COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAYS REVISION

F2 CHEMISTRY TERMLY EXAMS TEN QSN PAPERS

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
CHEMISTRY QUESTION PAPER NO: 01

1. The diagram below shows the set up used to prepare dry hydrogen gas in laboratory. Study and
answer questions that follow.

a) State one mistake in the set-up (1mk)

b) Which property of hydrogen that enable it to be collected as shown in the diagram? (1mk)
c) Write a chemical equation for the reaction taking place in the flask. (1mk)

2. The diagrams below represent two iron nails with some parts covered tightly with zinc and tin
respectively. What observations would be made at the exposed points R and Z if the wrapped
nails are left in the open for several days? Explain. 2mks

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3. The Diagram below is set-up for the laboratory preparation of oxygen gas.
Hydrogen
peroxide

a) Name solid R 1mk

b) Write an equation for the reaction that takes place in the flask. (2mks)
c) Give two commercial use of oxygen. (2mk)
4. An element y has an electron arrangement of 2.8.5
a) State the period and group which the element belongs. (2mks)
b) Write the formula of the most stable ion formed when the element Y ionizes (1mk)
c) Explain the difference between the atomic radius of element Y and its ionic radius (2mks)
5. Lithium has two isotopes with mass numbers 6 and 7. If the R.A.M (relative atomic mass) of
Lithium is 6.94, determine the percentage abundance of such isotope. 2mks
6. Other than their location in the atom, name two other differences between an electron and a
proton. (2mks)
7. The diagram below was used to separate a mixture of methanol and propanol. Study it and
answer the questions that follows

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 a) State the function of X 1mk
b) Which liquid will collect first in the beaker? Give reason 2mks
c) What would happen if water in and water out directions are reversed? Explain (2mk)

8. Briefly explain the following observations.

a) Noble gases are generally unreactive. (1mk)
b) Alkaline earth metals are generally less reactive than alkali metals in the
same period. 2mks
9. Given below are pH values of different solutions P, Q and S. Study it and answer the questions
that follow.
Solution pH
P 1
Q 7
S 14
a) Which two solutions would react together to give a solution with a pH of 7.0? (2mk)
b) Which solution can be considered to be an oxide of hydrogen? (1mk)
10. Nitrogen, oxygen and argon are obtained from the air using fractional distillation of air.
Dust, carbon (IV) oxide and water vapour are removed from the air before fractional
distillation is carried out.
(i) Name the compound used to absorb carbon (IV) oxide gas from the air (1mk)
(ii) Explain how water vapour is removed from the air (2mks)
(iii) At what temperature are the gases liquefied? (1mk)
(iv) The boiling points of nitrogen, oxygen and argon are -196, -183 and -186
respectively. State the order in which the three are distilled off starting with the
first to be distilled off. (1mk)

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11.Study the diagram shown below to answer the questions that follow. The curve shows the
heating curve of water in the laboratory.

1080C E
0
100 C
D

C
Temp 0C

A
Time (Min)

(i) At what temperature does the water boil? (1mk)

(ii) Is the curve for a pure water or impure water? Give a reason for your answer 2mks
(iii) Give two effects of impurities on the boiling point of water 2mks
(iv) Give two effects of impurities on the melting point of ice 2mks
12. Excess magnesium ribbon sample was heated in equal volumes of:-
(i) Pure oxygen gas
(ii) Air
(a) Why was the mass of the resulting product in (ii) more than in (i)? 2mks
(b) Write the chemical equations for the reactions in part (ii) 2mks
13. Excess iron fillings were allowed to rust in 1000cm3 of moist air and the volume
of the remaining air was measured each day as shown in the table below
Day 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Volume of air cm3 1000 950 900 860 840 820 800 800 800

(a) Why did the volume of air remain constant from day six? 2mks
(b) Determine the percentage of oxygen in air using the data given in the table. 2mks
14. Give two reasons why air is a mixture but not a compound. 2mks

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15. The table below shows some properties and electronic arrangements of common ions of
elements represented by letters P to X. Study the information in the table and answer the
questions that follow
Element Ion Electron Atomic Ionic
arrangement radius radius
P P2+ 2,8,8 0.197 0.099
Q Q- 2,8 0.072 0.136
R R+ 2,8,8 0.231 0.133
S S3+ 2,8 0.143 0.050
T T2+ 2,8,8 0.133 0.074
U U2+ 2,8 0.160 0.065
V V+ 2,8 0.186 0.095
W W+ 2 0.152 0.060
X X- 2,8,8 0.099 0.181

i.)Give the atomic numbers of the elements P and Q 2mks

ii.)Select the most reactive metallic element (1mk)
iii.)Select one element that would react with cold water to evolve hydrogen gas (1mk)
iv.)Why is the ionic radius of element X larger than its atomic radius?
Observe the equation below
Fe2O3(s) + CO(g) Fe(s) + CO2(g)
i) Balance the equation (1mk)
ii) Select the following from the above equation
Oxidizing agent (1mk)
Reducing agent (1mk)
iii) State two situations where redox reactions are applied in industry (2mks)

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16. Carbon (IV) sublimes at -78oC. It is called dry ice
a) Why is it called dry ice? (1mk)
b) It is used for keeping ice cream cold. Why is it preferred to ordinary ice? (2mks)
c) Name two other substances that behave as dry ice (1mks)
d) Give an industrial application of sublimation (1mks)

17.a) Element X has two isotopes. Two thirds of 3316X and one-third 3016X. What is the relative
mass of element X? (2mks)
b) An element, A, has 30 protons and 35 neutrons. What is;
i) The mass number of element A? 1mk
ii) What is the atomic number of element A? 1mk

18.A piece of sodium metal was placed in a trough half filled with cold water. State the
observations that were made. (3mrks)
20. The grid below shows part of the periodic table. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

a.) Which of the elements has the largest atomic radius? Explain (2mrks)
b) Identify the most reactive metal. Explain (2mrks)

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
CHEMISTRY QUESTION PAPER NO: 02

1[a] what is an atom? [1mk]

[b]Distinguish between atomic number and mass number [1mk]
2. Name two sub-atomic particles [2mks]
3. Element P has two isotopes P60 and P61 which occur in the ratio X:2. Given that its
30 30
R.A.M is 60.4.
Calculate the value of X [3mks]
4. A patient went to the hospital and was diagnosed to have cold flu. The patient was
prescribed to take drugs 1 x 3
[i]How and what hours in interval will the drugs be taken [2mks]
[ii]Supposing the patient took the drugs at 7.00a.m in the morning. What other hours of
the day will the patient take the drugs [2mks]

5. Identify a suitable method that would be used to separate mixture of the following substances
[a]Iodine and potassium chloride [1mk]
[b]Water and ethanol [1mk]
[c]Table salt dissolved in water [1mk]

6. Fill the table below

Compound

[i]sodium chloride

[ii]Iron{III}oxide

[iii] Al{OH}3

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7. Chemistry is a science subject that involves practicals that are done in the laboratory. Safety
rules are given in order for the student to take precaution while in the laboratory
{i} State three such rules to be observed [3mks]
{ii} Most of the laboratory apparatus are made of glass. Give two reasons [2mks]
8.Njoki a form 2 student, was given a colourless liquid suspected to be water.
[a]Describe one chemical test she could use to identify the liquid. [2mks]
{b}Describe an experiment she could perform to ascertain its purity [2mks]
9.Two ions X2+ and Y2- forms ions with ionic configurations 2.8.8 each
[a]Which of the ions is of an element in
[i] period 3 [ii] Group 2
[b]Given that element Y has a mass number of 32, draw the structure of its ions [2mks]
10. The form two students were given solutions P, Q and R in three different beakers. They put in
red and blue litmus papers and recorded the results as shown below
Solution P Q R
Effect on blue Turns red Remains blue Remains blue
litmus paper
Effects on red Remains red Turns red Turns blue
litmus paper

Which of the solutions was most likely to be;

[i]Distilled water [1mk]
[ii] of an oxide of sodium. Explain your answer [2mks]
[iii]An oxide of sulphur. Explain your answer [2mks]
11.[a]Differentiate between prescription drugs and over the counter drugs [2mks]
[b]Name two commonly abused drugs in Kenya [1mk]
[c]State two physiological effects of drug abuse to the human body [2mks]

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SECTION B
12.Study the grid below showing a section of the periodic table. The letters are not the actual
chemical symbols of the elements

[a]State the letter that represents an element that

[i] Belongs to period 3 [2mks]
[ii] Belongs to group 2 [1mk]
[iii] Forms ions with a charge of +3 [1mk]
[iv] forms ions with a charge of +1 [1mk]
[v] Forms ions with a charge of -1 [1mk]
[b] What name is given the family to which elements K and W belong [2mks]
[c] How does the following compare? Explain your answer
[i] Atomic radius P and U [2mks]
[ii] Ionic and atomic radius of L [2mks]
[iii] ionic and atomic radius of U [2mks]
13.Form two students carried out paper chromatogram for mixture of K and substances A,B,C
and D. study it and answer the questions that follow

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[a]Label [2mks]
[i]G
[ii]H
[b] What is the suitable solvent to use in this paper chromatogram [1mk]
[c] Identify the substances present in mixture N [3mks]
[d] Which of the pure substance was a compound of N [1mk]
[e] State two factors that determine the speed by which a
substance in a solution moves up the absorption paper [2mks]
[f] State two application of paper chromatogram [2mks]

14. The chart below shows how the main components of air are separated. Study it and answer
the questions that follow

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[a] Identify
[i] Gas x [1mk]
[ii] Gas y [1mk]
[iii]The temperature at which Nitrogen is distilled out [1mk]
[b]Name
i.Process A [1mk]
ii.Reagent B [1mk]
iii.Substance C [1mk]
iv.Process D [1mk]
[c] What is the purpose of passing the air through compressor [1mk]
[d] Write the chemical equation of the reaction taking place when copper turnings are
heated [1mk]
15. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow
ELEMENT A B C D E F G

Atomic radius [nm] 0.156 0.136 0.125 0.110 0.110 0.104 0.099

Ionic radius[nm] 0.095 0.065 0.050 0.184 0.181

1st ionization energy KJ/mol 492 743 790 791 1060 1063 1254

Melting point 0C 97.8 650 660 1410 442 119 -101

Atomic number 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

[i]Explain why;
[a] A has a larger atomic radius than ionic radius [1mk]
[b] G has a smaller atomic radius than its ionic radius [1mk]
[c] Explain on the trend of melting point from A to C [2mks]
[d] Explain why D has the highest melting point [1mk]
[e] Why is G having smallest atomic size [1mk]

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
CHEMISTRY QUESTION PAPER NO: 03

1. From the following list of compunds;zinc oxide,solid carbon (IV) oxide,sodium

carbonate,nitric (V) acid,iron (III) chloride;
(i) Identify two that sublime. (2 mks)
(ii) Identify a pair that react to form salt and water only. (2 mks)
(iii) Write a word equation for the reaction between sodium carbonate
and nitric (V) acid. (1 mk)
2. In an experiment to investigate the percentage of oxygen in air,200cm³ of air was passed over
heated copper turning repeatedly until a constant volume of air remained.160 cm³ of air
remained at the end of the experiment.
(i)Name one gas remaining in the 160 cm³ of air. (1 mk)
(ii)Determine the percentage of air used up during the experiment. (2 mks)
(iii)What observation would be made during the experiment. (1mk)
(iv) Write a word equation for the reaction between copper and oxygen. (1 mk)
3. Name the best method to use to separate the following mixtures. (4 mks)
(i) Common salt and water.
(ii) Coloured dyes in ethanol.
(iii) Ammonium chloride and sodium chloride.
(iv) Ethanol and water.
4. Study the set up below and answer the questions that follow.
(a)Identify gas X. (1 mk)
(b)Name the method used to collect gas X and give the property of the gas that enables it to be
collected using the method. (2 mks)
(c)Write a word equation for the reaction liberating gas X. (1 mk)

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(d)Why is not advisable to use the following in this method of preparing hydrogen;
(i) Calcium and dilute sulphuric acid (1 mk)
(ii) Zinc and Nitric (V) acid. (1mk)
(e)What is the purpose of anhydrous calcium chloride in the U-tube? (1mk)
(f)Name another compound that could serve the same purpose as anhydrous calcium
chloride. (1 mk)

5. When magnesium is burnt in air,it reacts with oxygen and nitrogen gas giving a white
ash.Write two equations for the two reactions that take place. (2 mks)

6. The diagram below was used to investigate the action of water on calcium metal.

(a)Identify gas R. (1 mk)

(b)The remaining solution in the beaker changes red litmus paper to blue.What does this
suggest about the resulting solution. (1 mk)
(c)Write a word equation for the reaction. (1 mk)
(d)What would be observed if Carbon(IV)oxide is bubbled through the solution. (1 mk)

7 .a) Name the particles that are found in an atom. (3 mks)

b)Atoms are said to be electrically neutral.Explain. (2 mks)

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 c) Element Q has 18 neutrons and a mass number of 34.
i) How many protons are present in element Q? (1 mk)
(ii) Write the electron arrangement of element Q. (1 mk)
(iii) To which period and group does Q belong?Explain your answer. (2 mks)

8.(a) In an experiment to investigate what happens when steam is passed over heated
magnesium,wet sand or cotton wool soaked in water is heated first before heating
magnesium.Why is it necessary? (1 mk)
(b) Write a word equation for the reaction between magnesium and steam. (1 mk)
(c) Write a word equation for the reaction between iron and steam. (1 mk)

9.(a) What is the chemical name of rust? (1 mk)

(b) A form one student in attempt to stop rusting put copper and magnesium in
contact with iron as
shown.

(i) The set ups were left outside for two weeks.Where did rusting occur?Explain. (2 mks)
(ii) Name the method used by the student to prevent rusting. (1mk)
(iii) How does painting prevent rusting? (1 mk)

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10. State the use of the following apparatus as used in the laboratory.

(a) Pipe-clay triangle (1 mk)

(b) Desiccator (1 mk)
(c) Wire gauze (1 mk)
11. The diagram below represents a set up for the laboratory preparation of oxygen gas.

(i)Name solid R. (1 mk)

(ii) Write a word equation for the reaction in the flask. (1 mk)
(iii) How can one test for oxygen gas? (2mks)
(iv) Give two commercial uses of oxygen gas. (2 mks)
12. A student was supplied with a colourless liquid suspected to be water.
(i) Describe one test that could be carried out to show that the liquid was water. (2 mks)
(ii) How could it have been shown that the liquid was pure water? (1 mk)
13. When a student was stung by a stinging nettle plant,a teacher applied an aqueous solution of
ammonia to the affected area of the skin and the student was relieved of pian.Explain. (2 mks)

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14. A mixture of magnesium powder and lead (II)oxide will react vigorously when heated but no
reaction occurs when a mixture of magnesium oxide and lead powder are heated.
(a)Explain the observations above. (2 mks)
(b)Write a word equation for the reaction between magnesium and lead(II) oxide. (1 mk)
(c)From (b) above,identify the;(i) oxidised substance. (1 mk)
(ii) oxidizing agent. (1 mk)
(iii) what name is given to such a reaction? (1 mk)
15.Classify the following as either physical or chemical changes. (5 mks)
a) Freezing of beer (d)Burning a candle.
(b) Rusting of iron (e)Heating copper(II)nitrate
(c) Heating of glass until it melts

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
CHEMISTRY QUESTION PAPER NO: 04

1. Study the set-up below and answer the questions hat follow;

Bunsen burner Flame

flame

Delivery tube

(a) What does the experiment demonstrate? (1mk)

(b) When is this type of Bunsen burner flame produced? (1mk)
(c) Give two characteristics of the type of flame used in the set-up (2mks)
2. (a) State the role of the following parts during fractional distillation of a mixture
of water and ethanol.
(i) fractionating column (1mk)
(ii) Glass beads in the fractionating column (1mk)
(b) State any two applications of fractional distillation process. (2mks)

3. A certain indicator was added to a solution. The pH value on the scale that was used with this
indicator was read as 6.5
(a) Name the indicator (1mk)
(b) State the nature of the solution (1mk)
(c) Why is the above indicator a better indicator than other common indicators used in
the laboratories? (1mks)
4. A student set-up the experiment below:

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 A student set-up the experiment below:

White
Gas jar phosphorous
Gas jar

Start of experiment End of experiment

(a) What was the aim of the experiment? (1mk)

(a) What was the
(b) Give the observations
aim of the experiment?
made. (1mk)
(c) Write an equation for the reaction that takes place in the gas jar. (1mk)
5.5. The set-up
The set-up below
belowwas
wasused to prepare
used the gas
to prepare theand
gasinvestigate its properties
and investigate its properties

A Magnesium ribbon B Lead (II) oxide Gas burning

Heat
Heat

Liquid R
Water

Heat

(a) Write a chemical equation for the reaction in combustion tube A that leads to the formation
(a) Write a chemical equation for the reaction in combustion tube A that leads to the formation
of the gas. (1mk)
(b) Identify liquid R. Why is it used? (1mk)
(c) State the observation made at the end of the reaction in combustion tube B. (1mk)

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6. A given element E has atomic number of 14 and consists of isotopes as shown below;
Isotope X Y Z
Isotopic mass 28 29 30
Percentage abundance 92.2 4.7 3.1

(a) What are isotopes? (1mk)

(b) Determine the relative atomic mass of E (2mks)
(c) State the position of element E in the periodic table (1mk)

7. Study the information in the table and answer the questions that follow;
Element Atomic No. Electronic Boiling point (oC)
arrangement
I 3 1617
J 13 2740
K 17 -34
L 18 -187
M 19 1033

(a) Select elements which belong to the same group. (1mk)

(b) Which elements are in the gaseous state at room temperature (25oC). Explain. (2mks)
(c) Write the;-
(i) Formula of the carbonate of the element J. (1mk)
(ii) Chemical equation for the reaction between the most reactive metal and the most reactive
non-metal. (1mk)
(d) Draw a dot () and cross (X) diagram for the compound formed between elements
I and K (2mks)

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 (e) (i) Complete the table above by filling in the electronic arrangements of all
the elements. (2½mks)
(ii) Identify the chemical family to which element I belongs. (1mk)
(f) Which elements form basic oxides? (1½mks)
(g) List any two uses of element L. (2mks)

8. A mixture contains the three gases Ethene, Hydrogen and Ammonia;

Gas Water Concentrated Concentrated
H2SO4 NaOH
Ammonia Very soluble Very soluble Very soluble
Hydrogen Slightly soluble Insoluble Insoluble
Ethene Slightly soluble Soluble Insoluble

(i) Explain how you would obtain a sample of hydrogen gas from a mixture of the three
gases. (3mks)
9. Using dot () and cross (X) show the bonding in Carbon (II) oxide. (2mks)
10. The following table gives some information about the physical properties of substances
S, T,U and V. Use the information to answer the questions that follow;
Substance M.pt Hardness Electrical Electrical
(oC) conductivity in conductivity in
solid state molten state

S High Hard/brittle Good Good

T High Hard/brittle Poor Poor
U High Hard/brittle Poor Good
V Low Soft Poor Poor

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(a) Which of these substances exists as a;
(i) Giant covalent structure (1mk)
(ii) Giant metallic structure (1mk)
(iii) Giant ionic structure (1mk)
(b) (i) Why is the melting point of V low? (2mks)
(ii) Why is U a good electrical conductor when in molten state and poor when in
solid state? (2mks)
(c) (i) Which substance would you recommend for making the cooking pan? Explain (2mks)
(ii) Name the substance that can be used in the laboratory as an electrolyte. (1mk)
(iii) Study the structure below
(iii) and
Studyanswer the below
the structure questions that the
and answer follow;
questions that follow;

H +
A
H–N–H
-B
H
Name the bond represented by A and B
Name the bond represented by A and B (2mks)

11.(a) Name two methods used to prepare soluble salts (2mks)

(b) (i) Write a chemical equation for the precipitation of Lead Chloride from
Lead nitrate and Sodium chloride. (1mk)
(ii) Give an ionic equation for the reaction in (b) above. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
12. The 12.
diagram
Thebelow
diagram represents the the
below represents electrolysis ofmolten
electrolysis of moltenleadlead (II) bromide
(II) bromide
battery

Gas Y
Solid X ------------------------
Molten lead (II) bromide
Heat
(a) Name (2mks)
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 (a) Name (2mks)
i) Solid X
ii) Gas Y
b) Write ionic equations for the formation solid x and gas y (2mks)
c) On the diagram show the anode and the cathode (2mks)
(d) Give one precaution to be taken while carrying out the experiment (1mk)

13. Give two properties of Carbon (IV) oxide that makes it suitable for use in fire
extinguishers (2mks)
14.Copper (II) chloride solution and Copper metal are both conductors of electricity.
Give two differences in their mode of conduction (2mks)

10
15. Naturally occurring boron exists as two isotopes, boron-10 B with a relative abundance
5
10
of 20% and boron -11 B with a relative abundance of 80%.
5
(a) How many electrons does each atom of boron contain? (½mk)
(b) How many neutrons does each atom of the most abundant isotope contain? (1mk)
(c) Draw the electronic structure of the most abundant isotope of boron (2mks)
16. Name two halogens. (2mks)
17. Define the following terms;
(a) Hygroscopy (1mk)
(b) Atom (1mk)

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18. The flow chart below shows how sodium carbonate is manufactured by the solvary process.
Study it and answer the questions that follow;
Solid B Water
Limestone, solid A and Air Chamber I

Ca(OH)2(aq)

Chamber III Gas P Chamber II CaCl2(aq)

Filtrate D

Ammoniacal brine Chamber IV Solid R

Chamber V
Gas X

(a) Name the following substances; (3mks)

(i) Gas P (iii) Solid A (v) Filtrate D
(ii) Gas X (iv) Solid B (vi) Solid R
(b) Write chemical equations for the reactions that occur in;
(i) chamber I (1mk)
(ii) Chamber II (1mk)
(c) Name two gases that are recycled in the above process (2mks)
(d) Give one use of sodium carbonate (1mk)
19.
(TheThe figure
letters below
do not represents
represent partsymbols
the actual of a periodic
of the table. Study it and answer the questions that
elements)
follow: (The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements)
I VIII
II III IV V VI VII
K
P M X
T A

(i) What name is given t the group to which P of

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(i) What name is given t the group to which P and T belong? (1mk)
(ii) Which letters represent non-metallic elements? (2mks)
(iii) What type of bond is formed when P and X react? Explain (2mks)
(iv) Give the formula of the compound formed when element K and oxygen react. (1mk)
(v) On the grid indicate with a tick the position of element Q that is in the second period of
the periodic table and form Q2- ion. (1mk)
(vi) Write the formula of the oxide of M (1mk)
20. The table below shows the products formed when nitrates of three metals were heated;
Nitrate Products
U Metal , Nitrogen (IV) oxide, Oxygen
V Metal nitrite, Oxygen
W Metal oxide, Nitrogen (IV) oxide, Oxygen
(a) Arrange the metals in order of increasing reactivity starting with the least reactive (1mk)
(b) Give the formulae of two possible cations likely to be in Nitrate V (2mks)
21. A student set-up the apparatus shown below to prepare a few jars of dry Carbon (IV) oxide;

(a) (i) Identify any three mistakes in the set-up (3mks)

(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction above. (1mk)
(b) Explain the observation made when burning magnesium ribbon is lowered into a gas
jar containing dry carbon (IV) oxide (3mks)

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
CHEMISTRY QUESTION PAPER NO: 05

1. Complete the table below for the characteristics of the sub atomic particles. ( 2marks)

sub atomic particle Relative mass Electrical charge

Proton 1
Neutral 1
2. A sample of air contaminated with carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide was passed through
the apparatus shown in the diagram below.

Which contaminant was removed by passing the contaminated air through the apparatus? Explain.
(2mks)

3. Explain how you would obtain solid lead carbonate from a mixture of lead carbonate and sodium
carbonate powders. (3mks)

4. Describe how the following reagents can be used to prepare copper (II) hydroxide, solid

copper (II) sulphate, solid sodium hydroxide and distilled water. (3mks)

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5. Aluminium metal is a good conductor and is used for overhead cables. State any other two
properties that make aluminium suitable for this use. (2mks)
6. State with reasons whether the changes below are physical or chemical. (3mks)

CHANGE TYPE OF REASON

CHANGE
I. Heating iodine crystals gently.

II. Formation of brown coating on

iron when exposed to moist air.

III. Heating Zinc oxide

7. The table below shows the relative molecular masses and the boiling points of methane
and water.

Relative molecular mass Boiling point(oC)

Methane 16 -161

Water 18 100

Explain why the boiling point of water is higher than that of methane. (2mks)
8. (a) Two solutions J and K were tested with blue litmus papers and methyl orange indicator.
Blue litmus remained blue in both solutions. Methyl orange remained orange in K but
turned yellow in J.
(a) What is the nature of substance J? Explain. (2 marks)
(b) Give an example of a substance that K is likely to be. (1mark)

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9. Air was passed through several reagents as shown in the flow chart below.
Escaping gases

Concentrated KOH Excess heated Excess heated

AIR
solution Copper turnings Mg powder

(a) Write an equation for the reaction which takes place in chamber with magnesium powder. (1mk)
(b) Name one gas, which escapes from the chamber containing magnesium powder. Give a
reason for your answer. (2mks)
10. A student set-up the apparatus below in order to determine the percentage by volume of
oxygen in air.

AT BEGINING AT END

a) Why did water rise when the reaction had stopped? (1mk)
b) The student wrote the expression for the percentage by volume of oxygen in air as
yx
x100%
y
Why was the volume of oxygen calculated using the above expression incorrect? (1mk)
b) What should have been done after the reaction had stopped in order to get a
correct volume. (1mk)

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11. Study the table below.
Ion Electronic configuration
L- 2,8,8
M2+ 2,8
N3+ 2,8,8

(a) Which elements belong to the same period of the periodic table? (1 mark)
(b) What is the formula of the compound formed by L and N.? (1 mark)
(c) Compare the atomic and ionic radii of element L. (1 mark)

12.In temperate countries, salt is sprayed on roads to defrost and clear roads but the long term
effect on this practice is costly to motorist.
(a) Explain the role of salt in defrosting the ice. (1mk)
(b) Explain why the long term effect is costing to motorist. (1mk)
13. The grid below shows part of a periodic table. The letters do not represent the actual
12. The grid below shows part of a periodic table. The letters do not represent the actual
symbols of theofelements
symbols the elements

13.

H I

a) Select the:
a) Select the:
(i) Element which has the largest atomic radius. (1mk)
(i) Element which has the largest atomic radius. (1mk)
(ii) Most reactive non-metal. (1mk)
b) Show on the grid the position of the element J which forms J2- ions with electronic
configuration 2, 8, 8. (1mk)

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14.Oxygen is obtained on large scale by the fractional distillation of air as shown on the flow chart
below.

a) Explain why air is considered as a mixture (1mk)

b) Identify the substance that is removed at the filtration stage (1mk)
c) Explain why Carbon (IV) oxide and water are removed before
liquefaction of air. (1mk)
d) Identify the component that is collected at -186°C (1mk)
15. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow:-
Substance A B C D E F
Melting Point (oC ) 801 113 OR 119 -39 5 -101 1356
Boiling point (oC) 1410 445 457 54 -36 2860
Solid Poor Poor Good Poor Poor Poor
liquid Good Poor Good Poor Poor Poor

Identify with reasons the substances that:

(i) Have a metallic structure (2mks)
(ii) Have a molecular structure (2mks)
(iii) Substances A and C conduct electric current in the liquid state. State how
the two substances differ as conductors of electric current (2mks)

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 14 12
16. Atoms of element X exists as 𝑋 and 𝑋
6 6
(a) What name is given to the two types of atoms. (1mk)
14
(b) Use dot (∙) and cross (x) diagrams to illustrate the atomic structure of 𝑋 (2mks)
6
17. Give 2 reasons why most laboratory apparatus are made of glass. (1mk)
(b) The diagrams below are some common laboratory apparatus. Name each
apparatus and state its use. (2mks)

18. Soot is one of the environmental pollutants.

(i) Explain the term pollutant. (1mk)
(ii) State how soot is formed from hydrocarbons. (1mk)
19. Phosphorus element smoulders in air to form two oxides
(a) Name the two oxides. (2 mks)
(b) State the nature of the solution when the above mentioned oxides are
dissolved in water. (1mk)
20. (a) What is meant by the terms: (2 mark )
(i) Atom (ii) Mass number
(b) The formula of element T is TCl3. What is the formula of its sulphate? (1 mk)
21. Crystals of sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na 2 CO 3 . 10 H 2 O ) were exposed
to air for about four days.
(i) State what was observed. (1mk)
(ii) Name the process that took place. (1mk)
(ii) Write an equation for the reaction that occurred. (1mk)

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22. Explain why molten calcium chloride conducts electricity while silicon (IV) oxide does not.
(2mks)
23. The table below gives the first ionization energy of three elements
Element A B C
1st ionization energy(kJ/mol) 496 419 520

(i) Define the term first ionization energy. (1mk)

(ii) Select the element that is the most reactive. Explain. (2mks)

24. State the colour of the indicators in the solutions given in the table below: (3mks)
Colour in

Indicator Acid Base

Litmus Red

Methyl orange Yellow

Phenolphthalein Colourless

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
CHEMISTRY QUESTION PAPER NO: 06

1. Name the method of separation that can most suitably be used to separate the following
mixtures
a) Gasoline from petroleum. (1mk)
b) Benzoic acid and potassium carbonate. (1mk)
c) Oil from cashew nuts. (1mk)
2. The table below shows information about three solid substances A,B and C.Study it and
answer the question that follow.
SOLID A COLD WATER HOT WATER
A Soluble Soluble
B Insoluble Insoluble
C Insoluble Soluble
Describe how you will separate the three solids from a mixture of these three. (3mks)
3. The diagram below shows the set-up that can be used to prepare and collect oxygen gas.
Study it and answer the questions that follow.

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 a) Identify two mistakes from the diagram which must be corrected for one to
collect dry oxygen gas. (2mks)
b) What property of oxygen gas makes it possible to be collected over
water. (1mk)

4. The table below gives information about some reactions of metals A,B, C and D and their rates.

METAL Reaction with Reaction with Action of heat

acid water on its nitrate
A Hydrogen evolved No reaction Oxide formed
B NO reaction No reaction Metal formed
C Hydrogen evolved Hydrogen evolved Oxide formed
D NO reaction NO reaction Oxide formed

Arrange the metals in order of decreasing activity (Starting with the most reactive) (2mks)
5. The table below gives information on four elements by letters K,L,M and N.Study it and
answer the questions that follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbol of the elements
Element Electron Atomic radius Ionic radius(nm)
arrangement (nm)
K 2.8.2 0.136 0.065
L 2.8.7 0.099 0.181
M 2.8.8.1 0.203 0.133
N 2.8.8.2 0.174 0.099

a) Which two elements have similar properties? Explain (2mks)

b) What is the most likely formula of the oxide of L? (1mk)
c) Which element is a non – metal. Explain. (1mk)

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6. A student set- up the experiment below to collect gas K. The glass wool was heated before
heating the zinc powder.

a) Why was it necessary to heat the moist glass wool before heating the zinc
powder. (1mk)
b) What observation was made in the test-tube. (1mk)

c) Explain why it’s not advisable to prepare hydrogen gas by reacting dilute
sulphuric (vi) acid with calcium metal. (2mks)

7. Using dots() and crosses ( x) to represent the outermost electrons, draw the structure to show
the bonding in CO2 ( C = 6, O = 8) (3mks)

8. Name the particles responsible for the electrical conductivity of

a) Graphite (1mk)
b) Molten Magnesium chloride. (1mk)
9. Starting with calcium carbonate, describe how a solid sample of calcium sulphate can be
Prepared. (3mks)
10.State and explain what would be observed when hydrogen gas is passed over heated
copper (II) oxide in a combustion tube. (3mks)

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11. Solution R, S and T have PH values shown in the table below:

Solution pH value
R 1.0
S 6.5
T 8.0
a) What do you deduce about the nature of solution R? (1mk)
b) Which solution would react most vigorously with sodium hydrogen carbonate? (1mk)
c) Which solution is likely to be ammonia solution? (1mk)
12. (i) Compare the second ionisation of Magnesium with its first ionisation energy. (1mk)
(ii) Explain your answer in (i). (1mk)
13.The electron arrangement of ions X+2 and Y-3 are 2.8.8 and 2.8 respectively. Write their
electron arrangement of the atoms of (2mk)
14. (i) Which flame is produced when the air hole of a Bunsen burner is closed. (1mk)
(ii) What is the use of the Collar on a Bunsen burner? (1mk)
15. State two differences between ionic bond and covalent bonding compounds. 2mks
16.Group 8 elements are known as noble gases. Explain their lack of reactivity…….. (1mk)
17. Explain the following trends observed in the periodic table.
a) Atomic radii increases down the group in alkali metals 2mks
b) Melting point increases from sodium to aluminium in the third period. 2mks
c) Chlorine is more reactive than sulphur. 2mks
18.Element M has an electronic configuration of 2.8.1. Element N forms ions by gaining two
electrons and react with metals to form oxides. Element P has an atomic number of 17 and
reacts with water forming acidic solutions. Element Q reacts with P forming a white solid
of formula QP. When a gas P is bubbled into colourless solution of MR, the solution turns
reddish brown. When a gas R is bubbled into a solution of MS a dark solid is formed.

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 i) What is the valency of element P 1mk
ii) What is the change of ion of element N.? 1mk
iii) Write down the formula of the compound formed between M and N 1mk
iv) If element M is reacted with water, what would be the nature of the
v) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in (iv) above 2mks
vi) Identify elements R and S. 2mks
vii) Arrange elements P, R, S in order of their increasing reactivity. 1mk
viii) Write balanced equation for the reaction between gas P and solutions MR. 2mks
19. The diagram below shows the flame of a bunsen burner with the air – holes open.

(a) On the diagram name the areas marked B and C. (1mk)

(b) Explain how the area marked B rises. (1mk)
(c) Explain how the area marked A would change when the air – holes
are closed. (1mk)
20. The diagram below shows two nails A and B wrapped with two different metal strips. Explain
with15.reasons
reasons which
which of of
twotwo
nails nails
will rust most
will if they
rust mostareifexposed to moist
they are air. to moist(3mks)
exposed air. (3mks)

Magnesium strip Copper strip

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21. The table below shows some properties and electrons arrangements of common ions of
elements represented by letters P to X. Study the information in the table and answer the
questions that follow.

Element Formula of Ion electron Atomic radius Ionic radius

ion arrangement (nm) (nm)
2+
P P 2:8:8 0.197 0.099
Q Q- 2:8 0.072 0.136
R R+ 2:8:8 0.231 0.133
S S3+ 2:8 0.143 0.050
U U2+ 2:8 0.160 0.065
V V+ 2:8 0.186 0.095
W W+ 2 0.152 0.060
X X- 2:8:8 0.099 0.181

(a) (i) Give the atomic numbers of elements P and Q. (2mks)

(ii) Select elements that belong to the period 4 of the periodic table. (1mk)
(iii) Select an elements that would react with cold water explosively evolving
hydrogen gas. (1mk)
(iv) Why is the ionic radius of element X larger than its atomic radius? (2mk)
(v) Write an equation for the reaction between S and Oxygen. (1mks)
22. The table below gives some properties of three substances A, B and C.
SUBSTANCE A B C
Appearance Brown solid Yellow solid Yellow solid
Melting point (oC) 1017 1150C 4020C
Solubility in water Insoluble Insoluble Sparingly
Electrical conductivity Conducts Does not conduct Does not conduct
(solid)
Electrical conductivity Conducts Does not conduct Conduct but
(liquid) decomposed

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 a) Giving reasons for your answers, which of the substances A, B and C has
i) Giant ionic lattice 2mks
ii) Simple molecular lattice 2mks
iii) Giant metallic lattice 2mks
b) Why does C conduct electricity only in molten state but not in solid state 1mk
c) Why is A not decomposed when it conducts electricity 1mk
d) Explain in terms of structure and bonding why the melting point of B is lower than
that of C. 2mks
23. Salt is sprinkled on roads in Europe during winter to prevent formation of ice on roads.
Explain how the salt works. (2mks)
24. Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow.
Element Atomic number Melting point (0C)
P 14 1410
Q 16 -235
In terms of structure and bonding explain the difference in the melting points. (3mks)
25. The diagram below shows part of a temperature / time curve obtained when pure solid
25 .The diagram below shows part of a temperature / time curve obtained when pure solid Naphthalene is
Naphthalene is heated.
heated.

B
C
Temperature
(0 C)
A

Time / Minute
(a) Explain why part BC is horizontal. (1mk)
(a) Explain why part BC is horizontal. (1mk)
(b) On the axis above draw the curve for impure Naphthalene solid. (2mks)

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26. (a) The relative atomic masses of some elements are not whole numbers. Explain. (1mk)
(b) An elements Gallium has relative atomic mass 69.8. In 100 atoms of Gallium 60atoms are
Gallium 69 and 40 atoms are Gallium X.
Determine the value of X. (3mks)
27. (a) What is valency. (1mk)
(b) The valency of X is 3, what is the formula of its;
(i) Hydroxide. (1mk)
(ii) Sulphate.

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
CHEMISTRY QUESTION PAPER NO: 07
1. Explain the change in mass expected when each of the following is heated in an open crucible:
a) Copper metal (1 Mark)
b) Copper (II) nitrate (1 Mark)
2. The diagram below shows the setup of apparatus used to prepare a dry sample of carbon (IV)
oxide gas. Study it and answer the questions that follow

a) State the role of sodium hydrogen carbonate in the setup (1 Mark)

b) Write the equation for the reaction taking place in the conical flask containing calcium
carbonate (1 Mark)
c) Give a reason why dilute sulphuric (VI) acid is not suitable for use in place of dilute
hydrochloric acid (1 Mark)
3. The table below shows the melting point and boiling point values of elements across period 3
of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Melting
44 119
point 98 650 660 1410 -101 -189
590 113
(oC)
Boiling
point 890 1110 2740 2360 280 446 -35 -186
(oC)

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a) Explain the trend in melting point and boiling point values between sodium and aluminium
(2 Marks)
b) Give a reason why both phosphorous and sulphur have two values of melting point (1 Mark)
4.
a) What are isotopes? (1 Mark)
b) Calculate the relative atomic mass of element E whose isotopic composition, shown below, is in
the ratio 80:6:14 (2 Marks)
15 16 17
E E E
7 7 7
5. Write balanced chemical equations for the reactions between:
a) Dilute hydrochloric acid and calcium hydrogen carbonate (1 Mark)
b) Dilute sulphuric (VI) acid and potassium hydroxide solution (1 Mark)
6. When sodium metal is burnt in air, a white solid is observed. When the metal is burnt
in pure oxygen, the product formed is yellow. Name the white solid and yellow solid. (2 Marks)
a) White solid
b) Yellow solid
7. Dilute hydrochloric acid was added to a calcium compound X to form a colourless solution W
and colourless gas Y. Gas Y formed a white precipitate L when bubbled through lime water.
a) Name the following substances:
i) Compound X (½ Mark)
ii) Solution W (½ Mark)
iii) Gas Y (½Mark)
iv) White precipitate L (½ Mark)
b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that took place (1 Mark)
8. Explain the following observations:
a) All group VIII elements are gases at room temperature (1 Mark)
b) Sodium has a lower melting point than magnesium (2 Marks)

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9. The grid below shows a section of the periodic table. The letters A, B, C, D, E, G and J do not
represent the actual symbols of elements.

a) Write the formulae of

i) Hydroxide of D (½ Marks)
ii) Hydrogen carbonate of A (½ Marks)
b) Draw a dot (•) and cross (×) diagram for the compound formed between elements A and G
(2 Marks)
10.Element Q has an electron configuration of 2.8.2 while element R has an electron configuration
of 2.4. Solid samples of elements Q and R were burnt in air, then water added separately to the
resultant products. State the effect of the resultant solutions on both red and blue litmus paper:
a) Solution of product of Q (1 Mark)
b) Solution of product of R (1 Mark)
11.The reactivity of the alkaline earth metals increases down the group, while the
reactivity of the halogens decreases down the group. Explain this observation. (3 Marks)
12.The following chromatogram was obtained in an experiment to investigate
the components present in certain dyes

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 a) Identify a mistake on the diagram (1 Mark)
b) Which two dyes, when mixed, would produce dye A? (1 Mark)
c) Which dye is pure? (1 Mark)

13.A mixture contains iron (III) chloride, calcium chloride, and iron filings.
Describe how one can separate and obtain pure substances from the mixture. (3 Marks)
14. The setup below was used to prepare hydrogen gas in the laboratory

a) Complete the diagram to show how a dry sample of hydrogen gas can be collected (2 Marks)
b) Name a substance which may be added into the flask to speed up the production of
the hydrogen gas (1 Mark)
15.A certain element formed a compound with the chemical formula Fe2O3•xH2O when
left open in the atmosphere.
a) Name the compound (1 Mark)
b) In temperate countries, salt is put on roads during winter. Explain the reason
for this practice (1 Mark)
c) Why is does this practice raise great concern to motorists? (1 Mark)

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16. Study the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow.

a) State the observation made in

i) Setup I (½ Mark)
ii) Setup II (½ Mark)
b) Explain the observation made in setup I above (2 Marks)
17.In an experiment, a certain volume of air was repeatedly passed between two syringes over
heated zinc granules, as shown below.

a) Why was air passed repeatedly over the heated copper? (1 Mark)
b) The experiment was repeated using magnesium ribbon instead of
copper turnings. In which experiment was the change in volume greater? Explain. (2 Marks)
18.Copper (II) oxide and powdered charcoal are both black. How can zinc granules
be used to distinguish between the two substances? (2 Marks)
19.Explain the main disadvantage of using the method of painting as a method of
protecting iron surfaces from rusting (2 Marks)

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20. The products of a burning candle were passed through a U-tube as shown in the setup below.

a) State the role of calcium oxide in the setup (1 Mark)

b) Name the gas that came out through tube M (1 Mark)
c) State the observation that would be made in the U-tube if
calcium oxide is replaced with anhydrous cobalt (II) chloride (1 Mark)

21.The setup below was used to separate two miscible liquids Q and T whose boiling points are
98oC and 78oC respectively

a) Identify two mistakes made in arranging the setup (2 Marks)

b) Identify X when the thermometer reads 80oC (1 Mark)
c) What property makes the components of the mixture separable using this
setup when the necessary corrections have been made? (1 Mark)

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22.The setup below demonstrates an experiment that was carried out on a Bunsen burner flame in
the laboratory

a) What does the experiment show? (1 Mark)

b) Which type of flame is this? (1 Mark)
c) State one other characteristic of this flame, other than the one shown in the setup (1 Mark)
23. Pure nitrogen can be obtained from air through fractional distillation of liquefied
air. Why is it possible to separate the components of air? (2 Marks)

24.A spatula of zinc powder was added to a test tube containing hydrochloric acid.
A colourless gas was evolved. State the identity of the gas and a test that would
confirm your answer (2 Marks)
25. Explain the following observations:
a) The melting points of alkali metals decrease down the group (2 Marks)
b) The element hydrogen can be placed in group I and group VII (1 Mark)
26. When a spatula of calcium metal is put in water, a fizzing sound is heard,
and the resultant solution has a white appearance. Explain. (2 Marks)
27. In the extraction of oil from cashew nut in the laboratory, the seeds were first crushed and
then propanone was added as crushing continued.
a) Why were the seeds first crushed? (1 Mark)
b) What would be the effect of using water instead of propanone? Explain (2 Marks)

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28.An unknown element is assigned the symbol Jw. When the oxide of Jw is dissolved in water,
the resultant solution turns blue litmus paper red, while red litmus paper remains red.
a) State and explain the relationship between the atomic radius and ionic radius of Jw.
(2 Marks)
b) What is the most likely observation made if a spatula of sodium hydrogen carbonate powder
is added to the flask containing a solution of the oxide of Jw? Explain (2 Marks)

29. A student used the setup shown in the diagram below to study the reactions of some metals
with steam.

a) What observation is made when gas F is ignited? (1 Mark)

b) When the experiment was repeated using iron powder instead of zinc granules,
only a small volume of gas F was obtained. Give a reason for this observation. (1 Mark)
c) The wet sand was heated before heating the zinc granules. Explain (1 Mark)

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
CHEMISTRY QUESTION PAPER NO: 08

1. The electron arrangement of ions X3+ and Y2- are 2.8 and 2.8.8 respectively.
a) Write the electron arrangement of elements X and Y. (2 mk)
b) Write the formula of the compound that would be formed
between element X and Y. (1 mk)
2. Study the equation below;
Mg(s) + ZnO(s) MgO(s) + Zn(s)
a. By use of arrows, indicate oxidation and reduction reactions in the equation. (2 mks)
b. Name the reducing agent in the above reaction. (1 mk)
3. Distinguish between the terms deliquescent and efflorescent salts. (2 mks)
4. The table below shows PH value of different solutions.
Solution A B C D
PH 14 7 2 11
a. Which solution is likely to be sugar solution? (1 mk)
b. Two of the solutions were found to react with both aluminium oxide
and zinc oxide. Identify the two giving reasons. (2 mks)
5. Identify the methods that are most appropriate to obtain. (3 mks)
(i) Oil from coconut
(ii) Diesel from crude oil
(iii) Sugar crystals from sugar solution
6. An element Q has an electron arrangement of 2.8.5 (a) Identify the group and period to which it
belongs. (2 mk)
(b) is element Q a metal or a non-metal? (1 mk)

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 14 12
7. Carbon has two isotopes namely 𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶. Calculate the relative abundance
6 6
of these two isotopes if the relative atomic mass of carbon is 12.4. (3 mks)
8. The diagram below shows how two gases, P and Q were collected.

(i) Name the two methods shown above. (2 mks)

(ii) State the property of Q that enables it to be collected as shown above. (1 mk)
(iii) Give an example of a gas that is collected using the method shown in (b) above. (1 mk)

9. State and explain the changes in mass that occur when the following substances are separately
heated in open crucibles.
(i) Copper metal (1 ½ mk)
(ii) Copper (ii) Nitrate (1 ½ mks)
10. The structure of water molecule can be represented as shown below.

(a) Name the type of bonds represented by letters Y and Z. (2 mks)

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11.Element R has a valency of 2, element Q has a valency of 1 while element B has a valency of 3.
Write the chemical formulae of their sulphates, phosphates and nitrates. (4½ mks)
Element Sulphates Phosphates Nitrates
R
B
Q

12. When a white solid X is heated, a yellow solid which turns white on cooling is formed and a
brown gas is seen. When a glowing splint is placed at the mouth of the test-tube it relights.
a) Identify;
(i) Solid X - (1 mk)
(ii) The brown gas - (1 mk)
b) Write an equation for the decomposition of solid X. (1 mk)
13. Below is a structure of aluminium chloride.

a. Identify bond A. (1 mk)

b. State the observations made when aluminium chloride solution is tested with blue and
red litmus paper. Explain. (2 mks)
14. Which particles conduct electricity in;
(i) Molten lead (ii) bromide (1 mk)
(ii) Aqueous sodium chloride (1 mk)
(iii) Graphite (1 mk)

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15.The following table gives the structures of the different atoms. Study it and answer the questions
that follow. (A, B, C, D and E do not represent the actual symbols of the elements).
Atom Protons Electrons Neutrons
A 5 5 6
B 9 9 10
C 10 10 11
D 15 15 16
E 10 10 12
a. What is the mass number of atom B? (1 mk)
b. Which of the atoms has a mass number of 11? (1 mk)
c. Which of the atoms represent isotopes of the same element. (1 mk)
16. Study the following flow chart and answer the questions that follow.

(a) (i) Identify reagent Z. (1 mk)

(ii) Identify the white solid. (1 mk)
(b) Write a chemical equation for the formation of the blue solution. (1 mk)
17.State two properties that makes aluminium to be used in making of overhead
electric cables. (2 mks)
18.The structures below represent two allotropes of carbon. Study them and answer the questions
that follow

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a) Identify the allotropes labeled M & N (1 mk)
b) Explain in terms of structure and Bonding which of the two allotropes;
(i) Conducts electricity. (1 mk)
(ii) Is used in making drilling equipments. (1 mk)
19. (a) Name two conditions which accelerate rusting. (2 mks)
(b) State ONE method used for preventing rusting. (1 mk)

20.The information below gives melting points of some substances. The letters do not represent
the actual symbols of elements.
Substance Melting point 0C Boiling point 0C
X 1536 3100
Y 65 1115
Z -40 361
P -218 -190
Q 99 890
R 116 445

(i) Identify any two substances that are solids at room temperature (250C). (2 mks)
(ii) Identify a substance that is a liquid at room temperature. (1 mk)
(iii) Identify a substance that remains as a liquid over the widest range of temperature. (1 mk)
21.(a) The following diagram shows how oxygen can be prepared and collected in the laboratory.

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 (i) Name;
I apparatus S - (1 mk)
II solid T - (1 mk)
(ii) Why is it possible to collect oxygen as shown in the diagram? (1 mk)
(iii) Explain why it is important NOT to collect any gas for the first few seconds of
the experiment? (1 mk)
(iv) Write an equation for the reaction that takes place. (1 mk)
(b) What name is given to the compounds formed when an element reacts with oxygen? (1 mk)
(c) State TWO uses of oxygen. (2 mks)
22. Name the salts obtained by reacting;
(i) Zinc oxide with dilute sulphuric (vi) acid. (1 mk)
(ii) Sodium carbonate with nitric acid. (1 mk)
(iii) Potassium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid. (1 mk)
23. (a) The table below shows properties of some substances.
Substance Melting point Boiling point Electrical conductivity
0 0
( C) ( C) Solid Liquid
A -112 -107 Poor Poor
B 801 1413 Poor Good
C 97.5 880 Good Good
D 44 280 Poor Poor
E 1700 2200 Poor Poor
F -110 46.3 Poor Poor
Select a substance which;
(i) Has a giant ionic structure. (1 mk)
(ii) Is a metal (1 mk)
(iii) Has a giant atomic structure. (1 mk)
(b) Using dots(.) and crosses (x) illustrate bonding in ammonia molecule (NH3).
(N=7, H=1) (2 mks)

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24. When a student was stung by a nettle plant, a teacher applied an aqueous solution of ammonia
to the affected area of the skin and the student was relieved of the pain. Explain. (1 mk)
25. (a) The information below is on four elements represented by letters P, Q, R and S. study it
and answer the questions that follow. Q reacts with dilute acids but not with acids. S displaces
P from its oxide and P reacts with cold water. Arrange the elements inorder of increasing
reactivity. (1½ mks)
(b) State ONE reason why Helium is preffered to hydrogen in weather balloons. (1 mk)
26. The set up below shows the reaction between dry chlorine gas and iron wool.

a) Give one essential condition that is missing in the set up. (1 mk)
b) Why is it not advisable to release excess chlorine gas in the atmosphere? (1 mk)
c) Write a chemical equation for the formation of solid X. (1 mk)
d) Name solid W and state why it is necessary. (2 mks)
e) Give the formula of the product formed if iodine vapour is reacted with heated
iron wool. (1 mk)
f) State two uses of chlorine gas. (2 mks)
g) A student placed a small piece of sodium metal in a trough of water.
(i) State two observations made? (2 mks)
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction that took place. (1 mk)

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 27. The products formed by action of heat on nitrates of elements A, B and C are shown below.
Nitrates Products formed
A Metal oxide + Nitrogen(iv)oxide
+ Oxygen
B Metal + Oxygen + Nitrogen(iv)oxide
C Metal nitrite + Oxygen

I. (a) Arrange the metals inorder of increasing reactivity. (1 mk)

(b) Which element forms a soluble carbonate? (1 mk)
(c) Give an example of element B. (1 mk)

II.(i) Write an equation to show the effect of heat on each of the following;
a. Sodium hydrogen carbonate. (1 mk)
b. Copper(ii)carbonate (1 mk)
28. The graph below shows the curve obtained when water at 200C was heated for 15 minutes.

a. What happens to water molecules between point W and X? (1 mk)

b. In which part of the curve does change of state occur? (1 mk)
c. Explain why the temperature does not rise between point X and Y. (1 mk)
d. Which test would be used to check if water is pure? (1 mk)

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
CHEMISTRY QUESTION PAPER NO: 09

1. Define the following terms:

(i) Atomic Number (1mk)
(ii) Mass Number (1mk)
(iii) The Isotopes (1mk)

2. Oxygen is obtained on large scale by the fractional distillation of air as shown on the
flow chart below.

a) Explain why air is considered as a mixture (1mk)

b) Identify the substance that is removed at the filtration stage (1mk)
c) Explain why Carbon (IV) oxide and water are removed before liquefaction of air. (1mk)
d) Identify the component that is collected at -186°C (1mk)
3. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow:-
Substance A B C D E F
Melting Point (oC ) 801 113 OR 119 -39 5 -101 1356
Boiling point (oC)
1410 445 457 54 -36 2860
Solid Poor Poor Good Poor Poor Poor
liquid Good Poor Good Poor Poor Poor

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Identify with reasons the substances that:
(i) Have a metallic structure (2mks)
(ii) Have a molecular structure (2mks)
(iii) Substances A and C conduct electric current in the liquid state. State how the
two substances differ as conductors of electric current (2mks)
14 12
4. Atoms of element X exists as 𝑋and 𝑋
6 6
(a) What name is given to the two types of atoms. (1mk)
14
(b) Use dot (∙) and cross (x) diagrams to illustrate the atomic structure of 𝑋 (2mks)
6

5. Give two reasons why most laboratory apparatus are made of glass. (2mk)
6 . Define the following terms:
I. A saturated solution. (1mk)
II. Crystallization. (1mk)
7. Describe how copper (II) sulphate crystals can be obtained from copper (II) sulphate solution.
(3mks)
8. Study the table below and use it to answer the questions that follows. Letters are not the actual
symbols of the elements
Ion Electronic configuration
L- 2,8,8
M2+ 2,8
N3+ 2,8,8
(d) Which elements belong to the same period of the periodic table? (1 mark)
(e) What is the formula of the compound formed by L and N.? (1 mark)
(f) Compare the atomic and ionic radii of element L. (1 mark)
9. Write the chemical fomular of the following compounds. 3mks

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 (i) Sodium sulphate
(ii) Magnesium hydroxide
(iii) Calcium nitrate.

10.State the reasons why carbon ( iv) oxide is used by ice cream venders instead of ordinary ice.
(2mks)
11.A student set-up the apparatus below in order to determine the percentage by volume of
oxygen in air.

AT BEGINING AT END

a) Why did water rise when the reaction had stopped? (2mks)
b) The student wrote the expression for the percentage by volume of oxygen in air as
yx
x100%
y

Why was the volume of oxygen calculated using the above expression incorrect? (1mk)
c) What should have been done after the reaction had stopped in order to get a correct
volume. (1mk)
12. Explain how you would obtain solid lead carbonate from a mixture of lead carbonate and
sodium chloride. (3mks)
13. Aluminium metal is a good conductor and is used for overhead cables. State any other two
properties that make aluminium suitable for this use. (2mks)
14. In an experiment, a test tube of chlorine gas was inverted in water as shown in the diagram. It
was then left to stand in sunlight for one day.

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 Sun light

Gas M
Test tube

Chlorine water

At the end of experiment (after one day)

After one day, a gas M was found to have collected in the test tube as shown above.
(i). identify gas M. (1mk)
(ii). Suggest whether the PH of the solution in the beaker would increase or decrease after one
day. Give an explanation. (2mks)
(iii). The colour of chlorine water was observed to have changed from pale yellow to colourless
after one day. Explain. (2mks)
(iv) Write an equation to support your answer in (iii) above. (1mk)
(v). State and explain the observation made when a moist blue litmus paper was placed at the
mouth of the test tube containing chlorine gas. (3mks)
(vi). Write an equation to show how the process in (v) above occurs. (1mk)
(vii). Give two uses of chlorine gas. (2mks)

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15. A student set up the experiment below to collect gas K. the glass wool was heated before
heating the magnesium coil.

Gas K
Cotton wool soaked in water magnesium coil
Coil

heat heat

(a). Explain why it was necessary to heat the moist cotton wool before heating the
magnesium. (2mks)
(b).Identify gas K. (1mk)
(c).What property of gas K makes it possible to be collected by the method shown? (1mk)
(d). Write a chemical equation for the reaction that produced gas K. (1mk)

16.The diagram represents two methods of gas collection in the laboratory.

Gas
(a) (b)
Gas

(i). Name the methods of gas collection above. (2mks)

(ii). Which method is suitable for collecting dry carbon (IV) oxide gas? Give a reason. (2mks)

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17. The curves bellow represent the variation of temperature with time when pure and impure
samples of a solid were heated separately.

A
B

Temperature

Time
(a). Which curve represents the variation in temperature for pure solid? Explain. (2mks)
(b)State the effect of an impurity on the melting and boiling points of a pure substance. (2mks)

18.(i) Cars in Mombasa are found to rust faster than cars in Nairobi. Explain. (2 mks)
(ii). State one disadvantage of rusting. (1mk)

19. The PH of a soil sample in a given area was found to be 5.5. An Agricultural officer the
addition of lime (calcium oxide). State the function of lime in the soil. (1mk)

20. By use of dot (.) and cross (x) diagram show bounding in magnesium chloride (mgCl2)
(2mks)

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
CHEMISTRY QUESTION PAPER NO: 10

1. Draw a diagram of the apparatus used to measure accurately 250 cm3 of liquids or solutions.
(1 mark)
2. In the laboratory, there are two types of flames; with reasons, state which flame is used for:
(a) Heating (1 mark)
(b) Lighting (1 mark)
3. Define the term drug abuse. (1 mark)
4. Shanty accidentally mixed iron fillings, iron (III) chloride crystals and sulphur powder.
Describe how she would obtain each of the substances separately. (3 marks)
5. Classify the following as either chemical or physical changes. (5 marks)
Process Type of change
Electrical conductivity by copper
wire
Rusting of an iron nail
Sublimation of iodine
Burning candle wax
Attraction of iron filings by a magnet
6. Matter exists in three states. Describe how particles behave in each state according to kinetic
theory of matter.
(a) Solid state: (2 marks)
(b) Liquid state: (2 marks)
(c) Gaseous state: (2 marks)

7. Explain how acid rain can be formed. (2 marks)

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8. Solutions may be classified as strongly basic, weakly basic, neutral, weakly acid, or strongly
acidic. The information below gives solutions and their pH values. Study it and answer the
questions that follow.
Classify the solutions in the table using the stated classifications. (2 Marks)

Solution pH value Nature of solution

B 0.5
C 6

9. A farmer tested soil in his farm and found out that its pH was 5.5. This was below the
recommended pH of 7.0. Suggest how the farmer could achieve the recommended pH of soil in
his fam. (1 mark)
10. Name three gaseous components of unpolluted air. (3 marks)
11. (a) Zinc reacts with dilute sulphuric (VI) acid to produce a colourless gas.
Write an equation for the reaction. (1 mark)
(b) Describe a test for the colourless gas. (2 marks)

12.The set – up below was used to obtain a sample of iron metal.

(a) Write two equations for the reactions which occur in the combustion tube. (2 marks)
(b) Name the gas collected in the gas jar. (1 mark)
(c) Give two uses of carbon (II) oxide that are also uses of hydrogen. (2 marks)

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13. (a) Name one natural source of water for a chemical industry. (1 mark)
(b) Kerosene is a hydrocarbon. Name the product of burning kerosene that
is a liquid at room temperature. (1 mark)
(c) Metal Y can displace metal X from its oxide. Hydrogen can reduce the oxide of metal
X. Metal X does not react with water, while metal Y reacts with water moderately.
Metal Z reacts with explosively with water. Arrange the metals and hydrogen from the
most reactive. (1 mark)
14. The set-up below was used to prepare a gas Q.

(a) Complete the diagram to show how a dry sample of gas Q may be collected. (2 marks)
(b) Give a reason why calcium is not the most appropriate metal for use in this preparation.
(1 mark)
(c) Write an equation for the reaction for the formation of gas Q. (1 mark)
15. Complete the key shown below for sub atomic particles. (3 marks)

Key
A …………………………………
B…………………………………
C …………………………………

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16. The relative atomic mass of element Y which consists of the isotopes 20Y and 22Y is 20.2.
. Calculate the percentage of the atoms in the isotopic mixture. (3 marks)
17. The ionic radii of the ions of Q and R are given as follows: Q2+ = 2,8,8 and R- = 2,8.
(a) Complete the table below: (2 marks)
Element Group Period
Q
R
(b) Write the formula of the product formed when Q and R react. (1 mark)
18. The halogens are a group of non-metals in Group VII of the Periodic Table.
(a) Describe an experiment which shows that chlorine is more reactive than iodine. Include an
equation in your answer. (3 marks)
(b) State two observations made when warm sodium metal in a deflagrating spoon is lowered in a
gas jar full of chlorine gas? (2 marks)
(c) Write an equation for the reaction in (b) above. (1 mark)
19. The following table gives the number of protons in the nucleus of some elements. The letters
do not represent the actual symbols of elements. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
Element E F G H I J K L
Number of protons 3 12 6 17 10 19 14 35
(a) Which elements belong to the same group of the periodic table? (2 marks)
(b) How will the reactivity of element F compare with that of element K? Explain. (2 marks)
20. The atomic numbers of elements X and W are 11 and 16 respectively.
(a) Write the electronic arrangements of the elements. (1 mark)
Element X……………………………… Element W…………………………
(b) Predict the type of bonding in the product formed if elements W and X were to be reacted.
Give the formula of the resulting compound. (2 marks)
Type of bond…………………………………… Formula of compound ………………………

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21. The table below show the physical properties of some substances. Use it to answer the
questions that follow.

(a) Which substance is likely to be; (1 mark)

(i) An element ………… (ii) A liquid at 22oC ……………….
(b) Which substance is likely to have the following structures? (3 marks)
(i) Simple molecular structure ……………………………………….
(ii) Giant ionic structure ………………………………………………
(iii) Giant atomic structure ……………………………………………
22.The diagram below shows the apparatus used for the electrolysis of molten sodium bromide.

(a) What does the term electrolysis mean? (1 mark)

(b) Which letter R, S, T or U on the diagram represents the cathode? (1 mark)
(c) State the observation made at the anode. (1 mark)
(d) Which condition is missing in the set-up? (1 mark)

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(e) Write the half equation for the reaction at: (2 marks)
(i) Cathode:
(ii) Anode:
23. State Graham’s Law of diffusion. (1 mark)
24. Sketch a curve to illustrate the relationship between the volume of a fixed mass of a gas and
its pressure at constant temperature. (1 mark)
25. Study the flow chart below and use it to answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name the substances labelled A, B, D and E. (2 marks)

(b) Cold water is made to circulate around chamber K. Suggest a reason for this. (1 mark)
(c) Give one reason for recycling in this process. (1 mark)
(d) Write down the equations for the reactions taking place in:
(i) The kiln (1 mark)
(ii) Solvay tower (overall equation) (1 mark)
(e) Give two uses of substance B. (1 mark)
26. Describe an experiment that can be used to prepare a solid sample of sodium hydrogen
carbonate in the laboratory starting with sodium metal. (3 marks)

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