STUDY CENTRE

17. The workdone on an object does not depend upon the

A) displacement B) force applied
C) angle between force and displacement D) initial velocity of the object
18. Water stored in a dam possesses
A) no energy B) electrical energy C) kinetic energy D) potential energy
19. h
A body is falling from a height ‘h’. After it has fallen a height 2 , it will possess
A) only potential energy B) only kinetic energy
3) half potential and half kinetic energy D) more kinetic and less potential energy
20. The number of joules contained in 1 KWh is
A) 36 × 105 J B) 3.6 × 107 J C) 36 × 108 J D) 3.7 × 107 J
21. Two army persons ‘A’ and ‘B’ each of weight of 500 N climb up a rope through a height of 10 m. A takes
20 s while ‘B’ takes 40 s to achieve this task. What is the ratio of the power of person ‘A’ and ‘B’
A) 1 : 2 B) 1 : 4 C) 2 : 1 D) 4 : 1
22. If speed of a car becomes 2 times, its kinetic energy becomes
A) 4 times B) 8 times C) 16 times D) 12 times
23. When a coil spring is compressed, the work is done on the spring. The elastic potential energy
A) increases B) decreases C) disappears D) remains unchanged
24. How much time will be required to perform 520 J of work at the rate of 20 W
A) 24 s B) 16 s C) 20 s D) 26 s
25. A student carries a bag weighing 5 kg from the ground floor to his class on the first floor that is 2 m
high. The workdone by the boy is
A) 1J B) 10 J C) 100 J D) 1000 J
26. The momentum of a bullet of mass 20 g fired from a gun is 10 kgm/s. The kinetic energy of this bullet
in kJ will be
A) 25 B) 2.5 C) 0.25 D) 5
27. Potential energy of a person is maximum when
A) person is sitting on a chair B) person is standing
C) person is lying on the ground D) person is sitting on the ground
28. A body falling from a height of 10 m rebounds from a hard floor. It loses 20 % of energy in the impact.
What is the height to which it would rise after the impact
A) 7 m B) 5 m C) 8 m D) 6m
29. When a force retards the motion of a body, the workdone is
A) positive B) zero C) negative D) undefined
30. In an electric flashlight the chemical energy of the cell is
A) converted into heat energy only B) converted into light energy only
C) converted into heat and light energy D) None of these

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 Tuition Classes IX (CBSE) Module-II

QUESTIONS
Descriptive Questions
1. An object thrown at a certain angle to the ground moves in a curved path and falls back to the ground.
The initial and the final points of the path of the object lie on the same horizontal line. What is the
workdone by the force of gravity on the object ?
2. Certain force acting on a 20 kg mass changes its velocity from 5 m/s to 2 m/s. Calculate the workdone
by the force ?
3. A mass of 10 kg is at a point ‘A’ on a table. It is moved to a point ‘B’. If the line joining ‘A’ and ‘B’ is
horizontal, what is the workdone on the object by the gravitational force ? Explain ?
4. A certain household has consumed 250 units of energy during a month. How much energy is this in
joules ?
5. An object of mass 40 kg is raised to a height of 5 m above the ground. What is its potential energy ? If
the object is allowed to fall, find its kinetic energy when it is half - way down.
6. What is the work done by the force of gravity on a satellite moving round the earth; Justify your answer
7. An electric heater is rated 1500 W. How much energy does it use in 10 hour ?
8. An object of mass, m is moving with a constant velocity ‘v’. How much work should be done on the
object in order to bring the object to rest ?
9. Calculate the work required to be done to stop a car of 1500 kg moving at a velocity of 60 km/h ?
10. Find the energy in kWh consumed in 10 hour by four devices of power 500 W each
MCQ (Questions)
11. When a body falls freely towards the earth, then its total energy
A) Increases B) Decreases
C) Remain constant D) First increases and then decreases
12. A car is accelerated on a levelled road and attains a velocity 4 times of its initial velocity. In this process
the potential energy of the car
A) does not change B) becomes twice to that of initial
C) becomes 4 times that of initial D) becomes 16 times that of initial
13. In case of negative work the angle between the force and displacement is
A) 00 B) 450 C) 900 D) 1800
14. An iron sphere of mass 10 kg has the same diameter as an aluminium sphere of mass is 3.5 kg. Both
sphere are dropped simultaneously from a tower. When they are 10 m above the ground, they have
the same
A) acceleration B) momentum C) potential energy D) kinetic energy
15. A girl is carrying a school bag of 3 kg mass on her back and moves 200 m on a levelled road. The work
done against the gravitational force will be (g = 10 ms-2)
A) 6 × 103 J B) 6 J C) 0.6 J D) 0
16. Which of the following is not the unit of energy
A) Joule B) Newton metre C) Kilowatt D) Kilowatt hour

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 1 watt is the power of an agent which does work at the rate of 1 joule per second

 Another unit of power is kilowatt (KW)

1 KW = 1000 watt = 1000 J/s

1 megawatt = 106 watt

1 horse power (1 hp) = 746 watt

 The power of an agent varying with time. This means the agent may be doing work at different rates at
different intervals of time.

Total workdone Total energy consumed

 Average power = 
Total time Total time taken

COMMERCIAL UNIT OF ENERGY

The unit joule is too small and hence is inconvenient to express large quantities of energy. We use a
bigger unit of energy called kilowatt hour (KWh)
A machine that uses 1000 J of energy every second. If this machine is used continuously for one hour,
it will consume 1 KWh of energy.
1 KWh is the energy used in one hour at the rate of 1000 Js-1 (or KW)
1 K Wh = 1 KW × 1 h = 1000 W × 3600 s
1 KWh = 3.6 × 106 J

 The energy used in households, industries and commercial establishments are usually expressed in
KWh.
eg : Electrical energy used during a month is expressed in terms of ‘units’.
1 unit = 1 KWh.

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 Tuition Classes IX (CBSE) Module-II

At point B
EP = mg(h - x)
Velocity at ‘B’
2
v ' = u2 + 2as = 2 gx u = 0, s = x, a = g
2
EK  1 mv ' = 1/2 m × 2gx
2
EK = mgx
T.EB = EK + EP = mgx + mg(h - x) = mgx + mgh - mgx
T .EB = mgh
At point C

h = 0, EP = 0
Velocity at ‘C’
v2 = u2 + 2as
= 0 + 2gh
v2 = 2gh

EK  1 mv 2  1 m  2gh  mgh
2 2
T.EC = EK + EP = mgh + 0 = mgh

T.EC = mgh
 T.EA = T.EB = T.EC = mgh = constant
i.e, Total energy remains constant during the motion of the body.  It obeys law of conservation of
energy.

RATE OF DOING WORK (POWER)

Power is defined as the rate of doing work or the rate of transfer of energy.
If an agent does a work ‘W’ in time ‘t’. Then power is given by

work
Power 
time

W
or P
t

 SI unit of power is watt (W)

watt = J/s

 P = W/t if W = 1 J and t = 1 s
Then P = 1 watt

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 STUDY CENTRE

eg :

In the figure a block is raised from position ‘A’ to ‘B’ by taking two different paths. Let the height AB = h.
In both the situations the workdone on the object is ‘mgh’.
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
According to this law, energy can only be converted from one form to another, it can neither be created
or destroyed. The total energy before and after the transformation remains the same. The law of
conservation of energy is valid in all situations and for all kinds of transformation.
By mechanical energy conservation
K.E + P.E = constant

1 mv 2  mgh = constant
2
Proof

In the figure a body of mass ‘m’ is dropped from a height ‘h’. A, B & C are the different positions of the
body during its motion. When the body falls P.E decreases and K.E increases.
AT point A
u = 0, EK = 0
EP = mgh
T.EA = EK + EP = 0 + mgh = mgh
T.EA = mgh

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 Tuition Classes IX (CBSE) Module-II

Kinetic energy of the body, EK = 12 mv = 12m m v

2 2 2

mv 
2

=
2m

P2
EK 
2m

POTENTIAL ENERGY
 The energy possessed by a body because of its position or configuration is known as potential energy.
 A stretched rubber band, stretched spring, water stored in dam possess P.E
 The P.E stored in the bow due to the change of shape.
 Energy possessed by a body due to change in shape is called elastic P.E.
P.E OF AN OBJECT AT A HEIGHT
An object increases its energy when raised through a height. This is because work is done against
gravity. The energy present in that object is the gravitational P.E.
The gravitational P.E of an object at a point above the ground is defined as the workdone in raising it
from the ground to that point against gravity.

In the figure, an object of mass ‘m’ raised through a height ‘h’. The minimum force required to raise the
object is equal to the weight of the object, ‘mg’. The object gains energy equal to the work done on it.
The workdone on the object against gravity,
Workdone, W = force × displacement
W = mg × h
W = mgh
An energy equal to ‘mgh’ units is gained by the object. This is the P.E (Ep) of the object.

Potential energy, Ep  mgh

Note
The workdone by gravity depends on the difference in vertical heights of the initial and final positions of
the object and not on the path along which the object is moved.

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 STUDY CENTRE

EK = 12 mv
2
 Kinetic energy of an object of mass ‘m’ moving with a velocity ‘v’ is

Expression for K.E

Consider a body of mass ‘m’ at rest. A force is applied on it, the body moves from ‘A’ to ‘B’ through a
distance ‘s’. The final velocity of ‘B’ is ‘v’. The acceleration produced is ‘a’.

We have,
v2 - u2 = 2as

v 2  u2
s
2a
The workdone by the force

 v 2  u2 
W = FS = maS = ma   
 2a 


W  1 m v 2  u2
2 

if u = 0 W  1 mv 2
2

It is clear that workdone is equal to the change in K.E of an object. This is known as work - energy
theorem.

if u=0 W  1 mv 2
2
Thus, the K.E possessed by an object of mass ‘m’ and moving with a uniform velocity ‘v’ is

EK  1 mv 2
2

Note :
i) K.E of a body moving with a certain velocity is equal to the work done on it to make it acquire that
velocity.
ii) A falling coconut, a speeding car, a rolling stone, a flying aircraft, flowing water, flowing wind, a running
athlete etc. possess kinetic energy.

Relation between KE & momentum

A body of mass m moving with a velocity v
Then its momentum, P = mv

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 Tuition Classes IX (CBSE) Module-II

 One joule of work is said to be done on an object when a force of 1 N displaces the object by 1 m along
the line of action of force.
 Work is done when a force produces motion in a body.
 Workdone by a force can be positive, negative or zero.
 Work is positive when force acts in the direction of motion of the body. (W = FS)
 Work is negative when a force acts opposite to the direction of motion of the body. (W = – FS)
 Work is zero when S = 0 or net force = 0 or force acts at right angles to the direction of motion of the
body. (W = 0)

ENERGY
 We define energy as the ability to do work
 The amount of energy possessed by a body is the amount of work it can do when that energy is
released.
 Energy is a scalar quantity
 SI unit of energy is Joule (J)
Another unit is KJ (kilo joule)
1 KJ = 1000 J
 Sun is the biggest natural source of energy
 An object that possess energy can exert a force on another object. When this happens energy is
transferred from former to the latter. The second object may move as it receives energy and therefore
do some work. Thus, the first object had a capacity to do work. This implies that any object that
possess energy can do work.
 The main forms of energy are kinetic energy, potential energy, chemical energy, heat energy, light
energy, sound energy, electrical energy and nuclear energy.

KINETIC ENERGY
 Energy possessed by a body by virtue of its state of motion is called kinetic energy.
 Kinetic energy is always positive and is a scalar
 A moving object can do work. An object moving faster can do more work than an identical object
moving relatively slow.
 Kinetic energy of an object increases with its speed.

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CHAPTER - 02
WORK AND ENERGY

WORK
 Work is defined if a force is applied on an object it will displaces in the direction of force.
 For workdone
(i) A force should act on an object
and
(ii) the object must be displaced
eg :
i) Push a pebble lying on a surface. The pebble moves through a distance work is done.
ii) A girl pulls a trolley and the trolley moves through a distance work is done.
iii) Lift a book through a height. There is a force applied on the book and book has moved. Hence work
is done.
iv) A bullock pulling a cart. The cart moves and work is done.
WORKDONE BY A CONSTANT FORCE

In the figure ‘F’ acts on an object, the object displaced through a distance ‘S’ in the direction of the
force. Let ‘W’ be the workdone.
Workdone in moving a body is equal to the product of force exerted on the body and the distance
moved by the body in the direction of force.
Work = Force × Displacement
W = FS
 Workdone has only magnitude and no direction. So it is a scalar quantity.
 S.I unit of work is Joule (J)
 W = FS
If F = 1 N and S = 1 m

Then W = 1 × 1 = 1 J J  Nm

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