SALALE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS

DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

MANUAL FOR PRACTICAL ATTACHMENT IN ECONOMICS (Course

code: Econ 3112)

COMPILED BY:

DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

JUNE, 2022
Contents
1. Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 1
2. Objective of the practical attachment .............................................................................................. 2
3. Expected benefits and responsibilities of the stakeholders .............................................................. 2
4. Student Placement for the Practical Attachment ............................................................................. 4
5. Major areas where students can be attached .................................................................................. 13
6. Student’s discipline ........................................................................................................................ 14
7. Practical attachment report writing guideline ................................................................................ 16
II. Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 18
III. Main Activities Carried out during the Attachment ........................................................ 18
IV. Lesson, Skill and Experience Gained ................................................................................. 19
V. Challenges Encountered and Solution Made ........................................................................ 19
VI. Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................... 20
8. General Rules for Writing the Attachment Report ........................................................................ 20
9. Follow-up and Assessment Scheme .................................................................................................. 21
10. Tips on Practical Attachment Presentation ................................................................................ 21
Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 21
PowerPoint Preparation and presentation .......................................................................................... 24
Appendix A............................................................................................................................................ 27
Appendix B ............................................................................................................................................ 30

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 1. Introduction

In the context of this Manual, practical attachment is a practical-based practical training

experience that prepares trainees for the tasks they are expected to perform on completion of
their training. Practical Attachment is one of the compulsory learning tasks of research in
business educational unit that students have to take during their study. This learning task is
intended to expand students’ understanding and critical thinking. It also enables students to
develop their thoughts and goals through attaching to different business organization and
observe the practical working environment and share the new insights and the knowledge they
have gain. It provides students with a smooth transition from the on-campus environment to
the working environment. It is often viewed as a ‘win-win’ situation for both the student and
hosting organizations/employers. Students are able to learn about the profession and gain
practical experience while simultaneously being able to reflect on what they have learned in
the classroom. Employers benefit from practical attachment as students are sources of future
employees.

There are many ways to do practical attachment. This can be regarded as a paradigm which
subsumes a variety of approaches. The choice students make has to be justified in their
eventual report. The aim in making the choice is to achieve attachment outcomes in such a
way that each enriches what students have theoretically learnt in class. That is an important
point of the practical attachment. Focus on the rigor on the attendance, quality work and
action learning of students in the business area and interpretations.

The Practical Attachment learning task will enable the students to adopt the work
environments of the organizations they are attached to; take part in professional activities of
the organizations; assess gaps in their own knowledge and understanding of the work
environment; produce organized report from their practical attachment and the observations
they have made during the occasion. This practical attachment manual is designed to provide
students a practical experience that would enable them performs better on different issues of
business. Students will be attached to different organizations (governmental, non-
governmental, community based organizations and private sectors) working on development
activities in the rural and urban areas of Ethiopia whereby they can acquire the desired skills
and practical experience by the help of experienced personnel working in the hosting
organizations. Hosting organizations are required to follow-up the students and evaluate upon
their attendance, performance on the job, students’ learning ability, etc.
2. Objective of the practical attachment

The purpose of practical attachments is to produce practically oriented graduates that meet the
required job-related competences of their future employers. Additionally, it serves as a
linkage between the University and various partners who consume services and/or products of
the University.

The specific objectives

 To enable students get hands-on experience real-life situation they are expected to work in
when they graduate.
 To provide an opportunity for students to apply the principles and techniques theoretically
learnt into real-life problem solving situations.
 To provide an opportunity for students and academic staff to interact with the stakeholders
and potential employers to appreciate field situations that will also generate information
for curricula review and improvement
 To develop student understanding of work ethics, employment demands, responsibilities
and opportunities.
 To enhance and strengthen linkages between Salale University and various stakeholders.
3. Expected benefits and responsibilities of the stakeholders

The practical attachment will be implemented through partnership between the University and
other partners who consume the University’s products and services. This partnership has three
key stakeholders namely: the University partners, the University and the students.
Commitment to this partnership rests on mutual benefits for all the key partners. The expected
benefits of the program for the different parties include:

University Partners/Organizations

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  Will get opportunity to be involved in the training and review of programs at the
University.
 Will be exposed to a pool of potential employees from which to select. This will
ultimately reduce the cost of induction/orientation of new employees,
 Will get additional human resource for effective and efficient service delivery.

Putting in mind the above benefits, the host organizations:-

 Shall participate in the planning, supervision and evaluation of the students on
practical attachment.
 Will provide on-site technical and professional guidance to the students on practical
attachment throughout the field attachment period.
 Will provide feedback to the University on the experience of the practical attachment
program.
 Will commit their organizational facilities and/or resources for effective
implementation of the practical attachment program.
 Will engage in a mutual learning exercise together with the students and staff of the
University.
 Will provide students on practical attachment with a wide range of experiences that go
beyond technical skills.
 Shall give accreditation and credit gains to students on practical attachment.
The University

 Will get opportunity to appreciate client demands and the quality of graduates required to
fulfill these demands.
 As a result of the cooperation the potential for research will be enhanced and developed
with the various partners,
 Will get opportunity to access training facilities and resources that are not available at the
University
 Industry linkage

Bearing in mind the above benefits, the university:-

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  Will provide overall institutional management of the program.
 Shall prepare required forms to the curricula and have it reviewed periodically.
 Will be responsible for developing a monitoring and evaluation criteria for the
practical attachment program including the code of conduct for students and staff.
 Shall initiate partnership with relevant organizations and concretize this partnership
with memoranda of understanding.
 Will be responsible for identifying sites that offer valuable learning experiences to the
students and staffs.
 Will develop criteria/and or guidelines for selection and training/orientation of the
practical supervisors/advisors.
 Shall source for funding from development partners and internally to support
implementation of the practical attachment program.
 Will create platforms and mechanisms for sharing experience arising out of the
practical attachment program by the stakeholders.

Students

 Will acquire new knowledge and practical experiences,

 Will improve their confidence in problem solving.
 Opportunity to relate to different categories of people likely to be met in the real-life
situation.
 Will gain exposure to the demands and challenges of the work place.
 Will get opportunity to meet and work with potential employers.
 Will have improved appreciation of the profession and therefore better work ethics.
4. Student Placement for the Practical Attachment

Before the placement, students should be briefed a week before they do the end of Semester II
examination of the third year, so that they can appreciate practical attachment as an integral
part of their B.A level training program in business. In such briefing, the following areas shall
be addressed:

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  The purpose of the practical attachment program.
 Basic requirements in terms of equipment and materials.
 Code of conduct expected of the students during the Practical attachment
 Roles of the various supervisors (practical attachment advisor and organizational
supervisors)
 Grading/evaluation of the field attachment program
 Various channels of communication for students on practical attachments
 The final practical attachment report format.
 When and how to hand over materials/equipment lent to them (by) the host
organization) during practical attachment.
 Other matters concerning their welfare during the practical attachment

After clear briefing what and how students will do, students will be assigned to different
organizations that may have roles to play in the business development; the organization/
company that may play any of acting, supporting and influencing role could host and train
them the practical skill and affection which enable them in applying the theoretical knowledge
they acquired from the theoretical session of the learning tasks. Students will be placed in
government, private and non-government organizations.

1. Placement in government organizations

A student who is interested in to be attached and work, learn in government organizations is

possible to be placed in a government organizations at different levels (Woreda, zonal,
regional or federal level). With this placement, students are expected to study the structure,
planning, management and activities performed by these organizations towards businesses.
Students will use the checklist to collect the information (See checklist 1).
Checklist 1: Data collection from Government Organizations

1. The role of the organization in business development

2. The business sector (the policy Environment)
 Main components of business development
 Weaknesses/gaps in relation to today’s understanding of business development
3. Organization and management of business development programs

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  Mandates
 Main components of its on-going business development programs/ activities
 How it is organized to discharge its responsibilities, including its
organizational structure
 Main departments and their functions
 How the different departments are coordinated
 The planning process
 Personnel management: recruitment, promotion, incentive for staff motivation
 Performance measurement systems
 Performance monitoring and evaluation systems of development activities:
When, how and by whom, frequency, participation of stakeholders and clients
…etc and constraints.
4. Institutional interaction/partnerships with stakeholders
 Partners/key stakeholders
 Roles and contributions of stakeholders
 Mechanisms of managing linkages and partnership. For example joint problem
diagnosis, joint planning, joint review meeting…etc
 Problems in working in partnership
5. Impacts on livelihood of different socio- economic groups/rural communities.

 Impact indicators may include income, employment, ownership of household and

productive assets, gender participation, conservation of resources, access to basic
services, equity in the distribution of benefits between households, social groups
and geographic areas etc. within the district concerned.

6. Resources available for executing business development programs

6.1. Human resource
6.2. Budget during the past years
6.3. Logistics (both at Woreda and village levels) such as transport facilities and
others
6.4. Office facilities: computers, chairs, offices etc….

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 7. Major bottlenecks in planning, managing and implementing business development
programs
2. Placement in Non-Governmental Organizations

As to the second classification, students who are interested to be attached to non-

governmental organizations can also choose any non-governmental, Community Based
Organization or cooperative or private agency working in business aspects. And, they are
expected to understand the aims, objectives, structure, management and scheme of the
respective organization. Students will use the checklist to collect the information (see
checklist 2, 3, 4).

Checklist 2: Data Collection from Non-Governmental Organizations

Students are expected to understand and collect information related to the objectives,
organizational structure and activities performed towards business development by the non-
governmental organizations. Students should use the following checklist for collecting data.
1. Name and role of the NGO working in business development programs:
(Full name of the NGO)
2. Address:
(Complete address including P. O. Box, telephone number, email and name of contact
person)
3. Year of establishment:
(Date of commencement)
4. Registration
(Year of registration and Act under which the NGO is registered)
5. Objectives
(What are the objectives of the NGO)
6. Beneficiaries of the project:
(Who are the beneficiaries?)
7. Criteria for the selection of beneficiaries
(Basis for selecting beneficiaries and type of beneficiaries)
8. Area of operation:
(Indicate where they are operating Woreda/Regional/National/International level)

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9. Linkage with other organizations:
(What are the different links that the NGO has with other organizations? For what
purpose do they have links?)
10. Organizational structure:
(Draw an organizational chart)
11. Staff profiles:
(How many staffs are working in the organization and in what capacity? Students may
consider number of staff qualification and experience or service year)
12. Gender profile of the staffs
13. Management and Administration:
(Who manages the NGO? and explain who are the decision makers in the NGO?)
14. Sources of funds: Resource mobilization
(Regional/National/international- List out all the funding agencies that provide funds for
their activities for the past years)

15. Major activities of the NGO in business development

(Explain in detail- the NGO may have more than one activity. Indicate all those)
16. Impact of the activities undertaken by the NGO
(What impacts/benefits have been created for the beneficiaries because of the intervention
by the NGO)
This includes:
 Income
 Creation of jobs (employment)
 Ownership of house hold and production assets such as oxen, donkey
 Health services
 Housing and nutrition
 Gender participation
 Conservation of natural resources
17. The Strength and Weakness of the NGO?
(What are the strengths and weakness of the NGO- example may be well known in the
area etc.)

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18. Problem/ difficulties faced by NGO

(What are the problems faced by the NGO? in terms of funding, linking, human
resource etc.).
Students should check whether they have collected the following information, as they
are essential to write the final report.

S.N. Information Points to be studied and number of cases to be reported

Identify the following

1. Registration of NGO a. How the NGO was established?

b. Who initiated the NGO?
c. NGO registration number and process

Identify the following

2. Objectives of NGO a. How many objectives were there at first when the
organization was started?
b. What additional objectives have been added over the
time period?
c. Why did they amend their objectives?
Identify the following

3. Management of NGO a. Identify how much decision making process require

participation (management and leadership style)
b. Identify how they are elected?
c. How the NGO is managed?
4. Activities of NGO Identify the following

a. How the activities (or) interventions are identified?

b. How do they carry out the identified major activities?
(Student has to ask the officials to explain with one selected
activity)

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5. Linkage Identify the following

a. Institutions to which they are linked

b. What are the different organizations to which they
are linked?
c. What do they get when they link?
d. try to analyze the linkage with an example
(Students have to ask the officials to explain for one activity,
how do they have the link)

6. Funding of NGO Identify the following

a. Funding pattern for the activities

b. Do they have enough funds for performing their
activities?
c. How do students work for fund raising?
7. Procedure of starting an Identify the following
NGO
a. What are the procedures for starting an NGO?
b. Assess whether students can start an NGO after
completing their graduation in business
development.(at least one page)

Checklist for Data Collection from Community Based Organizations (CBOs)

Placement in the community based organizations (CBOs)

Information for data collection
1. Name of the organization
2. Date of the establishment of the organization
3. Initiation
 Self-initiative (formed by the community themselves)
 External initiative (formed by someone’s initiative for e.g. government, NGO’s or
others)

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  Legal status (registered, if not registered why, if so procedure of registration)
4. Area of operation (Kebele, Woreda/Regional/National)
5. Organizational structure (Draw)
6. Membership
 Number of members
 Eligibility for membership
 Rights & duties of members
 Gender participation
 Members’ participation in decision making
 Capacity building strategies for members
7. Leaders election
a) Followed democratic procedures b) appointment c) Other
7.1. Capacity building strategies for leaders (What strategy is designed to enhance the
capacity of the management team?)
8. Objective of the organizations
9. Functions and services of the organization
10. Source of fund
 Members contribution
 Loans/credit
 Other
11. Planning, auditing & other record maintenance
12. Role of the organization in the development of the area
13. Impacts of the organization in the operational area
 Income of the household
 Creation of jobs (employment opportunity)
 Ownership of house hold and production assets such as oxen, donkey
 Health services
 Housing and nutrition
 Gender participation
 Conservation of natural resources

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14. Promotional strategies (membership recruitment service, product delivery, resource
mobilization e.t.c.
15. Challenges encountered in performing the activities & opportunities ahead
16. Role of the CBO in motivating females to participate in business development

Checklist for Data collection from Private Agencies

Data from private sectors is collected during the fieldwork in order to achieve the stated
objectives of the course. The data to be collected need to be relevant to the objectives,
organizational structure and any other activity of the respective private sector in the rural and
urban setting assisting the business development process. The following checklist is prepared
for collecting the relevant data.
1. Name of the private firm (Full name)
2. Types of the business organization (partnership, sole proprietorship etc...)
3. Address:
Complete postal address including Telephone number, email, and name of contact
person in the private sector.

4. Year of establishment: and date of starting activity

5. License: year and date on which the private sector achieve legal status, where and
under what kind of requirement.
6. Objectives of the business organization
7. In what kind of sector or specific activity is the private business involved (Area of
involvement):
 The type of goods or services offered by the private sector (or
organization/enterprise)
8. Area of operation:
 Indicate where the private sector under question is working:
 Woreda/Regional/National/Global levels
9. Linkage/partnership with other private sectors organizations
 Which organizations are the partners?
 Linkage with input suppliers, financial institutions
 What is the purpose of partnership/

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 10. Organizational structure
 Draw an organizational structure for the private business
11. Human resources (Employee) available in the private business
 Total Number of staff
 Gender composition
12. Activities: detailed explanation the activities of the private business
13. Impacts of the activities by the private business
 Impacts on the society (interims of employment, services, marketing etc.)
 Impacts on the environment
 Impacts on related and non-related business
 Clearly sort out negative impacts and indicate ways of mitigating and
preventing them.
14. Various problems/challenges
 Environmental problems for starting up and survival of a private sector
 Government policy/political environment (e.g. Entry requirements,
investment incentives like exemption from tax, etc.)
 Socio-economic environment
5. Major areas where students can be attached

Students can be attached at different levels of the business oriented organizations. This ranges
from the very rural areas to towns and highly developed cities from the first level of
production to the final consumption. Students are not limited to the following organizations,
but the following are some of the hosting organizations for the practical attachment of the
Economics students.
 Ethiopian Commodity Exchange (ECX)
 Industries
 Private and government firms
 Input dealer organizations
 Private and government companies
 Market dealing organizations
 Networks, consortiums and associations

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  Cooperatives and unions
 Formal and informal social institutions
 Saving and credit institutions
 Banks and insurances
 Private entrepreneurs
 Research institutes and Universities
 Offices of different levels ( Local, Zonal, Regional or Federal)
 Community based organizations
 Non-governmental organizations
 Gender and youth affairs

6. Student’s discipline

Students are expected to thoroughly offer their analyses based on their observation, the day-
to-day practical work and the information gathered from the hosting organization, and are
required to submit a written report to the department and offer an oral presentation. The
department will organize the oral presentation date after coming back from their vacation.

Attendance in all the components of the attachment is compulsory. Students are not entitled to
any kind of leave during the attachment period. The hosting organizations will take the
attendance and students should come up with an attendance certificate duly signed and sealed
by the hosting organization. Attendance and discipline (good conduct) will attribute to the
evaluation reports by the hosting organizations and this in turn would be part of the
performance evaluation of a student.

Any misconduct at work would be viewed seriously and result in academic disciplinary
action. Thus, students have to maintain good discipline throughout the Practical Attachment
period. In the event of illness, for which the student can produce a medical certificate from a
recognized health institution (clinic or hospital) or under some circumstances that would not
allow the student to pursue the course, he/she will be admitted to register for the course the
following year provided that he/she can produce a satisfactory written evidence from the local
administration where he/she lives.

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 7. Placement

7.1. Duration and timing

It is planned that our students will go for practical attachment after completing third
year second semester, during their summer vacation. This is considered to be the
adequate period for students to have a first experience, conceptualize those experiences
in their training and try out what they have learnt in theory. Thus, the period of field
attachment should last at least eight (8) weeks.

7.1.1. Posting
The process of posting students for field attachment will include:
 Preparing letters of introduction and other necessary documents e.g. guidelines for
field attachment report writing and students’ evaluation forms.
 Payment of students’ practical attachment financial support. The payment of student
allowances should be done not more than one week before their date of leaving
university for vacation.

8. Supervision/advice

There will be organization level supervision by the organization’s supervisor and the practical
attachment advisor from the University. Each site/student will be supervised day to day by
organization’s supervisor and advised by practical attachment advisor by using mobile phone
or email at least weekly. The organization supervisor /other relevant officials monitor the
activities of the students and evaluate them.

8.1. Requirements for On-Site/organizational and practical attachment advisor

The on-site and practical attachment advisors need to meet the following requirements:

a) On-site supervisors/organizational
On-site supervisors will:
• Be persons with relevant practical experience.

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• Show willingness to have regular contact with the student on organizational attachment.
• Have reasonable ethical and professional conduct.
• Be willing to engage in a learning experience with the student on practical attachment.

b) practical attachment advisors

• Advice will be done by qualified academic staff i.e. assistant lecturer and above.
• Consultation hour of practical attachment advisors should be communicated to students in
advance.
c) Evaluation
i. Given the duration and intensity of the practical attachment program and the rigor of
assessment (by organizational supervisor, advisor, practical attachment report), practical
attachment should carry an overall weighting of 2.0 credit hours.
ii. The practical attachment, being part and parcel of the academic program, must be assessed,
graded and the grades should contribute towards the award of a candidate.
iii. The practical attachment grades should appear on the student transcript as an independent
course.
d) Practical attachment report writing guideline

For the practical tasks performed at host organizations the student is advised to use the
following reporting format. The final reports should be evaluated and finally have stamped
and submitted up on return to the University within the first week of registration.
Preliminary Parts
 Cover Page
 Acknowledgment
 Abbreviation
 Table of Contents
 List of Table
 List of Figure
 Executive Summary
Body of the Report
 Introduction

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  Main Activities Carried out during the Attachment
 Skills and Experience learnt
 Conclusions and Recommendations
 References
 Appendices

I. Preliminary part
Cover Page (See Appendix B)
Cover page should have the following components
 University Name
 Student full name and Identification Number
 Degree Program
 Organization where attachment was undertaken
 Title of practical attachment task
 Advisor/s name and its academic rank
 Attachment period e.g. July – August regular
Acknowledgements: The student should acknowledge all those who assisted in contributing
to the success of the field attachment and report writing.
List of acronyms/abbreviations: All acronyms or abbreviations used in the report should be
included in this section, with their full meanings.
Table of contents: A table of contents should be generated which shows the contents of the
report and the page numbers for easy reading and referencing.
List of tables: All tables must be given headers and with table number shown against each
table header as well. The pages where particular figures are found should be indicated for
easy reading and referencing. Tables should be preferably numbered according to the chapter
numbers
List of Figures: All figures must be captioned at the bottom, with figure numbers shown
against each caption. The pages where particular figures are found should be indicated for
easy reading and referencing. Figures should be preferably numbered according to the chapter
numbers.

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Executive Summary: This should provide a summary of the most important practical work
the student learnt as well as the major challenges, conclusions and recommendations.

II. Introduction
Description of background of the host organization
This chapter is about the organization (s) where the student was attached. The student should
give the name, ownership, nature and /or type of organization, location details, general set up
and structure, management system etc. The student should attempt to position the
organization/institutions (e.g. agricultural bureau, research center, some NGO office working
in area of agriculture etc.) in the relevant way. The chapter should enable the reader to have a
picture of the organization(s) at a glance. Appropriate sub-title could be used to make the
report flow more credible. This chapter could be a maximum of 2 pages.
Background of the organization also includes:
 Branch of the organization
 Structure (size, turnover, departments, number of employees, etc.)
 Mission, Vision and Core values of the organization
This section should answer the following questions:
1. What is the full title of the organization? Give a brief history of the company, full mailing
address and relevant web links.
2. What is the type of ownership of the organization?
3. What is the sector that the organization operates in? Specify the products and services
produced and offered to its customers.
4. Who are regarded as the customers/beneficiaries of students’ Attachment organization
(consider the end users, retailers, other manufacturers, employees, etc.)?
5. Provide a dependable organization chart of the company.

III. Main Activities Carried out during the Attachment

The report should indicate the activities and assignments which the student was involved in
while on field attachment. This chapter does not require giving the activities chronologically.
The student describes and gives details only where necessary. The student could also explain

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if such assignments were in the same department or in different units of the organization. The
report is just a summary of what was done without going into the very particulars. The student
shall be required to explain in detail the link between the activities undertaken during field
attachment and her/his area of specialization and/or program of study. This chapter could take
a minimum of 5 pages long.

IV. Lesson, Skill and Experience Gained

A skill is a proficiency gained in carrying out particular business tasks or techniques learned
in the field, like writing or typing skills. Experiences are the areas of knowledge accumulated
in the field on theory taught in class that will lead the student to integrate class knowledge
into work practice, like experience in handling customers, filing and writing minutes. Lessons
are closely related to these two, but indicate areas of learning out of exposure, a discovery out
of knowledge previously gained. The student should be able to report on what he or she
discovered in view of courses taught prior to the field attachment. What was learned, what the
student got informed of, what were his or her experiences? This chapter will enable the
advisors to get a picture of the outcomes of practical attachment. This chapter should take a
minimum of 5 pages.
In this section students should answer the following questions:
1. What skills and qualifications they think that they have gained from the Attachment?
2. What kind of responsibilities they have undertaken during the Attachment period?
3. How do they think the Attachment will influence their future career plans?
4. How do they think the Attachment activities that students carried out are correlated with
their classroom knowledge?

V. Challenges Encountered and Solution Made

The student should give the challenges and limitations that were encountered in the
attachment. These could be personal, institutional, community, work group related, teamwork
challenges, technical, among others. This is not merely a listing of problems, but challenges
limiting the learning process from the field attachment. The student should highlight about
these issue. This chapter should be covered on 2 pages.

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 VI. Conclusions and Recommendations

 A conclusion to a report is a formal summary of the key issues raised in the report. This
section should include:
 A summary of key conclusions derived from the Attachment experience.
 General observations about the sector in which their Attachment organization operates
 In addition give recommendation for improving the attachment exercise and also
recommendation to improve the organization. Consider the strengths and weaknesses of
the institution based on students’ personal evaluation. The student should be realistic and
draw the recommendations from the report. This chapter should not exceed 2 pages.

Text Citations and References

The student shall add a list of documents which will provide more information on some
content of the report. All text citations and references shall be written following the format.
Ensure that students use APA citation and referencing style.

e) General Rules for Writing the Attachment Report

1. Format
 Times New Roman, Font Size 12, 1.5 line spacing throughout and print on only one side
of the paper
2. Recommended page of the attachment Report: The main body will not less than 15 pages.
The quality of the report is shown if students are able to write down circumstances in a short
and place-saving style.
3. If daily activities are routine; please provide a week-to-week diary.
4. Report must be fully typed except signatures.
6. Do not write theoretical excerpts from textbooks or the internet. Describe what students did
and what experiences students gained throughout their attachment.
7. Do not attach students’ Host Supervisor’s Evaluation Form. Hand it in separately in a
sealed envelope.

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8. Students may include graphs, pictures, data, drawings, or design calculations in students’
report; however they should not cover more than 1/3 of the page. Larger graphs, pictures,
data, drawings, or design calculations should be given as an Appendix.
9. Ensure that students have used the proper tenses and that students’ language is flawless.

9. Follow-up and Assessment Scheme

The performance of students for the Practical Attachment learning task will be assessed in
two stages. First, on the basis of the marks given by the officials/expert/coachers of the
organizations where the students are placed for the practical work (this includes attendance,
motivation at work, the ability to work independently or as part of a team, ability to carry out
the list of works mentioned in the activity sheet as well as good conduct at work).

Secondly, on the basis of the final report that is produced by each student (both written and
oral) there is a room to assess the performance of the student during his/her stay in the host
organization. In this case, the department will examine the magnitude of the work that the
student has done (assesses their practical knowledge about the field work, the presentation
skill, the ability to comprehensively and clearly/confidently express their work both in written
and oral form, how well versed is the student with the techniques in the field and how has
he/she relates their work with the contemporary business). The distribution of marks for the
Practical Attachment is given below and the evaluation criteria are presented in the appendix
A:
• On-site field supervisor: 30%
• Written report: 40%
• Presentation: 30%

10. Tips on Practical Attachment Presentation

Introduction

Think of a good presenter in every presentations starts at a time students have the rehearsal of
practical attachment report presentations. What did students like about their teachers’
presentation? Learners learn better and enjoy learning when taught by a skillful trainer. On

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his/her part, a skillful learner derives satisfaction from the progress of his/her learners and
strives to do better all the time. Here, for their presentations of different reports such as
practical attachment report, students can use either the overhead projector transparencies or
PowerPoint LCD projections. Below are some tips on preparing transparencies and making a
presentation that could greatly enhance learning.
Objectives of the notes
After going through these notes, students will be able to:

 Prepare legible transparencies;

 Make a successful presentation and;
 Handle questions raised in the presentation better
Making their presentation

In making their presentation, there are points that students need to bear in mind to make it
interesting and enhance understanding. The following are some of the major important ones.
 Do not speak before they are ready – otherwise students will confuse themselves when
they find that there is something missing in the middle of their speech.
 Ensure that the equipment is in working order before start speaking.
 Warm up their audience to break the eye.
 Manage stage fright. Stage fright is quite normal and can be managed or controlled.
Below are some of the ways of managing stage fright.
- Prepare thoroughly so that they will be confident about their information.
- Do not attempt to memorize presentation speech otherwise they will get confused
when they forget or miss a word.
- Relax, take a deep breath, look at their audience and appreciate them, crack a joke
but do not lead the laughter otherwise they will think something is wrong with
students.
- Channel nervous energies into movement and gestures.
 Tie-in their message to some previous experience.
 Pay attention to their appearance.
 Pay attention to their body movements:

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- Move forward and to the center to emphasize a point.
- Move backward to de-emphasize a point.
- Move laterally to change topic.
 Do not stand behind the podium.
 Pay attention to their articulation, pronunciation and loudness.

- Their voice should be audible, intelligible, expressive and pleasant.

 Vary the pitch of their voice. A monotonous voice seems to be talking about a
monotonous point.
 Vary the rate of their speaking. Slow down when they are talking about difficult
concepts and faster when they are talking about familiar concepts.
 Face their audience.
 Avoid confusing jargon. Be clear not clever.
 Involve participants.
 Welcome criticisms and evaluation.
 Handle questions skillfully.
 Avoid distracting mannerism.
 Be natural. Do not be showy.
 Students should follow know the facts, not just about the facts.
 If students display aids, use them otherwise the audience will keep wondering what
they are for and cause distraction.
 Students should follow notes instead of reading a speech.
 Use alternative communicators (where possible) and communication devices like
visual, audio, or audio-visual aids, group discussions, panels, interviews, when
appropriate.
 Limit the scope of their presentation to a few basic ideas that can be covered well in the
time allocated.
 Evaluate their message.

- Evaluate their audience’s reaction while students are speaking.

- Record and play back their presentation.

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 - Ask for evaluation and don’t be depressed by negative evaluation.
 Observe time allocated to students.

PowerPoint Preparation and presentation

When preparing their PowerPoint presentation please consider the following points

 Reduce the number of words on their slides drastically

 Use key words/phrases
 Avoid long sentences
 Focus their presentation on the major points of their attachment report
 Make sure that their conclusions are based directly on the report students have given
 Make sure that the recommendations arise directly from their conclusions.
 Use Areal font style/not Times New Roman
 Adjust their spacing between words and lines correctly
 1.5 or single space between same concepts
 Double space between different concepts
 Use limited number of words per line
 Use limited number of lines per slide
 Maximum of nine/ten lines per slide is recommended
 Use the right font size
 28-44 is recommended
 Use different colors to give emphasis on selected points
 Take care of the color blind people
 Black, blue, dark black, deep blue and sometimes deep green are
recommended
 Avoid double emphasis of points
 Underline with different colors
 Bold with underline
 Double bullet
 Assign number
 Titles and subtitles

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  Slide number
 Use the right slide design
 Avoid extra/unnecessary animation
 Think about their time management

Presentation Stage for PowerPoint

 Dress smartly to add their confident

 Look their audiences left to right and front to back
 Move around
 If students need to stand, be perpendicular to the ground
 Introduce themselves and their project work
 Eye contact, body language
 Speak to their audience, but not to the screen/wall
 Support their reading with explanation
 Voice modulation
 Changing sounds up and down with the concept
 Do not read from the screen/ read from computer
 Link their current slides with previous concepts
 Objectives with the gap in problem statement
 Conclusions with objectives
 Recommendations with conclusions
 Do not read every figure in the table (if any)

Responding to questions
 Relax themselves
 Avoid fear of failure
 Give their audience smiling face
 Internalize the question
 Be sure about the answer, then respond
 Take a note for comments, questions and suggestions to be considered/incorporated

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  Staffs and students are commenting students, but not blaming students
 Try to explain and justify their response
 Support with sources
 Add figures, easily convince their audiences
 Avoid unnecessary defensiveness.

Appendix: Evaluation Formats

Table A1: Evaluation format to be completed by the hosting organization (30%)

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Name of apprentice ___________________________ Occupational title _____________________
Name of the college ___________________________ Total Apprenticeship hrs. Allotted____________
Name of Hosting Institution _____________________ Total apprenticeship hrs. conducted ___________
Place/location ________________________________
Duration Date ________________________________
Maximum Mark Mark given by the
Serial No. Evaluation criteria allotted Evaluator
1. Eagerness to learn or work 3
2. Knowledge of the subject area
2.1. Theoretical background 3

2.2. Practical Knowledge 3

3. Confidence in his/her duty 3

4. Respect for the rules and regulations of the institute / organization
4.1. Punctuality 1.5
4.2. Discipline 1.5
5. Professional ethics 1.5
6. Completion of task in line with
6.1. Quality level required 4.5
6.2. Given time 3
7. Team work ability 1.5
8. Creativity in solving Problems 3
9. Use of tools & equipment to the safety 1.5
rules (If it is available )
Total 30

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 Table A2: Evaluation criteria for practical attachment report (40%)

S/N Section Important parameters to be considered Maximum mark

1.  Cover page Allotted Obtained
Preliminary page  Title Page
5
 Table of Contents
 Abstract
2  Background
 Mission and Vision of the organization 10
Introduction  Objective of the practical attachment
3 Discussions  Exhaustive discussion about
 business activities being carried 19
out by the organization
 Strength and weaknesses of the
organization
 Problems Identified
4 Summary, Conclusion  Summary and Conclusion 6
and Recommendation  Recommendation (Suggesting possible
solutions for identified problems)
Total 40

Student name-----------------------------------------
Title of the Practical attachment-----------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
Evaluator name----------------------------------- signature -----------------date--------------------

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Table A3: Evaluation criteria for practical attachment report presentation (30%)

Name of the student: _________________________: ID no. :_________________

Date of presentation_________________

Title/description______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Points
Area of assessment Allotted Points Scored Remark
(%)
Expertise/ confidence on 4
gained knowledge and skill
Coherence and quality of the 4
report being presented
Use and clarity of visual aids 3
Voice modulation/ articulation 3
Eye contact with audiences 3
Handling questions and 5
comments
Time management/ observance 3
The overall presentation skill 5
Total 30
Comments given:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________

Name and signature of evaluator / instructor:

________________________________________

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 Appendix B
Sample Cover Page

SALALE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

The role of NGO in poverty reduction, the case of World Vision Ethiopia in XXXX
Woreda

A Practical Attachment Report Submitted to the Department of Economics

By:

(Student Name)

IDNo: XXXX

Advisor: (Instructor Name)

May, 2022

Fiche, Ethiopia

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