208

APPENDIX A
LESSON A-1 VOLUMES OF REVOLUTION - SHELL METHOD
PART 1 Revolutions about either the y-axis or x-axis

Key: The representative element (rectangle) must be parallel to the axis of revolution. Recall that
for discs or washers, the element had to be perpendicular to the axis of revolution.
Remember: PARASHELL vs PERPENDISCULAR

Revolving rectangular elements about a parallel axis produces cylindrical shells (like the
wrappings around a toilet paper roll).

V = 2  rh dx ( or dy )
b
The volume formula for the shell method is:
a
r  0, h  0
Examples:
1. Find the volume of the solid formed by revolving y (1,2)

the region bounded by y = x + 1, y = 0, x = 0,
2

and x = 1 about the y-axis. r=x

V=
 h = x2 + 1
h
r
x
dx 

Why would using the disc method for this problem be much harder?
y
2. Set up (but do not integrate) an integral giving the volume
of the solid formed by revolving the region bounded by h
y = 2 x − x and y = − x about the y-axis.
2
r=
x
r
h=
V=

3. Use both the shell method and the disc method to find the
volume formed by revolving the region bounded by y = x ,
3

x = 2 , and y = 0 about the x-axis.

y
 y





x
x


 209

ASSIGNMENT A-1

Give the radius and the height of the shell formed when the representative element is
revolved about the indicated axis.
1
1. 2. y
x 3. y= x
2
3   
y y = − x+3 h y h
 5
r 

r
− 
 r x
h x
      y = x2 − 4x + 3    

r=? r=? r=?

h= h= h=

For problems 4-9, set up integrals (but do not integrate) which could be used to find the
volumes formed by revolving the plane regions described or shown about the indicated axes.
Use the shell method.

4. 5. y 6.
y x
y = 1− x    
 
− y = x2 + 4
x
− y = 2− x

7. Region bounded by y = x , y = 0 , and x = 2 revolved about the y-axis.

2

8. Region bounded by y = 2x , y = 4 , and x = 0 revolved about the y-axis.

9. Region bounded by y = x , y = 0 , and x = 5 revolved about the x-axis.

Use discs, washers, or shells to find the volumes indicated in problems 10 and 11.

10. Region bounded by y = x and y = x in Quadrant I revolved about the x-axis.

3

11. Region bounded by y = x +2, x =0, y = 0 , and x = 4 revolved about the y-axis.
 210

LESSON A-2 VOLUMES OF REVOLUTION - SHELL METHOD

PART 2 Revolutions about other lines

For revolutions about lines other than the x- and y-axes, the formula is still
V = 2  rh dx ( or dy ) , but instead of r = x or r = y (or perhaps r = − x or r = − y ),
b

r is slightly harder to find. (Remember that both r and h must be nonnegative.)

Example 1. Use the Shell Method to set-up integrals which could

be used to find the volumes of the solids formed when the region
bounded by y = x − 1 , y = 0 , and x = 5 is revolved about:
y

a. the y-axis

b. x = −2
x

c. x = 5 −      

Example 2. Find the volume of the solid formed by revolving the

region bounded by x = y and x = 4 about the line y = −3 .
2
y

x
−    

Example 3. Set up an integral (but do not integrate) which could be used to find the volume
of the solid which would be formed if the region from Example 2 were revolved about the
line y = 3 ,
 211

ASSIGNMENT A-2

Give the radius and the height of the shell formed when the representative element is
revolved about the indicated line.
x=4
1. y = −2 x + 2 2. 3. y=3 x
y y y
y=2 h
r
r
h x
h y = x2 − 2x
r x
x 2

x = −1

For problems 4-6, set up integrals (but do not integrate) which

could be used to find the volumes formed by revolving the y
plane region bounded by y = x and y = 4 x − x about
2 2

the indicated axis of revolution. Use any method.

4. about the x-axis

5. about x = 4

6. about x = −1

For problems 7and 8 draw accurate sketches and set up integrals (but do not integrate)
which could be used to find the volumes formed by revolving the plane region bounded by
x = y − y 2 and x = 0 about the indicated axes of revolution. Use any method.

7. about y = 2 8. about y = −3

9. Set up integrals (but do not integrate) which could be used to find the volumes formed
by revolving the plane region bounded by y = 1 x , y = 0 , and x = 6 about the
2
line y = −2 . Use the indicated method.
a. washers b. shells

10. Find the volumes of the solids formed by revolving the region bounded by y = 12 ,
x
y = 0 , x = 1 , and x = 3 about the indicated axes.
a. about the y-axis b. about the line x = 4
 212

LESSON A-3 INTEGRATION BY PARTS PART 1

Integration by parts is a method of integration used mainly for products of algebraic and
transcendental functions (such as  xe x dx ) or products of two transcendental functions
(such as  e x sin x dx ).

Development of the formula for integration by parts: If u and v are both functions
of x, then
d
dx
( uv ) =

Formula for integration by parts:

 uv dx = uv −  vu dx or  u dv = uv −  v du
Strategy: Let u be the part whose derivative is “simpler” (or at least no more complicated)
than u itself. Let dv be the more complicated part (or the part which can easily be
integrated). Also, remember that you typically have only two choices. If one choice doesn’t
work, try the other.

 xe  x sin ( 3x ) dx
x
Example 1. dx Example 2.

Let u =

du =

Let dv =

v=

 xe dx =  x sin ( 3x ) dx =
x

Example 3.  arcsin x dx =
 213

ASSIGNMENT A-3
Hint: Two of the problems in this assignment do not involve integration by parts. One of
these is in the form  eu u dx and the other is in the form  u nu  dx (in disguise). See if you
can find them and remember how to do them.

 x sin x dx  x cos ( 2 x ) dx  4 xe
x
x e e
2x 2 x3
1. 2. 3. dx 4. dx 5. x
dx

( ln x )
2

6.  3x ln x dx 7.  ln x dx 8.  ln 2x dx
x
9.  x
dx 10.  arctan x dx

LESSON A-4 INTEGRATION BY PARTS PART 2

Repeated integration by parts and integration by parts involving
definite integrals

 x sin ( 2 x ) dx
e
 x 2 ln x dx
2
Example 1. Example 2.
1

ASSIGNMENT A-4

Hint: Two of the problems in this assignment do not involve integration by parts. See if
you can find them and integrate them using an appropriate method.

x  x sin ( 3x ) dx x e  x arctan x dx
2 2 2 2x
1. cos x dx 2. 3. dx 4.
2 1
 xe dx  xe
1 x x2
0 1 + x2 dx
3x
5. 6. 7. dx x2
1

0
 1 + x 2 dx can be
e2
8. 1
x ln x dx 9.  0
2 x cos x dx integrated using
long division
 214

THE ESSENTIALS OF CALCULUS

WITH EARLY TRANSCENDENTALS
ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES

Assignment 0.1 page 2

1. m = 4 3. m = 0 6. y = x − 2 9. x = 4 10. −3x + y = 0
3

y − 3 = − 32 ( x − 2 ) 18. x + 4 x − 5 x = 0 → x = −5,0,1
3 2
11. 16. not collinear
22. x + 4 x − 5 x = −3x − 5 x + 15
3 2 2
19. x f ( x)
7 504 (1.341, 2.899 ) or (1.341, 2.900 )
7.1 524.051 ( −1.678, 14.937 ) or ( −1.679, 14.938 )
7.2 544.608 ( −6.662, − 84.837 ) or ( −6.662, − 84.838 )
7.3 565.677
7.4 587.264
24. ( −, −5 , 0,1 27. x = 1.732
28. (-3,11), (5,3)

Assignment 0.2 page 7

1. b. −11 d. 3x − 5 3. 2x + x −1 4. Do: x  −1 , Ra: y  0
10. a. y = ( x + 3)
2
8. not a function (circle) 11. c. x −1, x  0
14. c. 8x 4 e. 4 15. y = 12 x + 12 20. a. x − 2 b. x  2 c. 1
d. x  2
x−2
23. x = 0, 2 24.  y 27. y x
x − 
− 
−
31. y x 32. y

− − −  
x
−
− 

34. x = −.890 or − .891 35. Do: all reals, Ra: y  4.875

37. Do:  −2.645, 2.645 or  −2.646, 2.646 Ra: 0, 2.645 or 0, 2.646
39. 41. 43. 45.
−
 
− 

−
−
− 
− 
 215

Assignment 0.3 page 12

6. x-int. ( 3,0 ) , no y-int. 8. x-int. ( 2, 0 ) , y-int. ( 0,1) 12. origin 16. x-axis
25. no x-int., 
y 26. ( 0,0 ) , (1,1) , ( −1, −1)
y-int. ( 0,3) ,  27. ( −4, −3) , (3, 4 )
y-axis symm. 
29. k = − 18
x
− 

36. x-int. ( 4, 0 ) , 

38. −.666  x  5.333 or − .667  x  5.333
y-int. ( 0, 2 ) , 45. y − 2 = −23 ( x −1)
− 
x-axis symm.
−

Assignment 0.4 page 17

1 5 5
c. − 2
3 7 58 3 2
1. a. 1
b. d. f. 2 2. a. c. − 3. a. 4. a. c.
2 2 3 3 3 29 2 3
1 5 1
5. a. c. −1 6. a. 270 c. 7. a. 132 c. 5.445 8. a. − c. 1
2 4 2
1  4
9. a. − 2
2
c. −3 12. a. x = 3 ,
8 2 2
c. 10. a. Quadrant 3 11. a. or
3
3 3 3
 3 5 7
14.  = , , ,
4 4 4 4

Assignment 0.5 page 20

1. a. −.309 b. −4.179 or − 4.180 d. .324 or .325 2. x = .915 3. x = 3.410 in.
5. x = .936 7. x = .646 or .647, 3.788 8. a.  b. 4 c. 0 d. 1 (upward)
2  
b. 112 c. − 3 (left
1
9. a. 1 b. none c. (right) d. 0 10. a. ) d. 0
8 3 3

17. x =  ,3
1 3
16. x = 2 , 2
y
13. 

x 18. a. y = 4 sin ( 1
2
( x − 0 ) ) + 0 (others are possible)
−  

−

20. sin  = − , tan = 21. a. sin  = − , tan  = 1 , sec = − 2

7 7 1
53 2 2

21. b. sin  = − , tan  = − , sec =

1 1 2
2
c. sin  = 1 , cos = 0 , tan  is undef.
3 3
 4  5
22. cos  = − , tan  = − 23. x = 24.  = 0 ,  25.  = 3 ,  ,
7 3
,
4 7 3 3 3
 216

Assignment 0.6 page 23

e3 3
11. e15 13. x = 4 14. x = 3 15. x = − 2
1
1. 4 3. 0 5. 7. 9 9.
16 8
16. x =  8 17. x = −1
19. y 21. y 23.  y
y= 0 x

− −  x
(0,-1)
y= 0 (0,1) x − − (0,0) 
−
− −  y = -1
−

24.  y

(0,1) x

− 

Assignment 0.7 page 26

1. false 2. false 3. false 4. false 5. false 6. true 7. false 8. true

1 1
9. log 5 125 = −3 11. 36 = 729 13. 2 x + 1 15. p 17. x = 8 18. x = e
19. x = 2

21. y x 23. y x 24. x=0 y


(1,0) −
(-1,0)
x
− −
x=0 x=0 (1,0) 

26. f ( x ) = 2 ln x 27. f ( x ) = e + 1 28. ln a − ln b − ln c 30. 2ln ( a + b ) − ln c

−1 −1 1
x

ln 3 + 1
31. log ( xy ) 33. ln 36. t = 2 ( −4 is extraneous )
ac
34. t = −2,3 35. t =
2
2
b 2
38. x = .482 or .483 39. 2.726 or 2.727

Additional Practice 0.1 page 28

1. y 
2. y
3. a. y − 3 = 2 ( x + 1) b. y − 3 = −21 ( x + 1)
3

 3. c. y = −3x d. x = -1
( − , − 1.137 , .394 , .742 or .395 , .742
x x
   4.
5. x  −2.333 or x  −1
−
6. x = −3, -6.75
 217

Additional Practice 0.2 page 28

7. y 8.  y 9. y 10.  y
 x
x
  x − 
x
− −  −

y
11. 
12.  y 13. y


x
 x
  − 

x
− −
− 

14. Problem 12 15. a. − x2 + 2x + 2 b. −4x2 − 4x c. −5

16. x = 2,  3 17. x = 2 18. f −1
( x) = 3 5
x +1
y

y
19. 20. 21. x
x
 
− 
−
− 

22. y

− −  

Additional Practice 0.3 page 29

23. (1, 6 ) 24. ( 3, 0 )
25. a.Do: all reals Ra: y  0 
y

b. x-int: ( 2, 0 ) y-int: (0 , 4) e. 

c. y-axis symmetry d. even x

− 

26. a. Do: x  −4 , Ra: y  0 27. a. Do: all reals Ra: y  −2

b. x-int. ( −4, 0 ) , y-int. ( 0, −2 ) b. x-int: (  3 2 , 0 ) y-int: (0 , -2)
c. no symmetry d. neither c. y-axis symmetry d. even
e. e. y
yx 

− − x
− 

−
−
 218

28. a. Do: x  2 Ra: all reals 29. a. Do:  −1.581,1.581 , Ra:  −2.236, 0
b. x-int: (0,0) y-int: (0 , 0) b. x-int. ( 1.581, 0 ) , y-int. ( 0, − 2.236 )
c. origin symmetry d. odd c. y-axis symm. d. even
e. y
e.


− 
x
− 

−
−

30. a. Do: all reals e. y

x
Ra: y  −5.750 

b. x-int: ( −.884 , 0 ) , (1.884 , 0) −

y-int: (0 , -5) −

c. no symmetry d. neither
−

31. odd 32. Neither

Additional Practice 0.4 page 29

5
34. sin  = cos  = tan  =
3 5 3
33. a. 3
b. −450 , ,
5
34 34

35. sin  = − 1
, cos  = −
2
, tan  =
1
5 5 2

36. sin  = cos  = − , tan  = − 3

3 1
, 37. x = 20 38. 0 39. 0 40. 3 41.
2 2
 5 7 11
− 2 45.  =
12
42. -2 43. 0 44. − 13 6
,
6
,
6
,
6
 2 4 5
46.  = 3
,
3
,
3
,
3

Additional Practice 0.5 page30

47. x = 1.097, 2.179
3 2 
48. amp. = , per. = , ph. sh. =
y
4 3 3
(right) 49. 
x
 
50. disc. at x = 0,  4 ,  2 , ...     

51. y = 2 tan ( 1
2
( x − 0)) + 1
 219

Additional Practice 0.6 and 0.7 page 30

52. f ( x ) = −e 53. g ( x ) = 2 ln ( x − 1)
−1 x −1 1


− −
− − 

−

p2 ln 5 + 3
56. ln x + ln ( y − 1) 58. x = 59. x = e2
1
54. -3 55. 7 57. log
2 q 3r 2

y (1,e )

60. a. Do: all reals, points ( 0,1) , (1, e ) , HA: y = 0 ( e ,1)

b. Do: x  0 , points (1, 0 ) , ( e ,1) , VA: x = 0 x

61. HA: y = −3 62. y = − ln ( x + 3) , VA: x = −3

 

−  − 

− −

1 3
63. x = 25
64. x = −1 65. x = 0,1 66. x = 3 67. 2

Assignment 1.1 page 35

1. −2 2. DNE 5. −2 6.  or DNE 10. − or DNE 13. 0
16. x = 1, 2 17. x = −3, 4 18. b. 0 d. x = 0 19. b. − or DNE g. − 1 i. x = −1
20. d. 3 e. 1 21. c.  or DNE e. ( −, −3) , ( −3,3) , ( 3,  ) 22. b. DNE
22. c. −2 f. every integer 27. 1 28. − 12 30. 0 32. 0 35. -1 37. − 2
38. a. −2 b. 2 c. DNE d. ( −,0 ) , ( 0,  ) 40. x  1

Assignment 1.2 page 39

1. 2 2. −5 4. 3 5. 1
10
9. − or DNE 11. 1
4
12. 4 13. −1 15. 2
1
16. 1 19. 1 20. 6 21. -2 23. − 25. 2 27. 2
30. b. .166 or .167
2 3
 220

35. x = 0 (removable), x = −1 (nonrem.) 36. x = −3 (removable) 39. x = 3 (rem.)

41. every even integer (nonrem.) 44. every integral multiple of 4 (nonremovable)
45. a = 2 50. c = 3 51. c = − 3

Assignment 1.3 page 43

3. x = 0 (even) 5. x = 2 (both odd) 7. − 8. DNE 9.  10. −1
12. DNE 13. − 15. −  17. a. 2 b. 2 20. 23 22. 4
3 23. − or DNE

24. −1 27. 2
2
29. 31. 2.718 32. x = 2 (nonremovable), x = −2 (removable)
3
34. x = 2 (nonremovable) 36. x = −2 (nonremovable) 37. a = 103
39. x = 1.414, 2 41. no, -1 is not between f ( −2 ) = 6 and f ( 2 ) = 2 45. 3
46. DNE 49. yes because f (1) = lim f ( x ) 50. no because f ( 3) = 3  lim f ( x ) = 2
x →1 x →3

Assignment 1.4 page 46

1. Do: x  0,1 2. Do: ( − , − 1) , (1,  ) 3. x-int: ( −2,0 ) (odd)
Hole: (1,0 ) (even) HA: y = 1 (1, 0 ) (even)
VA: x = 0 (odd) y-int: ( 0, 2 )
EB: like y = x
3

4. Do: x  −2 7. Do: x  1
VA: x = −2 (odd)
( x − 1) ( x 2 + 1)
x-int: ( 2,0 ) f red ( x ) =
x +1
y-int: ( 0, − 1) VA: x = −1 (odd) y-int: ( 0, − 1)
Hole: (1, 0 ) (odd) EB: like y = x
2
EB: HA y = 1

10. − 1 12. 1
15. −5 17. DNE 19. 2 20.  or DNE 21. 3 25. 0
4 4 7
26. 0 29. x = 2 (removable), x = −2 (nonremovable)
30. nonremovable discontinuity at every integral multiple of 1
2

Assignment 1.5 page 49

5 26 mi
1. a. b. − 2 c. 0 2. a. 5 3. 99.048 4. a. 5. 6 6. -4 8. DNE
3 129 min
5 1
9. -3 11. 2 13. 0 16. 2 17. a = 2
,b =
2
20. 3 22. -4 24. -3
25. DNE 27. -2 29. 2 30. x = 1 31. x = 2
 221

Assignment 1.6 page 51

1. 7 2. −6 3. − 1 4. DNE 5. 4 6.  or DNE 7. 2 8. 1 9. 0
6 4
1 1
10. 0 11. 11 12. 13. 14. 4 15. − or DNE 16. 0
8 4 2
3
17. − or DNE 18. 1 19. 5 20. 5 21. DNE 22. − 23. 0
4
2
24. 25. 1 26. 0 27. 0 28. DNE 29. 1 30. 3 31. 1 32. 0
2
33.  or DNE 34. x = −1 35. x = −2, 1 36. ( − , 0 ) , ( 0,1) , (1,  ) 37. x  −2
38.  y
39. 2 40. DNE 41. 6 42. 3 43. 2 44. x = 2
 45. a = −3, b = 4


x


46. Do: x  1 VA: x = −1 (odd) y

x
yred = x-int: ( 0, 0 ) (odd)
x +1
Hole: (1, ) 1
2
y-int: ( 0, 0 ) x

EB: HA y = 1
47. a. Yes, c = -2, b. No, c. Yes, c = 4 48. 15 49. -1 50. -2 51. 2
52. both limits are 10
( x + 2 ) ( x − 1)
2

53. a. D: x ≠ -1, 1, 2, 3 f red = Holes: (3, 12.5), (1,0) odd

( x + 1)( x − 2 )
2

VA: x = -1 odd, x = 2 even EB: y = 1 x-int (-2,0) even y-int: (0,-1)

53. b. D: (-∞,-3), (3,∞) VA: x = 3, x = -3 EB: y = −1, y = 1 x-int: (4,0)

Assignment 2.1 page 57

1. f  ( x ) = −3 2. f  ( x ) = 2 x 4. f  ( t ) = 3t − 12
1
3. f  ( x ) = −
2

( x − 1)
2

5. f  ( x ) = 0 6. f  ( 2 ) = 4 7. f  ( 2 ) = 4 8. f  ( 3) = − 1 9. f  (1) is undefined
9

10. y = 2x −1 11. dy
= 3x 2 12. f  ( x ) = 4 x , f  ( 4 ) = 16 13. f  ( 4 ) = 16
dx
5 2
15. − 3 18. x 2 21. 2x−3 22. x 3
2
 222

Assignment 2.2 page 61

1. y = 0 3. g  ( x ) = 3x f  ( t ) = −4t − 3 6. f  ( x ) = − 2 x − 2 7. f  (1) = −6
2
5.
3 5

9. h (1) = 3 10. f  ( 2 ) = −12 11. y = − 12 12. f  ( x ) = 2 x + 83

x x
−3
14. g  ( x ) = 3x + 1 17. f  ( t ) = 1 , t  0 19. y = − 23
2
15. y = − 1 x 2
2 3x
20. y = − 2 3 22. f  ( 4 ) = 1 23. f  ( 2 ) = − 1 25. f ( 5) ( 3) = 0
9x 4 2
28. y − 3 = 4 ( x − 2 ) 30. y − 2 = 1 ( x − 1) 31. y = 2 32. x = 1 33. x = 0,  3
2 2
35. ARC = 84 36. f  ( 3) = 81 38. y (1) = 1 39. x = 1 (sharp turn)
40. x = −1 (vert. asymp.), x = 0 (hole) 43. x = 0 (vert. tang.) 44. x = 1 (sharp turn)

Assignment 2.3 page 65

1
−
2. f  ( 3) = 667.447 or 667.448 4. f  ( x ) = x 2
+ 3e x 6. g  ( ) = 3cos 
7. f  ( x ) = + sin x
3
2
9. f  ( t ) = + cos t
3
t
11. g  ( ) = 1−

4
2 12. f  (1) = 6
 
14. h ( 2 ) = − 2e2 16. y − 12 = ( x − 8 )
10 1
15. f    = 4 −  18. x = 0
3
2 2

19. cos x 22. f  ( x ) = 6 x + 1 (using the limit definition)

23. f  ( 3) = 18 (using the alternate form) 25. f  ( x ) = 6 x 2 + 6 27. f  ( x ) = − x −5
6 x − 1, x  1
29. a. discontinuous at x = 1 b. f  ( x ) =  c. not differentiable at x = 1
5 , x  1
31. a. x = 2

Assignment 2.4 page 69

1. b. V ( 2 ) = 54 sec d. A ( 3) = 72 e. t = 1 sec f. V (1.5 ) = 33 sec h. 22.5 m
m m m
2
sec

2. a. t = 5 sec b. V (1) d. V ( 5 ) = 13 sec

ft ft
=5 3. b. t = −2.791, 1.791 sec
sec
4. c. slowing down (the slope of S is decreasing) 5. a. disp. = 50 cm
5. b. ( )
V 4 = 24
cm
min
d. t = 0,2 min e. TD = 58 cm f. Vavg = 10 min
cm

 t  7 c. 1  t  4
58 cm 1
5. g. avg. speed = 5 min 6. a. 4
9
7. a. t = 6.123 or 6.124 sec b. V ( 6.123) = −195.959 sec 8. f  ( x ) = 2 +
ft
x4
9. f  ( x ) = 8 x + 12 10. h ( t ) = 2cos t − t 12. f  ( 4 ) = 6 13. f  ( −8 ) = − 3
3 1

15. y = 2 16. y + 1 = −1( x − 1) 17. ( −1, 4 ) 20. f  (1) = 3 21. AROC = 4
 223

Assignment 2.5 page 71

1. f  ( x ) = 12 x + 6 x − 8
2
3. f ( x) =
(x 2
)
+ 2 2 − ( 2 x + 1) 2 x
4. f  ( x ) = 1, x  −2
(x )
2
2
+2
1 1
5 −
6. f  ( t ) = 1, t  0 8. f  ( x ) = 9. y = x 2 + x
3 1 2

( 3x − 2 )
2 2 2

− x sin x − 3cos x
10. f  ( x ) = 13. y = 8x 14. y − 2 = 1( x + 2 ) 15. x = 0,
1
x4 3

17. AROC = − 4 19. AROC = 0 20. a. g  ( x ) = x • f  ( x ) + f ( x ) 21. − 4

1 5

22.
dv
ds
( 4 ) = 48 23. moving left on − , 2 ( 5
) 26. t = 5 sec, h ( 5) = 73.5 ft 27. 0

29. TD = 66.5 m 30. b. V ( 7 )  40 sec d. V (10 ) = 50 sec f. just before t = 2 sec

ft ft

31. a. h ( 2 ) = 4

Assignment 2.6 page 75

− x csc x cot x − csc x
1. f  ( x ) = 1 − 3sec x tan x 3. g  ( x ) = 4. h ( ) = 5sec 2  − 2
x2
y 3 ( 2 y − sec y tan y ) − 3 y 2 ( y 2 − sec y ) − y 2 − y sec y tan y + 3sec y
7. f  ( y ) = =
y6 y4
free response answer multiple choice answer

e sin  − e cos  2
9. f  ( ) = 11. f  ( x ) = 2 12. f  ( t ) = 24t 2 − 48t + 18
sin 
2
5x
13. g  ()

4
=
− 2 + 4 2
8
14. f  ( 0 ) = 4 15. f  (1) = 6 16. h ( ) = 3

2

17. y + 3 = 4 x − ( 
6 ) 18. y + 2 = 4 x + ( 
4 ) 20. y −
3
4
= ( 3
2 )(
+4 x−

4 )
1  3
−
22. AROC =
1
2
23. f  ( )=

6
2 6 2
1
=
6 − 3
3
24. x = −2, 0 27. −1
4
29. 3
 224

Assignment 2.7 page 76

2 4
1 −3 1 −
f  ( x ) = 4x − 9x + 1
9
1.
3 2
2. f ( x) = x + x 3 3. f  (t ) = −
3 3 4t 4
t sec2 t − tan t ( x + 1)( −4 x ) − ( −2 x 2 )
4. y = 5. h ( ) = −2 sin  + cos  6. f ( x) =
( x + 1)
2
t2
7. y = 1, x  0 8. f  ( x ) = 36 − 54 x 9. g  ( t ) = 4 csc2 t
10. f  ( x ) = 2 x (using the limit definition) 11. f  ( 3) = 4 (using the alternate form)

2 (
x − e2 )
4
12. y = 6 x −4 + x −3 13. y − 3 = 3x 14. y − 8 = 15. y =  ( x −  )
e
b. − 4 17. a. v ( t ) = 6t − 6t b. a ( t ) = 12t − 6 c. t = 0,1
2
16. a. 22 c. 4
1 3
17. d. 0  t  1 e. t = 2, −1 f. v   = g. disp. = 32 h. TD = 34
2 2

18. a. 85.722 or 85.723 b. 7.687 c.

− 

−

b. f  (1) = −
1 8
19. a. AROC = − 20. a. yes b. no, sharp turn
3 9
21. a. yes b. no, vertical tangent 22. a. yes b. no, sharp turn 23. a. no b. no, jump
24. a. yes b. yes 25. ( 0,3) , ( 2, − 1)

Assignment 3.1 page 80

1
2
1. y = 9 ( 3x + 5) 3. y = − 2 ( 2 − 3x ) 4. f  ( t ) =
2 3 −
2
(1 − t )
3

3
5
6. g  ( x ) = 6 x ( 2 x + 3) + ( 2 x + 3) 7. y = − 2 ( x + 1) 8. f  ( x ) =
2 3 1 −
2
( x + 1)
2

1
9. g  ( x ) = 4sec ( 4 x ) tan ( 4 x ) 11. f  ( ) = 3sin ( 3 ) cos ( 3 ) 12. y = 2 x ( 2 x − 1)
−
2

13. y − 2 = −1( x + 1)
8
15. y − 27 = −
16
9 (x − ) 1
4
 1
 4


1
16. y −  2 + 1 = − 3 ( x − 2 )
4
20. g  (1) = 48
5  1 
4 ( 2sin x − 3) ( 2cos x )  ,8  ,  , −8  21. a. −5 c.
3
17. 19. 2
2  2 
22. y − 3.737 = 4.105 ( x − 1.2 ) or y − 3.737 = 4.106 ( x − 1.2 )
24. disp. = −4.5 , TD = 5.916 or 5.917
 225

Assignment 3.2 page 83

1. f  ( x ) = 5e 3. h ( t ) = 5t −2t ( 2t − 2 ) ln 5
5 x +1
4. y = 6. y = 2e 2sin x cos x
2 5
x
2 1 3x 2 + 2
8. f  ( x ) = 6 x 2e3 x + 4 xe3 x 11. y = − 13. f  ( x ) =
x x −1 x3 + 2 x
3t 2 − 1
15. g  ( t ) = 2 •
tan x
16. h ( x ) =
1 d2y
+ ln x sec2 x 17. = 3e−3 x + 8e2 x
t3 − t x dx 2

18. y − 1 = −2 ( x − 1) 20. a. h ( 0 ) = 220 ft c. V ( 3) = 118 sec

ft

m m
21. b. Avg. Speed = 9.259 sec
e. 10 sec g. between 80 and 90 m
22. t  −3 or t  1 23. f is a cubic, f  is a parabola, and f  is a line

26. -1 28. 3 29. 0

Assignment 3.3 page 85

x y y sin x
1. y = − 2. y = − 3. y  = −
dy
4. =−
y x x dx 4 cos ( 2 y )
3 x 2 − 2 xy 3 − y sec2 ( xy )
6. y =
dy
7. =
3x 2 y 2 + 1 dx x sec2 ( xy ) − 2 y
dy y − 3x 2 3x 2 − y dy dy 2x 2 xy dy 4e
8. = = ; =5 9. = = y ; = 2
dx −x x dx (1,−2 ) dx e +
y 1 ye + 1 dx ( e,2) 2e + 1
y
2 y − 3x 2
; y (1,1) = 1
1
10. y = 11. y = − 1 ; y ( 0,0) does not exist
1− 2x sec ( x + y ) tan ( x + y )
x 3 2x + 2 y
12. y = − ; y ( 3, − 4 ) = 14. y = 15. y − 5 =
12
( x + 12 )
y 4 x2 5

16. ( 0,3) , ( 0, − 1) 17. ( 8 ,1 ) 18.

dy
dx (1,3)
=
3
8
19.
dV
dr
( 4 ) = 64

28. V (1) = 0 sec , V ( 2 ) = 1 sec

m m
20. 0 22. 0 23. DNE 25. x = −3,1, 2
2 2x +1
30. f  ( x ) = 3x 2 x ln 3 −
2
29.
x2 ln 3 ( x 2 + x )
 226

Assignment 3.4 page 88

dy dy
1. = 18 2. = 24
dt dt
Write sentence answers for 3-12.
2 2
dA cm dC cm dr 9 ft dA in
3. a. = 24 b. = 6 4. = 5. a. = 120
dt sec dt sec dt 8 min dt sec
3 2
dV in dy 3 cm da 9 ft dA 21 ft
5. b. = 150 6. = 7. a. =− b. =
dt sec dt 50 min dt 8 sec dt 8 sec
2
d 3 radians dA 8 inft dh
7. c. increasing, no d. = 8. = 160 9. =
dt 16 sec dt min dt 225 min
yd ft ln ( 2 x + 5 ) 2 3 3x + 1
12. −11.180
ft
10. −49.615 11. 5 14. y = +
sec 2
2x + 5
sec sec
3x + 1 3 ( )
b. f  ( 3) =
2
15. y = 16 16. a. AROC = 0 17. a. 0 b. 0 c. yes
3
18. a. 1 b. 1 c. yes 20. a. 0 b. 0 c. no 22. y = 6 x −4 − 16sin ( 4 x ) 24. 20

Assignment 3.5 page 92

2
c. f  ( x ) = 3x , g  ( x ) = 3 ( x + 1) d. f  (1) = 3 , g  ( 0 ) = 3
−
1. a. g ( x ) = 3 x + 1
2 1 3
1

1. e. They are reciprocals. 2. a g ( x ) = x − 1, x  0

1
2. c. f  ( x ) = , g ( x ) = 2x
2

2 x +1
3 1 1 1 1
3. a. not possible b. c. 5 4. 5. 5
6. 13
8. 9. 1
4 4 11
10. g  ( t ) = 24t csc2 ( 3t 2 ) 12. f  ( x ) = esec x sec x tan x

e x • 2 x − x 2e x 2 x − x2
15. f  ( x ) = 17. 8 ( 6 − 3) 6 ln 6
d2y −3
3
14. = 20 x + 2 x
3
=
2x 2x

(e )
2
dx2 x
ex

dy 2t cos ( t ) − ye
2 t
cos x 2x
18. 3 = 3cot x 19. = 20. y = +2
sin x dt et cos ( y − 2 x )
21. a. y ( −2 ) = − e cm b. v ( t ) = te + e e. a ( −2 ) = 0
2 t +1 t +1 cm
23. .471 or .472
sec 2
25. 4 27. −1 28. 2 cm
sec
 227

Assignment 3.6 page 97

  2 2 
1. 3
2. − 4 3. 3
5. −1.249 7. −.339 or − .340 9. − 3 11. 0 12. 3
3 6
17. y =
3
13. x = 4 14. x = 1 15. cos y = 5 16. sin x =
10 1 + 9 x2
−e − y 3 t − x2
19. g  ( y ) = 20. h ( t ) = 21. + 2 x arccos x
( ) 1− e −y
2
(
2 1+ t3 ) 1 − x2

−2sin ( ln t ) 2
−2cos t sin t
23. y = 25. g  ( t ) = 27. y = −3x cos ( −3x ) + sin ( −3x )
t t

28. h ( y ) = 3 ( ln ( sec y ) ) tan y

2
29. y

=−

()
+
4 4 2
2
2
31. x = − 4 ,
 3
4

3
32. a = −2, b = −1 33. b. 12 16 c. 12 − 12 • 2−5 = 11 5 34. 1.528 or 1.529
8

Assignment 3.7 page 98

1
( ) ( 2 x − 1)
−
2. g  ( x ) = 3x ( x − 1) + ( x − 1) 4. g  ( t ) = −t e + 3t e
1
1. y = 2 x − x
2 2 3 3 −t 2 −t
2

( ( )) 2x
2
dy 2
5. = 12 log 6 x 2 + 1 6. y =
dx
( )
x + 1 ln 6
2
(1 + 4 x ) arctan ( 2 x )
2

( (
8. g  ( x ) = 3 ln arcsin x )) • 2x
2
2 1
7. f  ( x ) = ln x • + arctan ( 2 x ) •
2

1 + 4x 2
x 1 − x arcsin x 2 4

−t 2 ( v − 1) −2 x + y
9. x = 10. y = 11. y = − x − 2 12. y =
1 + ( v − 1) −x + 2 y
4
1− t2

13. y + 2 = 1( x − 1) 14. y = 1 15. a. 11 b. −1 c. 15 d. 35

18. 
1 1 1 dx cm
16. 4 17. 0 19. 20. 13
21. 4
22. = 16
4 3 dt sec
2 x2
− ln x 2 − 1
26. x − 1 2
3 ft 3 2
25. y = 2e
−1 −1
23. a. − 2 24. 1 + 4 x 2e x
2 2
x
hr
b. 6 hours
19 x
y
+1 y+x
27. y = = 1
x
28. a. −1 b. − 2
3 y − ln x
2
3 xy − x ln x
2

29. y = 0 30. y = cx c −1 31. y = c x ln c 32. not possible with current techniques

 228

Assignment 4.1 page 103

1. a. y = −3x + 6 b. f (1.1)  2.7 c. f (1.1) = 2.669 2. b. y = 2x −1

3. 26  5.1 4. f ( 3.1)  29.1 6. y  22.05 7. a. A  65 sq. in.
8. f ( 8.01)  2 1200
1
( 2 16 )
3
9. y  1.984 or 1.985 11. a.  10
12. a. At 1 pm the velocity of the car is 20 miles per hour. b. 20, Between 4 and 5 pm the
car is accelerating at the rate of 20 miles per hour per hour. c. 10 miles per hour, 25 miles
mi mi
per hour d. 20 2 , 0 2 13. a. Three miles from the trailhead the density of hikers is
hr hr
30 hikers per mile. b. Three miles from the trailhead the density of hikers is decreasing at
1 cm
the rate of 6 hikers per mile per mile. c. 29.4 hikers per mile 14. 2
e sec
−2 2 4e 2x
1
15. AROC = 16. y = 17. f  ( x ) =
 1+ e 4x
arcsin x 1 − x 2
1
1 −
2
y e y
• y 2
−e y
• 2y ex
20. f  ( y ) = 2 21. f  ( x ) = + e x ln x
y4 x
1
1 −
23. g  ( y ) =
1 y
22. f  ( x ) = 2
• =−
3 x −1 1 − ln y y (1 − ln y )
 2x +1 
24. y =  + 2ln x  y 1 3
25. a. b. DNE c. d. 0
 x  6 2

Assignment 4.2 page 106

6. −1
1 2
1. 0 2. 4 3.  or DNE 4. 8. 4 10. 3
11. 0 13. 1
2
2 xy
23. y =
1
15. 0 16. 1 17. 2 18. 19. 1.000
2 y−2
3x 2 −3 x 2 + 2 x + 6 dy −2 x + 2 y
24. y = + 3x 2 + 2 25. y = 26. =
(x + 2) −2 x + 1
2
3x 2 + 2 2 dx
27. a. 7 b. −12 c. −10 28. a = 3, b = −5 29. ( 2,13) 30. a. v ( t ) = 6t 2 − 6t − 1
30. b. v ( 0 ) = −1 sec c. a ( t ) = 12t − 6 d. a ( 3) = 30 e. v (1) = 1 sec
cm cm cm
2
sec

30. f. ( −.145sec,1.145sec ) g. 2 cm h. 6.151 or 6.152 cm i. t  2 sec

1

30. j. ( −, −.145sec ) , ( 1

2
sec,1.145sec ) 31.
dx
dt
=−
4 cm
3 sec
This means the particle is
4 cm
moving leftward at the rate of 3 sec
.
 229

Assignment 4.3 page 111

  5 3
8. x = −2
3
1. 3 3. x = 0, 4,5 5. x = 2
6. x = 0,8 9. x = , , ,
6 2 6 2
9
10. max. f = 10, min. f = − 11. max. f = 8, min. f = 0
4
13. max. f = 2, min. f = 0 15. max. f = −3 , min. f = −15
2 5
16. max. f = , min. f = 0 17. max. f = , min. f = -1
3 4
19. max. value = 3, min. value = 0 21. no max. value, min. value = 0
3
24. c = 2 25. c = 2
26. MVT does not apply. f is not diff. at x = 0 (sharp turn)
8 
27. c = 27
30. c = 1 31. c = 33. c = −.215, 1.548 or 1.549 34. c = 2.414
2
3 2
36. b. t = 2
sec 37.
4

Assignment 4.4 page 114

1. a. ( − , − 2 ,  2,  ) b.  −2, 2 c. ( 2, − 4 ) d. ( −2, 4 )
3. a.  −2, 0 ,  2,  ) b. ( − , − 2 , 0, 2 c. ( 2,0 ) d. ( 0, 4 )
5. a. ( − , − 2 ,  0,  ) b.  −2, 0 c. x = 0 d. x = −2
7. problem 2 9. a.  4,  ) b. ( − , 4 c. ( 4, − 16 ) d. none
10. a. ( − ,1 b. 1,  ) c. none d. (1,8 )

12. a. ( − , 0 , 1,  ) b.  0,1 c. (1, 10 ) d. ( 0,1)

1

13. a. ( − ,  ) b. none c. none d. none

14. a. none b. ( − , − 3) , ( −3,3) , (3,  ) c. none d. none
16. a. ( − , − 1) , ( −1,  ) b. none c. none d. none


 
5
18. a.  0, 6  ,  6 , 2
 )
 5

5 5
b.  6 , 6  c. 6 , 12 − ( 2
3
) d. (  
,
6 12
+
2
3
)
20. a. .936,  ) b. ( −,.936 c. x = .936 d. none 21. yes 23. no
24.  0sec, 2sec ) 26. a. never 27. a = −4 , b = 0
28. max. f = 73, min. f = −7 32. c = −.333 33. 2

Assignment 4.5 page 118

1. a. ( − ,1) b. (1,  ) c. (1, 0 ) ( −2, 2 ) b. ( − , − 2 ) , ( 2,  )
2. a. c. none
4. a. ( −2,1) , ( 4, 6 ) , (8,9 ) b. ( 6,8) c. ( 6,1)
5. a. ( − , 0 ) , ( 2,  ) b. ( 0, 2 ) c. ( 0, 2 ) , ( 2, − 14 )
 230

6. a. ( 3 7
4
,
3
) 7
b.  0, 4 , 4 , 2  c.
4   )( ( 3
4
,0 ), ( 7
4
,0 )
8. a. none b. ( − , 0 ) , ( 0,  ) c. none

(  5
) b. 0, ) , ( 5   
, 2  c.   , − +   ,  5 −25 2 5 
2
9. a. , , + 
6 6 6 6   6 72 3
  6 72 3

10. rel. max. (0,6) rel. min. (2,2) 11. rel. max. 3, ( 101
4 ) rel. min. (0,5)

12. rel. max. ( 5)

2
,( 1) rel. min.
3
2
, 13. rel. max. at x = −3 , rel. min. at x = 3
( −1,12 )

15. rel. min. at ( 0, −1) , PI at ( −1, )

 y
−2 

e
16. 
 ( 1 3
,− )
concave down ( f  (.523) = −.013 )
2 2
x
19. − −
−
   

max. f = 8, min. f = −1
−
20. 21. c = 3 −

22. a = 1, b = 0, c = −3, d = 2 −

− ( 2 , − 15)
24. <

Assignment 4.6 page 120

1. y  5 2. y  2.6 3. a. s ( t )  60t + 240 b. mile 360 c. mile 150 d.  −4 , 3 hours
3 1
4. 0 5. 4
6.  7. 0 8. 5 9. 10. −
 4 2
2
11. Abs. Max. f = 3
, Abs. Min. f = −6 12. Abs. Max. g =14, Abs. Min. g = 0

13. MVT does not apply. (V.A. at x = 0) 14. c = 3 + 3 = 4.732

15. MVT does not apply. (Sharp turn at x = 3)
16. a. rel. max. at x = −1 , rel. min. at x = 3, P.I. at x = 1
16. b. rel. max. at x = −1 , rel. min. at x = 1, P.I. at x = 0,  1
2
17.a. 0 b. -1 c. y  −2 d. The approximation is an overestimate since the second
derivative is negative. e. relative maximum by the second derivative test since the first
derivative is zero and the second derivative is negative.
18. Min. point: ( 3, − 4 ) , Max. point: ( 3, 2 ) 19. a = , b = −2
1
2
20. a. 3.198, 4 ) or 3.199, 4 ) b. local min at x = 3.198 or 3.199

21. a ( 5) = −3 ft 2 22. speed ( 6 ) = 3

ft
20. c. PI at x = .483, 2.012, 3.849
sec sec

23.  0,5 ) seconds 24.  0, 2 ) sec, ( 6, 7  sec 25. 0, 2 ) sec, (5, 6 ) sec 26. 5 seconds

27. a. t  0 b. −3  t  0, t  3 c. −44 d. 64
ft 2
28. The area is decreasing at the rate of 600 .
min
 231

Assignment 5.1 page 124

1. rel. max. pt. ( 0,5 ) rel. min. pt. ( 2,1) PI (1,3) 2. no rel. extrema, PI ( 0,1)
3. rel. min. pt. ( 3, − 11) PI ( 0,16 ) , ( 2, 0 ) 4. y
x

6. rel. min. pt. ( 0, 0 ) , P.I. ( 1, ) ,1

2
−
−
 

E.B. horiz. asymp. y = 2 −

7. Do: x  0 , rel. max. pt. ( −1, − 1) , rel. min. pt. (1,1) , −

1
− (1, − 9 )
V. A. x = 0 (odd), E. B. like y = 2 x
9. Do: −3  x  3 , x-int. ( 3, 0 ) , rel. max. pt. ( 0,3)
10. y
 
 , 2
 4 
11. Rel. Min. at ( 0, − 1) , (
P.I. at −1, − e
2
)
 12. Do.: x  0 , Rel. Min. pt.: (1,1) , no P.I.
x

−
  

 5



15.a. ( 0, − 3) , ( 0,1) 16. ( 8 , −1 )
 ,− 2  21. (A) − 3 , (G) 1
2
 4  17. B

Assignment 5.2 page 127

 y y
1.  y 4. 5. x 6. 
x − 

x − 
−
−  − 
−

−
9. f   f  11. f 

−  − 
− 
− −

− These f graphs could be shifted vertically.

12. V.A.: x = 4, − 2 , H.A.: y = 0 , Rel. Max. pt.: 1, − 9 ,( 1

) no Rel. Min.

13. Rel. Min. pt.: (1, − 27 ) , no Rel. Max., P.I.: ( 2, − 16 ) , ( 4, 0 )

14. Rel. Max. pt.: ( 0 , − 5) , Rel. Min. pt.: ( 2, − 9 ) 16. c = 4
3
17. abs. min. f = −18 , abs. max. f = 14 19. a = 2, b = −12, c = 16
 232

Assignment 5.3 page 130

1. a. ( −, −3 and  2, 4 because g   0 b.  −3, 2 and  4,  ) because g   0
c. x = −3, 4 because g  changes from negative to positive
d. ( −, −2 ) , ( 0,1) , and ( 3,  ) because g  is increasing
e. x = −2,0,1,3 because g  changes between increasing and decreasing
2. a. ( −3,  ) because g   0 b. x = −3 because g  changes sign
3. a.  −3,  ) because f   0 d. x = 1, 3 because f  has relative extrema
e. none because f  is never positive and increasing
4. f. 0 g. DNE because f  has a vertical tangent h. 6
1
5. x = 1 nonremovable, x = 2 removable 8. 9. DNE 10. 0
4
9
11. max f = , min f = -4
4

12. a. 2389 or 2390 people b. 481.009 people c. (9.210 , 500.000)

day

( 2
)
13. V. A.: x = 3 (odd), Rel. Max. pt.: 0, − 9 , no Rel. Min., H. A.: y = 1

( ) (
14. V.A.: x = 2 (even), x-int.: ( −1, 0 ) (odd), y-int.: 0 , 4 , Rel. Min. pt.: −4 , − 12 , H.A: y = 0
1 1
)
17. c = −1.190 or −1.191

Assignment 5.4 page 133

1. The numbers are both 10. 2. The rectangle’s length and width are both 9 cm.
3. The rectangle’s length and width are both 20 ft. 4. x = 30 ft., y = 40 ft.
5. x = 9 ft., y = 6 ft. 6. x = 2 in. 7. ( )
3,
3
2
9.
dV
dt
= 324
in3
min
10. 375 mph
11. f. x = 0, 4,5 l. x = 0, 2, 4,5

Assignment 5.5 page 135

1. The first number is 30 and the second is 10. 2. The first number is 24.5 and the
second is .5. 3. The first number is 0 and the second is 25. 4. x = 400 m, y = 800 m
5. x = .606 ft or .607 ft 6. V = 4.104 ft 3 7. 18 , 18 8. 36 ( )
9. length = 20 cm, width = 20 cm, height = 10 cm 10. Rel. Max. pt.: ( −1,13) ,
10. no Rel. Min., P. I.: ( 0, 2 ) , ( 2, − 14 ) 11. Rel. Max. pt.: (1,1) , Rel. Min. pt.: ( 0, 0 ) ,

11. Concave Down: ( − , 0 ) , ( 0,  )

1
14. g  ( x ) =
( 2 x + 3)
2
 233

Assignment 5.6 page 136

1. abs. max. value of y is 5, Abs. min. value of y is -14.238
2. Do.: x  0 y 3. x-int: ( 0, 0 ) ( 3, 0 ) y

V. A.: x = 0 (odd) y-int: ( 0, 0 ) 

(
x-int.: − 2 , 0 3
) rel. max. pt.: ( 2, 4 )
no y-int. rel. min. pt.: ( 0, 0 ) 

E. B.: like y = x 2
x
and ( 3, 0 )
Rel. Min. pt.: (1,3) P. I.: (1, 2 ) x
−  
no Rel. Max.
(
P. I.: − 3 2 , 0 )
4. Do.: −4  x  4 , 
y ( 8 ,8 )
x-int.: ( 0, 0 )( odd ) , ( 4, 0 ) , 

y-int.: ( 0, 0 ) , ( −4 , 0 ) 
x

( 8 ,8) ,
− −  

− ( 4 , 0)
Rel. Max. pt.: −

Rel. Min. pt.: ( − 8 , − 8) ,

−

(− )
−
8 ,− 8

P.I.: ( 0, 0 )
y

5. x-int.: ( 0,0) , ( )
3 ,0 ( all odd ) ,


( 0, 0 ) , ( −1, 2 ) ,
x

y-int.: Rel. Max. pt.: − 

Rel. Min. pt.: (1, − 2 ) , ( 0, 0 ) −

P.I.:

y
6. 
7. 





x
 

−  
−

8. 4 by 8 9. Both numbers are 1. 10. 180,000 yd 2

 234

11. a.  −3, 3 because h  0 b. x = 3 because h changes from negative to positive.

c. ( −2, −1) and ( 2,  ) because h is increasing
d. x = −2, −1 because h changes between increasing and decreasing
e. ( −, −3) because h is positive and decreasing
f.  0, 2 because h is negative and horizontal
1
g. 102 h.
2
12. local maximum by the second derivative test 13. 70 feet 14. a = 2, b = 4, c = 4
15. c = 2.877 16. MVT does not apply. (sharp turn at x = 0)
dy x− y 39
17. a. = b. increasing c. y  40 d. upward e. underestimate since y ( 2,1)  0
dx x + 2 y 3

18. a. .108,9.869 or .109,9.869 b. x = .108 or .109 c. g  ( x ) = 6 x 2 − 0.1e x + 1

d. ( −,8.338) or ( −,8.339) e. x = 8.338 or 8.339
19. a. rel. max. b. The abs. max. value of f is at x = 3. The abs. min. value of f is at either
x = 0 or x = 5.
20. a. ( −2,0 ,  2,3) because f  ( x )  0
b. x = 0 because f  ( x ) changes from negative to positive
c. ( −2, −1) because f  ( x ) is increasing
d. x = −1 because f  ( x ) has a relative maximum (because f  ( x ) changes from inc. to dec)
dx 1
21. = 24 units per sec. 22.
dt 19

Assignment 6.1 page 142

5 3
1 4 x3 x 2 4 1
1. − 2 + C 2. 5 t 4 + C 3. − − 2 x + C 4. 3 y 2 + C 6. − + C
2x 3 2 3x
1
1 4 3 1 −1
7. − + C 10. 3t 3
− 30t 2
+ 100t + C 11. 3 x − x − x + C 12. 2t − 2t 2 + C
9x 2
3 3
14. f ( x ) = x − 2 x + 2 x − 4 15. y = + t + 6 16. a. y = 2 x 2 + C b. y = 2 x 2 − 16
3 2 3
t
17. g ( x ) = 3 x − 2 x − 5 x − 6 19. a. v ( t ) = 3t − 4t + 5 c. s ( t ) = t − 2t + 5t − 2
1
3 2 3 7 2 3 2

3
 3t , 0  t  4
20. c. s ( t ) = 22. a. v ( t ) = 
2 2
t + t − 7 21. t = 10 sec
3
12, t4
 3 t 2 , 0t 4  y
22. c. s ( t ) =  2 e. 10.333 sec 23. 
12t − 24, t4 
x
− −  
−
500 yd. fence
 235

25. Do.: x  1 , V.A.: x = 1 (odd), no hole, x-int.: ( 0, 0 ) (even), y-int.: ( 0, 0 ) ,

E.B.: H.A. y = 1
26. y − 4 = 3 ( x − 8 ) 27. y = −2 x3 − 6 x 2 + 2
1

Assignment 6.2 page 144

3
2
5. 2e + x + C 6. x4 − ex + C
1
1. tan  − 2 + C 3. sin x+C x
3
2
5
6x 2 −3 5x
8. + x +C 9. 3tan x + x + C 10. − csc x + C 12. +C
ln 6 3 ln 5
13. a. a ( t ) = 4cos t + 6t b. x ( t ) = −4cos t + t 3 + 7
1
14. y + = 3 x −
2 ( 
6 )
15. y = 2 ( x − 1) 16. y + 2 = − 2 x − ( 
4 ) 17. y = 4x + 4

18. y − .986 = −.272 ( x − .821) or y − .986 = −.273 ( x − .821) 19. −1 21. 2

23. f  ( x ) = e 24. h ( ) = −2 sin  + cos  25. g  ( t ) = 24t csc2 ( 3t 2 )
sec x
sec x tan x
3cos x 1
26. sin x
28. 1
29. 3
31. c = −1 + 3 = .732 Tangent and secant lines have the
4
same slope.

Assignment 6.3 page 147

( )
−5
1
(3x − 2)
6 1
( 5t − 3) 2
9
1. +C 2. +C 3. − 4 − x3 + C 5. −
1
x3 + 2 +C
6 45 3 3

( )
−4
( )
1 11
8. − 16 2 x − 4 x +C 2
6. 6 1 − v + C t −4 +C
2
9.
11
2 2
3
10. x 3 + C or
3
10
(5x ) 3 + C 11.
4 3
3
u + 2u 2 + u + C or
1
6
( 2u + 1)
3
+C
23 5
5 3 1
3
16. − cos ( ) + C
6 2
13. x + + C 14. 5
x 2 + x 2 − 4x 2 + C
3
x
5 3
18.
1
2
sec ( 2 x − 1) + C 20.
1
3
( cot t )
−3
+C 21. 12 ( x + 1) 2 − 20 ( x + 1) 2 + C

( ) + 4( )
3 1
1
x −1
1
x −1 +C
1
(1 − x ) + 13 (1 − x ) + C
5
2 2 12 13
22. 8 2 2
23. 4
2 3
25. y = 2 ( x 2 − 3) 2 + 3 26. f ( x ) = 3 sin ( 3x ) + 3
9 71 1 5
24. − 2 x 3 + 3x − 2

( ) +5
3
28. a. a ( t ) = 9 t − 3 b. y ( t ) =
2 2 1
t −1 e. at all times f. 8
3

30. a. ( 0, 0 ) , ( 0, 4 ) b. ( 2 ,2 ) 31. f ( 2.1)  7.9 34. f  ( 2 ) = 4

 236

Assignment 6.4 page 152

1. 3 2. − 4. 8 − 2 5. 4 + 2 6. ( 16
3
+8 − ) ( 2
3
+2 = ) 32
3

7. a. − 4 b. 5 8. a. 2 9. − 2 10.
1
10
11. 1
12. (1 + 1) − ( 12 + 8 ) =−
13
2
2

14. ( 3
5
3
• 32 + • 4
2 )−( 3
5
+
3
2 )= 231
10
15.
1
3
16. 2 17. 0 18. 2 3

19.
1 48
6
e
1
−6 20.
317 − 35
6ln 3
21. 3
4
22. 6 23. ( −8
3
+8 ) + (( 64
3
− 16 −) ( − 8) )
8
3
=16

24. (− 1
2
2−4 +
2
5 ) (
2−5 − − +
1
2
2
5 ) =
13
160
25. 3
7
+
3
4
=
33
28
26. 2.484 or 2.485

29. a. 20.533 or 20.534 b. 23.533 or 23.534 31. c. −3 f. 18 g. 22

33. 18 34. −1

Assignment 6.5 page 155

4. − (1 − x ) 5. −2 x (1 − x ) (3a )
4 1 6 1
1. x2 − x + 1 −1 −
4 2
2
7. 26
36 36
8. a. g  ( x ) = 2 f ( 2 x ) c. g has a rel. min. at x = − 1 because f ( 2 x ) changes from neg. to pos.
1 1
8. e. −16 9. 2 10. 2ln5 12. ln x2 −1 + C 13. x 2 − ln x + C
2 2
2
14. 2ln y 2 − 3 y + 2 + C 16.
9
( u2 +1 ) 3 +C 18. −
1
+C
2 (1 + ln x )
4 4

ln t − 1
19. ln sin y − 2 + C sin ( 5x ) + C 25. y =
1
21. ln 24. 6.732
( ln t )
5 2

3
26. f  ( y ) = 28. 3cot x 30. 12 31. a = 2, b = 4, c = 4
1+ 9 y2
91    
33. c = 27
= 3.370 34. − 6 35. 2
36. − 4 37. 4

Assignment 6.6 page 158

 2t +1  ln x 
1. 
1 4
2. 3. − 2 + ln 2 4. arctan +C 6. sin −1   +C
12 30 2 2  4 
 t −5 3
7.
1
tan −1   +C 8. 
9.
2
3
( arctan  ) 2 + C 11. 5x − 5arctan x + C
7  7  6

12. x − 2 x − 2 ln x + 1 + C
−2 y
13. − ln e − 1 + C or 2 y − ln 1 − e + C
2 2y

14. arctan 3 − 2 ln ( t + 9 ) + C
t 1 e−2 v
15. − +C
2
arctan
2 3 3

( ) ( ) 18. −2 x sin ( 2 x )
5 2 1 1
16.
2 3
3x + 1 −
1 3
3x + 1 + C 2
19. e− = .859
15 3 2 2
 237

1
− 1
20. g  ( y ) =
y 2 xy
=− 21. y = 23. a. 8 ft. by 9 ft. b. 72 ft 2
1 − ln y y (1 − ln y ) y−2

Assignment 6.7 page 160

1. a. 2 (1 + 3 + 1 + 3) = 16 b. 1( 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 3 + 3) = 15

1. c. 1(1 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 3 + 3 + 3) = 18 2. 2 ( 8 + 12 + 17 + 15 + 12 + 6 ) = 140

4. 4 • 1 + 4 • 5 + 4 • 3 + 4 • 13

7. 3 ( 3
−3 −
1
2 ) + 1( 3
0−
1
2 ) + 1( 3
1−
1
2 ) + 3( 3
2−
1
2 ) = 3( 3
−3 −
1
2 ) + 3( 3
2−
1
2 )
3
9. 4 ( −2) + 6 • 4 = 16
2
12. 1.486 13. x 14. −2 2x 16. 3
x2
2 2

 (y )
3 3
 2 x 3 dx or 2 2 x 3 dx
3 52
18. 20. 2
+ 1 dy 21. 22. 3.5
−3 0 −2 3

23. 
6
24. 2sin −1 x2 + C 25.
1
2
ln (x 2
)
+ 16 + arctan + C
5
4
x
4

28. y − 2ln y + 2 + C
5 cm
26. 2 x − 1 − 2 arctan x − 1 + C 29. 18 sec

Assignment 6.8 page 164

( 5 + 2 • 12 + 2• 28 + 2• 34 + 2• 15 + 2• 25 + 20 )
9
1. 2 + 5 + 2 2. 1
•1 = 126.5
2

3.
3
2 ( 3
−3 − 2 − 2 +
1 1
) (− 1
2
1
2
+ 1− 2 +
1
) (1 −1
2
1
2
+ 3 2− 2 +
1
) ( 3
2
3 1
2− 2+ 35−
1
2 )
 f ( x ) dx (Other answers are possible if the function is shifted
5
4. 9.76 7. 48 9.
2

(( )) ( ( ))
n n
10. lim  f 1 + k • n 11. lim  sin 2 +
4 4 2k 2
horizontally)
n → n n → n n
k =1 k =1


( ) + 1 5
n 2
15. lim    16. 2sin 4 ( 2 x )
5

5k 2
x dx
n
13. 20. 8 21.
k =1   
3 n → n 3

t−2
(x )
3 1
1 6 4
22.
2
− 2x + C 23.
2
y − 2y + C
2 2
24. tan −1 +C
12 3 5 5
1 3x sin t
26. e + e − x − e −2 x + C + C 28. 1 + 2 ln 2 29. 6 + 
27. arcsin
3 5
30. a. reverse ( 0, 2 ) , forward ( 3,10 ) , at rest  2,3 b. Six minutes after the start of the
test drive the car’s velocity was 6000 feet per minute. d. 2000 ft/min/min f. ( 9,10 )
h. 29,000 ft i. 31,000 ft
 238

Assignment 6.9 page 166

4

( 2x + 1) 3 + C
5 3
9
1.
9
16
2
2.
1
10
( 2t + 1) 2 − 16 ( 2t + 1) 2 + C 3.
3
2
x2 − 2x − + C
x
 x −3 
1 3
+ sec ( − 1) + C
4. 25x + C 5. tan −1   +C 6. ln sin y − 2 + C 7.
 3  3

( )
5
tan x −1 4 4 124
8. 8 x − 16ln x +2 +C 9. e +C 10. cos e + C −t
11. • 16 4 − =
15
15 15
4
1 1 
12. ln 5 13.
3
4
−
3
4
( ln 2 ) 3 14. − + 15.
1
2
16. 6 − 2 3 17.
3
3ln 3 ln 3
18. 6.294 or 6.295 19. 6 20. 1 21. 2 22. cos ( 2 x + 1) − 3x cos ( 2 x + 1)
2 2 2 3

e x +5
2

25.a. 5 • 3 + 2 • 8 + 1 • 2 + 4 ( −2 ) = 25
1
23. f ( x ) = +C 24. x ( t ) = − t 2 −t + C
2 e
25.b. 5 • 0 + 2 • 3 + 1• 8 + 4 • 2 = 22

25.c .
1
2
•5 ( 0 + 3) + 12 • 2 ( 3 + 8) + 12 • 1( 8 + 2 ) + 12 • 4 ( 2 − 2 ) =
47
26.  (3x + 2) dx
5

2 4

( ) + 5 ( 2 + ) 

 n 2
5
27. lim    2 2 + 
5k 5k 3
cos x dx
n
28.
k =1   
n → n n 0

y
29.I. y 29. II. 






x x
− 
− 

matches with c matches with b

29. III. y 29. IV.

 y
 


x x
−  − 

matches with d matches with a

(x ) (x )
2 2 2 2
 x 3 + x dx = 2  + x dx  x 2 + 5 x + 6 dx =  + 5 x + 6 dx
3 2
30.a. I II
−2 0 −2 −2

(−x ) (x )
2 1 2
 x 2 + 5 x − 6 dx =  − 5 x + 6 dx +  + 5 x − 6 dx
2 2
III
−2 −2 1
2
30.b. IV  −2
x + 1 dx = 5

31. f  ( 4 ) = 24.250 32. 349.621 33. x = .488 or  .489 34. an asymptote

 239

Assignment 7.1 page 171

2 1
1. y 3 + 3 y = x3 − x + C 2. y = −2e− x + C or y = − −2e− x + C
3 3

4. y = C ( x − 2 )
1 1
3. ln y + 1 = 2 ln x + C or ln y + 1 = 2 ln 2 x + C
2

1
−
6. y = e x
1
5. y = − −2 x + 24 2 3
7. y = 100e kt 8. y = 2
x2 −1
1
−

( )
1

2
y e y
• y 2
−e y
• 2y
9. y = tan 2 ln x + 4
10. not a solution 15. f  ( y ) = 2
4
y

17. y = − ln (1 + e ) + C
x
e
16. f  ( x ) =
−x
+ e x ln x 20. 3 21. 4.403 or 4.404
x ln 2

22. a. t = 2.731 c. a ( 5 ) = −1.617 d. TD = 4.510 or 4.511 23. a. − 2 c. 0

1 1
24. a. 4 30 25. b. −
2

Assignment 7.2 page 176

1 

2. a. A (1) = $1056.54 , A ( 5) = $1316.53

 ln 2 t
1. y = 2e .346 t
or y = 2e .347 t
or y = 2e 2 

2. a. A (10 ) = $1733.25 c. 12.602 or 12.603 yrs 3. 551 bacteria

5 
4. 429.741 or 429.742 yrs 5. 19,000 yrs 7. 32.618 or 32.619 min 8.
2
+ 4
12. − 2 ( ln u ) + C
1 10 328 1 1 −2 1
9. 5
− 3
+ 25 = 15
10. −2 ln 2 = ln 4 14. − sin x + C
4 4

( ln x )
dh 1 ft 1
15. y 3 = x 3 + C =− 19. − 2a
1 2 1
16. y = 2
+
2
18. dt 4 min
1
20. 3
21. −
4 4

Assignment 7.3 page179

9
1. a. 0 c. 2 e. − 5
 y
3. b. i,ii. d. y = x2 + C or y = − x2 + C


− −  

−

−

4. c. y = e x for ( 0,1)
 240

y 1 3
 c. y = 4 x + 4
2
5. a,b.


x
− −  
−

−

8. c. y = −e + 1
2
6. c. y = x + 2 7. c. y = 3 3x + 4
x

5 m m m m
11. a. c. 1 e. 9.5 sec f. 29.5 sec i. 10 sec. j. 0 sec.
3 sec 2 sec 2

12. x = 3 (sharp turns) 13. x = 0 (hole), x = −1 (VA) 14. x = 0 (vertical tangent)

16. The first number is 20 and the second is 4. 18. x + 2 ln x − 1 + C
21. − 2 ( sin y ) + C ( sec x )
1 −2 1
20. tan  − 2 + C
5
22. +C
5

24. ln sin x + ln cos x + C 25. x ( t ) =

1 4
t − t2 + t + 4 26. 7.128 or 7.129
16
27. a. Do.: all reals, V.A.: none, H.A.: y = 0, x-int.: (0,0) odd, y-int.: (0,0)
1
( 1
b. rel. min. pt. −1, − 2 , rel. max. pt. 1, 2 ) 
c. P.I. ( 0, 0 ) ,  3,

3 
( )
 ,  − 3,
4  
− 3

4 

Assignment 7.4 page 184

3. y = 4e + 1
1 1 3
1. y = 4 x + 4 x + 2 2. y = x2 −16
3 2 x
4. B

8. Concave upward since y ( 2,6) =

1
5,6. 
y
7. D 2
0

9. H ( t ) = 3 t 3 + 35 10. B
x
− −  
−

−

11. a. R ( t ) = 2, 000, 000e

−.085t
b. 8.141 yrs c. 27.045 yrs (early in 2027)

 R ( t ) dt gives the total amount of coal (in tons) produced by the mine
6
12.
0

from the beginning of 2000 through 2005.

13. a. 9,386,000 tons b. 9,428,000 tons 14. 9,397,000 tons 15. B 16. B
22. 3sin ( 9 x ) − 2sin ( 4 x )
4
19. DNE or 
2 2
17. 
18. DNE 20. 0 21. 5
23. 388.130 24. a. max at x = -1, min at x = 3, PI at x = 1
−1 1
,
24. b. max at x = -1, min at x = 1, PI at x = 0, 2 2 25. Length 150, width 75
 241

( ln x + 3)
2


26. y =
12 x 2 + 3 y
2 y − 3x + 2
(
27. a. ln e + 5 + C
x
) b.
2
+C

x2
27. c. − x − 2ln x − 1 + C 28. 260,456 people 29. 118.920 or 118.921 g
2

Assignment 8.1 page 189

1. 2 2. 1
4
3.
1
3 ((16 − ) − (1 − )) =
16
3
2
3
31
9
4. 1.105 5. 1.683

6. x = 3 2
4
7. c = −.751 8. a. 8 b.
3
gal
9. a. At 8:00 AM water is flowing from the reservoir at the rate of 1000 hr
.
b. 22000 gal e. 33000 gal
10. b. approximately 11000 c. Approximately 11,000 babies were born in the Utah city
during 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995.
11. c. D ( 3.1)  29.4 12. c. v ( 4.5 ) = 30 hr
hi ker s mi mi
mile
e. 100 miles f. vavg = 20 hr
20 ft ft ft ft
13. a. d. 35 sec e. 55 sec f. 52.5 sec
3 sec 2
14. a. 15.527 liters b. 595.531 or 595.532 liters
1
( ) 1
( )
15. b. 2 • 2 0 + 2 + 2 • 2 2 + 4 + 2 • 2 4 + 6 + 2 • 2 6 + 8 = 1088
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1
( ) 1
( )
(
16. a. 4 − 2 − 6 − 10 = −28.103 or − 28.104 ) 17. a. 300 ft. b. 5 sec
ft

Assignment 8.2 page 193

 ( g ( x ) − f ( x ) ) dx
3
2. area =
4
0
3. 3
4. 6.356 5. 1.167 or 1.168

6. ( 3 )
−1 − + 3 − ( − 9 + 9 − 9 ) =
1 32
3
8. 7.211 9. f ( x ) =
x3 −
1
8
=
x2
9 x3 − 8
9

11. a. f  (1) = −1 , f  ( 2 ) = − 2
3 1
10. D 12. c = ln 2
= 1.442 or 1.443

15. f (.9 )  −1.9

1
13. −2.613 or − 2.614 14. −1 + ln 2

16. 2 • 1 ( −2 + ln1) + 2 ( −4 + ln 2 ) + 2 ( −6 + ln 3) + ( −8 + ln 4 ) = −12.515

1

17. a. f  ( x ) = g ( x ) c. f is increasing on the interval  −5,6 because g  0 .

f. f has points of inflection at x = −3, 2,5 because g changes between incr. and decr.
− 
39 9
g. 2 2
 242

19. b. 2 • 50 ( 250 + 210 ) + 2 • 100 ( 210 + 190 ) + 2 • 150 (190 + 80 ) + 2 • 200 (80 + 0 ) = 59750
1 1 1 1

5 3 1
 
( )
1
− 2 8
21. f  ( x ) = 10 x − x 1 − 1 x 2  22. y = 5 x 2 − 3 x 2 + 8 x 2 + C
9

2


23. f ( x ) = 12 x + 3 + C ( ) 27. cos ( 2 x + 1) − 3x 2 cos ( 2 x3 + 1)

1 6 1
24. − 4 − 3x 2 + C
2
3

Assignment 8.3 page 197

1. a. V =  ( x 2 ) dx ( x ) dx c. V =  2 x dx 1 2
b. V = 
1 2 1
1
2
 12 2 2
0 0 0

2. a. V =  ( − x 2 + x ) dx 3. a. V =  ( 2 4 − y ) dy 4. a. V =  ( 2 − x − x ) dx
1 2 2 2 1 2
2 2
0 −2 −2

7. (1 − − ) − ( −4 + − 6 ) =
e −1 4

9 1 3 16 125
5. 8 6. 2 12
9. 12
8
10. 3 24
4
1 2
13. g  ( y ) = 3 y ( 2 y − 1) 3 + 3 y ( 2 y − 1) 3
3 2 4 −
11. 1.049 or 1.050 12. 2.492

15. g ( y ) = 4 y 2 + 3 + C 16. h ( t ) = ( )
3
2
t +3 −6 t +3 +C 17. 3 18. 1
3 2
20. a. f  b. f y
21. y − 2 = 8 ( x − 1)

1 x
 −   

−  

Assignment 8.4 page 199

( )
1 
( ) −1  dx (
2. b.    22 − 2 − 4 x + 2  dx )
2 2 2
dx b.    1 + 1 − x 2
1 2
1. a.   1 − x2 2
−2  
−1 −1

3. a.  
0
2
(( 2x ) − ( x ) ) dx
2 2
2
b.  
2

0 ((5 − x ) − (5 − 2x ) ) dx 2
2 2

 1 
2
 4  1
2
 4  1 
2
 1 + − 12  dy 5. b.  1   3 +  − 3  dx c.  1  5 −  5 −   dx
4
4. b.  
2 2

1   y    x    x 
 

(y ) (( 2 + y ) − 2 ) dy ( 4 − ( 4 − y ) ) dy
2 2 2
dy b.   c.  
2 2 2
6. a.   2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0

( )
7. a.    − ( x 2 − 2 ) − 12  dx b.    1 − ( x 2 − 2 ) − 22  dx ( )
1 22 1

−1   −1  
 243

 3 5 27
8. a.   32 − • 83  b.  9. a. 16.302 or 16.303 b. 28.688 or 28.689
 5  7
2
 x
11. b. x-int.: ( 0, 0 ) , ( 4, 0 ) d. range: y  1
3
 −2  2  dx
1
10. b.
2

14. ( 4
3
1
• 8 − • 16
2 )−0 = 8
3
15.
2
3
16. c = .178 or .179, 2.488 18. 0 20. c = 1

21. a. 1.520 b. 4.036 or 4.037 22. ( 0,3) or ( 2, 113 )

Assignment 8.5 page 203

 D ( x ) dx
5

hi ker s hi ker s
1. Davg = 1
2. Davg  30 3. Davg  30
5 −1 mile mile

D ( x ) dx represents the total number of

5
4. approx. 3 miles from the trailhead 5. 
1

hikers on the trail at a distance between 1 and 5 miles from the trailhead.
 (( − x ) ( ))
2 16
6. A = 2
+ 1 − x 2 − 2 x − 3 dx 7. A = 8. V = 8
−1 3

( )
x − 2 dx b. V =    42 − 4 − x − 2  dx ( )
26 2
9. a. V =  
6

2 2  
4 1   1 
10. V =   + 3 • 3  + 3  dx = 121.158 or 121.159
1
 x   x 
1 3
11. a. a ( t ) = − 2 ( t + 4 ) b. y ( t ) = − 3 ( t + 4 ) 2 + 2 c. −16 d. −3 e. − 6
1 − 2 1
2 f. 3
12. a. v ( 2.3) = .206 or .207 b. a ( 2.3) = .007 or .008 c. disp. = −.097 or − .098
d. T. D. = .779 or .780 or .781
13. larger 14. smaller 15. They are equal. 16. x = 2, − 3 (nonrem.)
1
20. a = − 2 , b = −1
1
17. t = 3 (nonrem.) 18. x = 2 (rem.), x = −3 (nonrem.) 19. 5
3x − 2 y
3
−
21. a = 2, b = 3 22. y = 6 x −3 + 2 x
1 2
23. y = 24. ( 2, − 2 ) , ( −2, 2 )
2 y + 2x
25. y =
3
2 (x + ) 20
3