Agriculture

AGRICULTURE
Candidates should be able to understand

a) Agricultural systems
• how small-scale subsistence farming, cash crop farming and livestock farming
operate as systems made up of inputs, processes and outputs
b) Crops and livestock
Candidates should be able to:
• identify on a map the main areas where cotton, rice, sugar cane and wheat are
grown, and the main areas where buffalo, cattle, goats, sheep and poultry are
reared
• recognize (from photographs) fields of cotton, rice, sugar cane and wheat;
recognize (from photographs) buffalo, cattle, goats, sheep and poultry
• state the uses of the crops named above
• state the main products of the livestock named above and the uses of those
products
• identify the main areas for the cultivation and growth of each of the following:
apples, apricots, bananas, dates, maize, mangoes, millet, oilseeds, oranges,
pulses, tobacco and vegetables. Know why they are grown there and state an
important use of each
c) Factors
affecting
production
•Natural factors:
topography,
• explain how natural and human factors affect livestock
farming (poultry farming, the keeping of buffalo and
cattle, the keeping of livestock) on small-scale subsistence
farms and the keeping of cattle, goats and sheep on a
nomadic or semi-nomadic basis, including transhumance
• describe the different types of irrigation and explain the

advantages and disadvantages of each for small-scale
subsistence farming, and for the growing of cotton, rice,
sugarcane and wheat
(i) canal irrigation – karez, inundation and perennial canal
(ii) lift irrigation – persian wheel and tubewell
(iii) understand the roles of dams, barrages, link canals,
distribution canals, field channels and bunds
• explain the causes of waterlogging and
salinity, and
(i) explain how land damaged by it can be
restored
(ii) evaluate how agricultural practice and
water management can be improved to
prevent it happening
• understand how government action has
helped to increase production through land
reforms, the promotion of training and the
use of machinery, chemicals, improved seeds
and other means
• understand and evaluate the possibilities for
Cotton field
Wheat field
rice
Rice polishing
Sugar cane
.
⇐
i
fruits
Fruits grown in Pakistan:
• All fruits grown in Pakistan will make a
rather inexhaustible list. The very popular
fruits within and outside the country are
citrus fruits, mangoes, apples, bananas,
guavas, peaches, apricots, grapes, dates,
papaya, plums, berries, fig, melon, water
melon, musk melon, prunes, pomegranate,
cherry, etc.
• Pakistan is fortunate in having great
diversity in its soil and in its ecological and
climatic conditions, ranging from extremely
warm to temperate, to very cold. This enables
The export destinations of these fruits
include some sixty countries the world-over
from Gulf countries to Europe, Australia,
Canada, USA and pacific regions.
MANGOES:
Mango crop is the second largest harvest
after citrus fruit in Pakistan with over 1.500
million tons of annual production. The
varieties grown are more than hundred
depending upon maturity with deep
orange/golden colour of the pulp
having multiple uses. The acidity level varies
with each variety. Pakistan also grows Desi
Mango. Grafted mango varieties/desi mangoes
are quite suitable for mango juice,
drinks, nectars, cocktails, ice creams, bakery,
etc.
Apples
Apricots
Pakistan produce a variety of fruits: Apricots,.
The pure highland environment of the Karakorum
and Himalayan Mountains, where fruit trees are
irrigated by pure glacial melt water creates
wonderful produce .The Hunza apricot is known
the world over for its bright and tangy flavor. The
kernel of the apricots, hidden deep inside the
stone, are also a nutty treasure.
Bananas
Cherry
• Cherry is a leading fruit of
temperate zone in Pakistan.
It grows in Baluchistan and
belongs to the family
“Rosaceae”. There are two
main types of cherries, the
sweet (desert) and the sour.
The cultivation of sweet
cherries (Prunus avium L.)
grapes
Guava
• Guava has attained
commercial importance
in tropics and subtropics
because of its varied soil
and climatic conditions
and as proflic bearer.
Guava is believed to be
originated in tropical
America (Mexico to
Peru). At present, it is
mainly produced in
South Asian countries,
Kinnow
• Kinnow is a fruit with a
close relation to the
Mandarin yet has a
unique taste. This is
primarily due to the soil
constituency and climate
under which it grows.
This environment is
available in Punjab,
Pakistan from December
Vegetables
Aubergene
• A rich purple vegetable that
absorbs strong flavours
well. It grows in Pakistan.
Aubergene is uses for
different purposes.
cabbage
• Cabbage is a cool
season vegetable.
The optimum
temperature for
growth and heading
is between 15°C and
20oC. Above 25oC,
the growth is
arrested. Cabbage the
king of vegetables.
Melons
• Melons - Wonderful fruits

with a high water content.
There are many farmed
varieties of melon in
Pakistan . All have seeds
surrounded by rich, watery
but sweet flesh that is
encased in a fairly hard
shell. Watermelon is
Onion
• Pakistan is blessed with

amazing agricultural
resources thanks to its
fertile land, well-
irrigated plains, weather,
and farming tradition.
Pakistan annually
produces about 1.5
million tons of onions,
Potatoes
• A potato can provide
much of the
recommended daily
allowance (RDA) of a
number of vitamins and
minerals.It finds in
Pakistan in a huge
quantity.Potatoes have
600-800 mg of potassium,
which is 40 percent more
Tomatoes
• There are few vegetables
that better mark the
summer months than the
sweet juiciness of a vine-
ripened tomato. Although
tomatoes are now
available year-round, the
truly wonderful qualities
of tomatoes are the best
when they are in season
Solutions to problems
• Post harvest Research Centre was established
during the year 1989-90 with assistance of
ADB.
This UNDP institute is meant for postharvest
research on fresh fruits and vegetables in
Pakistan.
Postharvest technology deals with produce
management from harvesting to consumption
with appropriate technology to maintain
quality and quantity to fetch the maximum
market price.
Agro-climatic conditions of Pakistan ranging
from tropical to temperate allow growing 40
③ Buffalo es .
I -
:::i¥
Cattle
is
Farming (
Goals f sheep Farming
Bulls I cows )
Buffaloes
2-
.
3 -
Farming
4 -
Poultry Farming .
Sahiwal cattle
Bulls )
( count
② cattle
Goats
Sheeps
Poultry farming
Poultry shop

Agriculture

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AGRICULTURE

Candidates should be able to understand

• describe the different types of irrigation and explain the

• Melons - Wonderful fruits

• Pakistan is blessed with

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