Prepared by: M. S.

Noor

Drug Botanical Origin Family Part Used Constituents Uses

Benzoin
Sumatra Benzoin Styrax benzoin Styraceae Gummy exudates obt. Suma-resinolic acid, Cinnamic acid, Phenyl As topical protectant, Stimulant, Diuretic,
by tapering of the bark ethylene, Benzoic acid & Vanillin. Expectorant. Also used to prepare the
compound benzoin tincture.
Siam Benzoin Styrax tonkinensis Sia-resinolic acid, Benzoic acid, Coniferyl Antiseptic, Expectorant, In foods & drinks.
alcohol, Coniferyl benzoate & Vanillin. Also used in perfumery & cosmetics.
(ALKALOIDS)
Pyridine-Piperidine Alkaloids
Areca Nut Areca catechu Palmae Dried ripe seeds Arecoline, Arecolidine, Arecaidine, Lipids, Anthelmentic, Emmenagogue, Aphrodisiac,
Tannins, Guvacine & Guvacoline. Vermicide, In urinary disorders.
Lobelia Lobelia inflata Lobeliaceae Dried leaves & Lobeline, Lobelidine, Lobelanidine, Lipids, In spasmodic asthma & chronic bronchitis,
flowering tops Resins, Lobelanine & Iso-lobelanine. Respiratory stimulant, Expectorant, In anti-
smoking preparations.
Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum Solanaceae Dried leaves Nicotine, Nor-nicotine, Nicotrine, As smoking agent, Respiratory stimulant,
Nicotinine, Nicotianin, Anabasine, Sedative, Narcotic, Expectorant, Insecticide,
Anatabine, Organic acids i.e. Malonic acid, Tobacco leaves are made wet & applied in
Fumaric acid, Lactic acid & Citric acid. piles.
Tropane Alkaloids
Belladonna Atropa belladonna Solanaceae Dried leaves & Atropine (Hyoscyamine), Apo-atropine, Mydriatic agent, Sedative, Bronchodilator,
flowering tops Belladonine, Scopolamine (Hyoscine). Local anaesthetic, To relieve GIT & urinary
tract spasms, In peptic ulcer.
Hyoscyamus Hyoscyamus niger Solanaceae Dried leaves & Atropine (Hyoscyamine), Mydriatic agent, Sedative, Bronchodilator,
flowering tops Scopolamine (Hyoscine). Local anaesthetic, To relieve GIT & urinary
tract spasms, In toothache.
Stramonium Datura stramonium Solanaceae Dried leaves & Atropine (Hyoscyamine), Mydriatic agent, Sedative, Bronchodilator,
flowering tops Scopolamine (Hyoscine). Local anaesthetic, To relieve GIT & urinary
tract spasms, In peptic ulcer.
Quinolone Alkaloids
Cinchona Cinchona calisaya Rubiaceae Dried bark of stem & Quinine, Quinidine, Cinchonine, Anti-malerial, Anti-pyretic, Anti-fibrillation,
Cinchona officinalis root Cinchonidine, Cinchotannic acid, Antiviral, Analgesic, Stomachic, As bitter
Cinchona succirubra Quinic acid, Starch & Ca-oxalate. tonic & also used in neuralgia.
Cinchona ledgeriana

Note: Structures are available on hand written notes by M. S. Noor

 Prepared by: M. S. Noor

Drug Botanical Origin Family Part Used Constituents Uses

Iso-quinolone Alkaloids
Opium Papaver somniferum Papaveraceae Air dried milky exudate Morphine, Codeine, Norcotine, Thebaine, CNS depressant, Cause drug addiction,
obtained by incising Papaverine, Noscapine & Cryptopine. Narcotic analgesic, Central anti-tussive,
the unripe fruit Atringent, In abdominal cramps & diarrhea.
Ipecacuanha (Ipecac) Cephaelis acuminata Rubiaceae Dried roots & rhizomes Emetine, Emetamine, Cephaeline, Starch, In the treatment of drug over dose & drug
Cephaelis ipecacuanha Psychotrine, Psychotrine methyl ester & poisoning. Expectorant, Diaphoretic.
Ca-oxalate. As emetic, Selective inhibiters of HIV.
Indole Alkaloids
Rauwolfia Rauwolfia serpentina Apocynaceae Dried roots Reserpine, Reserpinine, Serpentine, As tranquilizer in epilepsy & hypertension.
Serpentinine, Ajmaline, Iso-ajmaline, Antidote for reptile poisoning. In cardiac
Ajmalicine, Ajmalinine, Rauwolfinine. Arrhythmias & in circulatory disorders.
Also in neuro-psychiatric disorders.
Catharanthus Catharanthus roseus Apocynaceae Dried whole plant Vincristine, Vinblastine, Catharanthine, In the treatment of wide variety of cancers,
Vindoline, Reserpine & Serpentine. tumours, leukemias & lymphomas. Also in
Hodgkin’s disease. Anti-diabetic in folk
medicines. In the treatment of scurvy.
Nux Vomica Strychnos nuxvomica Loganiaceae Dried ripe seeds Major: Strychnine, Brucine, Respiratory stimulant in certain cases of
Minor: Proto-strychnine, Iso-strychnine, poisoning. Circulatory stimulant in surgical
Pseudo-strychnine & Vomicine. shock. Appetite stimulant, Bitter tonic.
Physostigmine Physostigma venenosum Leguminosae Dried ripe seeds Physostigmine, Iso-physostigmine, Decrease intra-ocular pressure,
Physovenine & Eseramine. Used in glaucoma, Cause miosis,
Cause muscle weakness.
Ergot Claviceps purpurea Clavicipitaceae Dried sclerotium of Ergotamine, Ergometrine, Ergocristine, Oxytocic, Assist in delivery,
fungus developed on Ergocristinine, Ergocryptine, Ergonovine, Abortifacient, Vasoconstrictor,
plants of Rye Ergosterol, Histamine & Tyramine. To reduce postpartum hemorrhage.
Imidazole Alkaloids
Pilocarpus Pilocarpus jaborandi Rutaceae Leaflets Pilocarpine, Iso-pilocarpine, Pilocarpidine, Powerful rapid diaphoretic, As glactagogue,
Pilocarpus microphyllus Pseudopilocarpine, Pilosine & Iso-pilosine. Used in the treatment of glaucoma.
Alkaloidal Amines
Ephedra Ephedra sinica Ephedraceae Dried whole plant Ephedrine, Pseudo-ephedrine, Norpseudo- As decongestant, Vasoconstrictor, Relief
Ephedra intermedia ephedrine, Tannins, Saponin & V. oils. fever & whooping cough, Cardiac stimulant,
Anti-inflammatory & Anti-allergic.

Note: Structures are available on hand written notes by M. S. Noor

 Prepared by: M. S. Noor

Drug Botanical Origin Family Part Used Constituents Uses

Colchicum Colchicum leuteum Liliaceae Dried ripe seeds & Colchicine, Colchico-resins, Demecolcine, Cause multiplication of chromosomes in a
Colchicum autumnale corms Fixed oils, Starch & Glucose. cell nucleus, Has anti-leukemic properties,
Analgesic, To relief gout.
Steroidal Alkaloids
Veratrum Viride Veratrum viride Liliaceae Dried roots & rhizomes Germine, Germidine, Germitrine, Jervine, Sedative, To prepare Veriloid (A mixture of
Rubijervine, Pseudojervine, Veratramine, hypotensive alkaloids), Anti-inflammatory,
Veratridine & Veratrosine. In acute tonsillitis, Insecticide.
Veratrum Album Veratrum album Protoveratrine A & B. Antihypertensive, Insecticide.
Purine Bases
Coffee Coffea arabica Rubiaceae Dried ripe seeds Caffeine, Chlorogenic acid, Tannins, Olein, CNS stimulant, Flavouring agent, Relaxes
Palmitin, Dextrin, Glucose & Fixed oils. the smooth muscles, Diuretic, In terrible
coma, Inhibition of uterine contraction,
Increase gastric acid secretions.
Tea Thea sinensis Theaceae Prepare leaves & leaf Caffeine, Gallo-tannic acid, Theophylline, CNS stimulant, Astringent due to tannins,
Camellia sinensis buds Theobromine, Xanthines & Tannins. Increase gastric acid secretions, Diuretic,
Relaxes the smooth muscles.
(LIPIDS)
Fixed Oils
Castor Oil Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Dried ripe seeds Unsaturated Fatty Acids: As stiffening agent, Lubricant,
Ricinoleic acid, Iso-ricinoleic acid. Stimulant, Cathartic, In soaps & paints.
Saturated Fatty Acids: In vaginal jelly to restore vaginal acidity.
Stearic acid, Iso-stearic acid, Palmitic acid.
Cotton Seed Oil Gossypium hirsutum Malvaceae Dried ripe seeds Gossypol, Vitamin E & Ergosterol. Cathartic, For edible purpose,
Unsaturated Fatty Acids: As emollient in liniments,
Oleic acid, Linoleic acid. As lubricant, Used in soaps,
Saturated Fatty Acids: Used as solvent in number of injections.
Palmitic acid, Stearic acid & Arachidic acid.
Olive Oil Olea europoea Oleaceae Ripe fruits Phytosterol & Vitamin E. For edible purpose, As salad oil,
Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Demulcent, Emollient, Laxative,
Oleic acid, Linoleic acid. In colonic carcino-genesis.
Saturated Fatty Acids: In the preparation of soaps, plasters &
Palmitic acid, Stearic acid & Arachidic acid. liniments.

Note: Structures are available on hand written notes by M. S. Noor