8 Agri6Q1Week2

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Name of Learner: Grade and Section:

Name of Teacher:

Pasay-AA6-Q1-W2-D1

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SCHOOLS


DIVISION OFFICE OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION TLE 6


AGRICULTURE
What I Need to Learn
Identify proper way of planting, propagating trees and fruit bearing trees.
Demonstrate proper way of planting, propagating trees and fruit-bearing trees.

Your Lesson for Today

PROPER WAY OF PLANTING AND PROPAGATING TREES AND FRUIT-BEARING TREES


Modern technology and research have gone a long way especially in the field of Agriculture. There
are different agricultural products today that did not exist long ago. We now have seedless grapes,
oranges, and watermelons. There are also various plants with leaves and flowers of different colors that
come from just one plant. Fruit-bearing trees are able to bear fruits within a very short span of time.
Some can bear fruits all year round. These advancements are possible because of an agricultural
technology called plant propagation.
Plant propagation is a method or reproducing, increasing, or multiplying plant species. It is

being practiced because of the following reasons:

1. To increase the number of plant species


2. To produce plant varieties that are resistant to some insect pests and diseases
3. To evolve new and better varieties of plants suited to different conditions of soil and
climate
4. To accelerate and at the same time lessen the bearing age of plants
5. To avert the extinction of some plant species
6.
PROPER WAY OF PROPAGATING FRUIT-BEARING TREES

1. Cutting

The leaves are removed and the stems are cut 10 inches long. One—half of the cutting is inserted
into the soil. Example : Sinigwelas, Kamotengkahoy

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2. Marcotting or Air layering


induces the stem to develop roots while it is still growing on the mother plant.
The steps are as follows:

a. Select a healthy branch.

b. Remove a ring-like layer of soft bark about 2

to 3 inches long or until you reach the hard

wood layer

c. Apply sphagnum moss around the cut


surface.
d. Cover securely with coconut coir or a piece
of plastic sheet.
e. Tie both ends to prevent drying of the
rooting medium. Keep it moist.

f. Cut the marcot just below the ball of


sphagnum moss when sufficient roots develop.
g. Remove some leaves to further induce root
development.
h. Place the potted in a cool and shady place.

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Grafting
a plant propagation method that involves inserting a scion into a stock so that they will form a union and
grow together.
Steps in Grafting

a. Preparing the Stock. Start at the cut surface of


the rootstock and make a vertical slit through the
bark where each scion can be inserted (2 inches
long and spaced 1 inch apart).

b. Preparing the Scion. Since multiple scions


are usually inserted around the cut surface of the
rootstock, prepare several scions for each graft.
Cut the base of each scion to a 11⁄2- to 2-inch
tapered wedge on one side only.

c. Inserting the Scion. Loosen the bark slightly


and insert the scion so that the wedge-shaped
tapered surface of the scion is against the exposed
wood under the flap of bark. Push the scion
firmly down into place

d. Securing the Graft. Seal all exposed surfaces


with grafting wax or grafting paint. Once the
scions have begun to grow, leave only the most
vigorous one on each stub; prune out all the
others. Bark grafts tend to form weak unions and
therefore usually require staking or support
during the first few years.

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Budding – the process of transferring the lateral bud taken from the scion to the stock of the same
family. The steps are the following:

1. Cut bud sticks from strong shoots of the


present season's growth with mature buds that are
slightly brownish in color.

2. Clip off the leaves from the bud sticks, leaving


1/2 inch of the leafstalk for a handle.
3. Discard the soft tips of the bud sticks.

4. Choose branches from the rootstock that are


the size of a lead pencil up to 1/2 inch diameter.
Larger branches have too thick a bark for this
method to work.

5. On the rootstock, about 15 or more inches from


the trunk, make a T cut across the bark.

6. With a knife blade, lift the corners and


carefully loosen the bark.

7. Cut a bud from the bud stick which includes a thin


piece of attached wood.

8. Slide the bud under the flaps of the bark on the


rootstock until the ends are firmly un

9. Using electrician's tape, tie the bud to the


rootstock.

10. Wrap the ends tightly, but be sure not to cover


the bud with tape.
11. In two to three weeks, cut the tie so you will not
girdle the graft.

12. The next year, cut the rootstock off above the
graft when the bud starts growing.

13. Remove any shoots below the graft.

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Fruit-bearing trees propagated by the sexual method (use of seeds):

Avocado Star apple Cashew Chico Citrus fruits

Guyabano or Sour sop Guava Jackfruit Lanzones

Mabolo Macopa Mango Mangosteen Papaya

Rambutan Santol

Some are propagated asexually or by artificial methods:

Avocado (grafting) Banana ( rhizomes) Star apple (marcotting)

Chico ( marcottingor inarching) Guyabano (grafting) Guava (marcotting)

Langka (marcotting) Duhat (marcotting) Macopa (marcotting)

Pineapple (suckers) Mango (grafting) Strawberry ( runners)

Siniguelas (cuttings)

What’ New
a.) Answer the following questions.
1. What are the ways of propagating fruit trees?
_______

______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What are the steps in marcotting?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What are the steps in budding?

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Name of Learner: Grade and Section:

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4 What are the steps in grafting?

b.) Analyze the puzzle and try to find five terms in plant propagation.
A E I O U R P H R H
M A R C O T T I N G
R W G R N E G G E I
G S C I O N R B S G
H D B J I S A N W T
M Z J D W A F M A F
N T D X T Q T R E E
L U V C U W I L K D
B L C Z O Y N K H S
S R X A F K G P G W
Write your answers.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
What I Have Learned
Planting and propagating trees and fruit trees is a source of livelihood for many Filipinos.
You do not need huge tracts of land to plant trees. A small space in your backyard can be used to
plant calamansi, papaya, and banana.
Evaluation
List down names of 10 different fruit-bearing trees and tell the specific ways of propagating
them.
NAME OF FRUIT-BEARING TREES WAY OF PROPAGATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Prepared by: ELIJIO A. BANOG


EPP/TLE Teacher
Timoteo Paez Elementary School

Page 6 of 15
Name of Learner: Grade and Section:
Name of Teacher:

Pasay-AA6-Q1-W2D3

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SCHOOLS


DIVISION OFFICE OF PASAY CITY
MODULE IN TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION TLE 6
AGRICULTURE
What I Have to Know
Give the importance of planting fruit-bearing trees
Identify the sources of fruit bearing trees
Mention famous orchard farms in the country
Your Lesson for Today
SOURCES OF FRUIT BEARING TREES
Just like vegetables and ornamentals, growing fruit trees is not difficult. The problems lie
in the lack of space or where to plant them.
In urban areas where spaces are very limited, fruit trees are not usually planted. Some
homeowners do not like to plant trees because they say, a grown tree will destroy the foundation
of their houses because of their big and long roots.
But for those who have enough space, fruit trees like mango, duhat, tamarind, banana,
papaya and other fruit trees are planted. Aside from the shade that they give, when they bear
fruits, the family is, at least, assured of a supply of fruits for their daily consumption.
In the province, fruit trees are sources of income for the family. Aside from the added
fresh air, they provide the ambience that a city dweller has not experienced.
Mangoes
Our country is famous for its delicious mangoes. Although there are other varieties, the
carabao mango is the most sought after and exported in other countries.
Mango fruits are of these varieties:
1. Carabao or super mango. This variety is the favorite of most people around the world
with its perfect blend of sweet and sour taste, soft, succulent with a pleasant odor.
2. Pico. This is a smaller in size from the carabao variety but just as sweet, even when it’s
not yet ripe.
3. Indian mango. This originated from India. It bears plenty of fruits the whole year round.
It is a favorite appetizer by most teeners.
Mango tree comes from seed.
Papayas
Papaya is a fruit rich in Vitamins A, B and C and aids in the digestion of food. A good
and tasty dessert, especially when sweet, papaya is an acceptable appetizer or dessert of people
of all ages. The unripe fruits are also valuable for some main dishes as tinola and ginataan.
Because of its papain, a protein-spitting enzyme obtained from the juice of unripe papaya, helps
tenderize meat and used as an aid in digestion.
Most home yards grow papaya trees. They are planted by direct seeding, that is, planting
papaya seeds in a hole and cover with ¼ inch of soil. After planting, in 10 to 15 days, seeds will
germinate.
There is the so-called male and female papaya. The male plant, only produce flowers but
do not bear fruit. However, it is necessary for pollination. When planting, allow one male plant

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Name of Learner: Grade and Section:
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to grow for every 15 to 20 female papayas. Intercropping is a method where papaya can be
grown together with coconuts, coffee, pineapple or bananas. It increases farm income and
prevent the growth of weeds and/or grasses.
Sources of fruit-bearing trees
Fruit-bearing trees are available and sold in different stages of growth and ready to be
transplanted. Among their sources are:
Commercial Nursery- Run by private individuals usually offering landscaping materials
and services.
Agricultural Institution – A school that offers a course related to agriculture and other plant
studies.
Department of Agriculture- Responsible for any agricultural activities in terms of
vegetables and fruits.
Bureau of Plant Industry – They develop scientific improvement for each plant species in a
locality and adjacent places.
Famous Orchard Farms in the Philippines
Rosa Farms, Zambales, Philippines
Rosa Farms is a 12.5hectare mango orchard in the coastal province of Zambales, home of the
Philippine Carabao Mango. The farm has 888 mango trees nurtured for years. The farm is open
to walk-in guests who want to experience the ambiance of areal functional farm.
Kitsie’s Farm, Zambales, Philippines
Kitsie’s Farm has dozens of fruit-bearing mango trees scattered across its 15 hectares land
with each tree yielding at least 200 kilos each.
Gapuz Grapes Farm, Bauang , La Union
Gapuz Farm has been in business for 30 years. The Gapuz brothers learned the ins and
outs of grapes growing in California.
Banana Farm, Davao Region
Banana is the leading fruit grown in the Philippines and a consistent top dollar earner.
Davao Golden Pomelo Farm, Davao City
Carmelita Mercado is the top pomelo producer and distributor in the Philippines. The farm
has 350 hectares of sweet pink flesh pomelo.
Nica’sRambutan Farm, Barangay Lapaz, Tibiao, Antique
The rambutan tree belongs to a group of fruit bearing tropical trees like longgan and
lychee. The name rambutan came from an Indonesian name “rambut” which means hair.
Health Benefits of Rambutan (from www.healthbenefitstimes.com)
Grace’s Lanzones Farm, Guyam, Indang Cavite, Philippines
It has 200 fully grownedlanzones that earn about 120,000 to 150,000 per harvest.
Dalandan Farm, Bayombong, Nueva Viscaya, Philippines
Dalandan or kahel originated from China. This fruit is flattened and turns yellow or
reddish orange when mature. It consists of 10-14 segments easily separated from one another to
form an open core.
Durian Fruit, Davao City, Philippines
The Durian fruit is popular due to its strong aroma and unique taste. It is also grown in
Thailand and and Indonesia. Many often says. “ It smells like hell, but it tastes like heaven”. The
flesh is rich in carbohydrate, proteins, vitamins ( thiamine, riboflavin and Vitamins A and C),
and minerals (calcium, phosphorous, potassium and iron). The flesh is eaten fresh or processed
into jams, marmalade, spread, pastillas, or flavouring for ice cream, candies, cakes and rolls.

Page 8 of 15
Name of Learner: Grade and Section:
Name of Teacher:
Pasay-AA6-Q1-W2D3

What’s New
A. Conduct a survey using the internet and find the main sources of fruit-bearing trees in
your community.
Simple Survey Form
FRUIT – BEARING SOURCES Numbers of trees
TREES
Avocado
Guyabano
Rambutan
Lanzones
Duhat
Chico
Santol
Indian Mango
Durian
Tamarind

B. Try to answer the following based on your own opinion.


1. In what way do online surveys help you as a Learner?
2. Have you participated in an online survey
3. Were you asked to answer some questions about a particular topic/
4. What topic are you most interested in?
C. Identify the following. Write your answers on the blank before each number.
1. The kind of mango that has a mixed taste, both sweet and sour.
2. The mango that originated in India.
3. The most common sought mango variety and exported in other countries.
4. The enzyme found in papaya that helps tenderize meat.
5. A popularly known fruit due to its strong aroma and unique taste.
6. This fruit originated from China.
7. Fruits grown in Indang, Cavite.
8. This fruit has plenty of health benefits.
9. It is the leading fruit grown in the Philippines and a consistent top dollar earner.
10.This fruit produce flowers but do not bear fruits
Evaluation
The following are steps in producing, planting and caring for fruit-bearing trees. Read and
examine each item and tell whether the statement is a right or wrong. Put a check (√)on the
space provided to each statement that you believe is correct.

1. Place the fruit-bearing trees in a well-lit spot but not in direct sunlight.
2. Use well-draining soil and water it often, but don't make it too soggy.
3. It's better to use seeds from young fruit as they are more viable and plant them in dry
season.
4. When the seedling is large enough, repot it into a larger container with some fresh potting
mix.
5. When planting the seedling, make sure that the seed is half exposed to the air.

Page 9 of 15
Name of Learner: Grade and Section
Name of Teacher:
Pasay-AA6-Q1-W2D4

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SCHOOLS


DIVISION OFFICE OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION TLE 6


AGRICULTURE

What I Need to Know

Prepares layout design of an orchard garden using the information gathered.

Your Lesson for Today


LAYOUT DESIGN FOR AN ORCHARD GARDEN
Good site preparation and layout are extremely important in successfully establishing fruit
plantings. Eliminating potential problems before planting will reduce money and effort needed in later
management practices for this long-term investment.

Preparing the Site


The following suggestions about site preparation apply mainly to the commercial or hobby
producer, but some have equal application to the home gardener.
1. Get soil sample for nematodes. If damaging nematodes are found, this site may have to be avoided for
a period of time until it can be placed into a grass or other plant rotation for 1 or more years. There are
no longer any chemicals registered to kill nematodes in home gardens. Home gardeners may try
solarization of site during summer months. Commercial growers do have nematicides available for use
but are also using nonchemical control methods.
2. Remove stumps, large rocks, and other debris from the site.
3. Plow the top and subsoil in the area to remove as many roots and smaller rocks as possible. Roots left
in the soil can contribute to root-rot problems in fruit trees.
4. Test the soil, and apply lime, phosphorus, and other fertilizer nutrients according to soil test
recommendations.
5. Apply about 50 to 75 percent of the lime, phosphorus, and other elements on the surface, and plow as
deeply as possible to get them into the root zone. Deep plowing of lime and fertilizer is especially
important for tree fruit. After deep plowing, apply the remaining 25 to 50 percent of these chemicals
according to soil test recommendations, and disc them into the surface 6 to 10 inches.

Subsoil PageNematodes
10 of 15 Stump
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Layout Systems in Orchard Planting


After preparing the site and determining the size of the orchard, you must next decide on a plan
or arrangement for the orchard.
The plan showing the arrangement of plants in an orchard is known as the “orchard layout”. There are
several systems of planting, these are the following:
A. Square System
For a fairly level site, use the rectangular or square design. It is most easy and popular method of
planting fruit plant. In this system row to row and plant to plant distances are kept similar. The plants are
planted exactly at right angle at each corner. Thus, every four plants make one square. This is good for
Mango, Banana and citrus crops.

Lay out procedures:


a) Establish a base line/row.
b) Mark position of trees on this line using the wooden stakes on both sides of the base lines.
c) Using right angle shaft, extend lines perpendicular to the base line from every position of the trees
marked.
d) Stakes are fixed on these lines at plant-to-plant distance.
B. Rectangular System
The square and rectangle are the most commonly used systems for laying out orchards. The rectangular
design is used to set trees at unequal distances, as for example with dwarf orange, using a 9- by 15-foot
rectangle to set trees 9 feet apart in one direction and 15 feet in the other. Most growers prefer to arrange
their orchards in straight rows for ease of working. Thus, rectangular system accommodates more plants
in rows. The plants get proper space and sunlight for their growth and development.

Lay out procedures:


The procedure is the same as for the square system. The row-to-row distance is more than the plant to
Page the
plant distance and the row to row distance forms 11length
of 15of the rectangle.
Name of Learner: Grade and Section
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C. Quincunx System/Diamond Pattern


This system is also known as filler or diagonal system. This is a modification over square system of
layout. To make use of the empty space in the center of each square is by planting another plant. The
plants that are planted in the center of each square along with tall growing plants at the corners of
squares are termed as “filler” plants. Generally, filler trees will be of short duration and not be of the
same kind as those planted on the corners of the square. When main plants of the orchard resume their
proper shape, the filler plants are uprooted. Guava, Peaches, Papaya etc. are important filler plants.

Layout procedures:
Follow the procedure for the layout of a square system. In addition to this, mark the center of each
square with stake for the filler plants by drawing the diagonals.
D. Hexagonal / Triangular System
This system accommodates 15% more plants than square system. The plants are planted at the corner of
equilateral triangle. Thus, six trees are planted making a hexagon. Seventh tree is planted in the center.
This is very intense method of planting and hence requires fertile land. In the suburb of cities where land
is costly, this system is worth adopting. However, the laying out of the system is hard and cumbersome.

Layout procedures
1. Establish a base line on one side of the field as in the square system.

2. Mark the position of trees on the base line at the desired distance and fix the stakes. Make
equilateral triangles on the base line maintaining the sides of the triangles equal to plant-to-plant
distance.
3. Mark all the triangles with stakes and join them into a line to form the second line of trees.
Similarly, make equilateral triangles on the second line and cover the whole land.

Page 12 of 15
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Pasay-AA6-Q1-W2D5

E. Contour system.
If the land is rugged and steep, follow the contour of the hillside. It is adopted in hilly areas for
planting fruit plants where land is undulated, and soil erosion is a great threat. The contour system helps
prevent or reduce erosion and conserve moisture. The layout is started from the lowest level and the tree
rows are planted along uniform slopes at right angle to the slope with a view to reduce loss of top-soil
due to erosion. The width of contour terrace varies according to the slope of the hill. On steep or rugged
sites, contour systems help prevent or reduce erosion and conserve moisture. Since rainfall, slope, soil,
and other conditions vary in different parts of the country, growers use various arrangements. At the
present time, growers use terraces in contour systems when additional erosion control is needed.

Layout procedures:
Contour system is a little more complicated than any other system of layout since planting has to be
done on slopes. For the procedure, mark contours at a distance equal to row-to-row distance on each
contour lines. The contours may be of full length or less than full length depending on variations in the
degree of slope.
Since rainfall, slope, soil, and other conditions vary in different parts of the country, growers use
various arrangements. At the present time, growers use terraces in contour systems when additional
erosion control is needed. In commercial operations, no matter which orchard layout is used, a
minimum.
25- to 30-foot turnaround should be left at the ends of rows to allow easy movement of any equipment
and machinery.
Determining Planting Distances
Proper spatial arrangement is very important in new plantings. Aligning the trees carefully not only
improves the orchard’s appearance, but it also makes orchard operations easier.Individual tree or plant
sites can be indicated with a stake. The number of plants required to plant an acre can be determined by
multiplying the distance between trees in the row by the distance between rows and then dividing the
figure into the number of square feet in an acre (43,560).
Determining Home Orchard Size
Not all people enjoy all fruits. Evaluate your family situation and plant those fruits that best meet your
needs. The number of plants that will supply the annual needs for fresh and processed fruit for a family
of five is listed in Table 1.

Reference:

https://www.raitechuniversity.in/school%20of%20agricultur/e-
resources/Planting%20system%20in%20orchards.pdf

http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/horti_orchard%20management.html

http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/A/ANR-0053-I/ANR-0053-I.pdf
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Name of Learner: Grade and Section
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Pasay-AA6-Q1-W2D5

What’s New
LET’S LEARN
Orchard – is an intentional planting of trees that is maintained for food production.
Plat – is a map showing the divisions of a piece of land.
Cumbersome – large or heavy and therefore difficult to use, unmanageable.
Undulated- have a wavy form or outline.
Contour – an outline especially of a curving or irregular figure.
Nematodes– microscopic round worms found in soil.
Subsoil – is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground.
Stump – the bottom part of a tree left projecting from the ground after most of the trunk has fallen or
been cut down.
Intercultural operations–permits the intercropping and cultivation even with the use of mechanical
operations.
A. Read and answer the following.
1.Which is the most easy and popular method of planting fruit plant?
a. square b. rectangle c. diamond d. a & b
2. Which layout system accommodates more plants in rows?
a. hexagonal b. rectangle c. diamond d. square
3. These plants are uprooted as soon as the main plants of the orchard resume their proper shape.
a. shrubs b. fillers c. weeds d. stump
4. How many trees are planted in a hexagonal system?
a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 3
5. Which layout system is used on hillsides, slopes, and rugged sites?
a. diamond b. square c. rectangle d. contour
What I Have Learned
If you choose to produce several fruit types in your home orchard, you will most likely have
more fruits than your family can use. Only plant what you enjoy eating and avoid the chore of caring
for more plants than you really need.
Most growers prefer to arrange their orchards in straight rows for ease of working. Thus,
rectangular system accommodates more plants in rows. The plants get proper space and sunlight for
their growth and development.
Choosing the right pattern for your orchard project will depend on the shape, terrain, and slope
of the land.

Page 14 of 15
Name of Learner: Grade and Section
Name of Teacher:

Pasay-AA6-Q1-W2D5
What I Can Do
A. Read and explain briefly the following questions
1.How do we prepare the site for home orchard?
2.How are fruit trees planted in the different types of orchard?
3.Why is intercultural operations difficult in the hexagonal system layout?
Evaluation
A. Give the meaning of the following words:
1.Plat
2.Cumbersome
3.Undulated
4.Contour
5.Nematodes
6.Subsoil
7.Stump
8.Orchard layout
9.Intercultural operations
10.Filler plants
B. Draw a layout design of an orchard garden of your choice. Identify the plants that you are
going to plant. You may use the box below for your response.

Prepared by: ELIJIO A. BANOG


EPP/TLE Teacher
Timoteo Paez Elementary School

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