CHAPTER 1: COORDINATES, GRAPHS AND LINES

1.1 Numbering System

Real Numbers, 
Rational numbers, Q
Irrational
a
(Numbers that can be represented as , where a and b are integers and b  0; numbers, I
b (non-repeating and
decimal representations are either repeating or terminating) non-terminating
Integers, Z (Natural numbers, negative, integers decimal numbers)
−4 9 =3
and zero) −√7
Whole Numbers, W
(Natural numbers and zero)
1 3.282828 π
Negative 3 3
Positive Integers, Z + 2 −
Integers, Z - 0 4 1 √2=1.4142135…
Natural Numbers, N 10
(Counting numbers) =3.3333333….
3
{…, – 3, – 2, – 1} 69
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …} − = − 3.45
20 e

1.2 Inequalities and Interval Notation

Inequality

Greater than or equal to Interval Notation Inequality Notation

Greater than Open interval: (a, b) a<x<b
Closed interval: [a, b]
Less than or equal to
Half-open or half-closed
Less than or
interval: (a, b] or [a, b)
Open ray: (−, a) or (a, ) or
Closed ray: (−, a] or [a, ) or

1.2.1 Symbols of Inequalities

Example 1
Solution
Complete the table below. No Inequality Interval Real Number
Notation Notation Line
No Inequality Interval Real Number
a) 1  1
x  −, 
Notation Notation Line x
a) 1 5  5 1
x x
5 5
1 b) 2  2
5 w  −, 
w
3  3 2
b) 2  2
w  −, 
3
3  3 c) x3 ( 3,  )
c) ( 3,  ) x
3
d) d) 4  4 
x x  , x
4 7  7  4
7 7

1
 Example 2 Solution
Inequality Notation: x  −1 or x  6
Complete the table below according to the
following inequalities notation. Interval Notation: ( −, −1  ( 6,  )
No Inequality Interval Real Number Line
Example 4
Notation Notation
a) 2s5 Complete the following table.
b) −1  x  3 No Interval Notation Inequality Real
Notation Number
Solution Line

( −, −3)  
1 
No Inequality Interval Real Number a) ,7
2 
Notation Notation Line
( −3, 0 )   
3
a) 2s5 ( 2, 5 ) s b) ,
2 5 5 

b) −1  x  3  −1, 3) x
Solution
−1 3

No Inequality Notation Real Number Line

Example 3
1 x
a) x  −3 or x7 1
Given the following real number line as follows. 2 −3 7
2
State its inequality notation and interval notation.
x 3 x
b) −3  x  0 or x  −3 3
−1 6 5 0
5

Self-Explore 1.2.1

1. State TRUE or FALSE for the following 3. Illustrate the inequality notation 1  p  2
statement. If FALSE, justify the answer. on a real number line.
a) ( −,  ) represents all the subsets in the
real number line. 4. Given the following real number line as
)
b)  −, 3 represents x  3 . follow:

c) ( , 5) represents x  5 . −2 3
x

d) { x : x  } is equivalent to ( −,  ) .
State its inequality notation and interval
notation.
2. Complete the table below.
No Inequality Interval Real Number 5. State the correct inequality notation and
Notation Notation Line illustrate on a real number line according to the
following interval notation.
a) x6 x
a) ( −, − 4  0, 1)
6

b) x
1 b) ( −2, 2  ( 5,  )
2