Prevent Accidents and Emergencies

A. Multiple choice questions

[1] What are the steps necessary for operating a fire extinguisher?
(a) Identify the safety pin of the fire extinguisher which is generally present in its handle
(b) Break the seal and pull the safety pin from the handle
(c) Use the fire extinguisher by squeezing the lever
(d) All of the above
Ans.:(d) All of the above
2] Which of the following is an examples of ignition sources of open flames?
(a) Gas ovens
(b) Lighters in smoking areas
(c) Welding torches
(d) All of the above
Ans.:(d) All of the above
[3] In fire classification, all liquid, grease, and gas material comes under ______.
(a) Class A material
(b) Class B material
(c) Class C material
(d) Class A material
Ans.:(b) Class B Material
[4] In fire classification, material magnesium, potassium, and sodium comes under
_________
(a) Class A material
(b) Class B material
(c) Class C material
(d) Class D material
Ans.:(d) Class D Material
[5] In fire classification, material wood, cloth, and paper comes under ______________
(a) Class A material
(b) Class B material
(c) Class C material
(d) Class D material
Ans.:(A) Class A Material
[6] In fire classification, electrical material and equipment comes under ________.
(a) Class A material
(b) Class B material
(c) Class C material
(d) Class D material
Ans.:(C) Class C Material
[7] When do we use a fire extinguisher?
(a) In case of flood
(b) In case of electric shock
(c) In case of fire
(d) In case of burn injury
Ans.:(c) In case of fire
[8] What is the primary fire emergency telephone number is?
(a) 011
(b) 101
(c) 108
(d) 111
Ans.:(a) 101
[9] Which of the following contains everything you need to know about evacuating your facility
safely?
(a) Evacuation Diagram
(b) Emergency Action Plan
(c) Employee Directory
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Ans.:(d) Both (a) and (b)
[10] The best course of action to take during a medical emergency is to ______________.
(a) Begin first aid immediately
(b) Activate the emergency plan for reporting injuries
(c) Notify the person’s family about the situation
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Ans.: (d) Both (a) and (b)

B. Fill in the blanks

[1] Emergency is a serious or crisis situation that needs __________ attention and
___________
Ans.: immediate, action

[2] A ______________ sign will warn people to walk carefully on freshly mopped floors.
Ans.: wet floor

[3] ___________________ signs can prevent accidents on a staircase with a sharp bent or
warn against a loose floor tile.

Ans.: wacth your steps

[4] The __________________ should be responsible to handle evacuation process.

Ans.: coordinator or authority

[5] Workplace fires are commonly caused by improper storage
of _________________ material or ___________ dust.
Ans.: flammable, combustible

[6] There should always be an __________________ plan for scheduled electrical

maintenance or work.
Ans.: emergency response

[7] If the victim is breathing and has a heartbeat, give _______________ for injuries and treat
for shock.
Ans.: first aid

[8] A fire extinguisher is a _______________ containing an agent which can be discharged to

extinguish a fire.

Ans: hand-held cylindrical pressure vessel

Short answer questions

[1] What is a workplace emergency?

Ans.: Emergency is a serious or crisis situation that needs immediate attention and action.
For example, a customer having a heart attack or sudden outbreak of fire in your organisation
needs immediate attention.
[2] How do you protect yourself, your employees, and your business?
Ans.: The following ways can be used to protect people at work:
1. Notice and Correctly Identify Accidents and Emergencies
2. Get help Promptly and in the Most Suitable Way
3. Follow Company Policies and Procedures for Preventing Further Injury While Waiting for
Help to Arrive
4. Act within the Limits of your Responsibility and Authority when Accidents and Emergencies
Arise
5. Promptly Follow Instructions given by Senior Staff and the Emergency Services

[3] What is an emergency action plan?

Ans.: An emergency action plan (EAP) is a written document that outlines how to respond to
an emergency. It can be used in a variety of settings, in emergencies.

[4] What should your emergency action plan include?

Ans.: An emergency action plan (EAP) includes the following:
1. Evacuation routes, assembly points, and actions to take during an evacuation
2. Instructions for sheltering in place during an emergency
3. Procedures for contacting emergency responders
4. Procedures for notifying and warning people in an emergency
5. Procedures for locating family members in an emergency
6. Who is responsible for what tasks during an emergency
7. Information about threats and hazards that could be encountered in an emergency
8. Information about actions that can be taken to protect people and property during an
emergency
9. Procedures for responding to emergencies

[5] How do you develop an evacuation policy and procedures?

Ans.: To develop an evacuation policy and procedures follow these:
1. Assess the emergency situation
2. Develop an appropriate map for exit
3. Identify any hazard or potential accidental situation then reduce them to an acceptable
level
4. Follow some protective measures for safety
5. Keep ready some firefighting equipments
6. Closing the doors as soon as exited from the fire or smoke
7. Process and prepare proper documentations for the same
8. Use some public announcements

[6] How do you establish evacuation routes and exits?

Ans.: To establish evacuation routes and exits follow these:
1. Ensure every room has proper exit windows or doors in emergency
2. Clearly mark the exit points in a such a way they are visible
3. The exits should be wide enough to accommodate people in such emergencies
4. Schedule more and more mock drills
5. Provide accurate training to staff for evacuation procedures
6. Conduct risk assessment
7. Communicate this evacuation plan to everyone
8. Prepare a duty roaster and assign some key responsibilities
9. Keep important documents at safe place
[7] What are the various types of fire extinguisher and their extinguishing material?

Ans.: The six main types of fire extinguisher are water, foam, CO2, powder, water mist and
wet chemical. A relatively new type of fire extinguisher has also been developed to tackle
lithium-ion battery fires and uses AVD (Aqueous Vermiculite Dispersion) to cool the fire and
prevent re-ignition.

The fire extinguishing material are as follows:

Class A Material: materials such as wood, cloth, and paper, which won’t ignite on their own
but will continue to burn once exposed to a heat source.
Class B Material: all liquid, grease, and gas materials that burn when exposed to ignition
sources.
Class C Material: electrical materials and equipment. These materials cause fires very
quickly and present a serious risk of arc flash.
Class D Material: any materials that are volatile and able to quickly ignite, such as
magnesium, potassium, and sodium.

[8] What are the steps for operating a fire extinguisher in case of a fire emergency.
Ans.: The steps for operating a fire extinguisher in case of fire emergency are as follows:
Step 1: Identify the safety pin of the fire extinguisher, present in its handle.
Step 2: Break the seal and pull the safety pin from the handle.
Step 3: Use the fire extinguisher by squeezing the lever.
Step 4: Sweep it from side to side.

[9] Compare the different type of fire extinguisher.

Ans:

[10] List the different class of fire.

Ans.: There are several classes of fire, including:
Class A: Fires involving ordinary combustibles like paper, wood, and cloth
Class B: Fires involving flammable liquids and gases
Class C: Fires involving electrical equipment, wiring, or appliances, often caused by
overloaded outlets or damaged power cords
Class D: Fires involving combustible metals like magnesium, potassium, and titanium. These
fires can spread quickly to other combustible materials.
Class K: Cooking fires involving the combustion of cooking liquids like animal fat, vegetable
fat, oil, or grease.
Class F: Fires involving cooking oils and fats, which are technically a type of flammable liquid
or gas fire that burns at a very high temperature
Class E: Electrical fires, which are an oddity because electricity is more of an ignition source
than a fuel. However, electricity can be a potential source of ignition and heat, especially
during a short circuit.
[11] List out electrical rescue techniques.
Ans.: The electrical rescue techniques are as follows:
1. Approaching the accident
2. Examining the scene
3. Hazards and Solutions
4. High voltage rescue
5. First Aid

[12] What is the first aid for electrical emergencies?

Ans.: The first aid for electrical emergencies are as follows:
1. A victim may require Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
2. If the victim is breathing and has a heartbeat, give first aid for injuries and treat for shock.
3. Ensure the victim gets medical care as soon as possible.
4. Physician attending the victim must have detailed information to properly diagnose and
care for the
victim.

Workplace Quality Measures

Multiple Choice Questions

[1] To provide healthy and safety working environment, every organisation must
have _______.
(a) Cleanliness
(b) Filtered water
(c) Clean wash-room
(d) All of the above
Ans.:(d) All of the above

[2] Air pollution is mostly caused by production of the ______________ in the surrounding
air.
(a) dust
(b) mixture of solid particles
(c) gases
(d) All of above
Ans.:(d) All of the above

[3] Repetitive use of muscle may feel pain in your ____________

(a) neck
(b) shoulder
(c) wrist or fingers
(d) All of the above
Ans.:(d) All of the above

[4] The security department organisation is not responsible for ________________.

(a) other safety
(b) computer system safety
(c) electrical safety
(d) transport safety
Ans.: There is not correct option is given because security department is responsible for all of
them.

[5] For an organisation, the proper security procedures will reduce _____________.
(a) liabilities
(b) insurance
(c) business revenue
(d) operational charges of the company
Ans.: (a) liabilities and (b) insurance both are correct

[6] Do not wear ______________ when working with machines.

(a) jewellery
(b) safety glasses
(c) masks
(d) gloves
Ans.:(a) jewellery

[7] Sore lower back is caused due to _____________

(a) reaching forward frequently
(b) no lumbar support
(c) no upper back support from chair
(d) reaching forward for long periods
Ans.:(b) no lumbar support

[8] What should you do with the problem of dry eyes?

(a) Forget to blink
(b) Rest eyes periodically and do simple eye exercises
(c) Do exercise
(d) Blink the eyes
Ans.:(b) Rest eyes periodically and do simple eye exercises

[9] If light is coming directly behind or in front of you then you may suffer from
_____________
(a) eye strain
(b) sore eyes
(c) dry eyes
(d) eye strain and sore eyes
Ans.:(d) Eye strain or sore eyes

Fill in the blanks

[1] Air and water pollution can be analysed by using ___________, physical,
and ______________ analysis.
Ans.: chemical, biological

[2] The PH value of the water can be measured through ________________ analysis.
Ans.:chemcial

[3] The ______________ indicators are used to monitor the health of the ecosystem.

Ans.:microbial

[4] Ergonomics is the science concerned with __________________ and arranging things.
Ans.:designing
[5] Loose cords and wires can cause ______________.

Ans.: electrical hazards

[6] Glare and _______________ on the screen should be prevented.

Ans.: reflections

[7] The keyboard should have a matt surface to avoid _______________ glare.
Ans.:reflective

Short answer type questions

[1] What causes the water pollution?

Ans.: The following are few causes water pollution:
1. Most of the human activities such as sewage, farming, construction, chemical dumping in
water etc/
2. Dumping plastics in water
3. Deforestation
4. Global Warming
5. Natural phenomena

[2] What is occupational overuse syndrome?

Ans.: Occupational overuse syndrome, also known as repetition strain injury (RSI), is a
collective term for
a range of conditions, characterised by discomfort or persistent pain in muscles, tendons and
other soft
tissues, with or without physical manifestations.

[3] What are musculoskeletal problems?

Ans.: This problem include different areas of your body, such as neck, back, chests, arms
shoulders and feet. It occurs because of your wrong posture, uncomfortable chair for sitting
that is not ergonomically correct while working on the computer.

[4] What cautions to be taken while working on the computer?

Ans.: While working on computer these cautions to be taken:
• Position your computer such that the end of the monitor should be at your eye level.
• Keep the neck neutral with monitor directly ahead to prevent to turn your neck.
• Keep your monitor at least arm length distance, or 20 to 30 inch away from you.
• Maximise contact of your back against the backrest of the chair.
• Adjust height of armrests so that your elbows are at a 100–110 degrees open angle.
• Place keyboard at a slight negative tilt if you are sitting upright.
• While typing, keep your hands slightly lower than elbows, with fingers pointing downwards
at the floor.
• Minimise any twisting of your wrists from side to side or up and down.
• Use a keyboard palm rest as needed only when you are not typing. Do not rest your wrists
when typing. It leads to wrist strain.
• Always take small breaks while working on the computer to stretch your muscles, keep your
blood flowing, and to rest your eyes.

[5] Why there is no right way to use a laptop?

Ans.: There is really no right way to use a laptop because if you position the screen at the
right height for your back and neck, it will cause you to have to lift your arms and shoulders
too high to use it and vice versa.
[6] What causes eye strain and how to avoid it?
Ans.:
Cause – Glares from overhead lights or windows eye glasses not correct need vision check
To avoid it Re-orient your desk and computer so light is not directly behind or in front of you.

[7] What type of display screen is suitable to work on computer?

Ans.: Use the modern LED monitors of legible size and with adequate spacing between the
characters and lines. The image on the screen should be stable, with no flickering or other
forms of instability. The screen must be free of reflective glare and reflections liable to cause
discomfort to the user.

[8] What type of keyboard is suitable to work on computer?

Ans.: The keyboard should tilt and separate from the screen to find a comfortable working
position and avoid fatiguein the arms or hands. The space in front of the keyboard must be
sufficient to provide support for the hands and arms of the user. The keyboard should have a
matt surface to avoid reflective glare. The symbols on the keys must be adequately
contrasted and legible from the design working position.

Health Safety and Security at workplace

Multiple choice questions

[1] Workplace safety is essential in organisation _________________.

(a) to avoid the accident and injury
(b) to increase the productivity
(b) to improve the work environment
(d) All of the above
Ans.:(d) All of the above

[2] Which of the following is not mandatory to keep the good health of an employee?
(a) Cleanliness
(b) Food court
(c) Clean and fresh air
(d) Clean washroom

Ans.:(b) Food court

[3] The security department is not responsible for _____________

(a) personal safety
(b) computer system and equipment safety
(c) electrical safety
(d) personal belongings
Ans.:(d) Personal Belongings

[4] The proper security procedures will increase _____________

(a) liabilities
(b) insurance
(c) business revenue
(d) operational charges of the company

Ans.:(c) Business Revenue

[5] Which kind of hazards can occur in IT industry?
(a) Biological
(b) Chemical
(c) Physical
(d) Ergonomic
Ans.:(d) Ergonomic

[6] Which of the following can cause hazards while using computers?
(a) Poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in one position
(b) Lifting heavy object
(c) Mishandling of tools and equipment
(d) Improper handling of office equipment
Ans.:(a) Poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in one position

[7] Which of the following statements is likely to result in an injury to the operator?
(a) Selecting the right tool for the job
(b) Wearing safety goggles or glasses
(c) Using a tool with loose handles
(d) Keeping cutting tools sharp
Ans.:(c) Using a tool with loose handles

[8] What are the potential cause of hazards at workplace?

(a) Poor ventilation
(b) Poor lighting
(c) Poor housekeeping
(d) All of the above
Ans.:(d) All of the above

Fill in the blanks

[1] Health of an employee is the state of the

physical, _______________ and ______________ well being.
Ans.:mental, social

[2] The work places must be cleaned in the ____________ before the people start working.
Ans.:morning

[3] A proper ________________ provide clean and cool air at the workplace.
Ans.: air conditioning (AC)

[4] A fresh food cafeteria helps to maintain the _____________ of the employee.
Ans.: health

[5] The work environment of the organisation must be _______________ and free from
_______________ and ____________________.
Ans.:safe, hazard, risk

[6] The proper security procedures will increase the ________________ and will reduce the
____________________ of the company.
Ans.: business revenue, operational charges

[7] Injuries and illness of the employees is prevented through national policy
on ____________________.
Ans.:occupational health and safety
[8] Physical hazards occurs due to _______________.
Ans.: physical work environment

[9] Electrical hazards mostly caused due to coming in direct contact

with _________________, or indirect contact through a __________________.
Ans.: live wire, conductor

[10] Hazards while using computers occurs due to _______________ or excessive duration
of sitting in
______________.
Ans.: poor sitting posture, one position

Short answer questions

[1] Briefly explain the concept of health, safety and security at workplace.
Ans.:
Health
Health of an employee is the state of the physical, mental and social well being. Every
organisation must provide healthy and safety working environment for their employees at the
workplace. Health of an employee
must be in a good condition so that the employees of the organisation will not suffer from any
diseases.
Safety
The work environment of the organisation must be safe. It must be free from hazards and
risk. A hazard is the something that can cause harm to the people. A risk is a probability of
causing harm to the people. A proper safety guidelines must be prepared by the company
and it should be strictly followed. At regular intervals of time, the safety procedures must be
practised by employees.
Security
Security is a kind of freedom from any potential harm. Security ensures the safety of the
people working
in the organisation. Every organisation must have separate security department. This
department should
be responsible for various security such as personal safety, computer system safety,
electrical safety,
transport safety and other equipment safety. The proper security procedures will reduce
liabilities, insurance and compensation for organisation. This will increase the business
revenue and will reduce the operational charges of the company.

[2] State the most important reasons for health, safety and security programs in
workplace.
Ans.: The reasons are:
1. It clearly indicates the company’s commitment for their employee’s health and safety
2. It shows the performance of the business and the safety performance are compatible with
each other
3. It clearly state that the company is not only doing the business for profits but it is taking
care of all its stake holders
4. The accountability of every one working for the company is outlined for the workplace
health, safety and security
5. Company can comply national policy on Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) of
Government of India
6. Injuries and illness of the employees is prevented through such policy
[3] List out the various workplace safety hazards.
Ans.: The various hazards are as follows:
1. Physical hazards
2. Electrical Hazards
3. Fire Hazards
4. Health Hazards

[4] List out the potential sources of hazards in an organisation.

Ans.: Potential sources of hazards are as follows:
1. People at work
2. Unsanitary conditions, labs or environment
3. Exposure to chemical
4. Injuries
5. Mistakes at workplace
6. Fire
7. Electricity
8. Weather Conditions
9. Allergies
10. Workplace diemensions

[5] List some of the IT workplace hazards.

Ans.:Some IT wrokplace hazards are as follows:
1. Poor sitting postures
2. Excessive duration of sitting in one position
3. Similar movements for long hours
4. Looking at computer screen continuously

[6] What are the examples of potential hazards?

Ans.: Some potential hazards are as follows:
1. Poor ventilation
2. Chairs & tables inappropriate height
3. hard furniture
4. poor lighting
5. staff unaware of emergency procedures
6. poor housekeeping
7. Physical or emotional intimidation

[7] Describe information technology workplace hazards.

Ans.: Information Technology hazards includes occupational and physical hazards such as
may result in pain and strain, muscle fatigue etc, electronic and technical hazards or
infrastructural hazards.

[8] What are the workplace safety rules?

Ans.: Workplae safety may includes these rules:
1. Always stay alert to help and prevent accidents
2. Follow proper safety rules and regulations
3. Wear proper clothes
4. Handle equipment appropriately
5. Always take safety precautions
6. Keep work area clean and tidy
7. Report unsafe conditions

[9] List out different safety guidelines?

Ans.: Some safety guidelines checklist are as follows:
1. Store all cleaning chemicals in tightly closed containers in separate cupboards.
2. Throw garbage daily.
3. Make sure all areas have proper lighting.
4. Do not wear loose clothing or jewellery when working with machines.
5. Never distract the attention of people who are working near a fire or with some machinery,
tools
or equipment.
6. Where required, wear protective items, such as goggles, safety glasses, masks, gloves,
and hair nets.
7. Shut down all machines before leaving for the workplace.
8. Do not play with electrical controls or switches.
9. Do not operate machines or equipment until you have been properly trained and allowed to
do so by your supervisor.
10. Repair torn wires or broken plugs before using any electrical equipment.

11. Do not use equipment if it smokes, sparks or looks unsafe.

12. Cover all food with a lid, plastic wrap or aluminium foil.
13. Do not smoke in ‘No Smoking’ areas.
14. Report any unsafe condition or acts to your supervisor.
[10] Describe type of emergency with example.
Ans.: Emergency refers to an unexpected situation that needs immediate action.
Emergency also can be defined as a sudden risk of life, property health and that needs
intervention to prevent deteriorating results/hazards. An emergency includes threatens to the
employee, customers or public, shut down operations, causes physical or environmental
damages.

The common types of emergencies are as following:

1. Chemical Peels
2. Extreme Heatwaves
3. Droughts
4. Pandemics
5. Terrorists Attack
6. Fire
7. Natural Disaster like Flood, Thunderstorms
8. Leakage of gas or chemical