Flora of China 9: 46–434. 2003.

ROSACEAE
蔷薇科 qiang wei ke
Lu Lingdi (陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti)1, Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih)2, Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang)3;
Crinan Alexander4, Bruce Bartholomew5, Anthony R. Brach6, David E. Boufford7, Hiroshi Ikeda8,
Hideaki Ohba9, Kenneth R. Robertson10, Steven A. Spongberg11

Trees, shrubs, or herbs, deciduous or evergreen. Stems erect, scandent, arching, prostrate, or creeping, armed or unarmed. Buds
usually with several exposed scales, sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound; stipules paired,
free or adnate to petiole, rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin,
rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate, corymbose, racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually
actinomorphic, bisexual, rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and
stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate. Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments
sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining
hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed. Stamens usually numerous, rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above
disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate; anthers small, didymous, rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ±
connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each
carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous, superposed. Styles as many as carpels, terminal, lateral, or basal, free or sometimes connate.
Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals.
Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged, usually exalbuminous, very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and
convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.
Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825–3500 species: cosmopolitan, mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546
endemic) in China.
The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu
and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. We consider the following treatment to be
relatively traditional, with some of the generic treatments arguably out of date. The same applies to the arrangement of the subfamilies, among which
the Maloideae may be the most advanced and should therefore appear last. We regard this account, the first comprehensive, English-language treat-
ment of the Rosaceae of China, as preliminary, but consider it a useful guide for the recognition of species. Significant revisions of various groups
within the family will certainly be necessary as taxonomic studies proceed.
Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people’s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit
trees of temperate regions. The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various
drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa
containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry. Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are
used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as
ornamentals.
Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl.
Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1–443; 37: 1–516; 38: 1–133.

1a. Fruit a dehiscent follicle, rarely a capsule; carpels 1–5(–12); stipules present or absent ........................... 1. Subfam. Spiraeoideae
1b. Fruit indehiscent; stipules present.
2a. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, rarely superior; carpels (1 or)2–5, ± adnate to inner side of cupular
receptacle; fruit a pome, sometimes berrylike, rarely small and drupaceous ........................................... 2. Subfam. Maloideae
2b. Ovary superior, rarely inferior.
3a. Carpels usually numerous, rarely few; fruit an achene, rarely drupaceous; sepals persistent; leaves
compound, very rarely simple .............................................................................................................. 3. Subfam. Rosoideae
3b. Carpel 1(–5); fruit a drupe; sepals often deciduous; leaves simple ................................................... 4. Subfam. Prunoideae

1
Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, People’s Republic of
China.
2 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, People’s Republic of China.
3 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China (Li Chaoluan died in 1998).
4
Herbarium, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, United Kingdom.
5
Botany Department, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118-4599, U.S.A.
6
Missouri Botanical Garden c/o Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-2094, U.S.A.
7
Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-2094, U.S.A.; mostly completed while at the University Museum, University of
Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
8
Faculty of Informatics, Okayama University of Science, Ridai-cho 1-1, Okayama-shi 700-0005, Japan.
9
University Museum, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
10
Center for Biodiversity, Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 East Peabody Drive, Champaign, Illinois 61820, U.S.A.
11
The Polly Hill Arboretum, P.O. Box 561, West Tisbury, Massachusetts 02575, U.S.A.
 ROSACEAE

1. Subfam. SPIRAEOIDEAE
绣线菊亚科 xiu xian ju ya ke
Shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves alternate, simple, rarely compound; stipules absent or present; leaf blade entire or serrate at margin.
Carpels 1–5(–12), free or basally connate, each with 2 to several pendulous, anatropous ovules. Fruit a follicle dehiscing along
suture(s), rarely a capsule. x = 8, 9.
About 22 genera and 260 species: widespread in N hemisphere, but mostly absent from arctic regions, extending to S hemisphere in Indonesia
(Java and Sumatra) and South America; eight genera and 99 species (67 endemic) in China.

1a. Flowers more than 2 cm in diam.; leaves simple; fruit a capsule; seeds winged .......................................................... 8. Exochorda
1b. Flowers less than 2 cm in diam.; leaves simple or pinnate; fruit a follicle; seeds not winged.
2a. Carpels 1 or 2; leaves simple; stipules present, caducous.
3a. Inflorescences racemose or paniculate; hypanthium campanulate to cylindric; follicles usually more than
2-seeded .................................................................................................................................................................... 6. Neillia
3b. Inflorescences corymbose or paniculate; hypanthium cupular; follicles 1- or 2-seeded ............................. 7. Stephanandra
2b. Carpels (1–)5; leaves simple or pinnate; stipules present or absent.
4a. Leaves pinnate or 3-foliolate.
5a. Herbs perennial; leaves 1–3-pinnate; stipules absent; carpels 3 or 4(–8), free .............................................. 3. Aruncus
5b. Shrubs; leaves pinnate; stipules present; carpels 5, connate at base .............................................................. 4. Sorbaria
4b. Leaves simple.
6a. Stipules present; follicles inflated, dehiscing along both sutures ........................................................... 5. Physocarpus
6b. Stipules absent; follicles not inflated, usually dehiscing along adaxial suture.
7a. Leaf blade usually serrate or lobed at margin, rarely entire; inflorescences umbellate, umbellate-
racemose, corymbose, or paniculate; carpels free ..................................................................................... 1. Spiraea
7b. Leaf blade entire at margin; inflorescence a spikelike panicle; carpels connate at base ......................... 2. Sibiraea

1. SPIRAEA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 489. 1753.

绣线菊属 xiu xian ju shu
Lu Lingdi (陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti); Crinan Alexander
Shrubs deciduous. Winter buds small, with 2–8 exposed scales. Leaves alternate, usually shortly petiolate, simple; stipules
absent; leaf blade veins usually pinnate, rarely 3–5 from base, margin serrate or incised, sometimes lobed, rarely entire. Flowers in
umbels, umbel-like racemes, corymbs, or panicles, bisexual, rarely ± unisexual. Hypanthium campanulate or cupular, lined by nec-
tariferous disk. Sepals 5, valvate or slightly imbricate, usually slightly shorter than hypanthium. Petals 5, imbricate or contorted, usu-
ally longer than sepals. Stamens 15–60, borne between disk and petals. Disk annular, usually lobed. Carpels (3–)5(–8), free; ovules
(2 to) several per carpel, pendulous; styles terminal, subterminal, or abaxial; stigma capitate or disciform. Follicles bony, often dehis-
cent along adaxial suture. Seeds linear to oblong, minute; testa membranous.
Between 80 and 100 species: N temperate zone, extending S to mountainous subtropical areas; 70 species (47 endemic) in China.
Spiraea holorhodantha H. Léveillé (Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 25: 44. 1915), described from Yunnan, is Rodgersia sambucifolia Hemsley var.
sambucifolia in the Saxifragaceae (see Fl. China 8: 274. 2001).

Many of the following species are ornamental, nectar-secreting plants long established in horticulture and often cultivated in gardens and parks.
In the following key, leads 1a and 1b are not quite mutually exclusive. If identifying plants with short, lateral inflorescences, it is advisable to
work from lead 3a as well as 1b.

1a. Inflorescences borne on erect, long, leafy shoots of current year arising from base of shrub, sometimes on short,
lateral branchlets arising from branches of previous year.
2a. Inflorescences paniculate, oblong or pyramidal ....................................................................................................... 1. S. salicifolia
2b. Inflorescences broadly compound corymbose.
3a. Inflorescences borne on erect, long, leafy shoots of current year.
4a. Inflorescences glabrous; flowers white; follicles erect ..................................................................................... 7. S. fritschiana
4b. Inflorescences pubescent; flowers usually pink, rarely purple-red; follicles divergent.
5a. Leaf blade base truncate to rounded; petiole (2–)4–8 mm.
6a. Branchlets glabrous; leaf blades 3–7 cm, glabrous on both surfaces, margin crenate to doubly serrate;
flowers bisexual, dark purple-red ................................................................................................................. 5. S. purpurea
6b. Branchlets pubescent or subglabrous; leaf blades 2–4 cm, slightly pubescent on veins on both surfaces
or glabrous adaxially, margin sharply serrate or doubly serrate; flowers usually ± unisexual, pink, rarely
white ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6. S. bella
 ROSACEAE

5b. Leaf blade base cuneate to broadly so; petiole 1–3 mm.
7a. Leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces; inflorescences to 5 × 5.5 cm .......................................................... 4. S. hayatana
7b. Leaf blades pubescent on both surfaces or only on veins; inflorescences 6–12 × 4–14 cm.
8a. Branchlets glabrous or pubescent when young; leaf blades doubly incised serrate at margin, rarely
singly serrate, apex acute to acuminate ...................................................................................................... 2. S. japonica
8b. Branchlets densely yellow pubescent when young; leaf blades doubly serrate at margin, apex acute
................................................................................................................................................................... 3. S. formosana
3b. Inflorescences borne on short, lateral branchlets arising from branches of previous year.
9a. Buds obtuse at apex, with several exterior scales.
10a. Stamens 2–3 × as long as petals ...................................................................................................................... 8. S. miyabei
10b. Stamens shorter than to nearly equaling petals.
11a. Leaf blade margin with a few teeth above middle or near apex.
12a. Follicles glabrous or hairy only along adaxial suture ...................................................................... 11. S. sargentiana
12b. Follicles hairy.
13a. Branchlets angled; leaf blades tomentose abaxially; pedicels 1–2 mm ........................................ 10. S. schochiana
13b. Branchlets terete; leaf blades densely thinly villous abaxially; pedicels 4–8 mm.
14a. Bracts 2–4 mm; follicles thinly villous ................................................................................................. 9. S. henryi
14b. Bracts 4–6 mm; follicles densely pubescent .................................................................................... 12. S. wilsonii
11b. Leaf blade margin entire, rarely with a few teeth apically.
15a. Leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces or thinly villous along margin; branchlets angled .......... 16. S. schneideriana
15b. Leaf blades softly hairy abaxially or on both surfaces; branchlets terete.
16a. Follicles glabrous .................................................................................................................................. 15. S. veitchii
16b. Follicles softly hairy.
17a. Inflorescences glabrous; leaf blades glabrous or sparsely pubescent only on veins abaxially ........... 14. S. ovalis
17b. Inflorescences and both surfaces of leaf blades softly hairy.
18a. Inflorescences sparsely villous; leaf blades 10–30 × 5–10 mm, villous on both surfaces,
adaxially without papillae, margin entire or apically with a few teeth ........................................ 12. S. wilsonii
18b. Inflorescences densely and thinly pubescent; leaf blades 6–11 × 4–7 mm, thinly pubescent
on both surfaces when young, later glabrescent, adaxially with papillae, margin entire ...... 13. S. teretiuscula
9b. Buds acute to acuminate at apex, with 2 exterior scales.
19a. Leaf blade margin entire or with a few teeth above middle.
20a. Branchlets cylindric or slightly angled; inflorescences glabrous ............................................................ 28. S. uratensis
20b. Branchlets angled; inflorescences puberulous to pubescent.
21a. Flowers red; leaf blades 0.8–1.2 cm, sometimes lobed apically; follicles usually glabrous, rarely
puberulous on adaxial suture ................................................................................................................... 25. S. arcuata
21b. Flowers white; leaf blades 1–3 cm, not lobed apically; follicles pubescent.
22a. Leaf blades ovate or obovate to obovate-lanceolate, 1–2 cm, pubescent abaxially, margin
obtusely 3–5-dentate above middle .................................................................................................. 26. S. canescens
22b. Leaf blades oblong to ovate- or obovate-oblong, 1.5–3 cm, glabrous on both surfaces, margin
often entire ..................................................................................................................................... 27. S. trichocarpa
19b. Leaf blade margin singly or doubly serrate, sometimes incised.
23a. Buds small, shorter than petioles.
24a. Shrubs to 3 m tall; leaf blades abaxially slightly hairy on veins.
25a. Leaf blades elliptic to elliptic-ovate, margin sharply singly serrate; inflorescences and hypanthium
abaxially softly hairy ............................................................................................................................ 17. S. teniana
25b. Leaf blades ovate to elliptic-ovate, margin obtusely singly or doubly serrate; inflorescences
and hypanthium abaxially glabrous .......................................................................................... 18. S. hingshanensis
24b. Shrubs to 0.5 m tall; leaf blades abaxially glabrous.
26a. Leaf blades ovate or rhomboid-ovate, margin sharply singly serrate above middle; flowers
white; ovary basally slightly pubescent .................................................................................... 19. S. morrisonicola
26b. Leaf blades ovate, margin doubly serrate; flowers pink; ovary glabrous ................................ 20. S. kweichowensis
23b. Buds usually large, nearly equaling or longer than petioles, very rarely shorter.
27a. Inflorescences and follicles subglabrous or pilose .......................................................................... 24. S. longigemmis
27b. Inflorescences and follicles densely softly hairy.
28a. Buds glabrous; leaf blades abaxially pubescent ............................................................................... 23. S. rosthornii
28b. Buds densely tomentose-villous; leaf blades abaxially sericeous-villous, sometimes glabrescent.
29a. Petioles 3–5 mm; leaf blades ovate or ovate-lanceolate, abaxially sericeous-villous, later
glabrescent, margin often entire ....................................................................................................... 21. S. velutina
 ROSACEAE

29b. Petioles 6–10 mm; leaf blades broadly ovate or rhombic-ovate, abaxially sericeous-villous, not
glabrescent, margin lobed ................................................................................................................ 22. S. lobulata
1b. Inflorescences borne on short, lateral branchlets arising from (often arching) branches of previous year.
30a. Flowers in sessile umbels, with or without leaves at base.
31a. Leaf blade margin entire or with a few crenate teeth near apex; stamens equaling petals or nearly so.
32a. Branchlets conspicuously angled; flowers pinkish ........................................................................................ 66. S. calcicola
32b. Branchlets terete; flowers white.
33a. Leaf blades on sterile branches usually flabellate, ± as wide as long.
34a. Branchlets glabrous; leaf blades abaxially glabrous, with glaucous bloom ..................................... 69. S. compsophylla
34b. Branchlets densely pubescent, later glabrescent; leaf blades abaxially densely pubescent ............. 70. S. aquilegiifolia
33b. Leaf blades on sterile branches not flabellate, longer than wide, apex acute or obtuse.
35a. Branchlets glabrous or puberulent; leaf blades 15–20 × 5–7 mm; follicles glabrous ........................ 67. S. hypericifolia
35b. Branchlets densely pubescent, later glabrescent; leaf blades 4–14 × 3–5 mm; follicles pubescent .... 68. S. hailarensis
31b. Leaf blade margin serrate or slightly lobed; stamens shorter than petals.
36a. Leaf blade margin sharply serrulate.
37a. Leaf blades ovate to oblong-lanceolate, abaxially pubescent; pedicels 10–24 mm, pubescent ............... 59. S. prunifolia
37b. Leaf blades linear-lanceolate, abaxially glabrous; pedicels 6–10 mm, glabrous ..................................... 60. S. thunbergii
36b. Leaf blade margin coarsely serrate.
38a. Leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces .................................................................................................. 65. S. kwangsiensis
38b. Leaf blades pubescent on both surfaces or glabrous adaxially when old.
39a. Branchlets terete, pubescent or tomentose; pedicels and hypanthium abaxially glabrous.
40a. Branchlets densely tomentose; leaf blade margin usually 3-lobed, with a few large, obtuse teeth
above middle, base cuneate or broadly so ............................................................................................... 61. S. martini
40b. Branchlets pubescent; leaf blade margin not lobed, with many large, crenate teeth above base,
base subrounded ................................................................................................................................... 62. S. cavaleriei
39b. Branchlets prominently angled, pubescent or villous; pedicels and hypanthium abaxially hairy.
41a. Branchlets and buds appressed villous; pedicels and hypanthium abaxially villous when
young; follicles glabrous or slightly pilose on adaxial suture ..................................................... 63. S. daochengensis
41b. Branchlets and buds densely pubescent; pedicels, hypanthium abaxially, and follicles pubescent .... 64. S. muliensis
30b. Flowers in pedunculate umbels or umbel-like racemes, with clustered leaves at base.
42a. Buds with 2 exterior scales.
43a. Leaf blade margin serrate; stamens longer than petals; sepals reflexed in fruit.
44a. Leaf blades oblong-elliptic to oblong-ovate, margin sharply serrate above middle or near apex; petioles
2–5 mm; stamens ca. 20 ................................................................................................................................ 55. S. flexuosa
44b. Leaf blades broadly ovate, margin minutely serrate or doubly serrate; petioles 4–7 mm; stamens
35–50 ................................................................................................................................................. 56. S. chamaedryfolia
43b. Leaf blade margin entire or apically crenate-serrate; stamens subequaling petals; sepals erect or
spreading in fruit.
45a. Branchlets, leaf blades, and inflorescences glabrous; follicles glabrous or slightly hairy on adaxial
suture .......................................................................................................................................................... 57. S. mongolica
45b. Branchlets, leaf blades, and inflorescences villous; follicles pubescent .................................................... 58. S. mollifolia
42b. Buds with several exterior scales.
46a. Leaf blade margin entire or apically crenate-serrate.
47a. Leaf blades abaxially hairy; follicles hairy; sepals reflexed in fruit.
48a. Leaf blade margin with a few obtuse teeth above middle; racemes dense .......................................... 49. S. tarokoensis
48b. Leaf blade margin entire or on sterile shoots with sharp teeth apically; racemes lax.
49a. Branchlets glabrous or subglabrous; leaf blades abaxially glabrous or slightly pubescent in vein
axils ............................................................................................................................................................ 48. S. media
49b. Branchlets densely villous; leaf blades abaxially densely long sericeous.
50a. Shrubs erect, to 2 m; leaf blades ovate-elliptic or elliptic, 1.5–4.5 cm; inflorescences
15–30-flowered; stamens longer than petals ......................................................................................... 46. S. sericea
50b. Shrubs prostrate; leaf blades broadly ovate, 0.8–1.5 cm; inflorescences 7–15-flowered; stamens
slightly shorter than petals ................................................................................................................. 47. S. prostrata
47b. Leaf blades abaxially glabrous (pubescent in S. xizangensis); follicles glabrous or pilose on adaxial
suture; sepals erect, spreading, or reflexed in fruit.
51a. Branchlets terete, glabrous; sepals reflexed .............................................................................................. 54. S. dahurica
51b. Branchlets angled, pubescent; sepals erect or slightly spreading.
52a. Leaf blades 2–4 mm wide; veins inconspicuous.
53a. Flowers white; styles subterminal, divergent ......................................................................................... 50. S. alpina
 ROSACEAE

53b. Flowers pink-red; styles abaxial, suberect ..................................................................................... 51. S. xizangensis

52b. Leaf blades 4–9 mm wide, ± conspicuously 3-veined at base.
54a. Inflorescences 2–4 cm; styles terminal, divergent ........................................................................ 52. S. myrtilloides
54b. Inflorescences 1–1.5 cm; styles abaxial ..................................................................................... 53. S. ningshiaensis
46b. Leaf blade margin serrate or incised, sometimes lobed.
55a. Stamens longer than or rarely subequaling petals; flowers in umbel-like racemes.
56a. Follicles pubescent or hirsute; sepals erect in fruit.
57a. Pedicels and hypanthium abaxially pubescent; leaf blades abaxially pubescent, margin lobed ........ 40. S. sublobata
57b. Pedicels and hypanthium abaxially glabrous; leaf blades abaxially pubescent on veins or in vein
axils, margin not lobed.
58a. Leaf blades oblong-elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, abaxially pubescent in vein axils, base cuneate,
margin irregularly incised serrate, sometimes doubly serrate above middle ...................................... 41. S. elegans
58b. Leaf blades triangular-ovate or lanceolate-ovate, abaxially pubescent on veins, base truncate,
rarely subrounded, margin doubly serrate except near base .............................................................. 42. S. anomala
56b. Follicles glabrous or subglabrous; sepals reflexed in fruit.
59a. Leaf blades ovate to elliptic-ovate, glabrous or abaxially with tufted hairs in vein axils, margin singly
serrate, leaves on sterile shoots often incised doubly serrate ...................................................................... 43. S. laeta
59b. Leaf blades oblong or ovate, margin with a few coarse teeth.
60a. Leaf blades sericeous-villous on both surfaces, margin with 3–7 large, acute teeth on each side
above middle; inflorescences 12–20-flowered; flowers 8–10 mm in diam. .................................... 44. S. papillosa
60b. Leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces, margin with 3–5 inconspicuous, triangular, obtuse teeth
on each side above middle; inflorescences 5–10-flowered; flowers 10–12 mm in diam. ......... 45. S. lichiangensis
55b. Stamens shorter than or subequaling petals; flowers in umbels.
61a. Leaf blades, inflorescences, and follicles glabrous.
62a. Leaf blade apex acute.
63a. Leaf blade rhombic-lanceolate to rhombic-oblong, pinnately veined, margin serrate above
middle ........................................................................................................................................... 36. S. cantoniensis
63b. Leaf blade rhombic-ovate, inconspicuously 3-veined or pinnately veined, margin usually
3-lobed, incised doubly serrate ..................................................................................................... 37. S. ×vanhouttei
62b. Leaf blade apex obtuse.
64a. Leaf blades suborbicular, 3–5-veined, base rounded to subcordate, rarely cuneate, margin with a
few crenate teeth above middle, apex usually 3-lobed ...................................................................... 38. S. trilobata
64b. Leaf blades rhombic-ovate to obovate, inconspicuously 3-veined or pinnately veined, base
cuneate, margin with a few crenate, incised teeth or 3–5 lobes above middle .................................... 39. S. blumei
61b. Leaf blades hairy abaxially.
65a. Inflorescences glabrous; follicles glabrous except on adaxial suture ................................................. 35. S. pubescens
65b. Inflorescences and follicles hairy.
66a. Leaf blades glabrous adaxially, pilose or subglabrous abaxially ...................................................... 34. S. siccanea
66b. Leaf blades pilose adaxially.
67a. Leaf blades pubescent abaxially.
68a. Leaf blades abaxially sericeous-pubescent, margin coarsely obtusely dentate, apex usually
3-lobed; inflorescences 2–3 cm in diam.; pedicels 6–10 mm ................................................. 29. S. nishimurae
68b. Leaf blades abaxially sparsely pubescent, margin obtusely or sharply serrate above middle
or near apex, apex not 3-lobed; inflorescences 4–5 cm in diam.; pedicels 12–22 mm ................. 30. S. hirsuta
67b. Leaf blades tomentose abaxially.
69a. Sepals ovate-lanceolate; leaf blades abaxially densely yellow tomentose, deeply sharply
incised serrate .............................................................................................................................. 31. S. chinensis
69b. Sepals triangular to ovate-triangular; leaf blades abaxially densely white tomentose,
shallowly obtusely serrate.
70a. Leaf blades rhombic-ovate, 2–4.5 cm, margin obtusely incised serrate or lobed, apex
acute, rarely obtuse ................................................................................................................. 32. S. dasyantha
70b. Leaf blades ovate to obovate, 1–2 cm, margin ± obtusely serrate or doubly serrate,
apex obtuse or slightly 3-lobed .......................................................................................... 33. S. yunnanensis

1. Spiraea salicifolia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 489. 1753. scent; buds ovoid to oblong-ovoid, 3–5 mm, with several brown
scales, apex acute. Petiole 1–4 mm, glabrous; leaf blade ob-
柳叶绣线菊 liu ye xiu xian ju
long-lanceolate to lanceolate, 4–8 × 1–2.5 cm, glabrous, oc-
Shrubs erect, to 2 m tall. Branchlets dense, yellowish casionally thinly pubescent on margin, base cuneate, margin
brown, slightly angled, pubescent when young, later glabre- entire to densely and sharply serrate or deeply incised doubly
 ROSACEAE

serrate, apex acute or acuminate. Panicles oblong to pyramidal, glaucous pruinose, adaxially dark green, ovate or ovate-elliptic
6–13 × 3–5 mm, densely many flowered; rachis and pedicels to lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2–16 × 1–4 cm, abaxially
thinly pubescent; pedicels 4–7 mm; bracts lanceolate to linear- usually pubescent on veins, adaxially glabrous or puberulous on
lanceolate, 6–10 mm, slightly thinly pubescent, margin entire or veins, base cuneate to rounded, margin crenate to doubly ser-
with a few teeth. Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium rate, rarely singly serrate, apex obtuse or acute to acuminate.
campanulate, puberulous abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1–1.5 Corymbs terminal on erect, long, leafy shoots of current year,
mm, ascending in fruit. Petals pink, ovate, 2–3.5 × 2–2.5(–3) compound, 6–14 × 2.5–14 cm, many flowered; rachis and
mm, apex often obtuse. Stamens ca. 30, nearly 2 × as long as pedicels densely pubescent; pedicels 4–6 mm; bracts lanceolate
petals. Disk annular, with crenulate lobes. Carpels sparsely pu- to linear-lanceolate, sometimes to 1 cm, abaxially puberulous.
bescent; styles shorter than stamens. Follicles erect, almost Flowers 4–7 mm. Hypanthium campanulate, sparsely pubescent
parallel, glabrous or sparsely pubescent on adaxial suture; styles abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2 mm, erect in fruit, apex
recurved. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep. acute. Petals usually pink, sometimes white, ovate to orbicular,
2.5–3.5 × 2–3 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens 25–30, much longer
River banks, meadows in valleys, damp grasslands, gullies,
slopes, clearings; 200–900 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning,
than petals. Disk annular, irregularly crenulate. Follicles diver-
Nei Mongol, Shanxi [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; Europe, North gent, glabrous or pilose on adaxial suture; styles ascending. Fl.
America]. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.

1a. Leaf blade margin entire or distantly Forests, forested slopes, forest clearings, thickets, grassy slopes,
shallowly serrate above middle, thinly mountain valleys, gullies, river banks, alpine steppes, rocky and stony
places; also commonly cultivated; 700–4000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu,
pubescent ............................................... 1c. var. oligodonta
Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi,
1b. Leaf blade margin deeply serrate, not Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
pubescent.
2a. Leaf blade margin densely sharply Eight varieties may be recognized in China. In addition, Spiraea
serrate, sometimes doubly serrate japonica var. stellaris Rehder (in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 452. 1913) was
......................................................... 1a. var. salicifolia described on the basis of a fruiting specimen (A. Henry 9280) from SE
Yunnan (Mengzi Xian).
2b. Leaf blade margin deeply incised
doubly serrate ........................... 1b. var. grosseserrata 1a. Leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces.
2a. Inflorescences glabrous ....................... 2h. var. glabra
1a. Spiraea salicifolia var. salicifolia
2b. Inflorescences pubescent.
柳叶绣线菊(原变种) liu ye xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong) 3a. Leaf blades elliptic or broadly ovate,
2–4 cm, margin crenulate to doubly
Leaf blade margin densely sharply serrate, sometimes serrate, apex obtuse or subacute;
doubly serrate. inflorescences 7–12 cm in diam.;
River banks, damp grasslands, gullies, clearings; 200–900 m. He- flowers white ........................... 2f. var. ovalifolia
bei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi [Japan, Korea, 3b. Leaf blades oblong-lanceolate,
Mongolia, Russia; Europe, North America]. 5–10 cm, margin sharply doubly
serrate, apex shortly acuminate;
1b. Spiraea salicifolia var. grosseserrata Liou, Ill. Fl. Lign. Pl.
inflorescences 4–8 cm in diam.;
N. E. China, 278, 564. 1955.
flowers pink .............................. 2g. var. fortunei
巨齿绣线菊 ju chi xiu xian ju 1b. Leaf blades pubescent abaxially.
4a. Leaf blade apex acute.
Leaf blade margin deeply incised doubly serrate. 5a. Leaf blades ovate to ovate-elliptic,
● River banks, slopes. Heilongjiang, Jilin. base cuneate, margin incised doubly
serrate, rarely singly serrate;
1c. Spiraea salicifolia var. oligodonta T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. inflorescences 4–14 cm in diam.
Sin. 8: 215. 1963. .................................................. 2a. var. japonica
贫齿绣线菊 pin chi xiu xian ju 5b. Leaf blades ovate to elliptic, base
broadly cuneate to rounded,
Leaf blade margin entire or distantly shallowly serrate margin distantly doubly serrate;
above middle, thinly pubescent. inflorescences 2.5–4 cm in diam.
● Meadows in valleys; ca. 700 m. Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol. ....................................................... 2b. var. acuta
4b. Leaf blade apex acuminate.
2. Spiraea japonica Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 262. 1782. 6a. Leaf blade margin not pinnatifid,
sharply doubly serrate ........... 2c. var. acuminata
绣线菊 xiu xian ju
6b. Leaf blade margin incised
Shrubs erect, to 1.5 m tall. Branchlets brownish to purple- pinnatifid and doubly serrate.
brown, slender, subterete, glabrous or pubescent when young; 7a. Leaf blades ovate-oblong to
buds ovoid, 3–5 mm, with several scales, puberulous, apex oblong-lanceolate, 6–9 × 1–3
acute. Petiole 1–3 mm, pubescent; leaf blade abaxially paler or cm, base broadly cuneate to
 ROSACEAE

rounded; inflorescences 5–7 2f. Spiraea japonica var. ovalifolia Franchet, Nouv. Arch.
cm in diam. .......................... 2d. var. incisa Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 8: 218. 1886.
7b. Leaf blades oblong-lanceolate,
椭圆绣线菊 tuo yuan xiu xian ju
13–16 × 3–4 cm, base cuneate;
inflorescences 7–14 cm in Leaf blades elliptic to broadly ovate, 2–4 cm, margin cren-
diam. ............................ 2e. var. pinnatifida ulate to doubly serrate, apex obtuse or subacute. Inflorescences
7–12 cm in diam. Flowers white.
2a. Spiraea japonica var. japonica
● Forested slopes, rocky places, gullies; 2500–3800 m. Sichuan,
绣线菊(原变种) xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong) Yunnan.

Spiraea callosa Thunberg. 2g. Spiraea japonica var. fortunei (Planchon) Rehder in L. H.
Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 4: 1703. 1902.
Leaf blades ovate to ovate-elliptic, base cuneate, margin
incised doubly serrate, rarely singly serrate. Inflorescences 4– 光叶绣线菊 guang ye xiu xian ju
14 cm in diam.
Spiraea fortunei Planchon, Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 9: 35.
Commonly cultivated in China [native to Japan and Korea]. 1853.
2b. Spiraea japonica var. acuta T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. Leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, 5–10 cm, margin sharply
8: 215. 1963. doubly serrate, apex shortly acuminate. Inflorescences 4–8 cm
in diam. Flowers pink.
急尖绣线菊 ji jian xiu xian ju
● Slopes and open spaces in mixed forests; 700–3000 m. Anhui,
Leaf blades ovate to elliptic, base broadly cuneate to Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan,
rounded, margin distantly doubly serrate. Inflorescences 2.5–4 Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
cm in diam.
2h. Spiraea japonica var. glabra (Regel) Koidzumi, Bot. Mag.
● Mixed forests, grassy slopes; 2500–2700 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, (Tokyo) 23: 167. 1909.
W Yunnan.
无毛绣线菊 wu mao xiu xian ju
2c. Spiraea japonica var. acuminata Franchet, Nouv. Arch.
Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 8: 218. 1886. Spiraea callosa Thunberg var. glabra Regel, Index Semi-
num Hort. Petrop. 1869(Suppl.): 27. 1870.
渐尖绣线菊 jian jian xiu xian ju
Leaf blades ovate-oblong to long elliptic, 3.5–9 cm, mar-
Spiraea bodinieri H. Léveillé; S. bodinieri var. concolor gin sharply doubly serrate, apex acute to shortly acuminate. In-
H. Léveillé; S. esquirolii H. Léveillé. florescences 6–12 cm in diam. Flowers pink.
Leaf blades long ovate to lanceolate, base cuneate, margin ● Forests, stony places; 1600–1900 m. Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi, Si-
sharply doubly serrate. Inflorescences 10–14 cm in diam. chuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
● Clearings in mixed forests, mountain valleys, river banks; 900– 3. Spiraea formosana Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30(1):
4000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, 88. 1911.
Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan,
Zhejiang. 台湾绣线菊 tai wan xiu xian ju

2d. Spiraea japonica var. incisa T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. Spiraea japonica Linnaeus f. var. formosana (Hayata)
8: 216. 1963. Masamune.

锐裂绣线菊 rui lie xiu xian ju Shrubs. Branchlets yellow-brown to dark brown, terete,
densely pubescent when young, later glabrescent; buds ovoid,
Leaf blades ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 6–9 × 1–3 ca. 5 mm, with several scales, apex acute. Petiole 2–3 mm,
cm, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin incised pinnatifid, pubescent; leaf blade abaxially pale, oblong to oblong-ovate, 4–
deeply and sharply incised doubly serrate. Inflorescences 5–7 6(–8) × 2–2.5 cm, abaxially pubescent especially on veins,
cm in diam. adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin doubly ser-
● Thickets, alpine steppes; 3200–4000 m. Henan, Sichuan, Yun- rate, apex acute. Corymbs terminal on erect, long, leafy shoots
nan. of current year, compound, 6–10 × 8–12 cm, many flowered;
rachis and pedicels pubescent; pedicels 5–7 mm; bracts linear to
2e. Spiraea japonica var. pinnatifida T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
subulate, pubescent. Hypanthium broadly campanulate, pubes-
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 490. 1980.
cent abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2 mm, reflexed in fruit.
羽叶绣线菊 yu ye xiu xian ju Petals orbicular, 2–3 mm in diam., apex obtuse or slightly
emarginate. Stamens ca. 20, longer than petals. Disk annular,
Leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, 13–16 × 3–4 cm, base cu-
10-lobed; lobes subobtuse at apex, rarely emarginate. Carpels
neate, margin incised pinnatifid, sharply doubly serrate. Inflo-
adaxially pubescent; styles shorter than stamens. Follicles
rescences 7–14 cm in diam.
slightly spreading, subglabrous or puberulous on adaxial suture;
● Slopes in mixed forests; ca. 2900 m. Xizang. styles persistent, spreading. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
 ROSACEAE

● Forests, slopes; 2100–3000 m. Taiwan. gin sharply serrate or doubly serrate from below middle, apex
acute. Corymbs terminal, compound, 2–4 × 1.5–2.5 cm, many
4. Spiraea hayatana H. L. Li, Lloydia 14: 237. 1951.
flowered; rachis and pedicels pubescent; pedicels 5–8 mm;
假绣线菊 jia xiu xian ju bracts elliptic-lanceolate, 3–5 mm, puberulous, apex acuminate.
Flowers ± unisexual, 5–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium cam-
Spiraea formosana Hayata var. brevistyla Hayata; S.
panulate, slightly pubescent abaxially. Sepals triangular-ovate,
japonica Linnaeus f. var. formosana (Hayata) Masamune sub-
1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, reflexed in fruit, apex acute. Petals pink-
var. brevistyla (Hayata) Masamune.
ish, rarely white, suborbicular, longer than sepals, glabrous,
Shrubs to 1.5 m tall. Branches reddish brown, slender; base shortly clawed. Stamens ca. 20, reduced and shorter than
young branchlets terete, puberulous. Petiole 1–2 mm, winged, petals in female flowers, longer than petals in male flowers.
pubescent; leaf blade paler abaxially, green adaxially, ovate- Disk annular, 10-lobed. Carpels pubescent, reduced in male
oblong, 2–3.5 × 1–1.8 cm, papery, glabrous on both surfaces, flowers. Follicles spreading, puberulous, sometimes only so on
midvein and 4 or 5 pairs of lateral veins raised abaxially, slight- adaxial suture; styles spreading. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
ly depressed adaxially, base cuneate, margin sharply doubly Broad-leaved, coniferous, or mixed forests, thickets on slopes;
serrate, apex acute to acuminate. Corymbs terminal, compound, 2300–3600 m. SW Sichuan, S Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Ne-
to 5 × 5.5 cm; rachis and pedicels finely pubescent; pedicels pal, Sikkim].
slender, 3–4 mm, to 6–8 mm in fruit; bracts subulate, ca. 1 mm.
1a. Follicles puberulous only on adaxial suture
Flowers 4–5 mm in diam. Hypanthium rotate-campanulate,
......................................................................... 6a. var. bella
pubescent abaxially. Sepals triangular, 0.5–1 mm, apex sub-
1b. Follicles pubescent throughout ............. 6b. var. pubicarpa
acute. Petals obovate, 2–3 mm, apex obtuse or subemarginate.
Stamens ca. 20, long exserted; filaments 4–5 mm. Follicles 6a. Spiraea bella var. bella
erect, 2–3 mm, glabrous, slightly rostrate.
藏南绣线菊(原变种) zang nan xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong)
● Montane regions; 3000–3500 m. C Taiwan.
Follicles puberulous only on adaxial suture.
5. Spiraea purpurea Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 453.
Mixed forests, thickets on slopes; 2400–3600 m. SW Sichuan, S
1933.
Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sikkim].
紫花绣线菊 zi hua xiu xian ju
6b. Spiraea bella var. pubicarpa T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta
Shrubs to 1.2 m tall. Branchlets much branched in upper Phytotax. Sin. 18: 490. 1980.
part, red or red-brown, terete, glabrous; buds brownish, small,
毛果藏南绣线菊 mao guo zang nan xiu xian ju
with several scales, glabrous, apex shortly acuminate. Petiole
6–8 mm, slightly narrowly winged; leaf blade glaucous green Follicles pubescent throughout.
abaxially, yellow-green when dry adaxially, ovate, 3–7 × 1–3 ● Mountain broad-leaved or coniferous forests; 2300–2600 m. S
cm, glabrous on both surfaces, without papillae abaxially, mid- Xizang.
vein and 6–8 pairs of lateral veins prominent, base truncate to
subrounded, margin crenate to doubly serrate, slightly revolute, One of us (Lu) believes that Spiraea hemicryptophyta Grierson
(Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 44: 262. 1987), described from China
apex obtuse or acute. Corymbs terminal, long pedunculate,
(SE Xizang, NW Yunnan), N Myanmar, Nepal, and Sikkim, may be
compound, 5–7 × 5–6 cm, densely numerous flowered; rachis synonymous with S. bella and that further study is necessary to deter-
and pedicels pubescent; pedicels 2–4 mm; bracts linear or mine its identity. The new species was said to differ from S. bella in
linear-lanceolate, 2–4 mm. Flowers bisexual, 6–7 mm in diam. having stems annual, rarely branched, 20–40 cm tall, and corymbs all
Hypanthium broadly turbinate, glabrous or puberulous abax- terminal.
ially. Sepals triangular-ovate, 1.5–2 mm. Petals dark purple-red,
orbicular, much longer than sepals. Stamens ca. 20, unequal, 7. Spiraea fritschiana C. K. Schneider, Bull. Herb. Boissier,
longer ones nearly equaling petals; anthers brown-purple. Disk sér. 2, 5: 347. 1905.
annular, with prominent lobes. Styles shorter than stamens; stig- 华北绣线菊 hua bei xiu xian ju
ma capitate. Follicles erect, glabrous. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets purple-brown to brownish,
● Mixed forests, thickets on slopes; 2800–3300 m. Sichuan, lustrous, robust, conspicuously angled, glabrous or sparsely
Xizang, Yunnan.
pubescent when young, later glabrescent; buds ovoid, 5–6 mm,
6. Spiraea bella Sims, Bot. Mag. 50: t. 2426. 1823. with several brown scales, sparsely pubescent when young,
apex acuminate or acute. Petiole 2–5 mm, pubescent initially,
藏南绣线菊 zang nan xiu xian ju
later glabrescent; leaf blade pale green abaxially, dark green
Shrubs deciduous, to 2 m tall. Branchlets yellow-brown to adaxially, ovate, elliptic-ovate, or elliptic-oblong, 1.5–8 × 1.0–
red-brown, slightly angled, subglabrous to pubescent; buds 3.5 cm, pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, rarely sparsely
brown to red-brown, small, with several scales, glabrous. Peti- pubescent on veins, base broadly cuneate, margin irregularly
ole 2–5 mm; leaf blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially bright doubly or singly serrate, apex acute or acuminate. Corymbs
green, ovate, elliptic-ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 2–4 × 1–2 cm, terminal on erect, long, leafy shoots of current year, compound,
abaxially pubescent or subglabrous on veins, adaxially gla- 5–8 × 6–10 cm, numerous flowered; rachis and pedicels gla-
brous, rarely puberulous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, mar- brous; pedicels 4–7 mm; bracts lanceolate or linear, 4–7 mm,
 ROSACEAE

puberulous. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanu- ● Dry slopes; 800–1000 m. Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong.
late, glabrous abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2 mm, about as
8. Spiraea miyabei Koidzumi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 166.
broad as long, reflexed in fruit, apex acute. Petals white, pinkish
1906.
in bud, ovate, 2–4 × 2–2.5 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse. Stamens
25–30, longer than petals. Disk annular, with 8–10 unequal, 长蕊绣线菊 chang rui xiu xian ju
emarginate lobes. Carpels pubescent; styles shorter than sta-
Spiraea silvestris Nakai.
mens. Follicles suberect, spreading, glabrous or pubescent only
on adaxial suture; styles terminal, erect or slightly divergent. Fl. Shrubs erect, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets red-brown or gray-
May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. brown, terete or slightly angled, pubescent when young, finally
● Forests, forest margins, cliffs, slopes, rocky places; 100–2400
glabrous; buds ovoid, 1–2 mm, with several scales, glabrous,
m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, apex subobtuse. Petiole 2–5 mm, glabrous; leaf blade occasion-
Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang. ally glaucescent abaxially, ovate or oblong-ovate to broadly
lanceolate, 4–7 × 1–2 cm, membranous, glabrous or slightly
1a. Leaf blades ± pubescent on both surfaces puberulous on both surfaces, veins slightly raised abaxially,
or glabrous adaxially, base broadly base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin sharply serrate or
cuneate; fruiting inflorescences more doubly serrate, sometimes incised serrate, apex acute to acu-
than 6 cm in diam. ................................. 7a. var. fritschiana minate. Corymbs terminal, compound, 4–6(–8) × 3–6 cm, many
1b. Leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces, flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous or pubescent; pedicels
base rounded; fruiting inflorescences 6–10 mm; bracts linear, 2–3 mm. Flowers 6–7 mm in diam.
3–8 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate or obconic, glabrous abaxially. Se-
2a. Leaf blades oblong-ovate, 2.5–8 × pals triangular-ovate, 1.5–2 mm, spreading in fruit. Petals
1.5–3 cm; fruiting inflorescences white, orbicular or obovate, (2–)3–4 × 2–3 mm, glabrous, base
3–8 cm in diam. .............................. 7b. var. angulata shortly clawed. Stamens 20–25, 2–3 × as long as petals. Disk
2b. Leaf blades broadly ovate, ovate- annular, crenulate. Carpels fusiform, slightly tomentose; styles
elliptic, or suborbicular, 1.5–3 × terminal, nearly equaling carpels, much shorter than stamens.
1–2 cm; fruiting inflorescences Follicles 1.5–1.8 × 0.7–0.8 mm, slightly gray tomentose; styles
3–6 cm in diam. ............................. 7c. var. parvifolia recurved. Seeds linear. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
7a. Spiraea fritschiana var. fritschiana Mixed forests, mountain forests, slopes, gullies; 1000–2000 m.
Anhui, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Japan].
华北绣线菊(原变种) hua bei xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong)
Three varieties occur in China; var. miyabei is native to Japan.
Spiraea fritschiana var. villosa Y. Q. Zhu & D. K. Zang.
1a. Leaf blades ± pubescent on both surfaces,
Leaf blades 3–8 × 1.5–3.5 cm, ± pubescent on both sur- more densely so abaxially ......................... 8c. var. pilosula
faces or glabrous adaxially, base broadly cuneate. Fruiting in- 1b. Leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces.
florescences more than 6 cm in diam. 2a. Leaf blades 5–7 cm, not glaucescent
● Mountain valley forests, rocky slopes; 100–2000 m. Gansu, He- abaxially, base subrounded or broadly
bei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhe- cuneate; petiole 3–5 mm .................. 8a. var. glabrata
jiang. 2b. Leaf blades to 7 cm, glaucescent
abaxially, base cuneate; petiole to
7b. Spiraea fritschiana var. angulata (Fritsch ex C. K.
1 cm ................................................ 8b. var. tenuifolia
Schneider) Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 453. 1913.
8a. Spiraea miyabei var. glabrata Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wil-
大叶华北绣线菊 da ye hua bei xiu xian ju son. 1: 454. 1913.
Spiraea angulata Fritsch ex C. K. Schneider, Bull. Herb. 无毛长蕊绣线菊 wu mao chang rui xiu xian ju
Boissier, sér. 2, 5: 347. 1905; S. fritschiana var. latifolia Liou.
Petiole 3–5 mm; leaf blade not glaucescent abaxially, 5–7
Leaf blades oblong-ovate, 2.5–8 × 1.5–3 cm, glabrous on cm, glabrous on both surfaces, base subrounded or broadly
both surfaces. Fruiting inflorescences 3–8 cm in diam. cuneate. Inflorescences and hypanthium abaxially glabrous.
● Mixed forests, forest margins, cliffs, rocky places; 200–2400 m. ● Mixed forests, slopes, gullies; 1000–2000 m. Anhui, Hubei,
Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi.
Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi.
8b. Spiraea miyabei var. tenuifolia Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wil-
7c. Spiraea fritschiana var. parvifolia Liou, Ill. Fl. Lign. Pl. son. 1: 455. 1913.
N. E. China, 279, 563. 1955. 细叶长蕊绣线菊 xi ye chang rui xiu xian ju
小叶华北绣线菊 xiao ye hua bei xiu xian ju Petiole to 1 cm; leaf blade glaucescent abaxially, to 7 cm,
glabrous on both surfaces, base cuneate. Inflorescences and hy-
Leaf blades broadly ovate, ovate-elliptic, or suborbicular,
panthium abaxially glabrous.
1.5–3 × 1–2 cm, glabrous on both surfaces. Fruiting inflores-
cences 3–6 cm in diam. ● Mountain slopes. C Sichuan (Emei Shan).
 ROSACEAE

8c. Spiraea miyabei var. pilosula Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wil- ● Roadside thickets, slopes; 1300–1500 m. C Sichuan (Emei
son. 1: 455. 1913. Shan).

毛叶长蕊绣线菊 mao ye chang rui xiu xian ju 10. Spiraea schochiana Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 259. 1920.

Leaf blade ± pubescent on both surfaces, more densely so 滇中绣线菊 dian zhong xiu xian ju
abaxially, base cuneate. Inflorescences and hypanthium abaxi- Shrubs erect. Branches arching; branchlets brown or red-
ally sparsely pubescent. brown, angled, densely yellow villous initially, finally glabre-
● Mountain forests; 1000–1600 m. Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan. scent; buds ovoid, with several scales, pubescent, apex acute.
Petiole 1–2 mm, densely villous; leaf blade abaxially yellowish
9. Spiraea henryi Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 225. 1887. initially, later turning gray, adaxially dark green, elliptic to obo-
vate-elliptic, 1.5–2 × 0.8–1 cm, abaxially densely tomentose
翠蓝茶 cui lan cha
initially, later papillose, adaxially sparsely tomentose, lateral
Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branchlets brownish, red-brown, or veins 3 or 4 on each side of midvein, base broadly cuneate,
gray-brown, terete, pubescent when young, later glabrescent; margin with a few coarse teeth above middle or near apex, apex
buds brown when young, ovoid, with several scales, pubescent acute or subobtuse and mucronate. Corymbs terminal on lateral
when young, apex usually obtuse, rarely acute. Petiole 2–5 mm, branchlets, compound, 2–4 × 2.5–3.5 cm, densely many
thinly villous; leaf blade adaxially dark green, elliptic, elliptic- flowered; rachis and pedicels densely dark yellow villous; pedi-
oblong, or obovate-oblong, 2–7 × 0.8–2.3 cm, abaxially densely cels 1–2 mm; bracts lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 4–6 mm,
thinly villous, more densely on veins, adaxially glabrous or villous. Hypanthium campanulate, villous abaxially. Sepals tri-
sparsely softly hairy, base cuneate, margin sometimes with a angular, 1–1.5 mm, erect or spreading in fruit, apex subobtuse.
few coarse teeth above middle, sometimes entire, apex acute or Petals suborbicular, 2–2.5 mm in diam., glabrous, base shortly
subobtuse. Corymbs terminal on short, lateral branchlets, com- clawed. Stamens 25–30, nearly equaling stamens. Disk distinct,
pound, 3–7 × 4–7 cm, many flowered; rachis and pedicels gla- 10-lobed. Styles slightly shorter than sepals. Follicles somewhat
brous or villous; pedicels 5–8 mm; bracts lanceolate, rarely nar- erect, softly hairy; styles terminal, slightly divergent.
rowly elliptic, 2–4 mm, more densely villous abaxially, sparsely ● Forested slopes, mountain valleys; 2000–2200 m. C Yunnan.
so adaxially. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanu-
late, ± thinly villous. Sepals ovate-triangular, 1–1.5 × 1–1.5 11. Spiraea sargentiana Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 447.
mm, erect in fruit, apex acute. Petals white, broadly obovate to 1913.
suborbicular, 2–2.5 × 2–3 mm, glabrous, base shortly clawed,
茂汶绣线菊 mao wen xiu xian ju
apex often emarginate, rarely obtuse. Stamens ca. 20, nearly
equaling petals. Disk annular, with 10 thick, globular lobes. Spiraea aemulans Rehder.
Styles slightly shorter than stamens. Follicles spreading, thinly
Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branchlets spreading, red-brown to
villous; styles terminal, slightly divergent. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–
gray-brown, slender, terete, sometimes angled, pubescent when
Aug.
young, finally glabrous; buds brown, ovoid, small, with several
● Mountain forests, roadside thickets, foothills, slopes; 1300– scales, pubescent initially, apex subobtuse or acute. Petiole 1–3
3000 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan. mm, villous; leaf blade adaxially dark green, elliptic-oblong to
1a. Inflorescences villous; leaf blades obovate-oblong, 1–3 × 0.7–1.2 cm, abaxially densely thinly
densely thinly villous abaxially ................... 9a. var. henryi villous, adaxially sparsely villous, base cuneate, margin with a
1b. Inflorescences glabrous; leaf blades few teeth apically, apex acute. Corymbs terminal on lateral
subglabrous or sparsely villous abaxially branchlets, compound, 2.5–5 × 2.5–4 cm, many flowered;
................................................................. 9b. var. omeiensis rachis and pedicels thinly villous; pedicels 2–5 mm; bracts long
elliptic or oblong, 2–4 mm, thinly villous. Flowers 5–6 mm in
9a. Spiraea henryi var. henryi diam. Hypanthium campanulate, villous abaxially. Sepals tri-
angular, 1.5–2 mm, erect or reflexed in fruit, apex acute. Petals
翠蓝茶(原变种) cui lan cha (yuan bian zhong) milky white, suborbicular, 2–3 × 2–2.5 mm, glabrous, base
Leaf blades densely thinly villous abaxially. Inflores- almost clawless, apex emarginate. Stamens ca. 20, nearly equal-
cences villous. ing petals. Disk annular, 10-lobed; lobes emarginate at apex.
Carpels pubescent basally; styles shorter than stamens. Follicles
● Mountain forests, foothills, rocky slopes; 1500–3000 m. Gansu, spreading, glabrous or hairy on adaxial suture; styles terminal
Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
on abaxial side, slightly divergent. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct.
9b. Spiraea henryi var. omeiensis T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. ● Thickets, open slopes, roadsides; 1000–2400 m. Henan, Hubei,
Sin. 8: 216. 1963. Sichuan, Yunnan.
峨眉翠蓝茶 e mei cui lan cha 12. Spiraea wilsonii Duthie in J. H. Veitch, Hort. Veitch. 379.
1906.
Spiraea henryi var. glabrata T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu.
陕西绣线菊 shan xi xiu xian ju
Leaf blades subglabrous or sparsely villous abaxially. In-
florescences glabrous. Shrubs 1.5–2.5 m tall. Branchlets spreading, arching,
 ROSACEAE

brownish or purplish turning purple-brown or gray-brown when entire, rarely with a few shallow teeth apically, apex obtuse,
old, terete, pubescent, finally glabrous; buds ovoid, with a few rarely acute. Corymbs terminal on lateral branchlets, com-
scales, pubescent, apex obtuse. Petiole 2–5 mm, villous; leaf pound, 3.5–6 × 3.5–5.5 cm, many flowered; rachis and pedicels
blade abaxially gray-green, oblong, obovate, or elliptic-oblong, glabrous; pedicels 4–7 mm; bracts elliptic to lanceolate, 7–10 ×
1–3 × 0.5–1 cm, abaxially villous, more densely so on veins, 1–1.5 mm, glabrous. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium
adaxially sparsely villous, base cuneate, margin entire or with a campanulate, glabrous abaxially. Sepals ovate-triangular, 1.5–2
few teeth apically, apex acute, rarely obtuse. Corymbs terminal mm, erect in fruit, apex acute. Petals white, broadly ovate or
on lateral branchlets, compound, 3–4.5 cm in diam.; rachis and suborbicular, 1.5–2.5 × ca. 2 mm, glabrous, base shortly claw-
pedicels villous; pedicels 4–6 mm; bracts elliptic-oblong or ed, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 20, subequaling to slightly longer
ovate-lanceolate, 4–6 × 1.5–3.5 mm, villous on both surfaces, than petals. Disk annular, with 10 thick lobes. Carpels pubes-
base cuneate, margin entire, apex acute or obtuse. Flowers 6–7 cent; styles shorter than stamens. Follicles spreading, puberu-
mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, villous abaxially. Se- lous; styles terminal on abaxial side.
pals triangular, 1–2 mm, erect in fruit, apex acute. Petals white, ● Mountain valleys, grasslands; 900–2500 m. Gansu, Henan,
broadly obovate or suborbicular, 2–3 mm, almost as broad as Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang.
long, apex emarginate or subobtuse. Stamens ca. 20, subequal-
ing petals. Disk annular, 10-lobed; lobes sometimes emarginate 15. Spiraea veitchii Hemsley, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 33: 258.
at apex. Styles shorter than stamens. Follicles spreading, dense- 1903.
ly pubescent; styles terminal on abaxial side, slightly divergent. 鄂西绣线菊 e xi xiu xian ju
Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
Spiraea atemnophylla H. Léveillé.
● Mountain valley forests, rocky slopes, open places, roadsides;
1000–3200 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yun- Shrubs to 4 m tall. Branchlets arching, red-brown to gray-
nan. brown, slender, terete, slightly angled, pubescent when young,
13. Spiraea teretiuscula C. K. Schneider, Bot. Gaz. 63: 399. later glabrous; buds ovoid, small, with several scales, pubes-
1917. cent, apex acute or obtuse. Petiole 2–3 mm, thinly pubescent;
leaf blade abaxially gray-green, glaucescent, adaxially green,
圆枝绣线菊 yuan zhi xiu xian ju oblong, elliptic, or obovate, 1.5–3 × 0.7–1 cm, abaxially some-
times thinly pubescent, adaxially glabrous, inconspicuously
Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branchlets arched, laxly branched,
pinnately veined, base cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse or
yellowish or purple-yellowish, grooved, puberulous; young
mucronulate. Corymbs terminal on lateral branchlets, com-
branchlets red-brown or brownish, grayish when old, terete; pound, dense, 4–8 × 4.5–7 cm, numerous flowered; rachis and
buds small, ovoid, with several scales, pilose. Petiole 1–2 mm, pedicels densely thinly pubescent; pedicels 3–4 mm. Flowers
puberulous; leaf blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially greenish, 4–5 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, puberulous abax-
ovate or ovate-elliptic, 6–11 × 4–7 mm, abaxially gray-green, ially. Sepals triangular, 1–1.5 mm, erect in fruit, apex acute.
pilose initially, later glabrous, papillose, adaxially greenish, Petals white, ovate or suborbicular, 1.5–2 × 1–2 mm, glabrous,
slightly pubescent when young, later glabrous, lateral veins 3 or base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 20, somewhat
4 on each side of midvein, prominent abaxially, base cuneate, longer than petals. Disk annular, 10-lobed; lobes shallow, apex
margin entire, apex obtuse, sometimes subemarginate. Corymbs usually slightly emarginate. Carpels subglabrous; styles shorter
compound, 1–3 × 1.5–2.5 cm, up to 25-flowered; rachis and than stamens. Follicles spreading, small, glabrous; styles termi-
pedicels densely finely pubescent; pedicels 5–9 mm; bracts nal on abaxial side, divergent. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul–Oct.
lanceolate or linear, 2–3 mm, thinly pubescent. Flowers 5–6
● Thickets, grasslands; 2000–3600 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Henan,
mm in diam. Hypanthium turbinate, thinly pubescent abaxially.
Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
Sepals broadly triangular, 1–1.5 mm, about as broad as long,
apex acute. Petals white, suborbicular, 1.5–2 mm in diam., 16. Spiraea schneideriana Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1:
glabrous, base shortly clawed. Stamens ca. 20, nearly equaling 449. 1913.
petals. Disk annular, 10-lobed. Carpels sparsely hairy basally;
川滇绣线菊 chuan dian xiu xian ju
styles terminal, much shorter than stamens.
● Mountain forests; 2500–3000 m. S Sichuan. Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets red-brown, later gray-
brown, angled, villous, later glabrescent; buds ovoid, with sev-
14. Spiraea ovalis Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 446. 1913. eral brown scales, puberulous, later glabrescent, apex subobtuse
or acute. Petiole 1–3 mm, usually glabrous; leaf blade ovate to
广椭绣线菊 guang tuo xiu xian ju
ovate-oblong, 8–15 × 5–8 mm, glabrous or thinly villous near
Shrubs 2–3 m tall. Branches spreading, slender; branchlets margin on both surfaces, veins indistinct, sometimes 3-veined
dark red-brown, turning brown or gray-brown when old, terete, basally, base cuneate to rounded, margin entire, rarely with a
glabrous; buds ovoid, small, with several scales, pubescent few teeth apically, apex obtuse or subacute. Corymbs terminal
when young, finally glabrescent, apex obtuse. Petiole 3–5 mm, on short, lateral branchlets, compound, 2.5–5 × 3–6 cm, many
glabrous or puberulous; leaf blade abaxially greenish, adaxially flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous to thinly villous; pedi-
dark green, broadly elliptic to oblong, rarely obovate, 1.5–3.5 × cels 4–9 mm; bracts lanceolate, 2–3 mm, puberulous, caducous,
1–2 cm, glabrous on both surfaces or sparsely pubescent on base cuneate, margin entire, apex acute. Flowers 5–6 mm in
veins abaxially, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin diam. Hypanthium campanulate, ± thinly pubescent. Sepals
 ROSACEAE

ovate-triangular, 1.5–2 mm, erect in fruit. Petals white, orbicu- ● Moist mixed forests; 2000–2400 m. Yunnan.
lar or ovate, 2–2.5 × 2 mm, glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex Lu (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 276. 2000) made the combination
obtuse or emarginate. Stamens ca. 20, slightly longer than Spiraea teniana var. mairei (H. Léveillé) L. T. Lu, based on S. mairei H.
petals. Disk annular, 10-lobed; lobes sometimes emarginate at Léveillé (Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 25: 43. 1915), described from NE
apex. Carpels puberulous; styles shorter than stamens. Follicles Yunnan (Qiaojia Xian). However, if the two species are indeed con-
spreading, glabrous or puberulous only on adaxial suture; styles specific, the name S. mairei (1915) has priority over S. teniana (1920).
terminal on abaxial side, suberect or divergent. Fl. May–Jun, fr.
18. Spiraea hingshanensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phyto-
Jul–Sep.
tax. Sin. 13(1): 99. 1975.
● Forests, forest margins, thickets, mountain valleys, rocky
slopes, stream sides; 2500–4000 m. Fujian, Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Si- 兴山绣线菊 xing shan xiu xian ju
chuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets brownish, glabrous; buds
1a. Young branchlets and inflorescences ovoid, with 2 scales, glabrous, apex acuminate. Petiole 5–7
thinly villous, rarely subglabrous mm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate to ovate-elliptic, 5–7.5 × 2.5–
........................................................ 16a. var. schneideriana 3.5 cm, abaxially softly hairy on veins and in vein axils, adax-
1b.Young branchlets and inflorescences ially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin subobtusely singly
usually glabrous ................................. 16b. var. amphidoxa serrate or doubly serrate, apex acute to shortly acuminate.
Corymbs terminal on short, lateral branchlets, compound, 5–7 ×
16a. Spiraea schneideriana var. schneideriana
4–6 cm, many flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous; pedicels
川滇绣线菊(原变种) chuan dian xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong) 4–6 mm; bracts lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 3–5 mm, gla-
brous, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Flowers 3–4 mm in
Young branchlets and inflorescences thinly villous, rarely
diam. Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous abaxially. Sepals tri-
subglabrous.
angular, 1–1.5 × 1–1.5 mm, reflexed, rarely erect in fruit. Petals
● Mixed forests, alpine coniferous forest margins, thickets; 2500– white, suborbicular, 2–3 × 2–3 mm, glabrous. Stamens much
4000 m. Fujian, Hubei, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan. longer than petals. Disk annular, crenate. Follicles spreading,
densely pubescent; styles terminal, divergent.
16b. Spiraea schneideriana var. amphidoxa Rehder in Sar-
gent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 450. 1913. ● Forests, thickets, shady slopes. W Hubei.

无毛川滇绣线菊 wu mao chuan dian xiu xian ju 19. Spiraea morrisonicola Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo
30(1): 89. 1911.
Young branchlets and inflorescences usually glabrous.
新高山绣线菊 xin gao shan xiu xian ju
● Forests, mountain valleys, rocky slopes, stream sides; 2500–
3800 m. Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan. Spiraea japonica Linnaeus f. var. morrisonicola (Hayata)
17. Spiraea teniana Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 259. 1920. Kitamura.
Shrubs or subshrubs to 50 cm tall. Branchlets brownish or
伏毛绣线菊 fu mao xiu xian ju
red-brown to gray-brown, slender, terete, pubescent when
Shrubs erect, 1–3 m tall. Branchlets brownish red to young, gradually glabrescent; buds ovoid, minute, with 2 brown-
brown, terete, sparsely pubescent initially, finally glabrous; ish scales, puberulous, apex acute or subobtuse. petiole 1–3
buds small, with 2 scales, glabrous. Petiole 1–2 mm, sub- mm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate or rhombic-ovate, 10–20 × 8–14
glabrous; leaf blade abaxially glaucescent, adaxially dark green, mm, glabrous on both surfaces, lateral veins distinctly raised
elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 2–2.8 × 1–1.5 cm, abaxially accumbent abaxially, depressed adaxially, base cuneate to broadly so,
pilose on veins, adaxially glabrous, lateral veins 4–6 on each rarely subrounded, margin entire toward base, grossly sharply
side of midvein, slightly raised abaxially, base broadly cuneate, serrate distally, apex obtuse or acute. Corymbs terminal on
margin ciliate, sharply singly serrate except toward base, apex short, lateral branchlets, compound, 1.5–3 × 2–4 cm, densely
acute. Corymbs terminal on short, lateral branchlets, compound, many flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous; pedicels 3–6 mm;
2–3.5 × 3–4 cm, densely numerous flowered; rachis and bracts 8–12 mm, glabrous, apex with a few teeth or entire.
pedicels accumbent pilose; bracts leaflike, unequal, larger ones Flowers 4–5 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous
10–15 × 4–6 mm, smaller ones 7–10 × 2–3 mm. Flowers 4–5 abaxially. Sepals broadly triangular or ovate, 1–2 mm, erect in
mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, pilose abaxially. Sepals fruit, apex mucronate. Petals white, broadly obovate to sub-
triangular, 1–1.5 mm, reflexed in fruit, apex mucronate. Petals orbicular, longer than sepals, glabrous, base shortly clawed,
white, suborbicular, 2–4 mm in diam., glabrous, base shortly apex obtuse. Stamens 10–12, nearly equaling to slightly longer
clawed. Stamens very unequal, longer ones to 4 mm, exceeding than petals. Disk annular, 10-lobed; lobes triangular, apex
petals, shorter ones nearly equaling petals. Disk annular,
obtuse. Carpels puberulous basally; styles subequaling stamens.
irregularly crenulate. Carpels pilose basally; styles somewhat
Follicles slightly spreading, puberulous on adaxial suture; styles
longer than sepals. Follicles erect, divergent, pilose adaxially;
terminal on abaxial side, divergent, mostly deciduous when
styles terminal, mostly straightly spreading. Fl. May–Jun, fr.
ripe. Fl. Jul–Aug. fr. Sep–Oct.
Sep–Oct.
● Montane regions; below 4000 m. Taiwan.
 ROSACEAE

20. Spiraea kweichowensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phyto- ● Mixed forests, slopes, river banks; 2000–3000 m. Xizang, Yun-
tax. Sin. 13(1): 100. 1975. nan.

贵州绣线菊 gui zhou xiu xian ju 21b. Spiraea velutina var. glabrescens T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 491. 1980.
Shrubs ca. 0.5 m tall. Branchlets slightly tortuous, dark
red-brown, terete, glabrous; buds long ovoid, with 2 scales, 脱毛绣线菊 tuo mao xiu xian ju
glabrous, apex acuminate. Petiole 2–5 mm, glabrous; leaf blade Leaf blades glabrescent, subglabrous, or sparsely hairy
purplish abaxially, ovate, 1.5–4 × 1–3 cm, glabrous on both only on veins abaxially.
surfaces, base rounded to subcordate, margin doubly serrate,
apex acute. Corymbs terminal on short, lateral branchlets, ● Broad-leaved forests, thickets on slopes, gullies; 2200–3300 m.
compound, 2–4 × 3–5 cm, many flowered; rachis and pedicels S Xizang.
glabrous; pedicels 2–4 mm; bracts linear-lanceolate, longer than 22. Spiraea lobulata T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin.
pedicels, glabrous. Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous abax- 18: 490. 1980.
ially. Sepals triangular, 1–1.5 × 1–1.5 mm, apex acute. Petals
pink, suborbicular, longer than sepals, glabrous, base shortly 裂叶绣线菊 lie ye xiu xian ju
clawed. Stamens 25–30, longer than petals. Disk annular; lobes Shrubs 1.5–3 m tall. Branchlets brownish, densely yellow-
inconspicuous. Carpels glabrous; styles terminal. Follicles un- grayish tomentose, glabrescent when old; buds shortly or long
known. Fl. Jun–Jul. ovoid, with 2 scales, densely tomentose. Petiole 6–10 mm,
● Rocky mountain summits; below 2000 m. NE Guizhou (Fanjing densely tomentose; leaf blade broadly ovate to rhombic-ovate,
Shan). 4–7 × 3–5 cm, sericeous-villous on both surfaces, more densely
so abaxially, base cuneate to subrounded, margin lobed and in-
21. Spiraea velutina Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 201. 1889. cised doubly serrate, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Corymbs
绒毛绣线菊 rong mao xiu xian ju borne on lateral branchlets, compound, to 16 cm wide, densely
many flowered; rachis and pedicels densely yellow-grayish
Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branchlets spreading, yellow-brown tomentose; pedicels 4–6 mm; bracts linear-lanceolate or linear,
turning gray-brown, robust, slightly angled, densely villous tomentose. Flowers 4–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanu-
when young, gradually glabrescent; buds long ovoid, nearly late, tomentose abaxially. Sepals triangular, spreading or rarely
equaling to longer than petioles, with 2 scales, densely reflexed in fruit, apex acute. Petals white, suborbicular, 2–3 mm
tomentose-villous, apex acuminate. Petiole 3–5 mm, densely in diam., apex obtuse. Stamens much longer than petals; anthers
villous; leaf blade adaxially dark green, ovate or ovate- white. Disk annular; lobes distinct, broad. Carpels densely hairy;
lanceolate, 3–8 × 1.5–3.5 cm, subglabrous on both surfaces or styles shorter than stamens. Follicles spreading, softly hairy
abaxially densely sericeous-villous (especially on veins) and throughout; styles terminal on abaxial side. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr.
adaxially pilose, base cuneate, margin coarsely serrate with a Aug–Oct.
few double teeth, apex acute. Corymbs terminal on short, lateral
● Alpine coniferous forests, mixed forests in river valleys, foothill
branchlets, compound, 3–6 × 4–7 cm, sometimes to 14 cm in thickets, river banks; 2000–2500 m. SE Xizang.
fruit, many flowered; rachis and pedicels thinly villous; pedi-
cels 5–7 mm; bracts linear-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5–7 23. Spiraea rosthornii Pritzel ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29:
mm, villous on both surfaces. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam. 383. 1900.
Hypanthium campanulate, villous abaxially. Sepals triangular,
南川绣线菊 nan chuan xiu xian ju
1–2 mm, reflexed in fruit, apex acute. Petals white, subor-
bicular, 2–3 × 2–3 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 20, longer Spiraea prattii C. K. Schneider.
than petals. Disk annular, 10-lobed; lobes broad, apex usually
Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branchlets spreading, yellow-brown
emarginate. Styles shorter than stamens. Follicles spreading,
turning gray-brown, pubescent when young, later glabrescent;
densely gray-white villous; styles terminal, slightly divergent.
buds long ovoid, nearly equaling petioles, with 2 scales, gla-
Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Oct.
brous, apex acuminate. Petiole 5–7 mm, hairy; leaf blade abax-
● Broad-leaved and mixed forests, thickets, slopes, gullies, river ially gray-green, adaxially green, ovate-oblong to ovate-lan-
banks; 2000–3300 m. Xizang, Yunnan. ceolate, 2.5–5(–8) × 1–2(–3) cm, abaxially pubescent, more
1a. Leaf blades densely sericeous-villous, densely so on veins, adaxially pilose, base rounded to subtrun-
especially on veins abaxially .................. 21a. var. velutina cate, margin incised doubly serrate, apex acute or shortly
1b. Leaf blades glabrescent, subglabrous, or acuminate. Corymbs terminal on lateral branchlets, compound,
sparsely hairy only on veins abaxially 6–10 × 7–11 cm, many flowered; rachis and pedicels pu-
............................................................ 21b. var. glabrescens bescent; pedicels 5–7 mm; bracts ovate-lanceolate to linear-
lanceolate, 5–8 mm, pubescent on both surfaces, base cuneate,
21a. Spiraea velutina var. velutina margin with a few teeth, apex acute. Flowers 5–7 mm in diam.
Hypanthium campanulate, ± pubescent abaxially. Sepals tri-
绒毛绣线菊(原变种) rong mao xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong)
angular, 1–2 mm, reflexed in fruit, apex acute. Petals white,
Leaf blades densely sericeous-villous, especially on veins ovate to suborbicular, 2–3.5 × 2–3 mm, glabrous, base shortly
abaxially. clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 20, longer than petals. Disk
 ROSACEAE

annular, 10-lobed; lobes broad, apex sometimes emarginate. 楔叶绣线菊 xie ye xiu xian ju
Styles shorter than stamens. Follicles spreading, pubescent;
Shrubs 2–4 m tall. Branches tortuous; branchlets brown or
styles terminal, divergent.
gray-brown, angled, pubescent when young, later glabrescent;
● Slopes in mixed forests, stream sides; 1000–3500 m. Anhui, buds long ovoid, with 2 brown scales, pubescent, apex acute to
Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan. shortly acuminate. Petiole 2–4 mm, pubescent; leaf blade ovate
24. Spiraea longigemmis Maximowicz, Trudy Imp. S.-Peter- or obovate to obovate-lanceolate or oblong, 1–2 × 0.8–1.2 cm,
burgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 205. 1879. abaxially pubescent, sometimes subglabrous or glabrous, adax-
ially often glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire or obtusely 3–
长芽绣线菊 chang ya xiu xian ju 5-dentate above middle, apex obtuse, sometimes inconspicu-
Shrubs to 2.5 m tall. Branchlets slightly tortuous, brown to ously 3-lobed. Corymbs terminal, compound, 2–4.5 × 3–5 cm,
gray-brown, slender, puberulous when young, later glabrous; many flowered; rachis and pedicels densely pubescent; pedicels
buds long ovoid, usually longer than petioles, with 2 scales, 4–8 mm; bracts linear, 2–4 mm, pubescent. Flowers 5–6 mm in
glabrous, apex acuminate. Petiole 2–5 mm, glabrous; leaf blade diam. Hypanthium campanulate, pubescent abaxially. Sepals
ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 2–4 × 1–2 cm, abaxially triangular, 2–2.5 mm, erect or spreading in fruit, apex acute.
glabrous or pilose on veins, adaxially pilose initially, glabre- Petals white or pinkish, suborbicular, 2–3.5 × 2–3 mm, gla-
scent later, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margin incised brous, base shortly clawed, apex entire or emarginate. Stamens
doubly serrate and with some simple teeth, apex acute. ca. 20, subequaling to slightly longer than petals. Disk annular,
Corymbs terminal on lateral branchlets, compound, 4–8 × 4– 10-lobed; lobes broad, apex emarginate. Carpels slightly pubes-
6(–8) cm, densely many flowered; rachis and pedicels pilose or cent; styles shorter than stamens. Follicles slightly spreading,
subglabrous; pedicels 4–6 mm; bracts ovate-lanceolate to glabrous to pubescent or pilose; styles on abaxial side, diver-
linear-lanceolate, 4–6 mm, pubescent on both surfaces when gent. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct.
young, eventually glabrescent. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam. Hy- Thickets, thicket margins, valleys, river banks, stream sides, dry
panthium campanulate, pubescent abaxially. Sepals triangular, places; 2300–4000 m. Gansu, W Sichuan, E and S Xizang, NW Yunnan
1–1.5 mm, erect or reflexed in fruit. Petals white, suborbicular, [Bhutan, N India, Nepal, Sikkim].
2–2.5 mm, about as broad as long, glabrous, base shortly claw-
ed, apex obtuse. Stamens 15–20, longer than petals. Disk an- 1a. Leaf blades ovate or obovate to obovate-
nular, equally 10-lobed. Carpels pubescent; styles shorter than lanceolate, abaxially pubescent, sometimes
stamens. Follicles semispreading, pilose or glabrous; styles ter- subglabrous, margin entire or obtusely
minal on abaxial side, divergent. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct. 3–5-dentate above middle; follicles
slightly pubescent ................................ 26a. var. canescens
● Dry rocky slopes, roadsides; 2500–3400 m. Gansu, Hubei, 1b. Leaf blades oblong or obovate, abaxially
Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang. glaucescent green, glabrous, margin entire
25. Spiraea arcuata J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 325. 1878. or inconspicuously 3-lobed apically;
follicles glabrous, rarely slightly
拱枝绣线菊 gong zhi xiu xian ju pilose ............................................... 26b. var. glaucophylla
Spiraea canescens D. Don var. glabra J. D. Hooker & 26a. Spiraea canescens var. canescens
Thomson.
楔叶绣线菊(原变种) xie ye xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong)
Shrubs small. Branches arched, dark brown, shining, stout,
slightly angled, deeply grooved, glabrous when old; buds long Spiraea rotundifolia Lindley; S. canescens D. Don var.
ovoid, with 2 scales. Petiole short, slender, glabrous or subgla- oblanceolata Rehder.
brous; leaf blade long elliptic to obovate, 8–12 × 3–5 mm, Leaf blades ovate or obovate to obovate-lanceolate, abax-
glabrous or subglabrous on both surfaces, base cuneate, margin ially pubescent, sometimes subglabrous, margin entire or ob-
entire or obtusely 3–8-serrate or lobed apically, apex obtuse, tusely 3–5-dentate above middle. Follicles slightly pubescent.
rarely subacute. Corymbs terminal on short, lateral branchlets,
Thickets, river banks, dry places; 3000–4000 m. W Sichuan, S
compound, dense, many flowered; rachis and pedicels puberu- Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Nepal, Sikkim].
lous; pedicels short. Flowers 6–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium
turbinate, pubescent abaxially. Sepals triangular, reflexed in 26b. Spiraea canescens var. glaucophylla Franchet, Pl. Dela-
fruit, apex usually acute. Petals pink, suborbicular, glabrous. vay. 200. 1889.
Stamens slightly shorter than or subequaling petals. Disk 粉背楔叶绣线菊 fen bei xie ye xiu xian ju
annular, broadly crenate. Follicles spreading, wholly exserted,
shining, glabrous, rarely puberulous only on adaxial suture; Spiraea canescens D. Don var. myrtifolia Zabel; S. can-
styles terminal on abaxial side, divergent. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug– escens var. sulphurea Batalin.
Sep. Leaf blades oblong or obovate, abaxially glaucescent
Forests, thickets on river banks, river valleys, subalpine rocky green, glabrous, margin entire or inconspicuously 3-lobed api-
places; 3000–4200 m. Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, N Myanmar, cally. Follicles glabrous, rarely slightly pilose.
Nepal, Sikkim].
● Thicket margins, valleys, stream sides; 2300–3000 m. Gansu,
26. Spiraea canescens D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 227. 1825. W Sichuan, E Xizang, NW Yunnan.
 ROSACEAE

27. Spiraea trichocarpa Nakai, J. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 26(1): blade abaxially greenish, adaxially green, rhombic-ovate to
173. 1909. elliptic, rarely obovate, 7–24 × 4–8 mm, abaxially sericeous-
pubescent, adaxially sparsely pubescent, base cuneate, margin
毛果绣线菊 mao guo xiu xian ju
deeply obtusely serrate, 3-lobed apically, middle lobes larger,
Shrubs to 2 m. Branchlets brown or yellow-brown to gray- apex obtuse. Umbels on short, lateral, leafy branchlets, pedunc-
brown, angled, sterile ones glabrous, flowering ones pubescent; ulate, 2–3 cm, 7–25-flowered; pedicels 6–10 mm, pubescent;
buds long ovoid or cylindric, subequaling petioles, with 2 bracts linear, puberulous. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam. Hypan-
scales, glabrous or puberulous when young, apex acute or ob- thium campanulate, pubescent abaxially. Sepals triangular,
tuse. Petiole 2–6 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulous when erect in fruit, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Petals white,
young; leaf blade oblong, ovate-oblong, or obovate-oblong, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 2–3 mm, about as broad as long,
1.5–3 × 0.7–1.5 cm, glabrous on both surfaces, base cuneate, apex obtuse or emarginate. Stamens ca. 20, shorter than to near-
margin entire (leaves on sterile shoots with a few teeth near ly equaling petals. Disk annular, 10-lobed; lobes obtuse at apex,
apex), apex acute or subobtuse. Corymbs terminal on short, lat- rarely emarginate. Carpels pubescent; styles shorter than sta-
eral branchlets, compound, 4–7 × 3–5.5 cm, many flowered; mens. Follicles lustrous, pubescent at base and abaxially. Fl.
rachis and pedicels densely pubescent; pedicels 5–9 mm; bracts May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
linear or lanceolate, 4–6 mm, sometimes larger and leaflike at
● Open woods, slopes, shaded rocks; 900–1900 m. Jilin, Liao-
base of pedicels, pubescent. Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Hypan-
ning, Shandong, Shanxi.
thium campanulate, pubescent abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1.5–
2 mm, usually persistent and erect in fruit, apex acute. Petals 30. Spiraea hirsuta (Hemsley) C. K. Schneider, Bull. Herb.
white, broadly obovate or suborbicular, 2–3.5 mm, about as Boissier, sér. 2, 5: 342. 1905.
broad as long, glabrous, apex emarginate or obtuse. Stamens
疏毛绣线菊 shu mao xiu xian ju
18–20, subequaling petals. Disk annular; lobes irregular, apex
emarginate. Styles shorter than stamens. Follicles erect, densely Shrubs 1–1.5 m tall. Branchlets slightly tortuous, brown-
pubescent; styles terminal on abaxial side, divergent. Fl. May– ish, turning gray-brown or dark red-brown, terete, pubescent
Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. when young, later glabrous; buds ovoid, small, with several
Mixed forests by streams. Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi
scales, apex obtuse or subacute. Petiole 5–6 mm, pubescent;
[Korea]. leaf blade blue-green abaxially, dark green adaxially, obovate,
elliptic, or ovate, 1.5–3.5 × 1–2 cm, sparsely pubescent on both
28. Spiraea uratensis Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., surfaces initially, glabrescent when old, veins prominent, base
sér. 2, 5: 259. 1883. narrowly cuneate or broadly cuneate to rounded, margin ob-
乌拉绣线菊 wu la xiu xian ju tusely or somewhat sharply serrate above middle or near apex,
apex obtuse. Umbels terminal, pedunculate, 2–3 × 4–5 cm,
Shrubs to 1.5 m tall. Branchlets red-brown turning gray- more than 20-flowered; pedicels clustered, 1.2–2.2 cm, densely
brown, terete or slightly angled; buds long ovoid, with 2 scales, pubescent; bracts linear, 2–3 mm, pubescent. Flowers 6–8 mm
apex acuminate. Petiole 2–10 mm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong- in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, pubescent abaxially. Sepals
ovate, oblong-lanceolate, or oblong-oblanceolate, 1–3 × 0.7–1.5 triangular or ovate-triangular, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, usually per-
cm, glabrous on both surfaces, base cuneate, margin entire, sistent and erect in fruit, apex acute. Petals white, broadly obo-
apex obtuse. Corymbs terminal on short, lateral branchlets, vate, rarely suborbicular, 2.5–3 × 3–4 mm, glabrous, base short-
compound, 3–5.5 × 4–5 cm, many flowered; rachis and ped- ly clawed, apex obtuse or emarginate. Stamens 18–20, shorter
icels glabrous; pedicels 4–7 mm; bracts lanceolate to oblong, 2– than petals. Disk annular, 10-lobed; lobes broad, apex emargi-
4 mm. Flowers 4–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate or nate. Carpels pubescent; styles shorter than stamens. Follicles
subcampanulate, glabrous abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1–2 mm, slightly spreading, pilose; styles terminal on abaxial side, diver-
erect in fruit, apex acute. Petals white, suborbicular, 1.5–2.5 gent. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
mm, glabrous, base shortly clawed. Stamens ca. 20, longer than
● Forests, thickets, slopes, stream sides, rocky places; 600–2000
petals. Disk annular, 10-lobed; lobes obtuse or emarginate at
m. Fujian, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shan-
apex. Carpels pubescent; styles shorter than stamens. Follicles dong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
erect, spreading, puberulous; styles on abaxial side, slightly di-
vergent. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. 1a. Leaf blades obovate or elliptic, rarely
ovate, base narrowly cuneate ................... 30a. var. hirsuta
● Gullies, slopes, cliffs; 1000–2400 m. Gansu, Henan, Nei Mon-
1b. Leaf blades ovate, base broadly
gol, Shaanxi, Shanxi.
cuneate to rounded ........................... 30b. var. rotundifolia
29. Spiraea nishimurae Kitagawa, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48: 610.
30a. Spiraea hirsuta var. hirsuta
1934.
疏毛绣线菊(原变种) shu mao xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong)
金州绣线菊 jin zhou xiu xian ju
Spiraea blumei G. Don var. hirsuta Hemsley, J. Linn.
Shrubs much branched. Branchlets tortuous, gray-brown,
Soc., Bot. 23: 224. 1887.
dark brown, or dark purple-brown, pubescent when young;
buds ovoid, with several brownish scales, pubescent, apex Leaf blades obovate or elliptic, rarely ovate, base narrowly
subobtuse. Petiole 1–3 mm, densely sericeous-pubescent; leaf cuneate.
 ROSACEAE

● Thickets, slopes, rocky places; 600–1700 m. Fujian, Gansu, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yun-
Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, nan, Zhejiang.
Sichuan, Zhejiang.
31b. Spiraea chinensis var. grandiflora T. T. Yu, Acta Phyto-
30b. Spiraea hirsuta var. rotundifolia (Hemsley) Rehder in tax. Sin. 8: 216. 1963.
Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 445. 1913.
大花中华绣线菊 da hua zhong hua xiu xian ju
圆叶疏毛绣线菊 yuan ye shu mao xiu xian ju
Pedicels not more than 10 mm. Flowers 8–10 mm in diam.
Spiraea blumei var. rotundifolia Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Petals 4–5 mm. Follicles spreading; styles divergent.
Bot. 23: 224. 1887; S. blumei var. maximowicziana (C. K.
● Hill roadsides. SW Hubei (Hefeng Xian).
Schneider) Dunn; S. maximowicziana C. K. Schneider.
31c. Spiraea chinensis var. erecticarpa Y. Q. Zhu & X. W. Li,
Leaf blades ovate, base broadly cuneate to rounded.
Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 15: 437. 1995.
● Forests, thickets, stream sides; 600–2000 m. Henan, Hubei,
Shaanxi, Sichuan. 直果绣线菊 zhi guo xiu xian ju

31. Spiraea chinensis Maximowicz, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Pedicels more than 10 mm. Follicles and styles erect.
Bot. Sada 6: 193. 1879. ● Slopes; ca. 300 m. C Shandong (Tai Shan).
中华绣线菊 zhong hua xiu xian ju 32. Spiraea dasyantha Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-
Shrubs 1.5–3 m tall. Branchlets arched, red-brown and Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 97. 1835.
yellow tomentose initially, black-brown and glabrous when old; 毛花绣线菊 mao hua xiu xian ju
buds ovoid, 2–5 mm, with several scales, pubescent, apex acute
or obtuse. Petiole 4–10 mm, shortly tomentose; leaf blade adax- Spiraea nervosa Franchet & Savatier.
ially dark green, rhombic-ovate to obovate, 2.5–6 × 1.5–3 cm, Shrubs 2–3 m tall. Branchlets tortuous, red-brown to
abaxially yellow tomentose, adaxially pubescent, veins promi- brown, slender, densely tomentose when young, glabrous when
nent abaxially, deeply impressed adaxially, base broadly cune- old; buds small, with several brown scales, softly hairy initially,
ate or rounded, margin deeply sharply incised serrate or incon- later glabrescent, apex acute. Petiole 2–5 mm, densely tomen-
spicuously 3-lobed, apex obtuse or acute. Umbels pedunculate, tose; leaf blade adaxially dark green, rhombic-ovate, 2–4.5 ×
16–25-flowered; pedicels 5–9 mm or more, tomentose; bracts 1.5–3 cm, abaxially densely white tomentose, adaxially sparse-
linear, 2–5 mm, pubescent. Flowers 3–10 mm in diam. Hypan- ly pubescent, rugose, prominently pinnately veined, base cune-
thium campanulate, puberulous abaxially. Sepals ovate-lanceo- ate, margin obtusely incised serrate in upper 2/3 or lobed, apex
late, 2–3 × 1–2 mm, erect or rarely reflexed in fruit, apex obtuse or acute. Umbels pedunculate, densely 10–20-flowered;
shortly acuminate. Petals white, suborbicular, 2–5 mm, nearly pedicels 6–10 mm, densely gray tomentose; bracts linear, 2–4
as broad as long, apex obtuse or emarginate. Stamens 22–25, mm, tomentose. Flowers 4–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium cam-
shorter than to nearly equaling petals. Disk undulate annular or panulate, gray tomentose abaxially. Sepals triangular or ovate-
irregularly lobed. Styles shorter than stamens. Follicles erect or triangular, 1–1.5 mm, nearly as broad as long, erect in fruit,
spreading, wholly pubescent; styles terminal, erect or divergent. rarely reflexed. Petals white, broadly obovate or suborbicular,
Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. Jul–Oct. 2–3 × 2–3 mm, glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex emarginate
● Thickets, slopes, open places, roadsides; 300–2000 m. Anhui, or obtuse. Stamens 20–22, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Disk
Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, annular, 10-lobed; lobes broad. Styles shorter than stamens.
Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, C Shandong, Shanxi, Follicles spreading, white tomentose throughout; styles diver-
Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang. gent, rarely suberect. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
1a. Follicles erect, styles erect; pedicels ● Forests, open dry slopes, roadsides; 400–1200 m. Gansu, Hebei,
more than 10 mm .............................. 31c. var. erecticarpa Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Zhejiang.
1b. Follicles spreading, styles divergent;
33. Spiraea yunnanensis Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 200. 1890.
pedicels usually not more than 10 mm.
2a. Flowers 3–6 mm in diam.; petals 云南绣线菊 yun nan xiu xian ju
2–3.5 mm ...................................... 31a. var. chinensis
2b. Flowers 8–10 mm in diam.; petals Spiraea sinobrahuica W. W. Smith; S. sinobrahuica var.
4–5 mm ..................................... 31b. var. grandiflora aridicola W. W. Smith; S. tortuosa Rehder; S. yunnanensis f.
tortuosa (Rehder) Rehder.
31a. Spiraea chinensis var. chinensis
Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets suberect, slightly bent or
中华绣线菊(原变种) zhong hua xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong) distinctly tortuous, brownish to gray-brown, slender, gray-white
tomentose when young, later glabrous; buds ovoid, small, softly
Pedicels usually 5–9 mm. Flowers 3–6 mm in diam. Petals
hairy initially, apex obtuse. Petiole 2–5 mm, tomentose; leaf
2–3.5 mm. Follicles spreading; styles divergent.
blade adaxially dark green, obovate or ovate to suborbicular, 1–
● Thickets on slopes, open places, roadsides; 500–2000 m. Anhui, 2 × 0.5–1.5 cm, abaxially densely gray tomentose, adaxially
Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, pubescent, 3–5-veined at base, lateral veins prominent, base
 ROSACEAE

cuneate, margin ± obtusely serrate or doubly serrate, sometimes in fruit, apex acute. Petals white, ovate, broadly obovate, or
slightly 3-lobed, entire near base, apex obtuse. Umbels pedun- suborbicular, 2–3.5 × 2–3 mm, apex obtuse or emarginate. Sta-
culate, 1.5–3 × 2–3 cm, 5–25-flowered; pedicels 5–9 mm, mens 25–30, nearly equaling petals. Disk annular, 10-lobed;
densely yellow-white tomentose; bracts linear, 2–3 mm, yel- lobes slightly emarginate at apex. Carpels glabrous, or pubes-
low-white tomentose. Flowers 5–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium cent near base and on adaxial suture; styles shorter than sta-
campanulate, tomentose abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2 × 1– mens. Follicles spreading, puberulous on adaxial suture or
1.5 mm, erect in fruit, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Petals wholly pubescent; styles terminal, slightly divergent or sub-
white, broadly obovate or suborbicular, 3–4 × 2.5–3.5 mm, erect. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex emarginate or obtuse. Sta- Mixed forests, open forests, shady slopes, open or semishaded
mens ca. 20, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Disk annular, almost divi- places, dry rocky slopes; 200–2500 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilong-
ded into 10 emarginate lobes. Carpels gray-white pubescent; jiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong,
styles shorter than stamens. Follicles spreading, sparsely pubes- Shanxi, Sichuan [Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
cent; styles abaxial, somewhat divergent. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Jul–
1a. Follicles puberulous only on adaxial
Oct.
suture ................................................... 35a. var. pubescens
● Dry thickets, mountain valleys, slopes, rocks along gullies, 1b. Follicles wholly pubescent ................. 35b. var. lasiocarpa
roadsides; 1300–2800 m. W Sichuan, Yunnan.
35a. Spiraea pubescens var. pubescens
34. Spiraea siccanea (W. W. Smith) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor.
19: 205. 1933. 土庄绣线菊(原变种) tu zhuang xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong)

干地绣线菊 gan di xiu xian ju Spiraea laucheana Koehne; S. ouensanensis H. Léveillé.

Spiraea yunnanensis Franchet var. siccanea W. W. Smith, Follicles puberulous only on adaxial suture.
Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10: 67. 1917. Mixed forests, open or semishaded places, dry rocky slopes; 200–
2500 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liao-
Shrubs 1–1.5 m tall. Branchlets brown or red-brown,
ning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan [Korea, Mon-
slender, terete, pubescent when young, later glabrescent; buds golia, Russia].
ovoid, with several scales, pubescent initially, apex acute. Peti-
ole 2–5 mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous; leaf blade abaxi- 35b. Spiraea pubescens var. lasiocarpa Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tok-
ally gray-green, adaxially dark green, obovate or oblong, 1–2.5 yo) 42: 465. 1928.
× 0.7–1.8 cm, abaxially subglabrous or puberulous only on 毛果土庄绣线菊 mao guo tu zhuang xiu xian ju
veins, adaxially glabrous, prominently 3–5-veined, base broadly
cuneate or subrounded, margin irregularly crenate above mid- Follicles wholly pubescent.
dle, usually shallowly 3-lobed, apex obtuse. Umbels peduncu- ● Open forests, shady slopes; 400–1600 m. Anhui, Gansu, Henan,
late, 2–3 × 2–2.5 cm, 5–17-flowered; pedicels 7–10 mm, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
densely pubescent; bracts linear, 1.5–3 mm, pubescent. Flowers
36. Spiraea cantoniensis Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: 322. 1790.
4–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, densely pubescent
abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1–1.5 × 1–1.5 mm, mostly erect in 麻叶绣球 ma ye xiu qiu
fruit, apex acute. Petals white, broadly obovate, 3–3.5 × 3.5–4.5 Shrubs to 1.5 m tall. Branchlets arching, dark red-brown,
mm, glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex emarginate. Stamens turning gray-brown when old, slender, terete, glabrous or pu-
18–20, shorter than or nearly equaling petals. Disk conspicuous, bescent; buds ovoid, small, with several scales, glabrous or pu-
10-lobed. Styles shorter than stamens. Follicles spreading, pu- berulous apically or on scale margins. Petiole 4–7 mm, gla-
bescent; styles terminal, slightly divergent, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jun– brous; leaf blade gray-blue abaxially, dark green adaxially,
Jul, fr. Sep–Oct. rhombic-lanceolate to rhombic-oblong, 2–8 × 0.7–2 cm, gla-
● Slopes, open rocky places; 2500–2800 m. NW Yunnan. brous or abaxially pubescent, pinnately veined, base cuneate,
margin incised serrate above middle, apex acute. Umbels pe-
35. Spiraea pubescens Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Natural-
dunculate, 3–4 × 2–3.5 cm, many flowered; rachis and pedicels
istes Moscou 5: 190. 1832.
glabrous or pubescent; pedicels 8–14 mm; bracts linear to lan-
土庄绣线菊 tu zhuang xiu xian ju ceolate, 2–3 mm, glabrous or pubescent. Flowers 5–7 mm in
Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets spreading, slightly bent, yel- diam. Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous or abaxially pubes-
low-brown to black-brown, pubescent when young, later gla- cent. Sepals triangular or ovate-triangular, 1–1.5 × 1.5–2 mm,
brous; buds ovoid or subglobose, with several scales, pubes- erect in fruit, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Petals white, sub-
cent, apex acute or obtuse. Petiole 2–4 mm, pubescent; leaf orbicular or obovate, 2.5–4 × 3–4.5 mm, apex emarginate or
blade rhombic-ovate to elliptic, 2–4.5 × 1.3–2.5 cm, abaxially obtuse. Stamens 20–28, slightly shorter than to nearly equaling
gray-pubescent, adaxially pilose, base broadly cuneate, margin petals. Disk annular, lobed; lobes unequal, suborbicular, apex
deeply incised serrate, sometimes 3-lobed above middle, apex emarginate. Styles shorter than stamens. Follicles straightly
acute. Umbels pedunculate, 2–4.5 × 2–3.5 cm, 15–20-flowered; spreading, glabrous; styles terminal, usually divergent. Fl. Apr–
pedicels 7–12 mm, glabrous; bracts linear, 2–3 mm, pubescent. May, fr. Jul–Sep.
Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous Slopes; 200–300 m. Native at least in N Jiangxi; widely cultivated
abaxially. Sepals ovate-triangular or triangular, 1.5–2 mm, erect elsewhere in China [Japan].
 ROSACEAE

1a. Branchlets pubescent; leaf blades Cultivated. Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shan-
2–8 × 0.7–1.5 cm, abaxially dong, Sichuan [of cultivated, hybrid origin].
pubescent ........................................... 36c. var. jiangxiensis This taxon is a hybrid between S. cantoniensis and S. trilobata.
1b. Branchlets glabrous; leaf blades
3–5 × 1.5–2 cm, glabrous. 38. Spiraea trilobata Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 2: 244. 1771.
2a. Inflorescences and hypanthium
三裂绣线菊 san lie xiu xian ju
glabrous .................................... 36a. var. cantoniensis
2b. Inflorescences and hypanthium Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets spreading, tortuous, yellow-
abaxially pubescent ........................... 36b. var. pilosa brown or purple-brown, turning dark gray-brown, slender, gla-
brous; buds broadly ovoid, small, with several scales, glabrous,
36a. Spiraea cantoniensis var. cantoniensis
apex obtuse. Petiole 3–5 mm, glabrous; leaf blade suborbicular,
麻叶绣球(原变种) ma ye xiu qiu (yuan bian zhong) 1.7–3 × 1.5–3 cm, glabrous or abaxially sparsely pubescent,
conspicuously 3–5-veined, base subcordate or rounded, rarely
Spiraea reevesiana Lindley.
cuneate, margin slightly crenate above middle, usually 3-lobed,
Branchlets glabrous. Leaf blades 3–5 × 1.5–2 cm, gla- apex obtuse. Umbels pedunculate, 2–4(–5) cm, 15–30-flow-
brous. Inflorescences and hypanthium glabrous. ered; pedicels 8–13 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; bracts
Widely cultivated in China [Japan]. oblanceolate or linear, 4–7 mm, deeply divided into slender
lobes. Flowers 6–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, gla-
36b. Spiraea cantoniensis var. pilosa T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. brous or sparsely pubescent abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2
Sin. 8: 216. 1963. mm, erect in fruit, apex acute. Petals white, broadly obovate,
毛萼麻叶绣球 mao e ma ye xiu qiu 2.5–4 mm in diam., apex emarginate. Stamens 18–20, shorter
than petals. Disk annular, 10-lobed; lobes unequal, apex emar-
Branchlets glabrous. Leaf blades 3–5 × 1.5–2 cm, gla- ginate. Carpels pubescent; styles shorter than stamens. Follicles
brous. Inflorescences and hypanthium abaxially pubescent. spreading, glabrous or puberulous only on adaxial suture; styles
● Mostly cultivated. Guangdong, Hunan. slightly divergent. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.

36c. Spiraea cantoniensis var. jiangxiensis (Z. X. Yu) L. T. Thickets, open rocky slopes, montane regions; 400–2400 m. An-
Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 276. 2000. hui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Nei Mon-
gol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Korea, Russia].
江西绣线菊 jiang xi xiu xian ju
1a. Leaf blades, pedicels, and hypanthium
Spiraea jiangxiensis Z. X. Yu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin glabrous ................................................. 38a. var. trilobata
3(1): 151. 1983. 1b. Leaf blades abaxially, pedicels, and
Branchlets pubescent. Leaf blades 2–8 × 0.7–1.5 cm, hypanthium abaxially sparsely
abaxially pubescent. pubescent ............................................. 38b. var. pubescens

● Slopes; 200–300 m. N Jiangxi (Jing’an Xian). 38a. Spiraea trilobata var. trilobata

37. Spiraea ×vanhouttei (Briot) Carrière, Rev. Hort. 48: 260. 三裂绣线菊(原变种) san lie xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong)
1876.
Leaf blades, pedicels, and hypanthium glabrous.
菱叶绣线菊 ling ye xiu xian ju Thickets, open rocky slopes; 400–2400 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei,
Spiraea aquilegiifolia Pallas var. vanhouttei Briot, Rev. Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shan-
Hort. 37: 269. 1866. dong, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Korea, Russia].

Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branchlets arching, red-brown, turning 38b. Spiraea trilobata var. pubescens T. T. Yu, Acta Phyto-
gray-brown to black-brown when old, glabrous; buds ovoid, tax. Sin. 8: 216. 1963.
small, with several scales, glabrous, apex obtuse. Petiole 3–5 毛叶三裂绣线菊 mao ye san lie xiu xian ju
mm, glabrous; leaf blade bluish gray abaxially, dark green
adaxially, rhombic-ovate, 1.5–3.5 × 0.9–1.8 cm, glabrous on Leaf blades abaxially, pedicels, and hypanthium abaxially
both surfaces, inconspicuously 3-veined or pinnately veined, sparsely pubescent.
base cuneate, margin usually 3–5-lobed, incised doubly serrate, ● Montane regions, lower elevations. Nei Mongol, Shanxi.
apex acute. Umbels pedunculate, 2.5–4 cm, many flowered,
leafy at base; pedicels 7–12 mm, glabrous; bracts linear, 2–5 39. Spiraea blumei G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 518. 1832.
mm, glabrous. Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous abaxially.
绣球绣线菊 xiu qiu xiu xian ju
Sepals triangular or ovate-triangular, erect in fruit. Petals white,
suborbicular, 3–4 mm, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Sta- Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets spreading, dark red-brown
mens 20–22, much shorter than petals, some abortive. Disk an- or dark gray-brown, slender, glabrous; buds ovoid, small, with
nular, unevenly lobed. Carpels glabrous; styles shorter than several scales, glabrous, apex acute or obtuse. Petiole 2–4 mm,
stamens. Follicles slightly spreading; styles suberect. Fl. May– glabrous; leaf blade bluish green abaxially, rhombic-ovate to
Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. obovate or broadly ovate, (0.6–0.9 or)2–3.5 × 1–1.8 cm, gla-
 ROSACEAE

brous on both surfaces, inconspicuously 3-veined or pinnately Leaf blades broadly ovate, 0.6–0.9 cm. Pedicels and hy-
veined, base cuneate, margin remotely obtusely incised crenate panthium abaxially glabrous. Carpels and follicles glabrous.
or 3–5-lobed above middle, apex obtuse or mucronate. Umbels
● Dry sunny slopes, limestone mountain valleys; low to medium
pedunculate, 10–25-flowered; rachis glabrous; pedicels 6–10 elevations. Gansu, Henan, Shaanxi.
mm, glabrous to puberulous; bracts lanceolate, 1–3 mm, gla-
brous. Flowers 5–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium shallowly cam- 39d. Spiraea blumei var. pubicarpa Cheng, Contr. Biol. Lab.
panulate, glabrous to puberulous abaxially. Sepals triangular or Chin. Assoc. Advancem. Sci., Sect. Bot. 10: 130. 1936.
ovate-triangular, 1.5–2.5 mm, erect in fruit, apex acute or
毛果绣球绣线菊 mao guo xiu qiu xiu xian ju
shortly acuminate. Petals white, broadly obovate, 2–5 mm,
about as broad as long, apex emarginate. Stamens 18–20, short- Carpels and follicles wholly pubescent.
er than petals. Disk annular, 10-lobed; lobes thin, apex emar-
ginate. Carpels glabrous, puberulous only on adaxial suture, or ● Slopes. Henan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang.
pubescent; styles shorter than stamens. Follicles erect, glabrous Spiraea alaschanica Y. Z. Zhao & T. J. Wang (Bull. Bot. Res.,
or pubescent; styles abaxial, divergent. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Aug– Harbin 20: 362. 2000), described from Ningxia, is related to S. blumei.
Oct. Further study is necessary to determine its identity.

Mixed forests, slopes, limestone mountain valleys, stream sides, 40. Spiraea sublobata Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 451.
roadsides; 500–2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, 1933.
Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mongol,
Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea]. 浅裂绣线菊 qian lie xiu xian ju

1a. Carpels and follicles wholly pubescent Shrubs low, 1–1.5 m tall. Branchlets brownish to red-
.............................................................. 39d. var. pubicarpa brown, tortuous, slender, pubescent when young, finally gla-
1b. Carpels and follicles glabrous. brous; buds ovoid, small, with several scales, pubescent, apex
2a. Leaf blades broadly ovate, acute to acuminate. Petiole 1–3 mm, pubescent; leaf blade
0.6–0.9 cm ................................ 39c. var. microphylla abaxially gray-green, adaxially dark green, ovate to ovate-lan-
2b. Leaf blades rhombic-ovate to ceolate, 2–5 × 1.2–2.5 cm, abaxially pubescent, papillose,
obovate, 2–3.5 cm. adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin
3a. Pedicels and hypanthium deeply incised serrate or lobed above middle, apex acute. Race-
abaxially glabrous; petals mes umbellate, 2–3.5 × 2–2.5 cm, 10–30- or more flowered;
2–3.5 mm .................................. 39a. var. blumei pedicels 5–10 mm, pubescent; bracts linear-lanceolate, 2–4
3b. Pedicels and hypanthium mm, pubescent. Flowers 7–9 mm in diam. Hypanthium cam-
abaxially puberulous; petals panulate, pubescent abaxially. Sepals ovate-triangular, 1.5–2.5
4–5 mm ................................ 39b. var. latipetala mm, erect in fruit, apex acute. Petals white, suborbicular or
obovate, 2.5–4 × 2.5–3.5 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens 45–60,
39a. Spiraea blumei var. blumei longer than petals. Disk annular, ca. 20-lobed; lobes obtuse at
绣球绣线菊(原变种) xiu qiu xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong) apex. Styles shorter than stamens. Follicles spreading, pubes-
cent; styles terminal on abaxial side, somewhat divergent or
Spiraea obtusa Nakai. suberect. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
Leaf blades rhombic-ovate to obovate, 2–3.5 cm. Pedicels ● Broad-leaved forests, thickets, dry slopes; 1500–2800 m. W
and hypanthium abaxially glabrous. Petals 2–3.5 mm. Carpels Sichuan, NE Yunnan.
and follicles glabrous.
41. Spiraea elegans Pojarkova in Komarov, Fl. URSS 9: 490.
Mixed forests, sunny slopes, roadsides; 500–2000 m. Anhui, Fu-
1939.
jian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiang-
su, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Si- 美丽绣线菊 mei li xiu xian ju
chuan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
Shrubs 1–1.5 m tall. Branchlets spreading, red-brown,
39b. Spiraea blumei var. latipetala Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., turning gray-brown or dark brown when old, slightly angled,
Bot. 23: 224. 1887. glabrous; buds ovoid, with several scales, apex acute. Petiole 4–
宽瓣绣球绣线菊 kuan ban xiu qiu xiu xian ju 6 mm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, oblong-ovate, or
lanceolate-elliptic, 1.5–3.5 × 1–1.8 cm (those on sterile branch-
Leaf blades rhombic-ovate, to 3.5 mm. Pedicels and hy-
lets to 5.5 × 2.6 cm), abaxially pubescent only in vein axils,
panthium abaxially puberulous. Petals 4–5 mm. Carpels and
adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, margin irregularly incised
follicles glabrous.
serrate, sometimes doubly serrate above middle, apex subobtuse
● Stream sides, roadsides; low elevations. Anhui, Guangdong, or acute. Racemes umbellate, 2–3.5 cm in diam., 6–16-flow-
Zhejiang. ered; pedicels 7–12 mm, to 16 mm in fruit, glabrous. Flowers
10–15 mm in diam. Hypanthium shallowly campanulate. Sepals
39c. Spiraea blumei var. microphylla Rehder, J. Arnold Ar-
triangular, erect in fruit, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Petals
bor. 9: 55. 1928.
obovate or suborbicular, longer than sepals, apex obtuse. Sta-
小叶绣球绣线菊 xiao ye xiu qiu xiu xian ju mens much longer than petals. Carpels pubescent; styles shorter
 ROSACEAE

than stamens. Follicles erect, yellowish pubescent throughout or 1b. Leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces
only at apex; styles terminal, mostly erect. Fl. May–Jun, fr. or with tufted hairs in vein axils abaxially.
Aug–Sep. 2a. Leaf blades ovate or elliptic-ovate,
1.5–5.5 × 1.4–3.5 cm, margin
Mixed forests, open slopes, rocks; 100–2000 m. Hebei, Heilong-
jiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol [Mongolia, Russia].
irregularly serrate or incised
doubly serrate; inflorescences
42. Spiraea anomala Batalin, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. 6–15-flowered ...................................... 43a. var. laeta
Sada 13: 92. 1893. 2b. Leaf blades ovate to broadly so, 1–2 ×
0.7–1.5 cm, margin sparsely shallowly
异常绣线菊 yi chang xiu xian ju
incised crenate; inflorescences
Shrubs small. Branchlets slightly angled, glabrous; buds 5–10-flowered .................................... 43b. var. tenuis
ovoid, glabrous, with several scales, apex subobtuse or acute.
43a. Spiraea laeta var. laeta
Petiole 4–6 mm, glabrous or pilose; leaf blades triangular-ovate
or lanceolate-ovate, 3–4 × 1.5–2 cm, abaxially pubescent on 华西绣线菊(原变种) hua xi xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong)
veins, adaxially glabrous, midvein prominent on both surfaces, Leaf blades ovate or elliptic-ovate, 1.5–5.5 × 1.4–3.5 cm,
lateral veins 3 or 4 on each side of midvein, base usually trun- glabrous on both surfaces or with tufted hairs in vein axils
cate or subrounded, margin densely doubly serrate above base, abaxially, margin irregularly serrate or incised doubly serrate.
apex acuminate. Racemes borne on new, leafy shoots, umbel- Inflorescences 6–15-flowered.
late, 3–5 × 2–3 cm, 3–6-flowered; pedicels 10–17 mm, pilose
basally; bracts linear, 3–4 mm, glabrous, caducous. Flowers 6– ● Mixed forests on slopes, thickets; 1200–2500 m. Gansu, Gui-
9 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous abaxially. zhou, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan.
Sepals broadly triangular, 2–2.5 × 2.5–3 mm, margin ciliate, 43b. Spiraea laeta var. tenuis Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1:
apex acute to shortly acuminate. Petals white, ovate or sub- 443. 1913.
orbicular, 5–6 × 4–5 mm, glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex
细叶华西绣线菊 xi ye hua xi xiu xian ju
subrounded or obtuse. Stamens ca. 30, longer than petals. Disk
annular. Styles shorter than stamens; stigma discoid. Follicles Leaf blades ovate to broadly so, 1–2 × 0.7–1.5 cm, gla-
slightly spreading, hirsute; styles terminal. Fl. May–Jun. brous on both surfaces or with tufted hairs in vein axils abax-
● Open places, roadsides. Hubei. ially, margin sparsely shallowly incised crenate. Inflorescences
5–10-flowered.
43. Spiraea laeta Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 442. 1913.
● Montane stream sides; 2700–3200 m. W Sichuan.
华西绣线菊 hua xi xiu xian ju
43c. Spiraea laeta var. subpubescens Rehder in Sargent, Pl.
Shrubs to 1.5 m tall. Branchlets often erect, sometimes Wilson. 1: 444. 1913.
tortuous, brownish to red-brown, slightly angled when young,
毛叶华西绣线菊 mao ye hua xi xiu xian ju
mostly glabrous; buds oblong, 2–4 mm, with several scales,
glabrous, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Petiole 4–6 mm, Leaf blades ovate, sparsely sericeous-pubescent abaxially,
glabrous or pilose; leaf blade ovate, broadly so, or elliptic- margin sharply incised doubly serrate. Inflorescences 5–9-flow-
ovate, 1–5.5 × 0.7–3.5 cm, glabrous on both surfaces, some- ered.
times with tufted hairs in vein axils abaxially, or sparsely
● Stream banks, open places, roadsides; low to medium eleva-
sericeous-pubescent abaxially, base cuneate to subrounded,
tions. Gansu, Hubei.
margin irregularly serrate from base or above middle (on sterile
branchlets incised doubly serrate), or sparsely shallowly incised 44. Spiraea papillosa Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 443.
crenate, apex acute. Racemes umbellate, 3–4 × 2–3 cm, 5–15- 1913.
flowered; pedicels 8–17 mm, glabrous; bracts linear, 1.5–3 mm,
乳突绣线菊 ru tu xiu xian ju
glabrous. Flowers 8–12 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate,
glabrous abaxially. Sepals broadly triangular, 2–3 × 1.5–2.5 Shrubs 2–3 m tall. Branchlets brownish to purple-brown,
mm, usually reflexed in fruit, apex acute. Petals white, broadly slender, slightly angled, glabrous, puberulous, or pubescent;
ovate or suborbicular, 2.5–5 × 2–4.5 mm, glabrous, base shortly buds brownish, ovoid, small, with several scales, pubescent,
clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens 30–40, slightly longer than pet- apex obtuse or acute. Petiole 2–3 mm, sericeous-villous; leaf
als. Disk annular, shallowly crenate. Styles shorter than sta- blade gray-green abaxially, dark green adaxially, oblong or
mens. Follicles slightly spreading, glabrous or slightly pubes- ovate, 2–4 × 0.8–1.5 cm, appressed sericeous-villous on both
cent adaxially; styles terminal, divergent or suberect. Fl. Apr– surfaces, papillose abaxially, base cuneate, margin with 3–7
Jun, fr. Jul–Oct. large, sharp teeth on each side above middle, apex acute or
shortly acuminate. Racemes umbellate, 3–5 × 2–3.5 cm, 12–20-
● Mixed forests on slopes, thickets, stream sides, open places,
flowered; pedicels slender, 6–12 mm, glabrous or pubescent;
roadsides; below 3200 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan,
Yunnan. bracts linear or lanceolate, 3–5 mm, slightly villous. Flowers 8–
10 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous abaxially.
1a. Leaf blades sparsely sericeous- Sepals triangular, 1.5–2 × 2–3 mm, reflexed in fruit, apex acute
pubescent abaxially ........................ 43c. var. subpubescens or shortly acuminate. Petals white, suborbicular, 3.5–4.5 mm in
 ROSACEAE

diam., glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens 40– several brown scales, pubescent, apex acuminate. Petiole 1–2
50, longer than petals. Disk annular, crenulate. Styles ca. 4 mm, mm, densely sericeous; leaf blade abaxially grayish green,
shorter than stamens. Follicles suberect, glabrous or puberulous adaxially dark green, ovate-elliptic or elliptic, 1.5–4.5 × 0.7–1.5
along adaxial suture; styles terminal. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. cm, abaxially densely accumbent sericeous, adaxially pilose,
● Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, thickets on slopes;
distinctly pinnately veined, base cuneate, margin entire (or on
1300–3500 m. W Sichuan, NW Yunnan. sterile branchlets 2–5-serrate on each side), apex acute. Race-
mes pedunculate, umbellate, 3–6 × 2–3(–4) cm, 15–30-flow-
1a. Branchlets, pedicels, and follicles ered; pedicels 6–10 mm, glabrous or pilose; bracts linear,
usually glabrous .................................... 44a. var. papillosa minute, glabrous. Flowers 4–5 mm in diam. Hypanthium sub-
1b. Branchlets and pedicels pubescent; campanulate, glabrous abaxially. Sepals ovate, 1–2 mm, reflex-
follicles puberulous on adaxial ed in fruit, apex obtuse. Petals white, suborbicular, 2–3 mm,
suture ................................................ 44b. var. yunnanensis nearly as broad as long, base shortly clawed. Stamens 15–20,
unequal, longer ones ca. 2 × as long as petals, shorter ones
44a. Spiraea papillosa var. papillosa
nearly equaling petals. Disk annular, distinctly 10-lobed. Styles
乳突绣线菊(原变种) ru tu xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong) shorter than stamens. Follicles divergent, pubescent; styles ter-
Branchlets, pedicels, and follicles usually glabrous. minal. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.

● Thickets on slopes; 1300–2000 m. W Sichuan. Mixed forests, grasslands, dry slopes; 500–1100 m. Gansu, Hei-
longjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Si-
44b. Spiraea papillosa var. yunnanensis T. T. Yu, Acta Phy- chuan, Yunnan [Japan, Mongolia, Russia].
totax. Sin. 8: 216. 1963.
47. Spiraea prostrata Maximowicz, Trudy Imp. S.-Peter-
云南乳突绣线菊 yun nan ru tu xiu xian ju burgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 184. 1879.
Branchlets and pedicels pubescent. Follicles puberulous on 平卧绣线菊 ping wo xiu xian ju
adaxial suture.
Shrubs low, prostrate. Branchlets dark red-brown when
● Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests; 3300–3500 m. SW
Sichuan, NW Yunnan. old, slender, terete, densely yellow-gray villous initially, later
glabrescent; buds ovoid, short, with several scales, villous, apex
45. Spiraea lichiangensis W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. acute. Petiole almost absent; leaf blade broadly ovate, 0.8–1.5 ×
Edinburgh 10: 66. 1915. 0.5–1 cm, densely sericeous on both surfaces, with 2 pairs of
丽江绣线菊 li jiang xiu xian ju prominent lateral veins basally, base rounded or broadly cu-
neate, margin with 3–7 teeth near apex, apex acute. Racemes
Shrubs 1.2–1.8 m tall. Branchlets brown to purple, shin- shortly pedunculate, umbellate, 7–15-flowered; pedicels 7–8
ing, slender, glabrous; buds small, with several scales, whitish mm, sparsely villous; bracts lanceolate, 2–4 mm, sparsely vil-
villous, apex acute. Petiole slender, 3–5 mm, glabrous; leaf lous, later glabrescent. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium
blade abaxially greenish, adaxially green, broadly ovate, 2.5– cupular, 1–1.5 mm, sparsely villous abaxially. Sepals ovate-
3.5 × 2–2.5 cm, glabrous on both surfaces, abaxially densely
triangular, nearly equaling tube, reflexed in fruit, apex acute.
minutely papillose, veins prominent, base rounded, margin with
Petals white, orbicular, base shortly clawed. Stamens somewhat
3–5 indistinct, obtusely triangular teeth on each side above mid-
shorter than petals. Disk annular, 10-lobed; lobes triangular-
dle. Racemes pedunculate, umbellate, 2–4 × 1.5–2(–3) cm, 5–
ovate. Styles shorter than stamens. Follicles spreading, pubes-
10-flowered; pedicels 1–1.5 cm, glabrous; bracts linear or lan-
cent on adaxial suture; styles terminal on abaxial side, erect or
ceolate, 1.5–3 mm, glabrous. Flowers 10–12 mm in diam. Hy-
somewhat divergent. Fr. Jun–Jul.
panthium campanulate, glabrous abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1–
1.5 × 1.5–2 mm, apex acute. Petals white, orbicular, 4–5 mm in ● Thickets, mountain regions, river banks. Gansu, Hubei, Shaan-
diam., glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse, rarely emar- xi.
ginate. Stamens 40–50, longer than petals. Disk annular, lobed.
48. Spiraea media Schmidt, Österr. Allg. Baumz. 1: 53. 1792.
Carpels glabrous; styles terminal, 3–4 mm; stigma capitate. Fol-
licles unknown. Fl. Jun–Jul. 欧亚绣线菊 ou ya xiu xian ju
● Open Pinus forests, thickets; 3500–4000 m. NW Yunnan (Li-
Shrubs erect, to 2 m tall. Branchlets red-brown turning
jiang Xian).
gray-brown to black-brown when old, slender, subterete, gla-
46. Spiraea sericea Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes brous or subglabrous; buds brownish, ovoid, 1–3 mm, with sev-
Moscou 16: 591. 1843. eral scales, glabrous, apex acute. Petiole 1–2 mm, glabrous; leaf
绢毛绣线菊 juan mao xiu xian ju blade elliptic to lanceolate, 1–2.5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, glabrous on
both surfaces or puberulous in vein axils abaxially, pinnately
Spiraea confusa Regel & Körnicke var. sericea (Turc- veined, base cuneate, margin entire or 2–5-serrate, apex acute,
zaninow) Regel; S. media Schmidt var. sericea (Turczaninow) rarely obtuse. Racemes pedunculate, umbellate, 2–4 × 2–3 cm,
Maximowicz. 9–15-flowered; pedicels 1–1.5 cm, glabrous; bracts lanceolate,
Shrubs erect, to 2 m tall. Branchlets brown turning gray- glabrous, caducous. Flowers 0.7–1 cm in diam. Hypanthium
brown or gray-red when old, subterete, sericeous-villous initi- broadly campanulate, glabrous abaxially. Sepals ovate-triangu-
ally, later glabrescent; buds long ovoid, 3–5 × 1.5–3 mm, with lar, 1.5–2.5 mm, glabrous or puberulous, reflexed in fruit, apex
 ROSACEAE

obtuse or acute. Petals white, suborbicular, 3–4.5 mm, about as 西藏绣线菊 xi zang xiu xian ju
broad as long, glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse or
Spiraea tibetica T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin.
emarginate. Stamens ca. 45, longer than petals. Disk undulate
18: 491. 1980, not S. thibetica Bureau & Franchet (1891).
annular or irregularly lobed. Styles shorter than stamens. Folli-
cles straightly spreading, pubescent; styles terminal, divergent. Shrubs to 1.5 m tall. Branchlets red-brown or gray-brown,
Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug. terete or sparsely angled, pubescent, glabrous when old; buds
Mixed forests, grassy slopes, rocky montane regions; 700–1600 ovoid, small, with several scales, pubescent. Leaves fascicled;
m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang petiole almost absent; leaf blade glaucous bloomed abaxially,
[Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; C Asia, Europe]. oblong-obovate or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 7–15 × 2–5
mm, pubescent on both surfaces, base cuneate, margin entire,
49. Spiraea tarokoensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 9: 38. 1920.
apex subobtuse or acute. Racemes pedunculate, umbellate, 15–
太鲁阁绣线菊 tai lu ge xiu xian ju 30-flowered; pedicels 3–6 mm, glabrous; bracts linear, gla-
brous. Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, gla-
Shrubs low. Branchlets brownish purple, slender, slightly
brous abaxially. Sepals triangular or triangular-ovate, erect in
angled, pubescent when young, later glabrescent; buds ovoid,
fruit, apex obtuse or acute. Petals pinkish to purple-red, sub-
small, with several scales, apex obtuse or subacute. Petiole 3–4
mm, villous; leaf blade rhombic-obovate, 12–20 × 8–14 mm, orbicular or obovate, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens
abaxially sparsely villous on veins, adaxially glabrous, veins 15–20, nearly equaling petals; anthers yellowish. Disk 10-
raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, base cuneate, margin lobed. Carpels glabrous or puberulous. Follicles spreading, gla-
sparsely crenate-serrate above middle, apex subobtuse. Race- brous or pilose on adaxial suture; styles on abaxial side, sub-
mes terminal, pedunculate, umbellate, 15–20-flowered; pedun- erect. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
cle villous; pedicels 7–10 mm, glabrous; bracts linear. Hypan- ● Thickets on slopes, river banks; 4200–4300 m. Xizang.
thium campanulate, glabrous abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1–1.5
52. Spiraea myrtilloides Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 140.
mm, about as broad as long, recurved in fruit, apex acute. Petals
1913.
white, subovate or orbicular, ca. 2 × 3 mm, glabrous, base
shortly clawed, apex emarginate. Stamens ca. 20, unequal; fila- 细枝绣线菊 xi zhi xiu xian ju
ments ca. 2 mm; anthers reniform. Disk annular, 10-lobed;
Shrubs 2–3 m tall, much branched. Branchlets red-brown
lobes emarginate at apex. Carpels villous; styles shorter than
to dark brown, angled, sparsely villous or subglabrous; buds
stamens. Follicles spreading; styles abaxial. Fl. Mar–May, fr.
ovoid, 3–4 mm, with several brown scales, glabrous or sub-
Jun–Aug.
glabrous, apex acute. Petiole 1–2 mm, glabrous or subglabrous;
● Coastal limestone areas. E Taiwan. leaf blade abaxially greenish, ovate to ovate-oblong or obovate-
50. Spiraea alpina Pallas, Fl. Ross. 1: 35. 1784. oblong, 6–15 × 4–7 mm, abaxially sparsely pubescent or
glabrous, adaxially glabrous, inconspicuously pinnately veined,
高山绣线菊 gao shan xiu xian ju prominently 3-veined basally, base cuneate, margin entire or
with ca. 3 obtuse teeth near apex, apex obtuse, rarely acute.
Shrubs to 1.2 m tall, much branched. Branches erect or
Racemes umbellate, 2–4 × 2–3.5 cm, 7–20- or more flowered;
spreading; branchlets red-brown, turning gray-brown when old,
rachis and pedicels glabrous or sparsely pubescent; pedicels 3–
conspicuously angled, pubescent when young, finally glabrous;
8 mm; bracts linear or lanceolate, 2–3 mm, glabrous. Flowers
buds ovoid, small, with several scales, glabrous. Leaves mostly
5–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous or subgla-
tufted; petiole very short or nearly absent; leaf blade gray-green
brous abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1–1.5 mm, erect or spreading
and glaucous bloomed abaxially, linear-lanceolate to oblong-
in fruit, apex acute. Petals white, suborbicular, 2–3 mm, about
obovate, 7–16 × 2–5 mm, glabrous on both surfaces, veins in- as broad as long, glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse.
conspicuous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse or acute. Stamens ca. 20, equaling petals. Disk annular, 10-lobed. Car-
Racemes pedunculate, umbellate, 1.5–2(–3) × 1.5–2 cm, up to pels puberulous; styles shorter than stamens. Follicles straightly
20-flowered; pedicels 5–8 mm, glabrous; bracts linear, small, spreading, glabrous, puberulous only on adaxial suture, or
caducous. Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, densely pubescent throughout; styles terminal, divergent. Fl.
glabrous abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1–2 × 1.5–2 mm, erect or Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
semispreading in fruit, apex acute. Petals white, obovate or
suborbicular, 2–3 mm, about as broad as long, base shortly ● Mixed forests, open forests, valleys, slopes, shady places; 1500–
clawed, apex obtuse or emarginate. Stamens ca. 20, slightly 3100 m. Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xi-
zang, Yunnan.
shorter than to subequaling petals. Disk distinct, annular, 10-
lobed. Carpels pubescent; styles shorter than stamens. Follicles 1a. Follicles glabrous or puberulous only
spreading, glabrous or pilose on adaxial suture; styles subter- on adaxial suture ............................... 52a. var. myrtilloides
minal, divergent. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. 1b. Follicles densely pubescent throughout
Thickets, valleys, open slopes, roadsides; 2000–4000 m. Gansu, .............................................................. 52b. var. pubicarpa
Henan, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Mongo- 52a. Spiraea myrtilloides var. myrtilloides
lia, Russia, Sikkim].
细枝绣线菊(原变种) xi zhi xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong)
51. Spiraea xizangensis L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 276.
2000. Spiraea microphylla H. Léveillé; S. virgata Franchet.
 ROSACEAE

Follicles glabrous or puberulous only on adaxial suture. 55. Spiraea flexuosa Fischer ex Cambessèdes, Ann. Sci. Nat.
● Mixed forests, valleys, slopes; 1500–3100 m. Gansu, Henan, (Paris) 1: 365. 1824.
Hubei, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan. 曲萼绣线菊 qu e xiu xian ju
52b. Spiraea myrtilloides var. pubicarpa T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Shrubs to 1.5 m. Branchlets, brown-yellow to purple-
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(1): 101. 1975. brown, slender and slightly flexuose, angled when young, gla-
毛果细枝绣线菊 mao guo xi zhi xiu xian ju brous; buds long ovoid, 2–5 mm, with 2 scales, puberulous
initially, finally glabrous, apex acuminate. Petiole 2–5 mm,
Follicles densely pubescent throughout. glabrous or pilose; leaf blade abaxially glaucous, oblong-elliptic
to oblong-ovate, 1–5 × 0.9–2.5 cm, abaxially subglabrous to pu-
● Open forests, slopes, shady places; 2800–3000 m. Gansu.
bescent (especially on veins) or pilose, adaxially glabrous or
53. Spiraea ningshiaensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. pubescent, base cuneate to rounded, margin sharply serrate
Sin. 13(1): 100. 1975. above middle or near apex, rarely entire, apex acute or shortly
acuminate. Racemes pedunculate, umbellate, 1.5–3 × 1.5–2.5
宁夏绣线菊 ning xia xiu xian ju
cm, 4–10-flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous or pilose;
Shrubs small. Branchlets dark red-brown, flexuose, dis- pedicels 5–15(–20) mm; bracts elliptic-lanceolate to linear, 1.5–
tinctly angled, densely pubescent initially, subglabrous when 3 mm, glabrous, caducous. Flowers 5–8 mm in diam. Hypan-
old; buds ovoid, nearly equaling petioles, with several dark thium campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals ovate-triangular,
brown scales, pubescent. Petiole 1–3 mm, pubescent when 2–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, reflexed in fruit, apex acute. Petals white,
young; leaf blade broadly ovate, 7–14 × 5–9 mm, slightly pu- sometimes pinkish, ovate to oblong, 3–4 mm, nearly as broad
bescent on both surfaces when young, glabrous when old, 3- as long, glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens
veined basally, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin entire ca. 20, longer than petals. Disk annular, 10-lobed. Styles shorter
or sometimes 3-lobed apically, apex obtuse. Racemes pedun- than stamens. Follicles erect, pubescent; styles terminal, erect.
culate, umbellate, 1–1.5 cm; rachis and pedicels glabrous; ped- Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
icels 4–5 mm, to 8 mm in fruit; bracts lanceolate to elliptic, 2–4 Broad-leaved and mixed forests, forest margins, river banks,
mm, glabrous, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Hypanthium sandy hills, slopes; 600–2000 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei
campanulate, glabrous abaxially. Sepals triangular or ovate- Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
triangular, 1–1.5 mm, about as broad as long, erect in fruit, apex
acute. Follicles erect-spreading, slightly pubescent on adaxial 1a. Leaf blades subglabrous or pilose abaxially,
suture; styles on abaxial side, divergent. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug– base cuneate, rarely subrounded;
Sep. inflorescences glabrous .......................... 55a. var. flexuosa
1b. Leaf blades pubescent, more densely so
● Mountain valleys, river banks; 1700–2000 m. N Ningxia (Helan
on veins abaxially, base rounded;
Shan).
inflorescences pilose ............................ 55b. var. pubescens
54. Spiraea dahurica (Ruprecht) Maximowicz, Trudy Imp. S.-
55a. Spiraea flexuosa var. flexuosa
Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 190. 1879.
曲萼绣线菊(原变种) qu e xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong)
窄叶绣线菊 zhai ye xiu xian ju
Spiraea chamaedryfolia Linnaeus var. flexuosa (Fischer ex
Spiraea alpina Pallas var. dahurica Ruprecht, Bull. Cl. Cambessèdes) Maximowicz.
Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 15: 362. 1857.
Leaf blades subglabrous or pilose abaxially, base cuneate,
Shrubs 1–1.5 m tall. Branchlets arching, red-brown when rarely subrounded. Inflorescences glabrous.
young, dark gray-brown when old, shining, slender, terete, gla-
brous; buds brownish, ovoid, 1–3 mm, with several scales, gla- Broad-leaved and mixed forests, forest margins, river banks,
sandy hills, rocky slopes; 600–2000 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning,
brous, apex acute. Petiole 1–2(–4) mm, glabrous; leaf blade
Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
long elliptic to linear-lanceolate, 0.9–2.5 × 0.4–0.9 cm, glabrous
on both surfaces, pinnately veined, base cuneate, margin entire 55b. Spiraea flexuosa var. pubescens Liou, Ill. Fl. Lign. Pl. N.
or 2–5-serrate apically, apex acute. Racemes umbellate, 1.5–2 E. China, 288, 563. 1955.
cm, usually 10–20-flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous;
柔毛曲萼绣线菊 rou mao qu e xiu xian ju
pedicels 7–18 mm; bracts linear to lanceolate, 2–3 mm, gla-
brous, caducous. Flowers 6–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium broad- Leaf blades pubescent, more densely so on veins abax-
ly campanulate, glabrous abaxially. Sepals shortly triangular, 1– ially, base rounded. Inflorescences pilose.
1.5 mm, glabrous, reflexed in fruit, apex subobtuse or acute. ● Mixed forests, slopes; below 1000 m. Liaoning, Nei Mongol,
Petals white, suborbicular or broadly ovate, 1.5–2.5 mm, about Shanxi.
as broad as long. Disk 10-lobed; lobes suborbicular. Carpels
glabrous or puberulous; styles shorter than stamens. Follicles 56. Spiraea chamaedryfolia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 489. 1753.
straightly divergent, glabrous or puberulous on adaxial suture; 石蚕叶绣线菊 shi can ye xiu xian ju
styles terminal.
Spiraea ussuriensis Pojarkova.
Thickets, slopes, rocks; below 1000 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Liao-
ning, Nei Mongol [Mongolia, Russia]. Shrubs 1–1.5 m tall. Branchlets brownish or red-brown,
 ROSACEAE

turning gray-brown when old, slender, sometimes flexuose, 蒙古绣线菊(原变种) meng gu xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong)
slightly angled, glabrous; buds long ovoid, with 2 scales, gla-
Spiraea crenifolia C. A. Meyer var. mongolica Maximo-
brous or sparsely puberulous on scale margins, apex acuminate.
wicz, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 181. 1879; S.
Petiole 4–7 mm, glabrous or sparsely pilose; leaf blade broadly
gemmata Zabel.
ovate, 2–4.5 × 1–3 mm, tufted pubescent in vein axils abaxially,
glabrous adaxially, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin Branchlets, buds, and petioles glabrous. Follicles glabrous,
minutely sharply serrate and doubly serrate (or on sterile or puberulous only on adaxial suture.
branchlets sometimes incised doubly serrate), apex acute. Race- ● Thickets on slopes, mountain summits, rocky valleys; 1600–
mes pedunculate, umbellate, 2–4 × 2–3 mm, 5–12-flowered; 3600 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi,
rachis and pedicels glabrous; pedicels 6–10 mm; bracts linear, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang.
2–3 mm, glabrous, caducous. Flowers 6–9 mm in diam. Hy-
panthium broadly campanulate, glabrous abaxially. Sepals 57b. Spiraea mongolica var. tomentulosa T. T. Yu, Acta Phy-
ovate-triangular, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, reflexed in fruit, apex totax. Sin. 8: 216. 1963.
acute. Petals white, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 2.5–3.5 × 2– 毛枝蒙古绣线菊 mao zhi meng gu xiu xian ju
3 mm, glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse or somewhat
incised. Stamens 35–50, longer than petals. Disk undulate annu- Spiraea mongolica var. pubescens Y. Z. Zhao & T. J.
lar. Carpels puberulous on adaxial suture; styles shorter than Wang; S. tomentulosa (T. T. Yu) Y. Z. Zhao (1987), not Ryd-
stamens. Follicles erect, appressed pubescent; styles terminal on berg (1908).
adaxial side, slightly spreading. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. Branchlets, buds, and petioles densely shortly tomentose.
Slopes in mixed forests, forest clearings; 600–1000 m. Hebei, Follicles wholly pubescent.
Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Japan, Korea, ● Forests, thickets, sunny rocky slopes, stream sides; 1500–4700
Mongolia, Russia; Europe]. m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Xizang.
57. Spiraea mongolica Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.- 58. Spiraea mollifolia Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 441.
Pétersbourg 27: 467. 1881. 1913.
蒙古绣线菊 meng gu xiu xian ju 毛叶绣线菊 mao ye xiu xian ju
Shrubs to 3 m tall. Branchlets red-brown to gray-brown, Shrubs to 2 m. Branchlets brown to red-brown, conspicu-
slender, angled, glabrous or densely shortly tomentose when ously angled, villous initially, later glabrescent; buds ovoid-lan-
young; buds long ovoid, longer than petioles, with 2 brownish ceolate, 5–7 × 3–4 mm, with 2 red-brown scales, pubescent
scales, glabrous or densely shortly tomentose, apex long acu- when young, apex long acuminate. Petiole 2–6 mm, pubescent;
minate. Petiole 1–2 mm, glabrous or densely shortly tomentose; leaf blade oblong, elliptic, rarely obovate, 1–2 × 0.4–0.8 cm,
leaf blade abaxially paler, oblong or elliptic, 8–20 × 3.5–7 mm, sericeous-villous on both surfaces or subglabrous to glabrous
glabrous on both surfaces, rarely puberulous abaxially, pin- abaxially, base cuneate, margin entire or with a few obtuse teeth
nately veined, base cuneate, margin entire, rarely with a few apically, apex obtuse or acute. Racemes pedunculate, umbel-
teeth near apex, apex obtuse, acute, or mucronate. Racemes late, 2–4 × 1.5–3 cm, 10–18-flowered; rachis and pedicels vil-
pedunculate, umbellate, 2–5 × 1.5–3 cm, 8–15-flowered; rachis lous or pilose; pedicels 4–8 mm; bracts narrowly oblong or li-
and pedicels glabrous; pedicels 5–10 mm; bracts linear, 1.5–3 near, 2–4 mm, villous on both surfaces, margin entire, apex
mm, glabrous, caducous. Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Hypanthi- shortly acuminate. Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium cam-
um subcampanulate, glabrous abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1–2 panulate, glabrous to villous abaxially, sometimes pilose. Se-
× 1.5–2.5 mm, erect or slightly reflexed in fruit, apex acute.
pals triangular, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, erect in fruit, apex acute.
Petals white, suborbicular, 2–4 m, about as broad as long, gla-
Petals white, suborbicular, 2–3 mm, about as broad as long,
brous, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse, rarely emarginate.
apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 20, nearly equaling petals. Disk an-
Stamens 18–25, nearly equaling petals. Disk annular, 10-lobed;
nular, 10-lobed; lobes broadly orbicular. Styles shorter than sta-
lobes orbicular. Carpels pubescent; styles shorter than stamens.
mens. Follicles straightly spreading, pubescent; styles subtermi-
Follicles straightly spreading, glabrous, wholly pubescent, or
nal on abaxial side. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Jul–Oct.
puberulous only on adaxial suture; styles abaxial. Fl. May–Jul,
fr. Jul–Sep. ● Forests, forest margins, thickets, mountain valleys, subalpine
meadows, slopes, river banks; 2600–4400 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Shaanxi,
● Forests, thickets, sunny rocky slopes, mountain summits, rocky
Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
valleys, stream sides; 1500–4700 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Nei Mongol,
Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang. 1a. Leaf blades abaxially, inflorescences,
and hypanthium abaxially villous ........ 58a. var. mollifolia
1a. Branchlets, buds, and petioles glabrous;
1b. Leaf blades abaxially glabrous or
follicles glabrous or puberulous only
subglabrous; inflorescences pilose;
on adaxial suture ................................. 57a. var. mongolica
hypanthium abaxially glabrous, or
1b. Branchlets, buds, and petioles densely
pilose only on tube ................................ 58b. var. glabrata
shortly tomentose; follicles wholly
pubescent .......................................... 57b. var. tomentulosa 58a. Spiraea mollifolia var. mollifolia
57a. Spiraea mongolica var. mongolica 毛叶绣线菊(原变种) mao ye xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong)
 ROSACEAE

Leaf blades abaxially, inflorescences, and hypanthium appressed pubescent abaxially;

abaxially villous. follicles glabrous ...... 59c. var. pseudoprunifolia
● Forests, forest margins, thickets, mountain valleys, slopes; 59a. Spiraea prunifolia var. prunifolia
2600–4200 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
笑靥花(原变种) xiao yan hua (yuan bian zhong)
58b. Spiraea mollifolia var. glabrata T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 492. 1980. Spiraea prunifolia var. plena C. K. Schneider.
光秃绣线菊 guang tu xiu xian ju Leaf blades thinly pubescent abaxially, margin minutely
sharply serrate from near base or above middle to apex. Flowers
Leaf blades abaxially glabrous or subglabrous. Inflores-
double, 1–1.2 cm in diam. Hypanthium pubescent abaxially.
cences pilose. Hypanthium abaxially glabrous, or pilose only
on tube. Commonly cultivated in China [native to Japan and Korea].
● Valley thickets, subalpine meadows, rocky slopes, river banks; 59b. Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora (Nakai) Nakai, Fl.
3200–4400 m. Xizang. Sylv. Kor. 4: 18. 1916.
59. Spiraea prunifolia Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. 1: 131. 单瓣笑靥花 dan ban xiao yan hua
1840.
Spiraea prunifolia f. simpliciflora Nakai, J. Coll. Sci. Imp.
笑靥花 xiao yan hua
Univ. Tokyo 26: 172. 1908; Spiraea simpliciflora (Nakai)
Shrubs to 3 m. Branchlets red-brown, turning gray-brown Nakai.
to black-brown when old, slender, slightly angled, pubescent
Leaf blades sparsely thinly pubescent abaxially, glabre-
initially, later gradually glabrescent; buds ovoid, small, with
scent when old, margin mostly minutely sharply serrate from
several scales, glabrous, apex subobtuse or subacute. Petiole 2–
near base or above middle to apex. Flowers single, less than 1
4 mm, pubescent; leaf blade ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 1.5–3 ×
cm in diam. Hypanthium pubescent abaxially. Follicles pubes-
0.7–1.4 cm, pubescent on both surfaces initially, later glabre-
cent on adaxial suture.
scent adaxially or on both surfaces, or glabrous, pinnately vein-
ed, base cuneate, margin minutely sharply serrate from base or ● Thickets, slopes, rocks; 500–1000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Henan,
above middle to apex, or 1–4-serrate on each side near apex, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
apex acute. Umbels sessile, 2–3 × 1.5–3 cm, 3–6-flowered, with
59c. Spiraea prunifolia var. pseudoprunifolia (Hayata ex
a few clustered leaves at base; pedicels 10–24 mm, pubescent;
Nakai) H. L. Li, Lloydia 14: 236. 1951.
bracts leaflike, 4–7 × 3–5 mm, puberulous on both surfaces
initially, finally glabrescent, apex indistinctly minutely serrate. 假笑靥花 jia xiao yan hua
Flowers single in wild plants, double in cultivated plants (var.
Spiraea pseudoprunifolia Hayata ex Nakai, Bot. Mag.
prunifolia), to 1.2 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, short-
(Tokyo) 29: 75. 1915.
er than sepals, pubescent or glabrous abaxially. Sepals triang-
ular or ovate-triangular, 1.5–2 mm, shorter than petals, apex Leaf blades densely persistently appressed pubescent
acute. Petals white, obovate or suborbicular, longer than sepals, abaxially, margin mostly minutely sharply serrate from near
glabrous. Follicles glabrous, or pubescent along adaxial suture. base or above middle to apex. Flowers single, less than 1 cm in
Fl. Mar–May. diam. Hypanthium pubescent abaxially. Follicles glabrous.
Thickets, slopes, rocks, steep dry cliffs, sunny places; also com- ● Sunny places; ca. 1500 m. Taiwan.
monly cultivated (var. prunifolia); near sea level to 1500 m. Anhui,
Fujian, Guizhou, Guangdong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, 59d. Spiraea prunifolia var. hupehensis (Rehder) Rehder, J.
Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea]. Arnold Arbor. 1: 258. 1920.
1a. Flowers double, 1–1.2 cm in diam. ..... 59a. var. prunifolia 光笑靥花 guang xiao yan hua
1b. Flowers single, to 1 cm in diam.
2a. Leaf blades glabrous abaxially, Spiraea hypericifolia Linnaeus var. hupehensis Rehder in
margin 1–4-serrate on each side Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 439. 1913.
near apex; hypanthium often Leaf blades glabrous abaxially, margin 1–4-serrate on
glabrous abaxially ...................... 59d. var. hupehensis each side near apex. Flowers single, less than 1 cm in diam.
2b. Leaf blades densely or sparsely Hypanthium glabrous abaxially. Follicles glabrous.
pubescent abaxially, margin mostly
● Steep dry cliffs; near sea level to 300 m. Hubei, Shaanxi.
minutely sharply serrate from near
base or above middle to apex; 60. Spiraea thunbergii Siebold ex Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.
hypanthium pubescent abaxially. 17: 1115. 1826.
3a. Leaf blades sparsely thinly
珍珠绣线菊 zhen zhu xiu xian ju
pubescent abaxially, glabrescent
when old; follicles pubescent Shrubs to 1.5 m. Branches spreading, arching, slender;
on adaxial suture ............. 59b. var. simpliciflora branchlets brown to red-brown, angled, pubescent at first, final-
3b. Leaf blades densely persistently ly glabrous; buds ovoid, very small, with several scales, gla-
 ROSACEAE

brous or puberulous. Petiole 1–2 mm, pubescent; leaf blade Leaf blades pubescent on both surfaces. Pedicels 5–9 mm,
linear-lanceolate, 25–40 × 3–7 mm, glabrous on both surfaces, glabrous. Follicles glabrous or puberulous only on adaxial su-
pinnately veined, base narrowly cuneate, margin sharply serrate ture.
above middle, apex long acuminate. Umbels sessile, with clus- ● Thickets, mountain valleys, dry slopes, roadsides; 1400–2100
tered leaves at base, 10–18 mm, 3–7-flowered; pedicels slender, m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
6–10 mm, glabrous. Flowers 6–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium
campanulate, glabrous abaxially. Sepals triangular or ovate- 61b. Spiraea martini var. pubescens T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax.
triangular, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 mm, erect or reflexed in fruit, apex Sin. 8: 217. 1963.
acute. Petals white, obovate to suborbicular, 2–4 × 2–3.5 mm, 长梗毛枝绣线菊 chang geng mao zhi xiu xian ju
glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex emarginate or obtuse. Sta-
Leaf blades pubescent on both surfaces. Pedicels 8–15
mens 18–20, to 1/3 as long as petals. Disk annular, 10-lobed.
mm, pubescent. Follicles pilose.
Carpels glabrous or puberulous; styles nearly equaling stamens.
Follicles spreading, glabrous; styles subterminal, divergent. Fl. ● Mountain thickets on limestone; ca. 700 m. SE Yunnan (Funing
Apr–May, fr. Jul–Aug. Xian).

Native in E China; cultivated for ornament in Fujian, Jiangsu, 61c. Spiraea martini var. tomentosa T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax.
Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Zhejiang, and other provinces [Japan]. Sin. 8: 217. 1963.
61. Spiraea martini H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni 绒毛毛枝绣线菊 rong mao mao zhi xiu xian ju
Veg. 9: 321. 1911.
Leaf blades densely yellow tomentose on both surfaces.
毛枝绣线菊 mao zhi xiu xian ju ● Roadsides; ca. 2000 m. SE Yunnan (Jianshui Xian).
Shrubs 1.5–2.5 cm. Branchlets terete or slightly angled, 62. Spiraea cavaleriei H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
yellow-brown and densely tomentose when young, brownish to
Veg. 9: 321. 1911.
red-brown and glabrescent when old; buds ovoid, small, pu-
bescent, with several scales, apex subobtuse. Petiole 1–2 mm, 独山绣线菊 du shan xiu xian ju
yellow pubescent initially, later glabrescent; leaf blades abax-
Shrubs small. Branchlets slender, terete, pubescent; buds
ially gray, unequal, broadly obovate, rarely suborbicular or
small, with several brown scales, apex acute or subobtuse.
broadly elliptic, larger ones 8–17 × 5–10 mm, smaller ones 2–5
Petiole 2–4 mm, densely tomentose-pubescent; leaf blade
× 2–3 mm, densely yellow tomentose on both surfaces, or
broadly ovate or suborbicular, 1.5–2(–2.5) × 1–1.5 cm, abaxi-
abaxially densely pubescent, adaxially puberulous when young
and later glabrescent, pinnately veined or prominently 3-veined, ally densely gray tomentose-pubescent, adaxially puberulous
base cuneate or broadly so, margin usually 3-lobed above when young, later glabrescent, base subrounded and promi-
middle, entire or with a few coarse, obtuse teeth, apex obtuse, nently 3-veined, margin not lobed, coarsely and obtusely cre-
rarely acute. Umbels sessile, with unequal, clustered leaves at nate above base, apex obtuse, sometimes mucronate. Umbels
base, 1–2(–2.5) cm, 5–18-flowered; pedicels 5–15 mm, gla- shortly pedunculate, 2–2.5 × 2.5–3 cm, 10–12-flowered, with
brous or pubescent; bracts lanceolate, 2–4 mm, puberulous or small, bractlike leaves at base; pedicels 1–1.5 cm, glabrous;
glabrous. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, bracts linear to lanceolate, 2–4 mm. Flowers 7–8 mm in diam.
1.5–2 mm, glabrous abaxially. Sepals ovate-triangular or tri- Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous abaxially. Sepals triangular,
angular, 1.5–2.5 mm, erect in fruit, apex acute. Petals white, 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Petals white, sub-
suborbicular or obovate, 3–4 mm, about as broad as long, gla- orbicular or obovate, 3–4 × 2.5–3.5 mm, glabrous, base shortly
brous, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens 20–25, short- clawed, margin entire or slightly undulate. Stamens ca. 1/2 as
er than petals. Disk prominent, annular, 10-lobed. Carpels long as petals or slightly shorter. Disk annular, 10-lobed. Styles
puberulous; styles shorter than stamens. Follicles spreading, shorter than stamens. Follicles divergent, pubescent apically;
puberulous on adaxial suture or pilose; styles subterminal, erect styles subterminal. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep.
or slightly divergent. Fl. Feb–Mar, fr. Apr-May.
● Mountain regions. S Guizhou (Dushan Xian).
● Thickets, mountain valleys, dry slopes, roadsides, sometimes on
limestone; 700–2100 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan. 63. Spiraea daochengensis L. T. Lu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin
9(2): 49. 1989.
1a. Leaf blades densely yellow tomentose
on both surfaces .................................. 61c. var. tomentosa 稻城绣线菊 dao cheng xiu xian ju
1b. Leaf blades pubescent on both surfaces.
Shrubs small, to 2 m tall. Branchlets purple-brown, dis-
2a. Pedicels 5–9 mm, glabrous; follicles
tinctly angled, appressed villous; buds ovoid, small, with sever-
glabrous or puberulous only on
al scales, villous. Petiole 1–2 mm, villous; leaf blade rhombic-
adaxial suture ................................... 61a. var. martini
elliptic, rarely ovate-elliptic, 1–2 × 0.8–1 cm, appressed villous
2b. Pedicels 8–15 mm, pubescent;
on both surfaces, more densely so abaxially, lateral veins 5–8
follicles pilose ............................. 61b. var. pubescens
on each side of midvein, base cuneate, margin not lobed, with
61a. Spiraea martini var. martini 5–9 large, sharp teeth above middle, apex acute. Umbels ses-
sile, 1–1.5 cm, few flowered, with a few clustered, unequal
毛枝绣线菊(原变种) mao zhi xiu xian ju (yuan bian zhong)
leaves at base; pedicels to 1 cm, villous; bracts lanceolate,
Spiraea fulvescens Rehder. small. Flowers unknown. Hypanthium campanulate, villous
 ROSACEAE

when young, glabrous when mature. Sepals broadly ovate or when old, distinctly angled; buds ovoid, small, with several
triangular-ovate, 3–4 mm, reflexed or rarely erect in fruit, apex scales, glabrous or puberulous on scale margin, apex subobtuse
acute. Follicles straightly spreading, glabrous or puberulous on or acute. Leaves fascicled on short branchlets, alternate on long
adaxial suture; styles terminal on abaxial side, divergent. Fl. branchlets; petiole very short or absent, glabrous; leaf blade
Aug–Sep. obovate, rarely elliptic, 5–9 × 2–6 mm, glabrous on both sur-
● Coniferous and mixed forests on slopes; ca. 3800 m. W Sichuan faces, base cuneate and 3-veined, margin entire, apex obtuse.
(Daocheng Xian). Umbels sessile, 8–12 mm, 6–10-flowered, with small, clustered
leaves at base; pedicels 3–7 mm, glabrous; bracts linear-lanceo-
64. Spiraea muliensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin.
late, glabrous, caducous. Flowers 4–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium
13(1): 101. 1975.
campanulate, glabrous abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1–1.5 × 1.5
木里绣线菊 mu li xiu xian ju mm, erect in fruit, apex acute. Petals pinkish, obovate, 2–3 × 2–
Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets dark brown-red, promi- 2.5 mm, glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex emarginate or
nently angled, densely pubescent; buds ovoid, with several obtuse. Stamens ca. 20, slightly shorter than to subequaling pet-
scales, pubescent, apex obtuse. Petiole very short or almost ab- als; disk undulate annular. Carpels puberulous; styles shorter
sent, softly hairy; leaf blade elliptic or oblong, 1.5–2 × 0.5–0.8 than stamens. Follicles spreading, glabrous; styles terminal on
cm, appressed villous on both surfaces, base cuneate, margin abaxial side, somewhat divergent.
deeply 3–7-serrate above middle, rarely entire, apex acute. ● Limestone mountain slopes; 2700–2800 m. NW Yunnan.
Umbels sessile, 0.8–1.2 × 1–1.5 cm; pedicels 4–8 mm, pubes-
Spiraea thibetica Bureau & Franchet (J. Bot. (Morot) 5: 25. 1891,
cent; bracts linear, shorter than pedicels, hairy. Flowers un-
not S. tibetica T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, 1980), described from Xizang, re-
known. Hypanthium campanulate, pubescent abaxially. Sepals quires further study. We are unable to treat it in this account because we
triangular, reflexed or rarely erect in fruit, apex acute or sub- have seen no specimens.
obtuse. Follicles erect-spreading, pubescent, more densely so
on adaxial suture; styles terminal on abaxial side, divergent. Fl. 67. Spiraea hypericifolia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 489. 1753.
May–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. 金丝桃叶绣线菊 jin si tao ye xiu xian ju
● Mountain summits; ca. 2700 m. SW Sichuan (Muli Xian).
Shrubs to 1.5 m. Branches erect, spreading; branchlets
65. Spiraea kwangsiensis T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin 8: 216. brownish to gray-brown, slender, terete, glabrous or puberulous
1963. when young; buds ovoid, small, with several brownish scales,
广西绣线菊 guang xi xiu xian ju glabrous or subglabrous, apex acute. Petiole 1–4 mm, glabrous;
leaf blade oblong-obovate or obovate-lanceolate, 1.5–2 × 0.5–
Shrubs erect or spreading, to 1 m tall. Branchlets slender, 0.7 cm, usually glabrous, rarely pubescent on both surfaces,
terete, dark red-brown and pubescent when young, subglabrous base cuneate, indistinctly 3-veined or pinnately veined, margin
and grayish-brown when old; buds ovoid, with several brown entire (or on sterile branchlets obtusely 2- or 3-dentate apical-
scales. Petiole 2–4 mm, usually glabrous; leaf blades unequal,
ly), apex obtuse or acute. Umbels sessile, 1–2.5 cm, 5–11-flow-
obovate, elliptic, or suborbicular, larger ones 10–18 × 8–14
ered, with several small, clustered leaves at base; pedicels 0.8–
mm, smaller ones 7–10 × 4–5 mm, glabrous on both surfaces,
1.8 cm, glabrous or puberulous; bracts very small, caducous.
lateral veins 3 or 4 on each side of midvein, base cuneate to
Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous
rounded, margin obtusely dentate above middle or near apex,
sometimes slightly 3-lobed (entire or subentire on leaves on abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2 mm, erect in fruit, apex
flowering branchlets), apex obtuse. Umbels sessile or shortly acute. Petals white, suborbicular or obovate, 3–3.5 × 3–4 mm,
pedunculate, 3–8-flowered, with several clustered, unequal glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 20,
leaves at base; pedicels 5–9 mm, glabrous; bracts linear, gla- slightly shorter than to subequaling petals. Disk annular, 10-
brous. Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, gla- lobed. Carpels pubescent or subglabrous; styles somewhat
brous abaxially. Sepals triangular, erect and persistent in fruit, shorter than stamens. Follicles straightly spreading, glabrous;
apex acute. Petals white, broadly obovate, 2–3 mm, about as styles terminal on abaxial side, divergent. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jun–
broad as long, base shortly clawed, apex emarginate or obtuse. Sep.
Stamens ca. 20, shorter than petals. Disk annular, densely tooth-
Sparse forests, thickets, dry sunny slopes. Gansu, Heilongjiang,
ed, sometimes 10-lobed. Styles shorter than stamens. Follicles Henan, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia (Si-
spreading, pubescent on adaxial suture; styles terminal on abax- beria); C and SW Asia, SE Europe].
ial side, slightly divergent or suberect. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Apr–
Jun. 68. Spiraea hailarensis Liou, Ill. Fl. Lign. Pl. N. E. China, 281,
563. 1955.
● Bare cliffs, rocky roadsides, sunny places; ca. 600 m. Guangxi.
66. Spiraea calcicola W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. 海拉尔绣线菊 hai la er xin xian ju
Edinburgh 8: 131. 1913. Spiraea arenaria Y. Z. Zhao & T. J. Wang.
石灰岩绣线菊 shi hui yan xiu xian ju
Shrubs 0.5–1 m tall. Branchlets brownish to purple-brown,
Shrubs low, to 1.5 m tall. Branches spreading, arching; terete, densely pubescent when young; buds ovoid, with several
branchlets purple-brown, turning gray-brown to gray-black brown scales, apex obtuse or acute. Petiole very short or almost
 ROSACEAE

absent; leaf blade gray-green on both surfaces, oblong or dulate annular. Carpels puberulous. Follicles glabrous, or pu-
obovate-oblong, 4–14 × 3–5 mm, abaxially slightly pubescent, berulous only on adaxial suture; styles terminal on abaxial side,
adaxially glabrous, indistinctly pinnately veined, base cuneate, divergent. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct.
margin entire (or on sterile branchlets 3- or 4-serrate), apex ob- ● Mixed forests, rocky cliffs and gullies; 2000–4000 m. NW Yun-
tuse or acute. Umbels usually sessile, rarely shortly pedun- nan.
culate, 10–15 mm in diam., 3–7-flowered; pedicels 8–10 mm,
glabrous. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, 70. Spiraea aquilegiifolia Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 734.
glabrous abaxially. Sepals triangular, erect or reflexed in fruit, 1776.
apex acute. Petals white, suborbicular. Stamens ca. 20. Disk 耧斗菜叶绣线菊 lou dou cai ye xiu xian ju
annular, 10-lobed; lobes obtuse at apex, rarely emarginate.
Styles shorter than stamens. Follicles slightly spreading, pubes- Spiraea hypericifolia Linnaeus var. thalictroides (Pallas)
cent; styles terminal on abaxial side, erect or somewhat diver- Ledebour; S. thalictroides Pallas.
gent. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jun–Jul. Shrubs low, to 1 m tall. Branchlets brown or gray-brown,
● Hills; ca. 600 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol. terete, densely pubescent initially, becoming subglabrous; buds
ovoid, small, with several brownish scales, glabrous. Petiole 1–
69. Spiraea compsophylla Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 2 mm, minutely pubescent; leaf blades unequal: those on flow-
450. 1933. ering branchlets usually obovate, 4–8 × 2–5 mm, base cuneate,
粉叶绣线菊 fen ye xiu xian ju margin entire or obtusely 3-lobed; those on sterile branchlets
abaxially gray-green, often flabellate, 7–10 mm, about as
Shrubs to 1.5 m. Branchlets purple-brown when young, broad as long, abaxially densely pubescent, adaxially glabrous
dark gray when old, angled, glabrous when young; buds ovoid, or sparsely pubescent, base narrowly cuneate, inconspicuously
small, with several scales, apex subobtuse. Petiole 1–4 mm, 3-veined, margin 3–5-lobed. Umbels sessile, 1–1.5 cm, 3–6-
glabrous; leaf blades unequal: those on flowering branchlets flowered, with several small, clustered leaves at base; pedicels
usually oblong-obovate, 4–8 × 2–4 mm, base cuneate, margin 6–10 mm, glabrous; bracts small, caducous. Flowers 4–5 mm in
entire or 3-lobed apically, apex obtuse; those on sterile branch- diam. Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous abaxially. Sepals tri-
lets blue-gray and glaucous pruinose abaxially, flabellate, 7–10 angular, 1–1.5 × 2–2.5 mm, erect or reflexed in fruit, apex
× 8–12 mm, usually glabrous on both surfaces, base cuneate to apiculate. Petals white, suborbicular, 2–3 mm, nearly as broad
subrounded, often 3-veined, margin deeply 3–5-lobed. Umbels as long, glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens
sessile or shortly pedunculate, ca. 1 cm, 3–13-flowered, with ca. 20, nearly equaling petals. Disk annular, deeply 10-lobed.
several small, clustered leaves at base; pedicels 5–8 mm, gla- Carpels pubescent; styles shorter than stamens. Follicles pubes-
brous; bracts linear, 1–2 mm, glabrous. Hypanthium campanu- cent distally or on adaxial suture; styles terminal on abaxial
late, glabrous abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1–1.5 mm, erect in side. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
fruit, apex acute. Petals suborbicular, nearly equaling sepals, Dry grasslands, stony slopes; 600–1300 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan,
glabrous. Stamens 15–20, slightly longer than petals. Disk un Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi [Mongolia, Russia].

2. SIBIRAEA Maximowicz, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 213. 1879.

鲜卑花属 xian bei hua shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Crinan Alexander
Shrubs deciduous, polygamo-dioecious. Branches stout, terete; buds ovoid, scales alternate, purplish brown. Leaves alternate,
exstipulate, subsessile, simple, midvein distinct, lateral veins in 3–5 pairs, margin entire. Inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, a
dense, spikelike, many-flowered panicle; bracts lanceolate, margin entire. Flowers shortly pedicellate, small. Hypanthium shallowly
campanulate. Sepals 5, erect, persistent in fruit, margin entire, apex acute. Petals 5, white, longer than sepals. Stamens 20–25, slightly
shorter to slightly longer than petals, vestigial in female flowers. Carpels 5, connate at base. Follicles erect, long ellipsoid, dehiscent
along whole adaxial suture and abaxially near apex. Seeds usually 2, rather large.
About four species: W China, Russia (Siberia); Europe; three species (two endemic) in China.
The species of Sibiraea are very similar and are sometimes all placed in S. laevigata.
1a. Peduncle, pedicels, and leaf blades glabrous ................................................................................................................ 1. S. laevigata
1b. Peduncle and pedicels pubescent to villous.
2a. Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, rarely long elliptic, glabrescent when old; peduncle and
pedicels pubescent; petals white ............................................................................................................................ 2. S. angustata
2b. Leaf blades oblong-obovate to oblanceolate, abaxially densely tomentose; peduncle and pedicels villous;
petals yellow-white ................................................................................................................................................ 3. S. tomentosa
1. Sibiraea laevigata (Linnaeus) Maximowicz, Trudy Imp. S.- Spiraea laevigata Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 2: 244. 1771;
Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 215. 1879. Sibiraea altaiensis (Laxmann) C. K. Schneider; S. glaberrima
鲜卑花 xian bei hua K. S. Hao; Spiraea altaica Pallas; S. altaiensis Laxmann.
 ROSACEAE

Shrubs to 1.5 m tall. Branchlets glabrous; buds ovoid, or apiculate. Panicles 5–8 × 4–6 cm; peduncle densely pu-
slightly pubescent. Leaves usually solitary at axils on current bescent; bracts 2–3 mm, glabrous on both surfaces, apex acumi-
year’s growth, clustered on older branchlets; leaf blade linear- nate. Flowers ca. 8 mm in diam.; pedicel 3–5 mm, pubescent.
lanceolate, broadly lanceolate, or oblong-oblanceolate, 4–6.5 × Hypanthium pubescent abaxially. Sepals broadly triangular, ca.
1–2.3 cm, glabrous on both surfaces, base attenuate, apex acute, 1.5 mm, pubescent on both surfaces. Petals white, broadly obo-
rarely obtuse. Panicles 5–8 cm wide; peduncle glabrous; bracts vate, base cuneate, apex rounded. Carpels glabrous. Follicles
ca. 3 mm, glabrous on both surfaces, apex acute to acuminate. ca. 4 mm; fruiting pedicel 3–5 mm, pubescent. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug–
Flowers ca. 5 mm in diam.; pedicel ca. 3 mm, glabrous. Hypan- Sep.
thium glabrous. Sepals triangular-ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous ● Open forests, slopes, valley roadsides; 3000–4000 m. Gansu,
on both surfaces. Petals white, obovate, base attenuate with a Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
broad, cuneate claw, apex rounded. Carpels glabrous. Follicles
3. Sibiraea tomentosa Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh
rarely spreading, 3–4 mm; fruiting pedicel 3–5 mm, glabrous.
5: 270. 1921.
Fl. Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
Open forests, slopes, meadows, stream sides. S Gansu (Min Xian, 毛叶鲜卑花 mao ye xian bei hua
Xigu Xian), E Qinghai (Haiyan Xian, Xining Shi), E Xizang (Sog Xian)
Shrubs to 1 m tall. Branchlets sericeous-pubescent when
[Kazakhstan, Russia (Siberia); SE Europe (Bosnia, Croatia)].
young, almost glabrescent; buds long ovoid, slightly tomentose.
The Asian and European populations are widely disjunct, separ- Leaves clustered at tips of short branches; leaf blade oblong-
ated by over 5000 km.
obovate to oblanceolate, 5–7 × 2–2.5 cm, slightly leathery,
2. Sibiraea angustata (Rehder) Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. densely white sericeous-tomentose on both surfaces when
7: 454. 1933. young, later sparsely tomentose only abaxially, base cuneate,
apex acute. Panicle 5–8 × 3–4.5 cm; peduncle sparsely villous;
窄叶鲜卑花 zhai ye xian bei hua
bracts ca. 2 mm, slightly pubescent, apex obtuse. Flowers 5–8
Sibiraea laevigata (Linnaeus) Maximowicz var. angustata mm in diam.; pedicel ca. 2 mm, slightly villous. Hypanthium
Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 455. 1913. sparsely villous abaxially. Sepals triangular or broadly so, ca.
Shrubs to 2.5 m tall. Branchlets slightly pubescent when 1.5 mm, sparsely villous on both surfaces. Petals yellow-white,
young, glabrescent; buds ovoid or trigonous-ovoid, slightly spatulate, base cuneate, apex obtuse. Carpels pubescent along
pubescent on scale margins. Leaves solitary at axils on current adaxial suture. Follicles erect, 3–4 mm; fruiting pedicel 2–3
year’s growth, clustered on older branchlets; leaf blade mm, sparsely villous. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug.
narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, rarely long elliptic, 2–8 × ● Slopes, stream sides, moist places on rocks; 3500–4000 m. NW
1.5–2.5 cm, glabrous on both surfaces, base cuneate, apex acute Yunnan.

3. ARUNCUS Linnaeus, Opera Var. 259. 1758.

假升麻属 jia sheng ma shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Crinan Alexander
Herbs perennial, sometimes woody at base, monoecious. Rhizome robust. Stems erect, angled. Leaves exstipulate, 1–3-pinnate,
rarely 3-foliolate; leaflets sharply doubly serrate. Inflorescence a large, spikelike, many-flowered panicle; peduncle and pedicels pu-
bescent and sparsely stellate hairy; bracts and bracteoles linear-lanceolate. Flowers sessile or subsessile, unisexual, rarely bisexual.
Hypanthium cupular, with ringlike disk on rim. Sepals (4 or)5(or 6), persistent in fruit, triangular, abaxially glabrous or nearly so,
margin entire, apex acute. Petals 5, white, obovate, base cuneate, apex obtuse. Male flowers: stamens 15–30, borne on rim of hypan-
thium; filaments slender, longer than petals; carpels obsolescent. Female flowers: filaments short; anthers sterile; carpels 3 or 4(–8).
Follicles glabrous, pendulous in fruit, dehiscent along adaxial suture. Seeds 2.
Three to six poorly defined species: N temperate zone; two species (one endemic) in China.

1a. Plants to 3 m tall; leaves 2- or 3-pinnate, leaflets rhombic-ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or long elliptic, apex acuminate
or long acuminate; panicle lax, 10–40 cm ..................................................................................................................... 1. A. sylvester
1b. Plants to 0.7 m tall; leaves 1- or 2-pinnate or 1- or 2-ternate, leaflets suborbicular or broadly ovate, rarely
rhombic-ovate, apex rounded, obtuse, or acute; panicle dense, 5–25 cm ............................................................... 2. A. gombalanus

1. Aruncus sylvester Kosteletzky ex Maximowicz, Trudy Imp. ex H. Hara) H. Hara; A. dioicus var. triternatus (Wallich ex
S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 169. 1879. Maximowicz) H. Hara; A. dioicus var. vulgaris (Maximowicz)
H. Hara; A. kamtschaticus (Maximowicz) Rydberg; A. kamts-
假升麻 jia sheng ma
chaticus var. tomentosus (Koidzumi) Miyabe & Tatewaki; A.
Spiraea aruncus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 490. 1753; Aruncus sylvester var. kamtschaticus Maximowicz; A. sylvester var. ten-
asiaticus Pojarkova; A. dioicus (Walter) Fernald var. kamtscha- uifolius Nakai ex H. Hara; A. sylvester var. tomentosus
ticus (Maximowicz) H. Hara; A. dioicus var. tenuifolius (Nakai Koidzumi; A. sylvester var. triternatus Wallich ex Maximo-
 ROSACEAE

wicz; A. sylvester var. vulgaris Maximowicz; A. tomentosus 贡山假升麻 gong shan jia sheng ma
(Koidzumi) Koidzumi; Astilbe aruncus (Linnaeus) Treviranus;
Ulmaria aruncus (Linnaeus) Hill. Pleiosepalum gombalanum Handel-Mazzetti, Anz. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 59: 139. 1922; Aruncus
Plants to 3 m tall, woody at base. Stems dark purplish, dioicus (Walter) Fernald var. rotundifoliolatus H. Hara.
glabrous. Leaves 2- or 3-pinnate; petiolules 4–10 mm; leaflets
rhombic-ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or long elliptic, 5–13 × 2–8 Plants to 70 cm tall. Rhizome thick, woody. Stems red-
cm, subglabrous on both surfaces, base cuneate, margin irreg- brown, slightly pubescent above, glabrous below. Leaves 1- or
ularly toothed, apex acuminate to long acuminate. Panicle lax, 2-pinnate or 1- or 2-ternate; petiolules absent or terminal leaf-
10–40 × 7–17 cm; peduncle and pedicels glabrescent in fruit; lets shortly petiolulate; leaflets suborbicular or broadly ovate,
bracts and bracteoles sparsely pubescent. Flowers 2–4 in diam.; rarely rhombic-ovate, 4–5 × 3–4 cm, abaxially sparsely pubes-
pedicel ca. 2 mm. Hypanthium slightly pubescent. Sepals cent on veins, base cuneate, rarely truncate or rounded, margin
spreading or erect in fruit. Male flowers with filaments ca. 2 × sometimes slightly lobed, apex rounded, obtuse, or acute. Pani-
as long as petals. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. cle dense, 5–25 cm; bracts and bracteoles glabrous. Flowers ca.
Mixed forests on montane slopes, valleys; 1800–3500 m. Anhui, 4 mm in diam.; pedicel ca. 3 mm or absent. Hypanthium
Gansu, Guangxi, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, abaxially glabrous. Sepals spreading or reflexed in fruit. Male
Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NW India (Himachal Pra-
flowers with filaments longer than petals. Follicles parallel. Fl.
desh), Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Russia, Sikkim; SW Asia, Eu-
rope, ?NW North America (Alaska)]. Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.

2. Aruncus gombalanus (Handel-Mazzetti) Handel-Mazzetti, ● Grassy slopes on mountain summits; 3000–4000 m. E Xizang,
Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 60: 152. 1924. NW Yunnan.

4. SORBARIA (Seringe ex Candolle) A. Braun in Ascherson, Fl. Brandenburg 1: 177. 1860,

nom. cons.
珍珠梅属 zhen zhu mei shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Crinan Alexander
Spiraea Linnaeus sect. Sorbaria Seringe ex Candolle, Prodr. 2: 545. 1825; Schizonotus Lindley, nom. rej.
Shrubs deciduous. Branchlets yellow to green when young, later dark reddish or yellowish brown, terete; buds ovoid to cylin-
dric, with several exposed, alternate scales, glabrous or slightly pubescent at apex. Leaves alternate, stipulate, pinnate; leaflets oppo-
site, sessile or subsessile, doubly serrate. Inflorescence a large, terminal panicle. Flowers small, numerous. Hypanthium shallowly
cupular. Sepals 5, reflexed, short, broad, persistent. Petals 5, imbricate, white, ovate to orbicular, base cuneate, apex obtuse. Stamens
20–50, nearly equaling or longer than petals. Carpels 5, opposite sepals, basally connate, glabrous or subglabrous. Follicles glabrous,
dehiscent along adaxial suture. Seeds several.
About nine species: temperate Asia; three species (two endemic) in China.
1a. Panicles lax, with spreading branches; fruiting pedicels recurved, pendulous .............................................................. 3. S. arborea
1b. Panicles rather dense, with erect branches; fruiting pedicels erect.
2a. Stamens 40–50, longer than petals; style terminal ................................................................................................. 1. S. sorbifolia
2b. Stamens ca. 20, equaling or shorter than petals; style lateral ................................................................................... 2. S. kirilowii

1. Sorbaria sorbifolia (Linnaeus) A. Braun in Ascherson, Fl. (rarely spreading) in fruit, triangular, abaxially sparsely pubes-
Brandenburg 1: 177. 1860. cent, apex obtuse or acute. Petals oblong or obovate, 5–7 mm.
Stamens 40–50, 1.5–2 × as long as petals. Style terminal. Folli-
珍珠梅 zhen zhu mei
cles cylindric, ca. 3 mm, glabrous; fruiting pedicel erect. Fl.
Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branches erect; branchlets glabrous or Jul–Aug, fr. Sep.
slightly pubescent; buds purple-brown, ovoid. Stipules ovate- Open forests; 200–1500 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei
lanceolate to triangular-lanceolate, 8–13 mm, abaxially slightly Mongol [Japan, Korea, Mongolia].
pubescent, apex acuminate. Leaflets 11–17, opposite, lanceolate
1a. Leaflets abaxially glabrous or subglabrous
to ovate-lanceolate, 5–7 × 1.8–2.5 cm, glabrous or subglabrous
................................................................. 1a. var. sorbifolia
on both surfaces or abaxially densely stellate hairy, lateral veins
1b. Leaflets abaxially densely stellate hairy
in 12–16 pairs, base subrounded to broadly cuneate, rarely
.................................................................. 1b. var. stellipila
slightly oblique, apex acuminate or caudate. Panicle 10–12 × 5–
12 cm; peduncle and pedicels more or less pubescent and stel- 1a. Sorbaria sorbifolia var. sorbifolia
late hairy; bracts ovate to linear-lanceolate, 5–10 mm, slightly 珍珠梅(原变种) zhen zhu mei (yuan bian zhong)
pubescent on both surfaces, later glabrescent, apex acuminate.
Flowers 10–12 mm in diam.; pedicel 5–8 mm. Hypanthium Spiraea sorbifolia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 490. 1753.
pubescent abaxially at base. Sepals persistent and reflexed Leaflets abaxially glabrous or subglabrous.
 ROSACEAE

Open forests; 200–1500 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Panicle 20–30 × 15–20 cm, many flowered; peduncle and pedi-
Mongol [Japan, Korea, Mongolia]. cels glabrous or slightly or densely stellate hairy; bracts lanceo-
1b. Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila Maximowicz, Trudy late to linear-lanceolate, 4–5 mm, slightly pubescent, apex
Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 223. 1879. acuminate. Flowers 6–7 mm in diam.; pedicel 2–3 mm.
Hypanthium shallowly cupular, glabrous. Sepals oblong-ovate,
星毛珍珠梅 xing mao zhen zhu mei glabrous, apex obtuse. Petals white, suborbicular, 3–4 mm, base
Sorbaria stellipila (Maximowicz) C. K. Schneider. cuneate, apex obtuse. Stamens 20–30, longer than petals.
Carpels 5, glabrous. Follicles cylindric, ca. 3 mm, glabrous,
Leaflets abaxially densely stellate hairy. with persistent, reflexed sepals; fruiting pedicel pendulous. Fl.
Open secondary forests; 200–300 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin [Korea]. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct.
2. Sorbaria kirilowii (Regel & Tiling) Maximowicz, Trudy ● Dense forests, forest margins, slopes, stream sides, roadsides;
Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 225. 1879. 1600–3500 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xin-
jiang, Xizang, Yunnan.
华北珍珠梅 hu bei zhen zhu mei
1a. Rachis, leaflets abaxially, and
Spiraea kirilowii Regel & Tiling, Fl. Ajan. 81. 1858; Sor- inflorescence densely stellate
baria sorbifolia (Linnaeus) A. Brown var. kirilowii (Regel & hairy ................................................. 3c. var. subtomentosa
Tiling) Ito. 1b. Rachis, leaflets abaxially, and
Shrubs to 3 m tall. Branches erect; branchlets glabrous; inflorescence glabrous or slightly
buds red-brown. Stipules linear-lanceolate, 8–15 mm, glabrous stellate hairy.
or subglabrous, apex obtuse or acute. Leaflets 13–21, lanceolate 2a. Rachis, leaflets abaxially, and
to oblong-lanceolate, 4–7 × 1.5–2 cm, glabrous on both sur- inflorescence slightly stellate
faces or abaxially pubescent in vein axils, lateral veins in 15–23 hairy.................................................... 3a. var. arborea
pairs, reticulate veins conspicuous, base cuneate to rounded, 2b. Rachis, leaflets abaxially, and
apex acuminate or caudate. Panicle dense, 7–11 × 5–20 cm; inflorescence glabrous .................... 3b. var. glabrata
peduncle and pedicels glabrous; bracts lanceolate, 2–5 mm, gla- 3a. Sorbaria arborea var. arborea
brous, apex acuminate. Flowers 5–7 mm in diam.; pedicel 3–4
mm. Hypanthium shallowly cupular, glabrous on both surfaces. 高丛珍珠梅(原变种) gao cong zhen zhu mei (yuan bian
Sepals persistent and reflexed (rarely spreading) in fruit, ovate zhong)
to oblong, glabrous, apex obtuse. Petals white, obovate or Spiraea arborea (C. K. Schneider) Bean.
broadly ovate, 4–5 mm. Stamens ca. 20, slightly shorter than or
Rachis, leaflets abaxially, and inflorescence slightly stel-
equaling petals. Style lateral. Follicles cylindric, ca. 3 mm;
late hairy.
fruiting pedicel erect. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct.
● Slopes near forest margins or by streams; 2500–3500 m. Gansu,
● Slopes in open mixed forests; 200–1300 m. Gansu, Hebei, He- Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan.
nan, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi.
3b. Sorbaria arborea var. glabrata Rehder in Sargent, Pl.
This species is commonly cultivated under the name 珍珠梅
Wilson. 1: 48. 1911.
(zhen zhu mei).
光叶高丛珍珠梅 guang ye gao cong zhen zhu mei
3. Sorbaria arborea C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1:
490. 1905. Spiraea arborea var. glabrata (Rehder) Bean.
高丛珍珠梅 gao cong zhen zhu mei Rachis, leaflets abaxially, and inflorescence glabrous.
Shrubs to 6 m tall. Branches spreading; branchlets terete, ● Dense forests, mountain slopes, stream sides; 2500–3500 m.
yellow-green and slightly stellate hairy or pubescent when Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
young, later dark red-brown and glabrous; buds purple-brown,
ovoid or oblong, glabrous or slightly pubescent at apex. Stip- 3c. Sorbaria arborea var. subtomentosa Rehder in Sargent,
ules triangular-ovate, 8–10 mm, glabrous on both surfaces or Pl. Wilson. 1: 47. 1911.
subglabrous, apex acuminate. Leaflets 13–17, opposite, sessile 毛叶高丛珍珠梅 mao ye gao cong zhen zhu mei
or nearly so, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 4–9 × 1–3 cm,
glabrous on both surfaces or abaxially slightly or densely stel- Rachis, leaflets abaxially, and inflorescence densely stel-
late hairy, lateral veins in 20–25 pairs, abaxially conspicuous, late hairy.
base broadly cuneate, margin doubly serrate, apex acuminate. ● Slopes, roadsides; 1600–3100 m. Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.

5. PHYSOCARPUS (Cambessèdes) Rafinesque, New Fl. 3: 73. 1838, nom. et orth. cons.
风箱果属 feng xiang guo shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Crinan Alexander
Spiraea Linnaeus sect. Physocarpus Cambessèdes, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 1: 239, 385. 1824.
 ROSACEAE

Shrubs deciduous. Branches spreading; buds small, with several alternate, exposed scales. Leaves alternate; stipules caducous;
leaf blade usually 3-veined, margin usually 3-lobed, serrate. Inflorescence a terminal corymb. Flowers bisexual. Hypanthium cupu-
lar. Sepals 5, valvate. Petals 5, white or pinkish, slightly longer than sepals. Stamens 20–40. Carpels 1–5, connate at base; ovary 1-
loculed. Follicles inflated, dehiscent along both sutures. Seeds 2–5.
About 20 species: mostly in North America, also in NE Asia; one species in China.

1. Physocarpus amurensis (Maximowicz) Maximowicz, veins, base cordate or subcordate, rarely truncate, margin 3(–5)-
Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 221. 1879. lobed, doubly serrate, apex acute or acuminate. Corymb 3–4 cm
风箱果 feng xiang guo in diam., many flowered, most parts sparsely stellate pubescent
to stellate tomentose; peduncle glabrescent; bracts lanceolate,
Spiraea amurensis Maximowicz, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci.
serrate at apex, caducous. Flowers 8–13 mm in diam.; pedicel
St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 90. 1859; Opulaster amuren-
1–1.8 cm. Sepals triangular, 3–4 × ca. 2 mm, margin entire,
sis (Maximowicz) Kuntze.
apex acute. Petals white, obovate, ca. 4 × 2 mm, apex obtuse.
Shrubs to 3 m tall. Branchlets slightly curved, terete, Stamens 20–30. Carpels 2–4; style terminal. Follicles ovoid, 9–
glabrous or subglabrous; buds ovoid, pubescent. Stipules cadu- 10 mm, glabrescent; fruiting pedicel 1–1.8 cm, glabrescent.
cous, linear-lanceolate, 6–7 mm, glabrous or subglabrous, mar- Seeds 2–4. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
gin serrate; petiole 1.2–2.5 cm, sparsely pubescent or subgla-
brous; leaf blade triangular-ovate to broadly ovate, 3.5–5.5 × 3– Broad-leaved forest margins, valleys. NE Hebei (Chengde, Wu-
5 cm, abaxially stellate hairy and pubescent, densely so on ling Shan), S Heilongjiang (Mao’ershan) [N Korea, Russia (Far East)].

6. NEILLIA D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 228. 1825.

绣线梅属 xiu xian mei shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Crinan Alexander
Adenilema Blume.
Shrubs, rarely subshrubs, deciduous. Branchlets spreading, slender, terete or angled; buds ovoid, scales imbricate, apex acute.
Leaves often 2-ranked; stipules conspicuous, deciduous; leaf blade simple, margin doubly serrate and usually 3-parted or shallowly
3–5(–7)-lobed. Inflorescence a terminal or sometimes axillary raceme or panicle; bracts linear-lanceolate to ovate, small, caducous.
Flowers bisexual. Hypanthium campanulate, urceolate-campanulate, or cylindric. Sepals 5, erect, persistent in fruit and becoming
densely pubescent and stipitate glandular abaxially. Petals white or pink-red, subequaling sepals. Stamens 10–30, irregularly 2-
whorled on rim of hypanthium, not exceeding petals. Carpels 1(–5); ovary with 2–10 ovules; style erect. Follicles enclosed by persis-
tent hypanthium, dehiscent along adaxial suture. Seeds several, obovoid; testa lustrous; caruncle convex.
About 17 species: C, E, and SE Asia; 15 species (12 endemic) in China.

1a. Inflorescence a panicle; hypanthium campanulate.

2a. Branchlets densely yellowish brown pubescent ................................................................................................... 4. N. densiflora
2b. Branchlets glabrous to slightly pubescent.
3a. Flowers 7–10 mm in diam.; petals reddish; stamens 23–27 ....................................................................... 3. N. grandiflora
3b. Flowers 4–5 mm in diam.; petals white; stamens 10–20.
4a. Hypanthium sparsely pubescent abaxially; ovules 8–12 per ovary ........................................................ 1. N. thyrsiflora
4b. Hypanthium densely pubescent abaxially; ovules 3–5 per ovary ..................................................... 2. N. serratisepala
1b. Inflorescence a raceme; hypanthium urceolate-campanulate or cylindric.
5a. Hypanthium campanulate to urceolate-campanulate.
6a. Hypanthium glabrous abaxially; branchlets, petioles, and peduncles red glandular ................................... 7. N. sparsiflora
6b. Hypanthium pubescent abaxially; branchlets, petioles, and peduncles eglandular.
7a. Subshrubs to 0.5 m; leaf blade to 3 cm; raceme to 1.8 cm, 3–7-flowered ................................................. 8. N. gracilis
7b. Shrubs to 2 m; leaf blade more than 3 cm; racemes more than 2 cm, 5–25-flowered.
8a. Stipules herbaceous; ovules 2 per ovary ................................................................................................... 9. N. uekii
8b. Stipules membranous; ovules 4 or more per ovary.
9a. Buds with 2 or 3 scales; stipules entire at margin ....................................................................... 5. N. rubiflora
9b. Buds with 4 or 5 scales; stipules serrate at margin ........................................................................... 6. N. affinis
5b. Hypanthium cylindric (longer than broad).
10a. Hypanthium abaxially glabrous, sometimes glandular pubescent at base.
11a. Branchlets and petioles glabrous to slightly pubescent; hypanthium 10–20 mm ............................... 10. N. sinensis
11b. Branchlets (when young) and petioles densely pubescent; hypanthium 8–9 mm ......................... 11. N. ribesioides
10b. Hypanthium abaxially hairy.
12a. Ovary wholly pubescent.
 ROSACEAE

13a. Racemes 4–7-flowered; ovules 2–4 per ovary .................................................................... 14. N. fugongensis
13b. Racemes 20–40-flowered; ovules 4 or 5 per ovary .................................................. 15. N. jinggangshanensis
12b. Ovary hairy only on adaxial suture or at apex.
14a. Racemes 1.5–3 cm, 5–8-flowered; ovary hairy only on adaxial suture .......................... 13. N. breviracemosa
14b. Racemes 5–15 cm, 15–25-flowered; ovary hairy only at apex ................................................ 12. N. thibetica
1. Neillia thyrsiflora D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 228. 1825. 云南绣线梅 yun nan xiu xian mei
绣线梅 xiu xian mei Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branchlets reddish, glabrous or sub-
glabrous; buds purple-red, long ovoid, with 3 or 4 scales
Shrubs erect, to 2 m tall. Branchlets red-brown, angled, slightly pubescent at margin, apex acuminate. Stipules ovate or
glabrous to slightly pubescent; buds red-brown, ovoid, with 2 or broadly so, herbaceous, subglabrous on both surfaces, margin
3 scales, apex obtuse; often 2 or 3 buds superposed in axils of serrate, ciliate, apex acute; petiole 5–10 mm, slightly pubescent;
flowering branches. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, ca. 6 mm, sub- leaf blade elliptic-ovate to triangular-ovate, 7–12 × 5–7 cm,
glabrous, margin remotely serrate, apex acute; petiole 1–1.5 abaxially pubescent on veins, adaxially glabrous or sparsely
cm, subglabrous; leaf blade ovate to ovate-elliptic, 6–8.5 × 4–6 pubescent, base truncate or subcordate, margin 3(–5)-lobed,
cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent on veins or subglabrous, base doubly serrate, apex acuminate or caudate. Panicle terminal or
rounded or subcordate, margin usually 3-parted, rarely with 3–5 axillary, 3–5 cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle and pedi-
equal lobes, sharply doubly serrate, apex long acuminate. Pan- cels glabrous or slightly pubescent. Flowers ca. 4 mm in diam.;
icle 6–15.5 cm in diam., densely or laxly branched, usually pedicel ca. 5 mm. Hypanthium campanulate, 3–5 mm, abaxially
many flowered; peduncle and pedicels slightly pubescent. densely pubescent. Sepals triangular, nearly equaling hypan-
Flowers ca. 4 mm in diam.; pedicel ca. 3 mm. Hypanthium thium, pubescent on both surfaces, margin entire, apex acu-
campanulate, 2–3 mm, abaxially pubescent. Sepals triangular, minate. Petals white, obovate, ca. 2 mm. Stamens ca. 20. Ovary
equaling hypanthium, sparsely pubescent on both surfaces, mar- cylindric, wholly pubescent; ovules 3–5. Follicles long ovoid.
gin entire, apex caudate. Petals white, obovate, ca. 2 mm. Sta- Seeds ovoid. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct.
mens 10–15. Ovary cylindric, glabrous or only pubescent on
sutures, or wholly pubescent; ovules (8–)10–12. Follicles cylin- ● Open forests, forest margins on slopes; ca. 2000 m. Yunnan.
dric. Seeds ovoid. Fl. Jul, fr. Sep–Oct. 3. Neillia grandiflora T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Acta Phytotax. Sin.
Dense forests, open forests, forest margins in valleys, scrub; 18: 493. 1980.
1000–3000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, 大花绣线梅 da hua xiu xian mei
India, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, N Viet-
nam]. Shrubs to 3 m tall. Branches red-brown, glabrous or sub-
glabrous; buds purple, ovoid, with 3 or 4 scales pubescent at
1a. Panicle densely branched; ovary
margin, apex obtuse. Stipules oblong or lanceolate, ca. 4 mm,
pubescent only on sutures ..................... 1a. var. thyrsiflora
herbaceous, subglabrous, margin entire, apex acute; petiole 1–
1b. Panicle few branched; ovary wholly
2.5 cm, slightly pubescent; leaf blade ovate or long ovate, 4–13
pubescent .............................................. 1b. var. tunkinensis
× 2.5–8 cm, abaxially slightly pubescent on veins, adaxially
1a. Neillia thyrsiflora var. thyrsiflora glabrous, base cordate or subcordate, margin usually with 1 or 2
pairs of lobes, with irregular, simple or double teeth. Panicle ca.
绣线梅(原变种) xiu xian mei (yuan bian zhong)
7 × 4.2 cm, many flowered; peduncle and pedicels densely
Spiraea thyrsiflora K. Koch. tomentose-pubescent. Flowers 7–10 mm in diam.; pedicel 4–8
mm. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially densely tomentose-
Panicle densely branched. Ovary glabrous or pubescent pubescent. Sepals triangular-ovate, slightly shorter than hypan-
only on sutures. thium, abaxially densely tomentose-pubescent, margin entire,
Scrub; 1000–3000 m. NW Yunnan (Gongshan Xian) [Bhutan, In- apex caudate or long caudate. Petals red, obovate, 3–4 mm.
dia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim]. Stamens 23–27. Ovary cylindric, glabrous or slightly pubescent
only at apex; ovules 10–12. Follicles cylindric. Seeds ovoid. Fl.
1b. Neillia thyrsiflora var. tunkinensis (J. E Vidal) J. E Vidal,
Jun.
Adansonia 3: 153. 1963.
● Slopes in forests; 2400–2700 m. S Xizang (Nyalam Xian).
毛果绣线梅 mao guo xiu xian mei
4. Neillia densiflora T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Acta Phytotax. Sin.
Neillia tunkinensis J. E Vidal, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 292. 18: 492. 1980.
1948.
密花绣线梅 mi hua xiu xian mei
Panicle laxly branched. Ovary wholly pubescent.
Branches red-brown, most parts densely yellow-brown
Dense forests, forest margins in valleys; 1000–2700 m. Guangxi, pubescent; buds purple-red, ovoid, with 3 or 4 scales, subgla-
Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [N Vietnam, NE India (Assam), brous, apex obtuse. Stipules not seen; petiole 1.5–2 cm; leaf
Indonesia (Java, Sumatra)].
blade abaxially pale greeen, adaxially dark green, triangular-
2. Neillia serratisepala H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 300. ovate or long ovate, 7–11 × 5–9 cm, abaxially densely yel-
1944. lowish brown pubescent on veins, adaxially sparsely pubescent
 ROSACEAE

or subglabrous, midvein and lateral veins prominent, adaxially 1a. Carpels 3–5 .............................................. 6c. var. polygyna
impressed, base rounded or cordate, margin with irregular, sim- 1b. Carpels 1 or 2.
ple or double teeth, apex shortly acuminate or caudate-acu- 2a. Raceme 3–8 cm, 6–15-flowered;
minate. Panicle 3.5–4 cm in diam., densely many flowered. carpels 1 or 2, with 4–6 ovules ............ 6a. var. affinis
Pedicel 2–3 mm. Hypanthium campanulate. Sepals triangular- 2b. Raceme 3–4 cm, 5–10-flowered;
lanceolate, shorter than hypanthium, margin entire, apex acute. carpel 1, with 8–10 ovules ............ 6b. var. pauciflora
Petals and stamens not seen. Ovary cylindric, glabrous; ovules
6a. Neillia affinis var. affinis
3 or 4. Follicles cylindric. Seeds ovoid. Fl. Sep.
● Mixed forests; 2700–2800 m. S Xizang (Yadong Xian). 川康绣线梅(原变种) chuan kang xiu xian mei (yuan bian
zhong)
5. Neillia rubiflora D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 228. 1825.
Raceme 3–6 cm, 6–15-flowered. Carpels 1 or 2; ovules 4–
粉花绣线梅 fen hua xiu xian mei 6.
Spiraea rubiacea Wallich. ● Mixed forests; 1100–3500 m. C Sichuan (Emei Shan, Kangding
Xian), S Xizang (Nyalam Xian), NW Yunnan (Dêqên Xian, Weixi
Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branchlets red-purple, angled, hairy Xian).
when young, glabrescent; buds purple-red, ovoid, with 2 or 3
scales glabrous or slightly pubescent at margin, apex acute. 6b. Neillia affinis var. pauciflora (Rehder) J. E. Vidal, Adan-
Stipules ovate-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, membranous, sonia 3: 156. 1963.
slightly pubescent, margin entire, apex acuminate; petiole 1–2 少花川康绣线梅 shao hua chuan kang xiu xian mei
cm, pubescent; leaf blade broadly ovate to triangular-ovate, 4–6
× 3–4.5 cm, glabrous on both surfaces or abaxially slightly pu- Neillia pauciflora Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 437.
bescent, base cordate, rarely rounded, margin sharply doubly 1913.
serrate, apex acuminate. Raceme 2–4 cm, 5–12-flowered; pe- Raceme 3–4 cm, 5–10-flowered. Carpel 1; ovules 8–10.
duncle and pedicels glabrous. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam.; pedi-
cel 2–3 mm. Hypanthium urceolate-campanulate, 2–3 mm, ● 2000–2300 m. SE Yunnan.
abaxially pubescent. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, shorter than 6c. Neillia affinis var. polygyna Cardot ex J. E. Vidal, Adan-
or nearly equaling hypanthium, densely pubescent, margin en- sonia 3: 156. 1963.
tire, apex acuminate. Petals pinkish white, obovate, ca. 3 mm.
Stamens 25–30. Ovary subglobose, slightly hairy at apex; 多果川康绣线梅 duo guo chuan kang xiu xian mei
ovules 8–10. Follicles ellipsoid, glabrous. Seeds ovoid. Fl. Jun– Carpels 3–5; ovules 4–6.
Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
● Open forests; ca. 3400 m. NW Yunnan.
Grassy slopes by streams in mixed forests; 2500–3000 m. Si-
chuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sikkim]. 7. Neillia sparsiflora Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 327. 1942.
6. Neillia affinis Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 3. 1892. 疏花绣线梅 shu hua xiu xian mei

川康绣线梅 chuan kang xiu xian mei Branchlets red-brown, sparsely reddish glandular, glabre-
scent; buds not seen. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, 4–5 mm, gland-
Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branchlets red-brown, glabrous or ular, margin ciliate, apex acute; petiole 1–1.5 cm, glandular
nearly so; buds purple-red, long ovoid, with 4 or 5 scales hairy or appressed pubescent distally; leaf blade ovate or ovate-
slightly pubescent at margin, apex obtuse or acute. Stipules oblong, 3.5–6 × 2–3.5 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent on
long ovate to linear-lanceolate, ca. 4 mm, membranous, subgla- veins and hairy in vein axils, adaxially glabrous, base truncate
brous, margin serrate, apex acute; petiole 8–12 mm, sparsely or subcordate, margin usually with 1 or 2 pairs of triangular
pubescent or subglabrous; leaf blade ovate, triangular-ovate, lobes, unequally or doubly serrate, apex long acuminate. Race-
rarely long ovate-elliptic, 3.5–6.8 × 3–5 cm, glabrous or sub- me 3.5–4.5 cm, 4–6(–12)-flowered; peduncle and pedicels red-
glabrous, base cordate or subcordate, margin usually with 1 or 2 dish glandular pubescent. Flowers 3–4 mm in diam.; pedicel 2–
pairs of lobes, sharply singly or doubly serrate, apex acuminate 4 mm. Hypanthium urceolate-campanulate, ca. 7 mm, abaxially
or caudate. Raceme 3–8 cm, 5–15-flowered; peduncle and glabrous, adaxially pubescent. Petals pinkish, broadly elliptic,
pedicels pubescent. Flowers 4–5 mm in diam.; pedicel 3–5 mm. 4.5–5 mm. Stamens 20–30. Ovary cylindric, pubescent distally;
Hypanthium urceolate-campanulate, 2–5 mm, abaxially densely ovules 7–9. Follicles not seen. Fl. Jul.
pubescent and stipitate glandular. Sepals triangular-lanceolate,
shorter than hypanthium, pubescent on both surfaces, margin ● NW Yunnan.
entire, apex acuminate. Petals pink, obovate, ca. 3 mm. Stamens 8. Neillia gracilis Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 202. 1890.
ca. 20. Carpels 1–5; ovary cylindric, pubescent; ovules 4–6(–
10). Follicles ellipsoid, pubescent. Seeds ovoid. Fl. May–Jun, 矮生绣线梅 ai sheng xiu xian mei
fr. Jul–Sep.
Subshrubs low, to 0.5 m tall. Branchlets recurved, angled,
● Mixed forests, open forests; 1100–3500 m. C Sichuan, S Xi- glabrous; buds red-brown, long ovoid, with 2 or 3 subglabrous
zang, NW and SE Yunnan. scales, apex obtuse. Stipules ovate or triangular-ovate, 4–6 mm,
 ROSACEAE

subglabrous, margin serrate, ciliate, apex acute; petiole 1–6 cm, or 5. Follicles long ellipsoid. Seeds ovoid. Fl. May–Jun, fr.
slightly pubescent; leaf blade ovate to triangular-ovate, rarely Aug–Sep.
subreniform, 2.5–3 × 2–3 cm, pubescent on both surfaces or
● Valley slopes and mixed forests; 1000–2500 m. Gansu, Guang-
subglabrous, base cordate, margin irregularly 3–5-lobed, sharp- dong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Si-
ly doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, rarely obtuse. Race- chuan, Yunnan.
mes axillary, 1–1.8 cm, 3–7-flowered; peduncle and pedicels
subglabrous. Flowers ca. 6 mm in diam.; pedicel ca. 2 mm. Hy- 1a. Pedicels 3–10 mm; hypanthium 10–12
panthium urceolate-campanulate, 3.5–4 mm, abaxially slightly mm, abaxially glabrous ........................... 10a. var. sinensis
pubescent. Sepals triangular-ovate, 2–3 mm, shorter than hy- 1b. Pedicels 1–3 mm; hypanthium 7–8 mm,
panthium, slightly pubescent on both surfaces, margin entire, abaxially glandular or sparsely so.
apex acuminate. Petals white or pinkish, orbicular, ca. 4 mm. 2a. Leaf blade margin parted, lobes
Stamens 15–20. Ovary narrowly ovoid, densely villous; ovules caudate-acuminate at apex; pedicels
2. Follicles pubescent. Seeds ovoid. Fl. May–Jul. 2–3 mm; sepals caudate-acuminate
at apex ............................................ 10b. var. caudata
● Alpine meadows, moist slopes; 2800–3000 m. W Sichuan, N 2b. Leaf blade margin lobed, lobes
Yunnan.
obtuse or acute at apex; pedicels
9. Neillia uekii Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 3. 1912. 1–2 mm; sepals acute at apex ....... 10c. var. duclouxii

东北绣线梅 dong bei xiu xian mei 10a. Neillia sinensis var. sinensis

Neillia millsii Dunn. 中华绣线梅(原变种) zhong hua xiu xian mei (yuan bian
zhong)
Shrubs erect, to 2 m tall. Branchlets red-brown, slender,
slightly pubescent when young, glabrescent; buds purple, Neillia glandulocalyx H. Léveillé; N. sinensis f. gland-
ovoid, with 3 or 4 scales pubescent at margin. Stipules ovate- uligera (Hemsley) Rehder; N. sinensis var. glanduligera Hems-
lanceolate to triangular-lanceolate, herbaceous, margin serrate, ley.
apex acute; petiole 5–10 mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade Pedicels 3–10 mm. Hypanthium 10–12 mm, abaxially gla-
ovate to elliptic-ovate, rarely triangular-ovate, 3–6 × 2–4 cm, brous.
abaxially slightly pubescent on veins, adaxially glabrous, base
rounded to truncate, margin pinnately lobed, doubly serrate, ● Valley slopes and mixed forests; 1000–2500 m. Gansu, Guang-
apex long acuminate or caudate. Racemes 4–9 cm, 10–25-flow- dong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi Shaanxi, Si-
ered; peduncle and pedicels slightly pubescent and stellate chuan, Yunnan.
hairy. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam.; pedicel 3–4 mm. Hypanthium 10b. Neillia sinensis var. caudata Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wil-
urceolate-campanulate, 3–4 mm, abaxially pubescent. Sepals son. 1: 436. 1913.
triangular, slightly shorter than hypanthium, pubescent on both
surfaces, margin entire, apex acuminate. Petals white, spatulate, 尾叶中华绣线梅 wei ye zhong hua xiu xian mei
ca. 4 mm. Stamens ca. 10. Ovary ovoid, pubescent along adax- Neillia thibetica Bureau & Franchlet var. caudata (Reh-
ial suture and at apex; ovules 2. Follicles long ovoid. Seeds der) J. E. Vidal.
ovoid.
Leaf blade margin parted; lobes caudate-acuminate at
SE Liaoning (Changdian) [Korea]. apex. Pedicels 2–3 mm. Hypanthium ca. 8 mm, abaxially
10. Neillia sinensis Oliver, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 16: t. 1540. glandular. Sepals caudate-acuminate at apex.
1886. ● 2000–2100 m. SE Yunnan.
中华绣线梅 zhong hua xiu xian mei 10c. Neillia sinensis var. duclouxii (Cardot ex J. E. Vidal) T.
Shrubs to 4 m tall. Branchlets red-brown, glabrous; buds T. Yu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 91. 1974.
red-brown, ovoid, with 3 or 4 scales slightly pubescent at mar- 滇东中华绣线梅 dian dong zhong hua xiu xian mei
gin, apex obtuse. Stipules lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, mem-
branous, margin entire, apex acute or acuminate; petiole 7–15 Neillia thibetica var. duclouxii Cardot ex J. E. Vidal,
mm, slightly pubescent or subglabrous; leaf blade ovate or Adansonia 3: 163. 1963.
ovate-elliptic, 5–11 × 3–6 cm, glabrous on both surfaces or Leaf blade lobed; lobes obtuse or acute at apex. Pedicels
abaxially pubescent in vein axils, base rounded or subcordate, 1–2 mm. Hypanthium 7–8 mm, abaxially sparsely glandular.
margin often irregularly lobed or parted, doubly serrate, apex Sepals acute at apex.
long acuminate. Racemes 4–9 cm, many flowered; peduncle
● About 2000 m. E Yunnan.
and pedicels glabrous. Flowers 6–8 mm in diam.; pedicel 1–10
mm. Hypanthium cylindric, 0.7–1.2 cm, abaxially glabrous or 11. Neillia ribesioides Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 435.
glandular. Sepals triangular, 3–4 mm, much shorter than hypan- 1913.
thium, glabrous, margin entire, apex acute to caudate-acumi-
毛叶绣线梅 mao ye xiu xian mei
nate. Petals pinkish, obovate, ca. 3 mm. Stamens 10–15; fila-
ments unequal. Ovary long ovoid, pubescent at apex; ovules 4 Neillia hypomalaca Rehder; N. sinensis Oliver var. hypo-
 ROSACEAE

malaca (Rehder) Handel-Mazzetti; N. sinensis var. ribesioides Stipules lanceolate, margin serrate and ciliate; leaf blade
(Rehder) J. E. Vidal; N. villosa W. W. Smith. margin irregularly 3–5-lobed.
Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branchlets densely yellow-brown pu- ● Stream sides in mixed forests; 1500–3000 m. W Sichuan, NW
bescent when young, later gray-brown; buds red-brown, ovoid, Yunnan.
with 4 or 5 scales pubescent at margin. Stipules oblong to lan-
12b. Neillia thibetica var. lobata (Rehder) T. T. Yu, Fl.
ceolate, 5–10 mm, herbaceous, slightly pubescent, margin en-
Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 94. 1974.
tire, apex obtuse; petiole ca. 5 mm, densely pubescent; leaf
blade triangular to triangular-ovate, 4–6 × 3.5–4 cm, abaxially 裂叶西康绣线梅 lie ye xi kang xiu xian mei
densely pubescent particularly on veins, adaxially sparsely pu-
bescent, base truncate or subcordate, margin 3–5-lobed, sharply Neillia longiracemosa var. lobata Rehder, J. Arnold
doubly serrate, apex acuminate. Racemes 4–5 cm, 10–15-flow- Arbor. 1: 257. 1920.
ered; peduncle and pedicels subglabrous. Flowers ca. 6 mm in Stipules ovate-lanceolate, margin repand-serrate and cili-
diam.; pedicel 3–4 mm. Hypanthium cylindric, 8–9 mm, abax- ate; leaf blade margin distinctly lobed ca. 1/2 way to midvein.
ially glabrous, sparsely glandular pubescent at base. Sepals tri-
angular, ca. 2 mm, shorter than hypanthium, margin entire, ● About 2900 m. SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
apex caudate. Petals white or pinkish, obovate, ca. 2 mm. Sta- 13. Neillia breviracemosa T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin
mens 10–15. Ovary narrowly ovoid, pubescent only at apex; 10(1): 13. 1990.
ovules 4 or 5. Follicles long ellipsoid. Seeds ovoid. Fl. May, fr.
Jul–Sep. 短序绣线梅 duan xu xiu xian mei
● Open forests; 1000–2500 m. Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Shrubs to 70 cm tall. Branchlets greenish, subglabrous or
Yunnan. slightly pubescent; buds purple-red, long ovoid, with 3 or 4
12. Neillia thibetica Bureau & Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 5: 45. subglabrous scales, apex acute. Stipules ovate, ca. 5 mm, herba-
1891. ceous, subglabrous, margin remotely serrate, apex acute; petiole
6–9 mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade ovate-oblong, 4–7 × 2–
西康绣线梅 xi kang xiu xian mei 3.5 cm, abaxially glabrous except on veins, adaxially sparsely
Shrubs to 3 m tall. Branchlets densely yellow-brown pu- pubescent, base cordate or subrounded, margin often with 1 pair
bescent when young, purple-brown when old; buds purple- of lobes at base, irregularly doubly serrate, apex long caudate.
brown, ovoid, with 3 or 4 scales pubescent at margin, apex Racemes 1.5–3 cm, 5–8-flowered; peduncle subglabrous. Pedi-
acute. Stipules lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 4–8 mm, herba- cel 3–4 mm, pubescent. Hypanthium cylindric, ca. 6 mm, abax-
ceous, pubescent on both surfaces, margin serrate or repand- ially densely pubescent. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, 6–7 mm,
serrate, ciliate, apex acute; petiole 8–10 mm, densely pubes- slightly longer than hypanthium, densely pubescent on both sur-
cent; leaf blade ovate to long elliptic, rarely triangular-ovate, 5– faces, margin entire, apex long caudate. Petals and stamens not
10 × 3–6 cm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially sparsely pubescent, seen. Ovary slightly pubescent or subglabrous; ovules not seen.
base rounded or cordate, margin sharply doubly serrate, often Follicles cylindric, sparsely pubescent, later glabrescent. Seeds
irregularly 3–5-lobed or distinctly lobed ca. 1/2 way to midvein, not seen. Fr. Jun.
apex acuminate. Racemes 5–15 cm, 3–5-flowered; peduncle
● About 2000 m. W Yunnan (Lushui Xian).
and pedicels densely pubescent. Flowers ca. 4 mm in diam.;
pedicel 3–4 mm. Hypanthium cylindric, 5–6 mm, densely pu- 14. Neillia fugongensis T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(1):
bescent on both surfaces. Sepals triangular, 2–3 mm, shorter 12. 1990.
than hypanthium, densely pubescent on both surfaces, margin
entire, apex caudate. Petals pinkish white, obovate, ca. 3 mm. 福贡绣线梅 fu gong xiu xian mei
Stamens 15–20. Ovary cylindric, pubescent only at apex; Shrubs to 3 m tall. Branchlets red-brown, pubescent when
ovules 5–8. Follicles cylindric. Seeds ovoid. Fl. May–Jun, fr. young, glabrescent; buds not seen. Stipules ovate, 4–5 mm,
Jul–Sep.
herbaceous, subglabrous, margin with remote stipitate glandular
● Stream sides in mixed forests; 1500–3000 m. W Sichuan, NW teeth, apex acuminate; petiole 5–8 mm, pubescent; leaf blade
Yunnan. oblong or ovate-oblong, 4–5.5 × 2–4 cm, abaxially densely
1a. Leaf blade margin irregularly 3–5-lobed, pubescent on veins, adaxially sparsely appressed pubescent,
stipules lanceolate, margin serrate and base subcordate, rarely truncate, margin irregularly doubly ser-
ciliate ...................................................... 12a. var. thibetica rate and usually irregularly 5- or 6-lobed, apex long caudate-
1b. Leaf blade margin distinctly lobed ca. acuminate. Raceme 4–5.5 cm, 4- or 5-flowered; peduncle and
1/2 way to midvein, stipules ovate- pedicels densely pubescent. Hypanthium cylindric, abaxially
lanceolate, margin repand-serrate and densely pubescent. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, slightly shorter
ciliate ......................................................... 12b. var. lobata than or equaling hypanthium, pubescent on both surfaces.
Petals not seen. Stamens numerous. Ovary cylindric, pubescent;
12a. Neillia thibetica var. thibetica
ovules 2–4. Follicles cylindric, pubescent. Seeds cylindric. Fl.
西康绣线梅(原变种) xi kang xiu xian mei (yuan bian zhong) Jun–Jul.
Neillia longiracemosa Hemsley; N. velutina Bureau. ● 1700–2600 m. NW Yunnan (Fugong Xian).
 ROSACEAE

15. Neillia jinggangshanensis Z. X. Yu, Bull. Bot. Res., Har- densely so on veins, adaxially sparsely pubescent, base cuneate
bin 3(1): 150. 1983. to cordate, rarely rounded, margin doubly serrate and usually 4-
or 5-lobed, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate. Racemes 5–6
井冈山绣线梅 jing gang shan xiu xian mei cm, 20–40-flowered. Flowers 3–5 mm in diam.; pedicel 3–4
Shrubs to 3 m tall, yellowish brown pubescent in most mm. Hypanthium cylindric, abaxially yellowish brown pubes-
parts. Branchlets red-brown, angled; buds purple-red, ovoid, cent and stipitate glandular. Sepals triangular, shorter than
with 3 or 4 subglabrous scales, apex acute. Stipules oblong, hypanthium, margin entire, apex acuminate. Petals not seen.
3.5–4.5 mm, herbaceous, subglabrous, margin remotely serrate, Stamens 15–20. Ovary cylindric, yellowish brown villous;
apex obtuse; petiole 4–10 mm; leaf blade ovate-oblong or tri- ovules 4 or 5. Follicles cylindric. Seeds ovoid-globose. Fl. Jun.
angular-oblong, 3–9.5 × 2.3–4.5 cm, abaxially pubescent, ● About 400 m. W Jiangxi (Jinggangshan).

7. STEPHANANDRA Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3:
739. 1843.
野珠兰属 ye zhu lan shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Crinan Alexander
Shrubs deciduous. Branchlets reddish brown when young, terete, slightly pubescent; buds usually 2 or 3 superposed, ovoid,
small, with 2–4 scales. Leaves petiolate; stipules acuminate at apex; leaf blade simple, margin serrate, usually lobed. Inflorescence a
terminal corymb or panicle, many flowered; bracts small, margin entire. Flowers small, bisexual; pedicel slender. Hypanthium cupu-
lar. Sepals 5, persistent in fruit, apex obtuse. Petals 5, white, shorter than sepals. Stamens 10–20, borne on margin of hypanthium;
filaments short. Carpel 1; ovules 2, pendulous; style terminal, erect. Follicle obliquely subglobose, crustaceous, dehiscing from base.
Seeds 1 or 2, lustrous, globose to ovoid.
About five species: E Asia; two species (one endemic) in China.

1a. Leaf blades ovate to long elliptic-ovate, 5–7 cm, margin usually shallowly lobed; pedicels and hypanthium
glabrous .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1. S. chinensis
1b. Leaf blades triangular-ovate to ovate, 2–4 cm, margin lobed ca. 1/3 way to midvein; pedicels and hypanthium
pubescent ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2. S. incisa
1. Stephanandra chinensis Hance, J. Bot. 20: 210. 1882. 深裂野珠兰 shen lie ye zhu lan
野珠兰 ye zhu lan Spiraea incisa Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14,
472. 1784; Stephanandra flexuosa Siebold & Zuccarini.
Stephanandra flexuosa Siebold & Zuccarini var. chinensis
(Hance) Pampanini. Shrubs to 2.5 m tall. Branchlets becoming purple-gray;
buds glabrous or slightly pubescent at apex. Stipules ovate-
Shrubs to 1.5 m. Buds reddish brown, pubescent at scale
lanceolate to long elliptic, ca. 5 mm, margin sparsely toothed,
margins. Stipules linear-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 6–8
mm, glabrous; petiole 6–8 mm, subglabrous; leaf blade ovate to ciliate; petiole 2–5 mm, pubescent; leaf blade triangular-ovate
long elliptic-ovate, 5–7 × 2–3 cm, glabrous or abaxially pubes- to ovate, 2–4 × 1.5–2.5 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent,
cent on veins, lateral veins in 7–10 pairs, base subcordate or densely so on veins, adaxially pubescent, base cordate or
rounded, rarely broadly cuneate, margin doubly serrate, usually truncate, margin doubly serrate, with 4 or 5 pairs of lobes
shallowly lobed, apex acuminate, rarely caudate. Panicle 2–3 reaching ca. 1/3 way to midvein, apex acuminate. Panicle lax,
cm in diam.; peduncle and pedicels glabrous; bracts lanceolate 2–6 cm in diam.; peduncle and pedicels pubescent; bracts
to linear-lanceolate, apex obtuse. Flowers 4–5 mm in diam.; lanceolate, apex obtuse or acute. Flowers 4–5 mm in diam.;
pedicel 3–6 mm. Hypanthium glabrous. Sepals erect in fruit, pedicel 5–8 mm. Hypanthium sparsely pubescent. Sepals erect
triangular-ovate, ca. 2 mm, margin entire. Petals ovate, rarely or spreading in fruit, triangular to oblong, ca. 2 mm, margin
oblong, ca. 2 mm. Stamens ca. 10, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. minutely serrate, apex obtuse. Petals obovate, 2–3 mm, apex
Follicle ca. 2 mm in diam., pubescent, later sparsely so. Seed 1, obtuse. Stamens ca. 10, shorter than petals. Follicle 2–3 mm in
ovoid. Fl. May, fr. Jul–Aug. diam., pilose, later glabrescent. Seed 1, ovoid. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr.
● Broad-leaved forest margins; 1000–1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Aug–Sep.
Guangdong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
Mountain slopes, often by streams; 500–1000 m. Liaoning
2. Stephanandra incisa (Thunberg) Zabel, Gart.-Zeitung (Ber- (Changhai, Xiuyan), E Shandong (Mouping, Qingdao), Taiwan (Huali-
lin) 4: 511. 1885. angam) [Japan, Korea].

8. EXOCHORDA Lindley, Gard. Chron. 1858: 925. 1858.

白鹃梅属 bei juan mei shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Crinan Alexander
Shrubs deciduous. Branches spreading; branchlets angled, glabrous; buds ± ovoid, with several imbricate scales, glabrous or
 ROSACEAE

subglabrous, apex obtuse or acute. Leaves petiolate; stipules absent or small and caducous; leaf blade simple, margin entire or ser-
rate. Inflorescence a terminal raceme. Flowers rather large, more than 2 cm in diam. Hypanthium shallowly campanulate. Sepals 5,
very short and broad. Petals 5, imbricate, white, oblong to broadly obovate, base attenuate into a claw. Stamens 15–30; filaments
borne on margin of large disk, short. Carpels 5, connate; ovary superior, deeply furrowed, 5-loculed; styles free. Fruit a capsule, ob-
conic, 5-angled, dehiscent along both sutures. Seeds 1 or 2, oblate, winged.
About four species: C and E Asia; three species (two endemic) in China.

1a. Leaf blades serrate above middle ............................................................................................................................... 3. E. serratifolia

1b. Leaf blades mostly entire, occasionally serrate at apex.
2a. Pedicels 3–5 mm; petals with short claws; stamens 15–20; petiole 5–15 mm or nearly absent .......................... 1. E. racemosa
2b. Pedicels short or nearly absent; petals with long claws; stamens 25–30; petiole 15–25 mm .................................. 2. E. giraldii
1. Exochorda racemosa (Lindley) Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wil- 3–4.5 cm in diam.; stamens 25–30 ............. 2a. var. giraldii
son. 1: 456. 1913. 1b. Petiole green, leaf blade elliptic to oblong,
margin sometimes serrate; flowers ca.
白鹃梅 bai jian mei
5 cm in diam.; stamens 20–25 ................... 2b. var. wilsonii
Amelanchier racemosa Lindley, Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 33:
t. 38. 1847; Exochorda grandiflora Lindley. 2a. Exochorda giraldii var. giraldii

Shrubs to 3 m tall. Branchlets red-brown when young, 红柄白鹃梅(原变种) hong bing bai juan mei (yuan bian
later brown; buds dark purple, trigonous-ovoid, apex obtuse. zhong)
Petiole 5–15 mm or nearly absent; leaf blade elliptic or nar- Exochorda racemosa (Lindley) Rehder subsp. giraldii
rowly so to oblong-obovate, 3.5–6.5 × 1.5–3.5 cm, glabrous on (Hesse) F. Y. Gao & Maesen; E. racemosa var. giraldii (Hesse)
both surfaces, base cuneate or broadly so, margin entire, rarely Rehder.
obtusely serrate above middle, apex obtuse or acute, rarely
apiculate. Raceme 2.5–3.5 cm in diam., 6–10-flowered; pe- Petiole red, 1.5–2.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic or narrowly so,
duncle and pedicels glabrous; bracts broadly lanceolate, ca. 3 rarely oblong-obovate, margin entire, rarely obtusely serrate
mm, glabrous. Flowers 2.5–3.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 3–5 mm. above middle. Flowers 3–4.5 cm in diam. Stamens 25–30.
Hypanthium shallowly campanulate, glabrous. Sepals broadly ● Scrub on slopes; 1000–2000 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan,
triangular, ca. 2 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse or acute. Petals Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
obovate, ca. 1.5 × 1 cm, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Sta-
mens 15–20, 3- or 4-fascicled. Capsule glabrous; fruiting pedi- 2b. Exochorda giraldii var. wilsonii (Rehder) Rehder in L. H.
cel 3–8 mm. Fl. May, fr. Jun–Jul. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 2: 1194. 1914.

● Shady slopes; 200–500 m. Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang. 绿柄白鹃梅 lu bing bai juan mei

2. Exochorda giraldii Hesse, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 17: Exochorda racemosa var. wilsonii Rehder in Sargent, Pl.
191, 219. 1908. Wilson. 1: 450. 1913.

红柄白鹃梅 hong bing bai juan mei Petiole green, 1–2 cm; leaf blade elliptic to oblong, margin
sometimes serrate. Flowers ca. 5 cm in diam. Stamens 20–25.
Shrubs to 5 m tall. Branchlets green when young, red-
brown when old; buds red-brown, pubescent at scale margins, ● Rocky places in valleys; 600–1300 m. Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan,
apex obtuse. Petiole red or green, 1–2.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade Zhejiang.
elliptic to narrowly so or oblong, rarely oblong-obovate, 3–4 × 3. Exochorda serratifolia S. Moore, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 13: t.
1.5–3 cm, glabrous on both surfaces or abaxially pubescent, 1255. 1877.
base cuneate or broadly so to rounded, rarely oblique, margin
entire or serrate, apex obtuse or apiculate. Raceme 3–4.5 cm in 齿叶白鹃梅 chi ye bai juan mei
diam., 6–10-flowered; peduncle and pedicels glabrous; bracts Exochorda racemosa (Lindley) Rehder subsp. serratifolia
linear-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, glabrous. Flowers 3–5 cm in diam.; (S. Moore) F. Y. Gao & Maesen.
pedicel short or nearly absent. Hypanthium shallowly cam-
panulate, glabrous. Sepals nearly semiorbicular, ca. 2 mm, gla- Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branchlets red-purple when young,
brous, apex obtuse. Petals obovate or oblong-obovate, 2–2.5 × later dark purple; buds purple-red, ovoid, apex obtuse. Petiole
ca. 1.5 cm, base attenuate into a long claw, apex rounded. Sta- 1–2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic to oblong-ovate, 5–9 × 3–5
mens 20–30, 3- or 4-fascicled. Capsule glabrous; fruiting pedi- cm, slightly pubescent when young, later glabrous, base cuneate
cel 1–2 mm or nearly absent. Fl. May, fr. Jul–Aug. or broadly so, margin entire below middle, serrate above
middle, apex obtuse or acute. Raceme 3–4 cm, 4–7-flowered;
● Scrub on slopes, rocky places in valleys; 600–2000 m. Anhui, peduncle and pedicels glabrous; bracts linear-lanceolate, ca. 3
Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
mm, glabrous. Flowers 3–4 cm in diam.; pedicel 2–3 mm.
1a. Petiole red, leaf blade elliptic or narrowly so, Hypanthium shallowly campanulate, glabrous. Sepals triangu-
rarely oblong-obovate, margin entire, rarely lar, ca. 2 mm, glabrous, apex acute. Petals oblong to obovate,
obtusely serrate above middle; flowers ca. 1.5 × 1 cm, base long clawed, apex emarginate. Stamens ca.
 ROSACEAE

25, 2–4-fascicled. Capsule glabrous; fruiting pedicel 2–3 mm. Exochorda serratifolia var. polytricha C. S. Zhu (Acta Phytotax.
Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. Sin. 32: 432. 1994), described from N Henan (Jiyuan Xian), was said to
differ in having the current year’s branchlets, petioles, leaf blades abaxi-
Scrub, slopes, river sides. NE Hebei (Wuling Shan), Liaoning ally, inflorescence rachis, and pedicels all densely white crispate pubes-
(Qian Shan) [Korea]. cent.

2. Subfam. MALOIDEAE
苹果亚科 ping guo ya ke
Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple or compound, margin serrate or entire; stipules present, persistent or caducous. Carpels (1 or)2–
5(–7), mostly ± connate and then united with inside of cupular receptacle, with 2, rarely 1 or several, erect anatropous ovules per car-
pel; ovary inferior or semi-inferior, rarely superior. Fruit usually a pome, sometimes berrylike. x = 17.
Between 20 and 28 genera and 940–1100 species: 16 genera (one endemic) and 275 species (167 endemic) in China.
The taxonomy of this subfamily is particularly challenging because of hybridization, polyploidy, and apomixis, especially for large genera.
This account follows the FRPS circumscription of genera; however, for an alternative treatment of genera, the reader can refer to Robertson et
al. (Syst. Bot. 16: 376–394. 1991).
1a. Fruit with 1–5 pyrenes; carpels bony when mature.
2a. Leaves pinnate, leaflets small, entire; carpels 5 .................................................................................................... 13. Osteomeles
2b. Leaves simple, entire, serrate, or lobed; carpels 1–5.
3a. Leaves entire; branches unarmed.
4a. Carpel 1, inserted at base of hypanthium, usually exserted from fleshy hypanthium when
mature ................................................................................................................................................. 9. Dichotomanthes
4b. Carpels 2–5, wholly to mostly united with hypanthium ......................................................................... 10. Cotoneaster
3b. Leaves serrate or lobed, rarely entire; branches usually spiny.
5a. Plant evergreen; carpels 5, with 2 fertile ovules per carpel .................................................................... 11. Pyracantha
5b. Plant deciduous, rarely semievergreen; carpels 1–5, with 1 fertile ovule per carpel ............................... 12. Crataegus
1b. Fruit a 1–5(–7)-loculed pome, each locule with 1 to many seeds; carpels leathery or papery when mature.
6a. Inflorescence compound-corymbose or paniculate, rarely umbellate, many flowered.
7a. Leaves simple or compound, plant usually deciduous; pulp of fruit heterogeneous (with large prominent
stone cells) to homogeneous (without stone cells) ................................................................................................ 18. Sorbus
7b. Leaves simple, plant evergreen or deciduous; pulp of fruit homogeneous.
8a. Carpels partly free; ovary semi-inferior; inflorescence a compound corymb.
9a. Ovary in fruit free to middle; endocarp dehiscent when mature; leaves entire or minutely
serrate ................................................................................................................................................ 14. Stranvaesia
9b. Ovary in fruit only free apically or to 1/3 length; endocarp not dehiscent; leaves serrate, rarely
entire ....................................................................................................................................................... 15. Photinia
8b. Carpels wholly connate; ovary inferior; inflorescence a panicle or raceme.
10a. Sepals persistent in fruit; inflorescence paniculate, rarely racemose; leaves with excurrent lateral
veins; carpels (2 or)3–5 .................................................................................................................... 16. Eriobotrya
10b. Sepals caducous in fruit; inflorescence racemose, rarely paniculate; leaves with curved lateral
veins; carpels 2(or 3) .................................................................................................................... 17. Rhaphiolepis
6b. Inflorescence umbellate or racemose, sometimes flowers fascicled or solitary.
11a. Carpels 3- to many seeded.
12a. Styles free; branches inermous; leaves entire .......................................................................................... 19. Cydonia
12b. Styles connate at base; branches sometimes spiny; leaves serrate or entire.
13a. Calyx densely pubescent abaxially, with persistent lobes; ovules 3–10 per locule; flowers
fascicled or 2–5 in umbellate inflorescence ................................................................................... 20. Docynia
13b. Calyx glabrous abaxially, with caducous lobes; ovules many per locule; flowers solitary
or fascicled ............................................................................................................................. 21. Chaenomeles
11b. Carpels 1- or 2-seeded.
14a. Ovary and fruit incompletely 6–10-loculed, with 1 ovule per locule .............................................. 24. Amelanchier
14b. Ovary and fruit 2–5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule.
15a. Plant evergreen; flowers in erect racemes or sometimes panicles; fruit black, smaller,
2-loculed, with caducous sepals ............................................................................................. 17. Rhaphiolepis
15b. Plant deciduous; flowers in umbel-like racemes; fruit yellow, yellowish green, red, or brown,
larger, 2–5-loculed, with persistent or caducous sepals.
16a. Styles free; fruit usually pear-shaped, with numerous grit cells; inflorescence corymbose-
racemose .................................................................................................................................... 22. Pyrus
 ROSACEAE

16b. Styles connate basally; fruit usually apple-shaped, without or with few grit cells;
inflorescence a fascicle ............................................................................................................. 23. Malus

9. DICHOTOMANTHES Kurz, J. Bot. 11: 194. 1873.12

牛筋条属 niu jin tiao shu
Lu Lingdi (陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti); Stephen A. Spongberg
Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, simple, venation camptodromous, margin entire, rarely serrate; stipules caducous, small;
petiole short. Inflorescences terminal, compound-corymbose, many flowered; bracts usually caducous. Hypanthium campanulate.
Calyx fleshy and enlarged in fruit, with 2 bracteoles basally; sepals 5, white, suborbicular or obovate. Stamens (15–)20; filaments
alternately shorter; anthers didymous. Carpel 1, inserted at base of hypanthium; ovary superior, 1-loculed; style subterminal to lat-
eral; stigma discoid, margin irregular; ovules 2, collateral, erect. Fruit dry, usually exserted from fleshy hypanthium, sepals persistent
and erect; carpel leathery, 1-seeded; seeds compressed; cotyledons plano-convex.
● One species.

1. Dichotomanthes tristaniicarpa Kurz, J. Bot. 11: 195. 1873. yellowish white tomentose, thinly
so when old ...................................... 1a. var. tristaniicarpa
牛筋条 niu jin tiao
1b. Leaves abaxially initially densely
Shrubs to small trees, 2–7 m tall. Branchlets grayish yellowish white tomentose, gradually
brown to grayish black when old, initially densely yellowish glabrescent, subglabrous or slightly
white tomentose, glabrescent, glabrous when old; buds ovoid, pubescent only along midvein
small, initially tomentose, gradually glabrescent, apex obtuse or when old .................................................. 1b. var. glabrata
± acute. Petiole 4–6 mm, thick, densely yellowish white tomen-
1a. Dichotomanthes tristaniicarpa var. tristaniicarpa
tose; stipules caducous, filiform; leaf blade elliptic to oblong-
lanceolate, sometimes obovate or oblanceolate, 3–6 × 1.5–2.5 牛筋条(原变种) niu jin tiao (yuan bian zhong)
cm, lateral veins 7–12 pairs, abaxially initially densely yel-
lowish white tomentose, later thinly so or glabrescent, adaxially Leaf blade initially densely yellowish white tomentose
glabrous or with few hairs only along midvein, base cuneate to abaxially, thinly so when old.
rounded, margin entire, rarely sparsely serrate above middle, ● Mixed forests, evergreen forest margins, open slopes; 1500–
apex acute or obtuse, usually abruptly pointed. Inflorescences 2500 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
2–5 × 3–6 mm; rachis and pedicels yellowish white tomentose;
bracts caducous, lanceolate, membranous. Pedicel 1–3 mm. 1b. Dichotomanthes tristaniicarpa var. glabrata Rehder in
Flowers 5–9 mm in diam. Hypanthium 2–3 mm, both sides Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 344. 1915.
densely tomentose. Sepals green, triangular, shorter than hypan- 光叶牛筋条 guang ye niu jin tiao
thium, margin toothed, apex obtuse. Petals white, suborbicular
or broadly ovate, 3–4 mm, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse or Dichotomanthes tristaniicarpa f. glabrata (Rehder) C. Y.
emarginate. Stamens (15–)20, shorter than petals; filaments gla- Wu & Lihua Zhou.
brous, smooth. Ovary pubescent abaxially; style subterminal to
Leaf blade initially densely yellowish white tomentose
lateral at anthesis, becoming subterminal at fruiting, not exceed-
abaxially, gradually glabrescent, subglabrous or slightly pubes-
ing stamens, glabrous; stigma discoid-capitate, lobulate. Fruit cent only along midvein when old.
red, long terete, 5–7 mm, hard, glabrous except apex slightly
shortly pubescent, exserted from fleshy hypanthium, base of ● Slopes; 1300–1500 m. S Yunnan (Simao Xian).
style forming a small apicula. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Nov. Wu Zhengyi (editor’s note) believes this variety is merely a form
● Mixed forests, evergreen forest margins, slopes; 1300–2500 m. occurring on the southern margin of the distribution of the species.
Sichuan, Yunnan.
1a. Leaves abaxially initially densely

10. COTONEASTER Medikus, Philos. Bot. 1: 154. 1789.

栒子属 xun zi shu
Lu Lingdi (陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti); Anthony R. Brach
Shrubs, rarely small trees, erect, decumbent, or prostrate, deciduous, semievergreen, or evergreen. Branchlets mostly terete,
rarely slightly angulate, unarmed. Winter buds small; scales several, imbricate, exposed. Leaves alternate, simple, shortly petiolate;
stipules caducous, usually subulate, small; margin of leaf blade entire, venation camptodromous. Inflorescences terminal or axillary,

12
Extensive contributions were received from Kenneth R. Robertson (ILLS), Herbarium, Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 East Peabody Drive, 172 Natural Resources
Building, Champaign, Illinois 61820-6970, U.S.A.
 ROSACEAE

cymose or corymbose, sometimes flowers several fascicled or solitary. Hypanthium turbinate or campanulate, rarely cylindric, adnate
to ovary. Sepals 5, persistent, short. Petals 5, erect or spreading, imbricate in bud, white, pink, or red. Stamens 10–20(–22), inserted
in mouth of hypanthium. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, 2–5-loculed; carpels 2–5, connate abaxially, free adaxially; ovules 2 per
carpel, erect; styles 2–5, free; stigmas dilated. Fruit a drupe-like pome, red, brownish red, or orange to black, with persistent, in-
curved, fleshy sepals, containing pyrenes; pyrenes (1 or)2–5, bony, 1-seeded; seeds compressed; cotyledons plano-convex.
About 90 species in the broad sense: widespread in temperate N Africa, Asia (except Japan), Central America (Mexico), and Europe, most abun-
dant in SW China; 59 species (37 endemic) in China.
The shrubs are widely planted as ornamentals for their attractive fruits and flowers, and as borders, hedges, and ground cover. Further studies are
necessary to clarify a taxonomy complicated by hybridization and apomixis.

1a. Inflorescences compact compound corymbs, more than 20-flowered; petals white, spreading; leaves large,
more than 2.5 cm.
2a. Leaf blade abaxially initially pilose, glabrate.
3a. Leaf blade elliptic to ovate, apex obtuse or acute; fruit reddish yellow, ovoid to obovoid, 6–7 mm in
diam. ................................................................................................................................................................ 8. C. glaucophyllus
3b. Leaf blade oblong-lanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate, apex acuminate or acute; fruit red, globose, 4–5
mm in diam. ........................................................................................................................................................... 9. C. glabratus
2b. Leaf blade abaxially persistently densely tomentose.
4a. Deciduous shrub to small tree.
5a. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic to ovate-lanceolate; fruit bright red, ellipsoid, 4–5 mm in diam. ........................... 6. C. frigidus
5b. Leaf blade ovate or elliptic-ovate; fruit purplish brown to black, ovoid, 6–8 mm in diam. ................................... 7. C. affinis
4b. Evergreen or semievergreen shrub.
6a. Leaf blade abaxially persistently densely tomentose, apex obtuse or acute.
7a. Inflorescences densely yellow tomentose; fruit obovoid; leaf blade obovate to elliptic ............................... 4. C. coriaceus
7b. Inflorescences densely gray tomentose; fruit turbinate; leaf blade obovate-lanceolate to oblong-
lanceolate ........................................................................................................................................................ 5. C. turbinatus
6b. Leaf blade abaxially initially tomentose, glabrescent, apex acute to acuminate.
8a. Pedicel very short or nearly absent; inflorescences 2–3.5 cm; fruit ellipsoid, pyrenes always 2 .............. 3. C. harrovianus
8b. Pedicel 2–4 mm; inflorescences 3–5 cm; fruit subglobose or pyriform, pyrenes 2–4.
9a. Leaf blade adaxially shallowly rugose, abaxially glaucous and tomentose; fruit subglobose ................. 1. C. salicifolius
9b. Leaf blade adaxially deeply rugose, abaxially yellow tomentose; fruit pyriform .............................. 2. C. rhytidophyllus
1b. Inflorescences lax corymbs, fewer than 20-flowered, sometimes reduced to a solitary flower; petals pink and
erect, or white and spreading; leaves often smaller.
10a. Corymb 3–15(–20)-flowered, sometimes reduced to a solitary flower; leaf blade longer than 2 cm, rarely
slightly shorter.
11a. Petals white, spreading; fruit red.
12a. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous or slightly pilose.
13a. Pedicel and abaxial surfaces of leaf blade and hypanthium sparsely pilose ..................................... 15. C. submultiflorus
13b. Pedicel and abaxial surfaces of leaf blade and hypanthium glabrous ..................................................... 16. C. multiflorus
12b. Leaf blade abaxially tomentose, rarely tomentose-villous.
14a. Hypanthium abaxially glabrous.
15a. Leaf blade oblong-elliptic, abaxially gray tomentose, sometimes adaxially initially pubescent;
petals 3.5–4 mm; fruit purplish red, with slightly glaucous bloom, obovoid ..................................... 13. C. mongolicus
15b. Leaf blade elliptic to broadly ovate, abaxially tomentose-villous, with glaucous bloom, always
adaxially glabrous; petals 5–6 mm; fruit dark red, ovoid, rarely oblong ........................................... 14. C. hebephyllus
14b. Hypanthium abaxially tomentose or villous.
16a. Semievergreen shrub; anthers purplish red; leaf blade leathery; fruit with 2 pyrenes ........................... 10. C. pannosus
16b. Deciduous shrub; anthers yellow; leaf blade herbaceous; fruit with 1 or 2 pyrenes.
17a. Leaf blade apically obtuse, abaxially white tomentose; hypanthium abaxially tomentose; petals
2.5–3.5 mm; fruit ovoid to ellipsoid ................................................................................................ 11. C. soongoricus
17b. Leaf blade apically acute, rarely obtuse, abaxially gray tomentose; hypanthium abaxially villous;
petals 4–5 mm; fruit subglobose ............................................................................................................ 12. C. silvestrii
11b. Petals pink, very rarely white, erect; fruit red, rarely black (C. melanocarpus, C. tenuipes).
18a. Leaf blade abaxially tomentose; fruit red, rarely black.
19a. Hypanthium abaxially glabrous or slightly puberulous.
20a. Fruit black; inflorescences 3–15-flowered, rachis tomentose ......................................................... 29. C. melanocarpus
20b. Fruit red; inflorescences 2–7-flowered, rachis glabrous to pilose.
21a. Hypanthium abaxially puberulous; flowers 2–4 in short fascicles, nearly 1/2 as long as leaves ..... 26. C. oliganthus
 ROSACEAE

21b. Hypanthium abaxially glabrous; flowers 2–7 in corymbs.

22a. Inflorescences nearly 1/2 as long as leaves; rachis and pedicels glabrous, rarely puberulous;
leaf blade broadly elliptic, broadly ovate, or suborbicular; fruit subglobose, rarely ovoid,
glabrous ........................................................................................................................................ 27. C. integerrimus
22b. Inflorescences nearly as long as leaves; rachis and pedicels pilose; leaf blade ovate to oblong-
ovate; fruit obovoid, puberulous ......................................................................................................... 28. C. gracilis
19b. Hypanthium abaxially densely tomentose or pilose.
23a. Leaf blade apically obtuse, rarely acute.
24a. Fruit black, ovoid, with 1 or 2 pyrenes; inflorescences 2–4-flowered .................................................. 19. C. tenuipes
24b. Fruit red, globose to ovoid or obovoid, with 2 or 3 pyrenes; inflorescences 3–15-flowered.
25a. Leaf blade elliptic to ovate; inflorescences 3- to more than 10-flowered; fruit obovoid or ovoid-
globose, with 2 pyrenes ......................................................................................................................... 17. C. zabelii
25b. Leaf blade broadly ovate to suborbicular; inflorescences 10–15-flowered; fruit oblong, with 3
pyrenes .............................................................................................................................................. 18. C. fangianus
23b. Leaf blade apically acute to acuminate.
26a. Rachis, pedicels, and hypanthium abaxially glabrous; fruit purplish black, subglobose, with
5 pyrenes ............................................................................................................................................ 25. C. reticulatus
26b. Rachis, pedicels, and hypanthium abaxially pubescent; fruit red or orangish red, obovoid, ovoid,
or subglobose, with 2–5 pyrenes.
27a. Rachis, pedicels, and hypanthium abaxially densely white tomentose; petals white; fruit obovoid,
pyrenes 2 ................................................................................................................................................ 20. C. wardii
27b. Rachis, pedicels, and hypanthium abaxially pilose; petals usually pink, sometimes white or red;
fruit subglobose to obovoid, pyrenes 3–5 or if pyrenes 2, then fruit ovoid.
28a. Inflorescences 5–11-flowered; fruit orangish red, with 3–5 pyrenes ........................................... 24. C. franchetii
28b. Inflorescences 3–7(–11)-flowered; fruit dark or bright red, with 2–5 pyrenes.
29a. Fruit ovoid, dark red, with 2 or 3 pyrenes; petals red ................................................................ 23. C. obscurus
29b. Fruit subglobose or obovoid, bright red, with 3–5 pyrenes; petals white or pink.
30a. Inflorescences 2-flowered; petals pink; leaf blade elliptic to ovate, abaxially densely
tomentose; fruit subglobose or obovoid, with 3–5 pyrenes .................................................. 21. C. dielsianus
30b. Inflorescences 3–11-flowered; petals white; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to oblong-ovate,
abaxially sparsely tomentose; fruit subglobose, with 5 pyrenes ...................................... 22. C. glomerulatus
18b. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous or pilose.
31a. Fruit red.
32a. Hypanthium abaxially glabrous when old; flowers 5–13 in corymbs; leaf blade adaxially conspicuously
rugose, veins prominently raised abaxially; styles 4 or 5; fruit with 4 or 5 pyrenes ................................ 33. C. bullatus
32b. Hypanthium abaxially slightly puberulous; flowers 1–9; leaf blade adaxially not rugose, veins raised
but not prominently; styles 2; fruit with 2 pyrenes.
33a. Flowers (1 or)2 or 3(–5); leaf blade elliptic-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, adaxially pilose; fruit
ellipsoid ............................................................................................................................................. 30. C. acuminatus
33b. Flowers 3–9; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate, adaxially glabrous or initially pilose, glabrescent;
fruit subglobose or obovoid.
34a. Leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate; fruit subglobose, glabrous ............................................................. 31. C. nitidifolius
34b. Leaf blade broadly elliptic or broadly ovate, sometimes obovate or suborbicular; fruit
obovoid, pilose or subglabrous ................................................................................................ 32. C. schantungensis
31b. Fruit black.
35a. Hypanthium abaxially glabrous or subglabrous; inflorescences 5–10-flowered; fruit ovoid or
subglobose ............................................................................................................................................... 37. C. ambiguus
35b. Hypanthium abaxially pilose; inflorescences 2–25-flowered; fruit ellipsoid, obovoid, or subglobose.
36a. Leaf blade apically acute; inflorescences 2–5-flowered; fruit ellipsoid or obovoid, with 2 or 3
pyrenes ................................................................................................................................................ 34. C. acutifolius
36b. Leaf blade apically acuminate; inflorescences 3–25-flowered; fruit subglobose or obovoid,
with 3–5 pyrenes.
37a. Inflorescences 9–25-flowered; leaf blade adaxially rugose and conspicuously bullate; pyrenes
4 or 5, smooth .............................................................................................................................. 35. C. moupinensis
37b. Inflorescences 3–7-flowered; leaf blade adaxially not bullate, veins slightly impressed;
pyrenes 3 or 4, furrowed and shallowly pitted on back .................................................................. 36. C. foveolatus
10b. Inflorescences solitary flowers, rarely 2- or 3(–7)-flowered (but 3–9(–11)-flowered in C. sherriffii); leaf
blade often less than 2 cm, rarely slightly longer.
38a. Petals white, spreading; fruit red, with 2 or 3(–5) pyrenes; prostrate or low evergreen shrub.
 ROSACEAE

39a. Abaxial surfaces of leaf blade and hypanthium tomentose ........................................................................... 38. C. buxifolius
39b. Abaxial surfaces of leaf blade and hypanthium pilose.
40a. Leaf blade ovate or oblong-ovate to elliptic, rarely obovate; fruit with 2–5 pyrenes.
41a. Leaf blade elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 1–2(–3) cm; fruit subglobose, with 4 or 5 pyrenes ..................... 39. C. dammeri
41b. Leaf blade ovate or oblong-ovate, rarely obovate, 0.9–1.5 cm; fruit ellipsoid-ovoid or ellipsoid,
with 2 or 3 pyrenes ........................................................................................................................... 40. C. morrisonensis
40b. Leaf blade suborbicular, ovate, obovate, or elliptic to oblanceolate; fruit with 1 or 2 pyrenes.
42a. Leaf blade elliptic, oblong or obovate to oblong-obovate, rarely oblanceolate, base cuneate.
43a. Flowers solitary, rarely 2 or 3; shrub prostrate or suberect; leaf blade obovate to oblong-obovate,
margin slightly revolute.
44a. Prostrate shrubs; leaf blade obovate to oblong-obovate, 4–10 mm; fruit scarlet-red, 5–7 mm
in diam. ....................................................................................................................................... 41. C. microphyllus
44b. Suberect shrubs; branches spreading to 40 cm; leaf blade elliptic to oblanceolate, rarely
oblong, 6–16(–20) mm; fruit bright scarlet, 8–10 mm in diam...................................................... 42. C. conspicuus
43b. Flowers 3–9(–11); shrub erect; leaf blade oblong-obovate, rarely oblanceolate, margin not
revolute ................................................................................................................................................... 43. C. sherriffii
42b. Leaf blade suborbicular or broadly ovate, base broadly cuneate to rounded.
45a. Leaf blade adaxially glabrous, abaxially pilose; flowers 1–3, petals white or tinged reddish,
spreading; fruit red, obovoid, with 2 or 3 pyrenes ......................................................................... 44. C. rotundifolius
45b. Leaf blade villous on both surfaces; flowers solitary, petals pink, erect; fruit dark red, ovoid-
globose, with 2 pyrenes ............................................................................................................................ 51. C. langei
38b. Petals red, rarely pink, erect; fruit red, rarely purplish black, with (1 or)2 or 3(or 4) pyrenes; spreading or
erect, deciduous or semievergreen shrub.
46a. Leaf blade abaxially densely tomentose; flowers usually solitary.
47a. Petals red; hypanthium abaxially pilose; leaf blade suborbicular or broadly elliptic, apex obtuse,
abaxially persistently yellow tomentose ......................................................................................................... 45. C. rubens
47b. Petals pink; hypanthium abaxially glabrous; leaf blade ovate, rarely ovate-elliptic, apex acute or
obtuse, abaxially tomentose, gradually glabrescent, subglabrous when old .............................................. 46. C. uniflorus
46b. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous or pilose; flowers 1–3(or 4).
48a. Hypanthium abaxially glabrous; erect shrub.
49a. Stems irregularly branched; fruit subglobose, sessile, erect.
50a. Leaf apically apiculate, rarely emarginate, blade suborbicular or orbicular-ovate, rarely broadly
obovate, glabrous on both surfaces or slightly puberulous only along veins abaxially; petals
pinkish ................................................................................................................................................. 58. C. apiculatus
50b. Leaf apically acute, sometimes obtuse, blade ovate or elliptic-ovate, pilose on both surfaces;
petals red ........................................................................................................................................... 59. C. sanguineus
49b. Stems ± distichously branched; fruit obovoid or globose, shortly pedicellate, pendent.
51a. Branchlets conspicuously verruculose; leaf apically emarginate or partly mucronulate; flowers
solitary ............................................................................................................................................. 57. C. verruculosus
51b. Branchlets strigose, not verruculose; leaf apically acute or obtuse; flowers 1–3.
52a. Flowers solitary; stamens 20; leaf blade broadly ovate or broadly obovate, apex acute, rarely
obtuse ..................................................................................................................................................... 55. C. nitidus
52b. Flowers 2 or 3; stamens 10; leaf blade suborbicular or broadly ovate, apex obtuse or acute ............. 56. C. taylorii
48b. Hypanthium abaxially pubescent; prostrate or erect shrub.
53a. Prostrate low shrub; flowers solitary or in pairs.
54a. Stems horizontally spreading, regularly distichously branched ...................................................... 49. C. horizontalis
54b. Stems tufted on ground, irregularly branched.
55a. Leaf blade thinly papery, margin undulate; fruit subglobose, 7–9 mm in diam., pyrenes
2 or 3 ................................................................................................................................................ 47. C. adpressus
55b. Leaf blade leathery, margin thick, not undulate; fruit ovoid, 5–6 mm in diam., pyrenes 2 ...... 48. C. subadpressus
53b. Erect shrub; flowers 2 or 3(or 4).
56a. Fruit black.
57a. Leaf apically obtuse, rarely acute, blade ovate, rarely elliptic, adaxially glabrous, abaxially
villous or subglabrous; fruit ellipsoid, pyrenes 1 or 2 ........................................................................... 53. C. nitens
57b. Leaf apically acute to acuminate, blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, both surfaces appressed
strigose-villous; fruit ovoid or subglobose, pyrenes 2 or 3 .......................................................... 54. C. harrysmithii
56b. Fruit red.
58a. Branchlets verruculose; leaf blade appressed pilose on both surfaces; fruit with 3
pyrenes .................................................................................................................................... 52. C. chengkangensis
 ROSACEAE

58b. Branchlets not verruculose; leaf blade strigose-villous or subglabrous, fruit with 2 pyrenes.
59a. Leaf blade elliptic or broadly elliptic, rarely obovate, abaxially slightly puberulous,
adaxially subglabrous, apex acute, rarely ± obtuse; fruit ellipsoid, shortly stalked .................. 50. C. divaricatus
59b. Leaf blade broadly ovate to suborbicular, both surfaces strigose-villous, apex obtuse, rarely
acute; fruit ovoid-globose, subsessile ................................................................................................ 51. C. langei

1. Cotoneaster salicifolius Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Hylmö; C. salicifolius var. floccosus Rehder & E. H. Wilson.
Nat., sér. 2, 8: 225. 1885.
Leaf blade elliptic-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, abaxially
柳叶栒子 liu ye xun zi shallowly rugose, veins slightly impressed. Fruit subglobose, 5–
Shrubs evergreen, rarely semievergreen, to 5 m tall, with 7 mm in diam. 2n = 34*.
spreading to erect branches. Branchlets reddish brown to ● Mountain regions, mixed forests along river banks; 1800–3000
grayish brown, initially densely tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole m. Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan.
often red, robust, 4–5 mm, tomentose; stipules caducous,
1b. Cotoneaster salicifolius var. rugosus (E. Pritzel) Rehder &
brown, linear or linear-lanceolate, 4–7 mm, membranous, to-
E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 172. 1912.
mentulose; leaf blade elliptic-oblong to ovate-lanceolate or
linear-lanceolate, 4–8.5 × 1.5–2.5 cm, lateral veins 12–16 pairs, 皱叶柳叶栒子 zou ye liu ye xun zi
prominently raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, abaxially
gray tomentose, with bloom, adaxially glabrous or pilose, ru- Cotoneaster rugosus E. Pritzel, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 385.
gose, base cuneate, margin entire, revolute or not, apex acute or 1900; C. hylmoei Flinck & J. Fryer.
acuminate. Compound corymbs 3.5–6 × 3–4 cm, many flow- Leaf blade elliptic-oblong, adaxially deeply rugose, mar-
ered; rachis and pedicels densely gray tomentose; bracts cad- gin revolute, veins deeply impressed. Fruit subglobose, ca. 6
ucous, linear, 3–5 mm, tomentulose. Pedicel 2–4 mm. Flowers mm in diam. 2n = 68*.
5–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially gray to-
mentose. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acute to shortly ● Slopes; 400–1900 m. W Hubei, E Sichuan.
acuminate. Petals spreading, white, ovate or suborbicular, 2.5–4 1c. Cotoneaster salicifolius var. henryanus (C. K. Schneider)
× 3–4 mm, glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens T. T. Yu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 121. 1974.
20, slightly longer than or nearly as long as petals; anthers pur-
ple. Ovary pilose apically; styles 2 or 3, free, somewhat not ex- 大叶柳叶栒子 da ye liu ye xun zi
ceeding stamens. Fruit scarlet, subglobose, obovoid, or ovoid, Cotoneaster rugosus E. Pritzel var. henryanus C. K.
3–7 mm in diam.; pyrenes 2 or 3. Fl. Jun, fr. Oct. 2n = 34*. Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 758. 1906; C. henryanus
● Mountain regions, mixed forests, slopes, open places; 400–3000 (C. K. Schneider) Rehder & E. H. Wilson.
m. Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan.
Leaf blade elliptic-oblong, adaxially pilose, veins slightly
1a. Leaf blade narrow, linear-lanceolate, adaxially impressed. Fruit ovoid, 5–7 mm in diam. 2n = 34*.
glabrous, deeply rugose, margin revolute,
veins deeply impressed, abaxially floccose- ● Open places; 700–1900 m. W Hubei, Sichuan.
tomentose; fruit obovoid, 3–4 mm in diam., 1d. Cotoneaster salicifolius var. angustus T. T. Yu, Acta Phy-
with 2 pyrenes ......................................... 1d. var. angustus totax. Sin. 8: 219. 1963.
1b. Leaf blade broader, elliptic-oblong or ovate-
窄叶柳叶栒子 zhai ye liu ye xun zi
lanceolate, adaxially pilose or glabrous,
margin not revolute or revolute, veins Cotoneaster angustus (T. T. Yu) G. Klotz.
slightly to deeply impressed, abaxially
Leaf blade linear-lanceolate, abaxially glabrous, deeply
gray tomentose; fruit subglobose or ovoid,
rugose, margin revolute, veins deeply impressed. Fruit obovoid,
5–7 mm in diam., with 2 or 3 pyrenes.
3–4 mm in diam.
2a. Leaf blade adaxially pilose, veins
slightly impressed; fruit ovoid ...... 1c. var. henryanus ● Mixed forests; 1400–1600 m. W Sichuan.
2b. Leaf blade adaxially glabrous, veins 2. Cotoneaster rhytidophyllus Rehder & E. H. Wilson in
deeply impressed; fruit subglobose. Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 175. 1912.
3a. Leaf blade adaxially shallowly
rugose, margin not revolute, 麻叶栒子 ma ye xun zi
veins slightly impressed ....... 1a. var. salicifolius Shrubs evergreen or semievergreen, to 2 m tall. Branchlets
3b. Leaf blade adaxially deeply reddish brown, terete, stout, initially densely yellow tomentose,
rugose, margin revolute, glabrous when old. Petiole robust, 3–5 mm, densely yellow to-
veins deeply impressed ............ 1b. var. rugosus mentose; stipules caducous, reddish, membranous, pilose; leaf
1a. Cotoneaster salicifolius var. salicifolius blade yellowish green adaxially, elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong
to oblong-lanceolate, 4–7 × (1.3–)1.8–3 cm, thickly leathery,
柳叶栒子(原变种) liu ye xun zi (yuan bian zhong) midvein conspicuously raised abaxially and deeply impressed
Cotoneaster floccosus (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) Flinck & adaxially, lateral veins 5–8 pairs, abaxially densely yellow to-
 ROSACEAE

mentose, adaxially deeply rugose, initially sparsely villous, gla- rachis and pedicels densely yellow tomentose; bracts caducous,
brescent, base cuneate, margin revolute, apex acuminate, rarely linear-lanceolate, 2–4 mm, slightly tomentose. Pedicel 1–2 mm.
acute. Compound corymbs 3–4 cm, many flowered; rachis and Flowers 4–5 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, densely
pedicels densely yellow tomentose; bracts linear, pilose. Pedicel tomentose. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2 mm, apex acute. Petals
2–4 mm. Flowers 7–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, spreading, white, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 2.5–3.5 × 2.5–
abaxially densely yellow tomentose. Sepals triangular, apex 3 mm, adaxially tomentulose near base, base shortly clawed,
acute. Petals spreading, white, broadly obovate to suborbicular, apex obtuse. Stamens 20, shorter than petals. Ovary tomentose
adaxially slightly pilose near base, base clawed, apex obtuse. apically; styles 2, free, nearly as long as stamens. Fruit red,
Stamens 20, longer than or ca. as long as petals. Ovary pilose obovoid, 4–6 × 4–5 mm, sparsely tomentulose; pyrenes 2. Fl.
apically; styles 2(or 3), free, nearly as long as stamens. Fruit May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 68*.
orangish red, pyriform, 5–6 × 4–5 mm; pyrenes 2–4. Fl. May–
● Grassy slopes along river sides or thickets; 1800–2700 m. Gui-
Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.
zhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
● Rocky mountains, cliffs, forests, waste places, dry places;
5. Cotoneaster turbinatus Craib, Bot. Mag. 140: t. 8546. 1914.
1200–2600 m. Guizhou, Sichuan.
陀螺果栒子 tuo luo guo xun zi
3. Cotoneaster harrovianus E. H. Wilson, Gard. Chron., ser.
3, 51: 3. 1912. Shrubs evergreen, 3–5 m tall, with spreading branches.
Branchlets grayish brown to blackish brown, initially densely
蒙自栒子 meng zi xun zi gray tomentose, glabrous when old. Petiole 4–7 mm, tomen-
Shrubs evergreen, 1.5–2 m tall, much branched. Branch- tose; stipules caducous or partly persistent, brownish, linear, 3–
lets dark brown, initially yellowish gray appressed tomentose, 5 mm, tomentose; leaf blade obovate-lanceolate to oblong-lan-
glabrous when old. Petiole 4–5 mm, pilose; stipules lanceolate, ceolate, 2.5–5 × 1–2 cm, midvein distinctly raised abaxially and
4–5 mm, membranous, pilose; leaf blade elliptic-oblong or impressed adaxially, lateral veins 8–10 pairs, abaxially densely
ovate, rarely obovate-oblong, 2.5–5 × 1.2–2 cm, subleathery, gray tomentose, adaxially glabrous or with few white soft hairs
midvein prominently raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, along midvein, base cuneate, apex acute and abruptly mucro-
lateral veins 8–10 pairs, abaxially initially densely tomentose, nate. Compound corymbs 2.5–4.5 × 4–5 cm, many flowered;
glabrous when old, with glaucous bloom, adaxially initially rachis and pedicels densely gray tomentose; bracts linear, 2–4
puberulous, later subglabrous, slightly rugose, base cuneate, mm, tomentose. Pedicel 2–5 mm. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam.
apex acute or shortly acuminate. Compound corymbs 2–3.5 × Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially gray tomentose. Sepals tri-
3–5 cm, densely many flowered; rachis and pedicels densely angular, 1.5–2 mm, apex acute. Petals spreading, milky white,
villous; bracts linear-lanceolate or subulate, 3–5 mm, pubes- ovate or suborbicular, 2–3 mm in diam., adaxially puberulous
cent. Pedicel very short or nearly absent. Flowers 5–6 mm in near base, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens 20, slight-
diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially densely tomentose. ly shorter than petals. Ovary pilose apically; styles 2, free, ca. as
Sepals triangular, 1.5–2 mm, apex acute. Petals spreading, long as stamens. Fruit pendent, dark red, turbinate, 4–5 mm,
broadly ovate or suborbicular, 2–3 × 2–2.5 mm, puberulous tomentose; pyrenes 2. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct.
near base, base nearly not clawed, apex obtuse and erose. Sta- ● River banks, river valleys, gullies; 1800–2700 m. Guizhou, Hu-
mens 20, slightly shorter than petals; anthers purple, capitate. bei, Sichuan, Yunnan.
Ovary pilose apically; styles 2, free, nearly as long as stamens.
6. Cotoneaster frigidus Wallich ex Lindley, Bot. Reg. 15: t.
Fruit dark red, ellipsoid, 7–8 mm in diam.; pyrenes usually 2.
1229. 1829.
Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
耐寒栒子 nai han xun zi
● Waste places or slopes; 1500–1600 m. SE Yunnan.
Cotoneaster himalaiensis Hortorum ex Zabel.
4. Cotoneaster coriaceus Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 222. 1890.
Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, to 10 m tall, with spread-
厚叶栒子 hou ye xun zi ing branches. Branchlets purplish brown or grayish brown,
Cotoneaster lacteus W. W. Smith; C. oligocarpus C. K. angulate, initially tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole 4–7 mm, to-
Schneider; C. smithii G. Klotz. mentose; stipules brown, linear-lanceolate, 4–6 mm, tomentu-
lose; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 3.5–8(–12)
Shrubs evergreen, 1–3 m tall. Branchlets dark purplish × 1.5–3(–4.5) cm, veins raised abaxially and slightly impressed
brown to grayish brown, cylindric, initially densely yellow to- adaxially, abaxially initially tomentose, gradually glabrescent,
mentose, glabrous when old. Petiole 4–8 mm, initially densely subglabrous when old, adaxially usually glabrous, base cuneate
yellow tomentose, subglabrous when old; stipules linear-lan- to broadly cuneate, apex acute or obtuse, sometimes mucronate
ceolate, 4–5 mm, sparsely tomentose or glabrescent at fruiting; with spiniform point. Compound corymbs dense, 4–6 × 3–5
leaf blade obovate to elliptic, 2–4.5 × 1.2–2.8 cm, thickly cm, ca. 20–40-flowered; rachis and pedicels densely tomentose;
leathery, midvein prominently raised abaxially and deeply im- bracts linear-lanceolate, 3–5 mm, tomentose. Pedicel 2–4 mm.
pressed adaxially, lateral veins 7–10 pairs, abaxially densely Flowers 6–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate or shortly
yellow tomentose, adaxially lustrous, glabrous, base cuneate, subcylindric, abaxially densely tomentose. Sepals triangular, 1–
margin entire, apex obtuse or acute and mucronate. Compound 1.5 × 1.5–2 mm, apex obtuse. Petals spreading, white, broadly
corymbs 3–5(–6) × 4–7 cm, densely many small flowered; ovate or suborbicular, 3–3.5 mm and nearly as broad, glabrous
 ROSACEAE

or puberulous adaxially near base, base shortly and broadly mature; pyrenes usually 2. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct.
clawed, apex obtuse, rarely somewhat emarginate. Stamens 18–
● Mixed forests, thickets, clearings, mountain regions and valleys;
20, slightly shorter than petals. Ovary densely tomentose 1200–3000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
apically; styles 2, free, not exceeding stamens. Fruit bright red,
ellipsoid, 4–5 mm in diam.; pyrenes 2. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Sep– 1a. Leaf blade 3–6 cm, abaxially white
Oct. 2n = 34. tomentose or with soft yellow hairs.
2a. Inflorescences with soft yellow
River valleys, broad-leaved deciduous forests on slopes; 2800–
3300 m. Xizang [Bhutan, N India, Nepal, Sikkim]. hairs, to 40-flowered ............... 8a. var. glaucophyllus
2b. Inflorescences initially white
7. Cotoneaster affinis Lindley, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13: tomentose, glabrescent, to
101. 1822. more than 50-flowered .................... 8b. var. serotinus
藏边栒子 zang bian xun zi 1b. Leaf blade 1.5–3 cm, abaxially yellow
tomentose or slightly pubescent.
Cotoneaster bacillaris Lindley var. affinis (Lindley) J. D. 3a. Leaf blade abaxially initially densely
Hooker; C. frigidus Lindley var. affinis (Lindley) Wenzig; yellow tomentose, glabrescent;
Mespilus affinis (Lindley) D. Don. inflorescences up to 40-flowered,
Shrubs deciduous, to 5 m tall. Branchlets dark reddish larger, initially densely white
brown, terete. Petiole 4–5 mm, densely yellow tomentose; tomentose ........................................... 8c. var. vestitus
stipules linear or lanceolate, tomentulose; leaf blade ovate or 3b. Leaf blade abaxially slightly
elliptic-ovate, 2.5–5 × 1.4–2 cm, midvein raised abaxially and pubescent or subglabrous;
impressed adaxially, abaxially densely yellow tomentose, grad- inflorescences 6–12-flowered,
ually glabrescent, adaxially glabrous or puberulous only along smaller, with soft hairs ............... 8d. var. meiophyllus
midvein, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse or acute. Com-
8a. Cotoneaster glaucophyllus var. glaucophyllus
pound corymbs 3–4 cm in diam., 15–30-flowered or more;
rachis and pedicels densely yellow tomentose; bracts linear-lan- 粉叶栒子(原变种) fen ye xun zi (yuan bian zhong)
ceolate, tomentose. Pedicel 2–3 mm. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam.
Cotoneaster transens G. Klotz; Photinia rosifoliolata H.
Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially tomentose. Sepals broadly
Léveillé.
triangular, apex acute. Petals spreading, white, suborbicular or
ovate, 3–4 mm, adaxially pubescent near base, base shortly Leaf blade 3–6 cm, abaxially initially slightly pubescent,
clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens 20, shorter than sepals. Ovary later glabrous. Inflorescences to 40-flowered, with soft yellow
densely tomentose apically; styles 2, free, not exceeding sta- hairs.
mens. Fruit purplish brown to black, ovoid, 6–8 mm in diam.; ● Mixed forests on slopes, clearings; 1200–2800 m. Guangxi,
pyrenes 2. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
Slopes, mixed forests, thickets of river valleys; 1100–3900 m. SW 8b. Cotoneaster glaucophyllus var. serotinus (Hutchinson) L.
Sichuan, S Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Nepal, Sikkim].
T. Lu & A. R. Brach, Novon 12: 495. 2002.
8. Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 222. 1890. 多花粉叶栒子 duo hua fen ye xun zi
粉叶栒子 fen ye xun zi Cotoneaster serotinus Hutchinson, Bot. Mag. 146: t. 8854.
Shrubs semievergreen, 2–5 m tall, much branched. 1920; C. glaucophyllus f. serotinus (Hutchinson) Stapf.
Branchlets robust, dark grayish brown, terete, initially densely Leaf blade 4–6 cm, abaxially initially pubescent, gradually
yellow pubescent, glabrous when old. Petiole thick, 4–6 mm, glabrescent. Inflorescences to more than 50-flowered, initially
initially yellow pubescent, later glabrous; stipules mostly cadu- white tomentose, glabrescent.
cous, lanceolate, 4–5 mm, puberulous; leaf blade elliptic or nar- ● Mountain regions; 1900–3000 m. W Yunnan.
rowly elliptic to ovate, (1.5–)3–6 × 1.5–2.5 cm, lateral veins 5–
8 pairs, abaxially initially slightly pubescent or tomentose, gla- 8c. Cotoneaster glaucophyllus var. vestitus W. W. Smith,
brescent, with bloom, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10: 21. 1917.
to rounded, apex acute or obtuse. Compound corymbs to 3–5 毛萼粉叶栒子 mao e fen ye xun zi
cm, densely 6–12- or 40–50-flowered or more; rachis and pedi-
cels pubescent or tomentose; bracts caducous, subulate, 2–3 Cotoneaster vestitus (W. W. Smith) Flinck & Hylmö.
mm, slightly pubescent. Pedicel 2–4 mm. Flowers 7–8 mm in Leaf blade 2–2.5 × 1–2 cm, abaxially initially densely yel-
diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially pilose. Sepals triang- low tomentose, glabrescent. Inflorescences relatively large, to
ular, 1–2 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acute. Petals spreading, white, 40-flowered, initially densely white tomentose, glabrescent.
suborbicular or broadly obovate, 3–4 mm, adaxially puberulous
near base, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse, rarely emarginate. ● Mixed forests, thickets, mountain regions; 2000–3000 m. W
Yunnan.
Stamens 20, ca. as long as petals. Ovary puberulous apically;
styles 2, free, nearly equaling or lower than stamens. Fruit red- 8d. Cotoneaster glaucophyllus var. meiophyllus W. W. Smith,
dish yellow, ovoid to obovoid, 6–7 mm in diam., glabrous when Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10: 21. 1917.
 ROSACEAE

小叶粉叶栒子 xiao ye fen ye xun zi 1100–3200 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.

Cotoneaster arbusculus G. Klotz; C. meiophyllus (W. W. 1a. Leaf blade elliptic or ovate, 2–3 cm ..... 10a. var. pannosus
Smith) G. Klotz. 1b. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic, to 3–4
cm ......................................................... 10b. var. robustior
Leaf blade 1.5–3 × 1–2 cm, abaxially slightly pubescent
or subglabrous. Inflorescences relatively small, 6–12-flower- 10a. Cotoneaster pannosus var. pannosus
ed, with soft hairs. 毡毛栒子(原变种) zhan mao xun zi (yuan bian zhong)
● Mountain valleys; 1900–2400 m. W Yunnan.
Cotoneaster vernae C. K. Schneider.
9. Cotoneaster glabratus Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent,
Leaf blade elliptic or ovate, 2–3 cm, relatively broad. 2n =
Pl. Wilson. 1: 171. 1912.
68*.
光叶栒子 guang ye xun zi ● Thickets, rocky places, waste places in mountain regions; 1100–
3200 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
Shrubs semievergreen, 3–5 m tall. Branchlets robust, pur-
plish red to purplish black, terete, slightly angulate, initially 10b. Cotoneaster pannosus var. robustior W. W. Smith, Notes
sparsely appressed pubescent, gradually glabrescent. Petiole 5– Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10: 24. 1917.
7 mm, initially puberulous, later glabrous; stipules caducous,
大叶毡毛栒子 da ye zhan mao xun zi
brown, lanceolate, 4–5 mm, membranous; leaf blade oblong-
lanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate, 4–9 × 1.5–3.3 cm, leathery, Cotoneaster robustior (W. W. Smith) Flinck & Hylmö.
midvein slightly raised abaxially, lateral veins 7–10 pairs, abax-
Leaf blade narrowly elliptic, to 3–4 cm, relatively narrow.
ially with bloom, initially puberulous, glabrate, adaxially lucid,
glabrous, base cuneate, apex acuminate or acute. Compound ● Thickets, slopes; 1800–2200 m. NW Yunnan.
corymbs 3–6 × 3–5.5 cm, densely many flowered; rachis and
11. Cotoneaster soongoricus (Regel & Herder) Popov, Bull.
pedicels sparsely pilose; peduncles 1.5–2.5 cm; bracts cadu-
Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, n.s., 44: 128. 1935.
cous, lanceolate, 3–5 mm, membranous, puberulous. Pedicel
2–3 mm. Flowers 7–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, 准噶尔栒子 zhun ga er xun zi
abaxially sparsely pilose. Sepals ovate-triangular, 1–2 mm,
Shrubs deciduous, 1–2.5 m tall, with spreading or as-
apex acute. Petals spreading, white, ovate or suborbicular, 2.5–
cending branches. Branchlets grayish brown or reddish brown,
3 × 2–3 mm, glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Sta-
terete, slender, initially densely gray tomentose, glabrous when
mens 20, unequal in length; anthers purple. Ovary puberulous
old. Petiole (1.5–)2–5 mm, tomentose; leaf blade oblong to
apically; styles 2, free, somewhat not exceeding stamens. Fruit
elliptic, suborbicular, or ovate, rarely obovate, (1–)1.5–5 × 1–2
red, globose, 4–5 mm in diam.; pyrenes usually 2. Fl. Jun–Jul,
cm, herbaceous, veins raised abaxially and slightly impressed
fr. Sep–Oct.
adaxially, abaxially white tomentose, adaxially glabrous or
● Rocky slopes, dense forests; 1600–2800 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Si- slightly pilose, base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex usually
chuan, Yunnan. obtuse and mucronate, sometimes emarginate. Corymbs 1.5–2
cm, 3–12-flowered; rachis and pedicels white tomentose. Pedi-
10. Cotoneaster pannosus Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 223. 1890.
cel 2–3 mm. Flowers 8–9 mm in diam. Hypanthium campan-
毡毛栒子 zhan mao xun zi ulate, abaxially tomentose. Sepals broadly triangular, 1–2 mm,
subglabrous or glabrous, apex acute. Petals spreading, white,
Shrubs semievergreen, to 2 m tall. Branchlets dark grayish
ovate to suborbicular, 2.5–3.5 × 2–3 mm, adaxially white pu-
brown or purplish brown, thin, initially densely white tomen-
berulous near base, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse, rarely
tose, glabrescent. Petiole 2–7 mm, tomentose; stipules cadu- emarginate. Stamens 18–20, slightly shorter than petals; anthers
cous, linear, pubescent; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, elliptic, or yellow. Ovary densely white pubescent apically; styles 2, free,
ovate, 2–3(–4) × 0.8–1.5 cm, leathery, midvein impressed not exceeding stamens. Fruit red, ovoid to ellipsoid, (5–)7–10
adaxially, lateral veins 4–6 pairs, abaxially densely white to- mm; pyrenes 1 or 2. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.
mentose, adaxially slightly pubescent or glabrous, base broadly
cuneate, apex obtuse or acute. Corymbs 1–3 × 1.5–2.5 cm, to ● Dry slopes, forests, forest margins, river and mountain valleys;
1400–2600 m. Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi,
10(–20)-flowered; rachis and pedicels densely tomentose;
Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan.
bracts caducous, linear, pubescent. Pedicel 2–3 mm. Flowers 7–
8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially densely to- 1a. Leaf blade broadly elliptic, suborbicular,
mentose. Sepals triangular, apex shortly acuminate or acute. or ovate, 1.5–5 cm; fruit 7–10 mm
Petals spreading, white, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 3–3.5 ........................................................... 11a. var. soongoricus
mm, base shortly clawed and puberulous adaxially, apex ob- 1b. Leaf blade oblong to narrowly elliptic,
tuse. Stamens 20, nearly as long as petals; anthers purplish red. rarely obovate, 1–1.5 cm; fruit 5–6
Ovary pubescent apically; styles 2(or 3), free, ca. as long as mm ................................................... 11b. var. microcarpus
stamens. Fruit dark red, globose or ovoid, 7–8 mm in diam.;
11a. Cotoneaster soongoricus var. soongoricus
pyrenes often 2. Fl. Jun, fr. Oct–Nov. 2n = 34*, 68*.
● Thickets, rocky places, waste places in mountain regions, slopes; 准噶尔栒子(原变种) zhun ga er xun zi (yuan bian zhong)
 ROSACEAE

Cotoneaster nummularia Fischer & C. A. Meyer var. 68*.

soongoricus Regel & Herder, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes
● Mixed forests; 500–2600 m. Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hubei,
Moscou 39(2): 59. 1866; C. fontanesii Spach var. soongoricus
Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan.
Regel; C. nummularia var. ovalifolius Boissier; C. racemiflorus
(Desfontaines) K. Koch var. ovalifolius (Boissier) Hurusawa; C. 13. Cotoneaster mongolicus Pojarkova, Bot. Mater. Gerb.
racemiflorus var. soongoricus (Regel & Herder) C. K. Schnei- Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 17: 196. 1955.
der; C. suavis Pojarkova; C. tibeticus G. Klotz; C. tomentellus
蒙古栒子 meng gu xun zi
Pojarkova; C. zayulensis G. Klotz.
Cotoneaster tumeticus Pojarkova.
Leaf blade broadly elliptic, suborbicular, or ovate, 1.5–5
cm. Fruit 7–10 mm. Shrubs deciduous, to 1.8 m tall. Branchlets spreading, dark
● Dry slopes, forests, forest margins, river valleys; 1400–2400 m. reddish brown, terete, robust, initially white pubescent, gla-
Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yun- brous when old. Petiole 2–3 mm, gray pubescent; stipules per-
nan. sistent, subulate, reddish brown, margin pubescent; leaf blade
oblong-elliptic, (1.3–)2–3 × (0.5–)1–1.8 cm, veins raised abaxi-
Further study is necessary to determine the identity of Cotoneaster
albokermesinus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö, which might be synonymous with
ally, abaxially sparsely gray tomentose, adaxially lucid, gla-
this taxon. brous or slightly pubescent, base cuneate, apex usually obtuse.
Corymbs 3–6(or 7)-flowered; rachis and pedicels white pubes-
11b. Cotoneaster soongoricus var. microcarpus (Rehder & cent; bracts subulate. Pedicel 2–3(–4) mm. Flowers 9–10 mm in
E. H. Wilson) G. Klotz, Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle- diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals
Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 6: 973. 1957. dark red, triangular, glabrous or sparsely pubescent only apical-
小果准噶尔栒子 xiao guo zhun ga er xun zi ly, apex subacute. Petals spreading, white, suborbicular, 3.5–4
mm, glabrous, margin irregularly emarginate, base not or short-
Cotoneaster racemiflorus (Desfontaines) K. Koch var. ly clawed. Stamens 20. Ovary densely pubescent apically; styles
microcarpus Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 2, free, not exceeding stamens. Fruit dark red or purplish red,
169. 1912; C. microcarpus (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) Flinck & obovoid, 8–9 mm, with slightly glaucous bloom, glabrous;
Hylmö; C. potaninii Pojarkova. pyrenes 2(or 3). Fr. Sep.
Leaf blade oblong to narrowly elliptic, rarely obovate, 1– Dry stony places, thickets. Nei Mongol [E Mongolia].
1.5 cm. Fruit 5–6 mm.
14. Cotoneaster hebephyllus Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard.
● Mountain valleys; 2300–2600 m. Gansu, Hebei, Sichuan.
Edinburgh 5: 273. 1912.
12. Cotoneaster silvestrii Pampanini, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital.,
钝叶栒子 dun ye xun zi
n.s., 17: 288. 1910.
华中栒子 hua zhong xun zi Shrubs, sometimes treelike, deciduous, 1.5–3 m tall.
Branchlets dark reddish brown, slender, initially pilose, soon
Cotoneaster hupehensis Rehder & E. H. Wilson; C. kang- glabrescent. Petiole 5–7 mm, sparsely tomentose-villous; stip-
tinensis G. Klotz; C. racemiflorus (Desfontaines) K. Koch var. ules caducous at fruiting, linear-lanceolate, 3–4 mm, sparsely
veitchii Rehder & E. H. Wilson; C. veitchii (Rehder & E. H. villous; leaf blade elliptic to broadly ovate, (1.5–)2–3 × (1–)
Wilson) G. Klotz. 1.2–2 cm, subleathery, abaxially sparsely tomentose-villous
Shrubs deciduous, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown to or tomentose, with glaucous bloom, adaxially glabrous, base
grayish brown, slender, initially reddish brown pubescent, soon broadly cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse or emarginate, mucro-
glabrescent. Petiole 3–5 mm, thin, tomentose; stipules cadu- nate. Corymbs (1–)1.5–3 cm, 5–15-flowered; rachis and pedi-
cous, linear, 3–5 mm, puberulous; leaf blade elliptic to ovate, cels sparsely villous; bracts linear-lanceolate, 2–3 mm, slightly
1.5–3.5 × 1–1.8 cm, herbaceous, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, villous. Pedicel 2–3 mm. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially
raised abaxially and slightly impressed adaxially, abaxially glabrous or slightly pilose near base. Sepals broadly triangular,
thinly gray tomentose, adaxially glabrous or slightly appressed abaxially glabrous or puberulous only apically, apex acute. Pet-
pubescent, base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex acute or als spreading, white, suborbicular, 5–6 mm in diam., adaxially
obtuse, sometimes mucronate, rarely emarginate. Corymbs 3–7- puberulous near base, base very shortly clawed, apex obtuse.
flowered; rachis and pedicels thinly pubescent; peduncles 1–2 Stamens 20, slightly shorter than petals; anthers purple. Ovary
cm. Pedicel 1–3 mm. Flowers 9–10 mm in diam. Hypanthium densely pilose apically; styles 2, free, somewhat not exceeding
campanulate, abaxially thinly villous. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2.5 stamens. Fruit dark red, ovoid or pyriform, rarely oblong, (5–)
mm, apex acute. Petals spreading, white, suborbicular, 4–5 mm 6–8 mm in diam.; pyrenes 2, sometimes united into 1. Fl. May–
in diam., adaxially white pubescent near base, base shortly Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
clawed, apex emarginate. Stamens 20, somewhat shorter than ● Mountain regions, clearings at forest margins, thickets, river
petals; anthers yellow. Ovary white pubescent apically; styles 2, valleys; 1300–3400 m. Gansu, Hebei, Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan.
free, not exceeding stamens. Fruit red, subglobose, 7–8 mm in
1a. Fruit 7–8 mm in diam.; leaf blade abaxially
diam.; pyrenes 2, united into 1. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n =
sparsely tomentose-villous.
 ROSACEAE

2a. Fruit usually ovoid, sometimes 毛叶水栒子 mao ye shui xun zi

oblong, with 2 pyrenes usually
united into 1 .............................. 14a. var. hebephyllus Cotoneaster borealichinensis (Hurusawa) Hurusawa; C.
2b. Fruit broadly pyriform, with 2 multiflorus Bunge var. borealichinensis Hurusawa.
pyrenes not united ...................... 14b. var. majusculus Shrubs deciduous, erect, 2–4 m tall. Branchlets brownish
1b. Fruit 5–7 mm in diam.; leaf blade or grayish brown, terete, slender, initially densely pubescent,
abaxially tomentose. gradually glabrescent. Petiole 4–7 mm, puberulous; stipules
3a. Fruit pyriform; leaf blade lanceolate, pubescent, usually glabrescent; leaf blade ovate or
abaxially densely gray or rhombic-ovate to elliptic, 2–4 × 1.2–2 cm, abaxially pubescent,
yellowish gray tomentose ................ 14c. var. incanus without glaucous bloom, adaxially glabrous or initially puber-
3b. Fruit usually ovoid; leaf blade ulous, base broadly cuneate, apex acute or obtuse. Corymbs
abaxially densely yellow 1.5–2.5 cm, many flowered; rachis and pedicels villous; bracts
tomentose ........................................ 14d. var. fulvidus linear, villous. Pedicel 4–6 mm. Flowers 8–10 mm in diam.
Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially pilose. Sepals triangular,
14a. Cotoneaster hebephyllus var. hebephyllus
shorter than petals, apex acute. Petals spreading, white, ovate or
钝叶栒子(原变种) dun ye xun zi (yuan bian zhong) suborbicular, 3–5 × 2.5–4 mm, base shortly clawed, apex ob-
tuse or somewhat emarginate. Stamens 15–20, shorter than pet-
Cotoneaster giraldii Flinck & Hylmö ex G. Klotz; C. als. Ovary pubescent apically; styles 2, free, not exceeding sta-
hebephyllus var. monopyrenus W. W. Smith; C. monopyrenus mens. Fruit bright red, subglobose, 6–7 mm in diam.; pyrenes
(W. W. Smith) Flinck & Hylmö. usually 2, united into 1. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
Leaf blade abaxially sparsely tomentose-villous. Fruit Rock crevices, thickets; 900–2000 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Nei
ovoid, sometimes oblong, 7–8 mm in diam.; pyrenes 2 usually Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang
united into 1. [C Asia].

● Rocky mountain regions, clearings at forest margins, thickets; 16. Cotoneaster multiflorus Bunge in Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 2:
1300–3400 m. Gansu, Hebei, Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan. 220. 1830.

14b. Cotoneaster hebephyllus var. majusculus W. W. Smith, 水栒子 shui xun zi

Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10: 22. 1917.
Shrubs deciduous, erect, (0.5–)4 m tall. Branchlets arch-
大果钝叶栒子 da guo dun ye xun zi ing, reddish brown or brownish, terete, slender, initially pubes-
cent, soon glabrescent. Petiole 3–8(–10) mm, initially pilose,
?Cotoneaster handel-mazzettii G. Klotz; C. majusculus glabrate; stipules linear, 2.5–5 mm, initially sparsely pilose,
(W. W. Smith) G. Klotz. glabrate; leaf blade ovate to broadly ovate, (1.5–)2–4(–5) ×
Leaf blade abaxially sparsely tomentose-villous. Fruit (1.2–)1.5–3(–4) cm, midvein raised abaxially and impressed
broadly pyriform, 7–8 mm in diam.; pyrenes 2. adaxially, abaxially pilose, glabrescent, adaxially glabrous, base
broadly cuneate or rounded, apex acute or obtuse. Corymbs lax,
● Thickets on slopes; 3000–3400 m. NW Yunnan. 5–21-flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous, rarely slightly
14c. Cotoneaster hebephyllus var. incanus W. W. Smith, puberulous; bracts linear, 2–4 mm, glabrous or slightly puberu-
Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10: 22. 1917. lous. Pedicel 4–6 mm. Flowers 1–1.2 cm in diam. Hypanthium
campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2 × 2–
灰毛钝叶栒子 hui mao dun ye xun zi 2.5 mm, apex acute. Petals spreading, white, suborbicular, 4–5
Cotoneaster incanus (W. W. Smith) G. Klotz. mm in diam., adaxially white puberulous near base, base short-
ly clawed, apex obtuse or emarginate. Stamens ca. 20, slightly
Leaf blade abaxially densely gray or yellowish gray to- shorter than petals. Ovary pilose apically; styles usually 2, free,
mentose. Fruit pyriform, 5–7 mm in diam.; pyrenes 2. not exceeding stamens. Fruit red or purplish red, subglobose or
● Mountain regions; 2000–3300 m. NW Yunnan. obovoid, (5–)7–8(–12) mm in diam.; pyrenes 2, united into 1.
Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 68.
14d. Cotoneaster hebephyllus var. fulvidus W. W. Smith,
Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10: 22. 1917. River valleys, dense and mixed forests on slopes, forest margins,
thickets, stream sides; 1200–3500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, He-
黄毛钝叶栒子 huang mao dun ye xun zi nan, Hubei, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan,
Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Russia; C and SW Asia].
Cotoneaster fulvidus (W. W. Smith) G. Klotz.
1a. Fruit purplish red, 5–6 mm in
Leaf blade abaxially densely yellow tomentose. Fruit usu- diam. ............................................. 16c. var. atropurpureus
ally ovoid, 5–7 mm in diam.; pyrenes 2. 1b. Fruit red, 7–12 mm in diam.
● Open thickets, river valleys; 2000–2300 m. W Yunnan. 2a. Fruit 7–8 mm in diam. ............... 16a. var. multiflorus
2b. Fruit 10–12 mm in diam. .......... 16b. var. calocarpus
15. Cotoneaster submultiflorus Popov, Bull. Soc. Imp. Natu-
ralistes Moscou, n.s., 44: 126. 1935. 16a. Cotoneaster multiflorus var. multiflorus
 ROSACEAE

水栒子(原变种) shui xun zi (yuan bian zhong) 恩施栒子 en shi xun zi

Cotoneaster magnificus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö; C. reflexus Shrubs deciduous. Branchlets reddish brown to grayish
Carrière. brown, terete, thin, initially densely yellow strigose, gradually
glabrescent, subglabrous when old. Petiole short and robust, 2–
Fruit red, 7–8 mm in diam. 2n = 68.
3 mm, yellow pubescent; stipules partly persistent, linear-
River valleys, mixed forests on slopes; 1200–3500 m. Gansu, lanceolate; leaf blade broadly ovate to suborbicular, 1–2 × 1–
Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, 1.5 cm, midvein somewhat raised abaxially and slightly im-
Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Russia; C and pressed adaxially, lateral veins 3–5 pairs, abaxially densely yel-
SW Asia]. low tomentose, adaxially glabrous, base rounded, apex often
16b. Cotoneaster multiflorus var. calocarpus Rehder & E. H. obtuse, rarely acute. Corymbs 1.5–2.5 × 2–2.5 cm, 10–15-flow-
Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 170. 1912. ered; rachis and pedicels pubescent; bracts linear or linear-lan-
eolate. Pedicel 1–2 mm. Flowers 4–5 mm in diam. Hypanthium
大果水栒子 da guo shui xun zi campanulate, abaxially puberulous or subglabrous. Sepals tri-
Cotoneaster calocarpus (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) Flinck angular, apex obtuse, sometimes acute. Petals erect, pink, sub-
& Hylmö; C. przewalskii Pojarkova. orbicular or broadly obovate, 1–2 mm in diam., base shortly
clawed, apex emarginate or obtuse. Stamens 20, slightly shorter
Fruit red, 1–1.2 cm in diam. 2n = 68*. than petals. Ovary pubescent apically; styles 3, free, nearly
● Dense forests on slopes; 1600–2600 m. Gansu, Shaanxi, Si-
equaling or somewhat lower than stamens. Fruit oblong; pyre-
chuan. nes 3. Fl. May–Jun.

16c. Cotoneaster multiflorus var. atropurpureus T. T. Yu, ● River banks; 1300–1400 m. SW Hubei.
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 219. 1963. 19. Cotoneaster tenuipes Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent,
紫果水栒子 zi guo shui xun zi Pl. Wilson. 1: 171. 1912.

Fruit purplish black, 5–6 mm in diam. 细枝栒子 xi zhi xun zi

● Forest margins, thickets, stream sides; 2500–3100 m. W Si- Shrubs deciduous, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets brownish red,
chuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan. terete, slender, initially grayish yellow appressed villous, soon
glabrescent, glabrous when old. Petiole 3–5 mm, villous; stip-
17. Cotoneaster zabelii C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laub- ules caducous or partly persistent, lanceolate, 2.5–5 mm, slight-
holzk. 1: 749. 1906. ly villous; leaf blade ovate or elliptic-ovate to narrowly elliptic-
西北栒子 xi bei xun zi ovate, 2–2.5(–3.5) × 1.2–2 cm, veins somewhat raised abaxially
and slightly impressed adaxially, abaxially gray appressed to-
Cotoneaster zabelii var. miniatus Rehder & E. H. Wilson. mentose, adaxially initially sparsely pilose, subglabrous when
Shrubs deciduous, to 2 m tall. Branchlets dark reddish old, base broadly cuneate, apex acute or ± obtuse. Corymbs
brown, terete, initially densely yellow pubescent, glabrous 1.5–2.5 cm, 2–4-flowered; rachis and pedicels densely appress-
when old. Petiole 2–4 mm, tomentose; stipules lanceolate, 2–4 ed villous; bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, 2–4 mm, puberu-
mm, pubescent, usually glabrescent at fruiting; leaf blade ellip- lous. Pedicel 1–3 mm, slender. Flowers ca. 7 mm in diam.
tic to ovate, 1.5–3 × 1–2 cm, abaxially densely yellow or gray Hypanthium densely appressed villous abaxially. Sepals ovate-
triangular, ca. 1.2 mm, apex acute. Petals erect, white, ovate or
tomentose, adaxially sparsely pubescent, base rounded or
suborbicular, 3–4 mm and nearly as broad, base clawed, apex
broadly cuneate, apex obtuse, rarely emarginate. Corymbs pen-
obtuse. Stamens 15, shorter than petals. Ovary puberulous
dent, 1.5–3 cm, 3–10-flowered or more; rachis and pedicels
apically; styles 2, free, not exceeding stamens. Fruit purplish
tomentose. Pedicel 2–4 mm. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxi-
black, ovoid, 8–9 × 5–6 mm; pyrenes 1 or 2. Fl. May–Jun, fr.
ally tomentose. Sepals triangular, 1–2 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex
Sep–Oct. 2n = 68*.
slightly obtuse or shortly pointed. Petals erect, pinkish, obovate
or suborbicular, 2–3 mm in diam., apex obtuse. Stamens 18–20, ● Forests, rocky mountain areas; 1900–3100 m. Gansu, Qinghai,
shorter than petals. Ovary pilose apically; styles 2, free, not Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
exceeding stamens. Fruit bright red, obovoid to ovoid-globose, 20. Cotoneaster wardii W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard.
7–8 mm in diam.; pyrenes often 2. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. Edinburgh 10: 25. 1917.
● Calcareous mountain regions, shaded slopes, river valleys, 白毛栒子 bai mao xun zi
thickets; 800–2500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi,
Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi. Shrubs evergreen, to 3 m tall. Branchlets terete, initially
white tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole robust, 2–4 mm, densely
Further study is necessary to determine the identity of Cotoneaster
shansiensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö, which might be synonymous with this
tomentose; stipules linear, 4–6 mm, sparsely pubescent; leaf
taxon. blade dark green adaxially, ovate or elliptic, 2.5–4 × 1.5–2 cm,
midvein distinctly raised abaxially and impressed adaxially,
18. Cotoneaster fangianus T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: lateral veins 5 or 6 pairs, abaxially densely silvery tomentose,
219. 1963. adaxially initially sparsely pilose, glabrous when old, base
 ROSACEAE

rounded or broadly cuneate, apex acute. Corymbs 9–15-flow- Cotoneaster dokeriensis G. Klotz; C. elegans (Rehder &
ered; rachis and pedicels densely white tomentose; bracts red- E. H. Wilson) Flinck & Hylmö; C. splendens Flinck & Hylmö.
dish brown, linear, 4–5 mm, sparsely pubescent. Pedicel 1–3
Leaf blade 0.6–1.5 cm, adaxially shiny, subglabrous. Fruit
mm. Flowers 6–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abax-
coral-red. 2n = 68*.
ially densely white tomentose. Sepals triangular, apex acute.
Petals erect, white, tinged reddish, suborbicular or broadly obo- ● Dense forests; 2000–3000 m. Guizhou, Sichuan.
vate, 3–4 × 2.5–3.5 mm, base shortly clawed, margin slightly 22. Cotoneaster glomerulatus W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot.
incised, apex obtuse. Stamens 20, somewhat shorter than petals.
Gard. Edinburgh 10: 21. 1917.
Ovary white pubescent apically; styles 2(–4), free, not exceed-
ing stamens. Fruit orangish red, obovoid, 8–9 mm in diam.; 球花栒子 qiu hua xun zi
pyrenes usually 2. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. Shrubs deciduous, to 3 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown or
● Forest margins; 3000–4000 m. SE Xizang. blackish brown, terete, initially densely yellow tomentose-vil-
lous, gradually glabrescent. Petiole 2–3 mm, yellow tomentose;
21. Cotoneaster dielsianus E. Pritzel, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 385.
stipules brown, lanceolate, nearly as long as petioles, sparsely
1900.
villous; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 4–5 × 2–
木帚栒子 mu zhou xun zi 2.5 cm, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, slightly impressed adaxially,
Shrubs deciduous, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets grayish black or abaxially sparsely yellow tomentose, adaxially glabrous or
puberulous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex acute, rarely
brownish black, terete, thin, initially densely villous, glabre-
scent. Petiole 1–3 mm, tomentose; stipules partly persistent at acuminate or ± obtuse. Corymbs 1.5–2.5 cm, 3–11-flowered;
fruiting, linear-lanceolate, nearly as long as or slightly longer rachis and pedicels densely yellow tomentose-villous; bracts
linear or linear-lanceolate, 1–3 mm, slightly yellow villous.
than petioles, initially tomentose, glabrous when mature; leaf
blade elliptic to ovate, (0.6–)1–2.5 × 0.8–1.5 cm, abaxially Pedicel very short, 1–2 mm. Flowers 6–7 mm in diam. Hy-
densely yellowish gray or gray tomentose, adaxially puberulous panthium campanulate, abaxially yellow villous. Sepals tri-
angular, 1–1.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acute. Petals erect, white,
or subglabrous and shiny, base broadly cuneate or rounded,
apex acute, rarely obtuse or emarginate. Corymbs 1.5–3 cm, 3– stained reddish, suborbicular, 3–3.5 mm and ca. as broad, base
7-flowered; rachis and pedicels villous; bracts linear-lanceolate, clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 20. Ovary yellowish pilose
apically; styles 5, free, not exceeding stamens. Fruit bright red,
2–3 mm, pubescent. Pedicel 1–3 mm. Flowers 6–7 mm in diam.
Hypanthium villous abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1–2 × 1.5–2.5 subglobose, ca. 5 mm in diam.; pyrenes 5. Fl. May–Jun, fr.
mm, apex acute, rarely obtuse or emarginate. Petals erect, pink- Sep–Oct. 2n = 68*.
ish, suborbicular or broadly obovate, 3–4 mm in diam., base ● Slopes, river valleys, sparse forests, open scrub; 2000–2600 m.
shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens 15–20, shorter than pet- W Yunnan.
als. Ovary pilose apically; styles 3(–5), free, very short. Fruit Further study is necessary to determine the identity of Cotoneaster
dark red or coral-red, subglobose or obovoid, 5–8 mm in diam.; tengyuehensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö, which might be synonymous with
pyrenes 3–5. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct. this taxon.
● Waste slopes, river valleys, grassy places, thickets, dense for- 23. Cotoneaster obscurus Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent,
ests; 1000–3600 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan. Pl. Wilson. 1: 161. 1912.
1a. Leaf blade 1–2.5 cm, adaxially
暗红栒子 an hong xun zi
puberulous; fruit red ............................. 21a. var. dielsianus
Shrubs deciduous, (0.5–)1.5–3 m tall, much branched.
1b. Leaf blade 0.6–1.5 cm, adaxially
Branchlets brown or purplish brown to blackish brown, terete,
shiny, subglabrous; fruit coral-red ........... 21b. var. elegans
initially yellowish strigose, gradually glabrescent. Petiole 2–4
21a. Cotoneaster dielsianus var. dielsianus mm, sparsely pilose; stipules lanceolate, 2–4 mm, membranous,
木帚栒子(原变种) mu zhou xun zi (yuan bian zhong) pilose; leaf blade elliptic-ovate or rhombic-ovate, 2.5–4.5 ×
1.5–2.5 cm, lateral veins 5–7 pairs, raised abaxially and slightly
Cotoneaster applanatus Duthie ex Veitch; C. sikangensis impressed adaxially, abaxially yellowish gray tomentose,
Flinck & Hylmö; C. vilmorinianus G. Klotz. adaxially sparsely pubescent, base broadly cuneate, apex acu-
Leaf blade 1–2.5 cm, adaxially puberulous. Fruit red. minate, rarely acute. Corymbs 1.5–2.5 cm, 3–7-flowered; rachis
and pedicels pubescent; bracts linear-lanceolate, 2–3 mm, mem-
● Waste slopes, river valleys, grassy places, thickets; 1000–3600
m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan. branous, slightly pubescent. Flowers 7–8 mm in diam. Hypan-
thium campanulate, abaxially pubescent. Sepals triangular, 1.5–
Further study is necessary to determine the identities of Coto- 2 mm and ca. as broad, apex shortly acuminate. Petals erect,
neaster bradyi J. Fryer & E. C. Nelson and C. tardiflorus J. Fryer & B.
reddish, elliptic to ovate, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, base shortly clawed,
Hylmö, which might be synonymous with this taxon.
apex obtuse. Stamens 16–20, shorter than petals. Ovary white
21b. Cotoneaster dielsianus var. elegans Rehder & E. H. Wil- pubescent apically; styles 2 or 3, free, somewhat not exceeding
son in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 166. 1912. stamens. Fruit dark red, ovoid, 7–8 × 5–6 mm; pyrenes usually
小叶木帚栒子 xiao ye mu zhou xun zi 2–4. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 68*.
 ROSACEAE

● Mountain valleys, thickets along river banks; 1500–3000 m. initially densely greenish gray appressed tomentose, glabre-
Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan. scent, subglabrous when old. Petiole 2–4 mm, tomentose; leaf
24. Cotoneaster franchetii Bois, Rev. Hort. 1902: 379. 1902. blade bright green adaxially, elliptic or ovate-orbicular, (0.8–)
1–2.5(–2.7) × (0.4–)0.7–2 cm, abaxially greenish gray tomen-
西南栒子 xi nan xun zi tose, adaxially sparsely appressed pubescent or glabrous, base
Cotoneaster amoenus E. H. Wilson; C. franchetii var. broadly cuneate to rounded, apex usually obtuse, rarely ± acute,
cinerascens Rehder; C. insculptus Diels; C. mairei H. Léveillé; sometimes emarginate, often mucronate. Fascicles or racemes
C. mairei var. albiflorus H. Léveillé. ca. 1/2 as long as leaves, on very short lateral branchlets in leaf
axils, 2–4-flowered; rachis 2–4 mm, tomentose. Pedicel 2–5
Shrubs semievergreen, 1–3 m tall, with spreading, arch-
mm, tomentose. Flowers 7–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium cam-
ing-inflexed branches. Branchlets dark grayish brown or gray-
panulate, abaxially sparsely appressed pubescent or subgla-
ish black, initially densely strigose, gradually glabrescent. Peti-
brous. Sepals broadly ovate, margin purple and tomentose-cili-
ole 2–4 mm, tomentose; stipules linear-lanceolate, 2–4 mm,
ate, apex obtuse or ± acute. Petals erect or somewhat divaricate,
initially tomentose, glabrate; leaf blade elliptic to ovate, 2–3 ×
pink, base floccose. Stamens 20. Styles 2(or 3), free. Fruit red,
1–1.5 cm, thick, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, raised abaxially and
subglobose to ellipsoid, 5–8 mm in diam.; pyrenes often 2(or
deeply impressed adaxially, abaxially densely yellow or white
3). Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 68.
tomentose, adaxially initially appressed pubescent, glabrescent,
base cuneate, apex acute or acuminate. Corymbs 1.5–2.5 cm, 5– Mountain regions. Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz-
stan].
11-flowered; rachis and pedicels densely tomentose; bracts line-
ar, 2–3.5 mm, tomentose. Pedicel 2–4 mm. Flowers 6–7 mm in 27. Cotoneaster integerrimus Medikus, Gesch. Bot. 85. 1793.
diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially densely pubescent.
全缘栒子 quan yuan xun zi
Sepals triangular, 1–2 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acute or shortly
acuminate. Petals erect, pink, broadly obovate or elliptic, 3–4 × Cotoneaster vulgaris Lindley; Mespilus cotoneaster
2–3 mm, adaxially puberulous near base, base shortly clawed, Linnaeus; Ostinia cotoneaster (Linnaeus) Clairville.
apex obtuse. Stamens 20, shorter than petals. Ovary pubescent
apically; styles 2 or 3(–5), free, not exceeding stamens. Fruit Shrubs deciduous, erect, to 2 m tall, much branched, with
orangish red or red, ovoid-globose, 6–7 mm in diam., initially broad spreading crown. Branchlets brown or grayish brown,
pubescent, finally glabrous; pyrenes usually 3, rarely to 5. Fl. terete, initially densely gray tomentose, soon glabrescent. Peti-
Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 68*. ole 2–5 mm, tomentose; stipules mostly persistent at fruiting,
lanceolate, puberulous; leaf blade broadly elliptic, broadly
Thickets in rocky sunny mountain regions, open hillsides; 1600– ovate, or suborbicular, 2–5 × (0.5–)1.3–2.5(–3) cm, veins raised
2900 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Thailand].
abaxially and impressed adaxially, abaxially densely gray to-
Further study is necessary to determine the identity of Cotoneaster mentose, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent, base round-
induratus J. Fryer & B. Hylmö, which might be synonymous with this ed, apex acute or obtuse, usually mucronate. Corymbs 1.5–2.5
taxon. cm, 2–5(–7)-flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous or puberu-
25. Cotoneaster reticulatus Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sar- lous; bracts lanceolate, puberulous. Pedicel 3–6 mm. Flowers
gent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 160. 1912. ca. 8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous or pu-
berulous abaxially. Sepals triangular-ovate, 1–1.5 × 1–2 mm,
网脉栒子 wang mai xun zi apex obtuse. Petals erect, pink, suborbicular, ca. 3 mm in diam.,
Shrubs deciduous, to 4 m tall. Branchlets brown to dark base clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens 15–20, nearly as long as
reddish brown, terete, initially yellow strigose, glabrescent. petals. Ovary pilose apically; styles 2, rarely 3, free, not ex-
Petiole (2–)3–4 mm, pilose, glabrate; stipules lanceolate, 2–3 ceeding stamens. Fruit red or dark red, subglobose, rarely ov-
mm, pilose; leaf blade bright green adaxially, elliptic-ovate, oid, 6–7(–8) mm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes usually 2, rarely 3
rarely rhombic-ovate, (1–)2.5–3.5 × (0.8–)1–1.6 cm, sublea- or 4. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 68.
thery, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, distinctly raised abaxially and Rocky slopes, forests; below 2500 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Nei
impressed adaxially, abaxially yellowish gray tomentose, adaxi- Mongol, Qinghai, Xinjiang [Korea, Russia; N Asia, Europe].
ally glabrous, rugose, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex
28. Cotoneaster gracilis Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl.
acuminate to acute. Corymbs 1.5–2.5 cm, 3–6-flowered; rachis
Wilson. 1: 167. 1912.
and pedicels glabrous; bracts linear or linear-lanceolate. Pedicel
5–6 mm. Petals pink. Fruit purplish black, subglobose, 5–7 mm 细弱栒子 xi ruo xun zi
in diam., glabrous; pyrenes (2–)5. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.
Shrubs deciduous, 1–3 m tall. First year’s branches gla-
● Waste places, forest margins; 2600–3000 m. W Sichuan. brous; branchlets brownish red to grayish brown, terete, slen-
26. Cotoneaster oliganthus Pojarkova, Bot. Mater. Gerb. der, initially densely tomentose-villous, gradually glabrescent.
Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 8: 141. 1938. Petiole 2–3 mm, white tomentose; stipules caducous, subulate,
2–4 mm, membranous, pubescent; leaf blade ovate to oblong-
少花栒子 shao hua xun zi ovate, 2–3.5 × 1–2 cm, lateral veins 3 or 4 pairs, conspicuously
raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, abaxially densely
Shrubs deciduous, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets dark brown,
white tomentose, adaxially glabrous or puberulous, base round-
 ROSACEAE

ed, apex obtuse or acute, rarely emarginate. Corymbs (1–)1.5– pubescent. Pedicel 3–7(–9) mm. Flowers ca. 7 mm in diam.
2.5 cm, 3–7-flowered; rachis and pedicels pilose; bracts linear, Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular,
2–3 mm, pilose. Pedicel 3–6 mm. Flowers 6–7 mm in diam. 1.5–2.5 mm, apex obtuse. Petals erect, pinkish, reddish, or
Hypanthium red, campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals tri- reddish white, suborbicular, 3–4 mm in diam. Stamens 20,
angular-ovate, 1–2 mm, apex obtuse or ± acute. Petals erect, shorter than petals. Ovary pubescent apically; styles 3 or 2, free,
pink, suborbicular, 2.5–3.5 mm in diam., glabrous, shortly claw- shorter than petals. Fruit bluish black, with glaucous bloom,
ed. Stamens 20, slightly shorter than petals. Ovary pubescent subglobose, 6–7(–9) mm in diam.; pyrenes 2 or 3. Fl. May–Jun,
apically; styles usually 2, free, not exceeding stamens. Fruit red, fr. Aug–Sep.
obovoid, 5–6 mm in diam., puberulous; pyrenes usually 2. Fl. Slopes, sparse forests, thickets; 700–2600 m. Gansu, Hebei, Hei-
May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. longjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Japan, N Mongolia,
Russia; E Europe].
● Mountain regions, slopes, river banks, thickets; 1000–3000 m.
Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan. 30. Cotoneaster acuminatus Lindley, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon-
don 13: 101. 1822.
1a. Leaf blade ovate to oblong-ovate, 20–35 ×
10–20 mm, densely tomentose abaxially; 尖叶栒子 jian ye xun zi
inflorescences 3–7-flowered .................... 28a. var. gracilis
Cotoneaster bakeri G. Klotz; C. kongboensis G. Klotz; C.
1b. Leaf blade ovate-elliptic to broadly mucronatus Franchet; C. nepalensis André; Mespilus acumi-
elliptic, 7–14 × 5.5–8 mm, tenuously
nata Loddiges.
tomentose abaxially; inflorescences
1–3(–6)-flowered .................................... 28b. var. difficilis Shrubs deciduous, erect, 2–3(–4) m tall. Branchlets gray-
ish brown to brownish, terete, initially densely yellowish stri-
28a. Cotoneaster gracilis var. gracilis gose, glabrous when old. Petiole 3–5 mm, villous; stipules
细弱栒子(原变种) xi ruo xun zi (yuan bian zhong) partly caducous at fruiting, lanceolate, 3–5 mm, villous; leaf
blade elliptic-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2–6.5 × 2–3 cm, both
Leaf blade ovate to oblong-ovate, 2–3.5 × 1–2 cm, abax-
surfaces villous, more densely so abaxially, base broadly cu-
ially densely tomentose. Inflorescences 3–7-flowered. neate, apex acuminate, rarely acute. Cymes 1–2 cm, (1 or)2 or
● Slopes, river banks, thickets; 1000–3000 m. Gansu, Hubei, 3(–5)-flowered; rachis and pedicels yellowish villous; bracts
Shaanxi, Sichuan. lanceolate or linear, 2–4 mm, margin villous. Pedicel 3–5 mm.
28b. Cotoneaster gracilis var. difficilis (G. Klotz) L. T. Lu, Flowers 6–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially
Novon 12: 496. 2002. appressed villous. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2.5 × 2–3 mm, apex
acute. Petals erect, pink or whitish, ovate to obovate, 3–4 mm
小叶细弱栒子 xiao ye xi ruo xun zi and nearly as broad, glabrous, base clawed, apex obtuse or
Cotoneaster difficilis G. Klotz, Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller- erose. Stamens 20, shorter than petals. Ovary pilose apically;
Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe (Beitr. Phytotax. 3) 21: styles 2, free, not exceeding stamens. Fruit bright red, ellipsoid,
8–10 × 7–8 mm; pyrenes 2. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 34,
1017. 1972.
68.
Leaf blade ovate-elliptic to broadly elliptic, 7–14 × 5.5–8 Mixed forests, thickets, fields; 1500–3000 m. Sichuan, Xizang,
mm, abaxially tenuously tomentose. Inflorescences 1–3(–6)- Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Nepal, Sikkim].
flowered.
31. Cotoneaster nitidifolius Marquand, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 32:
● Mountain regions; 1800–3000 m. SE Gansu, W Sichuan. t. 3145. 1930.
29. Cotoneaster melanocarpus Loddiges, Bot. Cab. 16: t. 亮叶栒子 liang ye xun zi
1531. 1828.
Shrubs deciduous, erect, 2–3 m tall. Branchlets grayish
黑果栒子 hei guo xun zi brown to reddish brown, terete, slender, initially densely yellow
Cotoneaster niger (Wahlberg) Fries; C. orientalis A. pubescent, gradually glabrescent. Petiole 3–5 mm, pubescent;
Kerner; C. peduncularis Boissier; C. vulgaris Lindley var. stipules reddish, lanceolate, 3–5 mm, initially sparsely pubes-
melanocarpus (Loddiges) Ledebour; Mespilus cotoneaster var. cent, glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate, 4–6.5(–8) ×
nigra Wahlberg. 1.5–2.5(–3) cm, veins raised abaxially and impressed adaxially,
abaxially pubescent, more densely so along veins, adaxially
Shrubs deciduous, 1–2(–2.5) m tall. Branchlets brown or glabrous, base cuneate, apex acuminate. Corymbs 1.5–2.5 cm,
purplish brown, terete, initially tomentose, soon glabrate, 3–9-flowered; rachis and pedicels pubescent; bracts reddish,
glabrous when old. Petiole (1–)2–5 mm, tomentose; stipules linear-lanceolate, 3–4 mm, puberulous. Pedicel 1–3 mm, pubes-
partly persistent, lanceolate, pubescent; leaf blade ovate-elliptic cent. Flowers nodding, 5–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium cam-
to broadly ovate, 2–4.5(–6) × 1–3 cm, abaxially white tomen- panulate, abaxially pubescent. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2 × 1.5–2
tose, adaxially initially slightly pubescent, glabrous when ma- mm, apex acute. Petals erect, red basally, white apically, sub-
ture, base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex obtuse or ± acute, orbicular or elliptic, 3–4 mm, base clawed, apex obtuse and
mucronate, sometimes emarginate. Corymbs nodding, 2–4 cm, whitish. Stamens 16–18, shorter than petals. Ovary with pubes-
3–15-flowered; rachis and pedicels pubescent; bracts linear, cent apex; styles 2, free, not exceeding stamens. Fruit crimson,
 ROSACEAE

subglobose, 5–6 mm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes often 2. Fl. 3b. Leaf blade usually less than 5 cm,
May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. petiole usually less than 2 mm;
● Open thickets by streams, mixed forests; 2000–3000 m. Si- corymbs (9–)15–31-flowered,
chuan, Yunnan. 4–6 cm in diam. ......................... 33d. var. floribundus

32. Cotoneaster schantungensis G. Klotz, Wiss. Z. Friedrich- 33a. Cotoneaster bullatus var. bullatus
Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 21: 1018. 1972. 泡叶栒子(原变种) pao ye xun zi (yuan bian zhong)
山东栒子 shan dong xun zi Petiole 3–6 mm; leaf blade oblong-ovate or elliptic-ovate,
3.5–7 × 2–4 cm. Inflorescences 3–5 cm in diam., 5–13-
Shrubs deciduous, to 2 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown or
flowered.
grayish brown, terete, slender, initially densely gray villous,
glabrous when old. Petiole 2–4.5 mm, slightly villous; stipules ● Slopes, sparse forests, river banks, mountain valleys; 2000–
caducous or partly persistent, lanceolate, 1–2 mm, villous; leaf 3200 m. Hubei, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
blade broadly elliptic or broadly ovate, sometimes obovate or 33b. Cotoneaster bullatus var. camilli-schneideri (Pojarkova)
suborbicular, 2–3.5 × 1.5–2.4 cm, papery, lateral veins 3–5 L. T. Lu, comb. et stat. nov.
pairs, slightly raised abaxially, abaxially initially densely vil-
lous, glabrate, adaxially initially villous, glabrescent, base 少花泡叶栒子 shao hua pao ye xun zi
broadly cuneate to rounded, apex usually obtuse or emarginate, Basionym: Cotoneaster camilli-schneideri Pojarkova, Bot.
rarely mucronate. Corymbs suberect or spreading, 3–6-flow- Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Acad. Nauk SSSR 17: 180.
ered; rachis and pedicels initially villous, finally subglabrous. 1955.
Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially sparsely pilose. Sepals
broadly triangular. Petals not seen. Fruit dark red, obovoid, 6–8 Petiole 3–6 mm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic or elliptic, rarely
mm, sparsely pilose or subglabrous; pyrenes 2. Fl. May–Jun, fr. obovate, 3–6.5 × 2–4 cm. Inflorescences small, 3–5-flowered.
Aug–Sep. ● Slopes. Hubei.
● Stony slopes; 900–1900 m. Shandong.
33c. Cotoneaster bullatus var. macrophyllus Rehder & E. H.
33. Cotoneaster bullatus Bois in Vilmorin & Bois, Frutic. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 164. 1912.
Vilm. 119. 1904.
大叶泡叶栒子 da ye pao ye xun zi
泡叶栒子 pao ye xun zi
Cotoneaster rehderi Pojarkova.
Shrubs deciduous, spreading, to 2 m tall. Branchlets slight-
ly inflexed, grayish black, terete, stout, initially strigose, gradu- Petiole ca. 2 mm; leaf blade obovate-elliptic or elliptic,
ally glabrescent. Petiole (1.5–)3–6 mm, pilose; stipules cadu- rarely elliptic-oblong or lanceolate-oblong, 5–15 × 2.5–8 cm.
cous, brown, lanceolate, 3–5 mm, pilose; leaf blade oblong- Inflorescences 5–8 cm in diam., 11–31-flowered. Fruit globose,
ovate to elliptic or lanceolate-oblong, 3.5–7(–15) × 2–4(–8) cm, 7–9 mm, with 5 pyrenes.
veins prominently raised abaxially, abaxially pilose, more ● Thickets; 1300–2800 m. W Sichuan.
densely so along veins, sometimes subglabrous, adaxially gla-
brous or pilose, conspicuously rugose and bullate, base cuneate 33d. Cotoneaster bullatus var. floribundus (Stapf) L. T. Lu &
or rounded, apex acuminate, rarely acute. Corymbs 2.5–5 cm in A. R. Brach, Novon 12: 496. 2002.
diam., (3–)5–13(–31)-flowered; rachis and pedicels pilose; bracts 多花泡叶栒子 duo hua pao ye xun zi
lanceolate, 2–3 mm, pilose. Pedicel 1–3 mm. Flowers 7–8 mm
in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially initially pilose, Cotoneaster moupinensis Franchet f. floribundus Stapf,
glabrate. Sepals triangular, 1–1.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acute. Bot. Mag. 135: t. 8284. 1909; C. bullatus f. floribundus (Stapf)
Petals erect, pinkish, obovate, 4–4.5 mm and nearly as broad, Rehder & E. H. Wilson.
base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens 20–22, shorter than
Petiole 1.5–2.5 mm; leaf blade ovate or obovate to elliptic,
petals. Ovary pubescent apically; styles 4 or 5, free, very short.
less than 5 cm. Inflorescences 4–6 cm in diam., (9–)15–31-
Fruit red, globose or obovoid, 6–8 × 6–8 mm; pyrenes 4 or 5.
flowered. Fruit with 4 or 5 pyrenes.
Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
● Mountain forests; 900–2800 m. W Sichuan.
● Slopes, sparse forests, thickets, river banks, mountain forests
and valleys; 900–3200 m. Hubei, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan. The name Cotoneaster boisianus (Klotz, Wiss. Z. Friedrich-
Schiller-Univ. Jena, Mat. Naturwiss. Reihe 21: 987. 1972), synonymous
1a. Petiole 3–6 mm; corymbs (3–)5–13-flowered. with this taxon, is invalid under Arts. 8.1 and 37 of the St. Louis Code
2a. Corymbs 5–13-flowered ................. 33a. var. bullatus because Klotz cited two specimens (from different gatherings) as types.
2b. Corymbs 3–5-flowered
......................................... 33b. var. camilli-schneideri 34. Cotoneaster acutifolius Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp.
1b. Petiole 1.5–2.5 mm; corymbs 9–31-flowered. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 190. 1832.
3a. Leaf blade 5–15 × 2.5–8 cm, petiole 灰栒子 hui xun zi
ca. 2 mm; corymbs 11–31-flowered,
5–8 cm in diam. ..................... 33c. var. macrophyllus Shrubs deciduous, 2–4 m tall. Branchlets brownish or red-
 ROSACEAE

dish brown, terete, slender, initially villous, glabrescent. Petiole Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 158. 1912.
2–5(–10) mm, villous; stipules caducous, brown, linear-lanceo-
late, 3–5 mm, slightly villous; leaf blade elliptic-ovate to ob- 密毛灰栒子 mi mao hui xun zi
long-ovate, 2–4(–5) × 1–2(–3) cm, veins raised abaxially and Cotoneaster dissimilis G. Klotz; C. villosulus (Rehder &
impressed adaxially, adaxially glabrous or both surfaces initi- E. H. Wilson) Flinck & Hylmö.
ally villous, gradually glabrescent, subglabrous when old, base
broadly cuneate, apex acute, rarely acuminate. Corymbs 2–4 Leaf blade 3–5(–6) cm, both surfaces villous, more dense-
cm, 2–5-flowered; rachis and pedicels villous; bracts linear- ly so abaxially. Hypanthium densely villous abaxially. Fruit
lanceolate, 3–5 mm, slightly pilose. Pedicel 3–5 mm. Flowers ellipsoid or obovoid, 6–7 mm in diam.
7–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate or shortly cylindric, ● Mountain valleys, grassy slopes, thickets, forest margins; 1000–
abaxially glabrous or villous. Sepals triangular, 1–2 × 1.5–2 2200 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xi-
mm, apex acute or ± obtuse. Petals erect, white, tinged reddish, zang.
broadly obovate or oblong, 3.5–4.5 × 3–4 mm, glabrous, base
Further study is necessary to determine the identity of Cotoneaster
somewhat long clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens 10–15, shorter hummelii J. Fryer & B. Hylmö, a doubtful species cultivated in the
than petals. Ovary densely villous apically; styles often 2, free, Botanic Garden in Göteborg (Sweden), which might be synonymous
not exceeding stamens. Fruit black, ellipsoid, obovoid, or sub- with this taxon.
globose, 6–8(–10) mm in diam., villous; pyrenes 2 or 3. Fl.
May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 34c. Cotoneaster acutifolius var. lucidus (Schlechtendal) L. T.
Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 277. 2000.
Slopes, foothills, gullies, forests, forest margins, thickets, moun-
tain valleys, exposed grasslands; 1000–3700 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, 甘南灰栒子 gan nan hui xun zi
Henan, Hubei, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tai-
wan, Xizang, Yunnan [Mongolia, Russia].
Cotoneaster lucidus Schlechtendal, Linnaea 27: 541. 1854.

1a. Hypanthium abaxially glabrous or only Leaf blade villous abaxially, glabrous adaxially. Hypan-
slightly villous. thium glabrous or only slightly villous abaxially. Fruit obovoid
2a. Leaf blade adaxially glabrous, or subglobose, 8–10 mm in diam. 2n = 68.
abaxially villous; hypanthium Rocky slopes, thickets; below 2900 m. S Gansu [Russia].
abaxially glabrous or slightly
villous ............................................... 34c. var. lucidus 34d. Cotoneaster acutifolius var. glabricalyx Hurusawa, Acta
2b. Leaf blade villous on both Phytotax. Geobot. 13: 235. 1943.
surfaces; hypanthium 光萼灰栒子 guang e hui xun zi
abaxially glabrous ..................... 34d. var. glabricalyx
1b. Hypanthium abaxially villous; leaf Leaf blade 2.5–3.5 cm, both surfaces villous, more densely
blade villous on both surfaces. so abaxially. Hypanthium glabrous abaxially. Fruit not seen.
3a. Abaxial surfaces of both leaf ● Mountain slopes; medium elevations. NC Henan (Song Shan).
blade and hypanthium sparsely
villous .......................................... 34a. var. acutifolius 35. Cotoneaster moupinensis Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus.
3b. Abaxial surfaces of both leaf Hist. Nat, sér. 2, 8: 224. 1885.
blade and hypanthium densely 宝兴栒子 bao xing xun zi
villous ........................................... 34b. var. villosulus
Shrubs deciduous, to 5 m tall. Branchlets somewhat in-
34a. Cotoneaster acutifolius var. acutifolius flexed, grayish black, with conspicuous lenticels, terete, initially
灰栒子(原变种) hui xun zi (yuan bian zhong) strigose, gradually glabrescent. Petiole 2–4(–8) mm, pubescent;
stipules caducous; leaf blade elliptic-ovate or rhombic-ovate, 4–
Cotoneaster acutifolius Turczaninow f. glabriusculus 12 × 2–4.5 cm; veins prominently raised abaxially and im-
Hurusawa; C. acutifolius var. laetevirens Rehder & E. H. pressed adaxially, abaxially pubescent along reticulate veins,
Wilson; C. acutifolius Turczaninow var. pekinensis Koehne; C. adaxially slightly pilose, rugose, bullate, base broadly cuneate
hurusawaianus G. Klotz; C. konishii Hayata; C. laetevirens or subrounded, apex acuminate. Corymbs usually 9–25-flow-
(Rehder & E. H. Wilson) G. Klotz; C. niger var. acutifolius ered; rachis and pedicels pubescent; bracts lanceolate, sparsely
Wenzig; C. ottoschwarzii G. Klotz; C. pekinensis (Koehne) pubescent. Pedicel 2–3 mm. Flowers 8–10 mm in diam. Hypan-
Zabel. thium campanulate, abaxially pubescent. Sepals triangular, apex
Leaf blade 2–4(–5) cm, both surfaces sparsely villous. acute. Petals erect, pink, ovate or suborbicular, 3–4 × 2–3 mm,
Hypanthium sparsely villous abaxially. Fruit ellipsoid or obo- apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 20, shorter than petals. Ovary pubes-
void, 6–8 mm in diam. cent at apex; styles 4 or 5, free, not exceeding stamens. Fruit
black, subglobose or obovoid, 6–8 mm in diam.; pyrenes 4 or 5.
Slopes, foothills, gullies, forests; 1400–3700 m. Gansu, Hebei,
Henan, Hubei, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tai-
Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 68*.
wan, Xizang, Yunnan [Mongolia]. ● Forest margins, coniferous forests, stream sides; 1300–3200 m.
34b. Cotoneaster acutifolius var. villosulus Rehder & E. H. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
 ROSACEAE

36. Cotoneaster foveolatus Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, gins; 1800–3000 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Si-
Pl. Wilson. 1: 162. 1912. chuan, Yunnan.

麻核栒子 ma he xun zi 38. Cotoneaster buxifolius Wallich ex Lindley, Bot. Reg. 15:
sub t. 1229. 1829.
Cotoneaster cornifolius Flinck & Hylmö; C. obscurus
Rehder & E. H. Wilson var. cornifolius Rehder & E. H. Wilson. 黄杨叶栒子 huang yang ye xun zi

Shrubs deciduous, to 3 m tall. Branchlets dark reddish Shrubs evergreen to semievergreen, low, to 1.5(–3) m tall.
brown, terete, initially densely yellow strigose, glabrescent. Branchlets dark grayish brown or brownish, terete, initially
Petiole 2–4 mm, pubescent; stipules partly persistent, linear or densely whitish tomentose, glabrate. Petiole 1–3 mm, tomen-
lanceolate, 3–4 mm, pubescent; leaf blade elliptic, elliptic- tose; stipules caducous, subulate, 2–3 mm, tomentulose; leaf
ovate, or elliptic-obovate, (2–)3.5–8(–10) × (1.2–)1.5–3(–4.5) blade elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 5–10(–16) × (2–)4–9 mm,
cm, veins prominently raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, abaxially densely gray tomentose, adaxially initially appressed
abaxially initially pubescent, more densely so along veins, sub- pubescent, glabrescent, base narrowly to broadly cuneate, apex
glabrous when old, adaxially sparsely pubescent, glabrescent, acute and mucronate, rarely ± obtuse. Inflorescences (1- or)3–
base broadly cuneate or subrounded, apex acuminate or acute. 5(–9)-flowered; bracts lanceolate, nearly as long as pedicels,
Corymbs 3–7-flowered; rachis and pedicels pubescent; bracts tomentose. Pedicel 3–5 mm, tomentose. Flowers 7–9 mm in
linear, 2–3 mm, pubescent. Pedicel 3–4 mm. Flowers 7–8 mm. diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially tomentose. Sepals
Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially pilose. Sepals triangular, ovate-triangular, 1.5–2 mm, apex acute. Petals spreading, white,
1.5–2 × 2–2.5 mm, apex acute. Petals erect, pink, obovate or suborbicular or broadly ovate, 3–4 mm in diam., glabrous, base
suborbicular, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens 20, slightly shorter than
Stamens 15–17, shorter than petals. Ovary densely pilose petals. Ovary pubescent apically; styles 2, free, nearly as long
apically; styles often 3, rarely 2–5, free, very short. Fruit black, as stamens. Fruit red, subglobose, 5–6 mm in diam.; pyrenes
subglobose, 8–9 mm in diam.; pyrenes 3 or 4, furrowed and usually 2. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.
shallowly pitted on back. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 68*. Mountain regions, rocky mountain slopes, thickets, roadsides;
● Thickets, dense forests, forest margins, near water courses, 1000–3900 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, My-
waste fields; 1400–3400 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, anmar, Nepal].
Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan. 1a. Dwarf shrub to 0.5–1 m tall; pedicel,
Further study is necessary to determine the identity of Cotoneaster hypanthium and sepals abaxially initially
hsingshangensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö, which might be synonymous sparsely villous-tomentose, glabrate;
with this taxon. flowers 1 or 2(–4); leaves apically obtuse,
37. Cotoneaster ambiguus Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, rarely ± acute and mucronulate .................. 38c. var. rockii
Pl. Wilson. 1: 159. 1912. 1b. Shrub 1–3 m tall; pedicel, hypanthium and
sepals abaxially densely and persistently
川康栒子 chuan kang xun zi strigose-tomentose; flowers (1–)3–5(–9);
Cotoneaster acutifolius Turczaninow var. ambiguus (Reh- leaves apically mucronate or mucronulate.
der & E. H. Wilson) Hurusawa; C. pseudoambiguus J. Fryer & 2a. Shrub 1–2 m tall; leaves elliptic to
B. Hylmö. elliptic-obovate, 5–10 mm or
slightly longer, apex acute and
Shrubs deciduous, to 2 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown or mucronate, rarely ± obtuse;
grayish brown, slender, initially strigose, subglabrous or gla- flowers (1–)3–5(–9) ..................... 38a. var. buxifolius
brous when old. Petiole 2–5 mm, pilose; stipules usually cadu- 2b. Shrub to 3 m tall; leaves elliptic,
cous, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, pilose; leaf blade elliptic- rarely obovate-elliptic, 7–16 mm,
ovate to rhombic-ovate, 2.5–6 × 1.5–3 cm, abaxially initially apex obtuse and mucronulate;
pubescent, glabrate, adaxially pilose, soon glabrescent, base flowers 2–5(–8) ......................... 38b. var. marginatus
broadly cuneate, apex acuminate or acute. Corymbs 1.5–3.5
cm, 5–10-flowered; rachis and pedicels pilose; bracts caducous, 38a. Cotoneaster buxifolius var. buxifolius
lanceolate or linear, 2–3 mm, pilose. Pedicel 4–6 mm. Flowers 黄杨叶栒子(原变种) huang yang ye xun zi (yuan bian zhong)
7–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium abaxially initially pilose, finally
glabrous or subglabrous. Sepals triangular, 1–1.5 × 2–2.5 mm, Cotoneaster argenteus G. Klotz; C. brevirameus Rehder
apex acute. Petals erect, white, stained pinkish, broadly ovate or & E. H. Wilson; C. buxifolius f. vellaeus Franchet; C. buxifolius
suborbicular, 3–4 mm and ca. as broad, base shortly clawed, var. vellaeus (Franchet) G. Klotz; C. hodjingensis G. Klotz; C.
apex obtuse or erose. Stamens 20, slightly shorter than petals. lidjiangensis G. Klotz; C. microphyllus Wallich ex Lindley var.
Ovary densely pilose apically; styles 2–5, free, somewhat not buxifolius Dippel; C. microphyllus var. vellaeus (Franchet)
exceeding stamens. Fruit black, ovoid or subglobose, 8–10 × 6– Rehder & E. H. Wilson.
7 mm, pilose apically; pyrenes 2 or 3, rarely 4 or 5. Fl. May– Shrubs evergreen to semievergreen, 1–2 m tall. Leaf blade
Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 5–10 mm or slightly longer, abaxi-
● Mountain regions, semiopen slopes, sparse forests, forest mar- ally gray tomentose, apex usually acute and mucronate. Inflo-
rescences 3–5(–9)-flowered, rarely flowers solitary. Pedicels,
 ROSACEAE

hypanthium, and sepals abaxially densely and persistently stri- lustrous, glabrous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex ob-
gose-tomentose. tuse, emarginate, or ± acute. Inflorescences ca. 1 cm in diam.,
Rocky mountain slopes, thickets, roadsides; 1000–3300 m. Gui- usually 1-flowered, rarely 2- or 3-flowered corymbs; bracts
zhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal]. linear-lanceolate, 2–3 mm, pilose. Pedicel 4–6 mm, rarely to
1.5 cm, pilose. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially puberulent.
Zhou and Wu (Acta Bot. Yunnan. 23: 29–36. 2001) treated Coto-
neaster buxifolius f. vellaeus as a synonym of C. poluninii G. Klotz Sepals triangular, 1.5–2 mm and nearly as broad, apex acute.
(from Nepal) and recognized C. delavayanus G. Klotz as a distinct Petals spreading, white, suborbicular or broadly ovate, 4–5 mm
species. Although they are sometimes aligned here, we consider both C. in diam., glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens
astrophoros J. Fryer & E. C. Nelson and C. delavayanus to be doubtful 20, unequal in length; anthers purple. Ovary pilose apically;
species. styles (3 or)4 or 5, free, nearly as long as stamens. Fruit bright
38b. Cotoneaster buxifolius var. marginatus Loudon, Encycl. red, subglobose, 6–7 mm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes (3 or)4 or
Trees Shrubs 411. 1842. 5. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 34*.

多花黄杨叶栒子 duo hua hang yan ye xun zi ● Mountain areas, rocks, sparse mixed forests; 1300–4100 m.
Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
Cotoneaster marginatus Lindley ex Loudon; C. micro-
phyllus Wallich ex Lindley var. buxifolius Dippel f. lanatus 1a. Petiole 2–3 mm; leaf blade elliptic or
Dippel; C. prostratus var. lanatus (Dippel) Rehder; C. rotun- oblong-elliptic; pedicel 4–6 mm ........... 39a. var. dammeri
difolius Wallich ex Lindley var. lanatus (Dippel) C. K. Schnei- 1b. Petiole 6–10 mm; leaf blade usually
der. obovate; pedicel 10–15 mm .................. 39b. var. radicans

Shrubs evergreen, to 3 m tall. Leaf blade elliptic, rarely 39a. Cotoneaster dammeri var. dammeri
obovate-elliptic, 7–16 mm, abaxially tomentose, apex obtuse 矮生栒子(原变种) ai sheng xun zi (yuang bian zhong)
and mucronulate. Inflorescences 2–5(–8)-flowered. Pedicels,
Cotoneaster dammeri subsp. songmingensis C. Y. Wu &
hypanthium, and sepals abaxially densely and persistently
Lihua Zhou; C. humifusus Duthie ex Veitch; C. kweitscho-
strigose-tomentose.
viensis G. Klotz.
Mountain regions; 2500–3300 m. SE Xizang [Bhutan, India].
Petiole 2–3 mm; leaf blade elliptic or oblong-elliptic. Pedi-
Zhou & Wu (Acta Bot. Yunnan. 23: 29–36. 2001) treated this cel 4–6 mm.
variety as a synonym of var. buxifolius.
● Rocky mountain areas, sparse mixed forests; 1300–2600 m.
38c. Cotoneaster buxifolius var. rockii (G. Klotz) L. T. Lu & Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan.
A. R. Brach, comb. et stat. nov.
39b. Cotoneaster dammeri var. radicans (Dammer ex C. K.
西南黄杨叶栒子 xi nan huang yang ye xun zi Schneider) C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 761.
Basionym: Cotoneaster rockii G. Klotz, Wiss. Z. Martin 1906.
Luther Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 12:
长柄矮生栒子 chang bing ai sheng xun zi
775. 1963; C. insolitus G. Klotz.
Cotoneaster radicans Dammer ex C. K. Schneider, Ill.
Shrubs evergreen, dwarf, 0.5–1 m tall. Leaves elliptic or
Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 761. 1906.
broadly lanceolate, rarely oblong-oblanceolate, 6.5–12 mm,
abaxially sparsely villous-tomentose or more so, apex usually Petiole 6–10 mm; leaf blade usually obovate. Pedicels 1–
obtuse, rarely ± acute and mucronulate. Flowers 1 or 2, rarely 3 1.5 cm.
or 4. Pedicels, hypanthium, and sepals abaxially sparsely vil-
● Mountain areas, rocks; 2000–4100 m. Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan,
lous-tomentose, gradually glabrescent.
Xizang.
● Rocks and boulders in high mountain regions; 3000–3900 m.
SW Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan. Zhou et al. (Acta Bot. Yunnan. 22: 379–382. 2000) treated this
variety as a synonym of var. dammeri.
39. Cotoneaster dammeri C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laub-
40. Cotoneaster morrisonensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5:
holzk. 1: 761. 1906.
62. 1915.
矮生栒子 ai sheng xun zi
台湾栒子 tai wan xun zi
Shrubs evergreen, low. Branches creeping, usually rooting
at nodes. Branchlets dark grayish brown to grayish black, terete, Cotoneaster rokujodaisanensis Hayata.
initially yellowish appressed pilose, glabrous when old. Petiole Shrubs semievergreen, prostrate, less than 1 m tall, much
2–3(–10) mm, initially yellowish pilose, glabrous when old; branched. Branchlets grayish brown to reddish brown, terete,
stipules mostly caducous, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 2–4 initially strigose, glabrous when old. Petiole 2–3(–5) mm, pi-
mm, puberulent; leaf blade elliptic to oblong-elliptic or obovate, lose; stipules partly persistent, linear-lanceolate, puberulent;
1–2(–3) × 0.7–2.2 cm, thickly leathery, lateral veins 4–6 pairs, leaf blade ovate or oblong-ovate, rarely obovate, 9–15(–20) ×
somewhat raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, abaxially (5–)6–10 mm, thickly leathery, midvein raised abaxially and
slightly glaucous, initially appressed pilose, glabrate, adaxially impressed adaxially, abaxially initially appressed pilose, later
 ROSACEAE

subglabrous, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate to obtuse, margin 2–4 mm; petals white; hypanthium
entire and revolute, apex acute, rounded, emarginate, or mucro- and sepals abaxially densely
nate. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, 1-flowered. Flower 7– persistently long gray
8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially pilose. pubescent .................................... 41d. var. cochleatus
Sepals triangular or triangular-ovate. Petals white, broadly obo- 41a. Cotoneaster microphyllus var. microphyllus
vate, base shortly clawed, apex emarginate. Stamens 10–15.
Carpels 2 or 3; styles 2 or 3. Fruit red, ellipsoid-ovate or ellip- 小叶栒子(原变种) xiao ye xun zi (yuan bian zhong)
soid, 7–8 × 5–6(–8) mm; pyrenes 2 or 3. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul– Cotoneaster buxifolius Lindley f. melanotrichus Franchet;
Oct. C. cochleatus (Franchet) G. Klotz f. melanotrichus (Franchet)
● Sunny rocky grasslands, rocky cliffs, open sunny slopes, high G. Klotz; C. elatus G. Klotz; C. melanotrichus (Franchet) G.
mountain areas; 2200–3500 m. Taiwan. Klotz; C. microphyllus f. melanotrichus (Franchet) Handel-
Mazzetti; C. microphyllus var. melanotrichus (Franchet) Reh-
41. Cotoneaster microphyllus Wallich ex Lindley, Bot. Reg.
der & E. H. Wilson.
13: t. 1114. 1827.
Leaves obovate to oblong-obovate, 4–10 × 4–7 mm, both
小叶栒子 xiao ye xun zi
surfaces pubescent. Petals white.
Shrubs evergreen, low, to 1 m tall, with stiffly spreading Rocky mountain slopes, thickets, roadsides; 2500–4200 m. Si-
branches. Branchlets reddish brown to blackish brown, terete, chuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal, Sik-
initially yellow pubescent, gradually glabrate. Petiole 1–2 mm kim].
to more than 4 mm, pubescent; stipules caducous, lanceolate or
linear, nearly as long as petioles, slightly pubescent; leaf blade 41b. Cotoneaster microphyllus var. thymifolius (Baker)
obovate to oblong-obovate, 4–10(–16) × 4–8 mm, thickly lea- Koehne, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 227. 1893.
thery, midvein raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, abax- 细叶小叶栒子 xi ye xiao ye xun zi
ially gray pubescent, rarely glabrous, adaxially glabrous or
sparsely pubescent, base broadly cuneate, margin revolute, apex Cotoneaster thymifolius Baker in Saunders, Refug. Bot. 1:
obtuse, rarely emarginate or ± acute. Inflorescences 1(–3)-flow- t. 50. 1869; C. integrifolius (Roxburgh) G. Klotz; C. lineari-
ered. Flowers 8–10 mm in diam. Pedicel 2–3 mm, sparsely pu- folius (G. Klotz) G. Klotz; C. microphyllus f. linearifolius G.
bescent. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially pubescent at least Klotz; Crataegus integrifolia Roxburgh.
initially. Sepals ovate-triangular, 1–1.5 mm and nearly as broad, Leaves narrowly oblong or oblong-obovate to linear-lan-
apex obtuse. Petals spreading, white, suborbicular, ca. 4 mm ceolate, 4–16 × 1.5–5(–7) mm, both surfaces pubescent. Petals
and ca. as broad, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens pinkish white. 2n = 51, 68.
15–20, shorter than petals. Ovary pubescent apically; styles 2,
free, somewhat not exceeding stamens. Fruit scarlet-red, glo- High mountain areas; 3000–4000 m. SE Xizang, NW Yunnan
bose, 5–6(–10) mm in diam.; pyrenes 2. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug– [India, Kashmir, Nepal, Sikkim].
Sep. 2n = 34, 51, 68*, 102. 41c. Cotoneaster microphyllus var. glacialis J. D. Hooker ex
Rocks, slopes, high mountain areas, thickets, roadsides; 2000– Wenzig, Linnaea 38: 195. 1874.
4200 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Myanmar,
无毛小叶栒子 wu mao xiao ye xun zi
Nepal, Sikkim].
Zhou & Wu (Acta Bot. Yunnan. 21: 160–166. 1999) treated the Cotoneaster congestus Baker; C. glacialis (J. D. Hooker
following varieties as synonyms of the species. ex Wenzig) G. Panigraphi & A. Kumar; C. microphyllus var.
nivalis G. Klotz.
1a. Leaves pubescent on both surfaces.
2a. Leaves obovate to oblong- Petiole 1–2 mm; leaf blade usually elliptic, 6–12 × 4–7
obovate, 4–7 mm in diam.; mm, both sides glabrous or abaxially subglabrous, glabrescent.
petals white ............................. 41a. var. microphyllus Hypanthium and sepals abaxially initially sparsely pubescent,
2b. Leaves narrowly oblong or glabrescent. Petals pinkish.
oblong-ovate to linear-lanceolate,
High mountain areas, rocks; 3900–4200 m. SE Xizang, NW Yun-
1.5–5(–7) mm in diam.; petals
nan [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim].
pinkish white .............................. 41b. var. thymifolius
1b. Leaves glabrous on both surfaces or 41d. Cotoneaster microphyllus var. cochleatus (Franchet)
only pubescent abaxially. Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 176. 1912.
3a. Leaves glabrous on both surfaces,
白毛小叶栒子 bai mao xiao ye xun zi
rarely abaxially subglabrous,
glabrescent, petioles 1–2 mm; Cotoneaster buxifolius Lindley f. cochleatus Franchet, Pl.
petals pinkish; hypanthium and Delavay. 224. 1890; C. cochleatus (Franchet) G. Klotz; C.
sepals abaxially initially sparsely thymifolius var. cochleatus (Franchet) Franchet.
pubescent, glabrescent ................... 41c. var. glacialis
Petiole 2–4 mm; leaf blade elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 5–11
3b. Leaves adaxially glabrous, abaxially
× 3–8 mm, abaxially grayish white pubescent, adaxially
grayish white pubescent; petioles
 ROSACEAE

glabrous, margin revolute. Hypanthium and sepals abaxially diam., glabrous; pyrenes 1 or 2 united into 1. Fl. May–Jun, fr.
densely persistently long gray pubescent. Petals white. 2n = 68. Sep–Oct. 2n = 68.
Rocks, slopes; 2000–3000 m. Sichuan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Nepal]. River valleys, forests, slopes; 2700–4100 m. W Sichuan, SE Xi-
zang [Bhutan].
42. Cotoneaster conspicuus Comber ex Marquand, Bull. Misc.
Inform. Kew 1937: 119. 1937. Zhou & Wu (Acta Bot. Yunnan. 21: 160–166. 1999) treated this
species as a synonym of Cotoneaster conspicuus.
大果栒子 da guo xun zi
44. Cotoneaster rotundifolius Wallich ex Lindley, Bot. Reg.
Cotoneaster microphyllus var. conspicuus Messel; C. 15: sub t. 1229. 1829.
conspicuus var. decorus Russel; C. conspicuus var. nanus G.
Klotz; C. nanus (G. Klotz) G. Klotz; C. permutatus Klotz; C. 圆叶栒子 yuan ye xun zi
pluriflorus G. Klotz. Cotoneaster distichus Lange var. tongolensis C. K. Schnei-
Shrubs, evergreen, suberect, to 1.2 m tall or more, densely der; C. microphyllus Wallich ex Lindley var. rotundifolius (Wal-
lich ex Lindley) Wenzig; C. microphyllus var. uva-ursi Lindley;
branched. Branchlets ascending, straight or subarcuate, to 45
C. prostratus Baker; C. rotundifolius var. tongolensis (C. K.
cm, spreading, initially strigose-villous, gradually glabrescent.
Schneider) Rehder.
Petiole 1.5–2.5 mm; stipules subulate, villous, nearly as long as
petioles; leaf blade elliptic to oblanceolate, rarely oblong, 6–16 Shrubs evergreen, to 4 m tall. Branchlets spreading, gray-
(–20) × 2.5–6.5(–10) mm, midvein raised abaxially, impressed ish brown to blackish brown, initially appressed villous, gla-
adaxially, veins inconspicuous, abaxially appressed villous, brous when old. Petiole 1–3 mm, pilose; stipules persistent or
adaxially glabrous or sparsely villous, base cuneate, margin caducous, lanceolate, puberulous; leaf blade suborbicular or
revolute, apex obtuse or rounded and callous-mucronate. Inflo- broadly ovate, 0.8–2 cm × 6–10 mm, abaxially pilose, adaxially
rescences often solitary flowers, rarely few flowered. Pedicel glabrous, rarely puberulous, base broadly cuneate to rounded,
1.5–2 mm, sparsely villous. Flowers 8–10 mm in diam. Hypan- apex obtuse or emarginate, sometimes acute and mucronate.
thium campanulate, abaxially sparsely villous. Sepals broadly Inflorescences 1–3-flowered; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate.
triangular, ca. 1.5 mm and nearly as broad. Petals spreading, Pedicel 2–4 mm, pubescent. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Hy-
white, tipped with pink in bud, suborbicular, 3–4 × 4–5 mm. panthium campanulate, abaxially pilose. Sepals triangular, apex
Filaments yellow, subequal; anthers purple, subglobose. Ovary acute. Petals spreading, white or tinged reddish, broadly ovate
glabrous; styles 2, ca. 3 mm. Fruit bright scarlet, globose or or obovate, 4–5 mm and nearly as broad, base very shortly
obovoid, glabrous, 8–10 mm in diam.; pyrenes 2; sepals persis- clawed, apex obtuse or emarginate. Stamens 20, ca. as long as
tent at fruiting, suberect. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. or somewhat shorter than petals. Ovary pilose apically; styles 2
or 3, free, nearly equaling or lower than stamens. Fruit red,
● Open sunny situations among rocks, river valleys; 2400–3300 obovoid, 7–9 mm in diam.; pyrenes 2 or 3. Fl. May–Jun, fr.
m. Sichuan, S Xizang, Yunnan.
Aug–Sep. 2n = 68.
Comber (Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 99: 388. 1936) previously described
Grassy slopes, rocks, mountain summits; 1200–4000 m. W Si-
this species (but without a Latin description or diagnosis) from plants
chuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal].
grown from seeds collected by F. Kingdon Ward in Xizang in 1924.
Further study is necessary to determine the identity of Cotoneaster
43. Cotoneaster sherriffii G. Klotz, Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther- subalpinus G. Klotz, which might be synonymous with this taxon.
Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 12: 776. 1963.
45. Cotoneaster rubens W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard.
康巴栒子 kang ba xun zi Edinburgh 10: 24. 1917.
Cotoneaster ludlowii G. Klotz; C. muliensis G. Klotz; C. 红花栒子 hong hua xun zi
schlechtendalii G. Klotz. Shrubs deciduous to semievergreen, erect or prostrate,
Shrubs semievergreen, erect, to 1.5 m tall, with dense, 0.5–2 m tall, usually irregularly branched. Branchlets grayish
ascending branches. Branchlets grayish brown, initially sparse- black, terete, robust, initially strigose, glabrous when old.
ly accumbent strigose, glabrate, densely gray lenticellate when Petiole short, 1–2 mm, stout, pubescent; stipules caducous; leaf
old. Petiole 1–3 mm, villous; stipules lanceolate or linear-lan- blade suborbicular or broadly elliptic, (0.8–)1–2.3 × (0.6–)0.8–
ceolate, 2–3 mm, membranous, villous; leaf blade dark green 1.8 cm, veins raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, abax-
adaxially, oblong-obovate, rarely oblanceolate, 6–12 × 4–8 ially densely yellow tomentose, adaxially glabrous, base round-
mm, subleathery, abaxially densely yellowish gray appressed ed, apex obtuse or mucronate, rarely acute. Inflorescences usu-
villous, adaxially villous, base cuneate, apex obtuse and mucro- ally 1-flowered. Flowers 8–9 mm in diam., shortly pedicellate.
nate. Corymbs erect, 1–2.5 cm, 3–9(–11)-flowered; rachis and Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially pilose. Sepals triangular,
pedicels initially villous, glabrescent. Flowers 9–10 mm in 1–2 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex ± obtuse. Petals erect, dark red, or-
diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially ± villous. Sepals tri- bicular to broadly obovate, 4–5 mm in diam., apex obtuse. Sta-
angular, apex acute. Petals white or pinkish, suborbicular, 3–4 mens 20, shorter than petals. Ovary pilose apically; styles 2 or
mm in diam., adaxially puberulous near base, base broadly 3, free, somewhat not exceeding stamens. Fruit red, obovoid, 8–
clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens shorter than petals. Carpels 1 or 9 mm in diam.; pyrenes 2 or 3. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct.
2; styles not exceeding stamens. Fruit red, globose, 5–7 mm in Dense forests on slopes, forest margins, grasslands, rocky places;
 ROSACEAE

3000–4100 m. W Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, N Myan- 匍匐栒子 pu fu xun zi

mar].
Cotoneaster horizontalis Decaisne var. adpressus (Bois)
1a. Leaf blade 10–23 × 8–18 mm, apex obtuse C. K. Schneider; C. taoensis G. Klotz.
or mucronate, sometimes acute; fruit
Shrubs deciduous, prostrate, irregularly branched. Branch-
usually with 2 or 3 pyrenes ....................... 45a. var. rubens
lets reddish brown or grayish brown to grayish black, terete,
1b. Leaf blade 8–10 × 6–8 mm, apex obtuse
slender, initially strigose, glabrous when old. Petiole 1–2 mm,
or slightly mucronate; fruit usually with
glabrous or pilose; stipules caducous, subulate, nearly as long
3 pyrenes ................................................ 45b. var. minimus
as petioles; leaf blade broadly ovate or obovate, rarely elliptic,
45a. Cotoneaster rubens var. rubens 5–15 × 4–10 mm, thinly papery, midvein raised abaxially and
impressed adaxially, abaxially sparsely pubescent or glabrous,
红花栒子(原变种) hong hua xun zi (yuan bian zhong)
adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire and undulate,
Cotoneaster notabilis G. Klotz. apex obtuse or ± acute. Inflorescences 1- or 2-flowered. Flow-
ers subsessile, 7–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate,
Leaf blade 1–2.3 × 0.8–1.8 cm, apex obtuse and mucr- abaxially sparsely pubescent. Sepals ovate-triangular, apex
onate, sometimes acute. Fruit usually with 2 or 3 pyrenes. acute, shorter than petals. Petals erect, pink, obovate, 4–5 mm
Dense forests on slopes, forest margins, grasslands; 3000–4100 m. and nearly as broad, apex emarginate or obtuse. Stamens ca.
SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, N Myanmar]. 10–15, shorter than petals. Ovary pubescent apically; styles 2,
free, not exceeding stamens. Fruit bright red, subglobose, 7–9
45b. Cotoneaster rubens var. minimus T. T. Yu, Acta Phyto-
mm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes 2, rarely 3. Fl. May–Jun, fr.
tax. Sin. 8: 220. 1963.
Aug–Sep. 2n = 68.
小叶红花栒子 xiao ye hong hua xun zi Mixed forests on slopes, rocky places; 1900–4000 m. Gansu, Gui-
Leaf blade 8–10 × 6–8 mm, apex obtuse or slightly mucro- zhou, Hubei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [India, Myan-
nate. Fruit usually with 3 pyrenes. mar, Nepal].

● Rocky places. W Sichuan. 48. Cotoneaster subadpressus T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8:
Zhou & Wu (Acta Bot. Yunnan. 23: 29–36. 2001) treated this
219. 1963.
variety as a synonym of Cotoneaster buxifolius. 高山栒子 gao shan xun zi
46. Cotoneaster uniflorus Bunge in Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 2: Shrubs deciduous or semievergreen, prostrate, low.
220. 1830. Branchlets grayish black when old, stout, initially densely pi-
单花栒子 dan hua xun zi lose, glabrous when old. Petiole 1–2 mm, pilose; stipules cadu-
cous, linear or subulate; leaf blade suborbicular or broadly
Cotoneaster integerrimus Medikus var. uniflorus (Bunge) ovate, 4–8(–12) mm and ca. as broad, thickly leathery, midvein
C. K. Schneider; C. vulgaris Lindley var. uniflorus (Bunge) raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, lateral veins incon-
Regel. spicuous, both surfaces and margin initially pubescent, glabrous
Shrubs deciduous, sometimes prostrate, 30–40(–100) cm when old, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin thick, apex
tall, spreading. Branchlets grayish brown to grayish black, obtuse or acute. Inflorescences 1-flowered. Flowers 4–6 mm in
terete, slender, initially densely yellow pubescent, gradually diam., subsessile or shortly pedicellate. Hypanthium campanu-
glabrescent. Petiole (2.5–)3–5 mm, puberulous; stipules pur- late, abaxially pubescent. Sepals triangular, apex acute or ob-
plish red, lanceolate, pilose; leaf blade usually ovate, rarely tuse. Petals erect, pink, obovate or suborbicular, 3–4 × 2–3 mm,
ovate-elliptic, 1.8–3.5 × 1.3–2.5 cm, abaxially initially tomen- base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens 15–20, shorter than
tose, subglabrous when old, adaxially glabrous, base broadly petals. Ovary pubescent apically; styles 2, free, somewhat not
cuneate to rounded, apex acute, rarely ± obtuse or emarginate. exceeding stamens. Fruit ovoid, 5–6 mm in diam.; pyrenes 2.
Inflorescences axillary, 1(or 2)-flowered. Pedicel very short, Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 68*.
pilose. Flowers 7–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, ● Rocky slopes of high mountains, coniferous forests, forest mar-
abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular, longer than or nearly as gins; 3000–3600 m. Sichuan, W Yunnan.
long as petals, margin sometimes with few shallow teeth, apex
49. Cotoneaster horizontalis Decaisne, Fl. Serres Jard. Eur.
± obtuse or acute. Petals erect, pink, suborbicular, 3–3.5 mm
22: 168. 1877.
and ca. as broad, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens
15–20, shorter than petals. Ovary pubescent apically; styles 2 平枝栒子 ping zhi xun zi
or 3(or 4), free, not exceeding stamens. Fruit red, globose, 6–
7(–10) mm in diam.; pyrenes (2 or)3(or 4). Fl. May–Jun, fr. Shrubs deciduous or semievergreen, procumbent, usually
Aug–Sep. 2n = 34. to 50 cm tall, sometimes taller, with horizontally spreading,
distichously much branched stems. Branchlets blackish brown,
Forests; 1000–2100 m. Qinghai, Xinjiang [NW Mongolia, Rus- terete, initially strigose, glabrous when old. Petiole 1–3 mm,
sia].
pubescent; stipules caducous, brown, subulate or lanceolate, 2–
47. Cotoneaster adpressus Bois in Vilmorin & Bois, Frutic. 4 mm, puberulous; leaf blade suborbicular or broadly elliptic,
Vilm. 116. 1904.
 ROSACEAE

rarely obovate, 6–14 × 4–9 mm, midvein raised abaxially and ± brown, terete, slender, initially strigose, glabrous when old.
impressed adaxially, abaxially sparsely accumbent pubescent, Petiole 1–2(–3) mm, pubescent; stipules caducous, linear-lan-
adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, apex usually acute. Inflores- ceolate, 2–5 mm, slightly pubescent; leaf blade elliptic or
cences 1- or 2-flowered. Pedicel short to nearly absent. Flowers broadly elliptic, rarely obovate, 0.7–2 cm × 5–10 mm, midvein
5–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially sparsely raised abaxially and ± impressed adaxially, both surfaces initi-
pubescent. Sepals triangular, 1–1.5 × 1–2 mm, apex acute. ally pubescent, adaxially subglabrous when old, base broadly
Petals erect, pink, reddish, or whitish, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, base cuneate, apex acute, rarely ± obtuse, sometimes mucronate.
shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 12, shorter than petals. Inflorescences 5–6 mm in diam., 2–4-flowered; bracts cadu-
Ovary pilose apically; styles (2 or)3, free, not exceeding sta- cous, linear-lanceolate, slightly pubescent. Pedicel 1–2 mm,
mens. Fruit bright red, subglobose or ellipsoid, (3–)5–7 mm in sparsely pubescent. Flowers 3–4 mm. Hypanthium sparsely
diam.; pyrenes 3, rarely 2. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. pubescent abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1–2 mm, apex acute.
Petals erect, pink, ovate or oblong, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, base shortly
Thickets, rocks, rocky slopes, dry mountain areas; 1500–3500 m.
Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xi- clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens 10–15, shorter than petals. Ovary
zang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Nepal]. pubescent apically; styles 2, free, not exceeding stamens. Fruit
red, ellipsoid, 5–7 mm in diam., sparsely pubescent; pyrenes (1
Plants with somewhat larger leaves, clearly and very strikingly
or)2(or 3). Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.
variegated with white, have been described as Cotoneaster horizontalis
var. variegatus Osborn (Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 72: 351. 1922). They are ● Rocky slopes, gullies, forests, shrubwoods, thickets; 1600–3400
grown as ornamentals, particularly in rock gardens. m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan,
Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
1a. Fruit subglobose, 5–7 mm in diam.,
with 3 pyrenes, rarely only 2 ............ 49a. var. horizontalis 51. Cotoneaster langei G. Klotz, Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-
1b. Fruit ellipsoid, 3–4 mm in diam., Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 21: 1000. 1972.
usually with 2 pyrenes ....................... 49b. var. perpusillus
中甸栒子 zhong dian xun zi
49a. Cotoneaster horizontalis var. horizontalis
Shrubs deciduous or semievergreen, erect or partly pros-
平枝栒子(原变种) ping zhi xun zi (yuan bian zhong) trate, to 1 m tall. Branchlets brown or purplish brown to black-
ish brown, terete, initially yellow strigose, glabrous when old.
Cotoneaster acuminatus Lindley var. prostratus Hooker Petiole 1–2 mm, densely strigose-villous; stipules partly persis-
ex Decaisne; C. symonsii Loudon ex Koehne; Diospyros tent, subulate, 1–2 mm, membranous; leaf blade dark green
chaffanjonii H. Léveillé.
adaxially, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 7–14 × 6–13 mm,
Leaf blade 6–14 mm, not variegated with white. Fruit sub- subleathery, abaxially initially densely strigose-villous, gla-
globose, 5–7 mm in diam.; pyrenes 3, rarely 2. brate, adaxially shiny, initially yellowish villous, glabrescent,
lateral veins 3–5 pairs, slightly impressed adaxially, base round-
Thickets, rocky slopes, dry mountain areas; 2000–3500 m. Gansu,
ed or broadly cuneate, apex obtuse and mucronate, rarely emar-
Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan,
ginate or acute. Inflorescences 1-flowered. Pedicel very short or
Zhejiang [Nepal].
indistinct, strigose-villous. Flower 5–7 mm in diam. Hypan-
Further study is necessary to determine the identities of Coto- thium campanulate, abaxially strigose-villous. Sepals broadly
neaster atropurpureus Flinck & B. Hylmö and C. flinckii J. Fryer & B. triangular, 1–2 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acute or ± obtuse. Petals
Hylmö, which might be synonymous with this taxon. erect, pink, suborbicular, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse.
49b. Cotoneaster horizontalis var. perpusillus C. K. Schnei- Stamens 10–12. Styles 2, free. Fruit dark red, ovoid-globose, 8–
der, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 745. 1906. 9 mm in diam., sparsely strigose-villous; pyrenes 2, ovoid. Fl.
May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
小叶平枝栒子 xiao ye ping zhi xun zi
● Thickets, coniferous forests, rocky slopes; 3000–3500 m. SW
Cotoneaster distichus Lange var. perpusillus (C. K. Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
Schneider) C. K. Schneider; C. perpusillus (C. K. Schneider)
Further study is necessary to determine the identity of Cotoneaster
Flinck & Hylmö.
ganghobaensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö, which might be synonymous with
Leaf blade 6–8 mm, not variegated with white. Fruit ellip- this taxon.
soid, 5–6 × 3–4 mm; pyrenes usually 2. 2n = 68*. 52. Cotoneaster chengkangensis T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin.
● Rocks, rocky slopes; 1500–2500 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, 8: 220. 1963.
Sichuan.
镇康栒子 zhen kang xun zi
50. Cotoneaster divaricatus Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sar-
Cotoneaster strigosus G. Klotz.
gent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 157. 1912.
Shrubs deciduous, to 2 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown to
散生栒子 san sheng xun zi
grayish black, terete, initially densely yellow strigose, glabrous
Shrubs deciduous, erect, 1–2 m tall, sparsely branched. when old, inconspicuously verruculose. Petiole 1–3 mm, pu-
Branchlets spreading, dark reddish brown or dark grayish bescent; stipules linear-lanceolate, nearly as long as or slightly
 ROSACEAE

longer than petioles, membranous, puberulous; leaf blade ovate 4–5 mm; pyrenes 2 or 3. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep.
or broadly elliptic to suborbicular, (0.8–)1–2 × 0.7–1.5 cm, both ● Slopes, thickets; 2300–2900 m. W Sichuan, SE Xizang.
surfaces appressed pilose, more densely so adaxially, base
broadly cuneate to subrounded, apex acute, sometimes mucro- 55. Cotoneaster nitidus Jacques, J. Soc. Imp. Centr. Hortic. 5:
nate. Inflorescences 2- or 3-flowered; bracts linear or lanceo- 516. 1859.
late, nearly as long as or slightly longer than pedicels. Flowers 两列栒子 liang lie xun zi
6–7 mm in diam. Pedicel 3–4 mm, pilose. Hypanthium cam-
panulate, abaxially puberulous. Sepals triangular, 1–1.5 × 1.5–2 Shrubs deciduous or semievergreen, erect, to 2.5 m tall.
mm, apex acute. Petals erect, pinkish, ovate or obovate, 3–4 × Branchlets ± dichotomously arranged, grayish brown when old,
2–3 mm, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens 15–20, terete, initially densely yellow strigose, gradually glabrescent.
shorter than petals. Ovary pilose apically; styles 4 or 5, free, Petiole 1–3 mm, villous; stipules persistent, lanceolate, 2–4
somewhat not exceeding stamens. Fruit usually nodding, red, mm, pilose; leaf blade broadly ovate or broadly obovate, (0.4–
ellipsoid, 8–9 × 5–7 mm, shortly puberulous, glabrous when )0.8–1.5(–2.5) × (0.5–)0.7–1.3(–1.8) cm, midvein raised abax-
old; pyrenes usually 3. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. ially and impressed adaxially, both surfaces appressed villous,
more densely so adaxially, base rounded or broadly cuneate,
● Rocky places, alongside ditches; 2300–3400 m. W Yunnan. apex acute and mucronate, rarely obtuse. Inflorescences 1-
flowered. Pedicel 1–2 mm. Flower 5–7 mm in diam. Hypan-
53. Cotoneaster nitens Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl.
thium campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals broadly triangu-
Wilson. 1: 156. 1912.
lar, 1–2 × 2–3 mm, apex ± acute or obtuse. Petals erect, white
光泽栒子 guang ze xun zi or stained reddish, ovate or suborbicular, 3–4 mm in diam.,
apex obtuse. Stamens 20, shorter than petals. Ovary pubescent
Shrubs deciduous, 2–4 m tall, much branched. Branchlets
apically; styles (2 or)3(or 4), free, somewhat not exceeding
grayish brown to grayish black, terete, initially strigose, gla-
stamens. Fruit nodding, red, broadly obovoid, 7–8 mm in diam.,
brous when old. Petiole 2–3 mm, villous, sometimes subgla-
shortly puberulous; pyrenes (2 or)3(or 4). Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–
brous; stipules partly persistent, linear, pubescent; leaf blade Oct.
ovate or elliptic, 1–2 × 0.7–1.5 cm, abaxially initially villous,
subglabrous when old, adaxially lustrous, glabrous, base round- Thickets, forests, grassy slopes, mountain regions and valleys;
ed or broadly cuneate, apex obtuse, rarely acute, sometimes 1600–4000 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, N Myan-
mar, Nepal, Sikkim].
mucronate or emarginate. Corymbs 1–2 cm, 2- or 3(–8)-flow-
ered; rachis and pedicels villous; bracts linear, pubescent. Pedi- 1a. Leaf blade 4–7 × 5–6 mm, apex obtuse
cel 2–4 mm. Flowers 7–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium sparsely or emarginate ...................................... 55c. var. parvifolius
villous abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1–2 × 1.5–2.5 mm, shorter 1b. Leaf blade 8–15(–25) × 7–13(–18) mm,
than petals, apex acute or ± obtuse. Petals pinkish, suborbicular apex acute.
or broadly obovate, 4–4.5 × 3–4 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens 10– 2a. Leaf blade 8–15(–20) × 7–13(–15)
12, shorter than petals. Ovary pubescent apically; styles often 2, mm, apex acute and abruptly
rarely 3, free, not exceeding stamens. Fruit purplish black, mucronate, rarely obtuse ................... 55a. var. nitidus
ellipsoid, 6–8 mm in diam., shiny, glabrous; pyrenes 1 or 2. Fl. 2b. Leaf blade 12–25 × 12–18 mm, apex
May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 68*. acute and shortly mucronate ...... 55b. var. duthieanus
● Slopes, river banks, mixed forests; 1900–3000 m. W Sichuan. 55a. Cotoneaster nitidus var. nitidus
54. Cotoneaster harrysmithii Flinck & Hylmö, Bot. Not. 115: 两列栒子(原变种) liang lie xun zi (yuan bian zhong)
29. 1962.
Cotoneaster distichus Lange; C. rupestris Charlton.
丹巴栒子 dan ba xun zi
Leaf blade 0.8–1.5(–2) × 0.7–1.3(–1.5) cm, apex acute and
Shrubs deciduous, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets sometimes nod-
ding, reddish brown when old, terete, initially grayish yellow abruptly mucronate, rarely obtuse.
strigose-villous, glabrous when old. Petiole 2–3 mm, strigose- Thickets, forests, grassy slopes, mountain valleys; 1600–4000 m.
villous; stipules subulate, 2–5 mm, pilose; leaf blade elliptic to Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, N Myanmar, Nepal, Sik-
ovate-elliptic, (0.7–)1.5–2 cm × 4–11 mm, lateral veins 3 or 4 kim].
pairs, slightly raised abaxially, both surfaces appressed strigose- 55b. Cotoneaster nitidus var. duthieanus (C. K. Schneider) T.
villous, more densely so abaxially, glabrescent, base cuneate or
T. Yu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 167. 1974.
somewhat rounded, apex acute to acuminate. Corymbs (2 or)3
(or 4)-flowered; rachis and pedicels villous; bracts subulate, 大叶两列栒子 da ye liang lie xun zi
sparsely villous. Pedicel 1–3 mm. Flowers 4–5 mm in diam. Cotoneaster distichus Lange var. duthieanus C. K.
Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially villous. Sepals triangular, Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 745. 1906; C. duthieanus
apex acute. Petals erect, pink or brownish red with white mar-
(C. K. Schneider) G. Klotz; C. forrestii G. Klotz.
gin, suborbicular, 2–3 × 1.5–2 mm, base cuneate, apex in-
curved. Stamens (10–)12(–14), 1.5–2 mm; filaments equal in Leaf blade 1.2–2.5 × 1.2–1.8 cm, apex acute and shortly
length; anthers yellowish white or pink. Styles 2 or 3, free, 1–2 mucronate.
mm. Fruit brownish black or black, ovoid or subglobose, 6–7 × Mountain regions; 2500–4000 m. NW Yunnan [N Myanmar].
 ROSACEAE

Further study is necessary to determine the identities of Coto- cm × 6–12 mm, both surfaces appressed pilose, glabrescent,
neaster cuspidatus Marquand ex J. Fryer & B. Hylmö and C. marquan- abaxially subglabrous, base broadly cuneate or rounded, apex
dii G. Klotz, which might be synonymous with this taxon. emarginate or partly mucronulate. Inflorescences usually 1-
55c. Cotoneaster nitidus var. parvifolius (T. T. Yu) T. T. Yu, flowered. Flowers 7–8 mm in diam., nearly sessile. Hypan-
Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 167. 1974. thium glabrous abaxially. Sepals ovate-triangular, 1.5–2.5 mm
and ca. as broad, apex ± obtuse. Petals erect, pink, suborbicular,
小叶两列栒子 xiao ye liang lie xun zi
4–4.5 mm in diam. Stamens 20, shorter than petals. Ovary
Cotoneaster distichus Lange var. parvifolius T. T. Yu, pubescent apically; styles 2, free, not exceeding stamens. Fruit
Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 1: 129. 1954; C. cavei G. red, globose, 7–8 mm in diam.; pyrenes often 2. Fl. May–Jun,
Klotz; C. cordifolius G. Klotz; C. nitidus subsp. cavei (G. fr. Sep–Oct.
Klotz) H. Ohashi.
Mixed forests on dry slopes, grasslands, fields, roadsides; 2800–
Leaf blade 4–7 × 5–6 mm, apex obtuse or emarginate. 3600 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Myanmar, Nepal,
Sikkim].
High mountain regions; 2700–3200 m. NW Yunnan [N Myan-
mar].
Further study is necessary to determine the identity of Cotoneaster
salwinensis G. Klotz, which might be synonymous with this taxon.

56. Cotoneaster taylorii T. T. Yu, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.)

Bot. 1: 129. 1954.
藏南栒子 zang nan xun zi
Cotoneaster nitidus Jacquin subsp. taylorii (T. T. Yu) H.
Ohashi.
Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, 2–3 m tall. Branchlets
grayish brown when old, terete, initially densely brownish
yellow strigose, glabrous when old. Petiole 2–3 mm, brownish
yellow pilose; stipules lanceolate, 1–2 mm, membranous,
brownish yellow pilose; leaf blade suborbicular or broadly
ovate, 1–1.2 cm × 9–10 mm, adaxially shiny, veins inconspic-
uously raised abaxially and slightly impressed adaxially, both
surfaces initially hirtellous, glabrous when old, base rounded,
rarely broadly cuneate, apex obtuse or acute. Inflorescences 2-
or 3-flowered; bracts lanceolate, 1–2 mm, membranous. Pedicel
3–5 mm, hirsute. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially usually
glabrous. Sepals broadly triangular, puberulous only along
margin, apex obtuse. Petals erect, dark red with white margin,
suborbicular, 3–3.5 mm in diam., base shortly clawed, apex
obtuse. Stamens ca. 10, shorter than petals, glabrous. Ovary
with dense, white hairs at apex; styles 2, free, not exceeding
stamens. Fruit red, obovoid; pyrenes 1 or 2. Fl. May–Jun, fr.
Jul–Aug.
● Stream sides, gully forests, thickets, river valleys; 3300–4200
m. E Xizang.

57. Cotoneaster verruculosus Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard.

Edinburgh 5: 272. 1912.
疣枝栒子 you zhi xun zi
Cotoneaster distichus Lange var. verruculosus (Diels) T.
T. Yu; C. improvisus G. Klotz.
Shrubs deciduous or semievergreen, erect, 0.6–2 m tall.
Branchlets initially dark reddish brown to grayish brown, dark
gray when old, terete, initially densely yellow strigose, glabrate,
conspicuously verruculose when old. Petiole 2–5 mm, pubes-
cent; stipules persistent, lanceolate, 2–6 mm, pubescent; leaf
blade suborbicular or broadly ovate to broadly obovate, 0.7–1.4
 ROSACEAE

58. Cotoneaster apiculatus Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, 59. Cotoneaster sanguineus T. T. Yu, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Pl. Wilson. 1: 156. 1912. Hist.) Bot. 1: 130. 1954.
细尖栒子 xi jian xun zi 血色栒子 xue se xun zi
Shrubs deciduous, erect, 1.5–2 m tall, irregularly branch- Shrubs deciduous, 2–3 m tall, much branched. Branchlets
ed. Branchlets dark grayish red to grayish brown, terete, initi- grayish brown or grayish black when old, terete, initially yel-
ally strigose, glabrescent. Petiole 1–3 mm, initially pubescent, lowish strigose, gradually glabrescent. Petiole 3–6 mm, pilose;
later glabrous; stipules caducous or partly persistent, linear-lan- stipules lanceolate, 2–4 mm, membranous, puberulous; leaf
ceolate, 2–3 mm, membranous; leaf blade suborbicular or blade ovate or elliptic-ovate, 1–2 cm × 7–12 mm, lateral veins 4
orbicular-ovate, rarely broadly obovate, 6–15 × 5–13 mm, or 5 pairs, somewhat raised abaxially and slightly impressed
midvein and 2 pairs of lateral veins somewhat raised abaxially adaxially, abaxially pilose, adaxially shiny, yellowish pilose,
and slightly impressed adaxially, abaxially initially appressed glabrous when old, base broadly cuneate or rounded, apex
strigose-pilose along veins, glabrate, adaxially lustrous, gla- acute, rarely obtuse. Inflorescences usually 1-flowered; bracts
brous, base broadly cuneate or rounded, apex apiculate, rarely lanceolate, somewhat longer than pedicels. Flower subsessile,
emarginate. Inflorescences 1-flowered. Pedicel short. Hypan- to 1 cm in diam. Hypanthium red, campanulate, abaxially gla-
thium glabrous or subglabrous abaxially. Sepals triangular, 1.5– brous. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2.5 × 2–3 mm, apex acute or ob-
2 mm and ca. as broad, apex shortly acuminate. Petals erect, tuse. Petals erect or spreading, red, broadly obovate, 4–5 mm
pinkish, suborbicular, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Fruit and ca. as broad, glabrous, base shortly broadly clawed, apex
solitary, erect, red, subglobose, 7–8 mm in diam.; pyrenes (2 obtuse. Stamens 10, somewhat shorter than petals. Ovary yel-
or)3. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 68*. low pubescent apically; styles 2, free, not exceeding stamens.
Fruit red, subglobose; pyrenes 2. Fl. Jun–Jul.
● Roadsides on slopes, forests, upland thickets, forest margins,
open places, ditch sides, rocky cliffs; 1500–3300 m. Gansu, Hubei, Slopes, gullies, thickets, rocks, forests; 3200–4100 m. SE Xizang,
Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan. NW Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Nepal].
Further study is necessary to determine the identity of Cotoneaster
sichuanensis G. Klotz, which might be synonymous with this taxon.

11. PYRACANTHA M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 3: 104, 219. 1847.
火棘属 huo ji shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Stephen A. Spongberg
Sportella Hance.
Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, usually with thorny branches; buds small, pubescent. Leaves simple, alternate or fascicled,
shortly petiolate or sessile, venation camptodromous, margin crenulate, serrulate, or entire; stipules caducous, minute. Inflorescences
compound corymbs; hypanthium short. Sepals 5. Petals 5, spreading, white, usually suborbicular, base shortly clawed. Stamens 15–
20; anthers yellow. Carpels 5, basally ca. 1/2 adnate to hypanthium, apically free; ovary 5-loculed, semi-inferior, with 2 ovules per
locule; styles 5, free. Pome red or orange, globose, with persistent incurved sepals at apex; pyrenes (nutlets) 5.
About ten species: E Asia to SE Europe; seven species (five endemic) in China.

Further study is necessary to determine the placement of the recently described species, P. heterophylla T. B. Chao & Zhi X. Chen (Bull. Bot.
Res., Harbin 17: 302. 1997) and P. stoloniformis T. B. Chao & Zhi X. Chen (loc. cit.: 301).

1a. Corymbs dense; pedicel 1–2 mm; hypanthium abaxially densely tomentose.
2a. Leaf apically acute, blade oblong to oblong-obovate; petiole 4–6(–9) mm; branches usually unarmed ................ 6. P. inermis
2b. Leaf apically obtuse or truncate, blade obovate to obovate-elliptic; petiole to 2 mm; branches with short
thorns ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7. P. densiflora
1b. Corymbs loose; pedicel 4–10 mm; hypanthium glabrous or abaxially slightly pubescent.
3a. Leaves abaxially densely tomentose ................................................................................................................. 5. P. angustifolia
3b. Leaves abaxially glabrous or pubescent.
4a. Leaf margin crenulate, apex acute, apiculate, or obtuse, blade oblong or oblanceolate, rarely ovate-
lanceolate ......................................................................................................................................................... 4. P. crenulata
4b. Leaf margin crenate-serrate, serrulate, or entire, apex obtuse, emarginate, or slightly apiculate, blade
usually obovate to obovate-oblong.
5a. Leaf blade crenate-serrate at margin, broadest in apical part ................................................................ 1. P. fortuneana
5b. Leaf blade usually entire at margin, sometimes serrulate, broadest at or near middle.
6a. Leaf apically usually slightly apiculate or obtuse, abaxially glaucescent, blade usually elliptic
or oblong ....................................................................................................................................... 2. P. atalantioides
 ROSACEAE

6b. Leaf apically emarginate or truncate, abaxially pubescent, blade usually narrowly elliptic to
narrowly obovate ............................................................................................................................... 3. P. koidzumii

1. Pyracantha fortuneana (Maximowicz) H. L. Li, J. Arnold May, fr. Sep–Nov.

Arbor. 25: 420. 1944.
● Slopes, valleys, among shrubs, open forests; 500–1700 m.
火棘 huo ji Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan.

Photinia fortuneana Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. 3. Pyracantha koidzumii (Hayata) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1:
Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 19: 179. 1874; P. crenatoserrata 261. 1920.
Hance; Pyracantha crenatoserrata (Hance) Rehder; P. yun-
台湾火棘 tai wan huo ji
nanensis Chittenden.
Shrubs to 3 m tall. Lateral branches short, thornlike; young Cotoneaster koidzumii Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ.
branchlets rusty pubescent, dark brown and glabrescent when Tokyo 30(1): 101. 1911; C. formosanus Hayata; C. taitoensis
old. Petiole glabrous or initially slightly pubescent; stipules not Hayata; Pyracantha formosana Kanehira; P. koidzumii var.
seen; leaf blade obovate or obovate-oblong, 1.5–6 × 0.5–2 cm, taitoensis (Hayata) Masamune.
both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate, margin serrate with teeth Shrubs caespitose. Branchlets dark gray, often thornlike,
incurved, apex obtuse or emarginate, sometimes shortly apicu- initially pubescent, glabrous when old. Leaves usually 3–5-
late. Compound corymb rather loose, 3–4 cm in diam.; pe- fascicled; petioles ca. 3 mm, puberulous; leaf blade narrowly
duncle subglabrous; bracts caducous, lanceolate. Pedicel ca. 1 elliptic to narrowly obovate, 3–4.5 × 0.7–1.2 cm, abaxially
cm, subglabrous. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Hypanthium cam- glaucescent, densely pubescent when young, glabrescent, adax-
panulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular, 1–1.5 mm, gla- ially glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex slightly emar-
brous, margin entire, apex obtuse. Petals suborbicular, ca. 4 × 3 ginate or truncate. Corymb 3–4 cm in diam., many flowered;
mm, apex rounded or obtuse. Stamens 20; filaments 3–4 mm. peduncle sparsely pubescent; bracts caducous, lanceolate.
Ovary densely white pubescent apically; styles ca. as long as Pedicel 5–11 mm, sparsely pubescent. Flowers 8–10 mm in
stamens. Pome orangish red or dark red, subglobose, ca. 5 mm; diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially densely pubescent.
fruiting pedicel 2–5 mm; sepals persistent, erect. Fl. Mar–May, Sepals triangular, 1–1.2 mm, abaxially densely pubescent when
fr. Aug–Nov. 2n = 34*. young, apex acute. Petals suborbicular or broadly elliptic, 3.5–4
● Thickets, stream sides, roadsides; 500–2800 m. Fujian, Guang- × 3–4 mm, apex slightly emarginate. Stamens 20; filaments 2–3
xi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, mm. Ovary pubescent; styles nearly as long as stamens. Pome
Yunnan, Zhejiang. orangish red, depressed-globose, 4–5 mm. Fr. Aug–Nov.
2. Pyracantha atalantioides (Hance) Stapf, Bot. Mag. 151: t. ● Rocky valley areas, seashores, thickets, among shrubs. Taiwan.
9099. 1926.
4. Pyracantha crenulata (D. Don) M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn.
全缘火棘 quan yuan huo ji Monogr. 3: 220. 1847.
Sportella atalantioides Hance, J. Bot. 15: 207. 1877; 细圆齿火棘 xi yuan chi huo ji
Crataegus pyracantha Hemsley; Mespilus loureiroi Kostelet-
zky; Pyracantha discolor Rehder; P. gibbsii A. B. Jackson; P. Shrubs or small trees, to 5 m tall, with thorny branches.
loureiroi (Kosteletzky) Merrill. Branches dark brown when old, initially rusty pubescent, gla-
brous when old. Petiole 3–6 mm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong or
Shrubs or small trees, to 6 m tall, with thorny branches, oblanceolate, rarely ovate-lanceolate, 2–7 × 0.8–1.8 cm, both
rarely unarmed. Branchlets initially yellowish brown or gray surfaces glabrous, base broadly cuneate or slightly rounded,
pubescent, glabrous when old. Petiole ca. 2.5 mm, usually margin crenulate or sparsely so, apex acute or obtuse. Com-
glabrous, sometimes pubescent; leaf blade elliptic or oblong, pound corymb 3–5 cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle initi-
rarely oblong-obovate, 1.5–4 × 1–1.6 cm, both surfaces initially ally brown pubescent basally, glabrescent; bracts caducous, lan-
yellowish brown pubescent, glabrescent, abaxially becoming ceolate. Pedicel 4–10 mm, glabrous. Flowers 6–9 mm in diam.
slightly glaucescent, lateral veins dense, base broadly cuneate Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous. Sepals triangular, 1–1.2
or rounded, margin usually entire, sometimes inconspicuously
mm, abaxially glabrous, apex acute. Petals orbicular, 4–5 × 3–
serrulate, apex apiculate or obtuse, sometimes slightly aristate.
4 mm, apex rounded. Stamens 20; filaments 2–3 mm. Ovary
Compound corymb loose, 3–4 in diam., many flowered; pe-
densely white pubescent apically; styles nearly as long as sta-
duncle yellowish brown pubescent; bracts caducous, lanceolate.
mens. Pome orangish yellow or orangish red when mature,
Pedicel 5–10 mm, yellowish brown pubescent. Flowers 8–10
nearly globose, 3–8 mm in diam.; sepals persistent, erect. Fl.
mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, pubescent. Sepals
Mar–May, fr. Aug–Nov.
triangular or broadly elliptic, 1–1.5 mm, abaxially sparsely pu-
bescent, apex obtuse. Petals ovate, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, apex slightly Slopes, roadsides, stream sides, among shrubs, grassy places,
apiculate. Stamens 20; filaments ca. 3 mm. Ovary densely valleys; 700–2500 m. Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei,
white tomentose apically; styles nearly as long as stamens. Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan,
Pome bright red, depressed-globose, 4–5 mm in diam.; fruiting India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal].
pedicel 5–10 mm, glabrous; sepals persistent, erect. Fl. Apr–
 ROSACEAE

1a. Plant to 5 m tall, with few thorny branches; 6. Pyracantha inermis Vidal, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 301.
leaf blade 2–7 × 0.8–1.8 cm; pome 1948.
orangish yellow or orangish red ............. 4a. var. crenulata
1b. Plant to 2 m tall, with several thorny 澜沧火棘 lan cang huo ji
branches; leaf blade 1–2.5 × 0.4–0.8 Pyracantha mekongensis T. T. Yu.
cm; pome red ........................................ 4b. var. kansuensis
Shrubs to 1 m tall, usually unarmed, with dense, short
4a. Pyracantha crenulata var. crenulata branches. Branches grayish brown, rusty tomentose distally
细圆齿火棘(原变种) xi yuan chi huo ji (yuan bian zhong) when young, soon glabrescent. Leaves fasciculate on short
branches; petioles 4–9 mm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong to ob-
Mespilus crenulata D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 238. 1825; long-obovate, 3–4.5 × 1–1.3 cm, both surfaces glabrous, mid-
Cotoneaster crenulatus (D. Don) K. Koch; Crataegus crenulata vein prominent abaxially, impressed adaxially, base cuneate,
(D. Don) Roxburgh; Crataegus pyracantha var. crenulata (D. margin crenate, teeth incurved apically, apex acute. Corymb
Don) Loudon; Pyracantha chinensis M. Roemer. dense, terminal on short shoots, 2–3 cm diam., many flowered;
peduncle rusty tomentose; bracts caducous, lanceolate. Pedicel
Shrubs or small trees, to 5 m tall, with few thorny branch-
1–3 mm, stout, rusty tomentose. Flowers 8–10 mm in diam.
es. Leaf blade oblong or oblanceolate, rarely ovate-lanceolate,
Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially densely rusty tomentose.
2–7 × 0.8–1.8 cm. Pome orangish yellow or orangish red, sub-
Sepals triangular. 1–1.2 mm, abaxially densely rusty tomentose,
globose, 3–8 mm in diam.
apex acute to acuminate. Petals ovate, apex rounded or
Slopes, roadsides, stream sides, among shrubs, grassy places; emarginate. Stamens 20; filaments 2–3 mm. Ovary densely
700–2400 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, white tomentose; styles nearly as long as stamens. Pome pur-
Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal]. plish brown, subglobose, ca. 5 mm in diam.; fruiting pedicels
4b. Pyracantha crenulata var. kansuensis Rehder, J. Arnold densely shortly tomentose. Fl. May.
Arbor. 4: 114. 1923. Sandy river banks; ca. 800 m. Yunnan [Laos].

细叶细圆齿火棘 xi ye xi yuan chi huo ji 7. Pyracantha densiflora T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 220.
1963.
Shrubs to 2 m tall, with several thorny branches. Leaf
密花火棘 mi hua huo ji
blade oblong to obovate-lanceolate, 1–2.5 cm × 4–8 mm. Pome
red, globose, ca. 5 mm in diam. Shrubs. Branches with short thorns 1–2 cm; branchlets

● Valleys, roadsides, stream sides; 1500–2500 m. Gansu, Gui-

zhou, S Shaanxi (Qin Ling), Sichuan, Yunnan.

5. Pyracantha angustifolia (Franchet) C. K. Schneider, Ill.

Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 761. 1906.
窄叶火棘 zhai ye huo ji
Cotoneaster angustifolius Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 221.
1890.
Shrubs or small trees, to 4 m tall, often with thorny
branches. Branchlets purplish brown when old, densely grayish
yellow tomentose when young, glabrous when old. Petiole 1–
2.5 mm or leaves sessile; leaf blade narrowly oblong to ob-
lanceolate-oblong, 1.5–5 cm × 4–8 mm, abaxially densely gray
tomentose, adaxially initially gray tomentose, soon glabrescent,
base cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse, apiculate, or emar-
ginate. Compound corymb 2–4 cm diam., several flowered;
peduncle densely gray tomentose; bracts caducous, lanceolate.
Pedicel 1–2 mm, densely gray tomentose. Flowers ca. 2.5 mm
in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, densely gray tomentose.
Sepals triangular, 1–1.1 mm, abaxially densely gray tomentose,
apex acute. Petals suborbicular, ca. 4 mm, apex rounded or
emarginate. Stamens 20; filaments 1.5–2 mm. Ovary white
tomentose; styles nearly as long as stamens. Pome reddish,
depressed-globose, 5–6 mm in diam.; sepals persistent, erect.
Fl. May–Jun, fr. Oct–Dec.
● Thickets on slopes, at roadsides; 1600–3000 m. Guizhou, Hu-
bei, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
 ROSACEAE

purplish brown when old, densely rusty tomentose when young, cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially densely rusty
glabrous when old. Leaves dense, fasciculate on short branch- tomentose. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2 mm, abaxially rusty tomen-
lets; petiole short, not more than 2 mm, subglabrous; leaf blade tose, apex obtuse. Petals ovate, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, apex rounded or
obovate to obovate-elliptic, 1–1.8 cm × 6–9 mm, abaxially obtuse. Stamens 20; filaments shorter than petals, 1.5–2 mm.
brown tomentose, glabrescent, adaxially lustrous, base cuneate, Ovary densely white tomentose; styles nearly as long as sta-
margin crenulate, apex obtuse or truncate. Inflorescences 1.5– mens. Pome not seen. Fl. Jun–Jul.
2.5 cm; 6–10-flowered; peduncle absent; bracts caducous,
lanceolate. Pedicel densely rusty tomentose. Flowers 0.8–1.2 ● Thickets; ca. 1000 m. NW Guangxi (Longlin Xian).

12. CRATAEGUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 475. 1753.

山楂属 shan zha shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Stephen A. Spongberg
Shrubs, subshrubs, or small trees, deciduous, rarely evergreen, armed, rarely unarmed; buds ovoid or subglobose. Leaves sim-
ple, stipulate, venation craspedodromous, margin serrate and lobed or partite, rarely entire. Inflorescences corymbose, sometimes
flowers solitary. Hypanthium campanulate. Sepals 5. Petals 5, white, rarely pinkish. Stamens 5–25; carpels 1–5, connate, but free
apically. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, with 2 ovules per locule, but one rudimentary. Fruit a pome, with persistent sepals at apex;
carpels bony when mature, each locule with 1 seed; seed erect, cotyledons plano-convex.
At least 1000 species: N temperate regions, especially abundant in North America; 18 species (ten endemic) in China.
Crataegus biloba H. Léveillé, described from Guizhou, is Symplocos paniculata (Thunberg) Miquel in the Symplocaceae (see Fl. China 15: 252.
1996), under which it has been recognized as f. biloba (H. Léveillé) Rehder. Crataegus lyi H. Léveillé (Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 347. 1915), also described
from Guizhou, is the same species.

1a. Leaves deeply pinnatifid to more than 1/2 width of blade, some lateral veins extending to apices of lobes, some
to sinus between lobes.
2a. Fruit yellow or red, pyrenes (nutlets) with concave scars on 2 inner sides.
3a. Fruit golden-yellow, 8–10 mm in diam., pyrenes 4 or 5; leaves glabrous or slightly pubescent .................... 15. C. altaica
3b. Fruit red, 4–8 mm in diam., pyrenes 3–5; leaves glabrous ..................................................................... 16. C. remotilobata
2b. Fruit red or black, pyrenes smooth on 2 inner sides.
4a. Leaves cuneate, rarely broadly cuneate, with 2 or 3 pairs of lobes, subglabrous on both surfaces; fruit
black, pyrenes 2 or 3 .................................................................................................................................... 18. C. songarica
4b. Leaves truncate or broadly cuneate, with 3–5 pairs of lobes, pubescent along midvein and lateral veins;
fruit red, pyrenes 3–5 .................................................................................................................................... 1. C. pinnatifida
1b. Leaves lobed or not divided, lateral veins extending to apices of lobes or teeth only.
5a. Fruit black; inflorescence glabrous or nearly so.
6a. Pulp green; pyrenes 4 or 5, with concave scars on 2 inner sides; leaf blade triangular-ovate to broadly
ovate, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, with 3–5 pairs of lobes, pubescent on both surfaces ......... 17. C. chlorosarca
6b. Pulp yellow; pyrenes 2 or 3, smooth on 2 inner sides; leaf blade rhomboidal to broadly ovate, base
cuneate, sometimes broadly cuneate, with 2 or 3 pairs of lobes, subglabrous on both surfaces ................ 18. C. songarica
5b. Fruit red, rarely yellow; inflorescence pubescent or glabrous.
7a. Branches usually unarmed; leaf margin crenate-serrate or obtusely serrate, often not lobed, rarely
3–5-lobed on sterile branches ....................................................................................................................... 2. C. scabrifolia
7b. Branches armed, leaf blade lobed.
8a. Leaf margin crenate-serrate, with 2–4 pairs of lobes in apical part.
9a. Hypanthium and sepals abaxially glabrous; sepals entire ............................................................... 3. C. hupehensis
9b. Hypanthium and sepals abaxially densely pubescent; sepals 2–4-crenulate-serrate ..................... 4. C. shensiensis
8b. Leaf margin sharply serrate, often with 2–4 pairs of lobes in apical part, rarely only 3-lobed near apex.
10a. Pedicel and peduncle pubescent or tomentose.
11a. Leaf basally cuneate, margin apically incised or 3(–7)-lobed; pyrenes smooth on both inner
sides.
12a. Simple corymb 2–2.5 cm in diam., 5–7-flowered; petiole 4–5 mm ................................. 5. C. cuneata
12b. Compound corymb ca. 8 cm in diam.; 7–18-flowered; petiole 1.5–4 cm ............. 6. C. shandongensis
11b. Leaf basally broadly cuneate to rounded, margin with 3–7 pairs of lobes; pyrenes with
concave scars on both inner sides.
13a. Leaves adaxially subglabrous, abaxially sparsely pubescent.
14a. Thorns 6–10 mm; leaf petiole pilose or subglabrous, blade margin sharply
serrate; fruit ellipsoid, glabrous ................................................................................ 7. C. wilsonii
14b. Thorns 10–25 mm; leaf petiole glabrescent, blade margin doubly serrate; fruit
 ROSACEAE

subglobose, sparsely pubescent ................................................................................ 8. C. oresbia

13b. Leaves pubescent on both surfaces.
15a. Leaf basally cuneate or broadly cuneate, occasionally truncate; fruit globose,
red or purplish brown ...................................................................................... 9. C. maximowiczii
15b. Leaf basally rounded, truncate, or broadly cuneate; fruit subglobose,
orangish red ............................................................................................................ 10. C. aurantia
10b. Pedicel and peduncle glabrous.
16a. Leaf basally cuneate; fruit red, ca. 1 cm in diam. ................................................................. 11. C. sanguinea
16b. Leaf basally truncate or broadly cuneate; fruit yellow, orange, red, or black, not more
than 1 cm in diam.
17a. Ovary apically glabrous.
18a. Leaf blade rhombic-ovate or elliptic-ovate, with 3–5 pairs of lobes, apex
acuminate; fruit subglobose or oblong, orangish red ........................................... 12. C. dahurica
18b. Leaf blade broadly ovate, with 2–4 pairs of lobes, apex obtuse; fruit
ellipsoid, red ................................................................................................. 13. C. chungtienensis
17b. Ovary apically pubescent.
19a. Leaf blade with 5–7 pairs of lobes, margin densely serrate .............................. 14. C. kansuensis
19b. Leaf blade with 2–4 pairs of lobes, margin remotely serrate.
20a. Thorns usually absent; corymbs 3–4 cm in diam.; fruit yellow, 8–10 mm
in diam. ........................................................................................................... 15. C. altaica
20b. Thorns usually present; corymbs 6–7 cm in diam.; fruit red, 4–8 mm
in diam. .................................................................................................. 16. C. remotilobata
1. Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.- 1a. Crataegus pinnatifida var. pinnatifida
Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 11. 1835.
山楂(原变种) shan zha (yuan bian zhong)
山楂 shan zha
Crataegus oxyacantha Linnaeus var. pinnatifida Regel;
Trees deciduous, to 6 m tall, with thorns 1–2 cm or some- ?C. pinnatifida f. geholensis (C. K. Schneider) M. Kitagawa;
times unarmed. Branchlets purplish brown when young, grayish ?C. pinnatifida var. geholensis C. K. Schneider; C. pinnatifida
brown when old, terete, subglabrous or glabrous when young; var. songarica Dippel; Mespilus pinnatifida K. Koch; M. pin-
buds purplish red, triangular-ovoid, glabrous. Stipules falcate, natifida var. songarica (Dippel) Ascherson & Graebner.
ca. 8 mm, herbaceous, margin serrate, apex acuminate; petiole
Pedicel and peduncle pubescent. Fruit small, 1–1.5 cm.
2–6 cm, glabrous; leaf blade dark green adaxially, broadly
ovate or triangular-ovate, rarely rhomboidal-ovate, 5–10 × 4– Among shrubs, slopes; 100–1500 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan,
7.5 cm, lateral veins 6–10 pairs, usually extending to apices of Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhe-
lobes and to sinuses between lobes, abaxially sparsely pubes- jiang [Korea].
cent along veins, adaxially lustrous, base truncate or broadly 1b. Crataegus pinnatifida var. major N. E. Brown, Gard.
cuneate, with 3–5 pairs of lobes, margin sharply irregularly Chron., n.s., 26: 621. 1886.
doubly serrate, apex shortly acuminate. Corymb 4–6 cm in
diam., many flowered; peduncle initially pubescent, glabrate, 山里红 shan li hong
bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, membranous, apex acumi- Crataegus pinnatifida var. korolkowii (Ascherson &
nate. Pedicel 4–7 mm, initially pubescent, glabrescent. Flowers Graebner) Yabe; Mespilus korolkowii Ascherson & Graebner.
ca. 1.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially grayish
white pubescent. Sepals triangular-ovate to lanceolate, 4–5 mm, Pedicel and peduncle pubescent, glabrate. Fruit relatively
both surfaces glabrous, apex shortly acuminate. Petals white, large, ca. 2.5 cm in diam.
obovate or suborbicular, 7–8 × 5–6 mm. Stamens 20. Ovary 5- Cultivated in N, NE, and NW China [of cultivated origin].
loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 3–5, pubescent basally.
This taxon has been long cultivated as an important fruit tree.
Pome dark red, subglobose or pyriform, 1–2.5 cm in diam.,
glabrous; sepals persistent; pyrenes 3–5. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug– 1c. Crataegus pinnatifida var. psilosa C. K. Schneider, Ill.
Sep. 2n = 34*, 102*. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 769. 1906.
Among shrubs, slopes, also cultivated; 100–2000 m. Hebei, Hei- 无毛山楂 wu mao shan zha
longjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi,
Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Zhejiang [Korea].
Crataegus coreana H. Léveillé; C. pinnatifida f. psilosa
(C. K. Schneider) M. Kitagawa.
1a. Pedicel and peduncle glabrous ................... 1c. var. psilosa
Pedicel and peduncle glabrous. 2n = 34*.
1b. Pedicel and peduncle pubescent.
2a. Fruit small, 1–1.5 cm in diam. ..... 1a. var. pinnatifida Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Korea].
2b. Fruit larger, ca. 2.5 cm in diam. .......... 1b. var. major 2. Crataegus scabrifolia (Franchet) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor.
 ROSACEAE

12: 71. 1931. 陕西山楂 shaan xi shan zha

云南山楂 yun nan shan zha Shrubs. Branchlets reddish brown when young, dark
brown when old, terete, glabrous; buds and stipules not seen.
Pyrus scabrifolia Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 229. 1890; Cra-
Petiole 1.5–2.5 cm, glabrous; leaves proximally on branches
taegus bodinieri H. Léveillé; C. henryi Dunn.
obovate or suborbicular, distal ones broadly ovate or oblong-
Trees deciduous, to 10 m tall; branches usually unarmed. ovate, 6–9 × 2.5–7.7 cm, abaxially barbate in axils, adaxially
Branchlets purplish brown when young, grayish brown when only with few hairs along veins, base cuneate or subrounded,
old, terete, initially glabrous or subglabrous; buds purplish red, margin irregularly crenate-serrate, with 1 pair of lobes broadly
triangular-ovoid, glabrous. Stipules caducous, linear-lanceolate, ovate or oblong-ovate, apex acute or acuminate. Compound
ca. 8 mm, membranous, glabrous, margin glandular serrate, corymb ca. 4 cm in diam., several flowered; peduncle glabrous;
apex acuminate; petiole 1.5–4 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate- bracts not seen. Pedicel 4.5–11 mm, glabrous. Flowers not seen.
lanceolate to ovate-elliptic or rhombic-ovate, 4–3 × 2.5–4.5 cm, Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous. Sepals triangular or lan-
abaxially villous only along midvein and lateral veins, pilose or ceolate, adaxially pubescent, after anthesis revolute, margin
subglabrous, adaxially slightly pubescent when young, gla- entire or 2–4-crenulate at apical part, apex acuminate. Petals or-
brescent, base cuneate, margin sparsely irregularly and doubly bicular or broadly ovate, 5–7 mm. Stamens 20. Ovary pubes-
obtusely serrate, usually not lobed or those of sterile shoots cent apically, 5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 5, pu-
sparsely irregularly 3–5-lobed apically, apex acute. Corymb or bescent basally. Pome not seen. 2n = 34*.
compound corymb, 4–5 cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle
● Shaanxi.
glabrous; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, membranous. Ped-
icel 5–10 mm, glabrous. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm in diam. Hypan- Further study is necessary to document the characters of flowers
thium campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular-ovate and fruit.
or triangular-lanceolate, 3–4 mm, abaxially glabrous. Petals 5. Crataegus cuneata Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys.
white, suborbicular or obovate, ca. 8 × 6 mm. Stamens 20. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(2): 130. 1843.
Ovary grayish white tomentose apically; styles 3–5. Pome yel-
low or reddish, depressed-globose, 1.5–2.5 cm in diam., gla- 野山楂 ye shan zha
brous; sepals persistent; pyrenes 5, smooth on both inner sides. Shrubs deciduous, to 15 m tall, usually with slender thorns
Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 34*. 5–8 mm. Branchlets purplish brown when young, grayish
● Margins of Pinus forests, among shrubs, mixed river side brown when old, terete, initially pubescent, glabrous when old;
forests; 1500–3000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan. buds purplish brown, triangular-ovoid, glabrous, apex obtuse.
Stipules falcate, large, 5–8 mm, herbaceous, glabrous, margin
3. Crataegus hupehensis Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 178. 1912.
serrate, apex acute; petiole 4–5 mm, narrowly winged or not,
湖北山楂 hu bei shan zha glabrous; leaf blade broadly obovate to obovate-oblong or obo-
vate-elliptic, 2–6 × 1–4.5 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent,
Crataegus hupehensis var. flavida S. Y. Wang.
densely so along veins, glabrescent, with conspicuous veins,
Trees or shrubs, 3–5 m tall; branches sparsely thorny, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate or attenuate, margin irregularly
sometimes unarmed. Branchlets purplish brown when young, doubly serrate or serrate, 3-lobed, rarely 5-lobed in apical part
grayish brown when old, terete, glabrous; buds purple, triangu- or not lobed, apex acute. Corymb 2–2.5 cm in diam., 5–7-flow-
lar-ovoid to ovoid, glabrous. Stipules caducous, lanceolate or ered, peduncle pubescent; bracts caducous, lanceolate, herba-
falcate, 5–8 mm, herbaceous, margin glandular serrate, apex ceous. Pedicel ca. 1 cm, pubescent. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam.
acuminate; petiole 3.5–5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate or Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially pubescent. Sepals triangu-
ovate-oblong, 4–9 × 4–7 cm, glabrous or only abaxially barbate lar-ovate, ca. 4 mm, both surfaces villous. Petals white, sub-
in axils, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin crenate- orbicular or obovate, 6–7 mm. Stamens 20. Ovary pubescent
serrate, with 2–4 pairs of shallow lobes at apical part; lobes apically, 5-loculed , with 2 ovules per locule; styles 4 or 5, to-
ovate, apex shortly acuminate. Corymb 3–4 cm in diam., 7–9- mentose basally. Pome red or yellow, subglobose or depressed-
flowered; peduncle glabrous; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, globose, 1–2 cm in diam., glabrous; sepals often persistent,
membranous. Pedicel 4–5 mm, glabrous. Flowers ca. 1 cm in reflexed; pyrenes 4 or 5, smooth on both inner sides. Fl. May–
diam. Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous. Sepals triangular- Jun, fr. Sep–Nov. 2n = 34*.
ovate, 3–4 mm, margin entire, glabrous. Petals white, ovate, ca. Valleys, thickets; 200–2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong,
8 × 6 mm. Stamens 20. Ovary 5-loculed, with 2 ovules per Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi,
locule; styles 5, white tomentose basally. Pome red, sub- Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
globose, ca. 2.5 cm in diam., punctate, glabrous; sepals per-
sistent, reflexed; pyrenes 5, smooth on both inner sides. Fl. 1a. Leaf blade broadly obovate to obovate-
May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*. oblong, larger, 2–6 × 1–1.4 cm, abaxially
sparsely pubescent, densely so along veins,
● Thickets on slopes; 500–2000 m. Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiang- base cuneate, margin irregularly doubly
su, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
serrate, 3-lobed, rarely 5-lobed in apical
4. Crataegus shensiensis Pojarkova, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. part ............................................................. 5a. var. cuneata
Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 13: 78. 1950. 1b. Leaf blade obovate-elliptic, smaller,
 ROSACEAE

2–3(–4) × 1.5(–2) cm, both surfaces ● Slopes; 500–800 m. C Shandong (Tai Shan).
glabrous, base attenuate, margin
7. Crataegus wilsonii Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 180. 1912.
serrate in apical part, not
lobed .......................................... 5b. var. tangchungchangii 少毛山楂 shao mao shan zha
5a. Crataegus cuneata var. cuneata Shrubs deciduous, to 7 m tall; usually thorny; thorns 1–2.5
cm, stout. Branchlets dark yellowish brown when young, gray-
野山楂(原变种) ye shan zha (yuan bian zhong) ish brown or dark brown when old, terete, initially white pu-
Crataegus argyi H. Léveillé & Vaniot; C. chantcha H. bescent, glabrous or subglabrous when old; buds purplish
Léveillé; C. cuneata f. pleniflora S. X. Qian; C. cuneata var. brown, triangular-ovoid, glabrous. Stipules falcate or oblong,
shangnanensis L. Mao & T. C. Cui; C. kulingensis Sargent; C. 8–10 mm, herbaceous, subglabrous; petiole 2–2.5 cm, sparsely
stephanostyla H. Léveillé & Vaniot. pilose or subglabrous; leaf blade ovate or obovate, rarely tri-
angular-ovate, 4–6.5 × 3.5–5.5 cm, abaxially slightly pubescent
Leaf blade broadly obovate to obovate-oblong, 2–6 × 1– along midvein and veins, adaxially sparsely pubescent when
1.4 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent, densely so along veins, young, base cuneate, rounded, or cordate, margin sharply ser-
base cuneate, margin irregularly doubly serrate, 3-lobed, rarely rate (teeth aristate toward apex) and usually with (2 or)3–5 pairs
5-lobed in apical part. of shallow lobes in apical part, apex acute or obtuse. Corymb
Valleys, thickets; 200–2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, 3–4 cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle white tomentose;
Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi bracts caducous, lanceolate, herbaceous to membranous. Pedi-
(Qin Ling), Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan]. cel 4–7 mm, white tomentose. Flowers 3–4 cm in diam. Hypan-
thium campanulate, abaxially white tomentose or glabrous. Se-
5b. Crataegus cuneata var. tangchungchangii (F. P. Metcalf) pals ovate or triangular-ovate, 3–4 mm, abaxially pubescent.
T. C. Ku & Spongberg, comb. et stat. nov. Petals white, suborbicular, 6–7 × 5–6. Stamens 20. Ovary 2- or
小叶野山楂 xiao ye ye shan zha 3-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 2 or 3, white to-
mentose basally. Pome red or purplish red, ellipsoid, 6–7 mm in
Basionym: Crataegus tangchungchangii F. P. Metcalf, diam., glabrous; sepals persistent, reflexed; pyrenes 1–3, with
Lingnan Sci. J. 11(1): 13. 1932; C. cuneata f. tangchungchangii deep concave scars on both inner sides. Fl. May, fr. Aug–Sep.
(F. P. Metcalf) Y. T. Chang. 2n = 34*.
Leaf blade obovate-elliptic, 2–3(–4) × 1–1.5(–2) cm, both ● Shaded dense forests on slopes, thickets; 1000–2500 m. Gansu,
surfaces glabrous, base attenuate, margin serrate in apical part, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
not lobed. 8. Crataegus oresbia W. W. Smith, Notes. Roy. Bot. Gard.
● Thickets; 200–1500 m. Fujian (Changluo, Fuqing Xian, Fuzhou Edinburgh 10: 26. 1917.
Shi).
滇西山楂 dian xi shan zha
6. Crataegus shandongensis F. Z. Li & W. D. Peng, Bull. Bot.
Shrubs ca. 6 m tall, thorny; thorns 6–10 mm. Branchlets
Res., Harbin 6(4): 149. 1986.
grayish brown, terete, white tomentose when young, soon gla-
山东山楂 shan dong shan zha brescent; buds purplish brown, ovate-triangular, glabrous. Stip-
ules caducous, ovate-lanceolate or falcate, 6–10 mm, mem-
Shrubs deciduous, to 5 m tall, usually thorny; thorns ro- branous, subglabrous, margin glandular serrate, apex acute-
bust, 5–10 cm. Branchlets reddish brown when young, grayish acuminate; petiole 1.8–2.8 cm, initially pubescent, soon glabre-
brown when old, terete, initially sparsely pubescent, glabrous scent; leaf blade broadly ovate, 4.5–6 × 3–5.5 cm, abaxially
when old, with sparse lenticels; buds not seen. Stipules cad- sparsely pubescent, densely so along veins, adaxially sparsely
ucous, falcate, herbaceous, subglabrous, glandular serrate at pubescent, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, margin remotely
margin, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1.5–4 cm, glabrous; doubly serrate and with (2 or)3–5 pairs of lobes, apex obtuse or
leaf blade obovate or narrowly elliptic 4–8 × 2–4 cm, abaxially acute. Corymb 3.6–6 cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle
sparsely pubescent, densely so along veins, adaxially sparsely white tomentose; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, mem-
white pilose only along midvein, base cuneate, margin irreg- branous. Pedicel 4–12 mm, white villous. Flowers ca. 1 cm in
ularly serrate, usually 3–5-lobed, sometimes not divided in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, adaxially white villous. Sepals
apical part, apex acuminate. Compound corymb ca. 8 cm in triangular-ovate, slightly shorter than hypanthium, 2–3 mm,
diam., 7- or 8(–18)-flowered; peduncle white pubescent; bracts both surfaces white pubescent. Petals white, suborbicular, ca. 8
caducous, linear-lanceolate, membranous. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm, × 6 mm. Stamens 20. Styles 2, rarely 3, pubescent basally.
white pubescent. Flowers ca. 2 cm in diam. Hypanthium cam- Pome reddish yellow, subglobose, ca. 6 mm in diam., white
panulate, abaxially white pubescent. Sepals triangular, 4–6 mm, pubescent, rarely subglabrous; sepals persistent, reflexed; pyre-
adaxially white pubescent. Petals white, suborbicular or obo- nes 2 or 3, with concave scars on both inner sides. Fl. May, fr.
vate-orbicular, ca. 5 × 4 mm. Ovary 5-loculed, with 2 ovules Aug–Sep.
per locule; styles 5, white pubescent basally. Pome red, glo-
bose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., glabrous; sepals persistent; pyrenes 5, ● On shrub-covered slopes; 2500–3300 m. NW Yunnan.
smooth on both inner sides. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Nov. 9. Crataegus maximowiczii C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laub-
 ROSACEAE

holzk. 1: 771. 1906. Shanxi.

毛山楂 mao shan zha 11. Crataegus sanguinea Pallas, Fl. Ross. 1(1): 25. 1784.
Crataegus altaica (Loudon) Lange var. villosa (Ruprecht) 辽宁山楂 liao ling shan zha
Lange; C. beipiaogensis S. L. Tung & X. J. Tian; C. maxi- Mespilus purpurea Poiret; M. sanguinea Spach.
mowiczii var. ninganensis S. Q. Nie & B. J. Jen; C. sanguinea
Pallas var. villosa Ruprecht. Shrubs or rarely small trees, deciduous, 2–4 m tall, usually
thorny; thorns ca. 1 cm, sometimes absent. Branchlets purplish
Shrubs or small trees, to 7 m tall, unarmed or armed; brown when young, grayish brown when old, terete, sparsely
thorns 1.5–3.5 cm. Branchlets purplish brown, terete, initially pubescent when young, soon glabrous; buds purplish brown,
densely white pubescent, glabrescent; buds purplish brown, triangular-ovoid, glabrous. Stipules falcate or irregularly cor-
ovoid, glabrous. Stipules caducous, falcate, 5–8 mm, mem- date, 5–7 mm, herbaceous, glabrous, margin serrate, apex acute;
branous, subglabrous, margin glandular serrate, apex acute or petiole 1.5–2 cm, subglabrous; leaf blade broadly ovate or
acuminate; petiole 1.5–2.5 cm, sparsely villous; leaf blade rhombic-ovate, 5–6 × 3.5–4.5 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent
broadly ovate or rhombic-ovate, 4–6 × 3.5 cm, abaxially dense- along veins, adaxially pubescent, base cuneate, margin doubly
ly whitish villous, adaxially sparsely pubescent, base cuneate or serrate, with (2 or)3–5 pairs of shallow lobes, apex acute. Cor-
broadly cuneate, occasionally truncate, margin remotely doubly ymb 2–3 cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle glabrous, sub-
serrate and with 3–5 pairs of lobes, apex acute. Compound glabrous; bracts caducous, linear, membranous. Pedicel 5–6
corymb 4–5 cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle whitish mm, glabrous or subglabrous. Flowers ca. 8 mm in diam. Hy-
villous; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, membranous. Pedi- panthium campanulate, glabrous. Sepals triangular-ovate, ca. 4
cel 3–8 mm, whitish villous. Flowers ca. 1.2 cm in diam. Hy- mm, abaxially sparsely pubescent. Petals white, oblong, 5–6
panthium campanulate, abaxially white pubescent. Sepals tri- mm. Stamens 20. Ovary pubescent apically, 3–5-loculed, with 2
angular-ovate or triangular-lanceolate, 3–4 mm, abaxially white ovules per locule; styles 3(–5). Pome red, subglobose, ca. 1 cm
pubescent. Petals white, suborbicular, ca. 5 mm. Stamens 20. in diam., glabrous; sepals persistent, reflexed; pyrenes 3, rarely
Styles (2 or)3–5, pubescent basally. Pome purplish brown or 5, with concave scars on both inner sides. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–
red, globose, ca. 8 mm in diam., initially pubescent, later gla- Aug. 2n = 51*, 68*.
brous; fruiting pedicel 4–9 mm, initially densely white villous,
glabrate when mature; sepals persistent, reflexed; pyrenes 3–5, Slopes, mixed river side forests; 900–3000 m. Hebei, Heilong-
with concave scars on both inner sides. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug– jiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [N Mongolia, Russia (Si-
beria)].
Sep. 2n = 32, 34*, 51*.
Near or in mixed forests, roadsides, river sides; 200–1000 m. 12. Crataegus dahurica Koehne ex C. K. Schneider, Ill.
Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 773. 1906.
Russia (E Siberia)].
光叶山楂 guang ye shan zha
10. Crataegus aurantia Pojarkova, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, 2–6 m tall; thorns 1–2.5
Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 13: 82. 1950. cm, slender, sometimes absent. Branchlets purplish brown
橘红山楂 ju hong shan zha when young, dark brown when old, wilted, glabrous, with
sparse, oblong lenticels; buds purple, suborbicular or triangular,
Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, 3–5 m tall, unarmed or glabrous. Stipules lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 6–8 mm,
armed; thorns 1–2 cm. Branchlets dark purple when young, herbaceous, glabrous, margin serrate, apex acuminate; petiole
grayish brown when old, initially pubescent; buds not seen. 7–10 mm, glabrous; leaf blade rhombic-ovate, rarely elliptic-
Stipules not seen; petiole 1.5–2.5 cm, densely pubescent; leaf ovate to obovate, 3–5 × 2.5–4 cm, both surfaces glabrous, base
blade dark green adaxially, broadly ovate, 4–7 × 3–7 cm, abax- cuneate or broadly cuneate, margin sharply doubly serrate, en-
ially pubescent, densely so along midvein and veins, adaxially tire near base, with (2 or)3–5 pairs of lobes at apical 2/3 of
sparsely pubescent, base rounded, truncate, or broadly cuneate, margin; lobes ovate, apex acuminate. Compound corymb 3–5
margin sharply and irregularly serrate, with 2 or 3 pairs of cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle glabrous; bracts cadu-
shallow lobes; lobes broadly ovate to suborbicular, apex acute. cous, linear-lanceolate, membranous. Pedicel 8–10 mm, gla-
Compound corymb 3–4 cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle brous. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate,
densely pubescent; bracts not seen. Pedicel 5–8 mm, densely
abaxially glabrous. Sepals linear-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, margin
pubescent. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate,
entire or with 1 or 2 pairs of teeth, both surfaces glabrous.
abaxially pubescent. Sepals broadly triangular, 4–6 mm, abax-
Petals white, suborbicular or obovate, 4–5 × 3–4 mm. Stamens
ially pubescent. Petals white, suborbicular, ca. 5–6 mm. Sta-
20. Styles 2–4, glabrous. Pome orangish red or orangish yellow,
mens 18–20. Ovary 2- or 3-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule;
subglobose or oblong, 6–8 mm in diam., glabrous; sepals per-
styles 2 or 3 rarely 4, pubescent basally. Pome orangish red
sistent, reflexed; pyrenes 2–4, with concave scars on both inner
when dried, oblong-ovoid when young, subglobose when ma-
sides. Fl. May, fr. Aug. 2n = 34*.
ture, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous; sepals persistent, reflexed;
pyrenes 2 or 3, abaxially convex, adaxially with concave scars. Grassy places on river banks in forests, sandy slopes, thickets;
Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 500–1500 m. N Hebei, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol [N Mongolia, Russia
(E Siberia)].
● Mixed forests on slopes; 1000–1800 m. Gansu, Hebei, Shaanxi,
 ROSACEAE

1a. Petiole and leaf blade abaxially glabrous abaxially pubescent along veins and barbate in vein axils, later
................................................................ 12a. var. dahurica subglabrescent, adaxially sparsely pubescent, base truncate or
1b. Petiole and leaf blade abaxially broadly cuneate, margin sharply and doubly serrate, with 5–7
pubescent .............................................. 12b. var. laevicalyx pairs of shallow lobes; lobes triangular-ovate, apex acute.
Cormyb 3–4 cm in diam., 8–18-flowered; peduncle glabrous;
12a. Crataegus dahurica var. dahurica
bracts caducous, lanceolate, membranous. Pedicel 5–6 mm,
光叶山楂(原变种) guang ye shan zha (yuan bian zhong) glabrous. Flowers 8–10 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate,
abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular, 2–3 mm, both surfaces
Crataegus chitaensis Sargent; C. purpurea J. A. Bosc ex
glabrous. Petals white, suborbicular, 5–6 × 3–4 mm. Stamens
Candolle; C. sanguinea Pallas var. glabra Maximowicz.
15–20. Ovary tomentose apically, 2- or 3-loculed, with 2 ovules
Petiole and leaf blade abaxially glabrous. per locule; styles 2 or 3. Pome red or orangish yellow, sub-
globose, 8–10 mm in diam., glabrous; sepals persistent; pyrenes
Grassy places on river banks in forests, sandy slopes; 500–1000
2 or 3, with concave scars on both inner lateral sides. Fl. May,
m. Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol [N Mongolia, Russia (E Siberia)].
fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 34*.
12b. Crataegus dahurica var. laevicalyx (J. X. Huang et al.) ● Mixed forests, shaded slopes, stream sides; 1000–3000 m.
T. C. Ku & Spongberg, comb. et stat. nov. Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan.
光萼山楂 guang e shan zha 15. Crataegus altaica (Loudon) Lange, Rev. Sp. Gen. Crataeg.
Basionym: Crataegus laevicalyx J. X. Huang et al., Bull. 42. 1897.
Bot. Res., Harbin 11(1): 25. 1991. 阿尔泰山楂 a er tai shan zha
Petiole and leaf blade abaxially densely pubescent. Crataegus purpurea var. altaica Loudon, Arb. Brit. 2:
● Sandy slopes, thickets; ca. 1500 m. N Hebei (Weichang Xian). 825. 1838; C. sanguinea Pallas var. incisa Regel; C. sanguinea
var. inermis Karelin & Kirilov; C. wattiana Hemsley & Lace
13. Crataegus chungtienensis W. W. Smith, Notes Roy Bot. var. incisa (Regel) C. K. Schneider.
Gard. Edinburgh 10: 26. 1917.
Trees medium-sized, 3–6 m tall, unarmed, rarely with few
中甸山楂 zhong dian shan zha 2–4 cm thorns. Branchlets purplish brown or reddish brown
Shrubs to 6 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown, terete, gla- when young, grayish brown when old, terete, stout, glabrous;
brous or subglabrous, with sparse, oblong lenticels; buds pur- buds purplish brown, suborbicular, glabrous, apex acute. Stip-
plish brown, ovoid, glabrous. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, ca. 8 ules falcate or cordate, ca. 1 cm, herbaceous, glabrous, margin
mm, membranous, glabrous, margin glandular serrate, apex glandular serrate, apex acute; petiole 2–3.4 cm, glabrous; leaf
acuminate; petiole 1–1.2, rarely to 3 cm, glabrous; leaf blade blade broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, 5–9 × 4–7 cm, veins
broadly ovate, 4–7 × 3.5–5 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent, conspicuous, lateral veins extending to apices of lobes, abax-
densely so along veins, adaxially subglabrous, base rounded to ially barbate in vein axils, adaxially sparsely pubescent, base
broadly cuneate, margin sharply doubly serrate, with 2 or 3(or truncate or broadly cuneate, rarely subcordate, margin irreg-
4) pairs of lobes, rarely parted near base, apex obtuse. Corymb ularly and sharply serrate, usually with 2–4 pairs of lobes, often
3–4 cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle glabrous or sub- parted near base, apex acute or obtuse. Compound corymb 3–4
glabrous; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, membranous. Ped- cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle glabrous; bracts cadu-
icel 4–6 mm, glabrous or subglabrous. Flowers ca. 1 cm in cous, lanceolate, membranous. Pedicel 5–7 mm, glabrous. Flow-
diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals tri- ers 1.2–1.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially
angular-ovate, ca. 1 mm, both surfaces glabrous. Petals white, glabrous. Sepals triangular-ovate, or triangular-lanceolate, 2–4
broadly obovate, ca. 6 × 5 mm. Stamens 20, slightly longr than mm, both surfaces glabrous, apex caudate-acuminate. Petals
petals. Styles (1 or)2 or 3, glabrous. Pome red, ellipsoid, ca. 6 white, suborbicular, ca. 5 mm in diam. Stamens 20. Ovary
mm in diam., glabrous; sepals persistent, reflexed; pyrenes 1–3, sparsely pubescent apically, 4- or 5-loculed, with 2 ovules per
with concave scars on both inner sides. Fl. May, fr. Sep. locule; styles 4 or 5. Pome yellow, subglobose, 8–10 mm in
● Mixed stream side forests, among shrubs; 2500–3500 m. NW diam., glabrous; sepals persistent, reflexed; pyrenes 4 or 5, with
Yunnan (Zhongdian Xian). concave scars on both inner sides. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
14. Crataegus kansuensis E. H. Wilson, J. Arnold Arbor. 9: 2n = 68*.
58. 1928. Slopes, forest understories, stream sides; 400–1900 m. C and N
Xinjiang [Russia (SE European part, Siberia)].
甘肃山楂 gan su shan zha
Shrubs or small trees, 2.5–8 m tall, usually thorny; thorns 16. Crataegus remotilobata Raikova ex Popov, Bull. Appl.
many, ca. 0.7–1.5 cm. Branchlets greenish red, terete, slender, Bot., Leningrad 22: 438. 1929.
glabrous; buds purplish brown, suborbicular, glabrous. Stipules 裂叶山楂 lie ye shan zha
caducous, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 8 mm, membranous, subgla-
brous, margin glandular serrate, apex acute-acuminate; petiole Trees small, 5–6 m tall, usually thorny; thorns 0.6–2.5 cm,
1.8–2.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade broadly ovate, 4–6 × 3–4 cm, slender. Branchlets purplish brown when young, dark purple
 ROSACEAE

when old, terete, stout, glabrous or slightly glaucous; buds pur- with green pulp, subglobose, glabrous; sepals persistent; py-
plish brown, suborbicular, glabrous. Stipules caducous, falcate renes 4 or 5, with concave scars on both inner sides. Fl. Jun–Jul,
or cordate, ca. 8 mm, herbaceous, glabrous, margin thickened fr. Aug–Sep.
serrate, apex acute-acuminate; petiole 1.5–2.5 cm, glabrous; Cultivated. Liaoning [native to Japan and Russia (Kamchatka,
leaf blade broadly ovate, 4–6 × 3–4.5 cm, both surfaces gla- Sakhalin)].
brous or only abaxially pubescent in vein axils, base cuneate or
broadly cuneate, margin remotely and sharply serrate, and with 18. Crataegus songarica K. Koch, Verh. Vereins Beförd.
2–4 pairs of lobes near base, often nearly divided to midvein; Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten, n.s., 1(2): 287. 1853.
lobes ovate or ovate-lanceolate, apex acute or shortly acu- 准噶尔山楂 zhun ge er shan zha
minate. Corymb 6–7 cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle gla-
brous, slightly glaucous; bracts caducous, linear, membranous. Crataegus fischeri C. K. Schneider.
Pedicel 5–6 mm, glabrous, glaucous. Flowers ca. 1.2 cm in Shrubs or small trees, 4–5 m tall, armed or unarmed;
diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially glabrous, glaucous. thorns 0.8–1.5 cm, stout. Branchlets purplish brown when
Sepals triangular, 2–3 mm, both surfaces glabrous. Petals white, young, grayish brown when old, initially sparsely pubescent,
broadly obovate, ca. 5–6 × 3–4 mm. Stamens 20. Ovary dense- soon glabrate, terete; buds reddish brown, ovoid, glabrous.
ly pubescent apically, 4- or 5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; Stipules falcate or lanceolate, ca. 8 mm, herbaceous, glabrous,
styles 4 or 5. Pome red, globose, 4–8 mm in diam., glabrous; margin serrate, apex acuminate; petiole 2–2.5 cm, glabrous or
sepals persistent, reflexed; pyrenes 3–5, with deep concave subglabrous; leaf blade rhomboidal-ovate to broadly ovate, 3.5–
scars on both inner sides. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. 6.5 × 2.5–5.5 cm, both surfaces pubescent when young, gla-
● Slopes, stream sides, roadsides. C and W Xinjiang. brescent, base cuneate, rarely broadly cuneate, margin remotely
serrate and with 2 or 3 pairs of deep lobes, or apically shallowly
17. Crataegus chlorosarca Maximowicz, Bull. Soc. Imp. Na- lobed; lobes oblong, apex acute. Corymb 3–5 cm in diam.,
turalistes Moscou 54(1): 20. 1879. many flowered; peduncle glabrous or slightly pubescent when
绿肉山楂 lu rou shan zha young; bracts caducous, linear, membranous. Pedicel 0.5–1.5
cm, slightly pubescent when young. Hypanthium campanulate,
Trees small, to 6 m tall; usually with few 1–1.5 cm thorns. initially pubescent, soon glabrous. Sepals triangular-ovate or
Branchlets purplish brown when young, yellowish brown when broadly lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, abaxially initially pubescent,
old, terete, glabrous; buds purplish brown, triangular-ovoid, glabrescent. Petals not seen. Stamens 15–20. Ovary pubescent
glabrous. Stipules falcate, 5–8 mm, membranous, glabrous, mar- apically, 2- or 3-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 2 or 3.
gin glandular serrate, apex acute; petiole 1.5–2 cm, pubescent; Pome reddish black with yellow pulp, sparsely punctate,
leaf blade triangular-ovate to broadly ovate, 5–9 × 3–5 cm, both globose, rarely ellipsoid, 1.2–1.6 cm in diam., glabrous; sepals
surfaces sparsely pubescent, sometimes abaxially barbate in persistent, reflexed; pyrenes 2 or 3, smooth on both inner sides.
vein axils, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin sharply Fl. May, fr. Jul. 2n = 68*.
serrate, usually with 3–5 pairs of irregular lobes, apex acute or Valleys, thickets; 500–2000 m. Xinjiang (Huocheng Xian, Ili
shortly acuminate. Corymb 2–3.5 cm in diam., several flow- Xian) [Afghanistan, Kazakhstan; SW Asia (Iran)].
ered; peduncle glabrous; bracts caducous, lanceolate, mem-
branous. Pedicel 2–6 mm, glabrous. Flowers 1–1.2 cm in diam. Crataegus dsungarica Zabel ex Lange (Rev. Spec. Gen. Crataegi,
43. 1897), described from Shandong, may be a hybrid between C. alt-
Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangu-
aica and C. songarica, but no specimens were seen by the present
lar-lanceolate, 2–3 mm, both surfaces glabrous. Petals white,
authors.
suborbicular, 5–7 × 4–5 mm. Stamens 20. Ovary pubescent
apically; styles 5. Pome red when immature, black when mature

13. OSTEOMELES Lindley, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13: 96, 98. 1821.
小石积属 xiao shi ji shu

Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Stephen A. Spongberg

Shrubs deciduous or evergreen; buds small, with several narrow scales. Leaves imparipinnate; stipules linear to lanceolate;
rachis narrowly winged; leaflets opposite, sessile or shortly petiolulate, small, margin entire. Corymb terminal, numerous flowered;
bracts caducous. Hypanthium campanulate. Sepals 5. Petals 5, white. Stamens 20. Ovary inferior; 5-loculed, with 1 ovule per locule;
styles 5, free. Fruit a small pome, with persistent erect sepals; seeds erect; cotyledons plano-convex.
About five species: E Asia; three species (one endemic) in China.

1a. Styles basally glabrous; leaflet blade suborbicular, rarely obovate-oblong ............................................................. 3. O. subrotunda
1b. Styles basally pubescent; leaf blade obovate to elliptic.
2a. Leaflet blade obovate or obovate-oblong, 10–15 × 3–5 mm; hypanthium and sepals densely
pubescent ........................................................................................................................................................ 1. O. anthyllidifolia
2b. Leaflet blade elliptic, elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, 5–10 × 2–4 mm; hypanthium and sepals
 ROSACEAE

slightly pubescent or subglabrous ....................................................................................................................... 2. O. schwerinae

1. Osteomeles anthyllidifolia (Smith) Lindley, Trans. Linn. 1b. Leaflet blade 3–5 mm; petiole
Soc. London 13: 99. 1821. subglabrous ......................................... 2b. var. microphylla
小石积 xiao shi ji 2a. Osteomeles schwerinae var. schwerinae

Pyrus anthyllidifolia Smith in Rees, Cycl. 29: Pyrus no. 华西小石积(原变种) hua xi xiao shi ji (yuan bian zhong)
29. 1819.
Osteomeles chinensis Lingelsheim & Borza.
Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown or purplish
Petiole pubescent; leaflet blade 5–10 mm.
brown, terete, slender, initially pubescent, glabrescent; buds not
seen. Leaves with 7–15 pairs of leaflets; stipules caducous, ● Scrub on slopes, roadsides; 1000–3000 m. Gansu, Guizhou,
lanceolate, membranous; petiole 1–1.5 cm, pubescent; petiolule Sichuan, ?Taiwan, Yunnan.
very short or absent; leaflet blade obovate or obovate-oblong, 2b. Osteomeles schwerinae var. microphylla Rehder & E. H.
1–1.5 cm × 3–5 mm, both surfaces pubescent, abaxially densely Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 3: 431. 1917.
so, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin entire, apex
obtuse, emarginate or mucronulate. Corymb 2–3 cm in diam., 小叶华西小石积 xiao ye hua xi xiao shi ji
numerous flowered; peduncle pubescent; bracts caducous, lan-
Osteomeles schwerinae var. multijuga Koidzumi.
ceolate, membranous, pubescent. Pedicel 5–8 mm, pubescent.
Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially Petiole subglabrous; leaflet blade 3–5 mm.
pubescent. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, abaxially densely pu-
● Slopes, roadsides, mixed forests; 1500–2700 m. Gansu, Shaan-
bescent, adaxially sparsely pubescent, margin entire, apex acu-
xi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
minate. Petals spatulate, 5–7 × 3–4 mm. Stamens 20. Styles
nearly as long as stamens, villous basally. Pome blackish 3. Osteomeles subrotunda K. Koch, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-
brown, ellipsoid or oblong, ca. 1 cm; fruiting pedicel ca. 8 Batavum 1: 250. 1864.
mm, pubescent; sepals persistent, erect. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug.
圆叶小石积 yuan ye xiao shi ji
Coral rocks near sea; near sea level. Taiwan (Hongtou Yu, Lan
Yu) [Japan (Ryukyu Islands)]. Shrubs evergreen, dense, ca. 2 m tall. Branchlets grayish
brown, terete, slender, densely grayish white villous when
2. Osteomeles schwerinae C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laub- young, glabrescent; buds ovoid, small, subglabrous, apex ob-
holzk. 1: 763. 1906. tuse. Leaves with 7–15 pairs of leaflets; stipules caducous,
华西小石积 hua xi xiao shi ji lanceolate, membranous, apex acuminate; petiole 3–7 mm,
pubescent to glabrous, petiolule very short; leaflet blade subor-
Shrubs or semishrubs, deciduous or evergreen, dense, bicular or obovate-oblong, (3–)4–6 × (1.5–)2–3 mm, abaxially
spreading, 1–4 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown or purple, densely grayish white villous, adaxially sparsely villous, or both
terete, slender, initially densely grayish white pubescent, gla- surfaces glabrous to subglabrous, base rounded or subrounded,
brescent; buds depressed-triangular-ovoid, small, subglabrous. margin entire, apex obtuse, mucronulate or apiculate. Corymb
Leaves with 7–15 pairs of leaflets; stipules caducous, lanceo- 2–3.5 cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle villous; bracts
late, membranous; petiole 3–5 mm, pubescent to subglabrous, caducous, linear-lanceolate, membranous, pubescent. Pedicel
petiolules very short or nearly absent; leaflet blade elliptic or 3–5 mm, villous. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Hypanthium cam-
elliptic-oblong, rarely obovate-oblong, (3–)5–10 × 2–4 mm, panulate, abaxially pubescent. Sepals triangular-lanceolate,
both surfaces sparsely pubescent, abaxially densely so, base abaxially pubescent, adaxially subglabrous, margin entire, apex
broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin entire, apex acute or acute. Petals oblong, 5–8 × 3–5 mm. Stamens 20. Styles gla-
mucronulate. Corymb 2–3 cm in diam., 3–5-flowered; peduncle brous, nearly as long as stamens. Pome bluish black, subglo-
grayish white pubescent; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, bose, 6–12 mm in diam.; fruiting pedicel 5–8 mm, slightly
membranous, pubescent. Pedicel 3–5 mm, grayish white pubes- pubescent; sepals persistent. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep.
cent. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, ca. 3
mm, abaxially subglabrous or sparsely pubescent. Sepals ovate- Mixed forests, scrub on mountain summits, roadsides; 200–500
lanceolate, abaxially pubescent, margin entire, apex acute. Pet- m. N Guangdong (Renhua Xian) [Japan (Ryukyu Islands)].
als oblong, 5–7 × 3–4 mm. Stamens 20. Styles nearly as long as 1a. Leaf blade and petiole hairy; leaflets
stamens, villous basally. Pome bluish black, ovoid or subglo- 4–6 × 2–3 mm, apex obtuse or
bose, 6–8 mm; fruiting pedicel 5–8 mm, slightly pubescent; mucronulate ......................................... 3a. var. subrotunda
sepals persistent, erect. Fl. Apr–May, fr. May–Jul. 1b. Leaf blade and petiole glabrous or
● Scrub, slopes, fields, roadsides, mixed forests; 1000–3000 m. subglabrous; leaflets 3–4 × 1.5–2
Gansu, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Sichuan, ?Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan. mm, apex obtuse and apiculate ............... 3b. var. glabrata
1a. Leaflet blade 5–10 mm; petiole 3a. Osteomeles subrotunda var. subrotunda
pubescent .............................................. 2a. var. schwerinae
圆叶小石积(原变种) yuan ye xiao shi ji (yuan bian zhong)
 ROSACEAE

Osteomeles anthyllidifolia Lindley f. subrotunda (K. Mixed forests, roadsides; 200–500 m. N Guangdong (Renhua
Koch) Koidzumi; O. anthyllidifolia var. subrotunda (K. Koch) Xian) [Japan (Ryukyu Islands)].
Masamune.
3b. Osteomeles subrotunda var. glabrata T. T. Yu, Acta Phy-
Leaf blade and petiole hairy; leaflets 4–6 × 2–3 mm, apex totax. Sin. 13(1): 101. 1975.
obtuse or mucronulate.
无毛圆叶小石积 wu mao yuan ye xiao shi ji

Leaf blade and petiole glabrous or subglabrous; leaflets 3–

4 × 1.5–2 mm, apex obtuse and apiculate.
● Shrub on mountain summits. N Guangdong.

14. STRANVAESIA Lindley, Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 23: t. 1956. 1837.13

红果树属 hong guo shu shu
Lu Lingdi (陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti); Stephen A. Spongberg
Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Winter buds ovoid, small; scales few, exposed. Leaves petiolate, stipulate, simple, leathery, venation
camptodromous, margin entire, undulate, or serrate. Corymbs or subumbels, terminal or axillary, few to numerous flowered; bracts
early caducous. Hypanthium campanulate, 1/2 adnate to base of ovary. Sepals 5, erect, short. Petals 5, spreading, white, base shortly
clawed. Stamens 20; filaments filiform. Ovary semi-inferior, pubescent, 4- or 5-loculed, free to middle from hypanthium in fruit;
styles 4 or 5, connate high above middle; stigmas capitate; ovules 2 per locule, basal, collateral, ascending. Fruit a pome, ovoid to
subglobose, fleshy, with persistent sepals; carpel crustaceous; locules abaxially loculicidally dehiscent; seeds oblong, compressed,
testa leathery; cotyledons nearly flat.
About six species: China, NE India, N Laos, Malaysia, N Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, N Vietnam; five species (two endemic) in
China.
This treatment follows that of the FRPS. Alternatively, there is considerable evidence that Stranvaesia should be included within Photinia
(Kalkman, Blumea 21: 413–442.1973; Iketani & Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 66: 319–351. 1991; Ohashi & Iketani, J. Jap. Bot. 69: 22–23. 1994; Phipps et al.,
Syst. Bot. 16: 303–332. 1991; Robertson et al., Syst. Bot. 16: 376–394. 1991; Rohrer et al., Amer. J. Bot. 78: 1617–1635. 1991; Rohrer et al., Amer. J.
Bot. 81: 574–581. 1994; Wu Zhengyi, pers. comm.). Basically, all of these point out that the primary character often used to differentiate the two
genera, i.e., whether the carpels dehisce or not, is “artificial.” Kalkman (loc. cit.) was the first recent author to note that the supposedly dehiscent
carpels of Stranvaesia are an artifact of pressing herbarium specimens. Also, Rohrer et al. (loc. cit.) found that Photinia and Stranvaesia do not differ
in connation of the carpels or in the adnation of the carpels to the hypanthium.

1a. Bracts ovate-lanceolate; lenticels on branchlets inconspicuous; with large warts above each leaf scar and above
some bract scars of inflorescence; fruit subglobose .................................................................................................... 1. S. davidiana
1b. Bracts subulate or linear to lanceolate; lenticels on branchlets conspicuous; fruit globose or ovoid-globose.
2a. Petiole more than 1 cm, slender; leaf blade oblanceolate to obovate-oblong; fruit globose.
3a. Rachis, pedicels, and hypanthium pilose; petiole ca. 1 cm, pilose ....................................................................... 2. S. nussia
3b. Rachis, pedicels, and hypanthium glabrous; petiole 1.5–4 cm, glabrous ................................................. 3. S. oblanceolata
2b. Petiole shorter, not over 1 cm, broader; leaf blade elliptic or oblong to oblong-obovate; fruit ovoid or ovoid-
globose.
4a. Petiole, abaxial surface of leaf blade, and inflorescence brownish yellow tomentose-villous; fruit ovoid,
reddish yellow, 10–14 mm in diam., slightly tomentose-villous ................................................................. 4. S. amphidoxa
4b. Petiole, abaxial surface of leaf blade, and inflorescence densely yellow tomentose; fruit ovoid-globose,
8–10 mm in diam., densely tomentose ........................................................................................................... 5. S. tomentosa

1. Stranvaesia davidiana Decaisne, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. 2 cm, pilose, gradually glabrescent; stipules caducous, subulate,
Nat. 10: 179. 1874. 5–6 mm, membranous, slightly pilose; leaf blade oblong, ob-
long-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, (3–)5–12 × 2–4.5 cm, midvein
红果树 hong guo shu
raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, lateral veins 8–16
Shrubs or small trees, 1–10 m tall, densely branched. pairs and inconspicuous, both surfaces grayish brown villous
Branchlets grayish brown when old, terete, initially densely along midvein, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, margin en-
villous, gradually glabrescent, with sparse, inconspicuous len- tire or undulate, apex acute or abruptly pointed. Compound
ticels; buds reddish brown, narrowly ovoid, apex shortly acu- corymbs terminal, 5–8 × (1.5–)5–10 cm, few or numerous
minate; scales subglabrous or pubescent at margin. Petiole 1.2– flowered; rachis and pedicels villous; bracts caducous, ovate-

13
Extensive contributions were received from Kenneth R. Robertson (ILLS), Herbarium, Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 East Peabody Drive, 172 Natural Resources
Building, Champaign, Illinois 61820-6970, U.S.A.
 ROSACEAE

lanceolate, membranous. Pedicel 2–4 mm. Flowers 5–10 mm in terete, densely pilose when young, gradually glabrescent, sub-
diam. Hypanthium cupular, 5–7 mm, abaxially sparsely villous. glabrous when old. Petiole ca. 1 cm, pilose; stipules caducous,
Sepals triangular-ovate, 2–3 mm, margin entire, apex acute. lanceolate, membranous; leaf blade oblanceolate or obovate-
Petals suborbicular, 4–5 mm in diam., base shortly clawed. Sta- lanceolate, 6–8 × 2–3.5 cm, veins 10–12 pairs, abaxially pilose
mens 20; anthers purplish red. Styles 5, mostly connate, not ex- along veins, adaxially initially pilose, glabrescent, base cuneate,
ceeding stamens; stigma capitate; ovary tomentose apically. margin irregularly obtusely dentate, apex acute. Compound
Fruit orangish red, subglobose, 7–8 mm in diam.; sepals erect; corymbs terminal, 6–9 × 8–12 cm, many flowered; rachis and
seeds narrowly ellipsoid. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. pedicels densely pilose; bracts 4–6 mm, pubescent. Pedicel 5–
Slopes, mountain summits, roadsides, thickets, river valleys, damp 10 mm. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate,
gullies; 900–3000 m. Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, abaxially pilose. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, 2.5–4 × 2.5–3
Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Malaysia, N mm, margin entire, apex acute. Petals oblong or elliptic, 4–6 ×
Vietnam]. 3–5 mm, base shortly clawed and barbate, apex emarginate.
One of us (Spongberg) notes that, because of variability, further Stamens 20; filaments unequal in length, slightly shorter than
study is necessary to determine whether these taxa are really distinct. sepals. Ovary semi-inferior, (4- or)5-loculed; styles (4 or)5,
connate for ca. 1/2 length, base densely pubescent. Fruit
1a. Leaf margin entire; inflorescence 5–10 orangish red, compressed-globose, ca. 8 mm in diam., pubes-
cm in diam., densely flowered; rachis cent when young, glabrate; sepals incurved; seeds 1 or 2 per
and pedicels densely villous .................. 1a. var. davidiana locule.
1b. Leaf margin undulate; inflorescence
1.5–5 cm in diam., few flowered; Mixed forests; 500–2800 m. SE Xizang, Yunnan [NE India, N
Laos, N Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, N Thailand].
rachis and pedicels ± villous ................... 1b. var. undulata
1a. Stranvaesia davidiana var. davidiana 3. Stranvaesia oblanceolata (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) Stapf,
Bot. Mag. 149: t. 9008. 1924.
红果树(原变种) hong guo shu (yuan bian zhong)
滇南红果树 dian nan hong guo shu
Photinia davidiana (Decaisne) Cardot; P. niitakayamensis
Hayata; P. undulata (Decaisne) Cardot var. formosana Cardot; Stranvaesia nussia Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don var.
Pyrus cavaleriei H. Léveillé; P. davidiana var. formosana (Car- oblanceolata Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1:
dot) H. Ohashi & Iketani; Stranvaesia davidiana var. salicifolia 193. 1912.
(Hutchinson) Rehder; S. henryi Diels; S. niitakayamensis (Ha- Shrubs 5–9 m tall. Branchlets purplish red when young,
yata) Hayata; S. salicifolia Hutchinson. dark purplish brown when old, terete, glabrous, with scattered
Leaf blade 5–12 cm. Inflorescences 5–10 cm in diam., orbicular lenticels; buds purplish brown, narrowly ovoid,
densely flowered; rachis and pedicels densely villous. glabrous. Petiole 1.5–4 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblanceolate or
obovate-oblong, 8–13 × 3.5–5 cm, lucid, midvein prominently
Slopes, mountain summits, roadsides, thickets; 1000–3000 m. raised abaxially and slightly impressed adaxially, both surfaces
Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan,
glabrous, base cuneate, rarely subrounded, margin obscurely
Yunnan [Malaysia, N Vietnam].
obtusely dentate, apex acute. Compound corymbs terminal, 7–
1b. Stranvaesia davidiana var. undulata (Decaisne) Rehder & 9(–11) × 5–10(–14) cm, compact, many flowered; rachis and
E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1:192. 1912. pedicels glabrous; bracts linear, 2–3 mm. Pedicel 3–5 mm.
波叶红果树 bo ye hong guo shu Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially
glabrous. Sepals triangular-ovate, 2–3 mm, much shorter than
Stranvaesia undulata Decaisne, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. hypanthium, margin entire, apex acute. Petals suborbicular or
Nat. 10: 179. 1874; Eriobotrya undulata (Decaisne) Franchet; broadly ovate, 5–6 × 3–5 mm. Stamens 20, shorter than petals.
Photinia undulata (Decaisne) Cardot; S. davidiana Decaisne Ovary pubescent; styles 5, not exceeding stamens, connate for
var. suoxiyuensis C. J. Qi & C. L. Peng. more than 1/2 length; stigma capitate. Fruit ovoid, 6–8 mm in
Leaf blade 3–8(–10) cm, margin undulate. Inflorescences diam.; sepals erect. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul.
1.5–5 cm in diam., few flowered; rachis and pedicels ± villous. Mixed evergreen forests of mountain valleys, slopes; 1400–2000
m. S Yunnan [N Laos, N Myanmar, Thailand].
● Slopes, river valleys, damp gullies, thickets; 900–3000 m. Fu-
jian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yun- 4. Stranvaesia amphidoxa C. K. Schneider, Bull. Herb. Bois-
nan, Zhejiang. sier, sér. 2, 6: 319. 1906.
2. Stranvaesia nussia (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) 毛萼红果树 mao e hong guo shu
Decaisne, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 178. 1874.
Shrubs or small trees, 2–4 m tall. Branchlets purplish
印缅红果树 yin mian hong guo shu brown when young, blackish brown when old, angulate, yel-
Pyrus nussia Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. lowish brown tomentose-villous when young, glabrous when
Nepal. 237. 1825; Crataegus glauca Wallich ex G. Don; Erio- old, with sparse, brownish lenticels; buds reddish brown, ovoid,
botrya ambigua Merrill; Stranvaesia glaucescens Lindley. apex acute, scale villous at margin. Petiole 2–4 mm, villous;
stipules caducous, small; leaf blade dark green adaxially, ellip-
Trees to 5–9 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown when old, tic, oblong, or oblong-obovate, 4–10 × 2–4 cm, midvein and 6–
 ROSACEAE

8 pairs of lateral veins distinctly raised abaxially and impressed 1500 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan,
adaxially, abaxially brownish yellow, tomentose-villous along Zhejiang.
midvein, adaxially glabrous or subglabrous, base cuneate or
4b. Stranvaesia amphidoxa var. amphileia (Handel-Mazzetti)
broadly cuneate, rarely subrounded, margin minutely sharply
T. T. Yu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 214. 1974.
aristate-serrate, apex acuminate or caudate. Inflorescences ter-
minal, corymbose or subumbellate, 3–4 × 2.5–5 cm, several to 湖南红果树 hu nan hong guo shu
more than 10-flowered; rachis and pedicels densely brownish
yellow tomentose-villous or glabrous; bracts caducous, brown, Photinia amphidoxa (C. K. Schneider) Rehder & E. H.
Wilson var. amphileia Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 481.
subulate, 4–6 mm, membranous. Pedicel 4–10 mm. Flowers 8–
1933.
9 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially densely
yellow tomentose-villous. Sepals triangular-ovate, 2–3 × 2–2.5 Inflorescences subumbellate. Pedicels, hypanthium abaxi-
mm, nearly 1/2 as long as hypanthium, margin entire, apex ally, and fruit glabrous.
acute. Petals suborbicular, 5–7 mm in diam., glabrous, base ● Dense forests in mountain valleys; 1000–1500 m. Guangxi,
shortly clawed, apex obtuse or somewhat emarginate. Stamens Guizhou, Hunan.
20, shorter than petals; anthers yellowish brown. Styles 5, most-
ly united, not exceeding stamens, yellowish white tomentose- 5. Stranvaesia tomentosa T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Acta Phytotax.
villous; stigma capitate. Fruit reddish yellow, ovoid, 1–1.4 cm Sin. 13(1): 102. 1975.
in diam., initially slightly tomentose-villous, glabrate, with 绒毛红果树 rong mao hong guo shu
small pale lenticels; sepals erect or incurved, abaxially tomen-
Shrubs or small trees, ca. 2 m tall. Branchlets blackish
tose-villous. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.
brown when old, terete, densely yellow tomentose when young,
● Slopes, roadsides, stream sides, dense forests, thickets, moun- with scattered gray lenticels; buds ovoid, densely tomentose.
tain valleys; 500–1500 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Petiole short, less than 4 mm, broad, densely yellow tomentose;
Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang. stipules early caducous, smaller; leaf blade dark green adax-
1a. Inflorescence corymbose; pedicel, hypanthium, ially, oblong or oblong-obovate, 3–6.5 × 1–3 cm, veins 6 or 7
and fruit tomentose-villous .................. 4a. var. amphidoxa pairs, raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, abaxially dense-
1b. Inflorescence subumbellate; pedicel, ly yellow tomentose, adaxially glabrous or subglabrous, base
hypanthium, and fruit glabrous .............. 4b. var. amphileia cuneate or broadly cuneate, rarely subrounded, margin sharply
shortly aristate-serrate, apex caudate-acuminate or acuminate.
4a. Stranvaesia amphidoxa var. amphidoxa Corymbs crowded, 2–4 cm in diam., 3–7-flowered, rarely to
12-flowered; rachis and pedicels densely yellow tomentose;
毛萼红果树(原变种) mao e hong guo shu (yuan bian zhong)
bracts caducous, lanceolate, membranous. Pedicel 5–12 mm.
Photinia amphidoxa (C. K. Schneider) Rehder & E. H. Flowers 8–10 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially
Wilson; P. amphidoxa var. kwangsiensis F. P. Metcalf; P. densely yellow tomentose. Sepals triangular-ovate, nearly 1/3
amphidoxa var. stylosa Cardot; Pourthiaea arnphidoxa (C. K. length of hypanthium, apex acute. Stamens 20. Styles 5, mostly
Schneider) Stapf; Pyrus feddei H. Léveillé. connate, not exceeding stamens. Fruit dark red, ovoid-globose,
8–10 mm in diam., densely tomentose; sepals erect. Fl. May–
Inflorescences corymbose. Pedicels, hypanthium abaxi- Jun, fr. Jul–Sep.
ally, and fruit tomentose-villous.
● Slope forests, roadsides, water courses; 600–1400 m. Chong-
● Slopes, roadsides, stream sides, thickets, mountain valleys; 500– qing (Beipei, Nanchuan Xian).

15. PHOTINIA Lindley, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13: 96, 103. 1821.14
石楠属 shi nan shu
Lu Lingdi (陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti); Stephen A. Spongberg
Pourthiaea Decaisne.
Trees or shrubs, deciduous or evergreen. Winter buds small; scales imbricate, few. Leaves alternate, simple, papery or leathery,
venation camptodromous, margin serrate, rarely entire, shortly petiolate; stipules present, usually subulate. Inflorescences terminal,
umbellate or corymbose, rarely shortly paniculate, many flowered, sometimes flowers 2- or 3-clustered or solitary. Hypanthium
cupular or campanulate to cylindric, adnate to ovary or free near apex. Sepals 5, persistent, short. Petals 5, contorted or imbricate in
bud, base clawed. Stamens usually ca. 20. Carpels 2–5, rarely 1; ovary semi-inferior, (1 or)2–5-loculed, in fruit free apically or to 1/3
length; styles (1 or)2–5, free or ± connate, short, dilated apically; stigmas truncate; ovules 2 per locule, erect. Fruit a pome, globose,
ovoid, or ellipsoid, somewhat fleshy, (1- or)2–5-loculed, free from calyx only near apex or to 1/3 length, with persistent, incurved
sepals; carpel crustaceous or membranous, each locule 1- or 2-seeded; seeds erect, testa leathery; cotyledons plano-convex.
About 60 species: E, S, and SE Asia, also in Mexico; 43 species (32 endemic) in China.

14
Extensive contributions were received from Kenneth R. Robertson (ILLS), Herbarium, Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 East Peabody Drive, 172 Natural Resources
Building, Champaign, Illinois 61820-6970, U.S.A.
 ROSACEAE

Wu Zhengyi (editor’s note) believes that Pourthiaea is morphologically distinct from Photinia and should be treated as a separate genus.

Many species of Photinia are ornamental trees and shrubs with large lustrous leaves and attractive white flowers in the spring followed by red
fruits in the autumn. The wood is hard and heavy, suitable for making furniture and other small articles.

1a. Plant evergreen; inflorescence compound-corymbose; rachis and pedicels without lenticels in fruit.
2a. Leaves entire, rarely with few inconspicuous teeth.
3a. Inflorescences glabrous, rarely slightly pilose; leaves leathery, not revolute, both surfaces glabrous .............. 1. P. integrifolia
3b. Inflorescences densely tomentose; leaves thickly leathery, slightly revolute, adaxially glabrous, abaxially
densely tomentose.
4a. Petiole 20–30 mm; lateral veins 20–25 pairs .................................................................................................. 4. P. megaphylla
4b. Petiole 1.5–5 mm; lateral veins 13–17 pairs.
5a. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially glabrous .............................................................................................. 2. P. crassifolia
5b. Hypanthium cylindric, abaxially tomentose ................................................................................................ 3. P. tushanensis
2b. Leaves wholly or partly serrate.
6a. Leaf blade abaxially with black glands.
7a. Inflorescence branches and hypanthium abaxially villous; petiole 10–25(–30) mm, glandular and
toothed .............................................................................................................................................................. 21. P. prunifolia
7b. Inflorescence branches and hypanthium abaxially gray tomentose; petiole 8–15 mm, without glands
and teeth ....................................................................................................................................................... 22. P. raupingensis
6b. Leaf blade abaxially without black glands.
8a. Inflorescence branches glabrous or pilose.
9a. Inflorescences pilose ........................................................................................................................................ 9. P. bodinieri
9b. Inflorescences glabrous.
10a. Petiole usually 2–4 cm ............................................................................................................................ 5. P. serratifolia
10b. Petiole usually 0.4–1.5 cm.
11a. Petiole 10–15 mm; leaf blade elliptic, oblong, or oblong-obovate, apex acuminate ................................ 6. P. glabra
11b. Petiole 4–10 mm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, lorate-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, apex acute or
obtuse.
12a. Leaf blade oblong-lanceolate or lorate-lanceolate, margin crenate, veins 18–20 pairs ................. 7. P. stenophylla
12b. Leaf blade oblanceolate, margin sharply serrate, veins 9–13 pairs .............................................. 8. P. lochengensis
8b. Inflorescence branches usually tomentose.
13a. Leaf margin spiny-serrate.
14a. Branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences tomentose; leaf blade 4.5–7 × 4–5 cm .............................. 19. P. prionophylla
14b. Branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences villous; leaf blade 2–5 × 1–2 cm ..................................... 20. P. berberidifolia
13b. Leaf margin sharply serrate or obtusely serrate.
15a. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous.
16a. Leaf blade oblong, elliptic, or oblong-obovate, apex acute, veins 12–14 pairs ....................................... 10. P. beckii
16b. Leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate, apex obtuse, veins 9–11 pairs ................................................... 11. P. lasiogyna
15b. Leaf blade abaxially pubescent or tomentose.
17a. Leaf blade abaxially pilose.
18a. Inflorescences gray lanuginose; leaf veins 18–20 pairs; petiole 2.5–4 cm ................................... 14. P. lanuginosa
18b. Inflorescences villous; leaf veins 12–15 or 20 pairs; petiole 0.6–2(–2.5) cm.
19a. Leaf margin serrate at least in part, leaf blade oblong-elliptic to obovate-oblong, veins ca.
20 pairs, petiole 0.6–1.2 cm .......................................................................................................... 12. P. chingiana
19b. Leaf margin wholly serrate, leaf blade oblong-ovate, oblong-obovate, or oblong-lanceolate,
veins 12–15 pairs, petiole 1–2(–2.5) cm ................................................................................. 13. P. kwangsiensis
17b. Leaf blade abaxially tomentose.
20a. Petiole 2–4 cm; hypanthium abaxially tomentose .......................................................................... 15. P. glomerata
20b. Petiole usually less than 2 cm; hypanthium abaxially glabrous or tomentose.
21a. Hypanthium glabrous abaxially; leaf veins 30–40 pairs .......................................................... 16. P. anlungensis
21b. Hypanthium tomentose abaxially; leaf veins 10–20 pairs.
22a. Leaf blade oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, abaxially gray tomentose when young,
glabrescent, apex acute or shortly acuminate, margin sparsely minutely sharply serrate,
veins 12–15 pairs .................................................................................................................... 17. P. chihsiniana
22b. Leaf blade lorate-oblong or narrowly lanceolate, abaxially densely and persistently yellow
tomentose, apex obtuse or acute, margin with sparse, sharp or spiny teeth, veins 10–20
pairs ............................................................................................................................................ 18. P. loriformis
1b. Plant deciduous, very rarely evergreen; inflorescence umbellate, corymbose, or compound-corymbose; rachis
and pedicels with prominent lenticels in fruit.
 ROSACEAE

23a. Inflorescence an umbel or corymb, 2–9-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary, rarely more than 9.
24a. Branchlet, petiole, pedicel, and hypanthium abaxially densely pubescent.
25a. Deciduous shrub; flowers 3–8 in umbels or corymbs; pedicel 3–10 mm; leaf apically acuminate to
caudate ................................................................................................................................................................ 42. P. hirsuta
25b. Evergreen shrub; flowers 1 or 2, or 3–6 in umbels or corymbs; pedicel 10–20 mm; leaf apically acute
to shortly acuminate ................................................................................................................................. 43. P. zhejiangensis
24b. Branchlet, petiole, pedicel, and hypanthium abaxially glabrous.
26a. Flowers several to more than 10 in umbels or corymbs; pedicel 1–2.5(–3.2) cm; petals villous
adaxially ......................................................................................................................................................... 39. P. parvifolia
26b. Flowers solitary or 2- or 3(–5)-fascicled; pedicel 2–5 cm; petals glabrous.
27a. Shrub 2(–5) m tall, erect; pedicel often 3–5 cm, glabrous; sepals not toothed; petals white or stained
yellow ......................................................................................................................................................... 40. P. komarovii
27b. Shrub smaller, decumbent; pedicel 0.5–1.8 cm, sparsely villous when young, glabrous when old;
sepals irregularly minutely toothed; petals white .............................................................................. 41. P. chingshuiensis
23b. Inflorescence a corymb or compound corymb, usually more than 10-flowered.
28a. Inflorescence pubescent or tomentose.
29a. Peduncle and pedicels verticillate ............................................................................................................. 32. P. benthamiana
29b. Peduncle and pedicels alternate.
30a. Leaf blade glabrous or pilose abaxially.
31a. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous, apex acuminate, margin sharply serrate, veins 9 or 10 pairs .............. 33. P. pilosicalyx
31b. Leaf blade abaxially pilose, apex caudate or acute to shortly acuminate, margin sharply or
shallowly serrate, veins 5–10(–12) pairs.
32a. Leaf apically caudate, margin densely sharply serrate apically, veins 5–7 pairs .................................... 34. P. villosa
32b. Leaf apically acute to shortly acuminate, margin sparsely shallowly serrate, veins 8–10(–12)
pairs .................................................................................................................................................... 35. P. calleryana
30b. Leaf blade abaxially tomentose.
33a. Leaf margin sparsely serrate or subentire, leaf blade lanceolate or lorate-lanceolate, abaxially
densely gray tomentose when young, subglabrous when old ........................................................ 38. P. podocarpifolia
33b. Leaf margin sharply serrate along entire length, leaf blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate or
lanceolate, abaxially yellowish gray or long gray tomentose at least initially.
34a. Leaf blade oblong or oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, abaxially persistently yellowish
gray tomentose, lateral veins 10–15 pairs; rachis, pedicels, and hypanthium abaxially
sparsely villous, usually glabrate .................................................................................................. 36. P. schneideriana
34b. Leaf blade lanceolate, abaxially initially long gray tomentose, glabrescent, lateral veins 8–10
pairs; rachis, pedicels, and hypanthium abaxially densely long gray tomentose .................................... 37. P. arguta
28b. Inflorescence glabrous.
35a. Leaf blade abaxially tomentose.
36a. Leaf blade 4–8.5 × 1–2 cm, abaxially floccose-tomentose, margin densely minutely serrate, apex
acuminate, veins conspicuous, 8–11 pairs .......................................................................................................... 30. P. tsaii
36b. Leaf blade 3–4 × 0.8–1 cm, abaxially densely yellow tomentose, margin entire or inconspicuously
crenulate, apex ± obtuse or ± acute, veins inconspicuous ................................................................................ 31. P. blinii
35b. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous, rarely puberulous only along veins.
37a. Leaf veins adaxially deeply impressed ................................................................................................ 29. P. impressivena
37b. Leaf veins adaxially slightly impressed.
38a. Leaf apically acute, rarely shortly acuminate.
39a. Leaf basally symmetrical, leaf blade broadly lanceolate, both surfaces glabrous, veins not
oblique, petiole 5–7 mm; fruit obovoid, 6–7 mm in diam. .................................................................. 27. P. bergerae
39b. Leaf basally asymmetric, leaf blade oblong or oblanceolate, abaxially villous along midvein,
veins very oblique, petiole 7–10 mm; fruit ovoid to ellipsoid, 3–4 mm in diam. ................................. 28. P. obliqua
38b. Leaf apically acuminate to caudate.
40a. Leaf margin densely minutely sharply serrate, veins 7–9 pairs ........................................................ 26. P. fokienensis
40b. Leaf margin sparsely serrate, veins 6–16 pairs.
41a. Leaf blade lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, margin revolute, shallowly sharply serrate,
sometimes subentire, lateral veins 12–16 pairs; fruiting pedicel 5–9 mm .......................................... 25. P. callosa
41b. Leaf blade elliptic, oblong, obovate-oblong, ovate-lanceolate, or obovate-lanceolate, margin
not revolute, sharply serrate, lateral veins 6–14 pairs; fruiting pedicel 1–2.5 cm.
42a. Leaf blade adaxially glabrous, sparsely pilose along veins abaxially, veins 9–14 pairs;
fruit ovoid or subglobose; fruiting pedicel 1–2 cm ............................................................... 23. P. beauverdiana
 ROSACEAE

42b. Leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces, veins 6–8 pairs; fruit obovoid or obovoid-ellipsoid;
fruiting pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm ................................................................................................................. 24. P. lucida
1. Photinia integrifolia Lindley, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13: Shrubs evergreen, 4–5 m tall. Branches brown cinereous,
103. 1822. rusty tomentose when young, glabrous when old, with incon-
spicuous lenticels. Petiole 1.5–4 mm, tomentose; leaf blade
全缘石楠 quan yuan shi nan oblong, 6–15 × 1.5–4.5 cm, thickly leathery, veins 15–17 pairs,
Trees evergreen, 5–7 m tall. Branchlets brown, terete, gla- reticulate veins prominent, abaxially somewhat purple when
brous, blackish gray when old, with scattered suborbicular or dry, tomentose along veins, adaxially shiny, glabrous, base
oblong lenticels. Petiole (1–)2–4 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ob- rounded, margin slightly revolute, entire or inconspicuously
long, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 6–12 × 3–5 cm, leathery, dentate, apex acute or obtuse and shortly pointed. Compound
veins 12–17 pairs, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate, rarely corymbs terminal, 9–14 cm in diam., numerous flowered;
rounded, margin entire, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Com- rachis and pedicels densely tomentose. Pedicel 2–3 mm. Flow-
pound corymbs terminal, much branched, 7–12 × 8–15 cm, ers 5–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, ca. 1 mm,
many flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous, rarely puberulous. abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular, 0.5–1 mm, apex acute.
Pedicel 3–5 mm. Flowers 4–5(–8) mm in diam. Hypanthium Petals white, obovate, 2–3 mm, glabrous, base shortly clawed,
cupular, 1–1.5 mm, abaxially glabrous. Sepals broadly triang- apex obtuse. Stamens 20, slightly longer than or nearly as long
ular, 1–1.5 mm, apex obtuse. Petals white or yellowish, orbicu- as petals. Ovary white tomentose apically; styles 2, free, not
lar, 1–2 mm in diam., glabrous, base shortly clawed. Stamens exceeding stamens. Fruit brownish red, ovoid, 6–7 × 5–6 mm.
20, nearly as long as or slightly longer than petals. Ovary pilose Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Nov.
apically; styles 2, shorter than or nearly as long as stamens. ● Sunny slopes, slope thickets; 500–1700 m. Guangxi, Guizhou,
Fruit purplish red, subglobose, 5–6 mm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Yunnan.
May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 34.
3. Photinia tushanensis T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 229.
Evergreen forests; 1200–2700 m. W Guangxi, Guizhou, SE Xi- 1963.
zang, W Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, Thai-
land, Vietnam]. 独山石楠 du shan shi nan

1a. Flowers 4–5 mm in diam., white ......... 1a. var. integrifolia Shrubs evergreen, to 5 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown or
1b. Flowers 7–8 mm in diam., yellowish grayish black when old, densely gray tomentose when young,
............................................................... 1b. var. flavidiflora gradually glabrescent. Petiole nearly absent or short, 3–5 mm,
thick, initially densely tomentose, glabrate; leaf blade oblong-
1a. Photinia integrifolia var. integrifolia elliptic, 11–17 × 3–5 cm, thickly leathery, veins 13–15 pairs,
全缘石楠(原变种) quan yuan shi nan (yuan bian zhong) robust midvein prominently raised abaxially and deeply im-
pressed adaxially, abaxially densely yellowish brown tomen-
Eriobotrya integrifolia (Lindley) Kurz; Photinia integri- tose, glabrate, adaxially initially tomentose, gradually glabre-
folia var. notoniana (Wight & Arnott) Vidal; P. integrifolia var. scent or subglabrous, base rounded, margin slightly revolute,
yunnanensis T. T. Yu; P. notoniana Wight & Arnott; P. sam- entire, undulate, or inconspicuously shallowly serrate, apex
buciflora W. W. Smith; P. scandens Stapf; Stranvaesia scan- acute or obtuse and shortly pointed. Compound corymbs ter-
dens (Stapf) Handel-Mazzetti. minal, compact, 9–10 cm in diam., numerous flowered; rachis
Flowers 4–5 mm in diam. Petals white. and pedicels densely gray tomentose. Pedicel 2–3 mm or nearly
absent. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium cylindric, 3–5
Evergreen forests; 1500–2500 m. W Guangxi, Guizhou, SE mm, abaxially tomentose. Sepals ovate, ca. 1 mm, apex obtuse.
Xizang, W Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, Petals obovate or broadly elliptic, 2–2.5 mm, glabrous, base
Thailand, Vietnam].
shortly clawed. Stamens 20, shorter than petals. Ovary tomen-
1b. Photinia integrifolia var. flavidiflora (W. W. Smith) J. E. tose; styles 2, free. Fruit not seen. Fl. Jun–Jul.
Vidal, Adansonia, n.s., 5: 227. 1965. ● Thickets at mountain summits; 800–900 m. S Guizhou (Dushan
Xian).
黄花全缘石楠 huang hua quan yuan shi nan
4. Photinia megaphylla T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Acta Phytotax.
Photinia flavidiflora W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard.
Sin. 18: 493. 1980.
Edinburgh 10: 59. 1917.
大叶石楠 da ye shi nan
Flowers 7–8 mm in diam. Petals yellowish.
Shrubs evergreen, ca. 3 m tall. Branchlets angulate, dense-
Evergreen forests on slopes; 1200–2700 m. W Yunnan [Myan-
mar]. ly brownish yellow tomentose. Petiole 2–3 mm, densely brown-
ish yellow tomentose; stipules caducous; leaf blade elliptic or
2. Photinia crassifolia H. Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 349. elliptic-obovate, 16–27 × 10–12 cm, veins 20–25 pairs, raised
1915. abaxially and impressed adaxially, abaxially densely brownish
厚叶石楠 hou ye shi nan yellow tomentose, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate or
subrounded, margin obscurely crenate, apex acuminate to cau-
Photinia crassifolia var. denticulata Cardot. date. Compound corymbs terminal, many flowered; rachis and
 ROSACEAE

pedicels densely brownish yellow tomentose. Pedicel 2–5 mm. 5a. Photinia serratifolia var. serratifolia
Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially puberulous or subglabrous.
石楠(原变种) shi nan (yuan bian zhong)
Sepals triangulate-ovate, shorter than tube, apex acute. Ovary
with 2 ovules per locule; styles 2, basally connate. Fruit not Crataegus serratifolia Desfontaines, Tabl. École Bot., ed.
seen. Fl. May–Jun. 3, 288. 1829; Photinia glabra (Thunberg) Maximowicz var.
● Broad-leaved forests on slopes; ca. 1800 m. SE Xizang.
chinensis Maximowicz; P. pustulata Lindley; P. serrulata
Lindley.
5. Photinia serratifolia (Desfontaines) Kalkman, Blumea 21:
424. 1973. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic, narrowly obovate, or obo-
vate-elliptic, 9–22 cm, margin prominently serrate, entire only
石楠 shi nan near base. Rachis, pedicels, hypanthium and petals glabrous.
Shrubs or trees, evergreen, 4–6(–12) m tall. Branchlets Mixed forests, roadsides, slopes, fields; 700–2500 m. Anhui, Fu-
brown or reddish brown when young, brownish gray when old, jian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hu-
glabrous; buds ovoid, 4–7 mm, apex acute to shortly acuminate; nan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [S
India, Indonesia, Japan, Philippines].
scales several, brown. Petiole 2–4 cm, pubescent when young,
glabrescent; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, narrowly obovate, or 5b. Photinia serratifolia var. lasiopetala (Hayata) H. Ohashi,
obovate-elliptic, (6–)9–22 × 3–6.5 cm, leathery, veins 20–30 J. Jap. Bot. 63: 234. 1988.
pairs, midvein raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, abax-
毛瓣石楠 mao ban shi nan
ially long pubescent along veins when young, both surfaces gla-
brous when mature, adaxially lustrous, base rounded or broadly Photinia lasiopetala Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 17.
cuneate, margin sparsely or inconspicuously toothed or entire, 1916; P. serrulata Lindley f. lasiopetala (Hayata) T. Shimizu;
apex acuminate. Compound corymbs terminal, 8–12 × 10–16 P. serrulata var. lasiopetala (Hayata) K. C. Kuan.
cm; rachis and pedicels glabrous, villous, or tomentose. Pedicel Leaf blade obovate-lanceolate, 8–15 cm, margin distinctly
3–5 mm. Flowers 6–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, 1–1.5 serrate, entire only near base. Rachis, pedicels, hypanthium, and
mm, usually glabrous, sometimes abaxially tomentose or basal- petals basally villous.
ly villous. Sepals broadly triangular, 1–1.5 mm, apex acute or
obtuse. Petals white, suborbicular, 3–4 mm in diam., glabrous ● Low mountain areas; ca. 900 m. C Taiwan.
or villous. Stamens 20, outer ones longer than inner ones. 5c. Photinia serratifolia var. daphniphylloides (Hayata) L. T.
Ovary pilose apically; styles 2, sometimes 3, connate at base, Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 277. 2000.
not exceeding stamens; stigma capitate. Fruit red when im-
mature, brownish purple when mature, globose, 5–6 mm in 宽叶石楠 kuan ye shi nan
diam., with 1 seed; seeds brownish, ovoid, 2–2.5 mm, smooth. Photinia daphniphylloides Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 7:
Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep–Oct. 30. 1918; P. serrulata Lindley f. daphniphylloides (Hayata) H.
Mixed forests, roadsides, slopes, fields, mountain areas, sea L. Li; P. serrulata var. daphniphylloides (Hayata) K. C. Kuan.
shores; sea level to 2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guang- Leaves elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 8–16 cm, margin entire
xi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, or very inconspicuously minutely dentate. Rachis and pedicels
Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [S India, Indonesia, Japan, Philip-
tomentose; hypanthium and petals glabrous.
pines].
● Sea shores; sea level. E Taiwan.
1a. Leaf margin prominently serrate, entire only
near base. 5d. Photinia serratifolia var. ardisiifolia (Hayata) H. Ohashi,
2a. Rachis, pedicels, hypanthium, and J. Jap. Bot. 63: 234. 1988.
petals glabrous; leaf blade narrowly 紫金牛叶石楠 zi jin niu ye shi nan
elliptic, narrowly obovate, or
obovate-elliptic ............................ 5a. var. serratifolia Photinia ardisiifolia Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 65.
2b. Rachis, pedicels, hypanthium, and 1915; P. serrulata Lindley f. ardisiifolia (Hayata) H. L. Li; P.
petals basally villous; leaf blade serrulata var. ardisiifolia (Hayata) K. C. Kuan.
obovate-elliptic ............................ 5b. var. lasiopetala Leaves obovate-lanceolate or spatulate-lanceolate, 6–11
1b. Leaf margin entire or very inconspicuously cm, margin entire or inconspicuously shallowly minutely den-
shallowly minutely toothed. tate. Rachis, pedicels, and hypanthium abaxially tomentose;
3a. Leaf blade elliptic or obovate-elliptic, petals glabrous.
8–16 cm; rachis and pedicels
tomentose; hypanthium and ● Mountain areas; medium elevations. E Taiwan.
petals glabrous ................... 5c. var. daphniphylloides 6. Photinia glabra (Thunberg) Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp.
3b. Leaf blade obovate-lanceolate Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 19: 178. 1874.
or spatulate-lanceolate, 6–10
cm; rachis and pedicels tomentose; 光叶石楠 guang ye shi nan
hypanthium abaxially tomentose; Crataegus glabra Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14,
petals glabrous ............................. 5d. var. ardisiifolia 465. 1784.
 ROSACEAE

Trees evergreen, 3–5 m tall, rarely to 7 m tall. Branchlets what undulate, with minute sharp incurved teeth, apex acute,
brown to grayish brown when young, grayish black when old, usually shortly pointed. Compound corymbs terminal, 5–7 cm
glabrous, with scattered brownish black orbicular lenticels; in diam.; rachis and pedicels glabrous. Flowers 3–4 mm in
buds narrowly ovate, 3–5 mm, apex acuminate, rarely acute; diam. Hypanthium campanulate, ca. 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm, abaxi-
scales dark brown, glabrous. Petiole 1–1.5 cm, glabrous; leaf ally glabrous. Sepals erect, broadly triangular, ca. 1 cm. Petals
blade initially reddish, elliptic, oblong, or oblong-obovate, 5–9 white, obovate, ca. 2 mm, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse.
× 2–4 cm, thickly leathery, veins 10–18 pairs, both surfaces Stamens 20, shorter than petals. Ovary white pilose apically;
glabrous, base cuneate, margin with sparse, shallowly crenulate styles 2, rarely 3, free. Fruit subglobose to ovoid-globose, ca. 3
teeth, apex acuminate. Compound corymbs terminal, 6–11 × 7–
mm in diam., glabrous; sepals incurved.
12 cm, numerous flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous. Pedi-
cel 5–8 mm. Flowers 7–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, ● Rocks, stream sides; 100–300 m. NC Guangxi (Luocheng
abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular, 1–1.5 mm, apex acute. Xian), Zhejiang.
Petals white, obovate, 2–3 mm, adaxially white tomentose near 9. Photinia bodinieri H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
base, base shortly clawed, margin revolute, apex obtuse. Sta- Veg. 4: 334. 1907.
mens 20, nearly as long as or slightly shorter than petals. Ovary
pilose apically; styles 2, rarely 3, basally free or connate; stigma 贵州石楠 gui zhou shi nan
capitate. Fruit red, obovate or ovoid, ca. 5 mm, glabrous. Fl.
Trees evergreen, 6–15 m tall. Branchlets yellowish brown
Apr–May, fr. Sep–Oct.
when young, gray when old, sparsely appressed pubescent
Slopes, mixed forests; 500–800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, when young, glabrous when old. Petiole (0.8–)1–1.5 cm, gla-
Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, brous; leaf blade oblong, elliptic or obovate to oblanceolate or
Zhejiang [Japan, Myanmar, Thailand]. narrowly lanceolate, 5–10(–15) × (1.5–)2–5 cm, veins 10–
7. Photinia stenophylla Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 480. 16(–20) pairs, both surfaces glabrous or initially slightly pube-
1933. scent along veins, glabrescent, base cuneate, margin serrate,
apex acute to acuminate. Compound corymbs terminal, com-
窄叶石楠 zhai ye shi nan pact, 5–8 × 5–10 cm, many flowered; rachis and pedicels ap-
Shrubs evergreen, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets brownish to pressed pubescent; bracts caducous, lanceolate or linear, 2–4
reddish brown when young, grayish brown when old, initially mm, pubescent. Pedicel 5–7 mm. Flowers 1–1.2 cm in diam.
slightly pilose, glabrate, with sparse, orbicular lenticels; buds Hypanthium cupular, abaxially sparsely appressed pubescent.
small; scales ± subulate, glabrous. Petiole 4–10 mm, broad, Sepals broadly triangular, 1–2 mm, apex acute or obtuse. Petals
grooved, initially pilose, glabrescent; stipules caducous, brown- white, suborbicular, 3–4 mm in diam., glabrous, shortly clawed,
ish, subulate or linear-subulate, 4–7 mm, glabrous; leaf blade apex obtuse or emarginate. Stamens 20, shorter than petals.
lorate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 3.5–9 × 1–3 cm, lea- Styles 2 or 3, connate from base to middle, white villous basal-
thery, veins 18–20 pairs, midvein raised abaxially, both sur- ly. Fruit yellowish red, globose or ovoid, 7–10 mm in diam.,
faces glabrous, basally gradually attenuate, margin slightly rev- glabrous; seeds 2–4, brown, ovoid, 4–5 mm. Fl. Apr–May, fr.
olute, crenate, apex acute or obtuse and mucronate. Compound Sep–Oct.
corymbs terminal, 3–4 cm in diam., 15–25-flowered; rachis and Forest margins, thickets, valleys, slopes, roadsides, forests; 300–
pedicels glabrous. Pedicel 5–10 mm. Hypanthium cupular, 1.5– 1300 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan,
2 mm, abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular, 1–2 mm, apex Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Indonesia, N Vietnam].
acute. Petals white, 2–3 mm, adaxially white pilose, apex emar-
1a. Leaf blade oblong, elliptic, or obovate to
ginate. Stamens 20, ca. as long as petals. Ovary pilose apically;
oblanceolate, 2–5 cm wide, margin
styles 2, connate, only free near apex, not exceeding stamens.
sharply serrate .......................................... 9a. var. bodinieri
Fruit red, ovoid, 5–7 × 3–5 mm, fleshy, glabrous, smooth, 4-
1b. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, 1.5–3
seeded; sepals incurved. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–Aug.
cm wide, margin obtusely serrate .......... 9b. var. longifolia
Near water courses in mountain valleys, thickets alongside rivers;
9a. Photinia bodinieri var. bodinieri
200–400 m. Guangxi, Guizhou [Thailand].
贵州石楠(原变种) gui zhou shi nan (yuan bian zhong)
8. Photinia lochengensis T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 226.
1963. Hiptage esquirolii H. Léveillé; Photinia davidsoniae Reh-
der & E. H. Wilson.
罗城石楠 luo cheng shi nan
Leaf blade oblong, elliptic, or obovate to oblanceolate, 5–
Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Branchlets purple brown or 10(–15) × 2–5 cm, margin sharply serrate.
blackish brown, sparsely pubescent when young; buds ovoid,
Forest margins, thickets, valleys, rocky slopes; 300–1000 m. An-
small, glabrous, apex acute. Petiole 5–8 mm, initially pubes- hui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu,
cent, glabrescent; leaf blade yellowish brown abaxially when Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Indonesia, N Vietnam].
dried, dark green adaxially, oblanceolate, 3.5–5 × 1–2 cm,
9b. Photinia bodinieri var. longifolia Cardot, Notul. Syst.
leathery, veins 9–13 slender pairs, somewhat raised abaxially,
(Paris) 3: 374. 1918.
both surfaces glabrous except slightly pubescent along midvein
when young, base cuneate, margin slightly revolute and some- 长叶贵州石楠 chang ye gui zhou shi nan
 ROSACEAE

Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, 6.5–13 × 1.5–3 cm, mar- glabrous when old; hypanthium
gin obtusely serrate. glabrous abaxially ............................. 11b. var. glabrescens
● Roadsides, slopes, forests; 600–1300 m. Guizhou. 11a. Photinia lasiogyna var. lasiogyna
10. Photinia beckii C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 倒卵叶石楠(原变种) dao luan ye shi nan (yuan bian zhong)
707. 1906.
Eriobotrya lasiogyna Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 225. 1890;
椭圆叶石楠 tuo yuan ye shi nan Photinia mairei H. Léveillé; Stranvaesia glaucescens Lindley
var. yunnanensis Franchet.
Trees evergreen, 4–5 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown
when old, gray pubescent when young, gradually glabrescent, Rachis, pedicels, and hypanthium abaxially densely to-
glabrous when old; buds ovoid, 3–5 mm, apex acute; scales to- mentose.
mentose. Petiole 0.8–1.5 cm, pubescent when young, glabre- ● Thickets, forests, grassy slopes, fields; 1900–2600 m. Sichuan,
scent; stipules lanceolate, 3–5 mm, tomentose; leaf blade ob- Yunnan.
long, elliptic, or oblong-obovate, 5–8 × 2–3.5 cm, leathery,
shiny adaxially, veins 12–14 slender inconspicuous pairs, both 11b. Photinia lasiogyna var. glabrescens L. T. Lu & C. L. Li,
surfaces glabrous or abaxially puberulous only along midvein Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 278. 2000.
when young, glabrous when old, base rounded or broadly cune- 脱毛石楠 tuo mao shi nan
ate, margin slightly revolute, shallowly obtusely dentate, entire
near base, apex acute and abruptly pointed. Compound corymbs Rachis and pedicels sparsely tomentose-pilose when
terminal, 6–8 × 7–9 cm, compact, numerous flowered; rachis young, soon glabrescent, glabrous when old; hypanthium gla-
and pedicels densely yellow tomentose; bracts dark brown, lan- brous abaxially.
ceolate, 2.5–4 mm, tomentose. Pedicel 1–2 mm. Flowers 5–7 ● Mixed forests, foothills, calcareous slopes; 200–1500 m. Fujian,
mm. Hypanthium glabrous abaxially. Sepals triangular-ovate, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
1–2 mm, glabrous, margin minutely glandular serrate, apex ob-
12. Photinia chingiana Handel-Mazzetti, Sinensia 2: 125. 1932.
tuse. Petals orbicular, 2–3 mm in diam., adaxially pilose, base
shortly clawed. Stamens 20, shorter than or nearly as long as 宜山石楠 yi shan shi nan
petals. Ovary pilose apically; styles 2, connate basally. Fruit el-
Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, to 5 m tall. Branchlets
lipsoid, 6–7 × 4–5 mm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep–Oct.
gray when old, tomentose-villous when young, subglabrous
● Thickets, forest margins, stream sides; 1500–1800 m. SE Yun- when old, with inconspicuous lenticels. Petiole robust, 6–12
nan. mm, villous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to obovate-oblong or
11. Photinia lasiogyna (Franchet) C. K. Schneider, Repert. elliptic-lanceolate, 10–15 × 3–6 cm, leathery, veins ca. 20 pairs,
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 153. 1906. raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, abaxially tomentose-
villous, glabrescent, or densely floccosely tomentose, adaxially
倒卵叶石楠 dao luan ye shi nan glabrous, base rounded, margin revolute, serrate at least in part,
Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets apex acuminate to long caudate. Compound corymbs terminal,
purplish brown when old, pilose when young, glabrous when 5–9 × 6–10 cm; peduncles and pedicels densely tomentose-
old, with yellowish brown lenticels. Petiole 1.5–1.8 cm, initially villous. Pedicel 2–5 mm. Hypanthium cupular, 1–1.5 mm,
slightly puberulous, glabrous when old; leaf blade obovate or abaxially densely gray villous. Sepals triangular, 1–1.5 mm,
oblanceolate, 5–10 × 2.5–3.5 cm, leathery, veins 9–11 pairs and apex acute. Young fruit green, obovoid, 5–6 mm, densely vil-
inconspicuous, both surfaces glabrous or abaxially tomentose- lous, apex with erect triangular sepals and 2 styles. Fr. Aug–
pilose along veins when young, glabrescent, adaxially lustrous, Sep.
base cuneate or gradually attenuate, margin obscurely dentate, ● Forests, valley thickets, river banks; below 1200 m. Guangxi,
apex obtuse or abruptly shortly pointed. Compound corymbs Guizhou.
terminal, 3–5 cm in diam.; rachis and pedicels tomentose,
1a. Leaf blade oblong-elliptic to obovate-
sometimes glabrescent; bracts subulate, 1–2 cm. Pedicel 3–4
oblong, abaxially tomentose-villous,
mm. Flowers 6–12 mm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, abaxially
margin sparsely minutely incurved-
tomentose or glabrous. Sepals broadly triangular. Petals white,
serrate apically, subentire or with few
obovate, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, glabrous, base shortly clawed. Sta-
inconspicuous teeth basally ................. 12a. var. chingiana
mens 20, shorter than petals. Ovary pubescent apically; styles
1b. Leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate, abaxially
2–4, connate basally. Fruit red, obovoid, 4–5 mm in diam., with
densely floccosely tomentose, margin
prominent lenticels. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Nov.
prominently sharply serrate ................ 12b. var. lipingensis
● Thickets, forests, grassy and calcareous slopes, fields, foothills;
200–2600 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, 12a. Photinia chingiana var. chingiana
Yunnan, Zhejiang.
宜山石楠(原变种) yi shan shi nan (yuan bian zhong)
1a. Rachis, pedicels, and hypanthium abaxially
Photinia austroguizhouensis Y. K. Li; P. simplex Y. K. Li
densely tomentose ................................ 11a. var. lasiogyna
& X. M. Wang.
1b. Rachis and pedicels sparsely tomentose-
pilose when young, soon glabrescent, Leaf blade oblong-elliptic to obovate-oblong, abaxially
 ROSACEAE

tomentose-villous, margin sparsely minutely incurved-serrate Fruit not seen. Fl. Apr.
apically, subentire or with few inconspicuous teeth basally.
● Mountain areas. Hunan (Xuefeng Shan), Zhejiang.
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests, open forests, valley thickets,
river banks; below 1200 m. Guangxi, Guizhou.
15. Photinia glomerata Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl.
Wilson. 1: 190. 1912.
12b. Photinia chingiana var. lipingensis (Y. K. Li & M. Z.
Yang) L. T. Lu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 277. 2000. 球花石楠 qiu hua shi nan

黎平石楠 li ping shi nan Eriobotrya griffithii (Decaisne) Franchet; Photinia fran-
chetiana Diels; P. glomerata Rehder & E. H. Wilson var.
Photinia lipingensis Y. K. Li & M. Z. Yang, Bull. Bot. cuneata T. T. Yu; P. glomerata var. microphylla T. T. Yu; P.
Res., Harbin 8(3): 134. 1988. griffithii Decaisne; P. serrulata Lindley var. congestiflora Car-
dot.
Leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate, abaxially densely floccosely
tomentose, margin prominently sharply serrate. Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, 6–10 m tall. Branchlets
● Forests; ca. 400 m. SE Guizhou (Liping Xian). purplish brown or grayish brown when old, terete, densely
yellow tomentose when young, glabrous when old, with many
13. Photinia kwangsiensis H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 62. scattered lenticels; buds ovoid, 3–4 mm, pubescent, apex ob-
1945. tuse; scales dark brown. Petiole 2–4 cm, initially densely to-
广西石楠 guang xi shi nan mentose, later subglabrous; leaf blade oblong or lanceolate to
oblanceolate, leathery, (5–)6–18 × 2.5–6 cm, lateral veins 12–
Trees evergreen, to 15 m tall. Branchlets dark brown or 20 pairs, abaxially densely yellow tomentose, later partly or
grayish brown when young, grayish black when old, terete, wholly glabrescent, adaxially initially tomentose along mid-
initially densely appressed brownish villous, subglabrous when vein, glabrate, base obliquely cuneate to rounded, margin some-
old, with inconspicuous lenticels. Petiole 1–2(–2.5) cm, densely what revolute, serrate, apex shortly acuminate. Compound
villous; leaf blade oblong-ovate, oblong-obovate, or oblong- corymbs terminal, densely glomerate, 5–10 × 6–12 cm, many
lanceolate, 7–12 × 3–4.5 cm, thinly leathery, veins 12–15 pairs, flowered; rachis and pedicels densely yellow tomentose. Pedi-
reticulate veins prominent, abaxially densely brownish villous, cel nearly absent or very short. Flowers fragrant, 4–5 mm in
adaxially glabrous except villous along midvein, base sub-
diam. Hypanthium cupular, 1–1.5 mm, abaxially densely yel-
rounded or broadly cuneate, margin slightly revolute, unevenly
low tomentose. Sepals erect, ovate, 1–1.5 mm, apex acute. Pet-
serrate to doubly serrate, apex acuminate or caudate. Com-
als white, suborbicular, 2–2.5 mm in diam., adaxially pilose
pound corymbs, terminal, 8–9 × 12–13 cm, many flowered;
near base, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens 20, nearly
rachis and pedicels densely brownish villous. Pedicel 3–5 mm.
as long as petals. Styles 2, connate nearly to middle, not ex-
Hypanthium cupular, 1–2 mm, abaxially brownish villous. Se-
ceeding stamens. Fruit red, ovoid, 5–7 × 2.5–4 mm, glabrous.
pals triangular, 1–1.5 mm, apex acute. Petals slightly longer
Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
than sepals. Stamens ca. 20. Fruit orange, subglobose, 5–6 mm
in diam., villous or subglabrous; sepals incurved. Fr. Sep–Oct. ● Mixed forests, thickets, roadsides, slopes; 1500–2600 m. Hubei,
Sichuan, Yunnan.
● Mixed forests, river banks; below 3000 m. E Guangxi.
16. Photinia anlungensis T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 228.
14. Photinia lanuginosa T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 227.
1963.
1963.
安龙石楠 an long shi nan
绵毛石楠 mian mao shi nan
Shrubs evergreen, to 2 m tall. Branchlets dark brown when
Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Branchlets blackish brown
old, initially densely gray tomentose, glabrous when old, with
when old, terete, gray lanuginose when young, gradually gla-
scattered lenticels; buds oblong, 6–8 mm; scales brown, gla-
brescent, subglabrous when old; buds ovoid, 3–4 mm, apex
brous. Petiole 0.8–1.5 cm, initially densely tomentose, subgla-
acute; scales blackish brown, glabrous. Petiole 2.5–4 cm, ini-
brous when old; leaf blade oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or obl-
tially densely gray lanuginose, glabrate; leaf blade dark green
ong-oblanceolate, 10–15 × 3–4.5 cm, leathery, midvein robust,
adaxially, narrowly elliptic, rarely elongated and elliptic-obo-
vate, 8–15 × 4–5 cm, leathery, lateral veins 18–20 pairs, lateral veins ca. 30–34 pairs, raised, slender, abaxially sparsely
abaxially pale, villous only along midvein, adaxially lustrous, gray tomentose along veins, adaxially initially pilose, glabre-
glabrous, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin sharply scent, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin sharply ser-
serrate, entire near base, apex sharply acuminate. Compound rate, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Compound corymbs ter-
corymbs terminal, 7–8 × 9–12 cm, compact, many flowered; minal, ca. 15 cm in diam., many flowered; rachis and branches
rachis and pedicels densely gray lanuginose, glabrescent. Pedi- densely tomentose. Pedicel 2–3 mm, glabrous. Hypanthium
cel 2–5 cm. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, 1– cupular, abaxially glabrous. Sepals ovate-triangular, shorter.
1.5 mm, glabrous or slightly villous. Sepals ovate, 1–1.5 mm, Ovary 2-loculed, apex villous; styles 2. Immature fruit obovoid,
apex obtuse. Petals white, suborbicular, ca. 2 mm in diam., 3–4 mm, glabrous. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Oct.
glabrous, base shortly clawed. Stamens 20, shorter than petals. ● Slopes, forest margins; ca. 1300 m. SW Guizhou (Anlong
Ovary 2-loculed, apex densely villous; styles 2, nearly free. Xian).
 ROSACEAE

17. Photinia chihsiniana K. C. Kuan, Acta Phytotax. Sin 8: brown when young, grayish brown to grayish black when old,
227. 1963. terete, initially short tomentose, glabrous when old; buds ovoid,
apex acute; scales brownish, shortly gray tomentose. Petiole 6–
临桂石楠 lin gui shi nan
15 mm, stout, gray tomentose; stipules subulate or acicular-
Trees evergreen, small, to 4 m tall. Branchlets grayish linear, sparsely tomentose, margin with red glands; leaf blade
black when old, densely gray tomentose when young, subgla- obovate or elliptic-obovate, 4.5–7 × 4–5 cm, leathery, veins 10–
brous when old, with few lenticels; buds brownish, ovoid, 2–3 14 pairs, midvein raised abaxially and impressed adaxially,
mm, gray tomentose, apex acute. Petiole 0.5–2 cm, initially abaxially densely gray tomentose, adaxially initially sparsely
gray tomentose, glabrate; stipules caducous, subulate, 3–4 mm, tomentose, glabrescent, base narrowly cuneate, margin spiny-
gray tomentose; leaf blade greenish abaxially, dark green adax- serrate, apex obtuse or acute to acuminate. Compound corymbs
ially, oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, 5–11 × 1.5–3 cm, lea- terminal, 4–8 × 6–10 cm, many flowered; rachis and pedicels
thery, lateral veins 12–15 pairs, both surfaces initially gray to- densely tomentose; bracts subulate, 2–2.5 mm. Pedicel 2–4
mentose, glabrate, adaxially shiny, base gradually attenuate, mm. Flowers 7–9 mm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, 2–3 mm,
margin somewhat revolute, sparsely minutely sharply serrate, abaxially densely tomentose. Sepals triangular, 1–2 mm, mar-
apex acute or shortly acuminate. Compound corymbs terminal, gin with black glands, apex acute or obtuse. Petals white, sub-
6–7 cm in diam.; rachis and pedicels densely gray tomentose. orbicular, 3–4 mm in diam., adaxially tomentose. Stamens 20,
Pedicel 3–7 mm. Flowers ca. 5 mm in diam. Hypanthium slightly shorter than or nearly as long as petals. Ovary densely
cupular, 1–1.5 mm, abaxially gray tomentose. Sepals ovate-tri- long tomentose; styles 2, connate toward base, somewhat not
angular, 1–1.5 mm, apex obtuse. Petals suborbicular, 3–4 mm exceeding stamens. Fruit red, ovoid or obovoid, 6–8 mm in
in diam., glabrous. Stamens 20, nearly as long as or slightly diam., initially tomentose, glabrescent. Fl. May, fr. Sep–Nov.
longer than petals. Ovary pilose apically; styles 2, free, not ● Sunny rocky slopes, near water courses, thickets, roadsides,
much exceeding stamens. Fruit dark red, ovoid, 3–4 × 2–3 mm; mixed forests; 1800–3000 m. Yunnan.
sepals gray tomentose; seeds black, 2 or 3, ellipsoid, 2–3 mm,
Fl. Apr–May, fr. Oct–Nov. 1a. Plant tomentose throughout ............. 19a. var. prionophylla
1b. Plant glabrous when mature .................. 19b. var. nudifolia
● Sparse forests in mountain valleys, slopes; 300–1000 m. NE
Guangxi (Guilin Shi, Lingui Xian), Hunan. 19a. Photinia prionophylla var. prionophylla
18. Photinia loriformis W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. 刺叶石楠(原变种) ci ye shi nan (yuan bian zhong)
Edinburgh 10: 60. 1917.
Eriobotrya prionophylla Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 225. 1890.
带叶石楠 dai ye shi nan
Plants tomentose throughout.
Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, to 3 m tall. Branchlets
grayish brown when old, initially densely appressed yellow to- ● Sunny rocky slopes, near water courses, thickets by roadsides;
2500–3000 m. NW Yunnan.
mentose, subglabrous when old, with scattered lenticels; buds
ellipsoid, yellow tomentose, apex acute. Petiole 3–12 mm, 19b. Photinia prionophylla var. nudifolia Handel-Mazzetti,
densely yellow tomentose; leaf blade lorate-oblong or narrowly Symb. Sin. 7: 480. 1933.
lanceolate, 4–9 × 1–2 cm, leathery, veins 10–20 pairs, raised
abaxially and impressed adaxially, abaxially densely yellow to- 无毛刺叶石楠 wu mao ci ye shi nan
mentose, adaxially lustrous, glabrous when old, base broadly Plants glabrous when mature.
cuneate, margin revolute when dry, with sparse, sharp or spiny
● Mixed forests, roadsides; ca. 1800 m. Yunnan.
teeth, apex obtuse and mucronate, or acute and spiny pointed.
Compound corymbs terminal, 4–7 cm in diam., numerous flow- 20. Photinia berberidifolia Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent,
ered, glomerate; rachis and pedicels yellow tomentose, glabrate Pl. Wilson. 1: 191. 1912.
in fruit; bracts caducous, linear. Pedicel 2–5 mm. Flowers 3–5
小檗叶石楠 xiao bo ye shi nan
mm. Hypanthium cupular, ca. 2 mm, abaxially tomentose. Se-
pals ovate, 1–1.5 cm, apex obtuse. Petals white, orbicular, ca. 3 Shrubs evergreen, to 60 cm tall. Branchlets purplish brown
mm in diam., glabrous. Stamens 20, much shorter than petals; when old, densely appressed villous when young, glabrous
styles 2, free, long tomentose basally. Fruit red, ovoid, 4–6 × 3– when old. Petiole 2.5–6 mm, initially villous, glabrate; stipules
5 mm; sepals erect, sparsely pubescent; seeds 2–4. Fl. Apr– linear-lanceolate, nearly as long as petiole, with 2–4 teeth per
May, fr. Aug–Sep. side; leaf blade obovate or oblong-obovate, 2–5 × 1–2 cm,
leathery, midvein prominent, raised abaxially and impressed
● Forests on dry slopes, fields, mountain valleys; 2100–2700 m.
adaxially, veins 6–10 pairs, abaxially appressed villous, later
Sichuan, Yunnan.
subglabrous, adaxially lucid, glabrous, base cuneate, margin
19. Photinia prionophylla (Franchet) C. K. Schneider, Repert. somewhat incurved, spiny-serrate, apex acute or obtuse. Com-
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 153. 1906. pound corymbs terminal, 2.5–3 cm; rachis angulate, villous;
bracts persistent, linear-lanceolate, subglabrous, with few teeth.
刺叶石楠 ci ye shi nan
Pedicel 2–5 mm, villous. Flowers 9–10 mm in diam. Hypan-
Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, 1–3 m tall, tomentose thium cupular, ca. 3 mm in diam., abaxially sparsely villous.
throughout or glabrescent. Branchlets brownish to reddish Sepals broadly ovate, apex obtuse. Petals white, suborbicular,
 ROSACEAE

3.5–4 mm in diam., apex usually emarginate. Stamens 20, ca. 重齿桃叶石楠 chong chi tao ye shi nan
1/2 length of petals. Ovary 2-loculed, densely pilose apically;
styles 2, connate to middle, villous, not exceeding stamens. Leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, base cuneate, margin promi-
Fruit not seen. Fl. May, fr. Aug–Oct. nently doubly serrate, apex acute. Hypanthium glabrous.
● Mountain valleys; 2200–2400 m. W Sichuan. ● Slopes, bamboo forests by roadsides. Fujian, Guangxi, Zhe-
jiang.
21. Photinia prunifolia (Hooker & Arnott) Lindley, Bot. Reg.,
n.s., 10: sub t. 1956. 1837. 22. Photinia raupingensis K. C. Kuan, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8:
228. 1963.
桃叶石楠 tao ye shi nan
饶平石楠 rao ping shi nan
Trees evergreen, 10–20 m tall. Branchlets dark purplish
brown to grayish black, glabrous, with yellowish brown sub- Trees evergreen, 4–5 m tall. Branchlets densely villous,
orbicular lenticels; buds ovoid, 2.5–4 mm, apex shortly acumi- gradually glabrescent, purplish black and glabrous when old,
nate or acute; scales several, dark brown, puberulous when lenticels smaller. Petiole 0.8–1.5 cm, usually glabrous, without
young, glabrous when old. Petiole 1–2.5(–3) cm, glabrous, with glands and teeth; leaf blade oblong, obovate, or oblong-elliptic,
many glands, sometimes with teeth; leaf blade oblong or ob- 4–8 × 2–3 cm, leathery, midvein initially sparsely villous, later
long-lanceolate, 7–13 × 3–5 cm, leathery, veins 13–15 pairs, glabrous, prominently raised abaxially, impressed adaxially,
both surfaces glabrous, rarely slightly pilose when young, soon lateral veins 12–17 pairs, abaxially with black glands, adaxially
glabrescent, abaxially with black glands, adaxially lustrous, glabrous, base cuneate, margin minutely serrate, entire near
base rounded to cuneate, margin densely minutely sharply ser- base, apex acute or obtuse. Compound corymbs terminal, 3–7
rate or doubly serrate, apex acuminate or acute. Compound cm in diam., dense, numerous flowered; rachis and pedicels
corymbs terminal, 8–11 × 12–16 cm, compact, many flowered; densely gray tomentose; bracts subulate or linear, 3–4 mm, gray
rachis and pedicels slightly villous; bracts caducous, lanceolate tomentose. Flowers 7–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, 1–2
or linear, 2–4 mm, somewhat villous, later glabrous. Pedicel 4– mm, abaxially densely gray tomentose. Sepals triangular, 1–1.5
8 mm. Flowers 7–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, 2–2.5 mm, apex acute. Petals white, obovate, 2–3 mm, basally to-
mm, abaxially glabrous or initially villous, glabrescent. Sepals mentose, apex obtuse. Stamens 20, shorter than petals. Ovary 2-
triangular, 1–2 mm, apex acuminate or acute. Petals white, obo- loculed, apex pilose; styles 2, connate basally. Fruit red, ovoid,
vate, 3–4.5 mm, base tomentose, apex obtuse. Stamens 20, 5–6 × 3–4 mm; seeds brownish, ovoid, ca. 2 mm. Fl. May–Jun,
slightly shorter than or nearly as long as petals. Ovary pubes- fr. Oct–Nov.
cent apically; styles 2(or 3), connate basally, somewhat not ex- ● Mixed forests on slopes, mountain valleys, rocky areas; 500–
ceeding stamens. Fruit red, ellipsoid, 7–11 × 4–7 mm, glabrous, 1000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi.
with 2(or 3) seeds. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Oct–Nov.
23. Photinia beauverdiana C. K. Schneider, Bull. Herb. Bois-
Hills, slopes, stream sides, forests, bamboo forests by roadsides; sier, sér. 2, 6: 319. 1906.
200–1700 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi,
Yunnan, Zhejiang [Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Vietnam]. 中华石楠 zhong hua shi nan
1a. Leaf margin minutely sharply serrate, Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, 3–10 m tall. Branchlets
apex acuminate, blade oblong or oblong- purplish brown to blackish brown, terete, usually glabrous, with
lanceolate, base broadly cuneate to scattered gray lenticels; buds ovoid, puberulous, apex acute;
rounded; hypanthium villous ............... 21a. var. prunifolia scales several, dark brown. Petiole 5–10 mm, puberulous; leaf
1b. Leaf margin prominently doubly serrate, blade oblong, ovate, or elliptic to obovate, (3–)5–13 × 2–5 cm,
apex acute, blade oblong-lanceolate, base papery, veins (6–)9–14 pairs, abaxially pilose along veins,
cuneate; hypanthium glabrous ........... 21b. var. denticulata adaxially lustrous, glabrous, base cuneate to rounded, margin
serrate, apex acute or shortly acuminate to caudate. Compound
21a. Photinia prunifolia var. prunifolia
corymbs terminal, 4–7 × 5–10 cm, many flowered; rachis and
桃叶石楠(原变种) tao ye shi nan (yuan bian zhong) pedicels glabrous, with numerous oblong lenticels; bracts
brown, linear, 3–5 mm, glabrous. Pedicel 0.7–1.5 cm, to 2 cm
Photinia serrulata Lindley var. prunifolia Hooker & in fruit. Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, 1–1.5
Arnott, Bot. Beechey Voy. 185. 1833; P. consimilis Handel- mm, abaxially usually glabrous. Sepals broadly triangular or
Mazzetti; P. melanostigma Hance. triangular-ovate, 1–2 mm, apex acute or ± obtuse. Petals white,
ovate or obovate, 2–4 × 2.5–3.5 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse.
Leaf blade oblong or oblong-lanceolate, base broadly cu-
Stamens 20, slightly shorter than or nearly as long as petals.
neate to rounded, margin minutely sharply serrate, apex acumi-
Styles (2 or)3, somewhat not exceeding stamens, basally con-
nate. Hypanthium villous.
nate. Fruit purplish red, ovoid or subglobose, 7–8 × 5–6 mm,
Hills, grassy slopes, stream sides, forests; 200–1700 m. Fujian, glabrous, slightly lenticellate. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–Aug.
Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang
[Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Vietnam]. Slopes, rocks, mountain sides, valleys, river sides, thickets, for-
ests; 200–3000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, He-
21b. Photinia prunifolia var. denticulata T. T. Yu, Acta Phy- nan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yun-
totax. Sin. 8: 228. 1963. nan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, N Vietnam].
 ROSACEAE

1a. Leaf blade 5–13 cm, apex acute to 20, unequal in length. Styles 2 or 3, connate, only free apically,
shortly acuminate, lateral veins pilose basally, not exceeding stamens. Fruit dark red, obovoid
9–14 pairs ....................................... 23a. var. beauverdiana or obovoid-ellipsoid, 5–8 × 3–6 mm, glabrous, with dense, sub-
1b. Leaf blade 3–6 cm, apex shortly orbicular lenticels. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep.
acuminate to caudate, lateral veins
● Broad-leaved forests, thickets; 300–400 m. Taiwan.
6–8 pairs ............................................... 23b. var. brevifolia
25. Photinia callosa Chun ex T. T. Yu & K. C. Kuan, Acta
23a. Photinia beauverdiana var. beauverdiana
Phytotax. Sin. 8: 229. 1963.
中华石楠(原变种) zhong hua shi nan (yuan bian zhong)
厚齿石楠 hou chi shi nan
Photinia beauverdiana var. notabilis (C. K. Schneider)
Rehder & E. H. Wilson; P. cavaleriei H. Léveillé; P. kudoi Ma- Pourthiaea callosa (Chun ex T. T. Yu & K. C. Kuan) Ike-
samune; P. notabilis C. K. Schneider; Pourthiaea beauverdiana tani & H. Ohashi.
(C. K. Schneider) Hatusima; P. beauverdiana var. notabilis (C. Shrubs or trees, deciduous, to 12 m tall. Branchlets grayish
K. Schneider) Hatusima. brown to blackish brown, glabrous, with few yellow lenticels;
Leaf blade oblong, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or obovate-ob- buds ovoid, 2–3 mm; scales brown, glabrous. Petiole 0.5–1.5
long, 5–13 cm, lateral veins 9–14 pairs, apex acute to shortly cm, glabrous; leaf blade lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 5.5–13
acuminate. × 1.5–3.5 cm, papery, veins 12–16 pairs, midvein prominently
raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, both surfaces gla-
Slopes, mountain sides, valleys, thickets, forests; 200–3000 m. brous, base cuneate, margin slightly revolute, shallowly sharply
Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, serrate, sometimes subentire, apex caudate or acuminate. Com-
Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan,
pound corymbs terminal, 4–6 cm in diam., many flowered;
N Vietnam].
rachis and pedicels glabrous, lenticellate. Pedicel 3–7 mm.
23b. Photinia beauverdiana var. brevifolia Cardot, Notul. Flowers 6–9 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, 1–2 mm,
Syst. (Paris) 3: 378. 1918. abaxially glabrous. Sepals ovate, ca. 1/2 as long as hypanthium,
apex obtuse. Petals white, obovate-oblong, 2–3 mm, glabrous,
短叶中华石楠 duan ye zhong hua shi nan
base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens 20, slightly shorter
Pourthiaea beauverdiana var. brevifolia (Cardot) Iketani than petals. Styles 2 or 3, mostly connate, glabrous. Fruit ovoid-
& H. Ohashi. globose, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 5–9 mm,
with distinct lenticels; seeds black, ovoid, ca. 4 mm. Fl. Apr–
Leaf blade ovate or elliptic to obovate, 3–6 cm, lateral May, fr. Aug–Sep.
veins 6–8 pairs, apex shortly acuminate to caudate.
● Sparse forests in mountain valleys, slopes; 400–800 m. Guang-
● Slopes, rocks in valleys, river sides, forests; 400–1400 m. dong, Guangxi.
?Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
26. Photinia fokienensis (Finet & Franchet) Franchet ex Car-
24. Photinia lucida (Decaisne) C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb. dot, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 26: 570. 1920.
Laubholzk. 1: 710. 1906.
福建石楠 fu jian shi nan
台湾石楠 tai wan shi nan
Photinia glabra Hemsley var. fokienensis Finet & Fran-
Pourthiaea lucida Decaisne, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. chet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 207. 1899; Pourthiaea fokien-
10: 148. 1874; Photinia taiwanensis Hayata; P. villosa (Thun- ensis (Finet & Franchet) Iketani & H. Ohashi.
berg) Candolle var. formosana Hance; Pourthiaea formosana
Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, 3–5 m tall. Branchlets
(Hance) Koidzumi.
brownish to brownish black, slender, with scattered lenticels;
Trees deciduous, small, 4–5(–6) m tall. Branchlets reddish buds ovoid, 3–5 mm, glabrous. Petiole 5–10 mm, glabrous; leaf
brown when young, grayish brown or purplish brown when old, blade lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 7–11 × 1.5–4 cm, thinly
terete, gray pubescent when young, glabrous when old, with papery, veins 7–9 pairs, midvein raised abaxially and impressed
oblong lenticels; buds ovoid, 2–4 mm, puberulous, apex acute adaxially, both surfaces glabrous or puberulous along midvein
or ± obtuse; scales several, dark brown. Petiole 3–7 mm, gla- abaxially, base cuneate, margin densely minutely sharply ser-
brous; leaf blade obovate-oblong or obovate-lanceolate, 5–9 × rate, apex long acuminate. Compound corymbs terminal, 3–7 ×
2–3 cm, papery, veins 6–8 pairs, both surfaces glabrous, base 3–5 cm, loose, few flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous,
gradually attenuate, margin sparsely minutely serrate, entire lenticellate. Pedicel 0.8–1.2 cm, slender. Flowers 1–1.2 cm in
toward base, apex caudate. Compound corymbs terminal, 3–6 × diam. Hypanthium cupular, 2–3 mm, abaxially glabrous. Sepals
4–6 cm, many flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous or slightly triangular-ovate, 1–2 mm and nearly as broad, apex acute.
pubescent when young, glabrate. Pedicel 5–10 mm, to 2.5 cm in Petals white, broadly obovate or suborbicular, 4–6 mm in
fruit, with a pair of subulate bracts 2–3 mm at base. Flowers 7– diam., base clawed, apex emarginate. Stamens ca. 20, shorter
10 mm. Hypanthium cupular, 2–2.5 mm, abaxially glabrous. than petals. Ovary pilose apically; styles 3, connate nearly to
Sepals triangular, 1–1.5 mm, apex acute. Petals white, orbicular apex, equaling or lower than stamens. Fruit reddish brown, obo-
or broadly obovate, 3–3.5 mm in diam., base shortly clawed void or subglobose, 6–8 mm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Apr–May,
and pilose, apex obtuse, sometimes emarginate. Stamens 15– fr. July–Sep.
 ROSACEAE

● Mountain valley forests; 500–700 m. Fujian, Zhejiang. pals triangular-ovate, slightly shorter than hypanthium, apex
27. Photinia bergerae C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. acute. Petals white, ovate, 3–4 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse.
1: 709. 1906. Stamens 20, longer than petals, glabrous. Styles 2, connate
nearly to middle. Fruit red, ovoid-ellipsoid, 8–10 × 6–8 mm,
湖北石楠 hu bei shi nan glabrous, few lenticellate; sepals urceolate; fruiting pedicels 1–
Pourthiaea bergerae (C. K. Schneider) Iketani & H. Oha- 1.8 cm, with dense lenticels. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep–Oct.
shi. Forests, thickets, mountain valleys, stream sides; 400–3000 m.
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [Vietnam].
Shrubs deciduous, to 1.5 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown
or purplish brown, lucid, glabrous, with sparse lenticels; buds 1a. Petiole 1–2 mm; compound corymb
ovoid; scales several, brown, glabrous. Petiole 5–7 mm, gla- 3–4 cm in diam., few flowered; rachis,
brous; leaf blade broadly lanceolate, 4–6 × 1–2 cm, papery, lat- pedicels, and hypanthium abaxially
eral veins 4–7 pairs, both surfaces glabrous, adaxially lustrous, glabrous; pedicel 4–10 mm ............ 29a. var. impressivena
base cuneate, margin sharply serrate, apex acute. Compound 1b. Petiole 5–8 mm; compound corymb
corymbs terminal, 3–4 × 4–6 cm; rachis and pedicels sparsely 5–10 cm in diam., many flowered;
lenticellate, glabrous. Pedicel 6–8(–10) mm. Flowers ca. 1 cm rachis, pedicels, and hypanthium
in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, 3–4 mm in diam., glabrous. abaxially white tomentose; pedicel
Sepals broadly ovate, slightly shorter than hypanthium, ciliate, 2–3 mm ........................................... 29b. var. urceolocarpa
apex obtuse. Petals broadly elliptic, adaxially slightly pilose,
29a. Photinia impressivena var. impressivena
base shortly clawed. Stamens 20–25, slightly longer than petals.
Ovary villous apically; styles 3, mostly connate, only free 陷脉石楠(原变种) xian mai shi nan (yuan bian zhong)
apically. Fruit purplish red, obovoid, 7–8 × 6–7 mm. Fl. Apr–
Photinia euphlebia Merrill & Chun; Pourthiaea impressi-
May, fr. Sep–Oct.
vena (Hayata) Iketani & H. Ohashi; Stranvaesia impressivena
● Slopes; ca. 1000 m. W Hubei. (Hayata) Masamune.
28. Photinia obliqua Stapf, Bot. Mag. 149: t. 9008. 1924. Petiole 1–2 mm. Compound corymbs 3–4 mm in diam.,
斜脉石楠 xie mai shi nan few flowered; rachis, pedicels, and hypanthium abaxially gla-
brous. Pedicel 4–10 mm.
Pourthiaea obliqua (Stapf) Iketani & H. Ohashi.
● Mixed forests, mountain valleys, stream sides; 400–3000 m. Fu-
Shrubs deciduous. Branchlets blackish purple, glabrous, jian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan.
sparsely lenticellate; buds narrowly ovoid, 3–5 mm; scales sev-
eral, blackish purple. Petiole 7–10 mm, slightly pubescent or 29b. Photinia impressivena var. urceolocarpa (J. E. Vidal) J.
glabrous; leaf blade oblong or oblanceolate, 5–9 × 2.5–3 cm, E. Vidal, Fl. Cambodge, Laos & Vietnam 6: 51. 1968.
veins very oblique, 5–7 pairs, prominent abaxially, glabrous ex- 毛序陷脉石楠 mao xu xian mai shi nan
cept abaxially villous along midvein, base very obliquely cune-
ate, margin minutely sharply serrate, apex acute or shortly acu- Photinia lancilimba J. E. Vidal var. urceolocarpa J. E. Vi-
minate. Inflorescences and flowers not seen. Infructescences dal, Notul. Syst. 13: 299. 1948; Pourthiaea impressivena var.
compound corymbs, 6–8 × 8–10 cm; rachis and pedicels gla- urceolocarpa (J. E. Vidal) Iketani & H. Ohashi.
brous, lenticellate. Fruit ovoid to ellipsoid, 5–6 × 3–4 mm;
Petiole 5–8 mm. Compound corymbs 5–10 cm in diam.,
fruiting pedicels 1–1.5 cm.
many flowered; rachis, pedicels, and hypanthium abaxially
● E Fujian (Fuzhou Shi). white tomentose. Pedicel 2–3 mm.
29. Photinia impressivena Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 67. Forests, thickets; ca. 500 m. Guangxi [Vietnam].
1915. 30. Photinia tsaii Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 274. 1938.
陷脉石楠 xian mai shi nan 福贡石楠 fu gong shi nan
Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, 2–6 m tall. Branchlets
Pourthiaea tsaii (Rehder) Iketani & H. Ohashi.
purplish brown, terete, villous when young, glabrescent, with
suborbicular lenticels; buds reddish brown, ovoid, apex acute. Shrubs deciduous, 0.5–1.5 m tall, or trees to 7 m tall.
Petiole reddish, very short, 1–2(–8) mm, glabrous; leaf blade Branchlets purplish brown when old, initially densely gray
oblong-obovate or oblong-oblanceolate, 5–10 × 1.5–3 cm, thin- floccose-tomentose, subglabrous when old, lenticellate. Petiole
ly leathery, veins 6–9 pairs, raised abaxially and deeply im- 3–10 mm, gray floccose-tomentose when young, gradually gla-
pressed adaxially, anastomosing at leaf margin, both surfaces brescent; leaf blade lanceolate or oblong, 4–8.5 × 1–2 cm,
glabrous, adaxially shiny, base cuneate or attenuate into peti- papery, veins 8–11 pairs, midvein raised abaxially and impress-
oles, margin sparsely minutely serrate, apex acuminate. Com- ed adaxially, abaxially initially floccose-tomentose, glabrescent,
pound corymbs terminal, 3–4(–10) mm in diam., few to many adaxially slightly rugulose, glabrous, base gradually attenuate,
flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous or tomentose, lenticel- margin densely minutely serrate, apex acuminate. Inflores-
late. Pedicel (2–)4–10 mm. Flowers 6–7 mm in diam. Hypan- cences and flowers not seen. Infructescences terminal, 4–5 cm
thium campanulate, 4–5 mm in diam., abaxially glabrous. Se- in diam.; rachis and pedicels glabrous, with dense, prominent
 ROSACEAE

lenticels; fruiting pedicels 2–5 mm. Fruit red, ovoid, 8–10 × 6– lanceolate, base attenuate ............... 32a. var. benthamiana
8 mm, glabrous; sepals persistent, erect, triangular, slightly pi- 1b. Leaf blade oblong-obovate or narrowly
lose; ovary 2- or 3-loculed; seeds 2–6, yellowish brown, 4–4.5 lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, base
mm. Fr. Sep–Oct. broadly cuneate or attenuate.
2a. Leaf blade oblong-obovate, 3–4
● Slopes, forest margins; 1500–2000 m. NW Yunnan.
cm wide, base broadly cuneate ..... 32b. var. obovata
31. Photinia blinii (H. Léveillé) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 17: 2b. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate to
335. 1936. ovate-lanceolate, 1–2.5 cm wide,
base attenuate ............................... 32c. var. salicifolia
短叶石楠 duan ye shi nan
32a. Photinia benthamiana var. benthamiana
Cotoneaster blinii H. Léveillé, Cat. Pl. Yunnan 229. 1917;
Pourthiaea blinii (H. Léveillé) Iketani & H. Ohashi. 闽粤石楠(原变种) min yue shi nan (yuan bian zhong)

Shrubs deciduous. Branchlets purplish red when young, Pourthiaea benthamiana (Hance) Nakai; Stranvaesia
purplish brown when old, densely tomentose when young, benthamiana (Hance) Merrill.
glabrous when old, with scattered small lenticels. Petiole very Leaf blade obovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2–5 cm
short or nearly absent, densely yellow tomentose; leaf blade wide, base attenuate.
lanceolate, 3–4 × 0.8–1 cm, veins inconspicuous, midvein
somewhat raised abaxially and slightly impressed adaxially, Slopes, mountain valleys, forests, thickets, roadsides; 200–2500
m. Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei, Hunan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Vietnam].
abaxially densely yellow tomentose, adaxially initially tomen-
tose, gradually glabrescent, base cuneate and gradually attenu- 32b. Photinia benthamiana var. obovata H. L. Li, J. Arnold
ate, margin entire or rarely inconspicuously crenulate, apex ± Arbor. 25: 208. 1944.
obtuse or ± acute. Inflorescences and flowers not seen. In-
倒卵叶闽粤石楠 dao luan ye min yue shi nan
fructescences terminal, corymbose, 1.8–2 cm, compact; rachis
and pedicels purplish brown, short, glabrous, with distinct len- Pourthiaea benthamina var. obovata (H. L. Li) Iketani &
ticels. Stamens ca. 20. Styles 3. Fruit ovoid-globose, 6–7 mm, H. Ohashi.
ovary 3-loculed; sepals incurved, triangular, 1–1.5 mm. Fl.
Leaf blade oblong-obovate, 3–4 cm wide, base broadly cu-
Aug–Sep, fr. Oct.
neate.
● River beds; ca. 600 m. Guizhou. ● Dense forests on slopes; ca. 1000 m. Hainan.
32. Photinia benthamiana Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5, 32c. Photinia benthamiana var. salicifolia Cardot, Notul.
5: 213. 1866. Syst. (Paris) 3: 376. 1918.
闽粤石楠 min yue shi nan 柳叶闽粤石楠 liu ye min yue shi nan
Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, 3–10 m tall. Branchlets Pourthiaea benthamina var. salicifolia (Cardot) Iketani &
dark reddish brown or purplish brown when young, grayish H. Ohashi.
black when old, initially densely gray villous, glabrous when
Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 1–2.5
old, with elliptic lenticels; buds narrowly ovoid, 3–5 × 2–3 mm,
cm wide, base attenuate.
apex acute; scales several, brown, villous. Petiole 3–10 mm,
gray villous; leaf blade obovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate to Mountain forests, thickets, river banks; 900–1700 m. Guangxi,
narrowly lanceolate, 5–11 × 2–5 cm, papery, veins 5–8 pairs, Hainan, Yunnan [Laos, Thailand, Vietnam].
both surfaces sparsely gray villous when young, later glabrous 33. Photinia pilosicalyx T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 231.
or only with few long hairs along veins abaxially, base at- 1963.
tenuate or broadly cuneate, margin sparsely serrate, apex acute
or obtuse. Compound corymbs terminal, 4–6(–7) × 5–7 cm, nu- 毛果石楠 mao guo shi nan
merous flowered; peduncles and pedicels gray villous; bracts Pourthiaea pilosicalyx (T. T. Yu) Iketani & H. Ohashi.
subulate, 2–4 mm, villous. Pedicel 3–5 mm. Flowers 7–8 mm in
diam. Hypanthium cupular, 3–4 mm, abaxially villous. Sepals Shrubs deciduous, ca. 4 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown,
triangular, 1–1.5 mm. Petals white, obovate or orbicular, 3–4 glabrous, lenticellate; buds dark brown, ovoid, sparsely pilose,
mm, adaxially glabrous or puberulous, apex obtuse or emar- apex acute. Petiole 5–7 mm, glabrous; leaf blade yellowish
ginate. Stamens 20, nearly as long as or slightly shorter than brown abaxially, dark green adaxially, lanceolate or oblong-
petals. Styles 2 or 3, somewhat not exceeding stamens, gla- lanceolate, 5–11 × 1.5–4.5 cm, membranous, midvein promi-
brous, connate basally. Fruit ovoid or subglobose, 4–6 × 3–5 nent abaxially and impressed adaxially, veins 9 or 10 pairs,
mm, sparsely yellow pubescent. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jul–Aug. adaxially somewhat lustrous, both surfaces glabrous, base
cuneate, margin sharply serrate, apex acuminate. Compound
Slopes, mountain valleys, forests, thickets, roadsides, river banks; corymbs terminal, 4–8 cm in diam., many flowered; rachis and
200–2500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan,
pedicels yellow pilose; hypanthium yellow pilose abaxially.
Yunnan, Zhejiang [Laos, Thailand, Vietnam].
Flowers not seen. Young fruit ovoid, 5–6 × 3–4 mm, pilose,
1a. Leaf blade obovate-oblong or oblong- with suberect incurved sepals, and 2 free styles.
 ROSACEAE

● Mixed forests, forests on foothills; 1000–1200 m. SW Guizhou 34b. Photinia villosa var. sinica Rehder & E. H. Wilson in
(Anlong Xian, Xingyi Xian). Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 186. 1912.
34. Photinia villosa (Thunberg) Candolle, Prodr. 2: 631. 1825. 庐山石楠 lu shan shi nan
鸡丁子 ji ding zi Photinia cardotii F. P. Metcalf; P. parvifolia (E. Pritzel)
Shrubs or trees, deciduous, 2–5 m tall. Branchlets dark C. K. Schneider var. kankaoensis (Hatusima) T. T. Yu & K. C.
brown to reddish brown when young, grayish brown when old, Kuan; P. subumbellata Rehder & E. H. Wilson var. villosa
initially white villous, glabrous when old, with scattered oblong Cardot; Pourthiaea kankaoensis Hatusima; P. villosa var. sinica
(Rehder & E. H. Wilson) Migo.
or elliptic lenticels; buds ovoid, 2–4 mm, apex acute to shortly
acuminate; scales brown, glabrous. Petiole 2–6 mm, villous; Petioles, leaf blade, and pedicels sparsely white villous.
leaf blade obovate, oblong-obovate, or elliptic, 3–8 × 2–4 cm, Leaf blade elliptic or oblong-elliptic, rarely oblong-obovate.
herbaceous, veins 5–7 pairs, both surfaces initially white vil- Inflorescences usually simple corymbose, 5–8(–15)-flowered.
lous, glabrescent or subglabrous adaxially and villous only Hypanthium sparsely villous. Fruit 0.8–1.6 × 0.9–1.1 cm.
along veins abaxially, base cuneate, margin densely sharply ser-
● Forests, thickets, grassy slopes, stream sides, waste places;
rate apically, apex caudate. Inflorescences terminal, corymbose, 1000–1600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou,
rarely umbellate, 2–5 × 3–6 cm, (5–)10–20- or more flowered; Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
rachis and pedicels villous, with dense, oblong or elliptic small
lenticels in fruit; bracts caducous, subulate or linear, 2–4 mm. 34c. Photinia villosa var. glabricalycina L. T. Lu & C. L. Li,
Pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm. Flowers 7–12 mm. Hypanthium cupular, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 279. 2000.
2–3 mm, abaxially white villous or glabrous. Sepals triangular- 光萼石楠 guang e shi nan
ovate, 2–3 mm, apex obtuse. Petals white, suborbicular, 4–5
mm in diam., adaxially pilose near base, shortly clawed. Sta- Petioles, leaf blade, and pedicels sparsely white villous.
mens 20, shorter than petals. Ovary densely white villous Leaf blade obovate or oblong-obovate. Inflorescences simple
apically; styles 3, free from middle, glabrous. Fruit red or corymbose or umbellate, 5–8-flowered or slightly more. Hy-
yellowish red, ellipsoid or ovoid, 8–10(–16) × 6–8(–11) mm, panthium glabrous abaxially. Fruit 0.8–1.4 cm × 9–10 mm.
slightly pilose; sepals erect. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep. ● Sunny slopes, roadsides, mixed forests, thickets; 100–1100 m.
Slopes, forests, thickets, stream sides, roadsides, waste places; Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
100–1600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou,
35. Photinia calleryana (Decaisne) Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris)
Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan,
Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
3: 377. 1918.

1a. Petiole, leaf blade, pedicel, and hypanthium 城口石楠 cheng kou shi nan
white villous; inflorescence compound- Pourthiaea calleryana Decaisne, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist.
corymbose, 10–20-flowered or more; Nat. 10: 147. 1874; Cotoneaster esquirolii H. Léveillé; Photinia
fruit 6–8 mm in diam. ............................... 34a. var. villosa
brevipetiolata Cardot; P. esquirolii (H. Léveillé) Rehder; Stran-
1b. Petiole, leaf blade, and pedicel sparsely white
vaesia calleryana (Decaisne) Decaisne.
villous; inflorescence simple corymbose,
rarely umbellate, 5–8(–15)-flowered; Shrubs or small trees, deciduous. Branchlets brown, pu-
fruit 9–11 mm in diam. bescent when young, glabrous when old, lenticellate. Petiole 3–
2a. Hypanthium sparsely villous; leaf blade 10 mm, initially pubescent, glabrescent; leaf blade oblong or
elliptic or oblong-elliptic, rarely oblong-elliptic, 7–10 × 3–5 cm, veins 8–10(–12) pairs, both
oblong-obovate .................................. 34b. var. sinica surfaces flocculose-pubescent when young, glabrescent or only
2b. Hypanthium glabrous; leaf blade with few soft hairs along veins abaxially, base broadly cuneate,
usually obovate or oblong- margin sparsely shallowly serrate, apex acute to shortly acumi-
obovate .................................. 34c. var. glabricalycina nate. Inflorescences terminal, corymbose, few flowered; rachis
34a. Photinia villosa var. villosa and pedicels villous; bracts lanceolate or linear, 3–5 mm, vil-
lous. Flowers 0.8–1.2 cm in diam. Hypanthium cupular or cam-
毛叶石楠(原变种) mao ye shi nan (yuan bian zhong)
panulate, abaxially villous. Sepals triangular, 1–1.5 mm, apex
Crataegus villosa Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, acute. Petals suborbicular, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, abaxially slightly
465. 1784; Photinia variabilis Hemsley, nom. illeg. (included pilose when young, glabrate, base clawed, apex emarginate.
C. villosa); Pourthiaea variabilis Palibin; P. villosa (Thunberg) Stamens 20, somewhat shorter than petals; filaments glabrous,
Decaisne. base dilated. Ovary densely villous apically; styles 3, connate to
Petioles, leaf blade, pedicels, and hypanthium white vil- above middle. Fruit ovoid, 5–7 × 3–5 mm, glabrous; fruiting
lous. Leaf blade obovate or oblong-obovate. Compound cor- pedicels prominently minutely lenticellate. Fl. May–Jun, fr.
ymbs 10- to more than 20-flowered. Fruit 8–10 × 6–8 mm. Jul–Aug.
Slopes, thickets; 800–1200 m. Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shandong, ● Mountain regions; ca. 2000 m. Chongqing, Guizhou, ?E Si-
Zhejiang [Japan, Korea]. chuan, Yunnan.
 ROSACEAE

36. Photinia schneideriana Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, ● Fields; low elevations. Guizhou.
Pl. Wilson 1: 188. 1912. One of us (Spongberg) prefers to treat this variety as a synonym of
绒毛石楠 rong mao shi nan the species because of the slight differences.

Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, to 7 m tall. Branchlets 37. Photinia arguta Lindley, Bot. Reg. 23: sub t. 1956. 1837.
purplish brown when young, grayish brown when old, initially 锐齿石楠 rui chi shi nan
sparsely villous, subglabrous when old, with prominent
brownish fusiform lenticels; buds broadly ovoid, 2–4 mm, apex Shrubs or small trees. Branchlets purplish brown when
acute; scales dark brown, glabrous or margin puberulous. Peti- young, brownish gray when old, angulate, initially tomentose,
ole 6–10 mm, initially villous, glabrescent; leaf blade oblong or glabrous when old; buds narrowly ovoid or oblong, 3–5 mm,
oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 6–11 × 2–5.5 cm, veins apex acute; scales several, purplish brown. Petiole 4–6 mm,
10–15 pairs, slightly raised abaxially, abaxially yellowish gray tomentose when young; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong-lanceo-
tomentose, adaxially initially sparsely villous, glabrescent, base late, or oblong-oblanceolate, 4.5–8 × 2–3 cm, veins 8–10 pairs,
broadly cuneate, margin sharply serrate, apex acuminate. Com- both surfaces long gray tomentose when young, glabrate or
pound corymbs terminal, (3–)5–8 × 5–11 cm, many flowered; with hairs only along veins when old, base cuneate, margin
rachis and pedicels glabrous or sparsely villous, glabrescent, minutely sharply serrate, apex acuminate. Compound corymbs
with brownish lenticels in fruit; bracts linear or lanceolate, 2–4 terminal, 2–5(–8) × 1.5–3 cm, several to many flowered; rachis
mm, puberulous. Pedicel 3–8 mm. Hypanthium cupular, 3–4 and pedicels long gray tomentose; bracts linear or linear-
mm, abaxially sparsely villous, later subglabrous or glabrous. lanceolate, 3–4 mm, initially slightly long tomentose, glabre-
Sepals spreading, suborbicular, 1–1.5 mm, apex abruptly scent. Pedicel 3–6 mm. Hypanthium cupular, 1.5–2 × 2–3 mm,
pointed. Petals white, suborbicular, 4–5 mm in diam., glabrous abaxially densely long gray tomentose. Sepals triangular, 1–2.5
or adaxially villous at base, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. × ca. 2 mm, apex ± acute or obtuse. Petals obovate, 3–4 × 2–3
Stamens 20, nearly as long as petals. Ovary pilose apically; mm, adaxially usually tomentose near base, base shortly claw-
styles 2 or 3, not exceeding stamens, basally connate. Fruit red- ed, apex obtuse. Stamens 20. Ovary densely long tomentose;
dish, obovoid or obovoid-ellipsoid, 7–10 × 6–8 mm, glabrous, styles 3, connate basally. Fruit subglobose, 6–7 mm in diam.,
minutely lenticellate; seeds blackish brown, ovoid, 5–6 mm, glabrous or pubescent.
apex acute. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep–Oct.
Thickets, gullies, near water courses; 300–1300 m. Guangxi, Gui-
● Forests, river valleys, near water courses, fields; 400–1600 m. zhou, S Yunnan [India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi,
Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang. Two varieties occur in China; var. arguta occurs in India and has
leaf blade lanceolate, compound corymb 2–5 cm, several flowered, and
1a. Rachis, pedicels, and hypanthium fruit glabrous.
abaxially sparsely villous,
1a. Compound corymb 5–8 cm, more
glabrescent; petals glabrous .......... 36a. var. schneideriana
numerous flowered; fruit pubescent ........ 37a. var. hookeri
1b. Rachis, pedicels, and hypanthium
1b. Compound corymb 2–5 cm, relatively
abaxially glabrous; petals adaxially
less flowered, fruit glabrous ................ 37b. var. salicifolia
villous near base .................................. 36b. var. parviflora
37a. Photinia arguta var. hookeri (Decaisne) J. E. Vidal,
36a. Photinia schneideriana var. schneideriana
Adansonia, n.s., 5: 229. 1965.
绒毛石楠(原变种) rong mao shi nan (yuan bian zhong)
锐齿石楠 rui chi shi nan
Photinia beauverdiana C. K. Schneider var. lohfauensis F.
P. Metcalf; P. dabeishanensis M. P. Deng & K. Yao; P. fauriei Pourthiaea hookeri Decaisne, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Cardot; P. zhijiangensis T. C. Ku; Pourthiaea schneideriana 10: 148. 1874; Photinia hookeri (Decaisne) Merrill; P. mollis
(Rehder & E. H. Wilson) Iketani & H. Ohashi. J. D. Hooker; Pourthiaea arguta (Lindley) Decaisne var.
hookeri (Decaisne) J. D. Hooker.
Rachis, pedicels, and hypanthium abaxially sparsely vil-
lous, glabrescent; petals glabrous. Leaf blade lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. Compound
corymbs 5–8 cm, many flowered. Fruit pubescent.
● Forests, river valleys, near water courses; 400–1600 m. Anhui,
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Si- Thickets along river sides; 300–900 m. S Yunnan (Xishuangban-
chuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang. na) [India, Thailand].
36b. Photinia schneideriana var. parviflora (Cardot) L. T. Lu 37b. Photinia arguta var. salicifolia (Decaisne) J. E. Vidal,
& C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 277. 2000. Adansonia, n.s., 5: 229. 1965.
小花石楠 xiao hua shi nan 柳叶锐齿石楠 liu ye rui chi shi nan
Photinia parviflora Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 378.
Pourthiaea salicifolia Decaisne, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist.
1918, not L. O. Williams (1972); Pourthiaea parviflora (Car-
Nat. 10: 148. 1874; Photinia lancifolia Rehder & E. H. Wilson;
dot) Iketani & H. Ohashi.
P. lancilimba J. E. Vidal; P. mollis J. D. Hooker var. angusti-
Rachis, pedicels, and hypanthium abaxially glabrous; pet- folia Fischer; P. salicifolia (Decaisne) C. K. Schneider; Pour-
als adaxially villous near base. thiaea arguta var. salicifolia (Decaisne) Iketani & H. Ohashi.
 ROSACEAE

Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or ob- ● Hills, mountain valleys, rocky slopes, fields, forests, thickets;
long-oblanceolate. Compound corymbs 2–5 cm. Fruit glabrous. 300–2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan,
Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
Mountain thickets, gullies, near water courses; 1100–1300 m.
Guangxi, Guizhou, S Yunnan [India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Viet- 1a. Pedicels and hypanthium abaxially
nam]. glabrous ................................................ 39a. var. parvifolia
38. Photinia podocarpifolia T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 1b. Pedicels and hypanthium abaxially
230. 1963. sparsely villous ............................... 39b. var. subparvifolia

罗汉松叶石楠 luo han song ye shi nan 39a. Photinia parvifolia var. parvifolia

Pourthiaea podocarpifolia (T. T. Yu) Iketani & H. Ohashi. 小叶石楠(原变种) xiao ye shi nan (yuan bian zhong)

Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown when old, Pourthiaea parvifolia E. Pritzel, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 389.
terete, gray tomentose when young, glabrous when old, with 1900; Photinia subumbellata Rehder & E. H. Wilson; P. villosa
small orbicular lenticels. Petiole 2–5 mm, initially densely gray (Thunberg) Candolle var. parvifolia (E. Pritzel) P. S. Hsu & L.
tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blade greenish abaxially, dark C. Li; Pourthiaea laevis (Thunberg) Koidzumi var. parvifolia
green adaxially, lanceolate or lorate-lanceolate, 4–6 × 0.8–1.5 (E. Pritzel) Migo; P. villosa (Thunberg) Decaisne var. parvi-
cm, leathery, veins 7–10 pairs, abaxially densely gray tomen- folia (E. Pritzel) Iketani & H. Ohashi.
tose when young, subglabrous when old, adaxially glabrous, Pedicels and hypanthium abaxially glabrous.
base attenuate into short petiole, margin sparsely serrate or
● Hills, mountain valleys, rocky slopes, fields, forests, thickets;
subentire, apex acuminate, rarely acute. Compound corymbs
300–2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan,
terminal, 4–6 × 3–5 cm, densely 10–20-flowered; rachis and Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
pedicels densely gray tomentose, glabrous in fruit, with brown
lenticels; bracts caducous, linear, membranous. Pedicel 1–3 39b. Photinia parvifolia var. subparvifolia (Y. K. Li & X. M.
mm. Flowers 5–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, 3.5– Wang) L. T. Lu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 278. 2000.
4.5 mm in diam., abaxially densely gray tomentose. Sepals 假小叶石楠 jia xiao ye shi nan
ovate, 1–1.5 mm, apex acute. Petals white, obovate, 5–6 × 3–4
mm, glabrous, base very shortly clawed, apex obtuse or emar- Photinia subparvifolia Y. K. Li & X. M. Wang, Bull. Bot.
ginate. Stamens 20, much shorter than petals. Ovary 3-loculed, Res., Harbin 6(4): 108. 1986.
apex densely pilose; styles 3, connate at base, 4–5 mm; stigma
Pedicels and hypanthium abaxially sparsely villous.
subcapitate. Fruit ovoid-globose or subglobose, 5–7 × 5–6 mm,
glabrous, with puberulous sepals; seeds 4–5 mm. Fl. Apr–May, ● Forests in mountain valleys; 500–600 m. S Guizhou (Libo
fr. Sep–Oct. Xian).
● Thickets on sunny slopes, forests by river sides; 200–1000 m. One of us (Spongberg) prefers to treat this variety as a synonym of
Guangxi, Guizhou. the species because of the slight differences.
39. Photinia parvifolia (E. Pritzel) C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb. 40. Photinia komarovii (H. Léveillé & Vaniot) L. T. Lu & C.
Laubholzk. 1: 711. 1906. L. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 278. 2000.
小叶石楠 xiao ye shi nan 垂丝石楠 chui si shi nan
Shrubs deciduous, 1–3 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown, Viburnum komarovii H. Léveillé & Vaniot, Repert. Spec.
blackish brown when old, slender, glabrous, with scattered ob- Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 78. 1910; Crataegus cavaleriei H. Léveillé
long or elliptic yellow lenticels; buds ovoid, 3–4 mm, apex (1915), not H. Léveillé & Vaniot (1908); Photinia parvifolia
acute. Petiole 1–2 mm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, or el- (E. Pritzel) C. K. Schneider var. tenuipes (P. S. Hsu & L. C. Li)
liptic-ovate to rhombic-ovate, 4–8 × 1–3.5 cm, veins 6–9 pairs, P. L. Chiu; P. villosa (Thunberg) Candolle var. tenuipes P. S.
somewhat raised abaxially, both surfaces glabrous or slightly Hsu & L. C. Li; P. wuyishanensis Z. X. Yu; Pourthiaea villosa
puberulous when young, base cuneate to subrounded, margin (Thunberg) Decaisne var. tenuipes (P. S. Hsu & L. C. Li) Ike-
sharply serrate, apex acuminate or caudate. Inflorescences um- tani & H. Ohashi.
bellate or simple corymbose, terminating lateral branchlets, sev-
eral to slightly more than 10-flowered, nearly without peduncle; Shrubs deciduous, to 3 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown or
bracts caducous, subulate. Pedicel 1–2.5(–3.2) cm, slender, gla- dark brown, gray villous when young, glabrous when old; buds
brous or sparsely villous, lenticellate. Flowers 0.5–1.5 cm in reddish brown, narrowly ovoid, glabrous. Petiole 1–2 mm, ini-
diam. Hypanthium cupular, 2–3 mm in diam., abaxially gla- tially slightly villous, later glabrous; leaf blade elliptic or rhom-
brous or sparsely villous. Sepals ovate, 1–1.5 mm, apex acute. boidal-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2–5 × 1–2.2 cm, veins 4–6
Petals white, orbicular, 4–5 mm in diam., adaxially sparsely vil- pairs, raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, both surfaces
lous basally, base very shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens glabrous or slightly gray villous along veins when young, gla-
20, shorter than petals. Ovary densely villous apically; styles 2 brescent, base broadly cuneate or ± rounded, margin sharply
or 3, connate nearly to middle. Fruit orangish red or purple, serrate, apex acuminate to caudate. Inflorescences 2- or 3-
ellipsoid or ovoid, 9–12 × 5–7 mm, glabrous; sepals erect; fascicled or flowers solitary, without peduncle. Pedicel (2–)3–5
seeds ovoid; fruiting pedicels 1–2.5 cm, with dense lenticels. Fl. cm, slender, glabrous, sparsely minutely lenticellate. Flowers
Apr–May, fr. Jul–Aug. 6–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium glabrous abaxially. Sepals tri-
 ROSACEAE

angular-ovate, 1–1.5 mm. Petals white, suborbicular, 3–3.5 mm hirsute. Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate,
in diam., glabrous, apex obtuse. Stamens 15–20, shorter than or abaxially densely brown hirsute. Sepals triangular, 2–2.5 mm.
nearly as long as petals. Ovary densely gray villous apically; Petals white or pinkish, obovate, 2.5–3.5 mm, adaxially puberu-
styles 2, connate from base nearly to middle or apex, glabrous. lous. Stamens 20, somewhat shorter than petals. Styles 2, con-
Fruit red, ellipsoid or oblong-ovate, 6–7 × 5–6 mm, glabrous; nate basally, not exceeding stamens, base pubescent. Fruit red,
sepals incurved; fruiting pedicels 3–5 mm, lenticellate. Fl. Jun. ellipsoid, 7–9 mm, subglabrous, lenticellate; seeds blackish
● Slopes, roadsides, sparse woods, forests; 400–1500 m. Fujian, brown, ellipsoid, 2–3 mm, smooth. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep.
Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang. ● Forests, river valleys, waste places; 100–800 m. Anhui, Fujian,
41. Photinia chingshuiensis (T. Shimizu) T. S. Liu & H. J. Su, ?Guangdong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
Fl. Taiwan 3: 74. 1977. 1a. Leaf blade apically not divided ................ 42a. var. hirsuta
1b. Leaf blade apically 3-lobed .................... 42b. var. lobulata
清水石楠 qing shui shi nan
42a. Photinia hirsuta var. hirsuta
Pourthiaea chingshuiensis T. Shimizu, J. Fac. Text. Sci. &
Technol., Shinshu Univ., no. 36, ser. A (Biol.): 36. 1963; Pho- 褐毛石楠(原变种) he mao shi nan (yuan bian zhong)
tinia parvifolia C. K. Schneider var. chingshuiensis (T. Shi-
mizu) S. S. Ying; Pourthiaea villosa (Thunberg) Decaisne var. Pourthiaea hirsuta (Handel-Mazzetti) Iketani & H. Ohashi.
chingshuiensis (T. Shimizu) Iketani & H. Ohashi. Leaf blade not divided apically.
Shrubs deciduous, decumbent, much branched. Branches ● Forests on slopes, river valleys, waste places; 100–800 m. An-
brown or purplish brown to grayish brown, sparsely lenticellate; hui, Fujian, ?Guangdong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
buds ovoid, small, 2–3 mm, apex ± obtuse or ± acute; scales
42b. Photinia hirsuta var. lobulata T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax.
several, brown, glabrous. Petiole blackish purple, 1–2 mm,
Sin. 8: 231. 1963.
villous; leaves usually 3–5-fascicled on short shoots, alternate
on flowering branches; leaf blade pale green abaxially, dark 裂叶褐毛石楠 lie ye he mao shi nan
green adaxially, elliptic to obovate-lanceolate, 1–4 × 0.5–1.5
Pourthiaea hirsuta var. lobulata (T. T. Yu) Iketani & H.
cm, papery, lateral veins 6–8 pairs, somewhat raised abaxially,
Ohashi.
both surfaces glabrous or abaxially slightly villous along mid-
vein when young, base cuneate, margin minutely sharply ser- Leaf blade 3-lobed apically.
rate, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Umbels terminal, 3–5- ● Mixed forests. W Fujian (Liancheng Xian).
flowered, without peduncle, sometimes flowers solitary; bracts
One of us (Spongberg) prefers to treat this variety as a synonym of
caducous, subulate, 1–2 mm, glabrous, apex acute. Pedicel 0.5–
the species because of the slight differences.
1.8 cm, slender, glabrous or sparsely villous when young, lenti-
cellate. Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, 2–3 × 43. Photinia zhejiangensis P. L. Chiu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18:
3–4 mm, abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular or ovate-tri- 97. 1980.
angular, 1.5–2 × 2–2.5 mm, margin irregularly minutely serrate, 浙江石楠 zhe jiang shi nan
apex acute. Petals white, suborbicular, 5–6 × 6–7 mm, glabrous,
base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 20. Ovary dense- Pourthiaea zhejiangensis (P. L. Chiu) Iketani & H. Ohashi.
ly villous apically; styles not exceeding stamens, connate basal- Shrubs evergreen, 1–1.5 m tall. Branchlets blackish brown
ly. Infructescences and fruit not seen. to nearly black when old, initially densely brown pubescent,
● Sunny gravel ridges of Chingshui Shan; 600–2100 m. Taiwan. glabrous when old, with brown lenticels; buds conical, ± with
soft yellowish brown hairs, apex acute. Petiole 1–2 mm, yel-
42. Photinia hirsuta Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 481. 1933. lowish brown hairy; leaf blade green adaxially, elliptic to obo-
vate-elliptic, 2–5 × 1.5–2.8 cm, leathery, veins 6–8 pairs,
褐毛石楠 he mao shi nan
inconspicuous, abaxially pale initially, yellowish brown villous
Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets along midvein, glabrate, sometimes villous only basally when
reddish brown to purplish brown when young, blackish brown old, adaxially initially sparsely yellowish brown villous, gla-
when old, terete, densely brown hirsute, with orbicular len- brescent, base cuneate, margin sharply serrate, apex acute or
ticels; buds ovoid, apex acute; scales dark reddish brown, abruptly shortly apiculate. Inflorescences 1- or 2-flowered, or
brown hirsute. Petiole 2–4 mm, thick, densely brown hirsute; in terminal 3–6-flowered corymb; bracts subulate, 1.5–2 mm.
leaf blade elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or subovate, 3–7.5 × 1.5– Pedicel 1–2 cm, sparsely yellowish brown villous. Hypanthium
3 cm, papery, lateral veins 5 or 6 pairs, abaxially brown hirsute, campanulate, abaxially sparsely yellowish brown villous. Se-
gradually glabrate, adaxially sparsely pilose when young, gla- pals triangular, 1.5–2 mm. Stamens 20. Styles 2 or 3, connate
brescent, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin sparsely basally. Fruit red, ovoid-ellipsoid or urceolate, glabrous, with
sharply serrate, apex acuminate to caudate, sometimes 3-lobed. sparse, small lenticels; fruiting pedicels 1–2 cm, slender, mi-
Inflorescences umbellate or simple corymbose, 0.8–1.5 × 0.8–2 nutely lenticellate, sparsely villous or subglabrous; sepals per-
sistent, erect, 8–10 mm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Oct–Nov.
cm, nearly without peduncle, 3–8-flowered; bracts subulate, 4–
5 mm, slightly pubescent. Pedicel 3–10 mm, densely brown ● Thickets; 100–700 m. Zhejiang.
 ROSACEAE

16. ERIOBOTRYA Lindley, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13: 96, 102. 1821.
枇杷属 pi ba shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Stephen A. Spongberg
Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Leaves simple, stipulate, usually petiolate, venation craspedodromous or camptodromous, margin
serrate or entire. Inflorescences terminal panicles, numerous flowered. Hypanthium cupular or obconical. Sepals 5, persistent. Petals
5, white or yellow, obovate or orbicular, base clawed. Stamens 20. Ovary inferior, 2–5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 2–5,
connate at base and often pubescent. Fruit a pome with persistent incurved sepals, fleshy or dry, endocarp (core) membranous, with 1
or 2 large seeds.
About 30 species: E Asia; 14 species (three endemic) in China.

1a. Leaves including petiole glabrous ................................................................................................................................. 14. E. elliptica

1b. Leaves pubescent, petiole pubescent or glabrous.
2a. Leaves abaxially sparsely pubescent or rusty or gray tomentose.
3a. Leaf margin remotely 4–10-serrate apically, entire basally.
4a. Leaves abaxially initially rusty pubescent, glabrescent; flowers large, stalked, petals 6–8 mm,
entire at apex ...................................................................................................................................... 4. E. tengyuehensis
4b. Leaves abaxially yellow villous; flowers small, stalked or sessile, petals ca. 5 mm, truncate,
slightly emarginate, or 2-lobed at apex ................................................................................................. 5. E. salwinensis
3b. Leaf margin remotely serrate or undulate, entire basally.
5a. Leaf margin undulate, blade 7–15 cm; styles 2, rarely 3 .......................................................................... 3. E. prinoides
5b. Leaf margin remotely serrate, blade 12–40 cm; styles 3–5.
6a. Leaf blade lanceolate, oblanceolate, obovate, or elliptic-oblong, 12–30 × 3–9 cm, adaxially
rugose, abaxially densely grayish brown tomentose; styles 5 ............................................................ 1. E. japonica
6b. Leaf blade oblong to oblong-obovate, 30–40 × 10–15 cm, adaxially not rugose, abaxially
densely rusty tomentose; styles 3–5 .............................................................................................. 2. E. malipoensis
2b. Leaves brown or brownish yellow tomentose when young, glabrescent.
7a. Leaf margin remotely inconspicuously serrate apically, entire basally ........................................................... 6. E. fragrans
7b. Leaf margin serrate along entire length.
8a. Petiole ca. 1.5 cm or less.
9a. Stamens 10; styles 2; leaf blade lanceolate or oblanceolate, very rarely ovate-oblong, apex acute,
margin remotely sharply serrate ........................................................................................................... 12. E. henryi
9b. Stamens 15; styles 3 or 4; leaf blade oblong or obovate-oblong, apex obtuse or acute, margin
incurved-serrate ................................................................................................................................... 13. E. seguinii
8b. Petiole 1.5 cm or longer.
10a. Leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate.
11a. Flowers sessile; styles 3 or 4; leaf blade 9–23 × 3.5–13 cm ..................................................... 7. E. serrata
11b. Flowers pedicellate, pedicel 2–4 mm; styles 2 or 3; leaf blade 5–15 × 2–6 cm ...................... 8. E. obovata
10b. Leaf blade oblong, elliptic, oblong-lanceolate, oblong-oblanceolate, or lanceolate.
12a. Leaf margin incised-serrate; peduncle and pedicels tomentose ......................................... 9. E. bengalensis
12b. Leaf margin serrate or crenate; peduncle and pedicels subglabrous or rusty tomentose.
13a. Leaf margin shallowly but sharply serrate, not revolute; peduncle and pedicels sparsely
pubescent or subglabrous ........................................................................................... 10. E. cavaleriei
13b. Leaf margin coarsely obtusely serrate and revolute; peduncle and pedicels
densely rusty tomentose ................................................................................................. 11. E. deflexa

1. Eriobotrya japonica (Thunberg) Lindley, Trans. Linn. Soc. rusty tomentose, adaxially lustrous, rugose, base cuneate, mar-
London 13: 102. 1822. gin entire basally, remotely serrate apically, apex acute or acu-
枇杷 pi ba minate. Panicle 10–19 cm, many flowered; peduncle densely
rusty tomentose; bracts subulate, 2–5 mm, densely rusty to-
Mespilus japonica Thunberg, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. mentose. Pedicel 2–8 mm, rusty tomentose. Flowers fragrant,
Upsal. 3: 208. 1780; Crataegus bibas Loureiro. 1.2–2 cm in diam. Hypanthium shallowly cupular, abaxially
Trees small, to 10 m tall. Branchlets yellowish brown, rusty tomentose. Sepals triangular-ovate, 2–3 mm, abaxially
densely rusty or grayish rusty tomentose. Stipule subulate, 1– densely rusty tomentose, apex obtuse. Petals white, oblong or
1.5 cm, pubescent, apex acuminate; petiole nearly absent or ovate, 5–9 × 4–6 mm, apex obtuse or emarginate. Stamens 20.
short, 6–10 mm, grayish brown tomentose; leaf blade lanceo- Ovary rusty pubescent apically, 5-loculed, with 2 ovules per
late, oblanceolate, obovate, or elliptic-oblong, 12–30 × 3–9 cm, locule; styles 5, free. Pome yellow or orangish yellow, globose
leathery, lateral veins 11 or 12 pairs, abaxially densely gray or obovate, 1–1.5 cm in diam., rusty tomentose, soon gla-
 ROSACEAE

brescent; fruiting pedicel 3–8 mm, initially rusty tomentose, 腾越枇杷 teng yue pi ba
glabrescent. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 34*.
Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets dark gray, stout, densely
Native in Chongqing (Nanchuan Xian), Hubei (Yichang); culti- rusty tomentose when young, glabrescent. Stipules caducous,
vated in Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, not seen; petiole 2–3.5 cm, glabrous or nearly so; leaf blade
Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang oblong, elliptic, or subobovate, 10–17 × 4–7 cm, leathery, mid-
[cultivated throughout SE Asia]. vein prominent abaxially, lateral veins 9–18 pairs, reticulate
2. Eriobotrya malipoensis K. C. Kuan, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: veins conspicuous, abaxially initially rusty pubescent, glabre-
231. 1963. scent, adaxially lustrous, glabrous, base broadly cuneate or sub-
rounded, margin entire basally, remotely serrate apically, apex
麻栗坡枇杷 ma li po pi ba acuminate. Panicle ca. 15 cm in diam., many flowered; pe-
Trees 10–15 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown, stout, rusty duncle brownish yellow tomentose; bracts caducous, not seen.
tomentose. Stipules caducous, lanceolate, 8–9 mm, pubescent, Pedicel short or nearly absent. Flowers ca. 2 cm in diam. Hy-
apex acuminate; petiole ca. 1 cm, densely rusty tomentose; leaf panthium cupular, abaxially brown tomentose. Sepals ovate, ca.
blade oblong or oblong-obovate, 30–40 × 10–15 cm, leathery, 2 mm, abaxially densely brownish yellow tomentose. Petals
midvein stout, prominent on both surfaces, lateral veins 20–25 yellow, obovate, 6–8 × 5–6 mm. Stamens 20. Ovary densely
pairs, abaxially densely rusty tomentose, adaxially lustrous, gla- pubescent apically, 2- or 3-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule;
brous, base attenuate, margin remotely obtusely serrate, apex styles 2 or 3, connate basally or throughout. Pome dark brown,
acute. Panicle 8–10 cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle globose, ca. 7 mm in diam., densely brownish yellow tomen-
densely rusty tomentose; bracts and bracteoles lanceolate, 3–5 tose; fruiting pedicel 2–3 mm, densely brownish pubescent. Fl.
mm, densely rusty tomentose. Pedicel 2–4 mm, densely rusty Apr–May, fr. Sep–Oct.
tomentose. Flowers fragrant, ca. 1 cm in diam. Hypanthium Mixed forests on slopes; 1700–2500 m. NW Yunnan [Myanmar].
cupular, rusty tomentose. Sepals ovate, 2–3 mm, abaxially gla-
brous, adaxially rusty tomentose, margin entire. Petals white, 5. Eriobotrya salwinensis Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 475.
obovate, 5–6 × 4–5 mm. Stamens 20. Ovary pubescent apically, 1933.
2-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 3–5. Pome brown, 怒江枇杷 nu jiang pi ba
globose or subglobose, ca. 1.8 cm in diam., initially rusty to-
mentose, glabrescent; fruiting pedicel 3–5 mm, densely pu- Trees small. Branchlets blackish gray, short, stout, initially
bescent. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul. densely brown tomentose, glabrescent, much branched. Stipules
caducous, not seen; petiole 2–3 mm, robust, tomentose; leaf
● Dense forests in valleys; 1200–1500 m. SE Yunnan. blade obovate-lanceolate, rarely elliptic or narrowly elliptic,
3. Eriobotrya prinoides Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. 10–20 × 2.5–6.5 cm, thickly leathery, lateral veins 14–20 pairs
Wilson. 1: 194. 1912. abaxially, reticulate veins conspicuous, abaxially yellow vil-
lous, adaxially lustrous, glabrous, base cuneate, sometimes sub-
栎叶枇杷 li ye pi ba rounded, margin with 4–10 pairs of shallow teeth in apical 1/4,
apex acuminate. Panicle pyramidal, ca. 15 cm in diam., many
Trees small, 4–10 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown or
flowered; peduncle robust, densely rusty tomentose; bracteoles
grayish brown, stout, tomentose when young, glabrescent, with
2, ovate, ca. 2 mm, pubescent. Pedicel short, 2–3 mm, robust,
pale lenticels. Stipules ovate, herbaceous, apex acuminate to
densely rusty tomentose. Hypanthium cupular, abaxially rusty
shortly acuminate; petiole 1.5–3 cm, brownish gray tomentose;
tomentose. Sepals ovate, ca. 5 mm, abaxially rusty tomentose,
leaf blade oblong or elliptic, rarely ovate, 7–15 × 3.5–7.5 cm,
apex obtuse. Petals pale yellow, obovate, ca. 5 mm. Stamens
leathery, midvein stout, prominent abaxially, lateral veins 9–11
20. Ovary brown villous, 2- or 3-loculed, with 2 ovules per
pairs, abaxially densely gray tomentose, adaxially lustrous,
locule; styles 2 or 3, free. Pome brown, granular-punctate, glo-
initially pubescent, glabrescent, base cuneate, margin remotely
bose, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., base and apex rusty pubescent. Fl.
undulate or obtusely serrate, or nearly entire at base, apex acute,
Apr–May, fr. Jun–Aug.
rarely obtuse. Panicle 6–10 cm, many flowered; peduncle
brownish gray tomentose; bracts and bracteoles ovate, 3–4 mm, Broad-leaved forests; 1600–2400 m. NW Yunnan [India, Myan-
pubescent. Pedicel 2–4 mm, brownish gray tomentose. Flowers mar].
1–1.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, pubescent. Sepals
6. Eriobotrya fragrans Champion ex Bentham, Hooker’s J.
oblong-ovate, 2–3 mm, abaxially pubescent, apex obtuse. Petals
Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 80. 1852.
white, ovate, 4–5 × 3–4 mm. Stamens 20. Ovary pubescent
apically, 2(or 3)-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 2, 香花枇杷 xiang hua pi ba
rarely 3, free or connate basally. Pome dark brown, ovoid to
ovoid-globose, 6–7 mm in diam., initially pubescent, glabre- Trees small, to 10 m tall. Branchlets gray, stout, densely
scent. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. brown tomentose, soon glabrate. Stipules caducous, not seen;
petiole 1.5–3 cm, initially brown tomentose, glabrous when old;
River banks, dense moist forest understories; 800–1700 m. W
leaf blade oblong-elliptic, 7–15 × 2.5–5 cm, leathery, both sur-
Sichuan, SE Yunnan [Laos].
faces densely tomentose when young, glabrescent when old,
4. Eriobotrya tengyuehensis W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. midvein prominent on both surfaces, lateral veins 9–11 pairs,
Gard. Edinburgh 10: 30. 1917. base cuneate or attenuate, margin entire basally, remotely in-
 ROSACEAE

conspicuously serrate apically, apex acute or shortly acuminate. 9. Eriobotrya bengalensis (Roxburgh) J. D. Hooker var. an-
Panicle 7–9 cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle densely gustifolia Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 371. 1918.
brown tomentose; bracts not seen. Pedicel 2–3 mm, densely
窄叶南亚枇杷 zhai ye nan ya pi ba
brown tomentose. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium
cupular, abaxially brown tomentose. Sepals triangular-ovate, 3– Eriobotrya bengalensis f. angustifolia (Cardot) J. E. Vidal.
4 mm, densely brown tomentose. Petals white, elliptic, ca. 5 × 3
mm. Stamens 20. Ovary pubescent, 4- or 5-loculed, with 2 Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets gray-brown, stout, glabrous
ovules per locule; styles 4 or 5, white villous basally. Pome or subglabrous. Petiole 2–4 cm, glabrous; stipules not seen; leaf
brown, globose, 1.5–2.5 cm in diam., tomentose and granular- blade lanceolate, oblong, or elliptic, 7–12(–20) × 2–3.5(–8) cm,
punctate. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep. adaxially lustrous, midvein prominent abaxially, lateral veins
(7–)10(–12) pairs, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate, margin
Thickets on slopes; 800–900 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Xizang remotely shortly incised-serrate, entire near base, apex acu-
[Vietnam]. minate. Panicle spreading, 8–12 × 8–12 cm, tomentose, densely
7. Eriobotrya serrata J. E. Vidal, Adansonia, n.s., 5: 558. flowered; peduncle short, densely brown tomentose; bractlets
1965. lanceolate, both surfaces brown tomentose. Pedicel 3–5 mm.
Hypanthium 2–3 mm, abaxially tomentose. Sepals triangular-
齿叶枇杷 chi ye pi ba ovate, ca. 1 mm, abaxially densely brown tomentose, margin
entire, apex obtuse or acute. Petals white, obovate or subor-
Trees 10–20 m tall. Branchlets yellowish brown, stout,
bicular, 4–5 mm, glabrous or adaxially pubescent at base, apex
densely tomentose when young, glabrescent. Stipules caducous,
rounded or emarginate. Stamens 20. Ovary pubescent apically,
not seen; petiole 1.5–3 cm, glabrous; leaf blade obovate or
2- or 3-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 2 or 3(or 4),
oblanceolate, 9–23 × 3.5–13 cm, leathery, adaxially lustrous,
pubescent basally. Pome ovoid-globose, 1–1.5 cm in diam.;
midvein prominent on both surfaces, lateral veins 10–16 pairs,
fruiting pedicel brown tomentose; sepals reflexed. Fl. Nov–Feb.
glabrous or abaxially sparsely brown pubescent along veins,
base attenuate, margin incurved-serrate, apex obtuse or acute. ● Mixed forests on slopes; 1200–1800 m. NE Guizhou (Fanjing
Panicle ca. 8 cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle densely Shan), SE Yunnan.
yellow tomentose; bracts not seen. Pedicel 2–3 mm, densely Eriobotrya bengalensis var. bengalensis (including f. intermedia
yellow tomentose. Flowers 8–10 mm in diam. Hypanthium J. E. Vidal) occurs in Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar,
cupular, 3–4 mm, abaxially densely yellow tomentose. Sepals Thailand, and Vietnam.
ovate, 2–2.5 cm, abaxially yellow tomentose, apex obtuse or 10. Eriobotrya cavaleriei (H. Léveillé) Rehder, J. Arnold
acute. Petals white, obovate, 3–3.5 mm. Stamens 20. Ovary Arbor. 13: 307. 1932.
pubescent apically, (2 or)3- or 4(or 5)-loculed, with 2 ovules
per locule; styles (2 or)3 or 4(or 5), base pubescent. Pome 大花枇杷 da hua pi ba
green, globose or pyriform, 1.5–1.8 cm in diam., subglabrous; Hiptage cavaleriei H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
sepals reflexed. Fl. Nov, fr. May. Veg. 10: 372. 1912; Eriobotrya brackloi Handel-Mazzetti; E.
Thickets on slopes; 1100–1900 m. Guangxi, Yunnan [Laos]. brackloi var. atrichophylla Handel-Mazzetti; E. cavaleriei var.
brackloi (Handel-Mazzetti) Rehder; E. deflexa (Hemsley)
8. Eriobotrya obovata W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Nakai var. grandiflora (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) Nakai; E.
Edinburgh 10: 29. 1917. grandiflora Rehder & E. H. Wilson.
倒卵叶枇杷 dao luan ye pi ba Trees 4–5 cm tall. Branchlets brownish yellow, stout, gla-
brous. Leaves in clusters at apices of branches; stipules cadu-
Trees ca. 10 m tall. Branchlets dark gray, stout, initially
cous, not seen; petiole 1.5–4 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong,
rusty tomentose, glabrescent, much branched. Stipules cadu-
oblong-lanceolate, or oblong-oblanceolate, 7–18 × 2.5–7 cm,
cous, not seen; petiole 1.5–3 cm, glabrous; leaf blade obovate leathery, midvein prominent on both surfaces, lateral veins 7–
or oblanceolate, 5–15 × 2–6 cm, leathery, midvein prominent 14 pairs, reticulate veins conspicuous abaxially, abaxially sub-
on both surfaces, lateral veins 10–14 pairs, glabrous, base cune- glabrous, adaxially lustrous, glabrous, base attenuate, margin
ate or broadly cuneate, margin sharply incurved-serrate, entire remotely sharply serrate, entire near base, apex acuminate.
near base, apex rounded or shortly acuminate. Panicle spread- Panicle 9–12 cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle sparsely
ing, 6–7 cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle densely brown brown pubescent; bracts caducous, not seen. Pedicel 3–10 mm,
tomentose; bracts caducous, not seen. Pedicel short, 2–4 mm, sparsely brown pubescent. Flowers 1.5–2.5 cm in diam. Hy-
densely brown tomentose. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Hypan- panthium cupular, abaxially sparsely brown pubescent. Sepals
thium cupular, densely brown tomentose. Sepals triangular, 3–4 triangular-ovate, 2–3 mm, tomentose along margin, apex ob-
mm, abaxially densely brown tomentose, apex obtuse. Petals tuse. Petals white, obovate, 8–10 mm. Stamens 20. Ovary gla-
white, obovate, 5–7 mm, brown tomentose, apex rounded-ob- brous, 2- or 3-loculed; styles 2 or 3, connate at base, ca. 4 mm,
tuse. Stamens 20. Ovary densely pubescent, 2- or 3-loculed, white villous basally. Pome yellowish red, elliptic or subglo-
with 2 ovules per locule; styles 2 or 3, white villous basally. bose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., glabrous; fruiting pedicel 3–10 mm,
Pome brown, subglobose, 7–9 mm in diam., subglabrous; fruit- hairy; sepals reflexed. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–Aug.
ing pedicel 3–5 mm, brown tomentose. Fl. May, fr. Jun–Jul.
Slopes, mixed river side forests; 500–2000 m. Fujian, Guangdong,
● Thickets on slopes. C Yunnan. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan [N Vietnam].
 ROSACEAE

11. Eriobotrya deflexa (Hemsley) Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) ovules per locule; styles 2 or 3, free. Pome dark purplish brown,
30: 18. 1916. ovoid, 7–9 mm in diam., rusty tomentose; fruiting pedicel 2–5
mm, initially densely brown tomentose, soon glabrescent. Fl.
台湾枇杷 tai wan pi ba
May–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug.
Photinia deflexa Hemsley, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 9: 153.
Thickets on slopes; 1800–2000 m. Guizhou, Yunnan [Myanmar].
1895; Eriobotrya buisanensis (Hayata) Makino & Nemoto; E.
deflexa f. buisanensis (Hayata) Nakai; E. deflexa var. buisanen- 13. Eriobotrya seguinii (H. Léveillé) Cardot ex Guillaumin,
sis (Hayata) Hayata; E. deflexa f. koshunensis (Kanehira & Sa- Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 287. 1924.
saki) H. L. Li; E. deflexa var. koshunensis Kanehira & Sasaki; 小叶枇杷 xiao ye pi ba
P. buisanensis Hayata.
Symplocos seguinii H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Trees 5–12 m tall. Branchlets brownish gray, stout, dense- Veg. 10: 431. 1912; Eriobotrya pseudoraphiolepis Cardot.
ly brown tomentose when young, glabrescent. Leaves in clus-
ters at apices of branchlets; stipules caducous, not seen; petiole Shrubs 2–4 m tall. Branchlets brownish gray, slender,
2–4 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong or oblong-lanceolate to glabrous. Stipules caducous, lanceolate, 2–3 mm, glabrous,
obovate-oblong, (9–)10–19 × (1.5–)3–7 cm, leathery, adaxially apex acuminate; petiole 1–1.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong
lustrous, midvein prominent on both surfaces, lateral veins 10– or oblanceolate, 3–6 × 1.2 cm, leathery, midvein prominent on
12 pairs, both surfaces initially shortly tomentose, soon gla- both surfaces, lateral veins ca. 10 pairs and inconspicuous,
brescent, base cuneate, margin remotely irregularly incurved- abaxially villous when young, glabrescent, adaxially lustrous,
crenate, revolute, apex shortly caudate or acuminate. Panicle 6– glabrous, base attenuate into short petiole, margin incurved-
8 cm in diam., many flowered; peduncle densely brown to- crenate, apex obtuse or acute. Panicle, rarely a raceme, 1–4 cm
mentose; bracts and bractlets lanceolate, 4–6 mm, abaxially in diam., several to many flowered; peduncle densely rusty
tomentose. Pedicel 6–12 mm, densely brown tomentose. Flow- tomentose; bracts caducous, lanceolate, 1.8–3 mm, rusty tomen-
ers 1.5–1.8 cm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, abaxially brown tose. Pedicel absent or densely shortly rusty tomentose. Flowers
tomentose. Sepals triangular-ovate, slightly shorter than hypan- ca. 5 mm in diam. Hypanthium shortly campanulate, abaxially
thium, ca. 1.2 cm, abaxially brown tomentose, adaxially gla- rusty tomentose. Sepals broadly ovate, short, ca. 2 mm, abax-
brous, apex obtuse or acute. Petals white, orbicular or obovate, ially rusty tomentose, apex obtuse. Petals white, suborbicular or
ca. 8 × 7 mm. Stamens 20. Ovary glabrous, 3–5-loculed, with 2 obcordate, ca. 4 mm. Stamens 15. Ovary villous apically, 3- or
ovules per locule; styles 3–5, connate at base, pubescent. Pome 4-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 3 or 4, villous basal-
yellowish red, subglobose, 1.2–2 cm in diam., glabrous; fruiting ly. Pome dark purplish brown, ovoid, ca. 1 cm in diam., slightly
pedicel 7–12 mm, brown pubescent; sepals reflexed. Fl. May– pubescent; fruiting pedicel 2–3 mm, densely brown pubescent;
Jun, fr. Jun–Aug. sepals reflexed. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Jun–Jul.
Slopes, broad-leaved valley forests; 1000–2100 m. Guangdong, ● Thickets on slopes; 500–1500 m. SW Guizhou, SE Yunnan.
Hainan, Taiwan [S Vietnam]. 14. Eriobotrya elliptica Lindley, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13:
12. Eriobotrya henryi Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 70. 1924. 102. 1822.
窄叶枇杷 zhai ye pi ba 椭圆批把 tuo yuan pi ba
Shrubs or small trees, to 7 m tall. Branchlets gray, slender, Mespilus cuila Buchanan-Hamilton.
initially tomentose, soon glabrescent. Stipules caducous, not Trees evergreen, 5–10 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown,
seen; petioles 5–13 mm, subglabrous; leaf blade lanceolate or stout, glabrous. Stipules caducous, not seen; petiole 2–4 cm,
oblanceolate, rarely ovate-oblong, 5–11 × 0.8–2.7 cm, leathery, glabrous. Leaf blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate, rarely ob-
midvein prominent on both surfaces, lateral veins 16–20 pairs, long-oblanceolate, 18–25 × 6–9 cm, leathery, lateral veins 15–
adaxially lustrous, rusty tomentose when young, soon glabre- 20 pairs, abaxially prominent, adaxially impressed, both sur-
scent, base cuneate or attenuate, margin remotely and sharply faces glabrous, base cuneate, rarely subrounded, margin obtuse-
serrate, apex acuminate. Panicle 2.5–4.5(–7) cm in diam., many ly serrate, apex acuminate or shortly caudate. Panicle terminal,
flowered; peduncle short, densely rusty tomentose; bracts cadu- many flowered; peduncle densely tomentose; bracts caducous,
cous; bracteoles caducous, linear, both surfaces rusty tomen- not seen. Pedicel subsessile. Hypanthium shallowly campanu-
tose, densely so at margin, soon glabrescent. Pedicel 2–4 mm, late. Sepals triangular, abaxially tomentose, apex obtuse. Petals
densely rusty tomentose. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Hy- orbicular or elliptic, base pilose. Stamens 20. Styles 5; ovary
panthium cupular, abaxially rusty tomentose. Sepals ovate or pubescent. Pome obovoid or subglobose, 8–12 mm in diam.
ovate-lanceolate, ca. 2.5 mm, both surfaces tomentose, apex
obtuse or shortly caudate. Petals white, obovate, 7–8 mm, apex Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 500–1800 m. SE Xizang (Mêdog
rounded. Stamens 15–20. Ovary pubescent, 2-loculed, with 2 Xian) [Nepal].

17. RHAPHIOLEPIS Lindley, Bot. Reg. 6: t. 468. 1820, nom. et orth. cons.
石斑木属 shi ban mu shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Stephen A. Spongberg
Shrubs or small trees, evergreen. Leaves simple, shortly petiolate, leathery, venation camptodromous, margin serrate or entire;
 ROSACEAE

stipules caducous, subulate. Inflorescences in terminal racemes or panicles. Hypanthium campanulate to tubular. Sepals 5, erect or
reflexed. Petals 5, white or pink, base shortly clawed. Stamens 15–20. Ovary inferior, 2-loculed, with 2 erect ovules per locule; styles
2 or 3, connate at base. Pome drupe-like, purplish black or bluish, subglobose, succulent, with early caducous sepals leaving an annu-
lar ring; seeds 1 or 2, subglobose, large, seed coat thin, cotyledons thickened, plano-convex or semiglobose.
About 15 species: E Asia; seven species (three endemic) in China.
Rhaphiolepis jiulongjiangensis P. C. Huang & K. M. Li (J. Nanjing Inst. Forest. 13(4): 85. 1989), described from Fujian (Hua’an Xian), requires
further study. We are unable to treat it in this account because we have seen no specimens.

1a. Leaves abaxially, petiole, and pedicel densely rusty tomentose ................................................................................ 7. R. ferruginea
1b. Leaves glabrous or only abaxially slightly tomentose or pubescent; inflorescence glabrous or pubescent.
2a. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, rarely obovate-oblong.
3a. Leaf blade lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, rarely obovate-oblong, apex acuminate or acute ..................... 5. R. salicifolia
3b. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, apex obtuse or shortly acuminate .............................................................. 6. R. lanceolata
2b. Leaf blade ovate, obovate, elliptic, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate.
4a. Leaf margin remotely serrate.
5a. Leaf blade ovate or oblong, rarely obovate or oblong-lanceolate, 2–8 cm; inflorescence tomentose or
glabrous; fruit 5–8 mm in diam. ..................................................................................................................... 1. R. indica
5b. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic to obovate-oblong, 7–15 cm; inflorescence tomentose; fruit 7–10 mm in
diam. ............................................................................................................................................................... 2. R. major
4b. Leaf margin entire or remotely crenate.
6a. Branches spreading; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, ovate, or obovate; petiole 5–10 mm ......................... 3. R. umbellata
6b. Branches erect or ascending; leaf blade oblong or oblong-obovate; petiole very short or nearly
absent ..................................................................................................................................................... 4. R. integerrima
1. Rhaphiolepis indica (Linnaeus) Lindley, Bot. Reg. 6: t. 468. 1a. Inflorescence sparsely pubescent,
1820. few flowered; leaf margin serrate
apically ................................................. 1b. var. shilanensis
石斑木 shi ban mu
1b. Inflorescence densely rusty tomentose,
Shrubs, rarely small trees, to 4 m tall. Branchlets purplish usually numerous flowered; leaf
brown when young, grayish brown when old, terete, initially margin crenulate or obtusely serrate.
brown tomentose, glabrous when old. Petiole 0.5–1.8 cm or 2a. Leaf blade ovate, oblong, rarely
nearly absent, slightly brown tomentose or subglabrous; stip- obovate, or oblong-lanceolate,
ules caducous, lanceolate, sparsely brown tomentose, apex acu- crenulate; bracts narrowly
minate; leaf blade ovate, oblong, rarely obovate, oblong-lanceo- lanceolate, 2–7 mm .............................. 1a. var. indica
late, narrowly elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, (2–)4–8 × 1.5–4 2b. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic or
cm, leathery, veins prominent abaxially, reticulate veins con- lanceolate-elliptic, obtusely serrate;
spicuous abaxially and conspicuous or not adaxially, abaxially bracts lanceolate, ca. 7 mm ............... 1c. var. tashiroi
pale, glabrous or sparsely tomentose, adaxially lustrous, gla-
1a. Rhaphiolepis indica var. indica
brous, base attenuate, margin crenulate, serrate, or obtusely ser-
rate, apex obtuse, acute, acuminate, or long caudate. Panicle or 石斑木(原变种) shi ban mu (yuan bian zhong)
racemes terminal, many or few flowered; peduncle and pedicels
Crataegus indica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 477. 1753; C. rubra
rusty tomentose; bracts and bractlets caducous, lanceolate or
Loureiro; Mespilus sinensis Poiret; Rhaphiolepis gracilis
narrowly lanceolate, 2–7 mm, both surfaces initially brown
Nakai; R. parvibracteolata Merrill; R. rubra (Loureiro) Lind-
tomentose, densely so at margin, soon glabrescent, apex acu-
ley; R. rugosa Nakai; R. sinensis M. Roemer.
minate. Pedicel 0.5–1.5 cm, initially brown tomentose, soon
glabrescent. Flowers 1–1.3(–1.5) cm in diam. Hypanthium tub- Leaf blade ovate or oblong, rarely obovate or oblong-lan-
ular, brown tomentose at margin and on both surfaces or gla- ceolate, (2–)4–8 × 1.5–4 cm, margin crenulate. Inflorescences
brous. Sepals triangular-lanceolate or linear, 4.5–6 mm, both rusty tomentose, numerous flowered; bracts narrowly lanceo-
surfaces slightly brown tomentose or glabrous, apex acute. Pet- late, 2–7 mm. Pedicel 0.5–1.5 cm.
als white or pinkish, obovate or lanceolate, 5–7 × 4–5 mm, pu- Slopes, roadsides, thickets at stream sides; 1500–1600 m. Anhui,
bescent basally, apex obtuse. Stamens 15, ca. as long as or Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Tai-
shorter than petals. Ovary glabrous, 2- or 3-loculed, with 2 wan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, Japan, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam].
ovules per locule; styles 2 or 3, connate at base, subglabrous. Rhaphiolepis impressivena Masamune (R. indica f. impressivena
Pome purplish black, globose, 5–8 mm in diam., glabrous; fruit- (Masamune) S. S. Ying) might be an allied species or ecotype of R.
ing pedicel 5–10 mm, glabrous; sepals caducous, leaving an indica.
annular ring. Fl. Apr, fr. Jul–Aug.
1b. Rhaphiolepis indica var. shilanensis Y. P. Yang & H. Y.
Slopes, roadsides, thickets at stream sides; 700–1600 m. Anhui, Liu, Taiwania 47: 176. 2002.
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Tai-
wan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, Japan, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam]. 恒春石斑木 heng chun shi ban mu
 ROSACEAE

Leaf blade oblong to oblanceolate, 4–5 × 1.5–2 cm, Rhaphiolepis indica (Linnaeus) Lindley f. umbellata (Thun-
margin serrate apically. Inflorescences sparsely pubescent, few berg) S. Hatusima; R. indica var. umbellata (Thunberg) H.
flowered; bracts lanceolate, ca. 4 mm. Pedicel 0.7–1.5 cm. Ohashi; Rhaphiolepis japonica Siebold & Zuccarini var. inte-
● S Taiwan (Pingdong Xian). gerrima J. D. Hooker; R. ovata Briot; R. umbellata f. in-
tegerrima (J. D. Hooker) Rehder; R. umbellata f. ovata (Briot)
The names Rhaphiolepis hiiranensis (Kanehira, Formos. Trees,
C. K. Schneider.
rev. ed., 276. 1936) and R. indica var. hiiranensis (Li, Lloydia 4: 235.
1951), synonymous with this taxon, are invalid under Art. 36.1 of the Shrubs or small trees, 2–4 m tall. Branchlets blackish
St. Louis Code because Kanehira did not provide a Latin description. brown, terete, initially brown pubescent, glabrescent. Stipules
1c. Rhaphiolepis indica var. tashiroi Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. not seen; petiole 5–10 mm, subglabrous; leaf blade greenish
Univ. Tokyo 22: 129. 1906. abaxially, dark green adaxially, narrowly elliptic, ovate, or obo-
vate (2–)4–10 × (1.2–)2–4 cm, thickly leathery, reticulate veins
毛序石斑木 mao xu shi ban mu conspicuous abaxially, adaxially slightly lustrous, base cuneate,
Leaf blade narrowly elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, 5–7 × margin entire or remotely crenate, slightly revolute, apex obtuse
1.5–2 cm, obtusely serrate. Inflorescences densely rusty tomen- to slightly acute. Panicle terminal, many flowered; peduncle
tose, numerous flowered; bracts lanceolate, ca. 7 mm. Pedicel densely brown pubescent; bracts not seen. Pedicel absent or 1–2
3–10 mm. mm, densely brown pubescent. Hypanthium obconical, densely
● 700–1000 m. C and N Taiwan.
brown pubescent. Sepals lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate,
longer than hypanthium, 3–4.5 mm, abaxially sparsely brown
2. Rhaphiolepis major Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 380. pubescent, adaxially densely so, margin entire, apex acuminate.
1918. Petals white, obovate, 1–1.2 cm, glabrous, apex obtuse. Sta-
大叶石斑木 da ye shi ban mu mens 20, shorter than petals. Ovary 2-loculed, with 2 ovules per
locule; styles 2, connate at base. Pome blackish purple, globose,
Rhaphiolepis indica (Linnaeus) Lindley var. grandifolia 7–10 mm in diam., glaucescent; fruiting pedicel 2–5 mm, gla-
Franchet. brous; sepals caducous, leaving an annular ring. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr.
Shrubs to 4 m tall. Branchlets initially green, grayish Sep–Nov.
brown when old, terete, initially glabrous, rarely pubescent, gla- Taiwan, E Zhejiang (Putuo Xian, Tiantai Xian) [Japan].
brous or subglabrous when old. Stipules caducous, lanceolate,
1.5–2 cm, membranous, initially sparsely pubescent, soon gla- 4. Rhaphiolepis integerrima Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Beechey
brescent; petiole 1.5–2.5 cm, subglabrous or glabrous; leaf Voy. 263. 1838.
blade narrowly elliptic or obovate-oblong, 7–15 × 4–6 cm, lea- 全缘石斑木 quan yuan shi ban mu
thery, midvein prominent on both surfaces, lateral veins 8–14
pairs, abaxially glabrescent, adaxially glabrous or with sparse Rhaphiolepis integerrima var. mertensii (Siebold & Zuc-
hairs in vein axils when young, base cuneate-attenuate, margin carini) Makino ex Koidzumi; R. mertensii Siebold & Zuccarini;
shallowly crenulate, entire near base, apex acute or shortly acu- R. umbellata (Thunberg) Makino var. mertensii (Siebold &
minate. Panicle terminal, many flowered; peduncle glabrescent; Zuccarini) Makino; R. umbellata var. integerrima (Hooker &
bracts not seen; bractlets lanceolate, 5–7 mm, membranous, Arnott) Masamune.
initially sparsely brown pubescent, soon glabrescent, apex Shrubs or small trees. Branches erect or ascending. Leaves
acuminate. Pedicel 0.7–1.5 cm, initially sparsely brown pu- clustered at apices of branches; stipules not seen; petiole short
bescent, soon glabrescent. Flowers 1.3–1.5 cm in diam. Hy- or nearly absent; leaf blade oblong or oblong-obovate, 4–7 × 2–
panthium campanulate, abaxially rusty tomentose, adaxially 3.5 cm, leathery, base cuneate, margin entire, revolute, apex ob-
glabrous. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, rarely ovate-lanceolate, tuse. Panicle terminal; peduncle and pedicels brown tomentose,
slightly longer than hypanthium, 5–6 mm, abaxially slightly bracts caducous. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially tomen-
pubescent, adaxially densely so, apex acuminate. Petals white, tose. Sepals narrowly elliptic, 2.5–3 mm, abaxially pubescent.
ovate, 5–7 × 4.5–5.5 cm, pubescent basally, apex acute or Petals obovate, ca. 1 cm × 5 mm. Stamens 20; filaments irreg-
obtuse. Stamens 15, ca. as long as or shorter than petals. Ovary ular. Ovary 2-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 2, slen-
2-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 2, connate at base, der, connate at base, glabrous, not exceeding stamens. Fruit glo-
subglabrous. Pome black, globose, 7–10 mm in diam., pubes- bose, ca. 8 mm, fruiting pedicel thick. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Nov.
cent or subglabrous; fruiting pedicel 8–10 mm, brown tomen-
Taiwan (Hong Yu, Huoshao Dao, Jilong Shi) [Japan (Ryukyu
tose; sepals caducous, leaving an annular ring. Fl. Apr, fr. Aug. Islands)].
● Dense shady forests, among shrubs by streams; 200–300 m. 5. Rhaphiolepis salicifolia Lindley, Coll. Bot. 1: t. 3. 1821.
Fujian, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
柳叶石斑木 liu ye shi ban mu
3. Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Thunberg) Makino, Bot. Mag.
(Tokyo) 16: 13. 1902. Rhaphiolepis cheniana F. P. Metcalf; R. kwangsiensis H.
H. Hu.
厚叶石斑木 hou ye shi ban mu
Shrubs or small trees, 2.5–6 m tall. Branchlets red when
Laurus umbellata Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, young, grayish brown or brownish black when old, terete, slen-
384. 1784; Mespilus sieboldii Blume; Opa japonica Seemann; der, pubescent. Stipules not seen; petiole 5–10 mm, glabrous;
 ROSACEAE

leaf blade deep green adaxially, pale green abaxially, lanceolate 绣毛石斑木 xiu mao shi ban mu
or oblong-lanceolate, rarely obovate-oblong, 6–9 × 1.5–2.5 cm,
Trees or shrubs, more than 10 m tall. Branchlets blackish
midvein prominent on both surfaces, adaxially lustrous, base
brown when young, grayish black when old, terete, densely
attenuate, margin remotely irregularly crenulate, sometimes en-
rusty tomentose. Stipules caducous, lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, both
tire basally, apex acuminate or acute. Panicle terminal, few to
surfaces tomentose, apex acuminate; petiole 1–2.5 cm, densely
several flowered; peduncle and pedicels pubescent; bracts not
rusty tomentose; leaf blade elliptic or broadly lanceolate, 6–15
seen. Pedicel 2–5 mm. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Hypanth-
× 2.5–5.5 cm, leathery, midvein impressed adaxially, veins
ium tubular, abaxially pubescent, adaxially subglabrous. Sepals
slightly prominent abaxially, abaxially densely rusty tomentose
triangular-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 2–2.5 mm, abaxially
or pubescent, adaxially tomentose when young, glabrescent,
nearly glabrous, adaxially pubescent, apex emarginate. Petals
base cuneate, margin entire or serrate, revolute or not, apex
white, elliptic or obovate-elliptic, ca. 6 × 2 mm, glabrous, apex
acute or shortly acuminate. Panicles terminal, many flowered;
obtuse. Stamens 20, shorter than petals. Ovary 2-loculed, with 2
peduncle and pedicels densely rusty pubescent; bracts lanceo-
ovules per locule; styles 2, pubescent. Pome blackish brown,
late, ca. 6 mm, rusty tomentose, margin entire, apex acuminate.
globose, 6–9 mm, subglabrous, apex with a pale scar; fruiting
Pedicel 2–4 mm. Flowers 8–10 mm. Hypanthium campanulate,
pedicel 6–10 mm, subglabrous. Fl. Apr, fr. Oct.
abaxially densely rusty tomentose. Sepals ovate, slightly longer
Slopes, forest margins, open forests at mountain summits. Fujian, than hypanthium, ca. 3 mm, abaxially densely rusty pubescent,
Guangdong, Guangxi [Vietnam]. margin entire, apex acute. Petals white, ovate-oblong, ca. 4 mm,
6. Rhaphiolepis lanceolata H. H. Hu, J. Arnold Arbor. 13: glabrous, apex obtuse. Stamens unequal, ca. as long as or
335. 1932. shorter than petals. Ovary 2-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule;
styles 2, connate at base, glabrous. Pome black, globose, 5–8
细叶石斑木 xi ye shi ban mu mm in diam., yellow tomentose when young, later subglabrous
or sparsely rusty tomentose apically; fruiting pedicel short, 4–7
Rhaphiolepis hainanensis F. P. Metcalf; R. indica
mm, densely rusty tomentose; sepals deciduous, leaving an
(Linnaeus) Lindley var. angustifolia Cardot.
annular ring. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Oct.
Shrubs, rarely trees, to 1–1.5 m tall. Branchlets blackish
● Slopes, valleys, open forests at roadsides and on slopes, stream
purple, terete, stout, brown pubescent when young, soon gla- sides; 300–600 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan.
brescent. Stipules not seen; petiole 2–4 mm, glabrous; leaf
blade narrowly lanceolate, 3–7.5 cm × 5–14 mm, leathery, 1a. Leaf margin entire and revolute, blade
midvein and lateral veins prominent abaxially, midvein im- abaxially densely rusty pubescent ......... 7a. var. ferruginea
pressed adaxially, abaxially glabrous or nearly so, adaxially 1b. Leaf margin conspicuously serrate apically,
lustrous, glabrous, base narrowly cuneate, margin sparsely cre- blade abaxially sparsely rusty pubescent .... 7b. var. serrata
nate, apex obtuse or shortly acuminate. Panicle terminal, many 7a. Rhaphiolepis ferruginea var. ferruginea
flowered; peduncle and pedicels brown pubescent; bracts lan-
ceolate or subulate, 2–4 mm, both surfaces pubescent, apex 绣毛石斑木(原变种) xiu mao shi ban mu (yuan bian zhong)
acute. Pedicel ca. 2 mm. Hypanthium tubular, abaxially brown Leaf blade entire and revolute at margin, abaxially densely
pubescent. Sepals lanceolate, longer than hypanthium, 4.5–6 rusty pubescent.
mm, both surfaces pubescent, apex acute or acuminate. Petals
white or pinkish, elliptic-lanceolate, 6–7 × 1.5–4 mm, glabrous, ● Slopes, valleys, open forests at roadsides; 300–600 m. Fujian,
apex obtuse. Stamens 15, longer than or ca. as long as petals. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan.
Ovary 3-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 3, connate at 7b. Rhaphiolepis ferruginea var. serrata F. P. Metcalf, Ling-
base, glabrous. Pome black, globose, 4–7 mm in diam., pubes- nan Sci. J. 18: 511. 1939.
cent; fruiting pedicel 4–5 mm, pubescent; sepals deciduous,
leaving an annular ring. Fl. Jun, fr. Oct–Nov. 齿叶绣毛石斑木 chi ye xiu mao shi ban mu
● Open forests on slopes, open thickets in valleys; 400–1500 m. Leaf blade conspicuously serrate apically, not revolute,
?Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan. abaxially sparsely rusty pubescent.
7. Rhaphiolepis ferruginea F. P. Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. J. 18: ● Stream sides, open forests on slopes. Fujian, Guangdong,
509. 1939. Guangxi.

18. SORBUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 477. 1753.15

花楸属 hua qiu shu
Lu Lingdi (陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti); Stephen A. Spongberg
Aria (Persoon) Host; Micromeles Decaisne; Pleiosorbus Lihua Zhou & C. Y. Wu; Sorbus subgen. Aria Persoon.
Trees or shrubs, usually deciduous. Winter buds usually rather large, ovoid, conical, or spindle-shaped, sometimes viscid; scales

15
Extensive contributions on compound-leaved taxa were received from Hugh McAllister, Ness Botanic Gardens, The University of Liverpool, Environmental and
Horticultural Research Station, Ness, Neston, South Wirral, Cheshire L64 4AY, United Kingdom.
 ROSACEAE

imbricate, several, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves alternate, membranous or herbaceous; stipules caducous, simple or pinnately com-
pound, plicate or rarely convolute in bud; leaf blade usually serrate, sometimes nearly entire, venation craspedodromous or campto-
dromous, glabrous or pubescent. Inflorescences compound, rarely simple corymbs or panicles. Hypanthium campanulate, rarely ob-
conical or urceolate. Sepals 5, ovate or triangular, glabrous, pubescent, or tomentose, sometimes glandular along margin. Petals 5,
glabrous or pubescent, base clawed or not. Stamens 15–25(–44) in 2 or 3 whorls, unequal in length; anthers ovoid or subglobose.
Carpels 2–5, partly or wholly adnate to hypanthium; ovary semi-inferior to inferior, 2–5(–7)-loculed, with 2 or 3(or 4) ovules per
locule, one usually abortive; styles 2–5, free or partially connate, glabrous or pubescent. Fruit a pome, white, yellow, pink, or brown
to orange or red, ovoid or globose to ellipsoid or oblong, usually small, glabrous or pubescent, laevigate or with small lenticels,
apically with sepals persistent or caducous leaving an annular scar, with 2–5(–7) locules, each with 1 or 2 exendospermous seeds;
seeds several, with thin perisperm and endosperm enclosing embryo with compressed cotyledons.
About 100 species: widely distributed throughout temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America; 67 species (43 endemic) in China.
This account follows the FRPS generic concept; however, the reader should note the alternative of treating simple-leaved species within the
genus Aria (see Ohashi & Itetani, J. Jap. Bot. 68: 355–361. 1993).
Sorbus forrestii McAllister & Gillham (Bot. Mag. 183: n.s., t. 792. 1980), described from NW Yunnan, requires further study. We are unable to
treat it in this account because we have seen no specimens.

Kai Larsen (pers. comm.) noted that Sorbus verrucosa (Decaisne) Rehder (in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 278. 1915; Micromeles verrucosa Decaisne,
Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 169. 1874) might occur in China since it is present in NE India, N Thailand, and N Vietnam.
Sorbus species are ornamental plants with attractive, large clusters of white flowers, and most bear colorful fruits. The fruits can be used for
making jam, marmalade, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The wood is hard, heavy, and fine-grained, suitable for making furniture or small, carved
articles.

1a. Leaves pinnately compound.

2a. Leaflets 3–7(–9) pairs.
3a. Dwarf shrub, less than 1 m tall.
4a. Leaflets adaxially sparsely villous, abaxially glabrous; inflorescence white villous, intermixed with
rust-brown hairs; flowers and fruit white ............................................................................................................. 14. S. reducta
4b. Leaflets glabrous on both surfaces; inflorescence rust-brown pubescent; flowers and fruit pink ................ 15. S. poteriifolia
3b. Erect tree or shrub, more than (4–)5 m tall.
5a. Leaflets more than 10 cm, rarely shorter, apex obtuse, margin shallowly obtusely dentate and slightly
revolute ................................................................................................................................................................... 1. S. insignis
5b. Leaflets less than 10 cm, rarely longer, apex acute or shortly acuminate, rarely obtuse, margin sharply or
obtusely serrate, not revolute.
6a. Stipules herbaceous, late caducous; fruit red, yellow, or orange, rarely white.
7a. Buds densely white tomentose; fruit red.
8a. Leaflets 5–9 cm, abaxially densely grayish white tomentose; styles tomentose basally ................... 6. S. esserteauana
8b. Leaflets 3–5 cm, abaxially tomentose when young but glabrescent; styles pubescent basally .... 7. S. pohuashanensis
7b. Buds apically glabrous or puberulous; fruit white, yellow, red, or orangish red.
9a. Fruit white or yellow ................................................................................................................................... 5. S. discolor
9b. Fruit red or orangish red.
10a. Leaflet abaxially densely tomentose when young, with sparse hairs only along midvein when
mature, blade 7–13 cm .................................................................................................................... 2. S. sargentiana
10b. Leaflet abaxially glabrous or pubescent along midvein, glabrescent, blade 4–8.5 cm.
11a. Rachis of leaves and leaflets abaxially glabrous or puberulous along midvein; leaflet margin
shallowly minutely serrate ............................................................................................................ 3. S. wilsoniana
11b. Rachis of leaves and leaflets abaxially rust-brown pubescent; leaflet margin coarsely and
sharply serrate .................................................................................................................................... 4. S. amabilis
6b. Stipules membranous, caducous; fruit red, pink, or white.
12a. Leaflets 3 or 4 pairs, margin obtusely serrate or doubly serrate; fruit white ............................................... 8. S. helenae
12b. Leaflets 4–8 pairs, margin sharply serrate; fruit red or white tinged red.
13a. Buds white pubescent; leaflets mostly with distinct teeth along margin; flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam.;
fruit red.
14a. Leaflets glabrous on both surfaces; inflorescence glabrous .......................................................... 9. S. tianschanica
14b. Leaflets abaxially white pubescent along midvein; inflorescence white tomentose ...................... 10. S. tapashana
13b. Buds glabrous; leaflets with few teeth above the middle or at apex; flowers less than 1.5 cm in
diam.; fruit white or white tinged red.
15a. Leaflet apically acute or shortly acuminate, rarely obtuse, abaxially white tomentose along
midvein ........................................................................................................................................... 11. S. hupehensis
 ROSACEAE

15b. Leaflet apically obtuse or subacute, both surfaces usually glabrous or abaxially puberulous
along midvein.
16a. Leaflet basally broadly cuneate to rounded, apically with few teeth; petals glabrous adaxially;
flowers 6–7 mm in diam. ............................................................................................................. 12. S. oligodonta
16b. Leaflet basally truncate or subrounded-truncate, coarsely sharply serrate above base; petals
pilose adaxially; flowers to 15 mm in diam. ................................................................................ 13. S. macrantha
2b. Leaflets (4–)8–21 pairs.
17a. Leaflets (4–)8–14(–17) pairs, usually more than 2 cm, rarely shorter.
18a. Leaflet margin with few apical teeth.
19a. Fruit white ............................................................................................................................................... 22. S. glomerulata
19b. Fruit red.
20a. Inflorescence grayish white tomentose; hypanthium glabrous ................................................................. 21. S. scalaris
20b. Inflorescence rust-brown pubescent; hypanthium glabrous or pubescent.
21a. Hypanthium brown pubescent .................................................................................................... 20. S. obsoletidentata
21b. Hypanthium glabrous.
22a. Stipules membranous, lanceolate ............................................................................................... 19. S. kiukiangensis
22b. Stipules herbaceous, lanceolate or ovate to suborbicular.
23a. Leaflets (4–)6–9-paired; styles 2 or 3(or 4), basally glabrous ........................................................ 16. S. foliolosa
23b. Leaflets 9–14(–15)-paired; styles 3–5, basally puberulous.
24a. Leaflets ovate-linear or linear-oblong, 15–30 × 6–8 mm, at intervals of 6–8 mm,
abaxially densely papillose, apex with few sharp teeth; stipules lanceolate to ovate,
4–6 mm; styles 3–5 .............................................................................................................. 17. S. pteridophylla
24b. Leaflets linear or narrowly lanceolate, 25–50(–60) × 10–15 mm, at intervals of 10–20
mm, abaxially not papillose, densely sharply serrate from base or above middle; stipules
broadly ovate or suborbicular, 10–12 mm, rarely narrower; styles 5 ............................................. 18. S. ursina
18b. Leaflet margin serrate except base sparsely few toothed.
25a. Hypanthium pubescent.
26a. Leaflets 6–8(–10)-paired, with 15–20 teeth on each margin; stipules herbaceous, large, dentate or
entire; styles 4 .......................................................................................................................................... 28. S. monbeigii
26b. Leaflets 9–13-paired, with 4–8 sharp minute teeth on each margin; stipules membranous, subulate;
styles 5 ..................................................................................................................................................... 29. S. vilmorinii
25b. Hypanthium glabrous.
27a. Leaflets abaxially and inflorescence glabrous; leaflets 5–8-paired ......................................................... 23. S. zayuensis
27b. Leaflets abaxially and inflorescence pubescent; leaflets 7–13(–17)-paired.
28a. Fruit reddish to scarlet; branchlets with numerous lenticels.
29a. Leaflet apically acute or obtuse, with 10–20 teeth on each margin; rachis and pedicels
rust-brown pubescent ...................................................................................................................... 24. S. rehderiana
29b. Leaflet apically acuminate, with 20–30 teeth on each margin; rachis and pedicels sparsely
pubescent or subglabrous .............................................................................................................. 25. S. randaiensis
28b. Fruit white; branchlets with few lenticels.
30a. Leaflet margin wholly serrate except at base, abaxially not papillose; styles 5, ± free at base ..... 26. S. koehneana
30b. Leaflet margin sharply minutely serrate apically, abaxially densely papillose; styles 4 or 5,
connate basally or from base to 1/3 length ............................................................................................ 27. S. prattii
17b. Leaflets (8–)14–21 pairs, usually less than 2 cm, rarely longer.
31a. Leaflets with few teeth (3–5 per side), rarely more; leaflets abaxially and inflorescence glabrous.
32a. Leaflet margin with 3–5 coarse teeth per side apically; fruit scarlet ............................................................... 30. S. filipes
32b. Leaflet margin with few sharp teeth; fruit white or white tinged bluish ................................................ 31. S. microphylla
31b. Leaflets with more teeth (4 or)5–16 per side; leaflets abaxially and inflorescence glabrous or pubescent.
33a. Small shrub, less than 1.5 m tall; leaflets 13–18-paired, 6–11 mm, with 4–7 incised sharp teeth on
each margin ............................................................................................................................................. 32. S. lanpingensis
33b. Shrub or small tree, more than 2.5 m tall; leaflets 8–21-paired, usually 10–25 mm, with (4 or)5–16
teeth on each margin.
34a. Fruit red; petals pink to purple; leaflets abaxially and inflorescence pubescent.
35a. Leaflets abaxially and inflorescence rust-red pubescent; hypanthium glabrous; stipules coarsely
sharply serrate; leaflets with 6–10 incurved sharp teeth per side ........................................................ 33. S. rufopilosa
35b. Leaflets abaxially and inflorescence white pubescent; hypanthium pubescent; stipules entire;
leaflets with 5–10 sharp teeth per side ................................................................................................ 34. S. albopilosa
34b. Fruit white; petals white; leaflets abaxially and inflorescence glabrous or pubescent.
 ROSACEAE

36a. Leaflets abaxially and inflorescence glabrous; leaflets 12–17 pairs, narrowly oblong,
5–11-crenate per side ................................................................................................................... 35. S. setschwanensis
36b. Leaflets abaxially and inflorescence pilose, glabrescent, leaflets 17–21 pairs, oblong or
oblong-lanceolate, with 6–16 sharp teeth per side ............................................................................... 36. S. multijuga
1b. Leaves simple.
37a. Fruit apically with persistent sepals; carpels mostly adnate to hypanthium, only separate at apex.
38a. Leaves abaxially glabrous or tomentose only in vein axils.
39a. Fruit ovoid, ovoid-globose, oblong, or obovate-oblong, 1–2 cm in diam.; leaf margin obtusely crenate
or shallowly lobed.
40a. Leaf basally cuneate to subrounded, blade with 14–20 pairs of lateral veins; fruit ovoid, ovoid-
globose, or subglobose, (1.5–)2–3 × 1.5–2 cm ..................................................................................... 37. S. megalocarpa
40b. Leaf basally cuneate, blade with 12–14 pairs of lateral veins; fruit oblong or obovoid-oblong,
1.5–2 × 1–1.5 cm ................................................................................................................................. 38. S. guanxianensis
39b. Fruit subglobose, (0.8–)1–1.2 cm in diam.; leaf margin sharply serrate.
41a. Fruit 4-loculed; leaves oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, margin sharply incised doubly serrate or
lobed, with 13–18 pairs of lateral veins .......................................................................................................... 39. S. arguta
41b. Fruit 2-loculed; leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, margin irregularly sharply serrate, with 7–11 pairs
of lateral veins ......................................................................................................................................... 40. S. yunnanensis
38b. Leaves abaxially densely tomentose over entire surface.
42a. Fruit narrowly ovoid to oblong, 2-loculed; tree to 15 m tall.
43a. Fruit 6–10 × 4–7 mm; leaves narrowly elliptic or oblong-ovate, 9–14 × 5–9 cm, margin irregularly
serrate or shallowly doubly serrate ....................................................................................................... 41. S. zahlbruckneri
43b. Fruit 10–16 × 6–13 mm; leaves elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 6–13 × 3.5–9.5 cm, margin regularly
deeply doubly serrate or lobed ......................................................................................................................... 42. S. yuana
42b. Fruit subglobose to ovoid or obovoid, 2–5-loculed; shrub to ca. 7 m tall.
44a. Petiole 3–12 mm; leaves cuneate to subrounded basally.
45a. Inflorescence 3–6 × 4–8 cm, 20–30-flowered or more; styles glabrous basally; fruit scarlet, ovoid or
obovoid, 9–12(–15) × 7–11(–13) mm, with few small lenticels .............................................................. 43. S. thibetica
45b. Inflorescence 1.5–3.5 × 4–4.5 cm, 10–25-flowered; styles yellowish white tomentose basally; fruit
white, stained red, subglobose, 6–8(–10) mm in diam., with or without few small lenticels .............. 44. S. pallescens
44b. Petiole 10–25 mm; leaves rounded or broadly cuneate at base.
46a. Inflorescence 5–8 × (5–)7–10 cm, 30–45-flowered; styles tomentose basally; fruit 15–20 mm in
diam.; shrub ............................................................................................................................................. 45. S. cuspidata
46b. Inflorescence 3–4 × 3.5–5 cm, (15–)20–30-flowered or more; styles glabrous or pubescent basally;
fruit 5–10 mm in diam.; tree or shrub.
47a. Leaf margin serrulate; styles grayish white tomentose basally; pedicel 5–12 mm .............................. 46. S. hemsleyi
47b. Leaf margin irregularly minutely serrate or doubly serrate; styles glabrous or puberulous basally;
pedicel 3–5 mm ...................................................................................................................................... 47. S. coronata
37b. Fruit without persistent sepals apically; carpels 2 or 3, rarely 4 or 5, wholly adnate to hypanthium.
48a. Leaves abaxially glabrous or puberulous.
49a. Lateral veins (6–)10–18(–24) pairs, veins terminating in teeth on leaf margin.
50a. Fruit 2-loculed, without or with few inconspicuous small lenticels; leaf margin sharply doubly serrate,
petiole 1.5–3 cm ............................................................................................................................................ 48. S. alnifolia
50b. Fruit 2–5-loculed, lenticellate; leaf margin crenate, serrate, or doubly serrate, petiole 0.3–2 cm.
51a. Leaf margin doubly serrate, lateral veins 16–24 pairs ..................................................................... 52. S. meliosmifolia
51b. Leaf margin serrate, lateral veins 10–18 pairs.
52a. Leaf margin crenate; fruit conspicuously lenticellate, 4- or 5-loculed ............................................... 49. S. caloneura
52b. Leaf margin sharply serrate; fruit without or with few small lenticels, 2- or 3-loculed.
53a. Leaves ovate-elliptic or oblong-elliptic, rarely oblong-obovate; petiole 1–2 cm; fruit 6–9 mm
in diam., without or with few small lenticels, 2- or 3-loculed ...................................................... 50. S. rhamnoides
53b. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate; petiole 3–8 mm; fruit 5–7 mm in diam.,
without lenticels, 2-loculed ............................................................................................................ 51. S. salwinensis
49b. Lateral veins 7–11 pairs, usually anastomosing toward leaf margin.
54a. Fruit more than 1 cm in diam., conspicuously lenticellate; petiole more than 1 cm, rarely shorter.
55a. Leaf margin sharply serrate apically, base cuneate, rarely rounded ......................................................... 56. S. globosa
55b. Leaf margin obtusely crenate, base narrowly cuneate or rounded.
56a. Fruit larger, 3–5 cm in diam., 5–7-loculed; styles 5–7; leaves elliptic to obovate-elliptic, base
narrowly cuneate, margin sparsely minutely shallowly crenulate; petiole 0.3–0.5 cm ................... 53. S. medogensis
 ROSACEAE

56b. Fruit smaller, 1–2 cm in diam., 2–4-loculed; styles 2–4; petiole 1–3 cm.
57a. Leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, rounded basally, shallowly crenate; petiole 2.5–3 cm ............... 54. S. corymbifera
57b. Leaves rhombic, cuneate basally, minutely obtusely crenulate apically; petiole 1–2 cm ............ 55. S. rhombifolia
54b. Fruit less than 1 cm in diam., rarely larger, without or with few inconspicuous lenticels; petiole
usually less than 1 cm.
58a. Inflorescences gray tomentose; leaves obovate or oblong-obovate .......................................................... 59. S. keissleri
58b. Inflorescences glabrous; leaves elliptic, oblong-elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or elliptic-obovate.
59a. Leaves glabrous on both surfaces, margin shallowly obtusely minutely serrate apically; fruit
globose, with few small lenticels ......................................................................................................... 57. S. thomsonii
59b. Leaves abaxially sparsely tomentose along veins when young, glabrescent, margin sharply
serrate but entire near base; fruit ovoid, without lenticels ................................................................. 58. S. aronioides
48b. Leaves tomentose abaxially.
60a. Leaves abaxially densely gray or yellowish white tomentose.
61a. Leaves abaxially yellowish white tomentose; inflorescence rust-brown tomentose; fruit subglobose .......... 62. S. dunnii
61b. Leaves abaxially and inflorescence densely gray tomentose; fruit oblong, oblong-ellipsoid, or
obovoid-oblong.
62a. Leaf basally broadly cuneate to rounded, lateral veins nearly parallel; petiole 0.5–1(–1.5) cm; styles
2 or 3, connate and white tomentose basally ............................................................................................. 60. S. folgneri
62b. Leaf basally rounded to subcordate, lateral veins curved; petiole 1.2–2 cm; styles 2, connate
basally, glabrous .................................................................................................................................. 61. S. tsinlingensis
60b. Leaves abaxially densely rusty or rust-brown tomentose.
63a. Lateral veins nearly parallel, terminating in marginal teeth.
64a. Leaves ovate, elliptic, or obovate, both surfaces densely rusty tomentose when young, glabrescent,
lateral veins 6–8(–11) pairs, petiole 1–1.5 cm ....................................................................................... 63. S. ferruginea
64b. Leaves narrowly elliptic or elliptic-ovate to elliptic-obovate, abaxially persistently rust-brown
tomentose, lateral veins 12–15 pairs, petiole 0.5–1 cm ........................................................................ 64. S. epidendron
63b. Lateral veins anastomosing near leaf margin.
65a. Leaves 4–7(–9) cm, lateral veins 6–8 pairs, petiole 5–7(–10) mm; fruit ovoid, 5–10 mm in diam.,
usually not lenticellate ............................................................................................................................... 67. S. astateria
65b. Leaves 9–15 cm, lateral veins 10–15 pairs, petiole 10–30 mm; fruit subglobose, 10–15 mm in diam.,
with conspicuous lenticels.
66a. Leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, rarely elliptic-obovate, shortly acuminate, rarely acute, margin
shallowly crenate-serrate above base, petiole 20–30 mm; fruit ca. 10 mm in diam. .......................... 65. S. ochracea
66b. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate to caudate, margin usually entire or apically sparsely
serrate, petiole ca. 10 mm; fruit 10–15 mm in diam. ...................................................................... 66. S. subochracea
1. Sorbus insignis (J. D. Hooker) Hedlund, Kongl. Svenska pubescent, with large lenticels; bracts linear-subulate. Flowers
Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 35(1): 32. 1901. 6–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, 1–1.3 mm, abax-
ially ± pubescent. Sepals triangular, with reddish dentate glands
卷边花楸 juan bian hua qiu
along margin, glabrous or somewhat puberulous. Petals dull
Pyrus insignis J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 377. 1878; P. white, suborbicular, ca. 3 mm in diam. Stamens ca. 20, nearly
harrowiana I. B. Balfour & W. W. Smith; Sorbus harrowiana as long as or slightly shorter than petals. Styles 2 or 3, to 2.5
(I. B. Balfour & W. W. Smith) Rehder. mm, glabrous. Fruit white or crimson, globose or ovoid-glo-
Trees, rarely shrubs, to 10–15 m tall. Branchlets reddish bose, 5–8 mm in diam., glabrous, 2- or 3-loculed, with large
brown when young, grayish brown when old, terete, rust-brown lenticels and persistent erect sepals. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.
tomentose when young, glabrous when old, with elliptic len- 2n = 34.
ticels 2–4 mm; buds narrowly ovoid, 1–1.8 cm × 7–12 mm, Broad-leaved forests, rocky slopes; 2500–4000 m. E Xizang, NW
apex shortly acuminate or acute; scales several, brownish, initi- Yunnan [NE India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim].
ally puberulent, glabrate. Leaves imparipinnate, together with
rachis 20–30 cm; petiole 1.7–4 cm; stipules persistent, sub- 2. Sorbus sargentiana Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 461.
orbicular, 1–2 cm, sometimes lobed; rachis slightly winged, sul- 1913.
cate, sparsely tomentose, glabrous when old; leaflet blades 3–
晚绣花楸 wan xiu hua qiu
5(or 6) pairs, at intervals of 1–2(–3) cm, dark green adaxially,
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, (6–)10–15(–20) × 2–4(–5) cm, Pyrus sargentiana (Koehne) Bean.
abaxially glaucous, lateral veins 24–30 pairs, arching and anas-
tomosing at margin, both surfaces tomentose when young, gla- Trees 6–10 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown when young,
brescent, base rounded or obliquely cordate, margin slightly dark gray when old, terete, grayish white tomentose, with nu-
revolute and shallowly crenate, apex obtuse. Inflorescences 10– merous elliptic lenticels; buds narrowly ovoid, 1–1.7 cm, apex
15 cm in diam., densely flowered; rachis and pedicels sparsely acute; scales many, brown, sparsely pubescent. Leaves impari-
 ROSACEAE

pinnate, together with rachis 18–28 cm; petiole 5–6 cm; stipules 4. Sorbus amabilis Cheng ex T. T. Yu & K. C. Kuan, Acta
persistent, semiorbicular, 1–2 cm in diam., margin sharply ser- Phytotax. Sin. 8: 224. 1963.
rate; rachis adaxially shallowly sulcate, slightly winged, grayish
黄山花楸 huang shan hua qiu
white tomentose; leaflet blades 3–5 pairs, at intervals of 2.5–3.2
cm, terminal and basal leaflets smaller than others, elliptic-lan- Sorbus amabilis var. wuyishanensis Z. X. Yu.
ceolate, 7–13 × 2–4.2 cm, lateral veins 20–35 pairs, arcuate-
Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets brown when young, blackish
anastomosing, abaxially initially densely tomentose, gradually
gray when old, terete, brown pubescent when young, gradually
glabrescent, with sparse hairs persisting only along veins, adax-
glabrescent, with small lenticels; buds narrowly ovoid, 0.9–1.6
ially sparsely pubescent, glabrescent, base rounded or obliquely cm, apex acuminate; scales several, dark reddish brown, brown
cordate, margin sharply serrate, with 28–52 teeth per side, pubescent apically. Leaves imparipinnate, together with rachis
entire on basal 1/4, apex acuminate, rarely acute. Inflorescences 13–18 cm; petiolule 2.5–3.5(–5) cm; stipules caducous after
8–11 × 9–15 cm, densely flowered; rachis and pedicels grayish anthesis, suborbicular, coarsely toothed; rachis adaxially shal-
white tomentose, gradually glabrescent, with oblong lenticels; lowly sulcate, reddish brown pubescent when young, glabre-
bracts linear-lanceolate. Pedicel 1–3 mm. Flowers 5–7 mm in scent; leaflets (4- or)5- or 6-paired, at intervals of 1–1.8 cm, ter-
diam. Hypanthium campanulate, 1–1.4 mm, abaxially tomen- minal and basal leaflets usually smaller than middle one, blades
tose. Sepals triangular, 1–2(–2.5) mm, shorter than petals, apex dark green adaxially, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 4–6.5 × 1.5–
acute or ± obtuse. Petals white, broadly ovate, 2.5–3.5 × 2–3 2 cm, abaxially reddish brown pubescent only along midvein,
mm, glabrous, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 20, shorter than petals. gradually glabrescent, subglabrous when mature, adaxially gla-
Styles 3 or 4(or 5), not exceeding stamens, grayish white to- brous, base obliquely rounded, margin coarsely sharply serrate
mentose basally. Fruit red, globose, 5–6 mm in diam.; sepals in apical 2/3, with 9–21 teeth per side, apex acuminate. Inflo-
persistent, erect. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Oct–Nov. 2n = 34*. rescences terminal, 8–10 × 12–15 cm, many flowered; rachis
● Mixed forests, woodlands, sunny slopes; 2000–3200 m. SW and pedicels densely rusty pubescent, glabrescent and subgla-
Sichuan, NE Yunnan. brous in fruit, with numerous elliptic lenticels; bracts caducous,
smaller than stipules. Pedicel 1–3 mm. Flowers 7–8 mm in
3. Sorbus wilsoniana C. K. Schneider, Bull. Herb. Boissier, diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially glabrous or nearly
sér. 2, 6: 312. 1906. so. Sepals triangular, 1–2 mm, abaxially glabrous, apex obtuse.
华西花楸 hua xi hua qiu Petals white, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 3–4 mm in diam.,
adaxially puberulous or glabrous, apex obtuse. Stamens 20,
Pyrus wilsoniana (C. K. Schneider) Cardot; Sorbus ex- shorter than petals. Styles 3 or 4, equaling or lower than sta-
pansa Koehne. mens, densely pubescent basally. Fruit red, subglobose, 6–7
Trees 5–10 m tall. Branchlets dark gray to grayish brown, mm in diam.; sepals persistent. Fl. May, fr. Sep–Oct.
terete, tomentose when young, glabrate, lenticellate; buds nar- ● Mixed forests, mountain slopes; 900–2000 m. SE Anhui, NW
rowly ovoid, 0.9–1.7 cm, apex acute; scales reddish brown, gla- Fujian, NE Hubei, N Jiangxi, NW Zhejiang.
brous or pubescent apically. Leaves imparipinnate, together
with rachis 20–25 cm; petiole 5–6 cm; stipules sometimes 5. Sorbus discolor (Maximowicz) Maximowicz, Bull. Acad.
caducous after anthesis, suborbicular, 1–2 × 1–1.7 cm, coarsely Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 19: 173. 1874.
sharply serrate; rachis abaxially glabrous or pubescent near base 北京花楸 bei jing hua qiu
of petiolules, adaxially shallowly sulcate, ± winged; leaflets 6
or 7 pairs at intervals of 1.5–3 cm, terminal and basal ones usu- Pyrus discolor Maximowicz, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-
ally smaller than middle ones, blades oblong-elliptic or oblong- Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 103. 1859; P. pekinensis
lanceolate, 5–8.5 × 1.8–2.5 cm, lateral veins 17–20 pairs, (Koehne) Cardot; Sorbus pekinensis Koehne.
slightly arching and anastomosing at margin, both surfaces gla- Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown when old,
brous or abaxially pubescent along midvein, base broadly cune- terete, glabrous or nearly so when young, sparsely lenticellate
ate or rounded, margin entire basally, minutely serrate apically, when old; buds oblong-ovoid, 6–9 mm, apex shortly acuminate
with 8–20 teeth per side, apex acute or acuminate. Inflores- or acute; scales several, brownish, glabrous or puberulous.
cences 6.5–12 × 8–20 cm, densely flowered; rachis and pedi- Leaves imparipinnate, together with rachis 10–20 cm; petiole
cels pubescent, with many small lenticels; bracts similar to 3–4(–6) cm; stipules persistent, 5–8 mm, lobed or coarsely
stipules, but smaller. Pedicel 2–4 mm. Flowers 6–7 mm in serrate; rachis adaxially shallowly sulcate, glabrous, somewhat
diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially pubescent. Sepals winged; leaflets 5–7 pairs, at intervals of 1.2–3 cm, basal pair
triangular, 1–2.5 mm, abaxially slightly pubescent or glabrous, usually smaller than others, blades oblong or oblong-elliptic to
apex obtuse. Petals white, ovate, 3–3.5 × 2.5–3 mm, adaxially oblong-lanceolate, 3–6 × 1–1.8 cm, lateral veins 12–20 pairs,
glabrous or puberulous, rarely slightly emarginate at obtuse arcuate-anastomosing at margin, both surfaces glabrous, abax-
apex. Stamens 20, shorter than petals. Styles 3–5, not exceeding ially paler, glaucescent, base usually rounded, margin minutely
stamens, densely pubescent basally. Fruit orangish red, ovoid, sharply serrate, with 12–20 teeth on each margin, entire in basal
5–8 mm in diam.; sepals persistent, erect. Fl. May–Jun, fr.
1/3, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Inflorescences loose, 5–8
Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*.
× 5–10 cm, many flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous, with
● Mixed forests in mountain regions; 1300–3300 m. Guangxi, small lenticels; bracts similar to stipules, but smaller. Pedicel 2–
Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan. 3 mm. Flower 6–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate,
 ROSACEAE

abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular, 1–2 mm, apex ± obtuse or together with rachis 10–20 cm; petiole 2.5–5 cm; stipules
acute. Petals white, ovate or oblong-ovate, 3–5 × 2.5–3.5 mm, broadly ovate or semiorbicular, 5–10 × 5–12 mm, margin
glabrous, apex obtuse. Stamens 15–20, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. coarsely sharply serrate; rachis slightly winged, sulcate, tomen-
Styles 3 or 4, nearly as long as stamens, sparsely pubescent tose-villous, subglabrous when old; leaflets 5–7-paired, at inter-
basally. Fruit white or yellow, ovoid, 6–8 mm in diam.; sepals vals of 1–2.5 cm, terminal and basal ones usually smaller than
persistent. Fl. May, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*. others, blade ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 3–5 × 1.4–
● Broad-leaved mixed forests on sunny slopes; 1500–2000 m.
1.8 cm, lateral veins 9–16 pairs, slightly arcuate-anastomosing
Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong. at margin, abaxially pale, tomentose-villous when young, sub-
glabrous or tomentose-villous only along midvein when old,
6. Sorbus esserteauana Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 459. adaxially sparsely tomentose-villous or glabrous, base obliquely
1913. rounded, margin minutely sharply serrate, nearly entire basally,
麻叶花楸 ma ye hua qiu apex acute or shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, 8–12
× 10–15 cm, densely flowered; rachis and pedicels tomentose-
Sorbus conradinae Koehne. villous, subglabrous or glabrous when old; bracts ovate, smaller
Shrubs or trees, 5–10(–14) m tall. Branchlets gray or than stipules, sharply serrate, rarely entire. Pedicel 3–4 mm.
brownish gray, terete, grayish white tomentose when young, Flowers 5–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially
gradually glabrescent, with minute lenticels; buds narrowly tomentose-villous or subglabrous. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2.5 ×
ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 0.8–1.2(–1.4) cm × 5–9 mm, apex acute 1–2 mm, glabrous or subglabrous, apex acute. Petals white,
to shortly acuminate; scales several, dark brown, grayish white broadly ovate or suborbicular, 3.5–5 × 3–4 mm, adaxially pu-
tomentose. Leaves imparipinnate, together with rachis 15–26 berulous, apex obtuse. Stamens 20, nearly as long as petals.
cm; petiole 4–5 cm; stipules semiorbicular, 1–2 cm in diam., Styles 3(or 4), not exceeding stamens, pubescent basally. Fruit
margin coarsely serrate; rachis shallowly sulcate adaxially, ini- red or orangish red, 6–8 mm in diam., glabrous when mature;
tially grayish white tomentose, with few remaining hairs when sepals persistent. Fl. Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 34*.
old; leaflets 5 or 6 pairs, at intervals of 2–3.5 cm, blades dark ● Mountain slopes, mixed forests in valleys; 900–2500 m. Gansu,
green adaxially, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong,
5–9 × 2–3 cm, basal ones smaller, lateral veins 12–16 pairs, ar- Shanxi.
cuate-anastomosing, abaxially prominent and adaxially deeply
8. Sorbus helenae Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 462. 1913.
impressed, abaxially persistently densely grayish white tomen-
tose, adaxially glabrous, base rounded or obliquely cordate, 钝齿花楸 dun chi hua qiu
margin sharply minutely serrate, 8–20-toothed per side, entire
near base, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 7–12 × 10–18 cm, Trees 3–7(–10) m tall. Branchlets blackish gray, stout,
densely flowered; rachis and pedicels densely grayish white to- with few indistinct lenticels, glabrous; buds oblong-ovoid, 6–9
mentose when young, glabrescent; bracts smaller than stipules. mm, apex acute; scales dark brown, glabrous. Leaves impari-
Pedicel 1–3 mm. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially tomen- pinnate, together with rachis 13–20 cm; petiole 2.5–4(–5) cm;
tose. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2.5 mm, sparsely tomentose or gla- stipules persistent, 5–7 mm, membranous, margin entire or
brous near apex, apex acute or ± obtuse. Petals white, ovate or slightly incised at apex, somewhat pubescent; rachis sulcate,
suborbicular, 3–3.5 × 2.5–3 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse. Sta- narrowly winged, abaxially glabrous or reddish brown villous;
mens 20, ca. as long as petals. Styles 3 or 4, not exceeding leaflets 3 or 4 pairs, at intervals of 1.5–2.5 cm, blade pale abax-
stamens, tomentose basally. Fruit red, globose, 5–7 mm in ially, dark green adaxially, oblong or oblong-elliptic, (4.5–)5–
diam., pubescent when young, glabrous when mature; sepals 9(–11) × 2–3 cm, basal pair smaller than middle ones, lateral
persistent; seeds brownish, reniform, 2–3.5 mm. Fl. May–Jun, veins 15–20 pairs, curved-anastomosing at margin, abaxially
fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*. reddish brown villous along veins, adaxially glabrous or subgla-
● Mountain thickets, cliffs; 1700–3000 m. W Sichuan. brous, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or subcordate, margin
serrate or doubly serrate, apex acute or obtuse. Inflorescences
7. Sorbus pohuashanensis (Hance) Hedlund, Kongl. Svenska 7–11 × 8–15 cm, densely flowered; rachis and pedicels reddish
Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 35: 33. 1901. brown villous; bracts 3–5 mm, membranous, margin entire or
花楸树 hua qiu shu slightly serrate. Pedicel 2–5 mm. Flowers 6–8 mm in diam.
Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangu-
Pyrus pohuashanensis Hance, J. Bot. 13: 132. 1875; lar-ovate, 1–2 mm, sometimes with puberulous margin, apex
Sorbus amurensis Koehne; S. manshuriensis Kitagawa; S. acute. Petals white, orbicular-ovate, 3–4 × 2.5–3.5 mm, gla-
pohuashanensis var. amurensis (Koehne) Y. L. Chou & S. L. brous, apex obtuse. Stamens 20, ca. 1/3 as long as petals. Styles
Tung; S. pohuashanensis var. manshuriensis (Kitagawa) Y. C.
5, not exceeding stamens, villous basally. Fruit white, globose,
Zhu; S. taishanensis F. Z. Li & X. D. Chen.
6–8 mm in diam., glabrous; sepals persistent. Fl. Jun–Jul. 2n =
Trees to 8 m tall. Branchlets brown or purplish brown to 34*.
grayish brown, tomentose-villous when young, gradually gla- ● Forests in mountainous regions; 2500–3000 m. W Sichuan.
brescent, with small grayish white lenticels; buds oblong-ovoid,
0.8–1.2 cm × 5–7 mm, apex acuminate; scales several, reddish 1a. Leaflet blade 5–9(–11) × 2–3 cm, margin
brown, densely gray tomentose-villous. Leaves imparipinnate, crenate-serrate or doubly serrate ............... 8a. var. helenae
 ROSACEAE

1b. Leaflet blade 4.5–7 × 2–4 cm, margin 天山花楸(原变种) tian shan hua qiu (yuan bian zhong)
sharply serrate or doubly serrate ...... 8b. var. argutiserrata
Pyrus tianschanica (Ruprecht) Franchet.
8a. Sorbus helenae var. helenae
Leaflet blade 5–7 cm, margin mostly sharply serrate, en-
钝齿花楸(原变种) dun chi hua qiu (yuan bian zhong) tire only basally.
Sorbus helenae f. rufidula Koehne; S. helenae f. subglabra Mountain valleys, stream sides, forest margins; 2000–3200 m.
Koehne. Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang [Afghanistan, W Pakistan, Russia; SW Asia].
Leaflet blade 5–9(–11) × 2–3 cm, margin crenate-serrate 9b. Sorbus tianschanica var. integrifoliolata T. T. Yu, Acta
or doubly serrate. Phytotax. Sin. 8: 224. 1963.
● Forests in mountainous areas; 2500–3000 m. W Sichuan.
全缘天山花楸 quan yuan tian shan hua qiu
8b. Sorbus helenae var. argutiserrata T. T. Yu, Acta Phyto-
Leaflet blade 2.5–5 cm, margin entire or apically with 2–5
tax. Sin. 8: 224. 1963.
teeth per side.
尖齿花楸 jian chi hua qiu
● Xinjiang.
Leaflet blade 4.5–7 × 2–4 cm, margin sharply or doubly
serrate. One of us (Spongberg) prefers to treat this variety as a synonym of
the species because of the slight differences.
● W Sichuan.
10. Sorbus tapashana C. K. Schneider, Bull. Herb. Boissier,
One of us (Spongberg) prefers to treat this variety as a synonym of
sér. 2, 6: 313. 1906.
the species because of the apparently continuous variation; Wu Zhengyi
(editor’s note) concurs. 太白花楸 tai bai hua qiu
9. Sorbus tianschanica Ruprecht, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint
Sorbus giraldiana C. K. Schneider; S. tianschanica Ru-
Pétersbourg, sér. 7, 14: 46. 1869. precht var. tomentosa C. Y. Yang & Y. L. Han.
天山花楸 tian shan hua qiu
Shrubs or small trees, ca. 4 m tall. Branchlets brownish or
Shrubs or small trees, to 5 m tall. Branchlets brown or grayish brown, terete, with distinct lenticels, white pubescent
grayish brown, terete, lenticellate; young shoots reddish brown, when young, glabrous when old; buds narrowly ovoid, 0.9–1.7
puberulous; buds oblong-ovoid, 1–2 cm × 5–8 mm, apex acu- cm, apex acuminate; scales several, brownish, white pubescent.
minate; scales several, brown, white pubescent. Leaves impari- Leaves imparipinnate, together with rachis 9–18 cm; petiole
pinnate, together with rachis 14–17 cm; petiole 1.5–3.3 cm; 1.5–2.7 cm; stipules caducous, linear-lanceolate, 5–7 mm,
rachis sulcate adaxially, slightly winged, glabrous; stipules cad- membranous, margin entire; rachis sulcate, slightly winged,
ucous, linear-lanceolate, 7–11 mm, membranous, slightly pu- white pubescent; leaflets (4 or)5- or 6(or 7)-paired, at intervals
bescent; leaflets (4–)6 or 7 pairs, at intervals of 1.5–2 cm, blade of 1–2 cm, blade dark green adaxially, ovate-lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate, (2.5–)5–7 × 1.2–2 cm, terminal and basal ones elliptic-lanceolate, 4–6.5 × 1–1.7 cm, terminal and basal ones
smaller than others, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially pale, base slightly smaller than middle ones, abaxially with white hairs
obliquely rounded or broadly cuneate, margin sharply serrate along midvein, adaxially glabrous, base obliquely rounded,
but entire basally, or with 2–5 teeth per side, apex acuminate. margin sharply serrate, subentire basally or lower 1/3, apex
Inflorescences 6–10 × 7–12(–15) cm, loosely many flowered; shortly acuminate. Inflorescences 5–9 × 5–8 cm, loosely many
rachis and pedicels glabrous; bracts caducous, linear, 5–8 mm, flowered; rachis and pedicels white pubescent; bracts linear, 4–
membranous. Pedicel 4–8 mm. Flowers 15–18(–20) cm in 6 mm, membranous, margin entire. Pedicel 5–8 mm. Flowers
diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals tri- 1.5–2 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially gla-
angular, 1.5–2.5 mm, apex ± obtuse, rarely acute. Petals white, brous. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2.5 mm, abaxially glabrous or
ovate or elliptic, 6–9 × 5–7 mm, adaxially white pubescent, sparsely white pubescent only along margin, apex obtuse. Pet-
apex obtuse. Stamens (15–)20, ca. 1/2 as long as petals or als white, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 5–8 × 5–7 mm, adax-
shorter. Styles (3–)5, somewhat shorter than or nearly as long as ially with white hairs near base, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 20,
stamens, densely white tomentose basally. Fruit scarlet, glo- ca. 1/2 as long as petals or shorter. Styles usually 5, not exceed-
bose, 1–1.2 cm in diam., glabrous; sepals persistent. Fl. May– ing stamens, densely white tomentose basally. Fruit red, glo-
Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 34*. bose, 8–10 mm in diam.; sepals persistent. Fl. Jun, fr. Sep.
Mountain valleys, stream sides, forest margins; 2000–3200 m. ● Coniferous forests, thickets on mountain slopes, mountain
Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang [Afghanistan, W Pakistan, Russia; SW Asia]. summits; 1900–3500 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Xinjiang.
1a. Leaflet blade 5–7 cm, margin usually 11. Sorbus hupehensis C. K. Schneider, Bull. Herb. Boissier,
sharply serrate, entire only basally ... 9a. var. tianschanica sér. 2, 6: 316. 1906.
1b. Leaflet blade 2.5–5 cm, margin
entire or apically with 2–5 teeth 湖北花楸 hu bei hua qiu
per side .......................................... 9b. var. integrifoliolata
Trees 5–10 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown to grayish
9a. Sorbus tianschanica var. tianschanica brown, terete, with sparse elliptic lenticels, slightly white to-
 ROSACEAE

mentose when young, glabrescent; buds oblong-ovoid, 6–9 ● Slopes; 300–600 m. Shandong.
mm, apex acute or shortly acuminate; scales several, reddish 12. Sorbus oligodonta (Cardot) Handel-Mazzetti, Vegetations-
brown, glabrous. Leaves imparipinnate, together with rachis bild. 22 Heft. 8: 8. 1932.
10–15 cm; petiole 1.5–3.5 cm; stipules caducous or some
persistent, linear-lanceolate, 4–7 mm, membranous or nearly 少齿花楸 shao chi hua qiu
herbaceous, margin entire or apically 2-lobed; rachis sulcate
Pyrus oligodonta Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 351. 1918;
adaxially, initially tomentose, glabrescent; leaflets (3 or)4–8
P. glabrescens Cardot; Sorbus glabrescens (Cardot) Handel-
pairs, terminal and basal ones smaller than middle ones, at Mazzetti.
intervals of 0.5–1.5 cm, blades oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or
ovate-lanceolate, 3–5 × 1–1.8(–3) cm, lateral veins 7–16 pairs, Trees to 5–15 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown to grayish
slightly arcuate-anastomosing, abaxially white tomentose along brown, terete, with scattered small lenticels, glabrous; buds
midvein, glabrate, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, margin en- oblong-ovoid, 7–12 mm, apex acute; scales several, reddish
tire or subentire basally, emarginate-serrate apically, apex acute brown, glabrous, rarely reddish brown pubescent along margin.
to shortly acuminate, rarely obtuse. Inflorescences (4–)5–8 × 6– Leaves imparipinnate, together with rachis 15–20 cm; petiole
10 cm, many flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous or sparsely 2.5–3.5 cm; stipules caducous, lanceolate, 3–5 mm, membra-
white pubescent; bracts linear-lanceolate, 3–6 mm, membra- nous; rachis adaxially sulcate, somewhat winged, glabrous; leaf-
nous, margin usually entire, glabrous. Pedicel 3–5(–7) mm. lets (4 or)5–8-paired; basal ones usually smaller than middle
Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially ones, at intervals of 1.2–2 cm, blades elliptic or oblong-elliptic,
glabrous. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2.5 mm, abaxially glabrous or 3–6 × 1–2 cm, lateral veins 7–14 pairs, arcuate-anastomosing,
puberulous only along margin, apex acute. Petals white, ovate, both surfaces glabrous or abaxially sparsely pubescent at base
3–4 × 2–3 mm, glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. of midvein, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin mostly en-
Stamens 20, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Styles 4 or 5, slightly tire, with few teeth only at apex, or with 2–10 teeth per side,
shorter than or nearly as long as stamens, gray pubescent ba- apex acute, or ± obtuse and apiculate. Inflorescences 6–12 × 6–
sally, glabrescent. Fruit white, sometimes stained reddish, glo- 10 cm, densely flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous or
bose, 5–8 mm in diam., glabrous; sepals persistent. Fl. May– sparsely pubescent; bracts lanceolate, 3–4 mm, membranous.
Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. Pedicel 2–3 mm. Flowers 6–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium cam-
● Slopes, dense forests in gullies, thickets; 300–3800 m. Anhui,
panulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals broadly ovate or broadly
Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, ovate-triangular, 1–2 mm, apex obtuse or acute. Petals yel-
Yunnan. lowish white, ovate, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens 20,
shorter than petals. Styles 4 or 5, not exceeding stamens, pu-
1a. Leaflets 4–8-paired, blade oblong- bescent basally. Fruit white, stained red, ovoid, 6–8 mm in
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.8 diam.; sepals persistent. Fl. May, fr. Sep.
cm wide .............................................. 11a. var. hupehensis
1b. Leaflets 3- or 4-paired, blade oblong, Mountain slopes, mixed forests along river banks; 2000–3600 m.
2–3 cm wide ......................................... 11b. var. paucijuga W Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Myanmar].

11a. Sorbus hupehensis var. hupehensis 13. Sorbus macrantha Merrill, Brittonia 4: 78. 1941.

湖北花楸(原变种) hu bei hua qiu (yuan bian zhong) 大花花楸 da hua hua qiu

Pyrus hupehensis (C. K. Schneider) Bean (1933), not Trees 6–8 m tall. Branchlets dark purple or purplish
Pampanini (1910); P. mesogea Cardot; Sorbus aperta Koehne; brown, terete, glabrous, with few oblong, rarely suborbicular
S. hupehensis var. laxiflora (Koehne) C. K. Schneider; S. hupe- lenticels; buds ovoid, apex shortly acuminate; scales purplish
hensis var. obtusa C. K. Schneider; S. hupehensis var. syncarpa brown, glabrous. Leaves imparipinnate, together with rachis
Koehne; S. laxiflora Koehne. 15–20 cm; petiole 3–4 cm; stipules caducous, smaller; rachis
adaxially sulcate, narrowly winged, with glands in axils of peti-
Leaflets 4–8 pairs, blades oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lan- oles; leaflet blades 5- or 6-paired, opposite or subopposite, at
ceolate, 3–5 × 1–1.8 cm. intervals of 1.6–2 cm, pale green abaxially, oblong or oblong-
● Shaded slopes, dense forests in gullies, thickets; 300–3800 m. elliptic, 2–5 × 1–1.8 cm, both surfaces glabrous, base obliquely
Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, truncate or subrounded-truncate, margin coarsely sharply ser-
Sichuan, Yunnan. rate, apex obtuse to subacute. Inflorescences terminal at apices
11b. Sorbus hupehensis var. paucijuga (D. K. Zang & P. C. of branchlets, 8–10 × 4–8 cm, loosely few flowered; rachis and
Huang) L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 279. 2000. pedicels glabrous, with narrowly elliptic lenticels; bracts cadu-
cous. Pedicel 1–2 cm. Flowers 8–11 × 10–15 mm. Hypanthium
少叶花楸 shao ye hua qiu campanulate, ca. 4 mm, to 8 mm in diam., abaxially glabrous.
Sepals broadly triangular, ca. 2 × 3 mm, margin shallowly
Sorbus discolor (Maximowicz) Maximowicz var. pauciju-
glandular serrate, apex acute. Petals broadly ovate or subor-
ga D. K. Zang & P. C. Huang, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 12: 322.
bicular, 5–6 × 4–5 mm, adaxially puberulous, apex obtuse. Sta-
1992.
mens ca. 20; filaments 3–4 mm; anthers ellipsoid, ca. 1 mm.
Leaflets 3 or 4 pairs, blades oblong, 4–5 × 2–3 cm. Styles 3(–5), free, ca. 5 mm, slightly yellowish brown to-
 ROSACEAE

mentose basally. Fruit ovoid or narrowly ovoid, ca. 1 mm in Shrubs small, 0.1–2.7 m tall. Branchlets dark grayish
diam.; sepals persistent. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Sep. brown or grayish purple, terete, with indistinct elliptic lenticels,
Xizang, Yunnan [N Myanmar]. reddish brown pubescent when young, glabrous or subglabrous
when old; buds ovoid, 4–6 mm, apex acute; scales dark purple,
14. Sorbus reducta Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: reddish brown pubescent. Leaves imparipinnate, 5–10 cm with
272. 1912. rachis; petiole 1–2 cm; stipules lanceolate or linear, 3–5 mm,
铺地花楸 pu di hua qiu herbaceous, slightly reddish brown pubescent; rachis sulcate,
slightly winged, reddish brown pubescent when young, subgla-
Shrubs dwarf, 15–60 cm tall. Branchlets brownish gray to
brous when mature; leaflet blades 4–6(–9) pairs, at intervals of
brownish black, terete, with white and brown hairs when
6–12 mm, pale green abaxially, dark green adaxially, elliptic or
young, gradually glabrescent; buds ovoid, 4–8 mm, apex acute
oblong-elliptic, 1–2 cm × 6–9 mm, both surfaces glabrous, base
to shortly acuminate; scales several, reddish brown, apically
obliquely rounded, margin sharply serrate except at base, apex
white and reddish brown pubescent. Leaves imparipinnate,
acute or ± obtuse. Inflorescences corymbose or compound
together with rachis 6–8 cm; petiole 1–2 cm; stipules linear-
corymbose, 4–7 × 3.5–6 cm; rachis and pedicels reddish brown
lanceolate, 5–7 mm, submembranous; rachis sulcate, slightly
winged, sparsely pubescent when young, glabrate; leaflet blades pubescent; bracts linear, 3–4 mm, slightly reddish brown pubes-
4–6-paired, at intervals of 6–10 mm, oblong-elliptic or oblong, cent. Pedicel 1–3 cm. Flowers 6–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium
1–2 cm × 6–10 mm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially sparsely campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2.5
appressed villous, glabrous or subglabrous when old, base mm, apex obtuse. Petals pink, ovate, 3–4 × 2.5–3.5 mm, adax-
obliquely rounded, margin minutely sharply serrate, entire only ially pilose, apex obtuse. Stamens 20, ca. 1/2 as long as petals.
at base, apex obtuse or acute. Inflorescences corymbose or Styles 4 or 3, shorter than or nearly as long as stamens, pilose
compound corymbose, (2–)3–6 × 3–5 cm, few flowered; rachis basally. Fruit globose, 6–8 mm in diam.; sepals persistent, erect.
and pedicels white pubescent, intermixed with few reddish Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 68.
brown hairs; bracts linear-lanceolate, 4–6 mm. Pedicel 1–2 mm. Stony slopes, low shrubby thickets in high mountain areas; 3000–
Flowers 6–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially 4000 m. NW Yunnan [N Myanmar].
glabrous or reddish brown pubescent. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2.5
16. Sorbus foliolosa (Wallich) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 2: 96.
mm, apex obtuse. Petals white, ovate or broadly obovate, 3–5 ×
1834.
3–4 mm, puberulous, apex obtuse, rarely somewhat emarginate.
Stamens 20, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Styles 3–5, equaling or 尼泊尔花楸 ni po er hua qiu
lower than stamens, pubescent basally. Fruit white, globose, 6–
8 mm in diam.; sepals persistent. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. Pyrus foliolosa Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 81. 1831; P.
foliolosa var. ambigua Cardot; P. wallichii J. D. Hooker; Sor-
● Thickets on mountain slopes, mixed woods, stony mountain
bus wallichii (J. D. Hooker) T. T. Yu.
valleys, scrub, grasslands; 2200–4000 m. SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
1a. Hypanthium glabrous abaxially ............... 14a. var. reducta Shrubs or small trees, 1–4 m tall. Branchlets brownish to
1b. Hypanthium reddish brown pubescent grayish brown, terete, densely rusty pubescent when young,
abaxially .............................................. 14b. var. pubescens glabrescent, with oblong lenticels; buds ovoid, 4–6 mm, apex
obtuse; scales several, brown, glabrous or rusty puberulous
14a. Sorbus reducta var. reducta apically. Leaves imparipinnate, together with rachis 7–12 cm;
铺地花楸(原变种) pu di hua qiu (yuan bian zhong) petiole 1.5–2 cm; stipules caducous, linear-lanceolate, 4–8 mm,
margin entire or serrate; rachis shallowly sulcate, slightly rusty
Hypanthium glabrous abaxially.
puberulous, narrowly winged; leaflet blades (4–)6–9 pairs, sub-
● Thickets on mountain slopes, mixed woods, stony mountain leathery, at intervals of 0.8–1.2 cm, dark green adaxially, ob-
valleys; 2200–4000 m. SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan. long-elliptic or oblong, 2–3.5(–4.5) × 0.8–1.4 cm, lateral veins
14b. Sorbus reducta var. pubescens L. T. Lu, Bull. Bot. Res., slender, abaxially slightly pubescent, rusty puberulous or
Harbin 9(2): 52. 1989. subglabrous along midvein, glabrous, rarely pubescent, base
obliquely rounded, margin sharply few toothed apically. Com-
毛萼铺地花楸 mao e pu di hua qiu
pound corymbs 4.5–10 cm in diam., many flowered; rachis and
Hypanthium reddish brown pubescent abaxially. pedicels with rusty hairs and oblong lenticels; bracts caducous,
● Scrub, grasslands; 3400–3500 m. NW Yunnan (Gongshan linear, 1–3 mm. Pedicel 1–2 mm or indistinct. Flowers 6–9 mm
Xian). in diam. Hypanthium campanulate or obconic, glabrous or
One of us (Spongberg) prefers to treat this variety as a synonym of slightly pubescent. Sepals triangular, glabrous, apex obtuse or
the species because of the slight differences. acute. Petals white, ovate to broadly obovate, 2–3 mm, base
shortly clawed. Stamens 20, shorter than petals. Styles 2 or 3(or
15. Sorbus poteriifolia Handel-Mazzetti, Anz. Kaiserl. Akad. 4), free at base, glabrous. Fruit red, globose or ovoid, 4–6 mm
Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 62: 223. 1925, p.p.
in diam., with sparse small lenticels; sepals persistent; seeds
侏儒花楸 zhu ru hua qiu brownish, 1–2 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 68.
Pyrus foliolosa Wallich var. subglabra Cardot; P. reducta Mixed forests, stream sides; 2500–4200 m. SE Xizang, Yunnan
W. W. Smith (1930), not Diels (1912). [Bhutan, N India, N Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim].
 ROSACEAE

17. Sorbus pteridophylla Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 470. lenticels; buds ovoid or conical, 0.8–1.4 cm × 4–8 mm, apex
1933. acute or acuminate; scales reddish brown. Leaves imparipin-
蕨叶花楸 jue ye hua qiu nate, together with rachis 7–12(–18) cm; petiole 2–5 cm; stip-
ules broadly ovate or suborbicular, 1–1.2 cm, cleft to multifid
Shrubs or small trees, 4–7 m tall. Branchlets brown or or entire with large teeth, rarely narrower, subulate, sparsely
blackish brown, terete, sparsely lenticellate; buds compressed- reddish brown pubescent; rachis sulcate, narrowly winged,
ovoid, 4–6 mm, apex acute; scales several, dark brown, tomen- abaxially rust-brown pubescent, with glands at base of leaflet;
tulose when young, glabrescent. Leaves imparipinnate, together leaflet blades 9–15-paired, at intervals of 1–2 cm, pale abax-
with rachis 6–13 cm; petiole 1–1.5 cm; stipules lanceolate to ially, dark green adaxially, linear or narrowly lanceolate, 2.5–
ovate, 4–6 mm, herbaceous, sharply incised-serrate, rarely sub- 5(–6) × 1–1.5 cm, abaxially rust-brown pubescent along mid-
entire; rachis slender, shallowly sulcate, pubescent, glabrescent, vein, adaxially lustrous, base rounded, margin sharply serrate
narrowly winged; leaflet blades 9–14-paired, at intervals of 6–8 from base or above middle, apex shortly acuminate. Compound
mm, pale abaxially, dark green adaxially, ovate-linear or linear- corymbs terminal, 5–7(–10) cm in diam., many flowered; rachis
oblong, 1.5–3 cm × 6–8 mm, lateral veins ca. 10 pairs, abaxi- and pedicels densely rust-brown pubescent; bracts reddish
ally pubescent along midvein, papillose, adaxially glabrous, brown, broadly linear-triangular, 3–10 mm, puberulous. Pedicel
base obliquely rounded, margin mostly entire, with 4–8 sharp 2–4 mm. Flowers ca. 8 mm in diam. Hypanthium widely ob-
teeth per side near apex, apex obtuse or acute. Compound conical or somewhat shortly tubular. Sepals greenish or reddish,
corymbs 3–6 × 4–7 cm; rachis and pedicels pubescent, grad- triangular, 1–1.5 mm, glabrous, glandular at margin. Petals
ually glabrescent, sparsely minutely lenticellate. Pedicel 3–5 white, rarely reddish at margin, orbicular, obovate, or rhombic,
mm. Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, pu- 2.5–3 × 1.5–2 mm, base shortly clawed. Stamens ca. 20. Ovary
berulous when young, glabrate. Sepals broadly triangular, 1–2 5-loculed; styles 5, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit globose, 7–8
mm, glabrous, apex obtuse or acute. Petals white, broadly ovate mm in diam., glabrous, with persistent erect sepals; seeds black-
or elliptic-ovate, ca. 3 × 2.5–3 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse. Sta- ish, lanceolate-ellipsoid, 4–5 mm, slightly rugose. Fl. Jun–Jul,
mens 20, shorter than petals. Styles 3–5, nearly as long as sta- fr. Sep–Oct.
mens, pubescent basally. Fruit ovoid, 6–8 mm in diam.; sepals
persistent. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. Coniferous forests, high mountain thickets; 2700–5400 m. NW
Sichuan, S Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, India, NE Myanmar, Nepal,
Dry slopes, mixed forests in mountain valleys, cliffs; 2700–3800 Sikkim].
m. Xizang, Yunnan [N Myanmar].
1a. Leaflet blades linear or narrowly lanceolate,
1a. Rachis, midvein of leaflet blade, and margin sharply serrate from base or above;
inflorescence rusty pubescent ........ 17a. var. pteridophylla hypanthium widely obconical or
1b. Rachis, midvein of leaflet blade, somewhat shortly tubular .......................... 18a. var. ursina
and inflorescence sparsely gray 1b. Leaflet blades narrowly lanceolate, margin
pubescent .......................................... 17b. var. tephroclada sharply serrate apically; hypanthium
17a. Sorbus pteridophylla var. pteridophylla somewhat turbinate ............................ 18b. var. wenzigiana
蕨叶花楸(原变种) jue ye hua qiu (yuan bian zhong) 18a. Sorbus ursina var. ursina
Rachis, midvein of leaflet blade, and inflorescence rusty 美叶花楸(原变种) mei ye hua qiu (yuan bian zhong)
pubescent.
Sorbus foliolosa (Wallich) Spach var. ursina Wenzig,
● Dry slopes, mixed forests in mountain valleys; 2800–3800 m.
Linnaea 38: 75. 1874.
Xizang, Yunnan.
17b. Sorbus pteridophylla var. tephroclada Handel-Mazzetti, Leaflet blades linear or narrowly lanceolate, margin sharp-
Symb. Sin. 7: 471. 1933. ly serrate from base or above middle. Hypanthium widely ob-
conical or somewhat shortly tubular.
灰毛蕨叶花楸 hui mao jue ye hua qiu
Coniferous forests, high mountain thickets; 2700–4600 m. NW
Rachis, midvein of leaflet blade, and inflorescence sparse- Sichuan, S X izang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, India, NE Myanmar, Nepal,
ly gray pubescent. Sikkim].

Cliffs; 2700–3700 m. NW Yunnan [N Myanmar]. 18b. Sorbus ursina var. wenzigiana C. K. Schneider, Bull.
Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 4: 316. 1906.
One of us (Spongberg) prefers to treat this variety as a synonym of
the species because of the slight differences. 西藏美叶花楸 xi zang mei ye hua qiu
18. Sorbus ursina (Wenzig) Hedlund, Kongl. Svenska Veten- Sorbus wenzigiana (C. K. Schneider) Koehne.
skapsakad. Handl. 35(1): 80. 1901.
Leaflet blades narrowly lanceolate, margin sharply serrate
美叶花楸 mei ye hua qiu apically. Hypanthium somewhat turbinate.
Shrubs or small trees, 2–6 m tall. Branchlets brownish or Coniferous forests, high mountain thickets; 3000–5400 m. SE Xi-
grayish brown, terete, glabrous, with sparse, orbicular or elliptic zang [NW India, Nepal, Sikkim].
 ROSACEAE

19. Sorbus kiukiangensis T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 225. Pyrus obsoletidentata Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 353.
1963. 1918.
俅江花楸 qiu jiang hua qiu Shrubs or small trees. Branchlets brownish gray, terete,
glabrous when old, with few lenticels; buds ovoid, apex acute
Shrubs or small trees, 3–7 m tall. Branchlets grayish
or shortly acuminate; scales several, dark red, brown pubescent.
brown to blackish brown, terete, glabrous, with sparse, large
Leaves imparipinnate, together with rachis 6–9 cm; petiole 1–
lenticels; buds oblong-ovoid, apex acuminate; scales several,
1.5 cm; stipules caducous, lanceolate, margin entire, membra-
dark reddish brown, glabrous or apically rust-brown pilose.
nous; rachis abaxially sparsely brown pubescent, adaxially
Leaves imparipinnate, together with rachis 11–17 cm; petiole
sulcate, sometimes with few dark red glands, slightly winged;
1.3–3 cm; stipules caducous, lanceolate, 6–11 mm, membra-
leaflet blades 11–14-paired, at intervals of 4–8 mm, blade dark
nous; rachis adaxially shallowly sulcate, distinctly narrowly
green adaxially, linear-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 1–2.5 ×
winged, rust-brown pubescent, usually intermixed with white
0.4–0.8 cm, abaxially slightly brown pubescent or subglabrous,
hairs; leaflet blades 7–9-paired, terminal and basal ones smaller,
adaxially glabrous, base ± obliquely rounded, margin entire or
at intervals of 6–12 mm, dark green adaxially, oblong or ovate-
apically shallowly few toothed, apex acute or ± obtuse. Com-
oblong, 2.5–3.5 × 1.2–1.5 cm, both surfaces subglabrous, or
abaxially reddish brown pubescent, later only along veins, pound corymbs terminal, 2–5 cm in diam., densely flowered;
adaxially white pubescent, glabrescent, base obliquely rounded, rachis and pedicels brown pubescent; bracts caducous, reddish
with few sharp teeth apically, apex usually obtuse, rarely acute. brown, linear, membranous. Pedicel 1–2 mm. Flowers 5–7 mm
Compound corymbs 6–11 cm, many flowered; rachis and pedi- in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially brown pubescent.
cels rust-brown pubescent; bracts lanceolate, 6–9 mm, mem- Sepals triangular, slightly rust-brown pubescent or subglabrous,
branous. Pedicel 2–4 mm. Flowers 6–8 mm in diam. Hypan- apex acute or obtuse. Petals white, ovate, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, adax-
thium campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2 ially glabrous or puberulous, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 20, near-
mm, apex obtuse or acute. Petals ovoid, 3–4 × 2.5–3.5 mm, ly 1/2 as long as petals. Styles 4, ca. as long as stamens, gla-
glabrous, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 1/3 as long as petals. Styles brous. Fruit not seen.
5, pilose basally. Fruit red or reddish brown, ovoid-globose, 5– ● Mountain slopes, roadsides. NW Yunnan.
8 mm in diam.; sepals persistent. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n
= 68*. 21. Sorbus scalaris Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 462.
1913.
● Mixed forests, thickets, hot dry mountain valleys, stream sides;
2500–3800 m. SE Xizang, NW Yunnan. 梯叶花楸 ti ye hua qiu
This taxon is probably an aggregate of apomictic microspecies. Pyrus scalaris (Koehne) Bean; Sorbus foliolosa (Wallich)
1a. Leaflet blade apically obtuse, rarely Spach var. pluripinnata C. K. Schneider; S. pluripinnata (C. K.
acute, adaxially white pilose, Schneider) Koehne.
abaxially rust-brown pubescent ..... 19a. var. kiukiangensis Shrubs or small trees, 3–7 m tall. Branchlets blackish gray
1b. Leaflet blade apically acute, both when old, terete, gray or brown pubescent when young, subgla-
surfaces subglabrous ......................... 19b. var. glabrescens brous when old; buds ovoid, 7–9 × 4–7 mm, apex obtuse; scales
19a. Sorbus kiukiangensis var. kiukiangensis several, brownish, with grayish white hairs. Leaves imparipin-
nate, together with rachis 10–18 cm; petiole 1–2.5 cm; stipules
俅江花楸(原变种) qiu jiang hua qiu (yuan bian zhong) persistent, suborbicular or ovate, 0.7–1.4 cm in diam., margin
Sorbus kiukiangensis var. crossotocalyx (Cardot) C. Y. coarsely serrate; rachis purplish, abaxially white tomentose,
Wu. adaxially sulcate; leaflet blades (8–)10–14 pairs, terminal and
basal ones smaller, at intervals of 8–10 mm, oblong or nearly
Leaflet blade abaxially rust-brown pubescent, adaxially
broadly linear, 2–3(–4) × 0.6–1.4 cm, abaxially gray tomentose
white pilose, apex obtuse, rarely acute.
and papillose, adaxially glabrous, base rounded or obliquely so,
● Mixed forests, thickets, hot dry mountain valleys, stream sides; margin minutely sharply serrate near apex, with 2–8 teeth per
3000–3800 m. SE Xizang, NW Yunnan. side, apex obtuse or acute. Inflorescences terminal, 6–10 × 7–
19b. Sorbus kiukiangensis var. glabrescens T. T. Yu, Acta 12 cm, many flowered; rachis and pedicels gray or grayish
Phytotax. Sin. 8: 225. 1963. white tomentose, glabrescent, subglabrous in fruit, with promi-
nent lenticels. Flowers 6–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanu-
无毛俅江花楸 wu mao qiu jiang hua qiu late, glabrous or slightly tomentose near base. Sepals triangular,
Leaflet blade subglabrous on both surfaces, apex acute. 1–2 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse. Petals white, ovate or sub-
orbicular, 2.5–3.5 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 20,
● Thickets at coniferous forest margins; 2500–3000 m. NW Yun-
nearly as long as petals. Styles 3 or 4, not exceeding stamens,
nan.
densely pubescent basally. Fruit red, ovoid-globose, 5–6 mm in
20. Sorbus obsoletidentata (Cardot) T. T. Yu, Fl. Reipubl. diam.; sepals persistent. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*.
Popularis Sin. 36: 328. 1974.
● Mixed forests on mountain slopes; 1600–3000 m. W Sichuan,
宾川花楸 bin chuan hua qiu Yunnan.
 ROSACEAE

22. Sorbus glomerulata Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 470. Shrubs or small trees, 3–8 m tall. Branchlets dark grayish
1913. brown or dark reddish brown, terete, lenticellate, puberulous
when young, glabrous when old; buds narrowly ovoid, 0.9–1.4
球穗花楸 qiu sui hua qiu
cm, apex acute to shortly acuminate; scales several, dark red-
Pyrus glomerulata (Koehne) Bean. dish brown, glabrous or rust-brown pubescent along margin.
Leaves pinnately compound, together with rachis 10–15 cm;
Shrubs or small trees, 3–7 m tall. Branchlets dark gray to
petiole 1–3 cm; stipules caducous, ovate to lanceolate, 0.8–1.2
brown gray, terete, glabrous, lenticellate; buds ovoid, 4–8 mm,
cm × 5–6 mm, margin entire or few toothed at apex; rachis
apex acute to shortly acuminate; scales several, brownish, gla-
brous. Leaves imparipinnate, together with rachis 10–17 cm; shallowly sulcate, glabrous or puberulous, winged; leaflet blades
petiole 1.5–2.5 cm; stipules lanceolate, 3–6 mm, herbaceous or 7–9(or 10) pairs, at intervals of 1–1.5 cm, oblong to oblong-
submembranous; rachis shallowly sulcate, abaxially glabrous or lanceolate, 2.5–5 × 1–1.5 cm, lateral veins 10–20 pairs, both
subglabrous, slightly winged; leaflet blades 10–14(–18) pairs, surfaces pilose or abaxially rust-brown pubescent along mid-
terminal and basal ones smaller than others, at intervals of 5–9 vein, sometimes glabrescent, base obliquely rounded or broadly
mm, pale abaxially, dark green adaxially, oblong or ovate-ob- cuneate, margin minutely to coarsely serrate, apex acute, rarely
long, 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–0.8 cm, abaxially pubescent or subglabrous obtuse. Compound corymbs terminal, rarely axillary, 4–6 × 3–5
only at base of midvein, adaxially glabrous, base obliquely cm, densely flowered; rachis and pedicels initially sparsely rust-
rounded, with 5–8 minute sharp teeth on each margin above brown pubescent, sometimes glabrescent or subglabrous; bracts
middle or only near apex, apex acute or ± obtuse. Compound caducous, linear to lanceolate, smaller than stipules. Pedicel 1–
corymbs 5–9 × 6–10 cm, densely flowered; rachis and pedicels 2 mm. Flowers 6–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate,
glabrous or slightly pubescent; bracts linear or lanceolate, 3–5 abaxially glabrous or subglabrous. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2.5
mm, membranous, usually glabrous. Pedicel 2–3 mm. Hypan- mm, apex obtuse. Petals white, broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate,
thium campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular-ovate, 3–5 × 2–3.5 mm, glabrous, base broadly clawed, apex obtuse.
1–2 mm, apex obtuse. Petals white, broadly ovate, 3–3.5 × 2–3 Stamens 20, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Styles (4 or)5, ca. as long
mm, glabrous, apex ± obtuse. Stamens 20, ca. 1/2 as long as as or slightly longer than stamens, puberulous basally. Fruit
petals. Styles 5, nearly as long as stamens, glabrous. Fruit pinkish white to crimson, ovoid, 6–8 mm in diam.; sepals per-
white, ovoid, 6–8 mm in diam., glabrous; sepals persistent. Fl. sistent. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*.
May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 34*.
Forests, forest margins, thickets on slopes and in valleys; 2600–
● Thickets, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests; 1600– 4300 m. Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [N Myanmar].
4000 m. Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan.
1a. Leaflet margin deeply coarsely
23. Sorbus zayuensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. serrate; fruit pinkish white ............. 24c. var. grosseserrata
18: 494. 1980. 1b. Leaflet margin minutely sharply
察隅花楸 cha yu hua qiu serrate; fruit reddish to dark red.
2a. Buds, leaflet blade abaxially
Trees to 4 m tall. Branchlets brownish gray, terete, with
along midvein, and inflorescence
small lenticels; buds ovoid or oblong-ovoid, small, apex acute
sparsely pubescent or rust-brown
or ± obtuse; scales several, brown. Leaves imparipinnate, to-
pubescent, glabrescent ............... 24a. var. rehderiana
gether with rachis 6–10 cm; petiole 2–3 cm; stipules persistent,
2b. Buds, leaflet blade abaxially
5–7 mm, herbaceous, glabrous, margin dentate or entire; rachis
along midvein, and inflorescence
shallowly sulcate adaxially, slightly winged, glabrous; leaflet
densely rust-brown pubescent,
blades 5–8-paired, terminal and basal ones smaller than middle
not glabrescent ....................... 24b. var. cupreonitens
ones, at intervals of 1–1.3 cm, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 2–3.5
× 0.9–1.2 cm, both surfaces glabrous, base broadly cuneate or 24a. Sorbus rehderiana var. rehderiana
obliquely rounded, margin coarsely sharply serrate except at en-
tire base, apex obtuse or ± acute. Compound corymbs many 西南花楸(原变种) xi nan hua qiu (yuan bian zhong)
flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous; bracts 4–6 mm, gla- Pyrus hypoglauca Cardot; P. rehderiana (Koehne) Cardot;
brous, margin entire or few toothed. Pedicel 2–4 mm. Flowers Sorbus hypoglauca (Cardot) Handel-Mazzetti.
8–10 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially gla-
brous. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2 mm, apex acute. Petals white, Leaflet margin minutely sharply serrate. Buds, leaflet
nearly orbicular or elliptic, adaxially puberulous or subgla- blades abaxially along midvein, and inflorescences sparsely
brous, base shortly clawed. Stamens ca. 20, shorter than petals. pubescent or rust-brown pubescent, glabrescent, subglabrous
Styles 4, nearly as long as stamens, glabrous, base connate or ± when old. Fruit reddish to dark red.
free. Fruit not seen. 2n = 34*. Coniferous or mixed forests, thickets on slopes; 2600–4300 m.
● Roadsides, river banks, forests on mountain slopes; below 3600 Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [N Myanmar].
m. SE Xizang (Zayü Xian). 24b. Sorbus rehderiana var. cupreonitens Handel-Mazzetti,
24. Sorbus rehderiana Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 464. Anz. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 62: 223.
1913. 1925.
西南花楸 xi nan hua qiu 锈毛西南花楸 xiu mao xi nan hua qiu
 ROSACEAE

Leaflet margin minutely sharply serrate. Buds, leaflet Leaves imparipinnate, together with rachis 10–16 cm; petiole
blades abaxially along midvein, and inflorescences densely 1–2.5 cm; stipules caducous, lanceolate, 6–7 mm, submem-
rust-brown pubescent, not glabrescent. Fruit reddish to dark red. branous, margin serrate, rarely entire; rachis adaxially sulcate,
● Forests and forest margins on mountain slopes, thickets in
puberulous or subglabrous, slightly winged; leaflet blades 8–
valleys; 3000–4100 m. S Xizang, NW Yunnan. 12-paired, rarely more, at intervals of 7–12 mm, grayish green
abaxially, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 1.5–3 × 0.5–1 cm,
24c. Sorbus rehderiana var. grosseserrata Koehne in Sargent, lateral veins 9 or 10 pairs, abaxially puberulous or subglabrous
Pl. Wilson. 1: 465. 1913. only along midvein, papillose, adaxially glabrous, base oblique-
巨齿西南花楸 ju chi xi nan hua qiu ly rounded, margin coarsely serrate except at base, with 10–14
teeth per side, apex obtuse or acute. Compound corymbs ter-
Leaflet margin deeply coarsely serrate. Buds, leaflet minal, 5–9 × 4–6(–10) cm, many flowered; rachis and pedicels
blades abaxially along midvein, and inflorescences sparsely sparsely white pubescent, nearly glabrous when old; bracts
rust-brown pubescent, glabrescent. Fruit pinkish white. caducous, linear or lanceolate, 5–6 mm. Pedicel 1–2 mm. Flow-
● Forests, forest margins; 2600–3000 m. NW Sichuan. ers 8–9 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous. Se-
pals triangular, shorter than petals, apex obtuse. Petals white, 4–
25. Sorbus randaiensis (Hayata) Koidzumi, J. Coll. Sci. Imp.
6 × 3–4 mm, adaxially puberulous or subglabrous, base shortly
Univ. Tokyo 34(2): 52. 1913.
clawed. Stamens 20, ca. 1/3 as long as petals. Styles 5, nearly as
台湾花楸 tai wan hua qiu long as stamens, ± free at base, puberulous or subglabrous.
Pyrus aucuparia (Linnaeus) Gaertner var. randaiensis Fruit white, globose, 6–8 mm in diam.; sepals persistent. Fl.
Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 98. 1911; P. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*, 68*.
aucuparia var. trilocularis Hayata; Sorbus rufoferruginea (Shi- ● Mixed forests in mountain regions, thickets; 2300–4000 m.
rasawa) Koidzumi var. trilocularis (Hayata) Koidzumi; S. tri- Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, W Yunnan.
locularis (Hayata) Masamune.
27. Sorbus prattii Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 468. 1913.
Trees 3–8 m tall. Branchlets dark grayish brown, terete,
西康花楸 xi kang hua qiu
glabrous, with numerous small white lenticels; buds ovoid, 8–
10 mm, apex acute or acuminate; scales several, brown, gla- Shrubs 2–4 m tall. Shoots dark gray to brownish gray,
brous, slightly viscid. Leaves imparipinnate, together with ra- terete, with few lenticels, initially sparsely pubescent, glabrous
chis 12–16 cm; petiole to 3 cm, puberulous, gradually gla- when old; buds ovoid, 5–9 mm, apex acute; scales several, dark
brescent; stipules caducous, linear, 6–9 mm; rachis adaxially reddish brown, sparsely brown pubescent. Leaves imparipin-
slightly sulcate, abaxially puberulous, narrowly winged; leaflet nate, together with rachis 8–15 cm; petiole 1–2 cm; stipules
blades 8 or 9 pairs, terminal and basal ones smaller than middle caducous, lanceolate to ovate, 4–8 mm, submembranous, mar-
ones, at intervals of 1–1.5 cm, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-ob- gin entire or sometimes lobed; rachis sulcate, initially puberu-
long, (3–)4–5.5 × (0.8–)1–1.5 cm, abaxially puberulous, adax- lous, subglabrous when old, narrowly winged; leaflet blades 9–
ially glabrous, base slightly obliquely rounded, margin sharply 13(–17)-paired, at intervals of 6–10 mm, dark green adaxially,
serrate, with 20–30 teeth per side, apex shortly acuminate. oblong, rarely oblong-ovate, 1.5–3 × 0.5–1 cm, lateral veins 7–
Compound corymbs 7.5–8 × 9–10 cm, many flowered; rachis 9 pairs, abaxially puberulous along midvein, densely papillose,
and pedicels sparsely pubescent or subglabrous, with oblong adaxially glabrous, base obliquely rounded, margin minutely
lenticels; bracts caducous, linear, 5–8 mm. Pedicel 3–5 mm, sharply serrate apically, with 5–10 teeth, rarely more along each
rarely to 8 mm. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium cam- margin, apex obtuse or acute. Compound corymbs terminal,
panulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2.5 mm, 5.5–9 × 4.5–8 cm, loosely many flowered; rachis and pedicels
apex acute or shortly acuminate. Petals white, suborbicular, glabrous or puberulous, gradually glabrescent, with small ellip-
longer than sepals, base shortly and broadly clawed, apex ob- soid lenticels; bracts caducous, lanceolate, 4–6 mm. Pedicel 2–3
tuse. Stamens 20, slightly shorter than petals. Styles 3–5, some- mm. Flowers 7–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate,
what not exceeding stamens. Fruit reddish, ovoid, 5–7 mm in abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular, apex obtuse. Petals white,
diam., (3 or)4(or 5)-loculed; sepals persistent. Fl. Jun, fr. Oct. broadly ovate, ca. 5 × 4 mm, adaxially puberulous or subgla-
2n = 34*. brous, apex obtuse. Stamens 20, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Styles
● Forests; 2100–4200 m. Taiwan. 5 or 4, nearly as long as stamens, puberulous or subglabrous,
connate at base to apical 1/3. Fruit white, globose, 7–8 mm in
26. Sorbus koehneana C. K. Schneider, Bull. Herb. Boissier, diam.; sepals persistent. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
sér. 2, 6: 316. 1906.
Mixed or coniferous forests in mountain regions; 2000–4500 m.
陕甘花楸 shan gan hua qiu W Sichuan, S Xizang, C and NW Yunnan [Bhutan, Sikkim].
Pyrus koehneana (C. K. Schneider) Cardot; Sorbus multi- 1a. Leaflets usually 9–13 pairs; rachis of leaves
juga Koehne var. microdonta Koehne; S. valbrayi H. Léveillé. and inflorescence puberulous, subglabrous
Shrubs or small trees, 1.5–4 m tall. Branchlets dark gray or when old ..................................................... 27a. var. prattii
blackish gray, terete, slender, glabrous, with few lenticels; buds 1b. Leaflets usually 13–17 pairs; rachis of
narrowly ovoid, 5–10 mm, apex acute or ± obtuse; scales sev- leaves and inflorescence glabrous,
eral, reddish brown, glabrous or brown pubescent only apically. rarely puberulous .................................. 27b. var. aestivalis
 ROSACEAE

27a. Sorbus prattii var. prattii 川滇花楸 chuan dian hua qiu
西康花楸(原变种) xi kang hua qiu (yuan bian zhong) Shrubs or small trees, 4–6 m tall. Branchlets reddish
brown to grayish brown when young, dark blackish gray when
Sorbus munda Koehne; S. munda f. subarachnoidea
old, terete, densely rust-brown pubescent when young, grad-
Koehne; S. munda f. tatsienensis Koehne; S. pogonopetala ually glabrescent; buds ovoid, 4–7 mm, apex shortly acuminate
Koehne; S. prattii var. tatsienensis C. K. Schneider; S. ungui- or acute; scales several, brown, rust-brown pubescent. Leaves
culata Koehne. imparipinnate, together with rachis 10–18 cm; petiole 1.2–2
Leaflet blades usually 9–13-paired. Rachis of leaves and cm; stipules caducous, subulate, 3–6 mm, membranous; rachis
inflorescences initially puberulous, subglabrous when old. abaxially rust-brown pubescent, slightly winged, sulcate adax-
ially; leaflet blades 9–13-paired, at intervals of 6–12 mm, gray-
Mixed or coniferous forests in mountain regions; 2100–3800 m. ish green abaxially, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 1.5–2.5 × 6–10
W Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, Sikkim].
mm, abaxially rust-brown pubescent along midvein, adaxially
27b. Sorbus prattii var. aestivalis (Koehne) T. T. Yu, Fl. glabrous, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margin sparsely
Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36. 340. 1974. serrate apically, with 5–10 minute sharp teeth per side, usually
entire basally, apex acute. Compound corymbs 5–7 × 2–5 cm,
多对西康花楸 duo dui xi kang hua qiu many flowered; rachis and pedicels rust-brown pubescent.
Sorbus aestivalis Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 469. Pedicel 1.5–3 mm. Hypanthium campanulate, rust-brown pu-
1913. bescent. Sepals triangular-ovate, 1–2 mm, apex ± obtuse. Petals
white, ovate or subrounded, 3–3.5 × 2.5–3 mm, adaxially pu-
Leaflet blades usually 13–17-paired. Rachis of leaves and berulous, apex obtuse. Stamens 20, ca. 1/2 as long as petals.
inflorescences glabrous, rarely puberulous. Styles 5, slightly shorter than or nearly as long as stamens,
● Sparse mixed forests in high mountain regions; 2000–4500 m. glabrous. Fruit pink, globose, 7–8 mm in diam.; sepals persis-
W Sichuan, S Xizang, C and NW Yunnan. tent. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 34*, 68*.
One of us (Spongberg) prefers to treat this variety as a synonym of ● Mountain slopes, roadsides, mixed forests along river banks,
the species because of the slight differences. grasslands, bamboo thickets; 2800–4400 m. SW Sichuan, SE Xizang,
NW Yunnan.
28. Sorbus monbeigii (Cardot) Balakr., J. Bombay Nat. Hist.
Soc. 67: 59. 1970. The type specimen is from an apomictic microspecies known only
in cultivation, but almost indistinguishable specimens are diploid and
维西花楸 wei xi hua qiu frequent in the wild. In Sichuan, SE Xizang, and Yunnan there are simi-
lar apomictic microspecies with nearly identical fruits but larger leaflets.
Pyrus monbeigii Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 352. 1918. These are probably of hybrid origin with one parent being Sorbus
Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets brownish gray, glabrous, vilmorinii and the other S. rehderiana or S. monbeigii. These trees have
leaves 13–23(–40) cm, with 9–18 pairs of leaflets to 37(–75) × 15(–17)
with small lenticels; buds reddish, shortly ovoid, ca. 8 mm,
mm.
densely light brown pubescent; scales reddish. Leaves im-
paripinnate, together with rachis 10–15 cm; petiole 2–3.5 cm; 30. Sorbus filipes Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 472. 1933.
stipules usually persistent, large, margin serrate, rarely entire;
rachis adaxially shallowly sulcate, somewhat winged, pubes- 纤细花楸 qian xi hua qiu
cent; leaflet blades 6–8(–10) pairs, terminal and basal ones Sorbus poteriifolia Handel-Mazzetti, p.p.
slightly smaller than others, at intervals of 1–1.5 cm, green
abaxially, dark green adaxially, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 2–4 × Shrubs 1.5–4.5 m tall. Branchlets brown or reddish brown
0.9–1.2 cm, abaxially lustrous, pubescent along midvein and when young, grayish black when old, reddish brown pubescent
margin, adaxially puberulous when young, base broadly cune- when young, prominently lenticellate when old; buds ovoid, 3–
ate or subrounded, oblique on one side, margin serrate except at 6 mm, apex ± obtuse or acute; scales several, dark brown,
base, apex obtuse or ± acute. Corymbs compound, 4–8 cm in brown pubescent. Leaves imparipinnate, together with rachis 5–
diam., densely flowered; rachis and pedicels pubescent; bracts 10 cm; petiole 0.5–1.5 cm; stipules caducous, purple, minute,
similar to stipules, but smaller. Pedicel 2–4 mm. Flowers 8–10 2–3 mm; rachis abaxially sparsely brown pubescent, narrowly
mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially pubescent. winged, adaxially shallowly sulcate; leaflet blades usually 8–13
Sepals triangular, 1–2 mm, apex ± obtuse or acute. Petals white, pairs, at intervals of 3–6 mm, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 0.6–1.4
suborbicular, 3.5–5 × 3–4.5 mm, adaxially puberulous or gla- cm × 4–8 mm, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, both surfaces glabrous,
brous, base shortly clawed. Stamens 20, ca. 1/2 as long as base broadly cuneate or rotund, margin 3–5- coarsely toothed
petals. Styles 4, nearly as long as stamens, glabrous, nearly free per side, apex obtuse or ± acute. Inflorescences corymbose or
or connate at base. Fruit orangish red, ovoid, 6–8 mm in diam.; compound-corymbose, 3–6 cm, 3–10(–12)-flowered; rachis and
sepals persistent. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*. pedicels glabrous or sparsely brown pubescent, glabrous in
fruit; bracts caducous, linear, 1–3 mm, glabrous. Pedicel 7–10
● Mixed forests, thickets on mountain slopes; 2500–3000 m. NW
mm. Hypanthium purple, campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Se-
Yunnan.
pals triangular, 1.5–2.5 mm, apex obtuse. Petals crimson, broad-
29. Sorbus vilmorinii C. K. Schneider, Bull. Herb. Boissier, ly ovate, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse. Stamens 20,
sér. 2, 6: 317. 1906. shorter than petals. Styles 3–5, ca. as long as stamens, puberu-
 ROSACEAE

lous basally. Fruit dark red, ovoid-globose, 7–8 mm in diam., 2–5 mm, margin entire, puberulous; rachis slender, abaxially
somewhat glaucous; sepals persistent. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug– rust-brown pubescent, slightly narrowly winged, adaxially
Sep. 2n = 68*. shallowly grooved; leaflet blades 13–18 pairs, at intervals of 4–
Thickets of high mountains, river banks, stony slopes; 3000–4000 8 mm, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 6–11 × 2–4 mm, abaxially
m. Xizang, NW Yunnan [N Myanmar]. rust-brown pubescent along midvein, adaxially glabrous, base
For an apomictic microspecies, this taxon is remarkably constant cuneate, margin deeply sharply incised-serrate, entire near base,
over a wide geographic range. apex acute. Compound corymbs terminal, small, usually 5–12-
flowered; rachis and pedicels rust-brown pubescent; bracts
31. Sorbus microphylla (Wallich ex J. D. Hooker) Wenzig, lanceolate, 3–5 mm, with sparse, rust-brown hairs. Pedicel 3–9
Linnaea 38: 76. 1874. mm. Flowers 4–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, rust-
小叶花楸 xiao ye hua qiu brown pubescent when young, gradually glabrescent or sub-
glabrous when old. Sepals triangular, apex acute, rarely obtuse.
Pyrus microphylla Wallich ex J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India Petals pink, suborbicular, 2–3 mm and ca. as broad, without
2: 376. 1878. hairs, base shortly clawed. Stamens 10–15, ca. as long as petals.
Shrubs or small trees, 2–5 m tall. Branchlets reddish Styles 3, ca. as long as stamens, slightly pilose basally. Fl.
brown when young, grayish brown when old, terete, puberulous May–Jun.
when young, with sparse, oblong or suborbicular lenticels; buds ● Coniferous forests; below 3200 m. NW Yunnan (Lanping
conical or ovoid, 5–7(–8) mm, apex acuminate and puberulous; Xian).
scales several, reddish brown. Leaves imparipinnate, together
with rachis 11–14 cm; petiole 1–1.5 cm; stipules lanceolate or 33. Sorbus rufopilosa C. K. Schneider, Bull. Herb. Boissier,
subulate-lanceolate, 4–6 mm, submembranous, margin entire or sér. 2, 6: 317. 1906.
slightly 2-lobed; rachis slender, adaxially grooved with reddish 红毛花楸 hong mao hua qiu
glands at base of leaflet, ± brown puberulous, glabrous when
old, narrowly winged; leaflet blades 10–17(–19) pairs, at in- Shrubs or small trees, 2.7–5 m tall. Young branches dark
tervals of 5–8 mm, pale abaxially, dark green adaxially, linear- gray to grayish brown, terete, rusty pubescent when young,
oblong, 0.7–1.5(–2) cm × 4–8 mm, both surfaces glabrous, or glabrescent, with few small lenticels; buds ovoid, 5–8 mm,
abaxially with brown hairs only along midvein when young, apex acute and slightly pubescent; scales several, dark brown.
base obliquely rounded, margin sparsely sharply serrate, apex Leaves imparipinnate, together with rachis 6–10 cm; petiole ca.
obtuse or acute. Compound corymbs terminal, 2–4(–6) cm, lax- 1 cm; stipules lanceolate to semiorbicular, 3–5 mm, somewhat
ly flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous, rarely brown pu- herbaceous, margin coarsely serrate; rachis abaxially pubescent,
berulous; bracts narrowly lanceolate, smaller than stipules, sub- narrowly winged, adaxially grooved; leaflet blades 8–14(–17)-
membranous. Pedicel 6–9 mm. Flowers 7–10 mm in diam. Hy- paired, at intervals of 5–9 mm, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or
panthium dark purplish black, broadly campanulate, 2–3 mm, lanceolate, (0.8–)1–2 cm × (3–)6–10 mm, lateral veins 6–
glabrous. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2 mm, apex acute, rarely ± ob- 8(–10) pairs, abaxially densely pubescent along midvein when
tuse. Petals pink, suborbicular, 3–4 mm, glabrous, base shortly young, subglabrous when old, adaxially sparsely pubescent,
clawed. Stamens ca. 20, slightly shorter than petals; filaments base broadly cuneate or rounded, with 6–10 minute sharp teeth
rose; anthers nearly purplish black. Styles 5, ca. as long as per side, entire basally, apex acute or obtuse. Inflorescences
stamens, pubescent basally. Fruit white or flushed pink or crim- corymbose or compound-corymbose, 2.5–4(–5) cm, 3–8(or
son, globose or ovoid, 8–10(–12) mm in diam., glabrous, with- more)-flowered; rachis and pedicels pubescent; bracts lanceo-
out lenticels, with persistent erect sepals; seeds blackish, ob- late or linear, 3–4 mm, margin slightly serrate. Pedicel 3–5 mm.
long-ovoid, 3–4 mm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. Flowers 6–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially
Forests or shrubby thickets in valleys or along river banks; 3000–
glabrous. Sepals triangular, apex obtuse, rarely acute. Petals
4000 m. E Xizang (Gongbo’gyamda Xian), NW Yunnan [Afghanistan, pink, broadly ovate, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, glabrous. Stamens 20,
Bhutan, NE India, N Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sikkim]. shorter than petals. Styles 3 or 4(or 5), ca. as long as stamens,
pilose basally. Fruit red, ovoid-globose, 8–10 mm in diam.,
This taxon is probably an aggregate of apomictic microspecies
derived partly from Sorbus rufopilosa and, in China, partly from hy- with persistent erect sepals. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34.
brids and back-crosses between the apomictic, tetraploid S. filipes and Coniferous or mixed forests, thickets in valleys; 2700–4000 m.
the diploid S. rehderiana and S. monbeigii. Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, N Myanmar, Nepal,
32. Sorbus lanpingensis L. T. Lu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 9(2): Sikkim].
51. 1989. 1a. Leaflet blades elliptic or narrowly
兰坪花楸 lan ping hua qiu so, 1–2 cm × 6–10 mm; branchlets,
leaflet blades, and inflorescences
Shrubs small, to 1.5 m tall. Branchlets gray or grayish rust-red hairy ........................................ 33a. var. rufopilosa
brown, glabrous when old, with few oblong lenticels; buds 1b. Leaflet blades lanceolate, 0.8–1.2 cm
ovoid to oblong-ovoid, apex acute or obtuse; scales several, × 3–5 mm, branchlets, leaflet blades,
brown, rusty pubescent. Leaves imparipinnate, together with and inflorescences ± gray woolly
rachis 4–7 cm; petiole 6–11 mm; stipules lanceolate or linear, hairy ................................................... 33b. var. stenophylla
 ROSACEAE

33a. Sorbus rufopilosa var. rufopilosa mm, membranous, margin entire or lobed; rachis adaxially sul-
cate, glabrous, slightly winged; leaflets 12–17 pairs, terminal
红毛花楸(原变种) hong mao hua qiu (yuan bian zhong)
ones smaller, at intervals of 4–6 mm, pale abaxially, dark green
Branchlets, leaflet blades, and inflorescences rust-red adaxially, narrowly oblong, 0.7–1.6 cm × 4–7 mm, both sur-
hairy. Leaflet blades elliptic or narrowly so, 1–2 cm × 6–10 faces glabrous, base usually obliquely rounded, apex obtuse or
mm. acute. Compound corymbs terminal on lateral branchlets, 3.5–5
× 2.5–4 cm, 10–25- or more flowered; rachis and pedicels
Coniferous or mixed forests, thickets in valleys; 2700–4000 m.
glabrous, with small oblong lenticels; bracts lanceolate or line-
Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, N Myanmar, Nepal,
Sikkim]. ar-lanceolate, 3–5 mm, margin entire or sometimes lobed. Ped-
icel 1–3 mm. Flowers 7–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campan-
33b. Sorbus rufopilosa var. stenophylla Koehne, Repert. Spec. ulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular, 1–2 mm, apex acute
Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 517. 1912. or ± obtuse. Petals white, oblong-ovate, 3–4 × 2.5–3 mm,
adaxially puberulous or glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex ob-
狭叶花楸 xia ye hua qiu
tuse. Stamens 20, shorter than petals. Styles 3–5, nearly as long
Branchlets, leaflet blades, and inflorescences ± gray wool- as stamens, glabrous. Fruit white or slightly stained purplish,
ly hairy. Leaflet blades lanceolate, 0.8–1.2 cm × 3–5 mm. globose, 5–8 mm in diam., with persistent erect sepals. Fl.
May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*.
Mixed forests in mountain regions; 2700–3700 m. SE Xizang, NE
Yunnan [N Myanmar]. ● Stony slopes, mixed forests; 2300–3000 m. Guizhou, Sichuan.
34. Sorbus albopilosa T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36. Sorbus multijuga Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 472.
18: 495. 1980. 1913.
白毛花楸 bai mao hua qiu 多对花楸 duo dui hua qiu
Shrubs or small trees, (2–)5–8 m tall. Branchlets purplish Sorbus multijuga var. microdenta Koehne.
brown, terete, initially grayish white pilose, glabrous when old,
Shrubs or small trees, 2.5–5(–7) m tall. Branchlets reddish
with few lenticels; buds oblong-ovoid, apex acute; scales few,
brown when young, gray or blackish gray when old, terete,
brown, brown pilose. Leaves imparipinnate, together with ra-
puberulous when young, glabrous when old, with small oblong
chis 7–10 cm; petiole 1–2 cm; stipules lanceolate, 4–5 mm,
lenticels; buds narrowly ovoid, 5–7 mm, puberulous or gla-
margin entire, subherbaceous; rachis abaxially grooved, nar-
brous, apex shortly acuminate; scales dark purplish red. Leaves
rowly winged, gray white pilose when young, glabrescent; leaf-
imparipinnate, together with rachis 8–13 cm; petiole 1–2 cm;
let blades (9–)12–17-paired, at intervals of 5–8 mm, oblong or
stipules lanceolate, 5–7 mm, herbaceous, rarely submem-
ovate-oblong, 1–2 cm × 4–6 mm, both surfaces white pilose
branous, margin incised-serrate, apex acuminate; rachis pu-
when young, glabrescent, base broadly cuneate or subrounded,
berulous abaxially, glabrescent, somewhat winged, adaxially
with 5–10 teeth per side, entire basally, apex acute. Compound grooved; leaflet blades 17–21-paired, at intervals of 5–10 mm,
corymbs many flowered; rachis and pedicels white pilose; grayish green abaxially, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1–2.5 ×
bracts linear or lanceolate, 3–4 mm, margin entire. Pedicel 4–7 0.5–1 cm, lateral veins 8–10 pairs, abaxially pilose only along
mm. Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abax- midvein, adaxially glabrous, base obliquely rounded, margin
ially white pilose. Sepals triangular, apex acute. Petals pink to with 6–16 minute sharp teeth per side, entire near base, apex
reddish purple, suborbicular, 3–4 mm in diam., glabrous, base acute or ± obtuse. Compound corymbs terminal, 5–9 × 3–7 cm,
shortly clawed. Stamens ca. 20, somewhat shorter than petals. 10–30-flowered; rachis and pedicels initially sparsely pilose,
Styles 3–5, nearly as long as stamens, base pubescent; stigma glabrescent or subglabrous when mature; bracts lanceolate.
pubescent. Fruit red, ovoid-globose, 6–8 mm in diam., with per- Pedicels 2–4 mm. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam. Hypanthium cam-
sistent erect sepals. Fr. Aug. panulate, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Sepals ovate, gla-
● Coniferous forests on slopes, cut-over lands; 3300–4100 m. S brous, apex acute or ± obtuse. Petals white, ovate, 4–4.5 × 3–4
Xizang. mm, adaxially puberulous or subglabrous, base shortly clawed,
apex obtuse. Stamens 15–20, slightly shorter than petals. Styles
35. Sorbus setschwanensis (C. K. Schneider) Koehne in Sar-
3–5, basally connate, nearly as long as stamens, glabrous. Fruit
gent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 475. 1913.
white, globose, 6–7 mm in diam., with persistent erect sepals.
四川花楸 si chuan hua qiu Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
Sorbus vilmorinii C. K. Schneider var. setschwanensis C. ● Mixed forests in mountain regions, rocky slopes; 2300–3000 m.
K. Schneider, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 6: 318. 1906. W Sichuan, NE Yunnan (Yongshan Xian).

Shrubs 2–5 m tall. Branchlets brownish gray to blackish 37. Sorbus megalocarpa Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2:
gray, terete, glabrous, with inconspicuous small lenticels; buds 266. 1915.
narrowly ovoid, 5–7 mm, apex acute or shortly acuminate; 大果花楸 da guo hua qiu
scales several, dark reddish brown, reddish brown pubescent.
Leaves imparipinnate, together with rachis 5–13 cm; petiole Shrubs or small trees, 5–8 m tall. Branchlets dark purple
0.8–1.5(–2.5) cm; stipules ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 4–6 when young, purplish brown to blackish brown when old,
 ROSACEAE

slightly cottony-hairy when young, glabrous when old, with Trees ca. 6 m tall. Branchlets yellowish brown when
conspicuous grayish white oblong lenticels; buds ovoid, (0.8–) young, blackish brown when old, terete, usually glabrous; buds
1–1.5(–2) cm, apex ± obtuse; scales brown, suborbicular or brownish, ovoid-globose, 6–8 mm, apex acute; scales several,
broadly ovate, glabrous. Leaves simple; petiole to 1.8 cm, gla- brown, broadly ovate, subglabrous. Leaves simple; petiole 6–10
brous; leaf blade grayish green abaxially, light green adaxially, mm; leaf blade pale green abaxially, dark green adaxially, nar-
elliptic-obovate or obovate-elliptic, 10–18 × 5–9 cm, lateral rowly elliptic or obovately narrowly elliptic, 9–20 × 4–8.5 cm,
veins 14–20 pairs, nearly parallel and terminating in marginal lateral veins 12–14 pairs, raised abaxially, both surfaces usually
teeth, raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely lanuginose at vein axils abaxially, base
glabrous or abaxially cottony-hairy in vein axils, base cuneate cuneate, margin crenulate, apex shortly acuminate. Compound
to subrounded, margin crenate-serrate or lobed, apex acumi- corymbs terminal, 7–8 × 8–9 cm in fruit; rachis and pedicels
nate. Compound corymbs terminal on branchlets, 4–7 × 9–13 sparsely pubescent when young, with conspicuous lenticels
cm, many flowered; rachis and pedicels cottony-hairy, subgla- when mature. Pedicel 6–10 mm. Hypanthium campanulate,
brous when old, with conspicuous lenticels. Pedicel 5–8 mm. abaxially initially lanuginose, glabrescent. Sepals triangular, 1–
Flowers 5–8 mm. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially tomen- 2 × 1–1.5 mm, apex acute or ± obtuse. Stamens ca. 20. Fruit
tose. Sepals triangular, ca. 2 mm and ca. as broad, apex acute. brownish when young, oblong or obovoid-oblong, 1.5–2 × 1–
Petals broadly ovate or suborbicular, ca. 3 mm and ca. as broad, 1.5 cm. Fr. Aug–Sep.
apex obtuse. Stamens 20, ca. 3.5 mm. Styles 3 or 4, connate at
base, ca. as long as stamens, glabrous. Fruit dark reddish ● Slopes, thickets. Sichuan (Guan Xian).
brown, ovoid, ovoid-globose, or subglobose, (1.5–)2–3 × (1–) 39. Sorbus arguta T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 223. 1963.
1.5–2 mm, 3- or 4-loculed, with dense rusty lenticels, with
persistent revolute sepals; seeds brown, obovoid, compressed, 锐齿花楸 rui chi hua qiu
4–6 mm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–Aug. Aria yuarguta H. Ohashi & Iketani.
● Mountain valleys, river sides, stream sides, rocky forests on
slopes, cliffs; 1200–2700 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Si- Trees small, 4–5 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown when
chuan, N Yunnan. young, dark gray or black grayish brown when old, sparsely
pubescent when young, glabrous when old; buds ovoid, 5–8
1a. Leaf petiole 1–1.8 cm, blade cuneate mm, apex acute; scales several, brownish, glabrous. Leaves
to subrounded at base; fruit ovoid or simple; petiole ca. 1 cm, glabrous when mature; leaf blade pale
ovoid-globose, 1.5–2 cm in
green abaxially, dark green adaxially, oblong-ovate or ovate-
diam. ................................................ 37a. var. megalocarpa
lanceolate, 6–10 × 2.5–4 cm, lateral veins 13–18 pairs, nearly
1b. Leaf petiole less than 1 cm, blade
parallel and terminating in marginal teeth, distinctly raised
cuneate at base; fruit subglobose,
abaxially and impressed adaxially, abaxially usually with few
1–1.5 cm in diam. ................................... 37b. var. cuneata
tomentose hairs in axils of veins, adaxially puberulent when
37a. Sorbus megalocarpa var. megalocarpa young, glabrous when old, base broadly cuneate to subrounded,
margin sharply incised doubly serrate or lobed, apex acuminate.
大果花楸(原变种) da guo hua qiu (yuan bian zhong)
Compound corymbs terminal, 3–4 × 2–4 cm in fruit, few flow-
Aria megalocarpa (Rehder) H. Ohashi & Iketani; Pyrus ered; rachis and pedicels sparsely pubescent, glabrous when
megalocarpa (Rehder) Bean. old, with sparse, inconspicuous lenticels. Flowers not seen.
Leaf petiole 1–1.8 cm; blade cuneate to subrounded at Fruit reddish brown, nearly globose, 1–1.2 cm in diam., 4-
base. Fruit ovoid or ovoid-globose, 1.5–2 cm in diam. loculed, with many small white lenticels; sepals persistent, tri-
angular, ca. 2 mm, puberulent, apex ± acute; fruiting pedicels
● Mountain valleys, river sides, rocky forests on slopes, cliffs; 7–8 mm. Fr. Aug–Sep.
1200–2700 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, W Sichuan, N Yun-
nan. ● Mixed forests on slope; 1000–1300 m. S Sichuan, Yunnan.
37b. Sorbus megalocarpa var. cuneata Rehder in Sargent, Pl. 40. Sorbus yunnanensis L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 279.
Wilson. 2: 267. 1915. 2000.
楔叶大果花楸 xie ye da guo hua qiu 枥叶花楸 li ye hua qiu
Aria megalocarpa var. cuneata (Rehder) H. Ohashi & Ike- Sorbus carpinifolia T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax.
tani. Sin. 23: 215. 1985, not Hedlund (1901); Aria carpinifolia H.
Leaf petiole less than 1 cm; blade cuneate at base. Fruit Ohashi & Iketani.
subglobose, 1–1.5 cm in diam. Shrubs 3.5–8 m tall. Shoots purplish brown when young,
● Rocky forests on slopes, stream sides; 1300–2700 m. Guizhou, grayish brown when old, terete, glabrous when old, sparsely
Sichuan. lenticellate; buds narrowly ovoid, 7–10 mm, apex acute; scales
brown, broadly ovate, glabrous. Leaves simple; petiole 1–1.5
38. Sorbus guanxianensis T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin
10(3): 22. 1990. cm, abaxially sometimes tomentose-pilose, gradually glabre-
scent, adaxially glabrous; leaf blade pale green abaxially, dark
灌县花楸 guan xian hua qiu green adaxially, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 5–8 × 2–3.5 cm,
 ROSACEAE

lateral veins 7–11 pairs, nearly parallel and terminating in mar- acuminate. Compound corymbs terminal on elongated shoots,
ginal teeth, raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, both sur- to 20 cm in diam., many flowered; rachis and pedicels purplish
faces glabrous or slightly tomentose near base adaxially or at brown, tomentose when young, glabrate. Fruit cherry-red, ob-
vein axils abaxially, base cuneate, margin irregularly serrate, long or obovoid-oblong, 1–1.6 cm × 6–13 mm, sparsely tomen-
apex acute or shortly acuminate. Compound corymbs terminal, tose especially at base and apex, with few scattered lenticels, 2-
few flowered; fruiting rachis and pedicels tomentose when loculed, with persistent remains of hypanthium and stamens,
young, glabrescent, with grayish white elliptic lenticels. Flow- with densely pubescent base of style; seeds obovate, ca. 7 × 4
ers not seen. Fruit reddish brown, subglobose, (0.8–)1–1.2 cm mm, testa dark reddish brown. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep.
in diam., 2-loculed, glabrous, with few small lenticels; sepals
● Steep ravine slopes; above 2000 m. W Hubei, Sichuan.
persistent, erect or slightly spreading, triangular or triangular-
ovate, tomentose. Fr. Sep–Oct. This is a rare tree.

● Forests; 1000–1800 m. SE Yunnan (Malipo Xian, Xichou 43. Sorbus thibetica (Cardot) Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7:
Xian). 467. 1933.
41. Sorbus zahlbruckneri C. K. Schneider, Bull. Herb. 康藏花楸 kang zang hua qiu
Boissier, sér. 2, 6: 318. 1906.
Pyrus thibetica Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 349. 1918;
长果花楸 chang guo hua qiu Aria thibetica (Cardot) H. Ohashi & Iketani; Sorbus atrosan-
guinea T. T. Yu & H. T. Tsai; S. wardii Merrill.
Aria hunanica (C. J. Qi) H. Ohashi & Iketani; A. zahl-
bruckneri (C. K. Schneider) H. Ohashi & Iketani; Sorbus hu- Trees, rarely shrubs, ca. 7(–10) m tall or more. Branchlets
nanica C. J. Qi. brown to grayish brown, white tomentose when young, grad-
ually glabrescent, with few gray orbicular small lenticels; buds
Trees or shrubs, to 15 m tall. Branchlets dark reddish ovoid, 5–9 mm, apex acute to acuminate; scales imbricate, sev-
brown to blackish brown, sparsely white tomentose when eral, dark reddish brown, glabrous or sparsely pubescent apical-
young, glabrescent, with few elliptic lenticels; buds ovoid or ly. Leaves simple; petiole 3–10 mm, initially grayish white to-
narrowly ovoid, 6–10 mm; scales several, dark reddish brown, mentose, subglabrous when mature; leaf blade dark green
glabrous or apically sparsely tomentose. Leaves simple; petiole adaxially, broadly elliptic, elliptic-ovate, or elliptic-obovate, 9–
2–3 cm, white tomentose; leaf blade narrowly elliptic or ob- 15 × 4–9 cm, lateral veins (10–)13–16 pairs, nearly parallel and
long-ovate, 9–14 × 5–9 cm, lateral veins 10–14 pairs, nearly terminating in marginal teeth, prominent abaxially, abaxially
parallel and terminating in marginal teeth, raised abaxially, gray tomentose, subglabrous when old, adaxially glabrous, base
abaxially grayish white tomentose, gradually glabrescent, adax- cuneate, rarely to subrounded, margin irregularly doubly ser-
ially pubescent, glabrate, base rounded or broadly cuneate, mar- rate, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Compound corymbs ter-
gin irregularly serrate or shallowly doubly serrate, apex acute. minal, 3–6 × 4–8 cm, 20–30-flowered or more; rachis and pedi-
Compound corymbs terminal, 5–8 × 4–6 cm, many flowered; cels grayish white tomentose, glabrescent. Pedicel 5–9 mm.
rachis and pedicels white tomentose when young, glabrate, with Flowers (0.8–)1–1.6 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate,
sparse, small lenticels. Fruit narrowly ovoid to oblong, 6–10 × abaxially grayish white tomentose. Sepals triangular-lanceolate,
4–7 mm, white tomentose, 2-loculed; sepals persistent. Fr. Jul– 2–4 mm, apex acuminate. Petals white, spatulate, ovate, or obo-
Aug. vate, 5–8 × 3.5–5 mm, adaxially grayish white tomentose near
● Slopes, mountain valleys, dense forests; 1300–2000 m. apex, apex obtuse. Stamens 15–20, shorter than petals. Styles 2,
Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan. rarely 3 or 4, free or slightly connate at base, slightly longer
than or nearly as long as stamens. Fruit scarlet, ovoid or obo-
42. Sorbus yuana Spongberg, J. Arnold Arbor. 67: 257. 1986. void, 0.9–1.2(–1.5) cm × 7–11(–13) mm, with 2, rarely 3 or 4
神农架花楸 shen nong jia hua qiu locules, sparsely small lenticellate; sepals persistent; seeds dark
brown, obovoid or triangular-lanceolate, 6–8 mm, compressed.
Aria yuana (Spongberg) H. Ohashi & Iketani. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct.
Trees small to medium-sized, to ca. 15 m tall. Branchlets Dense forests on slopes or in valleys, rocky slopes, stream banks,
reddish brown when young, purplish or grayish black when old, shrubby thickets; 2400–3800 m. SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, N
terete, sparsely white tomentose when young, glabrate, with Myanmar].
small elongated or rounded lenticels; buds ovoid, 0.9–1.2 cm ×
44. Sorbus pallescens Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 266.
4–6 mm; scales chestnut-brown, glabrous except with scattered
1915.
white hairs along margin. Leaves simple; petiole 1.5–2.7 cm,
pubescent when young, later subglabrous; leaf blade pale green 灰叶花楸 hui ye hua qiu
abaxially, dark green adaxially, elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 6–13
Aria pallescens (Rehder) H. Ohashi & Iketani; Sorbus och-
× 3.5–9.5 cm, lateral veins 11–13 pairs, nearly parallel and ter-
rocarpa Rehder.
minating in marginal teeth, prominent abaxially and impressed
adaxially, abaxially persistently grayish white tomentose, adax- Trees to 7 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown or purplish
ially glabrous when old, base cuneate or rounded to subcordate, brown when young, dark grayish brown when old, terete,
margin deeply regularly doubly serrate, apex acute to shortly sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, with few
 ROSACEAE

scattered prominent lenticels; buds ovoid or narrowly ovoid, 6– Forests on slopes, forest margins; 2000–3500 m. Xizang [?Bhu-
9 mm, apex acute to shortly acuminate; scales several, dark tan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim].
reddish brown, glabrous. Leaves simple; petiole 5–12 mm, Records for Bhutan probably refer to Sorbus thibetica (Fl. Bhutan
sparsely tomentulose or subglabrous; leaf blade elliptic, elliptic- 1(3): 595. 1987).
obovate, or ovate, 5–10 × 2–5 cm, lateral veins 10–14 pairs, 46. Sorbus hemsleyi (C. K. Schneider) Rehder in Sargent, Pl.
nearly parallel and terminating in marginal teeth, slightly raised Wilson. 2: 276. 1915.
abaxially and impressed adaxially, both surfaces tomentose
when young, abaxially persistently tomentose intermixed with 江南花楸 jiang nan hua qiu
soft hairs along midvein and lateral veins, adaxially glabrate, Micromeles hemsleyi C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb. Lau-
base cuneate to rounded, margin irregularly doubly serrate, bholzk. 1: 704. 1906; Aria hemsleyi (C. K. Schneider) H. Oha-
apex acute to shortly acuminate. Compound corymbs terminal, shi & Iketani; A. xanthoneura (Rehder) H. Ohashi & Iketani; M.
1.5–3.5 × 4–4.5 cm, 10–20(–25)-flowered; rachis and pedicels schwerinii C. K. Schneider; Pyrus xanthoneura (Rehder)
yellowish white tomentose, glabrate. Pedicel 3–4 mm. Flowers Cardot; Sorbus henryi Rehder; S. xanthoneura Rehder.
0.9–1.2 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially dense-
ly yellowish white tomentose. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2 mm, Trees or shrubs, 7–10 m tall. Branchlets dark reddish
apex acute. Petals white, ovate or triangular-ovate, rarely obo- brown when young, brown when old, terete, glabrous, pro-
vate, ca. 4 × 3 mm, adaxially yellowish white tomentose, apex minently lenticellate; buds ovoid or narrowly ovoid, apex acute;
obtuse or emarginate. Stamens 20, shorter than or nearly as scales several, dark red, glabrous. Leaves simple; petiole 1–2
cm, slightly tomentulose when young, later glabrous; leaf blade
long as petals. Styles 2–4(or 5), shorter than or nearly as long as
dark green adaxially, ovate to narrowly elliptic-ovate, rarely
stamens, basally connate and yellowish white tomentose. Fruit
narrowly elliptic-obovate, 5–11(–15) × 2.5–5.5(–8) cm, lateral
white, stained red, subglobose, 6–8(–10) mm in diam., sparsely
veins 12–14 pairs, nearly parallel and terminating in marginal
gray tomentose at base and apex when young, with or without
teeth, raised abaxially, abaxially grayish white tomentose, gla-
few small lenticels, 2–4(or 5)-loculed, hypanthium persistent; brous only along midvein and lateral veins, adaxially glabrous,
seeds brown, obovoid, 3–4 mm, compressed. Fl. May–Jun, fr. base cuneate, rarely subrounded, margin serrulate and some-
Aug–Sep. what recurved, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Compound
● Mixed forests on slopes, forest margins, thickets, stream sides; corymbs terminal, 3–4 × 3.5–5 cm, (15–)20–30-flowered;
2000–3300 m. W Sichuan, S Xizang, NW Yunnan. rachis and pedicels grayish white tomentose. Pedicel 5–12 mm.
Flowers 1–1.2 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially
45. Sorbus cuspidata (Spach) Hedlund, Kongl. Svenska Ve- densely grayish white tomentose. Sepals triangular-ovate, 1.5–
tenskapsakad. Handl. 35: 89. 1901. 2.5 mm, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Petals pale green,
白叶花楸 bai ye hua qiu broadly ovate to oblong, 3–5 × 2–3(–4) mm, adaxially tomen-
tulose, apex obtuse or somewhat emarginate. Stamens 20, un-
Crataegus cuspidata Spach, Hist. Veg. Phan. 2: 106. 1834; equal in length, long ones ca. as long as petals. Styles 2 or 3,
Pyrus crenata Lindley (1835), not D. Don (1825); P. vestita not exceeding stamens, basally connate and grayish white to-
Wallich ex J. D. Hooker. mentose. Fruit russet, subglobose, 5–8 mm in diam., with dis-
Shrubs 7–8 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown when young, tinct small brownish lenticels; sepals persistent. Fl. May–Jun,
fr. Jul–Sep.
grayish brown when old, grayish white tomentose when young,
glabrous when old; buds ovoid, 0.7–1.4 cm, glabrous, apex ● Dry forests on slopes, evergreen broad-leaved forests; 900–3200
acute; scales imbricate, several, brown. Leaves simple; petiole m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, ?Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hu-
1–2.5 cm, stout, white tomentose; stipules brownish, lanceolate, nan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
0.8–1.2 cm, membranous, tomentulose; leaf blade elliptic, 12– One of us (Spongberg) believes that Sorbus henryi (Micromeles
22 × 7–12 cm, lateral veins 10–15 pairs, nearly parallel and schwerinii) is distinct from S. hemsleyi and should be recognized.
terminating in marginal teeth, abaxially densely white tomen- 47. Sorbus coronata (Cardot) T. T. Yu & H. T. Tsai, Bull. Fan
tose, adaxially puberulent when young, glabrate, base rounded Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. Ser., 7: 120. 1936.
or broadly cuneate, margin unevenly serrate or doubly serrate,
sometimes ± lobed, apex acute or ± obtuse, rarely shortly acu- 冠萼花楸 guan e hua qiu
minate. Compound corymbs 5–8 × (5–)7–10 cm, 30–45-flower- Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets brown or purplish brown,
ed; rachis and pedicels initially white tomentose, glabrescent. terete, initially densely tomentose, gradually glabrescent, with
Pedicel 5–8 mm. Flowers 7–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium cam- many grayish white lenticels; buds narrowly ovoid, 5–8 mm,
panulate, abaxially white pubescent except at base. Sepals tri- apex acute to shortly acuminate; scales several, reddish brown.
angular or lanceolate, 2.5–3 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acute. Petals Leaves simple; petiole (0.5–)1–2 cm, sparsely tomentose or
white, obovate, 6–8 × 4–6 mm, adaxially puberulent, base subglabrous; leaf blade dark green adaxially, oblong-elliptic or
shortly clawed. Stamens 20–25, slightly shorter than petals; an- oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 7–13 × 4–6 cm, lateral veins
thers purple. Styles 3–5, basally connate and tomentose. Fruit (9–)12–16 pairs, nearly parallel and terminating in marginal
dark red, globose, 1.5–2 cm in diam., 3–5-loculed, with many teeth, distinctly raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, abaxi-
conspicuous lenticels; sepals persistent; seeds brown, lanceo- ally densely gray tomentose, sometimes glabrescent, midvein
late, compressed, 7–8 × 3–4 mm. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. and lateral veins initially tomentose, glabrate, adaxially gla-
 ROSACEAE

brous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin unevenly mi- Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets dark reddish brown when
nutely serrate to doubly serrate, apex acuminate. Compound young, dark grayish brown when old, terete, puberulent when
corymbs terminal, 3–4 × 4–5 cm, 20–30-flowered; rachis and young, glabrous when old, with white lenticels; buds ovoid, 4–7
pedicels densely grayish white tomentose, sometimes glabre- mm, apex acute; scales several, dark reddish brown, glabrous.
scent. Pedicel 3–5 mm. Flowers 8–11 mm in diam. Hypanthium Leaves simple; petiole 1.5–3 cm, glabrous or slightly puberu-
campanulate, abaxially grayish white tomentose. Sepals ovate- lent; leaf blade ovate to elliptic-ovate or suborbicular, 5–10 ×
triangular, ca. 2 mm, apex acute. Petals white, obovate or sub- 3–6 cm, lateral veins 6–10(–14) pairs, nearly parallel and termi-
orbicular, 3–4 mm, adaxially tomentulose, apex obtuse. Sta- nating in marginal teeth, raised abaxially, both surfaces gla-
mens ca. 20, nearly as long as petals. Styles 2 or 3, not exceed- brous or abaxially puberulent along veins, base broadly cuneate
ing stamens, glabrous or puberulent, connate at base. Fruit red, to rounded, margin irregularly sharply doubly serrate or lobed,
subglobose, 8–10 mm in diam., initially tomentulose, 2- or 3- apex shortly acuminate. Compound corymbs terminal, 4–8 cm
loculed, lenticellate; sepals persistent; seeds brown, ovoid or in diam., loosely 6–25-flowered; rachis and pedicels sparsely
subglobose, compressed. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep. pubescent. Pedicel 6–12 mm. Flowers 1–1.4(–1.8) cm in diam.
Mixed forests in ravines, forests on slopes, river banks, mountain Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular
regions; 1800–3200 m. W Guizhou, Xizang, N Yunnan [N Myanmar]. or triangular-ovate, apex acute. Petals white, suborbicular to ob-
long-ovate, 5–7 × 3.5–6 mm, base clawed, apex obtuse. Sta-
1a. Petiole 0.5–1 cm; leaf blade abaxially mens 20; filaments white, slightly shorter than petals. Ovary 2-
and pedicel glabrescent ..................... 47c. var. glabrescens loculed; styles 2, not exceeding stamens, glabrous, connate ba-
1b. Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade abaxially sally. Fruit red, oblong, ovoid-oblong, or globose, 1–1.4 cm ×
and pedicel persistently pubescent. 7–10 mm, without or with few minute lenticels, sepals cadu-
2a. Leaf blade oblong-elliptic or cous, leaving a small annular scar; seeds pale brownish orange,
oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate;
linear-oblong. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep.
lateral veins 12–16 pairs ............... 47a. var. coronata
2b. Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate; Slopes, gullies, mixed forests, thickets; 500–2300 m. Anhui, Fu-
lateral veins 9 or 10 pairs ......... 47b. var. ambrozyana jian, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiang-
xi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhe-
47a. Sorbus coronata var. coronata jiang [Japan, Korea].
冠萼花楸(原变种) guan e hua qiu (yuan bian zhong) 1a. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic-ovate, margin
Pyrus coronata Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 348. 1918; usually not lobed, irregularly doubly
serrate; fruit oblong or ovoid-oblong,
Aria coronata (Cardot) H. Ohashi & Iketani.
rarely subglobose .................................... 48a. var. alnifolia
Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade oblong-elliptic or oblong-ovate 1b. Leaf blade orbicular-ovate, or suborbicular,
to ovate-lanceolate, abaxial surface and pedicels usually persis- margin usually lobed, doubly serrate;
tently pubescent; lateral veins 12–16 pairs. fruit ovoid-oblong or globose.
Mixed forests in ravines, coniferous forests on slopes, river banks; 2a. Fruit ovoid-oblong, rarely
1800–3200 m. W Guizhou, Xizang, N Yunnan [N Myanmar]. subglobose ...................................... 48b. var. lobulata
2b. Fruit globose, 5-sulcate, impressed
47b. Sorbus coronata var. ambrozyana (C. K. Schneider) L.
at both ends ................................... 48c. var. angulata
T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 280. 2000.
48a. Sorbus alnifolia var. alnifolia
少脉冠萼花楸 shao mai guan e hua qiu
Sorbus ambrozyana C. K. Schneider, Bot. Gaz. 63. 401. 水榆花楸(原变种) shui yu hua qiu (yuan bian zhong)
1917. Crataegus alnifolia Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-
Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, abaxial sur- Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(2): 130. 1845; Aria
face and pedicels usually persistently pubescent; lateral veins 9 alnifolia (Siebold & Zuccarini) Decaisne; Micromeles alnifolia
or 10 pairs. (Siebold & Zuccarini) Koehne; Pyrus alnifolia (Siebold & Zuc-
carini) Franchet & Savatier.
● Mountain regions; 3000–3200 m. NW Yunnan (Lijiang Xian).
47c. Sorbus coronata var. glabrescens T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Leaf blade ovate to elliptic-ovate, margin usually not
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 494. 1980. lobed, irregularly sharply doubly serrate. Fruit oblong or ovoid-
oblong, rarely subglobose.
脱毛冠萼花楸 tuo mao guan e hua qiu
Slopes, gullies, mixed forests, thickets; 500–2300 m. Anhui, Fu-
Petiole 0.5–1 cm; leaf blade abaxially and pedicels usually jian, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin,
glabrescent, becoming glabrous or subglabrous. Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Ja-
● Forests on slopes; below 2800 m. SE Xizang (Mêdog Xian). pan, Korea].

48. Sorbus alnifolia (Siebold & Zuccarini) K. Koch, Ann. 48b. Sorbus alnifolia var. lobulata Rehder in Sargent, Pl.
Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 249. 1864. Wilson. 2: 275. 1915.

水榆花楸 shui yu hua qiu 裂叶水榆花楸 lie ye shui yu hua qiu

 ROSACEAE

Leaf blade orbicular-ovate or suborbicular, margin usually Aria caloneura var. kwangtungensis (T. T. Yu) H. Ohashi
lobed, doubly serrate. Fruit ovoid-oblong, rarely subglobose. & Iketani.
Slopes, mixed forests; 700–900 m. Liaoning, Shandong [Korea]. Petiole to 3 cm; lateral veins 8–10 pairs.
48c. Sorbus alnifolia var. angulata S. B. Liang, Bull. Bot. ● N Guangdong (Lechang Xian).
Res., Harbin 10(3): 69. 1990.
50. Sorbus rhamnoides (Decaisne) Rehder in Sargent, Pl.
棱果花楸 leng guo hua qiu Wilson. 2: 278. 1915.

Leaf blade suborbicular, margin often lobed, doubly ser- 鼠李叶花楸 shu li ye hua qiu
rate. Fruit globose, 5-sulcate, impressed on both ends. Micromeles rhamnoides Decaisne, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist.
● Slopes; ca. 600 m. NC Shandong (Zibo Shi). Nat. 10: 169. 1874; Aria rhamnoides (Decaisne) H. Ohashi &
Iketani; Pyrus rhamnoides (Decaisne) J. D. Hooker; Sorbus
49. Sorbus caloneura (Stapf) Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: paniculata T. T. Yu & H. T. Tsai.
269. 1915.
Trees to 12 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown to dark gray,
美脉花楸 mei mai hua qiu terete, initially white tomentose, glabrescent, with ellipsoid or
Trees or shrubs, 10–12 m tall. Branchlets dark reddish oblong lenticels; buds narrowly ovoid or ovoid, 5–8 mm, apex
brown, terete, glabrous, with few inconspicuous lenticels; buds acute; scales reddish brown or dark brown, glabrous. Leaves
ovoid to narrowly ovoid, 6–10 mm, apex acute; scales several, simple; petiole 1–2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-elliptic or
brown, glabrous. Leaves simple; petiole 1–2(–3) cm, initially oblong-elliptic, rarely oblong-obovate, 10–17 × (3–)5–8 cm,
puberulent, glabrate; leaf blade grayish green abaxially, nar- lateral veins (9–)12–17 pairs, nearly parallel and terminating in
rowly elliptic or narrowly ovate to obovate-elliptic, 7–12 × 3–7 marginal teeth, raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, white
cm, lateral veins (8–)10–12(–18) pairs, nearly parallel and ter- tomentose when young, both surfaces glabrous or abaxially
sparsely tomentose along veins when old, base broadly cune-
minating in marginal teeth, abaxially puberulent along veins,
ate to rounded, margin serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences
adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin
compound corymbose, 4–7 × 5–8 cm, many flowered; rachis
obtusely crenate, apex acuminate, rarely acute. Inflorescences
and pedicels white tomentose when young, glabrous or subgla-
compound-corymbose, 3.5–5 × 4–6 cm, many flowered; rachis
brous in fruit, with conspicuously elliptic lenticels. Pedicel 2–4
and pedicels sparsely brownish yellow pubescent. Pedicel 5–8
mm. Flowers 7–9 mm in diam. Hypanthium initially tomentose,
mm. Flowers 6–10 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate,
glabrescent. Sepals triangular, apex acute or ± obtuse. Petals
abaxially puberulous. Sepals triangular-ovate, 1.5–2.5 mm,
white, broadly oblong, 2.5–3.5 mm, glabrous, base clawed. Sta-
apex ± obtuse or acute. Petals white, broadly ovate to obovate,
mens 20, slightly shorter than or ca. as long as petals. Styles 2
3–5 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens 20; anthers purple, shorter than
or 3, glabrous, connate basally or free. Fruit globose or ovoid-
petals. Styles 4 or 5, not exceeding stamens, glabrous, connate
globose, 6–9 mm in diam., without or with few small lenticels,
basally. Fruit brown, globose or obovoid, 1–1.4 cm × 8–10 mm,
2- or 3-loculed, apex with an annular scar. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–
glabrous, 4- or 5-loculed, distinctly but minutely lenticellate,
Sep.
apex with an annular scar. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Oct.
Moist broad-leaved and mixed coniferous forests, deep valleys;
● Mixed forests in mountain regions, valleys; 600–2100 m. Fu-
1400–1700 m. NE Guizhou, S and W Yunnan [NE India, Nepal, Sik-
jian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan,
kim].
SE Yunnan.
One of us (Spongberg) believes that Sorbus salwinensis is synony-
1a. Petiole 1–2 cm; lateral veins mous with this species, and that S. paniculata is a distinct species.
10–12(–18) pairs .................................. 49a. var. caloneura
1b. Petiole to 3 cm; lateral veins 51. Sorbus salwinensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax.
8–10 pairs ................................... 49b. var. kwangtungensis Sin. 13(1): 102. 1975.

49a. Sorbus caloneura var. caloneura 怒江花楸 nu jiang hua qiu

美脉花楸(原变种) mei mai hua qiu (yuan bian zhong) Trees 6–8 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown or gray when
young, blackish brown and glabrous when old, terete, with
Micromeles caloneura Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew
numerous oblong and elliptic small lenticels; buds ovate, 5–8
1910: 192. 1910; Aria caloneura (Stapf) H. Ohashi & Iketani;
mm, apex ± obtuse; scales several, reddish brown. Leaves sim-
Pyrus caloneura (Stapf) Bean.
ple; petiole 3–8 mm, pubescent, gradually glabrescent; leaf
Petiole 1–2 cm; lateral veins 10–12(–18) pairs. blade dark green adaxially, oblong-lanceolate to obovate-lan-
● Mixed forests in mountain regions, valleys; 600–2100 m. Fu- ceolate, (6–)8–14 × 1.5–3.5 cm, lateral veins 11–17 pairs,
jian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, nearly parallel and terminating in marginal teeth, raised
SE Yunnan. abaxially and impressed adaxially, abaxially pubescent along
veins, adaxially initially sparsely puberulous, glabrate, base
49b. Sorbus caloneura var. kwangtungensis T. T. Yu, Acta
cuneate, margin minutely serrate, apex acuminate to caudate-
Phytotax. Sin. 8: 223. 1963.
acuminate. Compound corymbs terminal, 5.5–8 × 7–10 cm
广东美脉花楸 guang dong mei mai hua qiu when mature, densely flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous
 ROSACEAE

when mature, with distinct elliptic or oblong lenticels. Pedicel obovate-elliptic, 26–29.5 × 8.5–10 cm, lateral veins 13–15
4–7 mm. Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, pairs, prominent abaxially, abaxially persistently sparsely hairy,
abaxially glabrous. Sepals ovate or triangular-ovate, apex acute adaxially glabrous when old, base narrowly cuneate, margin
or ± obtuse. Petals white, shortly clawed. Stamens ca. 20. Styles sparsely inconspicuously shallowly crenulate, apex acute. Com-
2. Fruit globose, (4–)5–7 mm in diam., 2-loculed, without lenti- pound corymbs large, ca. 40-flowered; rachis and pedicels gla-
cels, calyx teeth abscising from apex. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug– brous. Pedicel 3–5.5 mm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. when
Sep. open. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals tri-
● Mountain valleys, ridges, broad-leaved and coniferous mixed angular, abaxially glabrous, apex acute. Petals white, broadly
forests; 2700–3100 m. NW Yunnan (Fugong Xian, Gongshan Xian). ovate, 6–8 × 6–9 mm, ca. 2 × as long as sepals, base cuneate,
margin slightly undulate, apex obtuse. Stamens 25–44, nearly
52. Sorbus meliosmifolia Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: as long as petals; filaments purple; anthers yellow. Ovary 5–7-
270. 1915. loculed, with (2 or)3(or 4) ovules per locule; styles 5–7, un-
泡吹叶花楸 pao chui ye hua qiu equal in length, glabrous, connate at base. Fruit subglobose, 3–5
cm in diam., with conspicuous orbicular lenticels and a slightly
Aria meliosmifolia (Rehder) H. Ohashi & Iketani; Mic- deep annular scar. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Oct.
romeles meliosmifolia (Rehder) Kovanda & Challice; Pyrus
● Forests; ca. 2100 m. SE Xizang (Mêdog Xian).
meliosmifolia (Rehder) Bean.
54. Sorbus corymbifera (Miquel) N. T. Kh’ep & G. P. Yakov-
Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown or purplish lev, Bot. Zhurn. 66: 1188. 1981.
brown when young, blackish brown when old, puberulent, soon
glabrescent, terete, with few indistinct lenticels; buds ovoid or 疣果花楸 you guo hua qiu
narrowly ovoid, 6–8 mm, apex acute; scales several, reddish Vaccinium corymbiferum Miquel, Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste
brown, glabrous. Leaves simple; petiole 5–8 mm, glabrous or Bijv. 588. 1861; Aria corymbifera (Miquel) H. Ohashi & Ike-
slightly puberulous; leaf blade grayish green abaxially, light tani; Micromeles corymbifera (Miquel) Kalkman; M. granulosa
green adaxially, narrowly elliptic-ovate to elliptic-obovate, 9– C. K. Schneider; Photinia bartletti Merrill; Pyrus granulosa
13(–18) × 3–6(–8) cm, lateral veins 16–24 pairs, nearly parallel Bertoloni; Sorbus granulosa (Bertoloni) Rehder.
and terminating in marginal teeth, raised abaxially and im-
pressed adaxially, abaxially lanuginose in vein axils, subgla- Trees, rarely shrubs, to 18 m tall. Branchlets brown when
brous when old, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, margin young, blackish brown when old, terete, rust-brown tomentose
doubly serrate, apex acuminate, sometimes acute. Compound when young, glabrate; buds ovoid, 6–8 mm, apex acute; scales
corymbs terminal, 4–8 cm and nearly as broad, numerous brownish, glabrous. Leaves simple; petiole 2.5–3 mm, rust-
flowered; rachis and pedicels yellow pubescent, glabrous in brown tomentose when young, glabrescent; leaf blade ovate or
fruit. Pedicel 6–12 mm. Flowers to 1 cm in diam. Hypanthium elliptic-ovate, 9–13 × 4.5–6 cm, lateral veins 7–11 pairs,
campanulate, yellow pubescent. Sepals triangular-ovate, 2–4 slightly curved and anastomosing toward margin, both surfaces
mm, apex acute. Petals white, ovate, 3–4 mm and ca. as broad, rust-brown tomentose, glabrate, base rounded, margin shal-
apex obtuse. Stamens 20, ca. as long as petals. Styles 3(or 4), lowly crenate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 4–7 × 3–5(–6)
nearly as long as stamens, glabrous, connate basally. Fruit cm, many flowered; rachis and pedicels rust-brown tomentose,
brown, subglobose or ovoid, 1–1.4 cm in diam., glabrous when glabrous when old, small lenticellate. Pedicel 3–4 mm. Flowers
old, with many rusty small lenticels, with an annular scar at 6–7 mm in diam. Hypanthium initially rust-brown tomentose,
apex, 3(or 4)-loculed; seeds brown, broadly ovoid or obovoid, glabrate. Sepals triangular, 1.5–2.5 × 2–3 mm, apex acute. Pet-
4–4.5 mm, compressed. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep. als white, ovate, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, adaxially puberulous, apex ob-
tuse. Stamens 20(–25), nearly as long as or somewhat shorter
● Mountain valleys, forests; 1400–2800 m. NE Guangxi, W Si- than petals. Styles (2 or)3 or 4, not exceeding stamens, gla-
chuan, NW Yunnan. brous, connate near base. Fruit reddish brown, globose to
One of us (Spongberg) notes that this species appears to merge ovoid-globose, 1–1.5(–2) cm in diam., 2–4-loculed, with rusty
with Sorbus corymbifera (Miquel) N. T. Kh’ep & G. P. Yakovlev. The lenticels, conspicuously marked by an annular scar. Fl. Jan–
variation of the two taxa is continuous. Feb, fr. Aug–Sep.
53. Sorbus medogensis L. T. Lu & T. C. Ku, Acta Phytotax. Moist mixed forests; 1200–3400 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Gui-
Sin. 40: 475. 2002. zhou, Hainan, Hunan, Yunnan [Cambodia, Indonesia, E India, Laos, N
Myanmar, Thailand, SE Vietnam].
墨脱花楸 mo tuo hua qiu
55. Sorbus rhombifolia C. J. Qi & K. W. Liu, Acta Bot. Yun-
Pleiosorbus megacarpus Lihua Zhou & C. Y. Wu, Acta
nan. 10: 254. 1988.
Bot. Yunnan. 22: 384. 2000, not Sorbus megalocarpa Rehder
(1915). 菱叶花楸 ling ye hua qiu
Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown, terete, gla- Trees to 5 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown, glabrous, len-
brous, with yellowish brown lenticels, glabrous; buds oblong- ticellate; buds ovoid, glabrous. Leaves simple; petiole 1–2 cm,
ovoid, apically acute; scales more than 10, reddish brown, gla- glabrous; leaf blade rhombic, 7.5–10 × 2.5–4 cm, subleathery,
brous. Leaves simple; petiole 3–5 mm; leaf blade elliptic to lateral veins 7–9 pairs, curved and anastomosing toward mar-
 ROSACEAE

gin, prominent on both surfaces, both surfaces glabrous, base obtuse. Petals white, ovate to obovate, 4–5.5 × 4–5 mm, adax-
narrowly cuneate, margin entire basally, crenulate apically, ially sparsely pilose, apex ± obtuse. Stamens 20, unequal in
apex shortly acuminate. Flowers not seen. Infructescences ter- length, longer ones slightly longer than petals, shorter ones
minal; rachis and pedicels glabrous, with small lenticels. Fruit- shorter than petals. Styles (2 or)3(or 4), not exceeding stamens,
ing pedicels ca. 0.5 cm. Fruit dark red, globose, 1–1.4 cm in glabrous, connate near base. Fruit subglobose, 8–10(–12) mm
diam., 3-loculed, lenticellate. Fr. Sep. in diam., with few small lenticels, 2–4-loculed, with an annular
scar. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep.
● Dense forests; ca. 500 m. W Hunan (Tongdao Xian).
Forests on slopes, shrubby thickets in valleys; 1500–2800 m. Si-
56. Sorbus globosa T. T. Yu & H. T. Tsai, Bull. Fan Mem. chuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, E Nepal, N Myanmar, Sik-
Inst. Biol., Bot. Ser., 7: 121. 1936. kim].
圆果花楸 yuan guo hua qiu 58. Sorbus aronioides Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 268.
1915.
Aria globosa (T. T. Yu & H. T. Tsai) H. Ohashi & Iketani.
毛背花楸 mao bei hua qiu
Trees, rarely shrubs, to 7 m tall. Branchlets blackish brown
when old, terete, rust-brown pubescent when young, soon Aria aronioides (Rehder) H. Ohashi & Iketani; Micromeles
glabrous, with few small lenticels; buds ovoid, 5–8 mm, apex ± aronioides (Rehder) Kovanda & Challice.
acute; scales several, glabrous. Leaves simple; petiole 1–1.5
Shrubs or trees, 4–12(–15) m tall. Branchlets purplish
cm, sparsely puberulous or glabrous; leaf blade pale green
brown when young, purplish black when old, terete, glabrous
abaxially, dark green adaxially, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-
when old, sparsely lenticellate; buds ovoid, apex acute or ±
lanceolate, 8–10 × 3–4.5 cm, lateral veins 8–11 pairs, anasto-
obtuse; scales few, brown or purplish brown, glabrous. Leaves
mosing toward margin, abaxially rust-brown pubescent along
simple; petiole 5–10 mm; leaf blade pale grayish green abax-
veins, gradually glabrescent, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate,
ially, dark green adaxially, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or elliptic-
rarely subrounded, margin sparsely sharply serrate, nearly en-
obovate, 6–12 × 2.5–6 cm, lateral veins 7–10 pairs, branched
tire basally, apex acuminate. Inflorescences paniculately com-
and anastomosing toward margin, abaxially sparsely tomentose
pound corymbose, 3–6 × 2–5 cm, 15–21-flowered; rachis, pedi-
along raised veins, glabrous when old, adaxially glabrous,
cels, and hypanthium abaxially rust-brown pubescent. Pedicel
sparsely glandular along somewhat impressed midvein, base
5–9 mm. Flowers 5–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate. cuneate, margin sharply but minutely serrate, entire near base.
Sepals reflexed, ovate-triangular, 2–2.5 mm, apex obtuse. Compound corymbs terminal, 3.5–5 cm in diam. and nearly as
Petals white, ovate to obovate, 4–5 × 3–3.5 mm, sparsely rust- long, densely flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous. Pedicel 2–
brown pilose, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens 20, 5 mm. Flowers 7–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate,
unequal in length, longer or shorter than petals. Styles 2 or 3, glabrous. Sepals ovate-triangular, sparsely pubescent along mar-
not exceeding stamens, glabrous, connate basally. Fruit brown, gin, soon glabrate, apex acute. Petals white, irregularly ovate or
globose, 1–1.2 cm in diam., 2- or 3-loculed, with orbicular narrowly ovate, 2.5–3.5 × 2–3 mm, glabrous, base shortly claw-
small lenticels, with an annular scar. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Aug– ed, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 20, nearly as long as or slightly
Sep. longer than petals; anthers brown, broadly ovate. Styles 2 or 3,
Slope forests, shrub thickets; 1000–3000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, rarely 4, 3–3.5 mm, ca. as long as stamens or slightly shorter,
W Yunnan [N Myanmar]. glabrous, connate basally. Fruit red, ovoid, 0.9–1.1 cm × 8–10
One of us (Spongberg) believes that Sorbus paniculata is a related mm, glabrous, 2- or 3-loculed, with an annular scar; seeds
taxon and could be placed here. brown, obovoid, compressed. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Aug–Oct.
57. Sorbus thomsonii (King ex J. D. Hooker) Rehder in Sar- Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests on slopes, stream side
gent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 277. 1915. mixed forests; 1000–3600 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, W Sichuan, W Yun-
nan [N Myanmar].
滇缅花楸 dian mian hua qiu
59. Sorbus keissleri (C. K. Schneider) Rehder in Sargent, Pl.
Pyrus thomsonii King ex J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: Wilson. 2: 269. 1915.
379. 1878; Aria thomsonii (King ex J. D. Hooker) H. Ohashi &
毛序花楸 mao xu hua qiu
Iketani.
Micromeles keissleri C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laub-
Trees 8–10 m tall. Branchlets grayish brownish or gray
holzk. 1: 701. 1906; Aria keissleri (C. K. Schneider) H. Ohashi
brown, terete, glabrous, sparsely white lenticellate; buds ovoid,
& Iketani; M. decaisneana C. K. Schneider var. keissleri C. K.
4–6 mm, apex acute; scales several, brownish, glabrous. Leaves
simple; petiole 5–10 mm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic or Schneider; Pyrus keissleri H. Léveillé.
elliptic-lanceolate, 4–8 × 2–3 cm, lateral veins 7–10(–12) pairs, Trees or shrubs, 7–15 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown to
slightly curved and anastomosing toward margin, both surfaces blackish brown when old, terete, initially grayish white tomen-
glabrous, base cuneate, shallowly minutely serrate, apex acute tose, soon glabrate, prominently small lenticellate; buds ovoid,
to shortly acuminate. Compound corymbs 2.5–3.5 × 4–5 cm, apex ± acute; scales several, brown, glabrous. Leaves simple;
more than 10-flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous. Pedicel 4– petiole ca. 5 mm, gray tomentose when young, gradually gla-
8 mm. Flowers 0.8–1.2 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, brescent; leaf blade pale green abaxially, green adaxially, obo-
abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular or triangular-ovate, apex ± vate or oblong-obovate, 7–11 × 3.5–6 cm, lateral veins 8–10
 ROSACEAE

pairs, branched and anastomosing toward margin, raised abax- hui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hu-
ially, adaxially lustrous, both surfaces tomentose when young, nan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
gradually glabrate or sparsely tomentulose only abaxially along 60b. Sorbus folgneri var. duplicatodentata T. T. Yu & L. T.
midvein, base cuneate, margin crenulate, entire near base, apex Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(1): 103. 1975.
shortly acuminate. Compound corymbs terminal, 4–5 cm in
diam. and ca. as long, densely flowered; rachis and pedicels 齿叶石灰树 chi ye shi hui shu
grayish white tomentose. Pedicel 2–5 mm. Flowers 7–9 mm in Aria chengii (C. J. Qi) H. Ohashi & Iketani; Sorbus
diam. Hypanthium campanulate, sparsely grayish white tomen-
chengii C. J. Qi.
tose. Sepals triangular-ovate, glabrous, apex ± acute or ± ob-
tuse. Petals white, broadly ovate or suborbicular, ca. 3 mm and Leaf margin sharply and doubly serrate.
ca. as broad, apex obtuse. Stamens 20, ca. as long as petals. ● Slopes, roadsides. N Hunan (Taoyuan Xian), W Zhejiang (Kai-
Styles 2 or 3, somewhat not exceeding stamens, glabrous, con- hua Xian).
nate basally. Fruit brownish green, ovoid or flattened orange-
shaped, 9–10(–12) mm in diam., glabrous, 2- or 3-loculed, with Spongberg and Wu think this variety is a synonym of the species
because of the slight differences.
few inconspicuous lenticels, with an annular scar. Fl. May–Jun,
fr. Aug–Sep. One of us (Spongberg) prefers to treat this variety as a synonym of
the species because of the slight differences; Wu Zhengyi (editor’s note)
● Dense forests; 1200–1900 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, W Hubei, Hu-
concurs.
nan, Jiangxi, E Sichuan, S Xizang, NE Yunnan.
61. Sorbus tsinlingensis C. L. Tang, Fl. Tsinling. 1(2): 608.
60. Sorbus folgneri (C. K. Schneider) Rehder in Sargent, Pl.
1974.
Wilson. 2: 271. 1915.
秦岭花楸 qin ling hua qiu
石灰树 shi hui shu
Aria tsinlingensis (C. L. Tang) H. Ohashi & Iketani.
Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets blackish brown when old,
terete, initially grayish white tomentose, glabrescent, with few Trees 5–8 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown when young,
elliptic lenticels; buds ovoid, apex acute; scales several, brown, blackish brown when old, terete, glabrous or subglabrous,
glabrous. Leaves simple; petiole 0.5–1.5(–2) cm, densely gray- sparsely orbicular-lenticellate; buds ovoid, 4–8 mm, glabrous,
ish white tomentose; leaf blade dark green adaxially, narrowly apex acute; scales several, reddish brown. Leaves simple; peti-
ovate or elliptic to oblong, 6–12 × 3–7 cm, lateral veins 8–15 ole 1.2–2 cm, grayish white tomentose; leaf blade pale green
pairs, nearly parallel, terminating in marginal teeth, abaxially abaxially, dark green adaxially, oblong or ovate-oblong, 7–12 ×
densely grayish white tomentose, adaxially glabrous, base 4–6 cm, subleathery, lateral veins 8–10 pairs, usually arched
broadly cuneate or rounded, margin obtusely to sharply serrate, and anastomosing toward margin, abaxially grayish white to-
apex acute to shortly acuminate. Inflorescences 4–6 × 5–8 cm, mentose, adaxially sparsely tomentulose, base rounded, rarely
densely 20–30-flowered; rachis and pedicels grayish white subcordate, margin unevenly serrate, apex acute or shortly acu-
tomentose, minutely lenticellate. Pedicel 5–8 mm. Flowers 7– minate. Compound corymbs 4–6 cm in diam., densely 20–35-
10 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially grayish flowered; rachis and pedicels densely grayish white tomentose.
white tomentose. Sepals triangular-ovate, apex acute. Petals Pedicel 5–10 mm. Flowers 1–1.2 cm in diam. Hypanthium
white, ovate, 3–4 × 3–3.5 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens 18–20, campanulate, ca. 2.5 mm in diam., abaxially densely grayish
nearly as long as or slightly longer than petals. Styles 2 or 3, not white tomentose. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, 2–2.5 mm, to-
exceeding stamens, basally connate and tomentose. Fruit red or mentose along margin. Petals white, suborbicular, 4–5 mm in
yellow, oblong or obovoid-oblong, 0.9–1.5 cm × 6–9 mm, gla- diam., base shortly clawed. Stamens 20, 2–3 mm; anthers yel-
brous or with few inconspicuous lenticels, 2- or 3-loculed, with low. Ovary tomentose apically; styles 2, not exceeding stamens,
an annular scar. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–Aug. glabrous, connate basally. Fruit red, obovoid-oblong or oblong-
ellipsoid, 1.3–1.5 cm × 7–9 mm, sometimes sparsely lenti-
● Valleys, slopes, stream sides in mixed forests, roadsides; 800–
2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan,
cellate, with an annular scar; seeds reddish brown, narrowly
Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, W Zhejiang. ovoid, 5–6 mm, somewhat compressed. Fl. May, fr. Sep–Oct.
● Mixed forests in mountain regions; 1400–1800 m. SE Gansu
1a. Leaf margin serrate ................................. 60a. var. folgneri
(Tianshui), S Shaanxi (Taibai Shan).
1b. Leaf margin doubly serrate ...... 60b. var. duplicatodentata
62. Sorbus dunnii Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 273. 1915.
60a. Sorbus folgneri var. folgneri
棕脉花楸 zhong mai hua qiu
石灰树(原变种) shi hui shu (yuan bian zhong)
Aria dunnii (Rehder) H. Ohashi & Iketani.
Micromeles folgneri C. K. Schneider, Bull. Herb. Boissier,
sér. 2, 6: 318. 1906; Aria folgneri (C. K. Schneider) H. Ohashi Trees small, 2–7 m tall. Branchlets brownish purple when
& Iketani; Pyrus folgneri (C. K. Schneider) C. K. Schneider ex young, brown or grayish brown when old, terete, yellow pubes-
Bean; Sorbus nubium Handel-Mazzetti. cent when young, glabrate, minutely lenticellate; buds ovoid, 5–
8(–10) mm, apex acuminate; scales several, brown, glabrous.
Leaf margin serrate, with obtuse or slightly ± acute teeth. Leaves simple; petiole 1.5–2.5 cm, brown tomentose, gradually
● Valleys, slopes, stream sides in mixed forests; 800–2000 m. An- glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic or oblong, 6–10(–15) × 3–5(–8)
 ROSACEAE

cm, lateral veins (10–)14–18 pairs, terminating in marginal dendron (Handel-Mazzetti) Kovanda & Challice; Sorbus deter-
teeth, abaxially densely yellowish white tomentose and brown gibilis Merrill.
tomentose along veins, adaxially glabrous but brown tomentose
Shrubs or trees, to 15 m tall. Branchlets blackish brown,
along veins, base broadly cuneate, margin irregularly serrate,
terete, initially densely rust-brown tomentose, glabrous when
apex acute or shortly acuminate. Compound corymbs much
old, with sparse, inconspicuous elliptic lenticels; buds ovoid, 5–
branched in distal part, 4–7 × 5–7 cm, densely flowered; rachis
7 mm, apex acute or ± obtuse; scales several, dark reddish
and pedicels rust-brown tomentose, gradually glabrescent, with
brown, glabrous. Leaves simple; petiole 5–10 mm, densely
many small lenticels. Pedicel 3–6 mm. Flowers 7–10 mm.
rust-brown tomentose; leaf blade narrowly elliptic or elliptic-
Hypanthium turbinate, abaxially densely rust-brown tomen-
ovate to elliptic-obovate, 7–12(–15) × 3.5–6(–7) cm, lateral
tose. Sepals triangular-ovate, 1.5–2 mm, apex acute. Petals
veins 12–15 pairs, nearly parallel, terminating in marginal teeth,
white, broadly ovate, 3–4 mm, glabrous, base shortly clawed,
abaxially densely persistent rust-brown tomentose, adaxially
apex ± acute. Stamens 20, unequal in length, longer ones longer
sparsely puberulous, base cuneate, margin minutely serrate ex-
than petals. Styles 2, connate at base, glabrous. Fruit red, sub-
cept for basal part, apex shortly acuminate or acute. Compound
globose, 5–8 mm in diam., 2-loculed, without or with few small
corymbs terminal, 6–9 × 5–10 cm, many flowered; rachis and
lenticels; seeds blackish, lanceolate-obovate, 3–4 mm. Fl. Apr–
pedicels densely rust-brown tomentose. Pedicel 4–7 mm. Flow-
May, fr. Aug–Sep.
ers 8–10 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, 3–4 mm,
● Sparse woods on slopes, shrubby thickets in valleys; 600–3000 abaxially rust-brown tomentose. Sepals triangular-ovate, 1.5–2
m. SE Anhui, NW Fujian, NE Guangxi, SE Guizhou, NW Yunnan, W mm, apex acute. Petals ovate, 3–4 mm and ca. as broad, adax-
Zhejiang. ially sparsely puberulous, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse.
63. Sorbus ferruginea (Wenzig) Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wil- Stamens 15–20, nearly as long as or slightly shorter than petals.
son. 2: 277. 1915. Styles 2 or 3, somewhat not exceeding stamens, glabrous, con-
nate at base. Fruit globose or ovoid-globose, 5–8 mm in diam.,
锈色花楸 xiu se hua qiu 2- or 3-loculed, with few minute orbicular lenticels, with an
Sorbus sikkimensis Wenzig var. ferruginea Wenzig, Lin- annular scar. Fl. May, fr. Aug–Sep.
naea 38: 60. 1874; Aria ferruginea (Wenzig) H. Ohashi & Ike- Sparse woods at river sides, shrub thickets in mountain valleys;
tani; Micromeles ferruginea (Wenzig) Koehne; Pyrus ferru- 2300–3000 m. Guizhou, W Yunnan [N Myanmar, N Vietnam].
ginea (Wenzig) J. D. Hooker.
65. Sorbus ochracea (Handel-Mazzetti) J. E. Vidal, Adan-
Trees or shrubs, 4–10 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown sonia, n.s., 5: 577. 1965.
when old, densely rusty tomentose when young, gradually gla-
brescent, prominently lenticellate when old; buds ovoid, 4–6 褐毛花楸 he mao hua qiu
mm, apex obtuse; scales several, brown, glabrous. Leaves sim- Eriobotrya ochracea Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 476.
ple; petiole 1–1.5 cm, initially densely rusty tomentose, gla- 1933; Aria ochracea (Handel-Mazzetti) H. Ohashi & Iketani;
brous or subglabrous when old; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, or Sorbus rubiginosa T. T. Yu.
obovate, 5–8(–10) × 3–4.5 cm, lateral veins 6–8(–11) pairs,
nearly parallel, terminating in marginal teeth, abaxially promi- Trees or shrubs, 10–15 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown
nent, both surfaces initially densely rusty tomentose, glabre- to blackish brown when old, terete, initially densely rust-brown
scent, abaxially rusty tomentose only along veins when old, tomentose, gradually glabrescent, glabrous when old, with gray-
base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin minutely serrate, apex ish white lenticels; buds ovoid, 5–7 mm, apex ± obtuse to ±
shortly acuminate or acute. Compound corymbs terminal, 3–5 × acute; scales several, dark brown, glabrous. Leaves simple;
3–4 cm, few flowered; rachis and pedicels rusty tomentose. petiole 2–3 cm, densely rust-brown tomentose; leaf blade ovate
Pedicel 3–5 mm. Flowers 7–9 mm in diam. Hypanthium cam- or elliptic-ovate, rarely elliptic-obovate, 9–14 × 5–8 cm, lateral
panulate, abaxially rusty tomentose. Sepals triangular-ovate, veins 10–12 pairs, slightly curved and anastomosing toward
apex obtuse. Petals white, broadly oblong or ovate, rarely obo- leaf margin, both surfaces rust-brown tomentose when young,
vate, 3–4 mm and ca. as broad, adaxially puberulent, base usually only abaxially sparsely tomentose when old, base
shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens 20, slightly longer than broadly cuneate to rounded, margin shallowly crenulate apical-
petals. Styles 3 or 4, not exceeding stamens, glabrous, connate ly, apex shortly acuminate, rarely acute. Compound corymbs
basally. Fruit globose, 5–8 mm in diam., smooth or with few terminal, 5–7 cm in diam., ca. 20–30-flowered or more; rachis
minute lenticels, 3- or 4-loculed, with an annular scar. Fl. Apr– and pedicels densely rust-brown tomentose. Pedicel 3–5 mm.
Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. Flowers 7–10 mm. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially rust-
brown tomentose. Sepals reflexed after anthesis, triangular-
Slope or valley forests, rocky hills, river banks; 2200–2800 m. C ovate, ca. 2 mm, apex acute. Petals yellowish white, broadly
and W Yunnan [Bhutan, Sikkim].
ovate or elliptic, 3–4 × ca. 3 mm, adaxially sparsely pilose, base
64. Sorbus epidendron Handel-Mazzetti, Anz. Kaiserl. Akad. clawed, apex obtuse or emarginate. Stamens 15–20, unequal in
Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 60: 135. 1923. length, longer ones longer than petals. Styles (2 or)3 or 4, some-
what not exceeding stamens, glabrous, connate at base. Fruit
附生花楸 fu sheng hua qiu
subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam., 3- or 4-loculed, prominently but
Aria detergibilis (Merrill) H. Ohashi & Iketani; A. epiden- minutely lenticellate, with an annular scar. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Jul–
dron (Handel-Mazzetti) H. Ohashi & Iketani; Micromeles epi- Aug.
 ROSACEAE

● Mixed forests on slopes, valleys, stream sides; 1300–2700 m. E Pyrus astateria Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 348. 1918;
Xizang, Yunnan. Aria astateria (Cardot) H. Ohashi & Iketani.
66. Sorbus subochracea T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Shrubs or small trees, to 8 m tall. Branchlets grayish
Sin. 18: 494. 1980. brown, terete, ± rust-brown tomentose, later becoming gla-
尾叶花楸 wei ye hua qiu brous, minutely lenticellate; buds narrowly ovoid, apex acute;
scales several, brownish, glabrous or sparsely rust-brown pu-
Aria subochracea (T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu) H. Ohashi & Ike- bescent apically. Leaves simple; petiole 5–7(–10) mm, tomen-
tani. tose; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, 4–7(–9) × 2–4 cm, lateral
Trees to 6 m tall. Branchlets dark purplish brown, terete, veins 6–8 pairs, curved and anastomosing toward leaf margin,
brown or grayish brown tomentose when young, glabrescent, both surfaces densely rusty tomentose when young, glabrescent,
with many grayish white oblong lenticels. Leaves simple; peti- abaxially tomentose only along veins when mature, base cu-
ole ca. 1 cm, rusty tomentose; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate, 11– neate to rounded, margin minutely serrate apically, apex short
15 × 4–6 cm, lateral veins 10–15 pairs, curved and anasto- to long acuminate. Inflorescences usually paniculate, 2–7 cm in
mosing toward leaf margin, abaxially rusty tomentose when diam., many flowered; rachis and pedicels rusty tomentose.
young, with few hairs only along midvein or at base of midvein Pedicel 4–7 mm. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Hypanthium cam-
when old, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, margin usually en- panulate, short, abaxially rusty tomentose. Sepals reflexed after
tire basally or sparsely serrate in apical 1/3, apex long acumi- anthesis, triangular, apex acute. Petals white, obovate or subor-
nate to caudate. Compound corymbs terminal, many flowered; bicular, 4–5 × 2.5–3 mm, adaxially puberulent, base clawed,
rachis and pedicels tomentose, glabrate. Flowers not seen. Fruit apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 20, outer stamens nearly as long as
yellowish brown, globose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., with numerous petals, inner ones shorter than petals. Styles 3 or 4, glabrous,
prominent lenticels, with an annular scar. Fr. Aug–Sep. connate at base. Fruit ovoid, 5–10 mm in diam., 3- or 4-loculed,
● Mixed forests along river banks; ca. 2200 m. SE Xizang. usually without lenticels, with an annular scar. Fl. Mar–May, fr.
67. Sorbus astateria (Cardot) Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: Oct.
466. 1933.
● Mountain slopes, stream sides, mixed forests, forest margins;
多变花楸 duo bian hua qiu 1500–2700 m. SE Xizang, NW Yunnan.

19. CYDONIA Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4, [426]. 1754.

榅桲属 wen po shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Stephen A. Spongberg
Shrubs or small trees, deciduous. Branches unarmed; buds small, pubescent, with few scales. Leaves simple, petiolate, stipulate,
venation camptodromous, margin entire. Flowers solitary at apices of leafy branchlets. Sepals 5, margin entire, reflexed. Petals 5,
white or pinkish, obovate. Stamens 20. Ovary inferior, 5-loculed, with numerous ovules per locule; styles 5, free, pubescent basally.
Fruit a many seeded pome, with persistent, recurved sepals.
One species: C Asia; cultivated in China.

1. Cydonia oblonga Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8, Cydonia no. 1. subcordate, margin entire, apex acute or emarginate. Pedicel ca.
1768. 5 mm or nearly absent, densely tomentose. Flowers 4–5 cm in
diam.; bracts caducous, ovate. Hypanthium campanulate, abax-
榅桲 wen po
ially densely tomentose. Sepals ovate or broadly lanceolate, 5–6
Pyrus cydonia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 480. 1753; Cydonia mm, longer than hypanthium, both surfaces tomentose, margin
vulgaris Persoon. glandular serrate, apex acute. Petals white or pinkish, ca. 1.8
cm. Stamens less than 1/2 as long as petals. Styles nearly as
Shrubs or small trees, to 8 m tall. Branchlets purplish red long as stamens, densely villous basally. Fruit fragrant, yellow,
when young, purplish brown when old, terete, initially densely pear-shaped, 3–5 cm in diam., densely tomentose, with per-
tomentose, glabrous when old, sparsely lenticellate; buds pur- sistent reflexed sepals; fruiting pedicel ca. 5 mm, stout, to-
plish brown, tomentose. Stipules caducous, ovate; petiole 0.8– mentose. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Oct. 2n = 34*.
1.5 cm, tomentose; leaf blade ovate to oblong, 5–10 × 3–5 cm,
abaxially with conspicuous veins and densely villous, adaxially Cultivated. Fujian, Guizhou, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi (Qin Ling), Shan-
glabrous or sparsely pubescent when young, base rounded or xi, Xinjiang [native to C Asia].

20. DOCYNIA Decaisne, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 125, 131. 1874.
栘木木衣属 duo yi shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Stephen A. Spongberg
Trees evergreen or semievergreen; buds ovoid, small, with several exposed scales. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, petiolate,
 ROSACEAE

venation camptodromous, margin entire or serrate, sometimes slightly lobed. Flowers shortly stalked, 2–5-fascicled, precocious or
synantherous; bracts caducous, small. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially densely tomentose. Sepals 5, lanceolate. Petals 5, white,
base shortly clawed. Stamens 30–50, 2-whorled. Ovary inferior, 5-loculed, with 3–10 ovules per locule; styles 5, connate at base, vil-
lous. Pome subglobose, ovoid, or pyriform, 2–3 cm in diam., with persistent erect or incurved sepals.
About two species: Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam; two species (one endemic) in China.

1a. Leaf blade elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, abaxially pubescent or subglabrous, margin serrate, rarely entire, firmly
papery; stamens ca. 30; pome globose or ellipsoid, shortly stalked ................................................................................. 1. D. indica
1b. Leaf blade lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, abaxially densely yellow tomentose, margin entire or slightly serrate,
leathery; stamens 40–45; pome ovoid or oblong, long stalked ..................................................................................... 2. D. delavayi
1. Docynia indica (Wallich) Decaisne, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. 2. Docynia delavayi (Franchet) C. K. Schneider, Repert. Spec.
Nat. 10: 131. 1874. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 180. 1906.
栘木木衣 duo yi 云南栘木木衣 yun nan duo yi
Pyrus indica Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 56. 1831; Cydonia Pyrus delavayi Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 227. 1890; Coto-
indica (Wallich) Spach; Docynia docynioides (C. K. Schneider) neaster bodinieri H. Léveillé; Cydonia delavayi (Franchet) Car-
Rehder; D. griffithiana Decaisne; D. hookeriana Decaisne; D.
dot; Eriolobus delavayi (Franchet) C. K. Schneider.
rufifolia (H. Léveillé) Rehder; Malus docynioides C. K. Schnei-
der; P. rufifolia H. Léveillé. Trees evergreen, to 3–10 m tall. Branches loose; branch-
Trees semievergreen or deciduous, to 2–3 m tall. Branch- lets reddish brown or purplish brown, robust, terete, initially
lets purplish brown or blackish brown when old, terete, stout, densely yellow tomentose, glabrescent; buds reddish brown,
initially densely pubescent, glabrous when old; buds reddish ovoid; scales with pubescent margin, apex acuminate. Stipules
brown, pubescent, apex acute. Stipule caducous, lanceolate, caducous, lanceolate, small; petiole ca. 1 cm, densely to-
small, apex acuminate; petiole 0.5–2 cm, usually pubescent; mentose; leaf blade lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 6–8 × 2–3
leaf blade elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 3.5–8 × 1.5–2.3 cm, cm, leathery, abaxially densely yellowish white tomentose,
firmly papery, abaxially sparsely pubescent or subglabrous, adaxially lustrous, base cuneate or subrounded, margin entire
adaxially glabrous, lustrous, base broadly cuneate or sub- or slightly crenulate, apex acute or acuminate. Pedicel short,
rounded, margin shallowly crenate, rarely serrate or entire only subglabrous, in fruit becoming longer, densely tomentose.
at apex, apex acute or acuminate. Pedicel short or nearly absent, Flowers 3–5-fascicled, 2.5–3 cm in diam.; bracts lanceolate,
pubescent. Flowers 3–5-fascicled, ca. 2.5 cm in diam.; bracts apex acuminate. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially yellow-
lanceolate. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially densely pubes- ish white tomentose. Sepals lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate,
cent. Sepals lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, 5–8 mm, both 5–8 mm, both surfaces densely tomentose, shorter than hypan-
surfaces pubescent, slightly shorter than hypanthium, margin thium, margin entire, apex acute or acuminate. Petals white,
entire, apex acute or acuminate. Petals white, oblong or oblong- ovate or oblong-ovate, 1.2–1.5 cm × 5–8 mm. Stamens 40–45.
obovate, 1.2–1.6 cm × 5–9 mm. Stamens ca. 30. Styles ca. as Styles equaling or lower than stamens, connate and pubescent
long as stamens, connate and pubescent at base. Pome yellow, at base. Pome yellow, ovoid or oblong, 2–3 cm in diam., ini-
subglobose or ellipsoid, 2–3 cm in diam., slightly pubescent
tially densely tomentose, slightly tomentose or subglabrous
when young; sepals persistent, erect. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Aug–Sep.
when mature; sepals persistent. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Aug–Sep.
Slopes, stream sides, thickets; 2000–3000 m. SW Sichuan, NE
Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sikkim, Thailand, ● River sides in valleys, mixed forests, mountainous areas; 1000–
Vietnam]. 3000 m. W Guizhou, W Sichuan, NW Yunnan.

21. CHAENOMELES Lindley, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13: 96, 97. 1821, nom. et orth. cons.
木瓜属 mu gua shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Stephen A. Spongberg

Pseudochaenomeles Carrière; Pseudocydonia C. K. Schneider.

Shrubs, subshrubs, or small trees, deciduous or evergreen, sometimes with thorny branches; buds small, with 2 exposed scales.
Leaves simple, alternate, shortly petiolate, stipulate, herbaceous, venation camptodromous, margin serrate or crenate. Flowers soli-
tary or fascicled, precocious or coetaneous. Sepals 5, caducous, margin entire or serrate. Petals 5. Stamens 20 or more, 2-whorled.
Ovary 5-loculed, with many ovules per locule, 2-seriate; styles 2–5, connate at base. Fruit a pome, large, many seeded, often with
persistent incurved styles; seed brown, seed coat leathery, albumen absent.
About five species: E Asia; five species (three endemic) in China.

1a. Branches unarmed; flowers solitary, coetaneous; sepals reflexed; stipules ovate-lanceolate, margin glandular
serrate ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1. C. sinensis
 ROSACEAE

1b. Branches armed; flowers fascicled, precocious or coetaneous; sepals erect, rarely reflexed; stipules herbaceous,
reniform or auriculate, margin serrate.
2a. Leaf margin entire ................................................................................................................................................... 5. C. thibetica
2b. Leaf margin serrate or crenate.
3a. Branchlets scabrous, verruculose when old; fruit small, 3–4 cm in diam., maturing early; leaf blade
obovate to spatulate, margin crenate ................................................................................................................ 4. C. japonica
3b. Branchlets smooth, not verruculose when old; fruit medium-sized to large, 5–8 cm in diam., maturing
late; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, margin serrate.
4a. Leaf blade ovate to narrowly elliptic, abaxially glabrous or initially slightly pubescent, margin sharply
serrate; styles glabrous or slightly pubescent ............................................................................................. 2. C. speciosa
4b. Leaf blade elliptic or lanceolate, abaxially densely brown tomentose, margin aristate-serrate; styles
basally pubescent or lanose ................................................................................................................... 3. C. cathayensis
1. Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne, Gatt. Pomac. 29. petiole ca. 1 cm, initially sparsely pubescent, glabrescent; leaf
1890. blade ovate to elliptic, rarely narrowly elliptic, 3–9 × 1.5–5 cm,
glabrous or pubescent abaxially along veins on leaves of shoots,
木瓜 mu gua
base cuneate to broadly cuneate, margin shortly serrate, apex
Cydonia sinensis Thouin, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 19: 145. acute or obtuse. Pedicel absent or short, ca. 3 mm, subglabrous.
1812; Pseudocydonia sinensis (Thouin) C. K. Schneider; Pyrus Flowers precocious, 3–5-fascicled on second year’s branchlets,
cathayensis Hemsley; P. chinensis Sprengel; P. sinensis (Thou- 3–5 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous. Sepals
in) Poiret. erect, suborbicular, rarely ovate, 3–4 mm, abaxially glabrous,
adaxially pubescent. Petals scarlet, rarely pinkish or white,
Shrubs or small trees, to 5–10 m. Branchlets purplish red, ovate or suborbicular, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Sta-
terete, unarmed, initially pubescent, soon glabrate, with pale mens 40–50, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Styles 5, ca. as long as
lenticels; buds purplish brown, glabrous, apex obtuse. Stipules stamens, connate at base, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Pome
ovate-oblong, rhomboidal, or lanceolate, 5–12 mm, herbaceous, fragrant, yellow or yellowish green, globose or ovoid, 4–6 cm
subglabrous, margin glandular serrate, apex acute; petiole 5–10 in diam.; sepals caducous; fruiting pedicel short or absent. Fl.
mm, pubescent, glandular serrate; leaf blade elliptic-ovate or Mar–May, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 34*.
elliptic-oblong, rarely obovate, 5–8 × 3.5–5.5 cm, abaxially yel-
lowish white tomentose when young, soon glabrescent, base Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Si-
chuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Myanmar].
broadly cuneate or rounded, margin aristate and sharply serrate
(teeth glandular at apices), apex acute. Pedicel short, 5–10 mm, This species is planted in parks and gardens as an ornamental; its
glabrous. Flowers solitary, 2.5–3 cm in diam. Hypanthium cam- fruit are used medicinally.
panulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals reflexed, triangular-lanceo-
3. Chaenomeles cathayensis (Hemsley) C. K. Schneider, Ill.
late, 6–10 mm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially brown tomentose,
Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 730. 1906.
apex acute or acuminate. Petals pinkish, obovate, base shortly
clawed, apex rounded. Stamens numerous, ca. 1/2 as long as 木瓜海棠 mu gua hai tang
petals. Styles 3–5, ca. as long as stamens, connate at base. Pome
fragrant, dark yellow, narrowly ellipsoid, 10–15 cm, woody; Cydonia cathayensis Hemsley, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 27: t.
sepals caducous; fruiting pedicel short. Fl. Apr, fr. Sep–Oct. 2657. 1901; Chaenomeles lagenaria Koidzumi var. cathayensis
(Hemsley) Rehder; C. lagenaria var. wilsonii Rehder; C. speci-
● About 1000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, osa Nakai var. cathayensis (Hemsley) H. Hara; C. speciosa var.
Hebei, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Zhejiang.
wilsonii (Rehder) H. Hara; Cydonia japonica (Thunberg) Per-
The fruit are used medicinally. soon var. cathayensis (Hemsley) Cardot.
2. Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai, J. Jap. Bot. 4: 331. Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, 2–6 m tall, with short
1929. thorns. Branchlets purplish brown, terete, glabrous, with sparse,
贴梗海棠 tie geng hai tang pale brown lenticels; buds purplish brown, triangular-ovoid,
glabrous, apex acute. Stipules reniform, auriculate, or suborbic-
Cydonia speciosa Sweet, Hort. Suburb.-Lond. 113. 1818; ular, 5–10 mm, herbaceous, abaxially brown tomentose, margin
Chaenomeles lagenaria (Loiseleur-Deslongchamps) Koidzumi; minutely aristate-serrate, apex acute; petiole ca. 1 cm, pubes-
Cydonia japonica (Thunberg) Persoon var. lagenaria (Loise- cent or nearly so; leaf blade elliptic or lanceolate to obovate-
leur-Deslongchamps) Makino; C. lagenaria Loiseleur-Deslong- lanceolate, 5–11 × 2–4, abaxially initially densely brown to-
champs. mentose, glabrescent, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate to
Shrubs deciduous, to 2 m tall, with thorns. Branchlets broadly cuneate, margin minutely aristate-serrate, sparsely ser-
purplish brown or blackish brown, terete, glabrous, with pale rate or subentire basally, doubly serrate apically, apex acute or
brown lenticels; buds purplish brown, triangular-ovoid, gla- acuminate. Pedicel short or nearly absent. Flowers precocious,
brous or pubescent at margin of scales, apex obtuse. Stipules 2- or 3-fascicled, 2–4 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate,
reniform or suborbicular, rarely ovate, large, 5–10 mm, herba- abaxially glabrous or slightly pubescent. Sepals erect, ovate to
ceous, glabrous, sharply doubly serrate at margin, apex acute; elliptic, 3–5 mm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially and marginally
 ROSACEAE

brown pubescent, apex obtuse or acute. Petals pink or white, caducous; fruiting pedicel short or nearly absent. Fl. Mar–Jun,
obovate or suborbicular. Stamens 45–50, ca. 1/2 as long as pet- fr. Aug–Oct.
als. Styles 5, ca. as long as stamens, pubescent or lanose ba-
Cultivated. Fujian, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Zhejiang [native to
sally. Pome fragrant, yellowish red, ovoid or subcylindric, 6–7 Japan].
cm diam.; sepals caducous; fruiting pedicel short or nearly ab-
sent. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Sep–Oct. This species is cultivated as an ornamental for its showy spring
flowers.
● Slopes, forest margins, roadsides, widely cultivated; 900–2500
m. Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, 5. Chaenomeles thibetica T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 234.
Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang. 1963.
4. Chaenomeles japonica (Thunberg) Lindley ex Spach, Hist. 西藏木瓜 xi zang mu gua
Nat. Vég. 2: 159. 1834.
Shrubs or small trees, 1.5–3 m tall, usually with many
和圆子 he yuan zi thorns. Branchlets red or purplish brown when young, blackish
brown when old, terete, with sparse, oblong lenticels; buds red-
Pyrus japonica Thunberg, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci.
dish brown, triangular, with few scales, apex obtuse. Stipules
Upsal. 3: 208. 1780; Chaenomeles maulei (Masters) C. K.
subfalcate or subreniform, large, ca. 1 × 1.2 cm, herbaceous,
Schneider; Cydonia japonica (Thunberg) Persoon; Pyrus mau-
margin irregularly serrate, apex acute, rarely obtuse; petiole
lei Masters.
short, 1–1.6 cm, initially brown tomentose, soon glabrous; leaf
Shrubs to 1 m tall, with slender thorns. Branches spread- blade dark green adaxially, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lan-
ing; branchlets purple when young, blackish brown when old, ceolate, 6–8.5 × 1.8–3.5 cm, leathery, midvein and lateral veins
terete, scabrous and tomentose when young, verruculose, and conspicuous abaxially and impressed adaxially, abaxially
glabrous when old; buds purple, triangular-ovate, glabrous, densely brown tomentose, base cuneate, margin entire, apex
apex acute. Stipules reniform, ca. 1 cm, herbaceous, glabrous, acute. Pedicel short. Flowers 3- or 4-fascicled. Hypanthium
margin serrate, apex obtuse; petiole ca. 5 mm, glabrous; leaf campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals reflexed, triangular, ca.
blade obovate or spatulate to broadly ovate, 3–5 × 2–3 cm, 2 mm, glabrous. Petals and stamens not seen. Styles 5, connate
glabrous, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, margin crenate, apex and densely gray pubescent at base. Pome fragrant, yellow, ob-
obtuse or acute. Pedicel short or nearly absent, glabrous. Flow- long or pear-shaped, 5–9 cm in diam., sepals caducous; fruiting
ers 3–5-fascicled, 2.5–4 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, pedicel short. Fl. Jul, fr. Sep–Oct.
abaxially glabrous. Sepals ovate, rarely suborbicular, 4–5 mm,
● Among shrubs on slopes or in valleys; 2600–3800 m. W Si-
abaxially glabrous, adaxially and margin brown pubescent. Pet-
chuan, E Xizang.
als dark red, obovate or suborbicular. Stamens 40–60, ca. 1/2 as
long as petals. Styles ca. as long as stamens, connate at base, Yu and Lu (in FRPS 36: 354. 1974) suggested that this species is a
glabrous. Pome yellow, subglobose, 3–4 cm in diam.; sepals hybrid between Chaenomeles cathayensis and Docynia delavayi.

22. PYRUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 479. 1753.

梨属 li shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Stephen A. Spongberg
Trees or shrubs, deciduous, rarely semievergreen, sometimes armed. Leaves alternate, simple, petiolate, stipulate, involute in
bud, venation camptodromous, margin serrate or entire, rarely lobed. Inflorescences corymbose-racemose. Flowers precocious or
synantherous. Hypanthium cupular. Sepals 5, reflexed or spreading. Petals 5, white, rarely pink, clawed. Stamens 15–30; anthers usu-
ally dark red or purple. Ovary inferior, 2–5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 2–5, free. Pome with juicy pulp, rich in stone
cells, 2–5-celled, with cartilaginous endocarp (core), with persistent or caducous sepals; seeds black or blackish brown, seed coat car-
tilaginous; cotyledons plano-convex.
About 25 species: N Africa, Asia, Europe; 15 species (nine endemic) in China.

Pyrus taihangshanensis S. Y. Wang & C. L. Chang (J. Henan Agric. Coll. 1980(2): 10. 1980), described from Henan, requires further study. We
are unable to treat it in this account because we have seen no specimens. The same applies to Pyrus aria var. silvestrii Pampanini (Nuovo Giorn. Bot.
Ital., n.s., 17: 290. 1910), described from Hubei, which may belong to Sorbus.

1a. Pome with few persistent sepals, most sepals caducous; styles 2–5.
2a. Leaf margin spiny serrate; styles 4 or 5.
3a. Pome yellow; leaf basally broadly cuneate .......................................................................................... 10. P. bretschneideri
3b. Pome brown; leaf basally rounded or subcordate ........................................................................................... 11. P. pyrifolia
2b. Leaf margin serrate or obtusely serrate, and without spines; styles 2–4(or 5).
4a. Leaf margin serrate.
5a. Pome subglobose, 0.5–1 cm in diam., 2- or 3-loculed; young branches, corymbs, and leaves
abaxially tomentose ............................................................................................................................... 12. P. betulifolia
 ROSACEAE

5b. Pome globose or ovoid, 2–2.5 cm in diam., 3- or 4-loculed; young branches, corymbs, and leaves
abaxially initially tomentose, glabrescent .......................................................................................... 13. P. phaeocarpa
4b. Leaf margin obtusely serrate.
6a. Stamens 20; styles 2 or 3; leaves and corymb glabrous ...................................................................... 14. P. calleryana
6b. Stamens 25–30; styles 3–5; leaves and corymb initially pubescent, glabrescent ...................................... 15. P. pashia
1b. Pome with persistent sepals; styles 3–5.
7a. Leaf margin spiny-serrate.
8a. Leaf blade long spiny-serrate, 5–10 cm; styles 5; pome yellow; fruiting pedicel 1–2 cm .......................... 1. P. ussuriensis
8b. Leaf blade shortly spiny-serrate, 4–7 cm; styles 4; pome brown; fruiting pedicel longer, (1.5–)3 cm ........ 2. P. hopeiensis
7b. Leaf margin serrulate or obtusely serrate, not spinulose.
9a. Leaf margin serrulate.
10a. Pome yellowish green, ovoid or obovoid, 5-loculed; fruiting pedicel 4–5 cm, thickened
distally .............................................................................................................................................. 3. P. sinkiangensis
10b. Pome brown, subglobose or obovoid, 3- or 4-loculed; fruiting pedicel 3–4 cm, not thickened
distally ..................................................................................................................................................... 4. P. serrulata
9b. Leaf margin obtusely serrate.
11a. Pome yellowish green; petals obovate; flowers 7–10.
12a. Pome obovoid or subglobose; leaf blade elliptic to ovate; petiole thin, 1.5–5 cm ..................... 5. P. communis
12b. Pome depressed-globose; leaf blade broadly ovate to suborbicular; petiole thick, 2–3 cm
................................................................................................................................................ 6. P. armeniacifolia
11b. Pome brown; petals broadly ovate; flowers 3–6.
13a. Stamens 25; pome 1.5–2.5 cm in diam. ................................................................................ 7. P. pseudopashia
13b. Stamens 20; pome 1–1.5 cm in diam.
14a. Pome 4- or 5-loculed; flowers 3–6 in umbel-like racemes, petiole and leaves
glabrous ............................................................................................................................... 8. P. xerophila
14b. Pome 3-loculed; flowers 8–10 in corymbs, petiole and leaf blade abaxially sparsely
pubescent ........................................................................................................................... 9. P. trilocularis
1. Pyrus ussuriensis Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint- Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaan-
Pétersbourg, sér. 2, 15: 132. 1856. xi, Shandong, Shanxi [Korea, Russia].

秋子梨 qiu zi li This species has many cultivated forms, the fruit of which are edi-
ble; it is commonly cultivated in N, NE, and NW China. It is often used
Pyrus simonii Carrière; P. sinensis Lindley var. ussurien- as stock for grafting pear cultivars.
sis Makino.
Pyrus ussuriensis var. ovoidea Rehder (J. Arnold Arbor. 2: 60.
Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets yellowish gray to purplish 1920) is, in fact, a cultivar of P. ussuriensis. It is characterized by its
brown when young, yellowish gray or yellowish brown when ovoid, subglobose, or ellipsoid fruit, longer fruiting pedicels (2–4 cm)
old, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, sparsely lenticellate; buds and tomentose leaves and corymb.
ovoid, apex obtuse; scales sparsely pubescent or subglabrous at Pyrus lindleyi Rehder (Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 50: 230. 1915; P.
margin. Stipules caducous, linear-lanceolate, 0.8–1.3 cm, mem- sinensis Lindley, Trans. Hort. Soc. London 6: 396. 1826, not Dumont de
branous, margin glandular denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole Courset, 1811, nor Thouin, 1812, nor Poiret, 1816, nor P. chinensis
2–5 cm, tomentose when young, soon glabrescent; leaf blade Sprengel, 1825) might be similar to P. ussuriensis, but material was not
ovate to broadly ovate 5–10 × 4–6 cm, glabrous or tomentose available for study.
when young, soon glabrescent, base rounded or subcordate, 2. Pyrus hopeiensis T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin 8: 232. 1963.
margin long spinulose-serrate, apex shortly acuminate or cau-
date-acuminate. Corymb densely 5–7-flowered; peduncle tome- 河北梨 he bei li
ntose when young, soon glabrescent; bracts caducous, membra-
Pyrus hopeiensis var. peninsula D. K. Zang &W. D. Peng.
nous, linear-lanceolate, 1.2–1.8 cm, margin entire, apex acumi-
nate. Pedicel 2–5 cm, tomentose, soon glabrescent. Flower 3– Trees to 6–8 m tall. Branchlets dark purple or purplish
3.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially glabrous brown, sparsely white lenticellate, apices often becoming thorn-
or slightly tomentose. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, 5–8 mm, like; buds oblong-ovoid or triangular-ovoid, glabrous or scales
abaxially glabrous, adaxially tomentose, margin initially gland- slightly tomentose at margin and apex, apex acute. Stipules
ular denticulate, apex acuminate. Petals white, obovate or caducous, linear-lanceolate, 7–11 mm, herbaceous, margin
broadly ovate, ca. 1.8 × 1.2 cm, glabrous. Stamens 20, shorter sparsely serrate, apex acuminate; petiole 2–4.5 cm, sparsely
than petals. Ovary 5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 5, pubescent or glabrous; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, or sub-
nearly as long as stamens, sparsely pubescent near base. Pome orbicular, 4–7 × 4–5 cm, lateral veins 8–10 pairs, glabrous, base
yellow, subglobose, 2–6 cm in diam., 5-loculed; fruiting pedicel rounded or subcordate, margin shortly spinulose-serrate, apex
1–3 cm, glabrous; sepals persistent. Fl. May, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = long or shortly acuminate. Raceme umbel-like, 6–8-flowered;
34*, 51*. peduncle sparsely pubescent or subglabrous; bracts caducous,
 ROSACEAE

linear-lanceolate, 6–9 mm, membranous, villous, margin ser- pairs, abaxially brown tomentose when young, soon glabre-
rate, apex acuminate. Pedicel 1.2–1.5 cm, subglabrous. Flower scent, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margin serrulate, apex
2.5–3 cm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, subglabrous. Sepals tri- acuminate. Raceme umbel-like, 6–11-flowered; peduncle
angular-ovate, abaxially sparsely pubescent, adaxially densely brown tomentose, soon glabrescent; bracts caducous, linear-
pubescent, margin denticulate, apex acuminate. Petals white, el- lanceolate, 5–10 mm, membranous, adaxially brown lanate,
liptic-obovate, ca. 8 × 6 mm, shortly clawed at base. Stamens margin glandular denticulate, apex acuminate. Pedicel 3–5 cm,
20, less than 1/2 as long as petals. Ovary 4(or 5)-loculed, with 2 brown tomentose, soon glabrescent. Flowers 2–3 cm in diam.
ovules per locule; styles 4, nearly as long as stamens, glabrous. Hypanthium sparsely tomentose abaxially. Sepals persistent or
Pome brown, spotted, globose or ovoid, 1.5–2.5 cm in diam., caducous, triangular-ovate, ca. 3 mm, abaxially sparsely tomen-
4(or 5)-loculed; fruiting pedicel 1.5–3 cm, glabrous; sepals per- tose, adaxially tomentose, margin glandular denticulate, apex
sistent. Fl. Apr, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*. acuminate or acute. Petals white, broadly ovate, 1–1.2 cm,
shortly clawed at base, apex rounded. Stamens 20, ca. 1/2 as
● Thicket margins on slopes; 100–800 m. Hebei, Shandong.
long as petals. Ovary 3(or 4)-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule;
3. Pyrus sinkiangensis T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 233. styles 3(or 4), ca. as long as stamens, sparsely pubescent
1963. basally. Pome dark brown, subglobose or obovoid, 1.5–2.2 cm
in diam., 3- or 4-loculed, with persistent sepals or sometimes a
新疆梨 xin jiang li
few caducous; fruiting pedicel 3–4 cm, subglabrous. Fl. Apr, fr.
Trees to 6–9 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown or grayish Jun–Aug. 2n = 34*.
brown, terete, glabrous, white lenticellate; buds ovoid, apex ● Among shrubs, forest margins, thickets; 100–1600 m. Fujian,
acute; scales white pubescent at margin. Stipules caducous, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhe-
linear-lanceolate, 8–10 mm, membranous, white tomentose, jiang.
margin sparsely glandular denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole
3–5 cm, white tomentose when young, soon glabrous; leaf This species is similar to Pyrus pyrifolia, which differs by its spin-
ulose-serrate leaves, larger, 5-styled flowers, long acuminate sepals, and
blade ovate, elliptic, or broadly ovate, 6–8 × 3.5–5 cm, glabrous
larger, brownish fruit.
or white tomentose when young, base rounded, rarely broadly
cuneate, margin crenate or subentire basally, serrulate apically, 5. Pyrus communis Linnaeus var. sativa (Candolle) Candolle,
apex shortly acuminate. Raceme umbel-like, 4–7-flowered; pe- Prodr. 2: 643. 1825.
duncle tomentose when young, glabrescent; bracts caducous,
西洋梨 xi yang li
linear-lanceolate, 1–1.3 cm, membranous, margin sparsely
glandular denticulate and long tomentose, apex acuminate. Ped- Pyrus sativa Candolle, Fl. France 4: 430. 1805.
icel 1.5–4 cm, tomentose when young, glabrescent. Flowers
1.5–2.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, abaxially glabrous. Trees to 15 m tall, rarely to 30 m tall, sometimes armed.
Sepals triangular-ovate, 6–7 mm, abaxially brown tomentose, Branchlets grayish brown or dark brownish red when old, gla-
margin glandular denticulate, apex acuminate. Petals white, brous or slightly pubescent when young; buds ovoid, apex ob-
obovate, 1.2–1.5 × 0.8–1 cm, shortly clawed at base, apex ob- tuse, glabrous or subglabrous. Stipules caducous, linear-lanceo-
tusely rounded. Stamens 20, less than or ca. 1/2 as long as late, ca. 1 cm, membranous, slightly pubescent, margin sparsely
petals. Ovary 5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 5, not glandular denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole 1.5–5 cm, slen-
exceeding stamens, pubescent basally. Pome yellowish green, der, slightly pubescent when young, soon glabrescent; leaf
ovoid or obovoid, 2.5–5 cm in diam., 5-loculed; fruiting pedicel blade ovate or subrounded to elliptic, 2–5(–7) × 1.5–2.5 cm,
4–5 cm, thickened distally, glabrescent; sepals persistent. Fl. pubescent when young, soon only abaxially pubescent along
Apr, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*, 51*. midvein, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin obtusely
serrate, rarely entire, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Raceme
● 200–1100 m. Native in Xinjiang; cultivated in Gansu, Qinghai, umbel-like, 6–9-flowered; peduncle pubescent or subglabrous;
Shaanxi. bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm, membranous,
This species might be a natural hybrid between Pyrus communis brown pubescent, margin sparsely glandular serrate, apex acute
and P. bretschneideri. or acuminate. Pedicel 2–3.5 cm, pubescent or subglabrous.
Flowers 2.5–3 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially
4. Pyrus serrulata Rehder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 50: 234.
pubescent. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, 5–9 mm, both surfaces
1915.
pubescent, margin sparsely glandular denticulate when young,
麻梨 ma li apex acuminate. Petals white, obovate, 1.3–1.5 × 1–1.3 cm,
base shortly clawed. Stamens ca. 20, ca. 1/2 as long as petals.
Trees to 8–10 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown when old,
Ovary 5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 5, nearly as
terete, brown tomentose when young, glabrous when old,
long as stamens, pubescent basally. Pome obovoid or subglo-
sparsely white lenticellate; buds ovoid, apex acute; scales adax-
bose, 3–5 × 1.5–2 cm, 5-loculed, green or yellow, rarely red-
ially tawny tomentose. Stipules caducous, linear-lanceolate,
dish, dotted; fruiting pedicel 2–3.5 cm, subglabrous; sepals per-
membranous, adaxially brown tomentose, margin sparsely
sistent. Fl. Apr, fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 34*.
glandular denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole 3.5–7.5 cm,
brown tomentose when young, soon glabrescent; leaf blade Commonly cultivated in N, NE, and SW China [Bhutan, Russia,
ovate or narrowly ovate, 5–11 × 3.5–7.5 cm, lateral veins 7–13 Sikkim, Vietnam; SW Asia, Europe].
 ROSACEAE

This variety includes many important cultivated forms with ex- pale dots, subglobose, 1.5–2.5 cm in diam., 3- or 4-loculed;
cellent fruit. sepals persistent; fruiting pedicel 3–4.5 cm, thickened distally,
6. Pyrus armeniacifolia T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 231. glabrous. Fl. Apr, fr. Aug–Sep.
1963. ● In mixed forests, thickets; 500–3000 m. Guizhou, Yunnan.
杏叶梨 xing ye li This species is similar to Pyrus pashia var. pashia, which differs
by its smaller leaves, tomentose pedicels, caducous sepals, and smaller
Trees to 8–12 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown when fruit.
young, dark gray or reddish brown when old, terete, glabrous,
sparsely lenticellate; buds narrowly ovoid, sparsely tomentose 8. Pyrus xerophila T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 233. 1963.
only at margin of scales, apex acuminate. Stipules caducous, 木梨 mu li
linear-lanceolate, 5–8 mm, membranous, pilose, margin serrate,
apex acuminate; petiole 2–3 cm, thick, glabrous; leaf blade Trees to 8–10 m tall. Branchlets slightly curved, robust,
broadly ovate or suborbicular, 4–5 × 4–5 cm, lateral veins 8–10 glabrous or sparsely pubescent, brownish gray when old,
pairs, both surfaces glabrous, base rounded or truncate, margin sparsely white lenticellate; buds ovoid, small, glabrous or scales
obtusely serrate, apex acute or rounded-obtuse. Raceme umbel- pubescent at margin and apex, apex acute. Stipules caducous,
like, 6–10-flowered; peduncle glabrous or subglabrous; bracts linear-lanceolate, 6–10 mm, membranous, adaxially white la-
caducous, linear-lanceolate, 5–8 mm, membranous, margin nate, soon glabrescent, margin glandular denticulate, apex acu-
sparsely glandular serrate when young, apex acuminate. Pedicel minate; petiole 2.5–5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate or narrowly
2.3–3 cm, subglabrous. Flowers 2–3 cm. Hypanthium cupular, ovate, rarely narrowly elliptic, 4–7 × 2.5–4 cm, glabrous or
abaxially glabrous. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, ca. 6 mm, adaxially those of branchlets pubescent, base rounded, margin obtusely
brown tomentose, margin entire, apex acuminate. Petals white, serrate, rarely sparsely serrulate toward apex, apex acumi-
obovate or broadly obovate, 1–1.5 × 0.7–0.9 cm, base shortly nate, rarely acute. Raceme umbel-like, 3–6-flowered; peduncle
clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 20–22, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. sparsely pubescent, soon glabrescent; bracts caducous, linear-
Ovary 3- or 4-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 4 or 5, lanceolate, 6–10 mm, membranous, adaxially white lanate,
nearly as long as stamens, glabrous. Pome yellowish green, soon glabrescent, margin glandular denticulate, apex acuminate.
Pedicel 2–3 cm, sparsely hairy, soon glabrescent. Flowers 2–2.5
with few dots, depressed-globose, 2.5–3 cm in diam., 4- or 5-
cm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, abaxially glabrous or subgla-
loculed; fruiting pedicel 2.5–3 cm, glabrous; sepals persistent.
brous. Sepals triangular-ovate, 2–3 mm, abaxially glabrous,
Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 51*.
adaxially tomentose, margin glandular denticulate, apex acu-
● Cultivated in orchards. N Xinjiang (Tacheng Xian). minate. Petals white, broadly ovate, 9–10 mm, base shortly
This species is characterized by its broadly ovate or suborbicular
clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 20, slightly shorter than petals.
leaves, and might be allied to Pyrus xerophila, differing in its ovate or Ovary (4- or)5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles (4 or)5,
narrowly ovate leaf blade with serrate margin and acuminate apex, and nearly as long as stamens, sparsely pubescent basally. Pome
ovoid or ellipsoid fruit. brown with few pale dots, ovoid or ellipsoid, 1–1.5 cm in
diam., 4- or 5-loculed; fruiting pedicel 2–3.5 cm; sepals persist-
7. Pyrus pseudopashia T. T. Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 232. ent. Fl. Apr, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*, 51*.
1963.
● Slopes, among shrubs, forests; 500–2000 m. Gansu, Henan,
滇梨 dian li Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Xizang.
Trees 5–10 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown when old, In NW China, this species is often used as stock for grafting pear
terete, sparsely yellow lanate when young, soon glabrescent, cultivars.
glabrous when old, sparsely pale lenticellate; buds ovoid, apex 9. Pyrus trilocularis D. K. Zang & P. C. Huang, Bull. Bot.
acuminate; scales pubescent at margin. Stipules caducous, not Res., Harbin 12: 321. 1992.
seen; petiole 1.5–3.5 cm, yellow lanate or subglabrous; leaf
blade ovate or narrowly ovate, rarely lanceolate-ovate, 6–8 × 崂山梨 lao shan li
3.5–4.5 cm, lateral veins 7–12 conspicuous pairs, abaxially
Trees small, 4–6 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown to pur-
initially yellow lanate, glabrescent, adaxially glabrous, base plish brown, glabrous. Stipules not seen; petiole slender, slight-
rounded or broadly cuneate, margin obtusely serrate, apex acute ly villous; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, 10–15 × 3–5 cm, abaxi-
or rounded-obtuse. Raceme umbel-like, 5–7-flowered; peduncle ally sparsely villous, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate
lanate when young, soon glabrescent; bracts caducous, not seen. or rounded, margin obtusely serrate, apex acute or shortly acu-
Pedicel 2–3 cm, initially sparsely lanate. Flowers 9–12 in diam. minate. Flowers not seen. Infructescence a corymb, 8–10-fruit-
Hypanthium campanulate, lanate when young, soon glabre- ed. Pome purplish brown at maturity, subglobose, 1–1.5 cm in
scent. Sepals triangular-ovate, ca. 2–3 mm, abaxially sparsely diam., 3-loculed; sepals persistent, revolute, abaxially glabrous,
lanate, adaxially densely, margin sparsely glandular denticulate, adaxially densely tomentose.
apex acute or obtuse. Petals white, broadly ovate, 5–8 mm, base
shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 25, ca. 1/2 as long as ● 200–300 m. E Shandong (Lao Shan).
petals. Ovary 3- or 4-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 3 The present authors have seen no specimens of this species; the
or 4, nearly as long as stamens, glabrous. Pome brown, with above description is based on the protologue.
 ROSACEAE

10. Pyrus bretschneideri Rehder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 50: rarely 4, nearly as long as stamens, glabrous. Pome brownish,
231. 1915. with pale dots, subglobose, 2–2.5 cm in diam., (4- or)5-loculed;
sepals caducous; fruiting pedicel 3.5–5.5 cm, subglabrous. Fl.
白梨 bai li
Apr, fr. Aug. 2n = 34*, 51*.
Trees to 5–8 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown when old,
Warm rainy regions; 100–1400 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong,
terete, robust, densely pubescent when young, glabrous when Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan,
old, sparsely lenticellate; buds dark purple, ovoid, apex obtuse; Zhejiang [Laos, Vietnam].
scales pubescent at margin and apex. Stipules caducous, linear
or linear-lanceolate, 1–1.3 cm, membranous, pubescent, margin Many varieties of pear cultivated in the regions of the Chang Jiang
and Zhu Jiang rivers belong to this species.
glandular denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole 2.5–7 cm, dense-
ly tomentose when young, soon glabrescent; leaf blade ovate or 12. Pyrus betulifolia Bunge, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Péters-
elliptic-ovate, 5–11 × 3.5–6 cm, both surfaces tomentose when bourg Divers Savans 20: 101. 1835.
young, soon glabrescent, base broadly cuneate, rarely sub-
杜梨 du li
rounded, margin spinulose-serrate, apex acuminate, rarely acute.
Raceme umbel-like, 7–10-flowered; peduncle tomentose when Trees to 10 m tall, often spinescent. Branchlets purplish
young, soon glabrescent; bracts caducous, linear, 1–1.5 cm, brown when old, terete, gray tomentose when young, sparsely
membranous, adaxially brown tomentose, margin entire, apex tomentose or glabrous when old, sparsely lenticellate; buds
acuminate. Pedicel 1.5–3 cm, pubescent when young. Flowers ovoid, abaxially gray tomentose, apex acuminate. Stipules cad-
2–3.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, slightly pubescent ucous, linear-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, membranous, both surfaces
when young. Sepals triangular, 3.5–5 mm, abaxially glabrous, tomentose, margin initially glandular serrate, apex acuminate;
adaxially brown tomentose, margin glandular denticulate, apex petiole 2–3 cm, gray tomentose; leaf blade rhomboidal-ovate or
acuminate. Petals white, ovate, 1.2–1.4 × 1–1.2 cm, base short- oblong-ovate, 4–8 × 2.5–3.5 cm, abaxially sparsely tomentose
ly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 20, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. or subglabrous, adaxially gray tomentose when young, glabrous
Ovary 5- or 4-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 5 or 4, and shiny when old, base broadly cuneate, rarely subrounded,
ca. as long as stamens, glabrous. Pome yellow, with fine dots, margin serrate, apex acuminate. Raceme umbel-like, 10–15-
ovoid or subglobose, 2–2.5 cm in diam., 4- or 5-loculed; sepals flowered; peduncle gray tomentose; bracts caducous, linear, 5–
caducous; fruiting pedicel 1.5–3 cm, glabrous. Fl. Apr, fr. Aug– 8 mm, membranous, both surfaces slightly tomentose, margin
Sep. 2n = 34*, 51*, 68*. entire, apex acuminate. Pedicel 2–2.5 cm, densely gray tomen-
tose when young. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam. Hypanthium cup-
● Slopes, dry cold regions; 100–2000 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan,
Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang.
ular, abaxially gray tomentose. Sepals triangular-ovate, ca. 3
mm, both surfaces tomentose, margin entire, apex acute. Petals
This species is commonly cultivated in N China, preferring sunny, white, broadly ovate, 5–8 × 3–4 mm, base shortly clawed, apex
dry, loamy soils. It includes many important forms with excellent fruit. rounded. Stamens 20, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Ovary 2- or 3-
11. Pyrus pyrifolia (N. L. Burman) Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 2 or 3, nearly as long as
40: 564. 1926. stamens, sparsely pubescent basally. Pome brown, with pale
dots, subglobose, 5–10 mm in diam., 2- or 3-loculed; sepals
沙梨 sha li caducous; fruiting pedicels 1–2.5 cm, gray tomentose when
Ficus pyrifolia N. L. Burman, Fl. Ind. 226. 1768; Pyrus young, glabrescent. Fl. Apr, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*.
serotina Rehder. Open slopes, plains; sea level to 1800 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou,
Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi,
Trees to 7–15 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown or dark Shandong, Shanxi, Xizang, Zhejiang [Laos].
brown when old, terete, tawny villous or tawny tomentose
when young, soon glabrescent, glabrous when old, sparsely len- This species is a common tree in N China, and is often planted in
ticellate; buds narrowly ovoid, apex obtuse; scales tomentose at gardens and parks for ornamental purposes, preferring sunny, dry, sandy,
loamy soils. It is usually used as stock to graft various pear cultivars.
margin and apex. Stipules caducous, linear-lanceolate, 1–1.5
cm, membranous, margin villous and entire, apex acuminate; 13. Pyrus phaeocarpa Rehder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts. 50:
petiole 3–4.5 cm, initially tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blade 235. 1915.
ovate-elliptic or ovate, 7–12 × 4–6.5 cm, glabrous or brown
lanate when young, base rounded or subcordate, rarely broadly 褐梨 he li
cuneate, margin spinulose-serrate, apex acute. Raceme umbel- Trees to 5–8 m tall. Branchlets purplish red when young,
like, 6–9-flowered; peduncle sparsely pubescent when young; purplish brown when old, terete, white tomentose when young,
bracts caducous, linear, 1–1.4 cm, membranous, villous at glabrous when old, sparsely pale lenticellate; buds narrowly
margin, apex acuminate. Pedicel 3.5–5 cm, sparsely pubescent ovoid, apex obtuse; scales tomentose at margin. Stipules
when young. Flowers 2.5–3.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, caducous, linear-lanceolate, 1–2 mm, membranous, adaxially
abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular-ovate, ca. 5 mm, abaxially sparsely tomentose, margin sparsely glandular denticulate, apex
glabrous, adaxially brown tomentose, margin glandular dentic- acuminate; petiole 2–6 cm, sparsely pubescent or subglabrous;
ulate, apex acuminate. Petals white, ovate, 1.5–1.7 cm, base leaf blade elliptic-ovate or narrowly ovate, 6–10 × 3.5–5 cm,
shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 20, ca. 1/2 as long as sparsely tomentose when young, soon glabrescent, base broadly
petals. Ovary 5- or 4-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 5, cuneate, margin serrate, apex long acuminate. Raceme umbel-
 ROSACEAE

like, 5–8-flowered; peduncle tomentose when young, soon gla- 3a. Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate
brescent; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, 8–11 mm, mem- or oblong-lanceolate ............. 14b. var. lanceata
branous, adaxially villous, margin entire, apex acuminate. 3b. Leaf blade broadly ovate, rarely
Pedicel 2–2.5 cm, subglabrous. Flowers ca. 3 cm in diam. Hy- narrowly elliptic-ovate ....... 14a. var. calleryana
panthium campanulate, abaxially white tomentose. Sepals tri-
angular-lanceolate, 2–3 mm, adaxially tomentose, margin en- 14a. Pyrus calleryana var. calleryana
tire, apex acuminate. Petals white, ovate, 1–1.5 cm, base shortly 豆梨(原变种) dou li (yuan bian zhong)
clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 20, ca. 1/2 as long as petals.
Ovary (2- or)3- or 4-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles (2 Pyrus calleryana var. calleryana f. tomentella Rehder; P.
or)3 or 4, nearly as long as stamens, glabrous basally. Pome kawakamii Hayata.
brown with pale dots, globose or ovoid, 2–2.5 cm in diam., 3- Leaf blade ovate to broadly ovate, rarely narrowly elliptic-
or 4-loculed; sepals caducous; fruiting pedicel 2–4 cm, gla- ovate, glabrous or rusty tomentose, soon glabrescent, margin
brous. Fl. Apr, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*. obtusely serrate, base rounded or broadly cuneate. Fruiting ped-
● Slopes, mixed hillside forests of the Loess Plateau; 100–1200 m icel and hypanthium abaxially glabrous or sparsely tomentose.
Gansu, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang.
Slopes, plains, mixed valley forests; 100–1800 m. Anhui, Fujian,
This species is often used as stock to graft pear cultivars. Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shan-
dong, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Vietnam].
14. Pyrus calleryana Decaisne, Jard. Fruit. 1: 329. 1871–72.
14b. Pyrus calleryana var. lanceata Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor.
豆梨 dou li
7: 28. 1926.
Trees 5–8 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown when young,
grayish brown when old, terete, initially tomentose, soon gla- 柳叶豆梨 liu ye dou li
brescent, glabrous when old; buds triangular-ovoid, sparsely to- Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, margin
mentose, apex shortly acuminate. Stipules caducous, linear-lan- shallowly serrate or nearly entire.
ceolate, 4–7 cm, herbaceous, glabrous, margin entire, apex acu-
minate; petiole 2–4 cm, glabrous; leaf blade broadly ovate or ● Anhui, Fujian, Zhejiang.
ovate, rarely narrowly elliptic, 4–8 × 3.5–6 cm, glabrous, base 14c. Pyrus calleryana var. integrifolia T. T. Yu, Acta Phyto-
rounded or broadly cuneate, margin obtusely serrate, apex acu- tax. Sin. 8: 232. 1963.
minate, rarely acute. Raceme umbel-like, 6–12-flowered; pe-
duncle glabrous; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, 0.8–1.3 cm, 全缘叶豆梨 quan yuan ye dou li
membranous, adaxially tomentose, margin initially glandular Leaf blade ovate, margin entire, base obtusely rounded.
serrate, apex acuminate. Pedicel 1.5–3 cm, glabrous. Flowers
2–2.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, glabrous. Sepals lan- ● Jiangsu, Zhejiang.
ceolate, ca. 5 mm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially tomentose, 14d. Pyrus calleryana var. koehnei (C. K. Schneider) T. T.
margin entire, apex acuminate. Petals white, ovate, ca. 1.3 × 1 Yu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 370. 1974.
cm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 20, slightly
shorter than petals. Ovary 2(or 3)-loculed, with 2 ovules per 楔叶豆梨 qi ye dou li
locule; styles 2(or 3), nearly as long as stamens, glabrous ba- Pyrus koehnei C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1:
sally. Pome blackish brown with pale dots, globose, ca. 1 cm in
665. 1906.
diam., 2(or 3)-loculed; sepals caducous; fruiting pedicel 1.5–3
cm, glabrous. Fl. Apr, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*. Leaf blade cuneate at base. Ovary 3- or 4-loculed.
Slopes, plains, mixed valley forests, thickets; 100–1800 m. Anhui, ● Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang.
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S
Shaanxi (Qin Ling), Shandong, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Vietnam]. 15. Pyrus pashia Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl.
Nepal. 236. 1825.
The wood of this species is hard and close-grained, and is some-
times used for making furniture and stools. It is often used as stock to 川梨 chuan li
graft Pyrus pyrifolia.
Trees to 12 m tall, with branches often armed. Branchlets
Pyrus taiwanensis Iketani & H. Ohashi (J. Jap. Bot. 68: 40. 1993), purplish brown or dark brown when old, terete, lanate when
described from Taiwan, might be an allied species or an ecotype of P.
young, glabrous when old; buds ovoid, apex obtuse; scales
calleryana.
puberulous along margin. Stipules caducous, linear-lanceolate,
1a. Leaf basally cuneate; ovary 3- or 4–8 mm, membranous, adaxially pubescent, margin entire, apex
4-loculed .................................................. 14d. var. koehnei acuminate; petiole 1.5–3 cm, initially pilose, soon glabrescent;
1b. Leaf basally rounded to broadly cuneate; leaf blade ovate or narrowly ovate, rarely elliptic, 4–7 × 2–5
ovary 2(or 3)-loculed. cm, tomentose when young, glabrescent, base rounded, rarely
2a. Leaf margin entire, blade usually broadly cuneate, margin obtusely serrate, apex acuminate or
ovate ........................................... 14c. var. integrifolia acute. Raceme umbel-like, 7–13-flowered; peduncle initially to-
2b. Leaf margin serrate, blade ovate- mentose, glabrescent; bracts caducous, linear, 8–10 mm, mem-
lanceolate or broadly ovate. branous, both surfaces tomentose, margin entire, apex acumi-
 ROSACEAE

nate. Pedicel 2–3 cm, initially tomentose, glabrescent. Flowers 川梨(原变种) chuan li (yuan bian zhong)
2–5 cm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, abaxially tomentose. Se-
Pyrus nepalensis Hortorum ex Decaisne; P. variolosa
pals triangular, 3–6 mm, both surfaces tomentose, margin en-
Wallich ex G. Don.
tire, apex acute, acuminate, or obtuse. Petals white, obovate, 8–
10 × 4–6 mm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 25– Branchlets and inflorescences lanose.
30, slightly shorter than petals. Ovary 3–5-loculed, with 2
Valleys, among shrubs; 600–3000 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan
ovules per locule; styles 3–5, nearly as long as stamens, gla- [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, W Pakistan, Sikkim,
brous. Pome brown, with pale dots, subglobose, 1–1.5 cm in Thailand, Vietnam].
diam.; sepals caducous; fruiting pedicel 2–3 cm, subglabrous.
Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*. 15b. Pyrus pashia var. obtusata Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3:
346. 1918.
Valleys, among shrubs; 600–3000 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang,
Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, W Pakistan, 钝叶川梨 dun ye chuan li
Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam].
Branchlets and inflorescences tomentose. Sepals obtuse,
This tree is cultivated in Yunnan, and is often used as stock for
rarely acute or acuminate at apex.
grafting pear cultivars.
● Sichuan, Yunnan.
1a. Leaves and inflorescence glabrous ........ 15c. var. kumaoni
1b. Leaves and inflorescence pubescent at 15c. Pyrus pashia var. kumaoni Stapf, Bot. Mag. 135: t. 8256.
least when young. 1909.
2a. Flowers large, ca. 3 cm in diam.,
young leaves, petiole, pedicel, and 无毛川梨 wu mao chuan li
sepals adaxially rusty tomentose Leaf blades and inflorescences glabrous. Sepals ovate,
.................................................... 15d. var. grandiflora apex obtuse.
2b. Flowers smaller, 2–2.5 cm in
diam., sepals on both surfaces Yunnan [N India].
and leaves initially tomentose. 15d. Pyrus pashia var. grandiflora Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris)
3a. Sepals apically acute; branchlets 3: 346. 1918.
and inflorescence lanose .......... 15a. var. pashia
3b. Sepals apically obtuse, rarely acute 大花川梨 da hua chuan li
or acuminate; branchlets and Flowers large, ca. 3 cm in diam., leaf blade initially, peti-
inflorescence tomentose ........ 15b. var. obtusata ole, pedicel, and sepals adaxially rusty tomentose.
15a. Pyrus pashia var. pashia ● Guizhou, Yunnan.

23. MALUS Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4, [835]. 1754.

苹果属 ping guo shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Stephen A. Spongberg
Sinomalus Koidzumi.
Trees or shrubs, deciduous or semievergreen, usually unarmed; buds ovoid, with several imbricate scales. Leaves alternate, sim-
ple, petiolate, stipulate, venation craspedodromous or camptodromous and merely toothed, margin serrate or lobed, folded or con-
volute in bud. Inflorescences corymbose-racemose. Flowers pedicellate. Hypanthium bowl-shaped. Sepals 5, persistent or caducous.
Petals 5, white, pink, or red, suborbicular or obovate. Stamens 15–50, with white filaments and yellow anthers. Ovary inferior, 3–5-
loculed, with 2 ovules in each cell; styles 3–5, connate at base, glabrous or pubescent. Pome usually not containing stone cells or pre-
sent in a few species, 3–5-loculed, 1- or 2-seeded in each cell, with cartilaginous endocarp (core). Seeds brown or black, cotyledons
plano-convex.
About 55 species: widely distributed in N temperate zone; 26 species (16 endemic) in China.
1a. Leaf blade not lobed, convolute in bud; pome without stone cells.
2a. Sepals caducous in fruit; styles 3–5; pome usually less than 1.5 cm in diam.
3a. Sepals triangular-ovate, ca. as long as or slightly shorter than hypanthium.
4a. Hypanthium, sepals, branchlets, petiole, and pedicel tomentose ............................................................. 9. M. daochengensis
4b. Hypanthium and sepals abaxially glabrous; branchlets, petiole, and pedicel slightly pubescent when
young, soon glabrescent.
5a. Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, apex caudate-acuminate; pome cylindric ...................... 8. M. muliensis
5b. Leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, rarely narrowly elliptic, apex acuminate to long acuminate; pome
ellipsoid, pyriform, or subglobose, rarely obovoid.
6a. Leaf blade acutely serrulate; sepals apically acuminate or acute; styles 3, rarely 4; pome ellipsoid
to subglobose ............................................................................................................................................ 6. M. hupehensis
 ROSACEAE

6b. Leaf blade obtusely serrulate; sepals apically obtuse; styles 4 or 5; pome pyriform or obovoid ............... 7. M. halliana
3b. Sepals lanceolate, longer than hypanthium.
7a. Branchlets glabrous or puberulous; leaf blade initially puberulous, glabrescent or subglabrous later.
8a. Petiole, leaf veins, pedicel, and hypanthium often sparsely pubescent; pome ellipsoid or obovoid ....... 3. M. mandshurica
8b. Petiole, leaf veins, pedicel, and hypanthium glabrous; pome subglobose or obovoid.
9a. Sepals lanceolate, apex long acuminate; styles 5 or 4, basally densely villous, pome subglobose with
an obscure small scar at apex ......................................................................................................................... 1. M. baccata
9b. Sepals ovate, apex caudate, rarely acuminate; styles (3 or)4, basally slightly pilose or glabrous, pome
obovoid, with a large scar at apex ........................................................................................................... 2. M. jinxianensis
7b. Branchlets and leaf blade abaxially often tomentose or pubescent.
10a. Styles basally glabrous, pome obovoid or pyriform, white punctate; leaf blade abaxially densely
tomentose ................................................................................................................................................... 4. M. sikkimensis
10b. Styles basally pubescent or glabrous, pome subglobose, not punctate; leaf blade abaxially pubescent.
11a. Leaf margin appressed serrate, blade abaxially densely puberulous, base rounded or broadly cuneate;
petals white but pink abaxially; pome ovoid or subglobose, slightly convex at apex; sepals caducous ....... 5. M. rockii
11b. Leaf margin acutely serrate, blade abaxially pubescent when young, glabrescent, base cuneate;
petals pink; pome subglobose, impressed at apex; sepals caducous or persistent .......................... 15. M. ×micromalus
2b. Sepals persistent in fruit; styles (4 or)5; pome larger, usually more than 2 cm in diam.
12a. Sepals apically acute, shorter than or ca. as long as hypanthium.
13a. Leaf base broadly cuneate or subrounded; petiole 1.5–2 cm; pome yellow, without cavity at base;
sepals persistent ........................................................................................................................................... 14. M. spectabilis
13b. Leaf base cuneate; petiole 2–3.5 cm; pome red with cavity at base; sepals caducous or persistent ..... 15. M. ×micromalus
12b. Sepals apically acuminate, longer than hypanthium.
14a. Leaf margin obtusely serrate; pome depressed-globose or globose, often projected at apex.
15a. Cultivated species; pome large, with short pedicel; leaf blade serrate; branchlets, buds, and leaves with
many hairs ....................................................................................................................................................... 10. M. pumila
15b. Native species; pome small, with long pedicel; leaf blade serrulate; branchlets, buds, and leaves with
few hairs ........................................................................................................................................................ 11. M. sieversii
14b. Leaf margin often acutely serrate; pome ovoid, attenuate at apex, not or slightly projected at apex.
16a. Pome large, 4–5 cm in diam., with 1.5–2 cm pedicel; leaf blade abaxially densely puberulous ............... 12. M. asiatica
16b. Pome smaller, 2–2.5 cm in diam., with 3.2–3.5 cm pedicel; leaf blade abaxially puberulous or
subglabrous only along veins .................................................................................................................... 13. M. prunifolia
1b. Leaf blade usually lobed, rarely not lobed, folded in bud; pome without or with few stone cells.
17a. Sepals caducous.
18a. Styles basally villous; pome subglobose ........................................................................................................... 16. M. sieboldii
18b. Styles basally glabrous; pome ellipsoid or obovoid, rarely subglobose.
19a. Leaf blade often 3–5-lobed, doubly serrate at margin; pome with few stone cells.
20a. Lobes of leaf blade triangular-ovate; leaf blade rounded or truncate at base; fruiting pedicel 2–3.5
cm ............................................................................................................................................................. 17. M. kansuensis
20b. Lobes of leaf blade oblong-ovate; leaf blade cordate or subcordate at base; fruiting pedicel 1.2–1.5
cm .............................................................................................................................................................. 18. M. komarovii
19b. Leaf blade 3–5-parted, not doubly serrate at margin; pome without stone cells.
21a. Young branches puberulous, soon glabrescent; leaf blade undivided or sometimes parted, both
surfaces pubescent; flower 2–2.5 cm in diam. ....................................................................................... 19. M. toringoides
21b. Young branches tomentose; leaf blade parted, tomentose on both surfaces; flowers 1.5–2 cm in
diam. ......................................................................................................................................................... 20. M. transitoria
17b. Sepals persistent.
22a. Pome projected at apex, core separated.
23a. Pedicel, hypanthium, and sepals abaxially tomentose ................................................................................... 25. M. doumeri
23b. Pedicel, hypanthium, and sepals abaxially glabrous ................................................................................... 26. M. leiocalyca
22b. Pome with cupular cavity at apex, core not separated.
24a. Leaf margin not lobed; inflorescence subcorymbiform.
25a. Leaf margin serrulate, abaxially glabrous or sparsely puberulous; pome 1–1.5 cm in diam.; fruiting
pedicel glabrous ............................................................................................................................................... 21. M. prattii
25b. Leaf margin doubly serrate, abaxially tomentose; pome 1.5–2 cm in diam.; fruiting pedicel
villous ...................................................................................................................................................... 22. M. ombrophila
24b. Leaf margin 3–6-lobed, acutely doubly serrate; inflorescence subracemose.
26a. Styles 3 or 4; leaf blade abaxially puberulous; hypanthium and pedicel sparsely pubescent ................ 23. M. honanensis
26b. Styles 5; leaf blade abaxially tomentose; hypanthium and pedicel tomentose .................................... 24. M. yunnanensis
 ROSACEAE

1. Malus baccata (Linnaeus) Borkhausen, Theor. Prakt. Handb. Basionym: Malus baccata f. gracilis Rehder, J. Arnold
Forstbot. 2: 1280. 1803. Arbor. 2: 49. 1920.
山荆子 shan jing zi Trees, small, 4–6 m tall. Branchlets pendulous. Leaf mar-
gin obtusely serrate. Flowers ca. 3 cm in diam. Styles 3 or 4.
Trees to 10–14 m tall, with arching or pendulous branches.
● Gansu, Shaanxi.
Branchlets reddish brown, terete, glabrous; buds reddish brown,
ovoid, scales tomentose at margin. Stipules caducous, lan- 2. Malus jinxianensis J. Q. Deng & J. Y. Hong, Acta Phytotax.
ceolate, ca. 3 mm, membranous, margin entire or with sparse Sin. 25: 326. 1987.
glandular teeth, apex acuminate; petiole 2–5 cm, puberulous,
金具山荆子 jin xian shan jing zi
with few glands when young, glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic or
ovate, 3–8 × 2–3.5 cm, glabrous or slightly puberulous when Malus baccata (Linnaeus) Borkhausen var. jinxianensis (J.
young, base cuneate or rounded, margin serrate, apex acumi- Q. Deng & J. Y. Hong) C. Y. Li.
nate, rarely caudate-acuminate. Corymb at apices of branchlets,
Trees small. Branchlets dark brown, terete, slender, sub-
umbel-like, 5–7 cm in diam., 4–6-flowered; bracts caducous,
glabrous; buds reddish brown, ovoid; scales slightly pubescent
linear-lanceolate, membranous, glabrous, margin glandular den-
at margin. Stipules usually caducous, lanceolate, ca. 1 cm,
ticulate, apex acuminate. Pedicel 1.5–4 cm, slender, glabrous.
membranous, margin serrulate, apex acuminate; petiole 1–1.5
Flowers 3–3.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous.
cm, pubescent when young, glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic to
Sepals lanceolate, 5–7 mm, longer than hypanthium, abaxially
ovate, rarely suborbicular, 4–8 × 2–5 cm, both surfaces initially
glabrous, adaxially tomentose, margin entire, apex long acumi- pubescent, soon glabrous, base broadly cuneate or subrounded,
nate. Petals white, obovate, 2–2.5 cm, base shortly clawed, apex margin serrulate, sometimes shortly curved-serrate, apex acu-
obtuse-rounded. Stamens 15–20, unequal, ca. 1/2 as long as minate or caudate-acuminate. Corymbs clustered at ends of
petals. Ovary 5- or 4-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 5 short shoots, 3–5 cm in diam., 3–6-flowered; bracts caducous,
or 4, longer than stamens, densely villous basally. Pome red or linear-lanceolate, adaxially pilose, margin sparsely glandular
yellow, subglobose, 8–10 mm in diam., with an obscure scar at serrate, apex acuminate. Pedicel 2–3.3 cm, slender, glabrous.
apex; fruiting pedicel 3–4 cm, glabrous; sepals caducous. Fl. Flowers 1–2 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially
Apr–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 34*. glabrous. Sepals ovate, 3–4 mm, longer than hypanthium, to-
Mixed forests on slopes, among shrubs in valleys; sea level to mentose adaxially, margin entire, apex caudate, rarely acu-
1500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, minate. Petals pink, ovate, 1–1.5 cm, base shortly clawed, apex
Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Xizang [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, rounded. Stamens 20–30, unequal, ca. 1/2 as long as petals.
Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Russia (Siberia)]. Ovary (3- or)4-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles (3 or)4,
This is a beautiful, ornamental tree grown for its showy flowers slightly connate at base, longer than stamens, sparsely white
and red or yellow fruit. It is commonly used as stock to graft Malus pu- pilose, rarely glabrous. Pome purplish red, obovoid, ca. 1 cm in
mila and M. asiatica in N and NE China. diam., with a large scar at apex; fruiting pedicel 3–3.5 cm;
sepals caducous. Fl. May, fr. Oct.
1a. Trees to 10–14 m tall; branchlets slender,
slightly curved, not pendulous; leaf margin ● Cultivated. S Liaoning (Jin Xian).
acutely serrate; flowers 3–3.5 cm in diam.; 3. Malus mandshurica (Maximowicz) Komarov ex Juzepczuk,
styles 5 or 4 ............................................... 1a. var. baccata Fl. URSS 9: 371. 1939.
1b. Small trees, 4–6 m tall; branchlets pendulous;
leaf margin obtusely serrate; flowers ca. 3 毛山荆子 mao shan jing zi
cm in diam.; styles 3 or 4 ........................... 1b. var. gracilis
Pyrus baccata Linnaeus var. mandshurica Maximowicz,
1a. Malus baccata var. baccata Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 19: 170. 1874; Malus
baccata (Linnaeus) Borkhausen subsp. mandshurica (Koma-
山荆子(原变种) shan jing zi (yuan bian zhong) rov) Likhonos; M. baccata var. mandshurica (Maximowicz) C.
Pyrus baccata Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 75. 1767; M. baccata K. Schneider.
var. sibirica (Maximowicz) C. K. Schneider; M. sibirica Bork-
Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown, terete,
hausen.
densely puberulous when young, glabrescent; buds reddish
Trees, to 10–14 m tall. Branchlets slender, slightly curved. brown, ovoid, glabrous or scales slightly puberulous at margin.
Leaf blade 3–8 cm, margin acutely serrate. Flowers 3–3.5 in Stipules caducous, linear-lanceolate, 5–7 mm, herbaceous or
diam. Styles 5 or 4. membranous, adaxially sparsely puberulous, margin sparsely
Mixed forests on slopes, among shrubs in valleys; sea level to glandular denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole 3–4 cm, sparsely
1500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, puberulous; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, or obovate, 5–8 × 3–4 cm,
Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi [Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Siberia)]. abaxially puberulous or subglabrous along midvein and lateral
veins, base cuneate or subrounded, margin serrulate, apex acute
1b. Malus baccata var. gracilis (Rehder) T. C. Ku, comb. et
or acuminate. Corymb sessile, at ends of branchlets, umbel-like,
stat. nov.
6–8 cm in diam., 3–6-flowered; bracts caducous, linear-lan-
垂枝山荆子 chui zhi shan jing zi ceolate, small, membranous, margin entire or glandular denticu-
 ROSACEAE

late, apex acuminate. Pedicel 3–5 cm, sparsely puberulous. 丽江山荆子 li jiang shan jing zi
Flowers 3–3.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially
Malus baccata (Linnaeus) Borkhausen subsp. himalaica
pubescent. Sepals lanceolate, 5–7 mm, slightly longer than hy-
(Maximowicz) Likhonos; M. baccata var. himalaica (Maximo-
panthium, adaxially tomentose, margin entire, apex acuminate.
wicz) C. K. Schneider; Pyrus baccata Linnaeus var. himalaica
Petals white, narrowly obovate, 1.5–2 cm, base shortly clawed, Maximowicz.
apex rounded. Stamens 30, unequal, ca. 1/2 as long as petals or
longer. Ovary 4- or 5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles Trees 8–10 m tall, pendulous. Branchlets dark brown,
4(or 5), slightly longer than stamens, tomentose basally. Pome terete, villous when young, glabrescent; buds reddish brown,
red, ellipsoid or obovoid, 0.8–1.2 cm in diam.; fruiting pedicel ovoid, subglabrous or scales puberulous at margin. Stipules
3–5 cm, slightly puberulous; sepals caducous, with a small scar caducous, lanceolate, 5–6 mm, membranous, subglabrous, mar-
at apex. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*. gin slightly glandular denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole 2–4
cm, villous; leaf blade elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or oblong-ovate,
Mixed forests on slopes, mountain summits, valleys; 100–2100 m. 6–12 × 3.5–7 cm, abaxially puberulous along midvein and lat-
Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, eral veins, adaxially sparsely pubescent along midvein, base
Shanxi [Russia]. rounded or broadly cuneate, margin irregularly appressed serru-
In NE China, this species is often used as stock for grafting Malus late, apex acuminate. Corymbs umbel-like, 4–6 cm in diam., 4–
pumila and M. asiatica. 8-flowered; bracts caducous, lanceolate, membranous, margin
sparsely glandular serrate, apex acuminate. Pedicel 2–4 cm,
4. Malus sikkimensis (Wenzig) Koehne, Gatt.5 Pomac. 27. pubescent. Flowers 2.5–3 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanu-
1890. late, densely villous. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, 5–7 mm,
锡金海棠 xi jin hai tang slightly longer than or ca. as long as hypanthium, abaxially
sparsely pubescent or subglabrous, adaxially densely pubescent,
Pyrus pashia Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don var. sik- margin entire, apex acute or acuminate. Petals white, obovate,
kimensis Wenzig, Linnaea 38: 49. 1874; Malus baccata subsp. 1.2–1.5 cm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 25,
sikkimensis (Wenzig) Likhonos; P. sikkimensis (Wenzig) J. D. unequal, shorter than petals. Ovary 4- or 5-loculed, with 2
Hooker. ovules per locule; styles 4 or 5, slightly longer than stamens,
Trees small, 6–8 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown when villous basally. Pome red, ovoid or subglobose, 1–1.5 cm in
young, blackish brown when old, terete, gray tomentose when diam. with a small scar at apex; sepals caducous; fruiting pedi-
cel 2–4 cm, puberulous. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep. 2n = 34*, 51*.
young, subglabrous when old; buds reddish brown, ovoid;
scales tomentose at margin. Stipules caducous, lanceolate, 6–8 Mixed forests in valleys; 2400–3800 m. SW Sichuan, SE Xizang,
mm, membranous, glandular at margin, apex acuminate; petiole NW Yunnan [Bhutan].
2–3 cm, initially densely tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blade el-
6. Malus hupehensis (Pampanini) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 14:
liptic, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 5–7 × 2–3 cm, abaxially gray
207. 1933.
tomentose, densely so along veins, later subglabrous, adaxially
glabrous, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin sharply 湖北海棠 hu bei hai tang
serrate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate. Corymbs 5–9 cm
Pyrus hupehensis Pampanini, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s.,
in diam., 6–10-flowered; bracts caducous, lanceolate, mem-
17: 291. 1910, not (C. K. Schneider) Bean (1933); Malus do-
branous, margin entire or serrate, apex acuminate. Pedicel 1.5–
mestica Borkhausen var. hupehensis (Pampanini) Likhonos;
5 cm, tomentose, later subglabrous. Flowers 2.5–3 cm in diam.
Malus theifera Rehder.
Hypanthium campanulate, adaxially tomentose, later subgla-
brous. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, 5–6 mm, longer than hypan- Trees to 8 m tall. Branchlets initially dark green, purple or
thium, both surfaces tomentose, later subglabrous, margin en- purplish brown when old, terete, initially puberulous, glabrous
tire, apex acuminate. Petals white adaxially, pink abaxially, when old; buds dark purple, ovoid; scales sparsely ciliate at
suborbicular, 1.2–1.5 cm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. margin. Stipules caducous, linear-lanceolate, 5–6 mm, herba-
Stamens 25–30, unequal, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Ovary 5- ceous or membranous, sparsely pubescent, margin sparsely
loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 5, longer than stamens, glandular denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole 1–3 cm, sparsely
connate at base, glabrous. Pome dark red, white punctate, obo- puberulous when young, glabrescent; leaf blade ovate or ovate-
void or pyriform, 1–1.8 cm in diam., with a small scar at apex; elliptic, 5–10 × 2.5–4 cm, sparsely puberulous when young,
fruiting pedicel 2–2 × ca. 8 cm, slightly tomentose or sub- glabrescent, base broadly cuneate, rarely rounded, margin
glabrous; sepals caducous. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 34*, acutely serrulate, apex acuminate. Corymb 4–6 cm in diam., 4–
51*, 68*. 6-flowered; bracts caducous, lanceolate, membranous, margin
Open forests on slopes, mixed forests in valleys; 2500–3000 m. W sparsely glandular serrate when young, apex acuminate. Pedicel
Sichuan, S and SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Nepal, Sik- 3–6 cm, sparsely villous when young, later glabrous. Flowers
kim]. 3.5–4 cm diam. Hypanthium campanulate, adaxially glabrous
or sparsely villous. Sepals triangular-ovate, 4–5 mm, ca. as long
This is a rare species with small, isolated populations threatened
as or shorter than hypanthium, abaxially glabrous, adaxially
by forest clearing.
pubescent, margin entire, apex acuminate or acute. Petals pink
5. Malus rockii Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 14: 206. 1933. in bud, becoming white, obovate, ca. 1.5 cm, base shortly claw-
 ROSACEAE

ed, apex rounded. Stamens 20 unequal, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. 木里海棠 mu li hai tang
Ovary 3- or 4-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 3(or 4),
Trees small, 3–4 m tall. Branchlets black-gray, terete; buds
slightly longer than stamens, tomentose basally. Pome yellow-
purple-red, ellipsoid-ovoid, apex acute; scales several, exposed,
ish green, tinged red, ellipsoid or subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam.;
abaxially pubescent. Stipules caducous, lanceolate, pubescent,
fruiting pedicel 3–6 cm, glabrous; sepals caducous, with a small
apex acuminate; petiole 2–2.5 cm, densely pubescent; leaf
scar at apex. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 51*, 68*.
blade pale green abaxially, deep green adaxially, ovate-lanceo-
● Slopes, valley thickets; sea level to 2900 m. Anhui, Fujian, late or broadly lanceolate, 4–6 × 1.5–2.3 cm, abaxially sparsely
Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, pubescent, densely so on midvein, adaxially glabrous, base
Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang. broadly cuneate or rounded, margin shallowly obtusely serrate,
This species is used as grafting stock for apple trees in Hubei and apex caudate-acuminate. Flowers not seen. Pome purplish red,
Sichuan. Its young leaves can be processed as a tea substitute. It has cylindric, 6.5–7.5 × 4.5–5 mm; fruiting pedicel 3–3.5 cm, pilose
showy flowers in the spring and abundant, beautiful fruit in the autumn, or subglabrous; sepals deciduous. Fr. Aug–Sep.
and can be used as an ornamental tree.
● Picea forests; ca. 3200 m. SW Sichuan (Muli Xian).
7. Malus halliana Koehne, Gatt. Pomac. 27. 1890.
9. Malus daochengensis C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 301.
垂丝海棠 chui si hai tang 1989.
Malus domestica Borkhausen var. halliana (Koehne) 稻城海棠 dao cheng hai tang
Likhonos; M. floribunda Siebold ex Van Houtte var. parkmanni
Koehne; Pyrus halliana (Koehne) Voss. Trees to 5–7 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown when old,
terete, densely grayish white tomentose when young, glabrous
Trees to 5 m tall. Branchlets purple or purplish brown, when old; buds purplish brown, long elliptic-ovoid; scales pu-
terete, slender, puberulous when young, glabrescent; buds pur- bescent at margin, tomentose abaxially. Stipules caducous, line-
plish brown, ovoid, glabrous or scales ciliate at margin. Stipules ar-lanceolate, 4–6 mm, membranous, pubescent, margin sparse-
caducous, lanceolate, small, 4–6 mm, membranous, puberulous ly glandular serrate, apex acuminate; petiole 1–3 cm, gray
adaxially, margin glandular denticulate when young, apex tomentose; leaf blade pale green abaxially, green adaxially,
acuminate; petiole 0.5–2.5 cm, sparsely pubescent when young, elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic, 4–9.5 × 2–4 cm, abaxially tomen-
glabrescent; leaf blade dark green and often tinged purple tose when young, glabrescent, adaxially gray tomentose along
adaxially, ovate, elliptic, or narrowly elliptic, 3.5–8 × 2.5–4.5 veins when young, soon glabrescent, base cuneate or rounded,
cm, glabrous except sometimes puberulous along midvein, base margin obtusely serrate, apex acuminate, acute, or obtuse.
cuneate or subrounded, margin obtusely serrulate, apex long Corymbs umbel-like, 3–5 cm in diam., 3–6-flowered; bracts
acuminate. Corymb 4–6 cm in diam., 4–6-flowered; bracts cad- caducous, linear-lanceolate, membranous, both surfaces tomen-
ucous, lanceolate, membranous, margin entire, apex acuminate. tose, margin entire, apex acuminate. Pedicel 3.5–4 cm, densely
Pedicel pendulous, purple, 2–4 cm, slender, sparsely pubescent. grayish white tomentose. Flowers 3.5–4 cm in diam. Hypan-
Flowers 3–3.5 cm diam. Hypanthium glabrous abaxially. Sepals thium densely grayish white tomentose. Sepals triangular-lan-
triangular-ovate, 3–5 mm, ca. as long as or slightly shorter than ceolate, 4–6 mm, nearly as long as hypanthium, both surfaces
hypanthium, abaxially glabrous, adaxially tomentose, margin grayish white tomentose, margin entire, apex acuminate. Petals
entire, apex obtuse. Petals often more than 5, pink, obovate, ca. white or pinkish white, broadly elliptic, ca. 2 cm, base shortly
1.5 cm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 20–25, clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 25, unequal, ca. 1/2 as long as
unequal, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Ovary 4- or 5-loculed, with 2 petals. Ovary 5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 5,
ovules per locule; styles 4 or 5, slightly longer than stamens, slightly longer than stamens, tomentose basally. Pome yellow-
long tomentose basally. Pome purplish, pyriform or obovoid, ish red, pyriform, 1–1.5 cm in diam.; fruiting pedicel 3.5–4 cm,
6–8 mm in diam.; fruiting pedicel 2–4 cm, subglabrous; sepals grayish white tomentose; sepals caducous, with a small scar at
caducous, with a small scar at apex. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Sep–Oct. apex. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug.
2n = 34*, 51*. ● Thickets, field margins; ca. 2800 m. W Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
● Thickets on slopes or by streams; sea level to 1200 m. Anhui, 10. Malus pumila Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8, Malus no. 3. 1768.
Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

This species has been used as an ornamental because of its pur- 苹果 ping guo
plish red young branches and leaves and pink, showy flowers in the Malus communis Poiret; M. dasyphylla Borkhausen; M.
spring.
dasyphylla var. domestica Koidzumi; M. domestica Bork-
According to Bean (Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isles, ed. 8, 2: 699. hausen; M. domestica subsp. pumila (Miller) Likhonos; M. pu-
1981), this is a Japanese species and does not occur in China. Further mila var. domestica C. K. Schneider; M. niedzwetzkyana Dieck
study is required on Chinese specimens attributed to Malus halliana. ex Koehne; M. sylvestris Miller subsp. mitis Mansfeld; Pyrus
Malus halliana is similar to M. baccata, which differs by its serru- malus Linnaeus; P. malus var. pumila Henry.
late leaves, white petals, and apically acuminate sepals larger than the
Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown when old,
hypanthium.
terete, robust, short, densely tomentose when young, glabrous
8. Malus muliensis T. C. Ku, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 29: 83. 1991. when old; buds purplish brown, ovoid, densely puberulous.
 ROSACEAE

Stipules caducous, lanceolate, 3–5 mm, herbaceous, densely 12. Malus asiatica Nakai in Matsumura, Icon. Pl. Koisikav. 3:
puberulous, margin entire, apex acuminate; petiole robust, 1.5– 19. 1915.
3 cm, puberulous; leaf blade elliptic, ovate, or broadly elliptic,
花红 hua hong
4.5–10 × 3–5.5 cm, both surfaces densely puberulous when
young, adaxially glabrescent, base broadly cuneate or rounded, Malus domestica Borkhausen var. asiatica (Nakai) V. V.
margin obtusely serrate, apex acute. Corymb at apices of Ponomarenko; M. domestica var. rinki (Koidzumi) H. Ohle; M.
branchlets, 4–6 cm in diam., 3–7-flowered; bracts caducous, dulcissima Koidzumi var. asiatica Koidzumi; M. dulcissima
linear-lanceolate, membranous, tomentose, margin entire, apex var. rinki (Koidzumi) Koidzumi; M. matsumurae Koidzumi;
acuminate. Pedicel 1–2.5 cm, tomentose. Flowers 3–4 cm in M. prunifolia Borkhausen var. rinki (Koidzumi) Rehder; M.
diam. Hypanthium tomentose abaxially. Sepals triangular-lan- pumila Miller var. rinki Koidzumi; Pyrus matsumurae (Koid-
ceolate or triangular-ovate, 6–8 mm, longer than hypanthium, zumi) Cardot; P. ringo Wenzig.
both surfaces tomentose, margin entire, apex acuminate. Petals
white, obovate, 1.5–1.8 cm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Trees small, 4–6 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown when
Stamens 20, unequal, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Ovary 5-loculed, old, terete, robust, densely pubescent when young, glabrous
with 2 ovules per locule; styles 5, slightly longer than stamens, when old; buds grayish red, ovoid, initially densely pubescent,
gray tomentose basally. Pome red or yellow, depressed-sub- glabrescent. Stipules caducous, lanceolate, small, 3–5 mm,
globose, ca. 2 cm in diam., impressed at base; fruiting pedicel membranous, margin glandular serrate when young, apex acu-
short and thickened; sepals persistent. Fl. May, fr. Jul–Oct. 2n = minate; petiole 1.5–5 cm, puberulous; leaf blade ovate or
24*, 34*, 51*, 68. elliptic, 5–11 × 4–5.5 cm, abaxially densely puberulous, adax-
ially initially puberulous, glabrescent, base rounded or broadly
Commonly cultivated in N, NW, and SW China [Bhutan; Native cuneate, margin serrulate, apex acute or acuminate. Corymb at
to SW Asia and Europe]. apices of branchlets, umbel-like, 3–5 cm in diam., 4–7(–10)-
11. Malus sieversii (Ledebour) M. Roemer, Syn. Rosifl. 216. flowered; bracts caducous, lanceolate, membranous, pubescent,
1830. apex acuminate. Pedicel 1.5–2 cm, densely pubescent. Flowers
3–4 cm in diam. Hypanthium densely pubescent abaxially. Se-
新疆野苹果 xin jiang ye ping guo pals triangular-lanceolate, 4–5 mm, slightly longer than hy-
panthium, both surfaces densely pubescent, margin entire, apex
Pyrus sieversii Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 2: 222. 1830. acuminate. Petals pinkish, obovate or oblong-obovate, 0.8–1.3
Trees 2–10(–14) m tall; branchlets dark grayish red when cm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 17–20, un-
old, terete, short, robust, puberulous when young, slightly curv- equal, shorter than petals. Ovary 4- or 5-loculed, with 2 ovules
per locule; styles 4(or 5), longer than stamens, tomentose
ed, glabrescent when old; buds dark red, ovoid, villous abaxi-
basally. Pome yellow or red, ovoid or subglobose, 4–5 cm in
ally. Stipules caducous, lanceolate, 3–5 mm, membranous, mar-
diam., impressed at base; fruiting pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm, pubes-
gin white ciliate, apex acuminate; petiole 1.2–3.5 cm, sparsely
cent; sepals persistent. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*,
pubescent; leaf blade ovate or broadly elliptic, rarely obovate,
51*, 68*.
6–11 × 3–5.5 cm, abaxially densely villous when young,
sparsely pubescent when old, adaxially sparsely pubescent ● Open slopes, sandy soils of plains; sea level to 2800 m. Gansu,
Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qing-
along veins, base cuneate, rarely rounded, margin obtusely
hai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
serrate, apex acute. Corymb umbel-like, 4–6 cm in diam., 3–6-
flowered; bracts caducous, lanceolate, membranous, margin This species is a famous fruit tree in N and NE China. During its
long cultivation, many cultivars have been bred, the fruit of which differ
glandular serrate when young, apex acuminate. Pedicel ca. 1.5
in shape, color, size, and ripening period.
cm, white tomentose. Flowers 3–3.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium
campanulate, abaxially tomentose. Sepals broadly lanceolate or 13. Malus prunifolia (Willdenow) Borkhausen, Theor. Prakt.
triangular-lanceolate, ca. 6 mm, longer than hypanthium, both Handb. Forstbot. 2: 1278. 1803.
surfaces tomentose, margin entire, apex acuminate. Petals pink- 秋子 qiu zi
ish, tinged rose when in bud, obovate, 1.5–2 cm, base shortly
clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 20, unequal, ca. 1/2 as long as Trees small, to 3–8 m tall. Branchlets grayish purple or
petals. Ovary 5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 5, ca. as grayish brown when old, terete, robust, densely puberulous
long as or slightly longer than stamens, white tomentose ba- when young, glabrous when old; buds purplish brown, ovoid,
sally. Pome yellowish green, tinged red, globose or depressed- sparsely pubescent. Stipules caducous, lanceolate, small, 4–5
globose, 3–4.5(–7) cm in diam.; fruiting pedicel 3.5–4 cm, mm, membranous, margin glandular serrate when young, apex
white tomentose; sepals persistent, reflexed, with cavity at acuminate; petiole 1–5 cm, initially densely puberulous, gla-
apex. Fl. May, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 34*. brescent; leaf blade ovate or elliptic, 5–9 × 4–5 cm, pubescent
along veins when young, pubescent only along midvein or
Mountain summits, slopes, valleys, often the dominant tree of subglabrous when old, base broadly cuneate, margin serrulate,
forests; 1200–1300 m. W Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Russia]. apex acuminate or acute. Corymb umbel-like, 4–8 cm in diam.,
This species is vulnerable to extinction because of its limited 4–10-flowered; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, membra-
range and exploitation. It is believed to be the principal ancestor of nous, sparsely pubescent, margin entire, apex acuminate. Pedi-
commercially grown apples. cel 2–3.5 cm; puberulous. Flowers 4–5 cm in diam. Hypan-
 ROSACEAE

thium campanulate, abaxially puberulous. Sepals lanceolate or scent, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin appressed
triangular-lanceolate, 7–9 mm, slightly longer than hypanthium, serrulate, apex shortly acuminate or rounded-obtuse. Corymb
both surfaces puberulous, margin entire, apex acuminate. Petals subumbel-like, 4–6 cm in diam., 4–6-flowered; bracts cadu-
white, pink in bud, obovate or elliptic, 2.5–3 cm, base shortly cous, lanceolate, membranous, margin entire, apex acuminate.
clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 20, unequal, ca. 1/3 as long as Pedicel 2–3 cm, pubescent. Flowers 4–5 cm in diam. Hypan-
petals. Ovary 4- or 5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles thium campanulate, abaxially glabrous or white tomentose.
4(or 5), longer than stamens, tomentose basally. Pome yellow, Sepals triangular-ovate, 2–4 mm, slightly shorter than hypan-
red, ovoid, 2–2.5 cm in diam., with cavity at base; fruiting pe- thium, abaxially glabrous or pubescent, adaxially white tomen-
dicel 2–3.5 cm, puberulous, apex sometimes thickened and ob- tose, margin entire, apex acute. Petals white, pink in bud, ovate,
lique; sepals persistent, partly so, or caducous. Fl. Apr–May, fr. 2–2.5 cm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 20–25,
Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*, 51*. unequal, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Ovary (4- or)5-loculed; with
2 ovules per locule; styles (4 or)5, slightly longer than stamens,
● Slopes, plains; sea level to 1300 m, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, He-
nan, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, ?Xin-
white tomentose basally. Pome yellow, subglobose, ca. 2 cm in
jiang. diam., not impressed at apex, convex at base; fruiting pedicel
3–3.5 cm, thickened distally, subglabrous; sepals persistent. Fl.
1a. Fruiting pedicel thickened and Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*, 51*.
oblique at apex; sepals persis-
tent or partly so ...................... 13b. var. obliquipedicellata ● Plains, mountain regions; 500–2000 m. Hebei, Jiangsu, Liao-
ning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
1b. Fruiting pedicel neither thick-
ened nor oblique at apex; This species is one of the most famous ornamental trees in China,
sepals caducous .................................... 13a. var. prunifolia widely cultivated in the E and N regions. The cultivated var. riversis (G.
Kirchner) Rehder has double, pink flowers, and var. albipena Schelle,
13a. Malus prunifolia var. prunifolia also cultivated, has double, white flowers.
秋子(原变种) qiu zi (yuan bian zhong) 15. Malus ×micromalus Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 22: 69.
Pyrus prunifolia Willdenow, Phytogr. 8. 1794; Malus do- 1908.
mestica Borkhausen subsp. prunifolia (Willdenow) Likhonos. 西府海棠 xi fu hai tang
Fruiting pedicel neither thickened nor oblique at apex; se-
Malus domestica Borkhausen var. micromalus (Makino)
pals caducous.
Likhonos; M. microcarpa A. Savatier var. kaido (Siebold) Car-
● Slopes, plains; sea level to 1300 m, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, He- rière; M. spectabilis Borkhausen var. kaido Siebold; M. spec-
nan, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, ?Xin- tabilis var. micromalus (Makino) Koidzumi; Pyrus micromalus
jiang. (Makino) Makino.
This variety is an excellent stock for grafting apple trees. Many Trees small, to 2.5–5 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown or
varieties have also been bred as good fruit trees.
dark brown, terete, slender, puberulous when young, glabre-
13b. Malus prunifolia var. obliquipedicellata X. W. Li & J. scent; buds dark purple, ovoid, glabrous, or scales tomentose at
W. Sun, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 13: 336. 1993. margin. Stipules caducous, linear-lanceolate, 4–6 mm, membra-
nous, subglabrous, margin sparsely glandular denticulate, apex
歪把海棠 wai ba hai tang acuminate; petiole 2–3.5 cm, pubescent when young, glabre-
Fruiting pedicel thickened and oblique at apex; sepals per- scent; leaf blade narrowly elliptic or elliptic, 5–10 × 2.5–5 cm,
sistent or partly so. Fl. May, fr. Aug. puberulous when young, glabrescent, base cuneate, rarely sub-
rounded, margin serrate, apex acute or acuminate. Corymb um-
● About 300 m. C Shandong (Tai Shan). bel-like, 4–6 cm in diam., 4–7-flowered; bracts caducous,
14. Malus spectabilis (Aiton) Borkhausen, Theor. Prakt. linear-lanceolate, membranous, margin entire, apex acuminate.
Handb. Forstbot. 2: 1279. 1803. Pedicel 2–3 cm, villous when young, glabrescent. Flowers ca. 4
mm in diam. Hypanthium white tomentose abaxially. Sepals tri-
海棠花 hai tang hua angular-ovate or triangular-lanceolate, 5–8 mm, ca. as long as
or slightly shorter than hypanthium, abaxially pubescent, adax-
Pyrus spectabilis Aiton, Hort. Kew 2: 175. 1789; Malus
ially white tomentose, margin entire, apex acute or shortly acu-
domestica Borkhausen var. spectabilis (Aiton) Likhonos; M. minate. Petals pink, suborbicular or narrowly elliptic, ca. 1.5
microcarpa A. Savatier var. spectabilis (Aiton) Carrière. cm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens ca. 20, un-
Trees to 8 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown or purplish equal, slightly shorter than petals. Styles 5, ca. as long as sta-
brown when old, terete, puberulous when young, glabrous mens, tomentose basally. Pome red, subglobose, 1–1.5 cm in
when old; buds purplish brown, ovoid, sparsely pubescent. diam.; impressed at apex, with cavity at base; fruiting pedicel
Stipules caducous, narrowly lanceolate, 4–6 mm, membranous, 2–3 cm, subglabrous; sepals caducous or a few persistent. Fl.
adaxially villous, margin entire, apex acuminate; petiole 1.5–2 Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*, 51*.
cm, puberulous; leaf blade elliptic or narrowly elliptic, 5–8 × 2– ● Commonly cultivated. Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Liaoning, Nei
3 cm, both surfaces sparsely puberulous when young, glabre- Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
 ROSACEAE

According to Bean (Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isles, ed. 8, 2: 710), acuminate; petiole 1.5–4 cm, sparsely puberulous; leaf blade
this taxon is a hybrid between Malus spectabilis and probably M. bac- ovate or broadly ovate, 5–8 × 4–6 cm, abaxially sparsely pu-
cata. berulous or glabrous, base rounded or truncate, margin doubly
In N China, this taxon is usually planted in gardens and parks for serrulate, often 3-lobed, rarely irregularly or not lobed, apex
ornamental purposes and for its edible fruit. It is used as stock to graft acute or acuminate. Corymb 5–6.5 cm in diam., 4–10-flowered;
Malus asiatica and M. pumila in some regions. bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, membranous, margin entire,
apex acuminate. Pedicel 2.5–3.5 cm, sparsely pubescent or gla-
16. Malus sieboldii (Regel) Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2:
brous. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate,
293. 1915.
abaxially villous or glabrous. Sepals triangular-ovate or triangu-
三叶海棠 san ye hai tang lar-lanceolate, 5–6 mm, ca. as long as or slightly longer than
hypanthium, abaxially glabrous, adaxially villous, margin en-
Pyrus sieboldii Regel, Index Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1858: 51. tire, apex acuminate. Petals white, broadly obovate, 0.8–1 cm,
1859; Crataegus cavaleriei H. Léveillé & Vaniot; C. taquetii H. base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 20, unequal, ca.
Léveillé; Malus baccata (Linnaeus) Borkhausen subsp. toringo 1/2 as long as petals. Styles (2 or)3(or 4), slightly longer than
(K. Koch) Koidzumi; M. sieboldii (Regel) Rehder var. toringo stamens, glabrous basally. Pome yellowish red, ellipsoid or
(K. Koch) Siebold ex C. K. Schneider; M. toringo (K. Koch) obovoid, 1–1.5 cm in diam.; sepals caducous; fruiting pedicel
Carrière; Photinia rubrolutea H. Léveillé; Pyrus esquirolii H. 2–3.5 cm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 34*.
Léveillé; P. subcrataegifolia H. Léveillé; P. toringo (K. Koch)
Miquel; Sorbus toringo K. Koch. ● Mixed forests, scrub; 1500–3300 m. Gansu, Henan, Hubei,
?Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
Shrubs 2–6 m tall. Branchlets spreading, dark purple or
purplish brown, terete, puberulous when young, glabrescent; This species is similar to Malus honanensis, which differs in its
buds purplish brown, ovoid, glabrous or only terminal scales more lobed leaf margin, glabrous or sparsely villous corymb, and sub-
globose fruit often with a persistent calyx.
puberulous at margin. Stipules narrowly lanceolate, 4–6 mm,
herbaceous, slightly puberulous, margin entire, apex acuminate; 1a. Pedicel and leaves abaxially sparsely
petiole 1–2.5 cm, puberulous; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, or nar- puberulous, hypanthium villous
rowly elliptic, 3–7.5 × 2–4 cm, both surfaces puberulous when outside ................................................. 17a. var. kansuensis
young, abaxially puberulous along midvein and lateral veins 1b. Pedicel, hypanthium, and leaves
when old, adaxially subglabrous, base rounded or broadly cu- abaxially glabrous ........................................ 17b. var. calva
neate, margin serrate, often 3-lobed, rarely 5-lobed on new
branches, apex acute. Corymb at apices of branchlets, 4–6 cm 17a. Malus kansuensis var. kansuensis
in diam., 4–8-flowered; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, 陇东海棠(原变种) long dong hai tang (yuan bian zhong)
membranous, adaxially pubescent, margin entire, apex acumi-
nate. Pedicel 2–2.5 cm, pubescent or subglabrous. Flowers 2–3 Pyrus kansuensis Batalin, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot.
cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, subglabrous or pubes- Sada 13: 94. 1893; Eriolobus kansuensis (Batalin) C. K.
cent. Sepals ca. as long as or slightly longer than hypanthium, Schneider; Malus komarovii var. funiushanensis S. Y. Wang.
abaxially glabrous, adaxially tomentose, margin entire, apex
caudate-acuminate. Petals pinkish, elliptic-obovate, 1.5–1.8 cm, Pedicel and leaves abaxially sparsely puberulous; hypan-
base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 20, unequal, ca. thium villous outside.
1/2 as long as petals. Ovary 3–5-loculed, with 2 ovules per ● Mixed forests, scrub; 1500–3000 m. Gansu, Henan, Shaanxi, Si-
locule; styles 3–5, slightly longer than stamens, villous basally. chuan.
Pome red or brownish yellow, subglobose, 6–8 mm in diam.;
sepals caducous; fruiting pedicel 2–3 cm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. 17b. Malus kansuensis var. calva (Rehder) T. C. Ku & Spong-
Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*, 51*. berg, comb. et stat. nov.

Mixed forests, among shrubs, slopes; 150–2000 m. Fujian, Gansu, 光叶陇东海棠 guang ye long dong hai tang
Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Liaoning,
Basionym: Malus kansuensis f. calva Rehder, J. Arnold
Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Korea, Japan].
Arbor. 2: 50. 1920.
This species can be used as an ornamental tree for its showy flow-
ers in the spring. In Liaoning and Shandong provinces, it is sometimes Pedicel, hypanthium outside and leaves abaxially gla-
used as stock for grafting apple trees. brous.

17. Malus kansuensis (Batalin) C. K. Schneider, Repert. Spec. ● 2300–3300 m. Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 178. 1906. 18. Malus komarovii (Sargent) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 2: 51.
陇东海棠 long dong hai tang 1920.

Shrubs or small trees, 3–5 m tall; branchlets purplish 山楂海棠 shan zha hai tang
brown or dark brown when old, terete, puberulous when young, Crataegus komarovii Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 183. 1912.
glabrous when old; buds dark purple, ovoid; scales tomentose at
margin. Stipules linear-lanceolate, 6–10 mm, herbaceous, Shrubs or small trees, to 3 m tall. Branchlets dark red
sparsely pubescent, margin sparsely glandular denticulate, apex when young, reddish brown or purplish brown when old, terete,
 ROSACEAE

pubescent when young, glabrous when old; buds dark red, ● Thickets on slopes; 2000–3000 m. SE Gansu, W Sichuan, SE
ovoid; scales pubescent at margin. Stipules caducous, linear- Xizang.
lanceolate, 4–6 mm, membranous, margin glandular denticu- 20. Malus transitoria (Batalin) C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb.
late, apex acuminate; petiole 1–3 cm, pubescent; leaf blade Laubholzk. 1: 726. 1906.
broadly ovate, rarely narrowly elliptic, 4–8 × 3–7 cm, abaxially
densely pubescent along veins when young, adaxially sparsely 花叶海棠 hua ye hai tang
pubescent, base cordate or subcordate, margin doubly serrate, Shrubs or small trees, to 8 m tall. Branchlets dark purple
usually 3-parted at middle, 1-lobed on each side near base, or purplish brown when old, terete, slender, tomentose when
irregularly lobed or undivided apically, apex acuminate or young; buds dark purple, ovoid, tomentose. Stipules ovate-lan-
acute. Corymb 4–6 cm in diam., 6–8-flowered; bracts caducous, ceolate, 4–6 mm, herbaceous, tomentose, margin entire, apex
linear-lanceolate, membranous, margin sparsely glandular ser- acute; petiole 1.5–3.5 cm, tomentose; leaf blade ovate or broad-
rate, apex acuminate. Pedicel ca. 2 cm, villous. Flowers ca. 3.5 ly ovate, 2.5–5 × 2–4.5 cm, both surfaces tomentose or adaxi-
cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially tomentose. Se- ally subglabrous, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin ir-
pals triangular-lanceolate, 2–3 mm, slightly longer than hypan- regularly serrate, usually irregularly 3–5-parted; lobes narrowly
thium, abaxially subglabrous, adaxially tomentose, margin en- ovate or narrowly elliptic, apex acute. Corymb umbel-like, 3–5
tire, apex acuminate. Petals white, obovate, ca. 1.8 cm, base cm in diam., 3–6-flowered; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate,
shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 20–30, ca. 1/2 as long membranous, pubescent, margin entire, apex acuminate. Pedi-
as petals. Ovary 3- or 4-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles cel 1.5–2 cm, tomentose. Flowers 1–2 cm in diam. Hypanthium
3 or 4, slightly longer than stamens, glabrous basally. Pome red, campanulate, tomentose. Sepals caducous, triangular-ovate, ca.
ellipsoid, 1–1.5 × 0.8–1 cm, core free at apex; sepals caducous; 3 mm, slightly shorter than hypanthium, both surfaces to-
fruiting pedicel 1.2–1.5 cm. Fl. May, fr. Sep. 2n = 34*. mentose, margin entire, apex rounded-obtuse or slightly acute.
Petals white, ovate, 8–10 mm, base shortly clawed, apex round-
Among shrubs; 1100–1300 m. S Jilin (Changbai Shan) [N Korea]. ed. Stamens 20–25, unequal, slightly shorter than petals. Styles
This species is resistant to cold temperatures. It is also endangered 3–5, slightly longer than or nearly as long as stamens, glabrous.
because of habitat loss. Pome yellowish red, subglobose or oblong-ellipsoid to oblong-
ovoid, 6–8 mm in diam., impressed at apex; sepals caducous;
19. Malus toringoides (Rehder) Hughes, Bull. Misc. Inform. fruiting pedicel 1.5–2 cm, tomentose. Fl. May, fr. Sep. 2n =
Kew 1920: 205. 1920. 34*, 51*.
变叶海棠 bian ye hai tang ● Thickets, slopes, hills of the Loess Plateau, roadsides; 1500–
3900 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, E Xizang.
Malus transitoria C. K. Schneider var. toringoides Rehder
in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 286. 1915; Pyrus toringoides (Reh- This species is resistant to drought and cold temperatures. It has
der) Osborn; P. transitoria Batalin var. toringoides (Rehder) been used as stock to graft apple trees in NE and NW Shaanxi.
Bailey; Sinomalus toringoides (Rehder) Koidzumi. Malus setok Vassilczenko might be an allied species or an ecotype
of M. transitoria.
Shrubs or small trees, 3–6 m tall. Branchlets purplish
brown or dark brown when old, terete, puberulous when young, 1a. Pome oblong-elliptic or oblong-ovate,
glabrous when old; buds purplish brown, ovoid, pubescent, 10–12 × 6–8 mm ......................... 20c. var. centralasiatica
apex acute. Stipules lanceolate, 4–6 mm, sparsely pubescent, 1b. Pome subglobose, 6–8 mm in diam.
margin entire, apex acuminate; petiole 1–3 cm, puberulous; leaf 2a. Leaf blade abaxially densely
blade variable in shape, ovate or narrowly elliptic, 3–8 × ca. 1.5 tomentose, adaxially sparsely
cm, abaxially densely pubescent along midvein and lateral tomentose or subglabrous;
veins, adaxially sparsely pubescent, base broadly cuneate or pedicel and hypanthium
subcordate, margin obtusely serrate, often 3–5-parted, some- densely tomentose ...................... 20a. var. transitoria
times undivided, apex acute. Corymb umbel-like, 3–5 cm in 2b. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous;
diam., 3–5-flowered; bracts caducous, linear, membranous, pedicel and hypanthium abaxially
adaxially pubescent when young, margin sparsely glandular sparsely pubescent .................... 20b. var. glabrescens
serrate, apex acuminate. Pedicel 1.8–2.5 cm, sparsely villous. 20a. Malus transitoria var. transitoria
Flowers 2–2.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium tomentose abaxially.
Sepals triangular-lanceolate or narrowly triangular, 3–4 mm, 花叶海棠(原变种) hua ye hai tang (yuan bian zhong)
nearly as long as hypanthium, both surfaces white tomentose, Pyrus transitoria Batalin, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot.
margin entire, apex acuminate. Petals white, ovate or elliptic- Sada 13: 95. 1893; Sinomalus transitoria (Batalin) Koidzumi.
obovate, 8–11 mm, adaxially sparsely pubescent or glabrous,
base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens ca. 20; filaments Leaf blade densely tomentose abaxially, sparsely tomen-
unequal, shorter than petals. Styles 3(or 4 or 5), not exceeding tose or subglabrous adaxially. Pedicel and hypanthium densely
stamens, glabrous. Pome yellow, tinged red, obovoid or nar- tomentose. Pome subglobose.
rowly ellipsoid, 1–1.3 cm; sepals caducous; fruiting pedicel 3–4 ● Thickets, slopes, hills of the Loess Plateau; 1500–3900 m.
cm, glabrous. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep. 2n = 34*, 51*, 68*. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
 ROSACEAE

20b. Malus transitoria var. glabrescens T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, apex acuminate; petiole 2–3.5 cm, tomentose; leaf blade ovate,
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 496. 1980. 9–13 × 5–6.5 cm, abaxially white tomentose, adaxially rarely
sparsely puberulous along midvein and lateral veins when
少毛花叶海棠 shao mao hua ye hai tang
young, base truncate, rounded or subcordate, margin doubly
Leaf blade glabrous abaxially. Pedicel and hypanthium serrate, apex acuminate. Corymb umbel-like, 5–8 cm in diam.,
abaxially sparsely pubescent. 4–13-flowered; bracts caducous, linear or lanceolate, membra-
● Roadsides; 3500–3700 m. E Xizang (Qamdo Xian). nous, tomentose, margin entire, apex acuminate. Pedicel 2–2.5
cm, densely pubescent. Flowers 1.5–1.8 cm in diam. Hypan-
20c. Malus transitoria var. centralasiatica (Vassilczenko) T. thium campanulate, abaxially densely pubescent. Sepals triang-
T. Yu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 394. 1974. ular, ca. 3 mm, slightly shorter than hypanthium, abaxially
长圆果花叶海棠 chang yuan guo hua ye hai tang pubescent, adaxially glabrous or sparsely puberulous, margin
entire, apex acute. Petals white, ovate, ca. 8 mm, base shortly
Malus centralasiatica Vassilczenko, Bot. Mater. Gerb. clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 15–20, unequal, slightly shorter
Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 19: 202. 1959. than petals. Ovary 3–5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles
Pome oblong-ellipsoid or oblong-ovoid, 10–12 × 6–8 mm. 3–5, slightly longer than stamens, glabrous basally. Pome red,
subglobose, 1.5–2 cm in diam., with cupular cavity at apex;
● 3300–3900 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi.
fruiting pedicel ca. 3 cm, villous; sepals persistent. Fl. Jun, fr.
21. Malus prattii (Hemsley) C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laub- Aug. 2n = 34*.
holzk. 1: 719. 1906.
● Mixed stream side forests, valleys; 2000–3500 m. SW Sichuan,
西蜀海棠 xi shu hai tang Xizang, NW Yunnan.

Pyrus prattii Hemsley, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 16. 23. Malus honanensis Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 2: 51. 1920.
1895; Docyniopsis prattii (Hemsley) Koidzumi. 河南海棠 he nan hai tang
Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets dark red or purplish brown Sinomalus honanensis (Rehder) Koidzumi.
when old, short, robust, pubescent when young, glabrous when
old; buds purplish brown, ovoid; scales pubescent at margin. Shrubs or small trees, to 5–7 m tall. Branchlets reddish
Stipules linear-lanceolate, 1–1.3 cm, membranous, glabrous or brown when old, terete, slender, pubescent when young, soon
subglabrous, margin sparsely glandular denticulate, apex acu- glabrescent, glabrous when old; buds reddish brown, ovoid;
minate; petiole 1.5–3 cm, sparsely pubescent or subglabrous; scales villous at margin. Stipules caducous, linear-lanceolate,
leaf blade ovate, elliptic, or narrowly elliptic-ovate, 6–15 × 3.5– ca. 6 mm, membranous, pubescent, margin entire, apex acumi-
7.5 cm, both surfaces puberulous when young, glabrescent, nate; petiole 1.5–2.5 cm, pubescent; leaf blade broadly ovate,
abaxially sparsely puberulous or glabrous when old, base narrowly elliptic, or ovate, 4–7 × 3.5–6 cm, both surfaces pu-
rounded, margin serrulate, apex acuminate. Corymb umbel-like, berulous, adaxially soon glabrescent, base rounded, cordate, or
5–9 cm in diam., 5–12-flowered; bracts caducous, linear-lan- truncate, margin doubly serrate, 3–6-lobed, apex acute. Corymb
ceolate, membranous, margin entire, apex acuminate. Pedicel umbel-like, 4–6.5 cm in diam., 5–10-flowered; bracts caducous,
1.5–3 cm, sparsely pubescent. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam. Hy- linear-lanceolate, 5–6 mm, membranous, pubescent, margin
panthium campanulate, abaxially densely pubescent when entire, apex acuminate. Pedicel 1.5–3 cm, slender, pubescent
young, glabrescent. Sepals triangular-ovate, 4–5 mm, slightly when young, soon glabrescent. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm in diam.
longer than or ca. as long as hypanthium, abaxially subgla- Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially sparsely pubescent. Sepals
brous, adaxially tomentose, margin entire, apex acuminate or triangular-ovate, ca. 2 mm, shorter than hypanthium, abaxially
caudate-acuminate. Petals white, suborbicular, 0.8–1 cm, base glabrous, adaxially densely villous, margin entire, apex acute.
shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 20, unequal, slightly Petals pinkish white, ovate, 7–8 mm, base subcordate and short-
shorter than petals. Ovary (4- or)5-loculed, with 2 ovules per ly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens ca. 20, ca. as long as or
locule; styles (4 or)5, nearly as long as stamens, glabrous slightly shorter than petals. Ovary 3- or 4-loculed, with 2 ovules
basally. Pome red or yellow, ovoid or subglobose, 1–1.5 cm in per locule; styles 3 or 4, connate at base, glabrous. Pome yel-
diam.; fruiting pedicel 2.5–3 cm, glabrous; sepals persistent. Fl. lowish red, subglobose, ca. 8 mm in diam.; fruiting pedicel 1.5–
Jun, fr. Aug. 2n = 34*. 3 cm, subglabrous; sepals persistent. Fl. May, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n
● Mixed forests on slopes; 1400–3500 m. W Sichuan, NW Yun- = 34*.
nan. ● Thickets in valleys or on slopes; 800–2600 m. Gansu, Hebei,
Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi.
22. Malus ombrophila Handel-Mazzetti, Anz. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 63: 8. 1926. In floral structure, this species is most similar to Malus kansu-
ensis, which is distinguished by its leaves with fewer lobes and coarser
沧江海棠 cang jiang hai tang serration, caducous sepals, and ellipsoid fruit.
Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets dark purple or purplish 24. Malus yunnanensis (Franchet) C. K. Schneider, Repert.
brown when old, terete, densely puberulous when young, gla- Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 179. 1906.
brous when old; buds dark purple, ovoid, subglabrous or scales
滇池海棠 dian chi hai tang
puberulous at margin. Stipules caducous, linear-lanceolate,
membranous, 6–8 mm, glabrous or subglabrous, margin entire, Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets dark purple or purplish
 ROSACEAE

brown when old, terete, robust, tomentose when young, gla- 25. Malus doumeri (Bois) A. Chevalier, Compt. Rend. Acad.
brous when old; buds dark purple, ovoid, glabrous or scales Sci. (Paris) 170: 1129. 1920.
sparsely puberulous at margin. Stipules caducous, linear, 6–8
台湾海棠 tai wan hai tang
mm, membranous, white tomentose adaxially, margin sparsely
glandular denticulate, apex acute; petiole 2–3.5 cm, tomentose; Pyrus doumeri Bois, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 113. 1904;
leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, or narrowly elliptic-ovate, 6–12 Docynia doumeri (Bois) C. K. Schneider; D. indica (Wallich)
× 4–7 cm, abaxially tomentose or subglabrous, adaxially sub- Decaisne var. doumeri (Bois) A. Chevalier; D. indica var.
glabrous, base rounded or cordate, margin doubly serrate, each laosensis (Cardot) A. Chevalier; Eriolobus doumeri (Bois) C.
side 3–5-lobed, apex acute. Corymb umbel-like, 5–9 cm in K. Schneider; Malus asiatica Nakai var. argutiserrata Hu &
diam., 8–12-flowered; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, mem- Chen; M. doumeri var. formosana (Kawakami & Koidzumi ex
branous, adaxially tomentose, margin sparsely glandular dentic- Hayata) S. S. Ying; M. formosana (Kawakami & Koidzumi ex
ulate, apex acuminate. Pedicel 1.5–3 cm, tomentose. Flowers Hayata) Kawakami & Koidzumi; M. laosensis (Cardot) A.
ca. 1.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially to- Chevalier; M. melliana (Handel-Mazzetti) Rehder; Pyrus for-
mentose. Sepals triangular-ovate, 3–4 mm, ca. as long as hy- mosana Kawakami & Koidzumi ex Hayata; P. laosensis Car-
panthium, both surfaces tomentose, margin entire, apex acu- dot; P. melliana Handel-Mazzetti.
minate. Petals white, suborbicular, ca. 8 mm, base shortly Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown or purplish
clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 20–25, unequal, slightly shorter brown when old, terete, villous when young, glabrous when
than petals. Ovary 5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 5, old; buds reddish purple, ovoid, pubescent or only pubescent
nearly as long as stamens, glabrous basally. Pome red, globose, along margin of scales. Stipules caducous, linear-lanceolate,
1–1.5 cm in diam., white punctate; fruiting pedicel 2–3 cm; membranous, glabrous, margin entire, apex acuminate; petiole
sepals persistent. Fl. May, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*. 1.5–3 cm, tomentose when young, glabrescent; leaf blade nar-
Mixed forests on slopes or by streams in valleys; 1600–3800 m. rowly elliptic-ovate or obovate-lanceolate, 9–15 × 4–6.5 cm,
Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Myanmar]. both surfaces white tomentose when young, glabrescent, base
rounded or cuneate, margin irregularly serrate, apex acuminate,
In autumn, this is an ornamental tree with red leaves and abun- Corymb umbel-like, 3–5 cm in diam., 4- or 5-flowered; bracts
dant, red fruit. It is very adaptable to poor environmental conditions and caducous, linear-lanceolate, membranous, glabrous, margin en-
can be used as stock for grafting apple trees in W China.
tire, apex obtuse. Pedicel 1.5–3 cm, white tomentose. Flowers
1a. Leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, or 2.5–3 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially tomen-
narrowly elliptic-ovate, abaxially tose, prolonged into short tube at apex. Sepals ovate or lanceo-
tomentose, base rounded or cordate, late, ca. 8 mm, ca. as long as or slightly longer than hy-
lobes apically shortly acuminate ...... 24a. var. yunnanensis panthium, abaxially tomentose, adaxially densely tomentose,
1b. Leaf blade ovate, abaxially margin entire, apex acuminate. Petals yellowish white; obovate,
subglabrous, base usually cordate, 1–2 cm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens unequal,
lobes apically acute .................................. 24b. var. veitchii slightly shorter than petals. Ovary 4- or 5-loculed, with 2 ovules
per locule; styles 4 or 5, longer than stamens, long tomentose
24a. Malus yunnanensis var. yunnanensis basally. Pome yellowish red, globose, 2.5–5.5 cm in diam.; dis-
tal part of hypanthium tubular, 5–8 mm, core free; fruiting ped-
滇池海棠(原变种) dian chi hai tang (yuan bian zhong)
icel 1–3 cm, glabrous; sepals persistent. Fl. May, fr. Aug–Sep.
Pyrus yunnanensis Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 228. 1890;
Forests; 1000–2000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan,
Cormus yunnanensis (Franchet) Koidzumi; Docyniopsis yun-
Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Laos, Vietnam].
nanensis (Franchet) Koidzumi; Eriolobus yunnanensis (Fran-
chet) C. K. Schneider. This species can be used as stock for grafting apple trees in sub-
tropical regions. The fruit are edible.
Leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, or elliptic-ovate, abaxially
tomentose, base rounded or cordate, lobes shortly acuminate at In floral structure, this species is similar to Docynia, and some
authors have placed it in that genus. However, in Malus, there are two
apex.
ovules per locule, not many, as in Docynia. Consequently, it should be
Mixed forests on slopes or by streams in valleys; 1600–3800 m. retained in the genus Malus.
Sichuan, Yunnan [Myanmar].
26. Malus leiocalyca S. Z. Huang, Guihaia 9: 305. 1989.
24b. Malus yunnanensis var. veitchii (Osborn) Rehder, J. Ar-
nold Arbor. 4: 115. 1923. 光萼海棠 guang e hai tang
Shrubs or small trees, 4–10 m tall. Branchlets dark gray
川鄂滇池海棠 chuan e dian chi hai tang
when old, slightly curved, terete, sparsely pubescent when
Pyrus yunnanensis var. veitchii Osborn, Gard. Chron., ser. young, glabrous when old; buds reddish purple, ovoid, gla-
3, 78: 227. 1925. brous, rarely scales sparsely pubescent at margin. Stipules cadu-
cous, linear-lanceolate, membranous, adaxially sparsely pubes-
Leaf blade ovate, abaxially subglabrous, base usually cor-
cent, margin entire, apex acuminate; petiole 1.5–2.5 cm; leaf
date, lobes acute at apex.
blade elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 5–10 × 2.5–4 cm, sparsely pu-
● Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang. bescent when young, glabrescent, base rounded or broadly
 ROSACEAE

cune
ate, margin obtusely serrate, apex acute or acuminate. Corymb bose, 1.5–2.5 cm in diam., core free; fruiting pedicel 1–3 cm,
umbel-like, 4–5.5 cm in diam., 5–7-flowered; bracts caducous, glabrous; distal part of hypanthium tubular, 5–8 mm; sepals
lanceolate, membranous, glabrous, margin entire, apex acumi- persistent. Fl. May, fr. Aug–Sep.
nate. Pedicel 3–5 cm, glabrous. Flowers ca. 2.5 cm in diam. ● Mixed mountain forests, stream sides in valleys; 700–2400 m.
Hypanthium obcampanulate, glabrous, prolonged into short Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhe-
tube at apex. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, ca. 8 mm, ca. as long jiang.
as or slightly longer than hypanthium, abaxially glabrous, adax-
The protologue appears to indicate two types. However, rather
ially tomentose, margin entire, apex acuminate. Petals purplish
than regard the name as invalid, we consider the first-cited, flowering
white, obovate, 1–2 cm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. type (Exped. Wuyi 2414, IBSC, as “Typus fl”) to be the holotype be-
Stamens ca. 30, unequal, slightly shorter than petals. Ovary 5- cause it is immediately followed by an explicit citation of two isotypes
loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 5, slightly longer than (IBK, PE, as “Isotypus”). We consider the second-cited, fruiting type
stamens, white tomentose basally. Pome yellowish red, glo (Exped. Wuyi 00585, IBSC, as “Typus fr”) to be a paratype.

24. AMELANCHIER Medikus, Philos. Bot. 1: 155. 1789.16

唐棣属 tang di shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Stephen A. Spongberg
Shrubs or trees, deciduous; buds conspicuous, narrowly conical, with several scales. Leaves simple, petiolate, stipulate, venation
camptodromous, margin entire or serrate. Racemes terminal; bracts caducous. Hypanthium campanulate. Sepals 5, margin entire.
Petals 5, white, oblong or lanceolate, slender. Stamens 10–20. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, 2–5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule,
separated by a false partition from back of locule; styles 2–5, partly connate or free. Fruit a small berrylike pome, bluish black to
dark purple, usually juicy and sweet, incompletely 4–10-loculed, with one seed in each locule, crowned by persistent, usually
recurved sepals.
About 25 species: Asia, Europe, North America; two species (one endemic) in China.

1a. Leaf margin serrate apically, entire basally, abaxially pubescent only along midvein when young; peduncle and
pedicels glabrous ................................................................................................................................................................ 1. A. sinica
1b. Leaf margin wholly serrate, densely tomentose abaxially; peduncle and pedicels densely tomentose ......................... 2. A. asiatica
1. Amelanchier sinica (C. K. Schneider) Chun, Chin. Econ. ish white tomentose basally. Pome bluish black, subglobose or
Trees 168. 1921. depressed-globose, ca. 1 cm in diam.; sepals reflexed. Fl. May,
fr. Sep–Oct.
唐棣 tang di
● Slopes, among shrubs; 1000–2000 m. Henan, Gansu, Shaanxi,
Amelanchier asiatica (Siebold & Zuccarini) Endlicher ex Hubei, Sichuan.
Walpers var. sinica C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1:
736. 1906. 2. Amelanchier asiatica (Siebold & Zuccarini) Endlicher ex
Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 55. 1843.
Trees 3–5 m tall, rarely to 15 m tall, with loose branches.
Branchlets purplish brown or blackish brown, terete, slender, 东亚唐棣 dong ya tang di
glabrous or subglabrous, sparsely lenticellate; buds purplish Aronia asiatica Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. 1: 87. 1839;
brown, narrowly conical, margin of scales pubescent. Stipules Amelanchier canadensis Medikus var. asiatica (Siebold & Zuc-
caducous, lanceolate, membranous; petiole 1–2.1 cm, some- carini) Koidzumi; Pyrus taquetii H. Léveillé; P. vaniotii H.
times sparsely pubescent; leaf blade ovate or narrowly elliptic, Léveillé.
4–7 × 2.5–3.5 cm, abaxially pubescent along midvein when
Trees or shrubs, to 12 m tall, with loose branches. Branch-
young, glabrescent, base rounded, rarely subcordate or broadly lets blackish brown when old, terete, initially grayish white
cuneate, margin entire basally, minutely serrate apically, apex lanose, glabrate, sparsely pale lenticellate; buds conspicuous,
acute. Raceme 4–5 × 3–5 cm, many flowered; peduncle initially pale brown, narrowly conical, margin of scales pubescent. Stip-
sparsely pubescent, glabrescent; bracts caducous, linear-lanceo- ules caducous, lanceolate, membranous; petiole 1–1.5 cm, gray-
late. Pedicel 0.8–2.8 cm, slender, initially sparsely pubescent, ish white tomentose when young, glabrescent; leaf blade ovate
glabrescent. Flowers 3–4.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, to elliptic, rarely ovate-lanceolate, 4–6 × 2.5–3.5 cm, abaxially
abaxially initially pubescent, glabrescent. Sepals lanceolate or initially densely grayish white or yellowish brown tomentose,
triangular-lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, nearly as long as hypanthium. subglabrescent, base rounded or subcordate, margin minutely
Petals white, oblong, lanceolate, or elliptic-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 sharply serrate along entire length, apex acute. Raceme 4–7 ×
cm × 5 mm, slender, apex acute. Stamens 20, 1/7–1/5 as long as 3–5 cm, many flowered; peduncle white tomentose when
petals, 2–4 mm. Styles 5, shorter than stamens, densely yellow- young, glabrescent; bracts linear-lanceolate. Pedicel 1.5–2.5

16
Contributions were received from Christopher S. Campbell, Herbarium, Biological Sciences Department, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469-5722, U.S.A.
 ROSACEAE

cm, slender, white tomentose when young, glabrescent. Flowers in diam.; sepals reflexed. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep.
3–3.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially tomen-
tose. Sepals lanceolate, ca. 8 mm, ca. 2 × as long as hypan- On slopes by streams, mixed forests; 1000–2000 m. S Anhui
thium. Petals white, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5– (Huang Shan), NW Jiangxi (Mufu Shan), S Shaanxi (Qin Ling), NW
2 cm × 5–7 mm, slender, apex acute. Stamens 15–20, 1/7–1/5 Zhejiang (Tianmu Shan) [Japan, Korea].
as long as petals. Styles 5, mostly connate, tomentose basally.
Pome bluish black, subglobose or depressed-globose, 1–1.5 cm

3. Subfam. ROSOIDEAE
蔷薇亚科 qiang wei ya ke
Shrubs or herbs. Leaves stipulate; leaf blade compound, rarely simple, margin usually serrate. Carpels many, free; ovary superi-
or, rarely inferior; ovules 1 or 2, pendulous or erect, anatropous. Fruit an achene (torus sometimes fleshy and berrylike), rarely a
drupelet. x = 7, 8, 9.
About 35 genera and 1500 species: nearly cosmopolitan, especially in temperate and subarctic regions of N hemisphere; 22 genera (one en-
demic) and 459 species (242 endemic) in China.

1a. Achenes enclosed in cupular or urn-shaped torus.

2a. Carpels numerous; torus fleshy at maturity; shrubs; stems usually prickly ................................................................... 41. Rosa
2b. Carpels 1–4; torus dry and hard at maturity; herbs perennial or shrublets; stems not prickly.
3a. Flowers 3-merous; style basal; shrublets .......................................................................................................... 42. Potaninia
3b. Flowers (4 or)5-merous; style terminal, rarely basal or sub-basal; herbs perennial.
4a. Petals present.
5a. Hypanthium with hooklike spines abaxially; epicalyx segments absent; stamens 5–15 .................. 43. Agrimonia
5b. Hypanthium without hooklike spines abaxially; epicalyx segments present; stamens 35–40 ........... 44. Spenceria
4b. Petals absent.
6a. Leaves pinnate; sepals imbricate, epicalyx segments absent; stamens 4–15; style terminal;
flowers usually in spicate or capitate inflorescences, bisexual, rarely unisexual (when plants
monoecious) ..................................................................................................................................... 45. Sanguisorba
6b. Leaves simple, mostly palmately lobed or parted; sepals valvate, epicalyx segments present;
stamens 1–5; style basal or sub-basal; flowers usually in corymbose cymes, always bisexual ........ 46. Alchemilla
1b. Achenes or drupelets borne on flat or convex torus.
7a. Carpels 4–15, borne at base of flat or slightly concave torus; stipules not adnate to petiole.
8a. Herbs perennial; leaves pinnate or pinnately or palmately lobed; flowers numerous in a terminal panicle
or corymb, small ............................................................................................................................................. 27. Filipendula
8b. Shrubs; leaves simple; flowers solitary, large.
9a. Leaves alternate; flowers 5-merous; petals yellow; epicalyx segments absent; carpels 5–8 .......................... 25. Kerria
9b. Leaves opposite; flowers 4-merous; petals white; epicalyx segments present; carpels 4 ...................... 26. Rhodotypos
7b. Carpels several to numerous, borne on globose or conic torus; stipules adnate to petiole or not.
10a. Fruit drupelets or drupaceous achenes; stems prickly, rarely unarmed ............................................................... 28. Rubus
10b. Fruit achenes; stems unarmed.
11a. Style terminal or subterminal.
12a. Style deciduous.
13a. Herbs low; basal leaves pinnate, with many leaflets; carpels many; stamens persistent ...... 33. Coluria
13b. Herbs creeping; basal leaves 3–5-foliolate or 3–5-parted; carpels 2–6; stamens
deciduous ......................................................................................................................... 34. Waldsteinia
12b. Style persistent.
14a. Shrubs dwarf; leaves simple, entire or lobed; flowers (6–)8–10-merous ................................ 29. Dryas
14b. Herbs perennial; basal leaves pinnate, rarely simple; flowers 5-merous.
15a. Style jointed, distal part separating from joint at fruit maturity, proximal part
persistent and apically hooked ......................................................................................... 30. Geum
15b. Style not jointed, wholly persistent at fruit maturity.
16a. Basal leaves pinnate, with many leaflets; plants hermaphroditic; petals
yellow; style not or slightly elongated at fruiting ......................................... 31. Acomastylis
16b. Basal leaves simple; plants polygamo-monoecious or polygamo-dioecious;
petals white; style distinctly elongated at fruiting ........................................... 32. Taihangia
11b. Style basal, lateral, or subterminal.
17a. Torus inflated and fleshy when ripe.
18a. Petals white; epicalyx segments smaller than sepals .......................................................... 39. Fragaria
 ROSACEAE

18b. Petals yellow; epicalyx segments larger than sepals ........................................................ 40. Duchesnea
17b. Torus dry when ripe.
19a. Stamens and carpels many.
20a. Petals yellow or white, longer than sepals ................................................................ 35. Potentilla
20b. Petals purple or white, shorter than or subequaling sepals ....................................... 36. Comarum
19b. Stamens 4 or 5; carpels 4–20.
21a. Stamens alternate with petals; basal leaves palmately or pinnately
compound; epicalyx segments present ...................................................................... 37. Sibbaldia
21b. Stamens opposite to petals; leaves 3-parted or 2 or 3 × compound;
epicalyx segments absent ................................................................................. 38. Chamaerhodos

25. KERRIA Candolle, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 12: 156. 1818.
棣棠花属 di tang hua shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba
Shrubs deciduous. Branchlets virgate, arising from scaly buds, slender. Leaves alternate; stipules linear-subulate, caducous; leaf
blade simple, margin doubly serrate. Flowers terminal on lateral branchlets, solitary, large, bisexual. Hypanthium shortly saucer-
shaped, flat. Sepals 5, valvate. Petals 5, yellow, base shortly clawed. Stamens numerous, in several series. Carpels 5, free, included in
hypanthium; ovules 2, laterally attached to middle of suture, 1 abortive; style apical, erect, filiform, apex truncate. Fruit an achene,
laterally compressed, glabrous. x = 9.
One species: China, Japan.

1. Kerria japonica (Linnaeus) Candolle, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon- adaxially glabrous or sparsely pilose, base subcordate, rounded,
don 12: 157. 1818. or truncate, margin sharply doubly serrate, apex acuminate.
Flowers 2.5–6 cm in diam.; pedicel 8–15 mm, glabrous. Sepals
棣棠花 di tang hua
persistent in fruit, ovate-elliptic, glabrous, margin serrulate or
Rubus japonicus Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 2: 245. 1771; Cor- entire, apex rounded to acute. Petals broadly elliptic, 1.5–2 × 1–
chorus japonicus Thunberg; Kerria japonica var. denticulata L. 1.8 cm, 1–4 × as long as sepals, apex emarginate. Achenes
C. Wang & X. G. Sun. brownish black, obovoid or hemispheric, 4–4.5 × 3.5–4 mm,
rugose. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug. 2n = 18.
Shrubs 1–2(–3) m tall. Branchlets green, usually arcuate,
terete, angled when young, glabrous. Stipules deciduous after Thickets on mountain slopes; 200–3000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu,
flowering, oblong-lanceolate, membranous, margin ciliate; peti- Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong,
ole 5–15 mm, glabrous or pilose; leaf blade triangular-ovate or Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
ovate, 3–10 × 2–4 cm, abaxially pilose on veins or in vein axils, This species is used medicinally and cultivated for ornament.

26. RHODOTYPOS Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. 1: 185. 1841.

鸡麻属 ji ma shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba
Shrubs deciduous. Buds with imbricate scales. Leaves opposite; stipules free, linear, membranous, caducous; leaf blade simple,
ovate, margin sharply doubly serrate. Flowers terminal on branchlets, solitary, bisexual. Hypanthium saucer-shaped, flat. Sepals 4, in
2 pairs, imbricate, leaflike, with 4 epicalyx segments in-between. Petals 4, opposite sepals, white, base shortly clawed. Stamens nu-
merous, in several series. Disk crowning hypanthium, large, thick, dissected into 4 lobes. Carpels usually 4; ovary covered by 4 lobes
of disk at flowering; ovules 2, pendulous, 1 abortive; style terminal, exserted, filiform; stigma capitate. Fruit a drupe; epicarp smooth,
dry. Seed 1, obovoid; cotyledons plano-convex, adaxially 3-veined. x = 9.
One species: China, Japan, Korea.

1. Rhodotypos scandens (Thunberg) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tok- leaf blade 4–11 × 3–6 cm, abaxially sericeous when young,
yo) 27: 126. 1913. sparsely pilose on veins when old, adaxially pilose when young,
鸡麻 ji ma glabrescent later, base rounded to subcordate, apex acuminate.
Flowers 3–5 cm in diam. Sepals ovate-elliptic, sparsely serice-
Corchorus scandens Thunberg, Trans. Linn. Soc. London ous distally, apex acute; epicalyx segments linear, 1/5–1/4 as
2: 335. 1794; Kerria tetrapetala Siebold; Rhodotypos kerri- long as sepals. Petals obovate, 1/4–1/3 as long as sepals. Drupes
oides Siebold & Zuccarini; R. tetrapetala (Siebold) Makino. 1–4, brownish black, obliquely ellipsoid, ca. 8 mm. Fl. Apr–
Shrubs 0.5–2(3) m tall. Branchlets green when young, May, fr. Jun–Sep. 2n = 18.
later brown, glabrous. Stipules pilose; petiole 2–5 mm, pilose;
 ROSACEAE

Forests on mountain slopes or in valleys; 100–800 m. Anhui, Gan- This species is used medicinally and cultivated for ornament.
su, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Zhejiang [Ja-
pan, Korea].

27. FILIPENDULA Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4, [512]. 1754.

蚊子草属 wen zi cao shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba
Herbs perennial, rhizomatous. Rhizome short, oblique, here and there thickened into tubers, clothed with fibers. Stipules large
or small, subcordate to ovate-lanceolate; leaf blade pinnate; leaflets pinnately or palmately lobed. Inflorescence corymbose-cymose
or paniculate-cymose; central branch shortened and flowering first. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual (when plants dioecious). Se-
pals 5, reflexed after flowering. Petals 5, imbricate, white, pink, or red, base clawed. Stamens 20–40. Carpels 5–15, inserted on plane
or slightly elevated receptacle, free; ovules 1 or 2; style terminal; stigma capitate. Fruit an achene, free, compressed, crowned by base
of style. Seed pendulous, terete, with very little endosperm. x = 7, 8.
More than ten species: mainly in N temperate zone; seven species (one endemic) in China.

The fruit of Filipendula has been described as an indehiscent follicle. It is described here as an achene because it is indehiscent, as opposed to a
typical, dehiscent follicle. In fact, it may be intermediate between an achene and a follicle.

1a. Achenes attached to receptacle adaxially near base, spirally contorted and appearing united; terminal leaflets
3–5-lobed ......................................................................................................................................................................... 7. F. ulmaria
1b. Achenes attached to receptacle at base, not contorted, obviously free; terminal leaflets 5–9-lobed.
2a. Terminal leaflets with linear to lanceolate lobes.
3a. Leaf blades abaxially white tomentose; pedicels distally densely pubescent; sepals distally densely
pubescent; achenes shortly stipitate, bristly-hairy at margin ...................................................................... 5. F. ×intermedia
3b. Leaf blades abaxially glabrous; pedicels glabrescent or pilose; sepals distally glabrous; achenes sessile,
glabrous, rarely hairy at margin ................................................................................................................... 6. F. angustiloba
2b. Terminal leaflets with ovate or lanceolate to rhombic-ovate or rhombic-lanceolate lobes.
4a. Lateral leaflets of radical and lower cauline leaves 3–5-parted, terminal leaflet with lanceolate to rhombic-
lanceolate lobes .................................................................................................................................................. 1. F. palmata
4b. Lateral leaflets of radical and lower cauline leaves entire or only slightly lobed, terminal leaflet with
ovate to rhombic-ovate lobes.
5a. Leaf blade abaxially densely white or brownish tomentose, appressed ferrugineous pilose on veins ........ 2. F. vestita
5b. Leaf blade abaxially glabrescent or sparsely pilose on veins.
6a. Lateral leaflets of radical leaves in 6–8 pairs; stipules of cauline leaves oblong to ovate, large,
margin serrate ................................................................................................................................ 3. F. kiraishiensis
6b. Lateral leaflets of radical leaves in 1–3 pairs; stipules of cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate, small,
margin entire or few serrate ............................................................................................................. 4. F. glaberrima
1. Filipendula palmata (Pallas) Maximowicz, Trudy Imp. S.- shady and moist places; 200–2300 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liao-
Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 250. 1879. ning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi [N Korea, Mongolia, E Russia].

蚊子草 wen zi cao 1a. Stems pubescent; leaf blades abaxially

densely white tomentose .......................... 1a. var. palmata
Plants 0.6–1.5 m tall. Stems sulcate, pubescent or glabre- 1b. Stems glabrescent; leaf blades abaxially
scent. Stipules semicordate, large, herbaceous, margin sharply glabrous or sparsely pubescent .................... 1b. var. glabra
doubly serrate; petiole pubescent or subglabrous; leaf blade
pinnate, with 2 pairs of lateral leaflets, abaxially densely white 1a. Filipendula palmata var. palmata
tomentose, sparsely pubescent, or glabrous, adaxially sparsely 蚊子草(原变种) wen zi cao (yuan bian zhong)
pubescent or glabrous; terminal leaflet palmately 5–9-parted,
rather large, segments lanceolate to rhombic-lanceolate, mar- Spiraea palmata Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 735. 1776;
gin lobed or sharply doubly serrate; lateral leaflets 3–5-parted, Filipendula amurensis (Baranov) Baranov; F. palmata var.
smaller than terminal one. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate, amurensis Baranov; F. palmata var. stenoloba Baranov ex
many flowered. Flowers bisexual, 5–7 mm in diam.; pedicel Liou et al.; S. digitata Willdenow.
sparsely pubescent, glabrescent when old. Sepals ovate, gla- Stems pubescent. Leaf blades abaxially densely white to-
brous abaxially. Petals white, obovate, base long clawed. mentose, adaxially glabrous. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep.
Achenes basally attached to receptacle, shortly stipitate, erect,
long ciliate along abaxial and adaxial sides. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep. Forest margins, valleys, grassy areas; 200–2000 m. Hebei, Hei-
longjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi [N Korea, Mongolia, E
2n = 28, 42–44.
Russia].
Forest margins, sunny mountain slopes, valleys, grassy areas,
1b. Filipendula palmata var. glabra Ledebour ex Komarov &
 ROSACEAE

Alissova-Klobulova, Key Pl. Far East. URSS 2: 650. 1932. Filipendula camtschatica (Pallas) Maximowicz subsp.
glaberrima (Nakai) Voroschilov; F. glabra Nakai ex Komarov
光叶蚊子草 guang ye wen zi cao
& Alissova-Klobukova; F. multijuga Maximowicz var. alba
Filipendula nuda Grubov; F. palmata f. nuda (Grubov) T. Nakai; F. multijuga subsp. yezoensis (H. Hara) Voroschilov; F.
Shimizu. yezoensis H. Hara; F. yezoensis f. alba (Nakai) Y. N. Lee.
Stems glabrescent. Leaf blades on both surfaces glabrous Plants 0.5–1.5 m tall. Stems erect, sulcate, glabrous. Stip-
or sparsely pubescent. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep. ules usually tinged brown-green, small, ovate-lanceolate, herba-
ceous or semimembranous, margin entire or few serrate; petiole
Sunny mountain slopes, valleys, shady and moist places; 400–
3–10 cm, glabrous; leaf blade pinnate, with 1–3 pairs of leaflets
2300 m. Hebei, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi [E Russia].
and intercalary segments, glabrous or abaxially sparsely pilose
2. Filipendula vestita (Wallich ex G. Don) Maximowicz, on veins; terminal leaflet orbicular to broadly ovate, usually
Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 248. 1879. palmately 5–7-lobed, 7–15 × 8–16 cm, base shallowly cordate,
lobes ovate, margin doubly serrate or somewhat lobed, apex
锈脉蚊子草 xiu mai wen zi cao
caudate-acuminate; lateral leaflets oblong-ovate or ovate-lan-
Spiraea vestita Wallich ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 521. ceolate, small, margin doubly serrate. Inflorescence terminal or
1832; S. camtschatica Pallas var. himalensis Lindley. from axils of upper cauline leaves, paniculate. Flowers bisex-
ual, 4–5 mm in diam.; pedicel glabrous. Sepals 4 or 5, ovate, 1–
Plants 0.7–1.5 m tall. Stems sulcate, ferrugineous pubes-
1.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm, glabrous abaxially, apex obtuse or acute.
cent. Radical leaves: stipules semicordate, large, herbaceous,
Petals 4 or 5, pink to white, obovate, base shortly clawed.
margin doubly serrate; petiole ferrugineous pubescent; leaf
Achenes erect, stipitate, long ciliate along abaxial and adaxial
blade lyrately pinnate, with 3–5 pairs of leaflets and intercalary
sides. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.
segments, abaxially densely grayish white or brownish tomen-
tose, densely ferrugineous pubescent on veins, adaxially subgla- Forests, forest and mountain stream banks; 700–1500 m. Heilong-
brous or sparsely pubescent; terminal leaflet usually palmately jiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Japan, Korea, Russia].
3–5-lobed, rather large, lobes ovate, margin doubly serrate or This species was treated in FRPS as Filipendula purpurea Maxi-
inconspicuously lobed, apex acute to acuminate; lateral leaflets mowicz, but true ×F. purpurea is a cultivated hybrid in Japan.
small. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate. Flowers bisexual, 5–6
5. Filipendula ×intermedia (Glehn) Juzepczuk in Komarov,
mm in diam.; pedicel densely tomentose. Sepals ovate, abax-
Fl. URSS 10: 284. 1941.
ially sparsely pilose and tomentose, apex subobtuse or acute.
Petals white, obovate. Achenes sessile, strigose-ciliate along 翻白蚊子草 fan bai wen zi cao
abaxial and adaxial sides. Fl. and fr. May–Aug.
Spiraea digitata Willdenow var. intermedia Glehn, Trudy
Alpine meadows, river banks; 3000–3200 m. Yunnan [Afghani- Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 4: 38. 1876; Filipendula angust-
stan, Kashmir, Nepal].
iloba (Turczaninow) Maximowicz var. tomentosa Maximo-
3. Filipendula kiraishiensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 39. wicz.
1920.
Plants 80–100 cm tall. Stems sulcate, subglabrous. Stip-
台湾蚊子草 tai wan wen zi cao ules semicordate, enlarged, herbaceous, margin serrate; petiole
Plants ca. 30 cm tall, polygamous. Stems sparsely pilose. subglabrous; leaf blade pinnate, with 2–5 pairs of leaflets,
Stipules of radical and lower cauline leaves membranous, those abaxially white tomentose and pilose on veins, adaxially gla-
of middle-upper cauline leaves herbaceous, oblong to ovate, brous; terminal leaflet usually 7–9-lobed, equaling or slightly
margin irregularly serrate; radical leaves: petiole of subgla- larger than lateral ones, lobes linear or lanceolate, margin regu-
brous; leaf blade lyrately pinnate, with 6–8 pairs of leaflets, larly serrate or not, apex acuminate; lateral leaflets resembling
abaxially sparsely pilose on veins; terminal leaflet usually terminal one, becoming smaller and less lobed toward base of
palmately 5-lobed, large, lobes ovate, margin sharply doubly leaf. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate. Flowers bisexual; pedi-
serrate, apex shortly acuminate to caudate; lateral leaflets ovate, cel usually pubescent. Sepals ovate, densely pubescent abaxi-
gradually smaller toward base of leaf, margin irregularly serrate ally, apex obtuse or acute. Petals white, obovate. Achenes erect,
or doubly serrate, apex acute or acuminate; cauline leaves re- shortly stipitate, hirsute-ciliate along abaxial and adaxial sides.
sembling radical ones but with 1–4 pairs of leaflets. Inflo- Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.
rescence cymose; peduncle brown villous. Flowers 6–8 mm in Mountain thickets, meadows, river banks. Heilongjiang, Jilin
diam. Sepals triangular, minute, glabrous. Petals oblong or obo- [Mongolia, Russia].
vate, base tapering into a short claw, apex rounded. Achenes 7–
9, glabrous. Fl. and fr. Jul–Aug. Filipendula ×intermedia is a putative, natural hybrid between F.
angustiloba and F. palmata.
● Alpine habitats; ca. 3000 m. Taiwan.
6. Filipendula angustiloba (Turczaninow) Maximowicz, Trudy
4. Filipendula glaberrima Nakai, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 250. 1879.
Veg. 13: 274. 1914.
细叶蚊子草 xi ye wen zi cao
槭叶蚊子草 qi ye wen zi cao
Spiraea angustiloba Turczaninow in Fischer & C. A.
 ROSACEAE

Meyer, Index Sem. Hort. Petrop. 8: 72. 1842; Filipendula sharply serrate; petiole glabrous; leaf blade pinnate, with 2–5
angustiloba var. glabra Maximowicz. pairs of leaflets, abaxially white tomentose, sometimes a few
basal leaflets glabrescent, adaxially glabrous; terminal leaflet 3–
Plants 50–120 cm tall. Stems sulcate, glabrous. Stipules
5-lobed, slightly smaller to slightly larger than lateral ones,
green, broadly semicordate, herbaceous, margin serrate; leaf
lobes lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, margin doubly serrate or
blade pinnate, with 2–5 pairs of leaflets, both surfaces green
slightly lobed, apex acuminate; lateral leaflets oblong-ovate or
and glabrous; terminal leaflet usually 7–9-lobed, slightly larger
elliptic-lanceolate, base rounded, margin doubly serrate, apex
than lateral ones, lobes lanceolate, margin sharply irregularly
acuminate. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate. Flowers bisexu-
serrate, apex acuminate; lateral leaflets resembling terminal one
al, ca. 5 mm in diam.; pedicel sparsely pubescent. Sepals ovate,
but less lobed. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate. Flowers bis-
densely pubescent abaxially, apex obtuse or acute. Petals white,
sexual, ca. 5 mm in diam.; pedicel glabrescent or sparsely
obovate. Achenes attached to receptacle adaxially near base,
pilose. Sepals ovate, apex obtuse. Petals white, obovate.
subsessile, spirally contorted and appearing united. Fl. and fr.
Achenes erect, sessile, glabrous or hairy along ridge. Fl. and fr.
Jun–Sep. 2n = 14.
Jun–Aug.
Mountain thickets, meadows, river banks. Xinjiang [Mongolia,
Damp places in forests, meadows, river banks; 600–1300 m. Hei-
Russia; C and SW Asia, Europe].
longjiang, Nei Mongol [Mongolia, E Russia].

7. Filipendula ulmaria (Linnaeus) Maximowicz, Trudy Imp.

S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 251. 1879.
旋果蚊子草 xuan guo wen zi cao
Spiraea ulmaria Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 490. 1753.
Plants 80–100 cm tall. Stems sulcate, glabrous. Stipules
green, semicordate or ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, margin

28. RUBUS Linnaeus, Sp. P1. 1: 492. 1753.

悬钩子属 xuan gou zi shu
Lu Lingdi (陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti); David E. Boufford
Shrubs or subshrubs, deciduous, rarely evergreen or semievergreen, sometimes perennial creeping dwarf herbs. Stems erect,
climbing, arching, or prostrate, glabrous or hairy, usually with prickles or bristles, sometimes with glandular hairs, rarely unarmed.
Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, palmately or pinnately compound, divided or undivided, toothed, glabrous or hairy, sometimes
with glandular hairs, bristles, or glands; stipules persistent, ± adnate to petiole basally, undivided or occasionally lobed, persistent or
caducous, near base of petiole or at junction of stem and petiole, free, usually dissected, occasionally entire. Flowers bisexual, rarely
unisexual and plants dioecious, in cymose panicles, racemes, or corymbs, or several in clusters or solitary. Calyx expanded, some-
times with a short, broad tube; sepals persistent, erect or reflexed, (4 or)5(–8). Petals usually 5, rarely more, occasionally absent,
white, pink, or red, glabrous or hairy, margin entire, rarely premorse. Stamens numerous, sometimes few, inserted at mouth of hy-
panthium; filaments filiform; anthers didymous. Carpels many, rarely few, inserted on convex torus, each carpel becoming a drupelet
or drupaceous achene; locule 1; ovules 2, only 1 developing, collateral, pendulous; style filiform, subterminal, glabrous or hairy; stig-
ma simple, capitate. Drupelets or drupaceous achenes aggregated on semispherical, conical, or cylindrical torus, forming an aggre-
gate fruit, separating from torus and aggregate hollow, or adnate to torus and falling with torus attached at maturity and aggregate
solid; seed pendulous, testa membranous; cotyledons plano-convex.
About 700 species: worldwide, particularly abundant in temperate regions of N hemisphere, a few species extending into S hemisphere; 208
species (139 endemic) in China.
Rubus umbellifer H. Léveillé (Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg 6: 111. 1908), described from China, is referable to Grewia biloba G. Don var.
biflora (Bunge) Handel-Mazzetti (Tiliaceae).

The Chinese species of Rubus are mostly native and rare in cultivation. The fruit of many species are eaten raw or used for making jam, jelly,
juice, candy, various drinks, wine, and vinegar. The dried fruits, seeds, and leaves are used in traditional Chinese medicine and the leaves are also used
for tea. Some species are suitable for ornamental use, for hedges, or as ground covers. The stems and roots of some species are a source of tannin.

1a. Herbs, prostrate or creeping, rarely subshrubs, unarmed or sometimes with needle-like prickles or bristles;
stipules free.
2a. Flowers unisexual (plants dioecious); leaves simple ............................................................................ 8. R. sect. Chamaemorus
2b. Flowers bisexual; leaves simple or compound.
3a. Plants with needle-like prickles or bristles; leaves simple; calyx usually with needle-like prickles
or bristles abaxially; carpels more than 20, rarely less .................................................................... 6. R. sect. Chamaebatus
3b. Plants unarmed, rarely with needle-like prickles; leaves compound, 3–5-foliolate; calyx unarmed
 ROSACEAE

abaxially or sometimes with soft bristles; carpels fewer than 20, rarely more ........................................ 7. R. sect. Cylactis
1b. Shrubs, rarely subshrubs or herbs, usually with robust or needle-like prickles; stipules free or adnate to base
of petiole.
4a. Stipules free, usually dissected, persistent or caducous; leaves simple or palmately compound.
5a. Plants prickly; stipules caducous or persistent; leaves simple, rarely palmately or pedately
compound ........................................................................................................................................ 4. R. sect. Malachobatus
5b. Plants densely bristly, bristles rarely with intermixed sparse, needle-like or small prickles;
stipules persistent, rarely caducous; leaves simple ...................................................................... 5. R. sect. Dalibardastrum
4b. Stipules adnate to base of petiole, rarely free, undivided, occasionally lobed, persistent.
6a. Leaves pinnately or palmately compound, (3–)5–11(–15)-foliolate, or simple; aggregate fruit
separating from torus at maturity, hollow ............................................................................................. 1. R. sect. Idaeobatus
6b. Leaves usually ternate, sometimes pedately or palmately compound, rarely simple; aggregate fruit
separating from or adnate to torus, hollow or not.
7a. Evergreen shrubs; leaves leathery; aggregate fruit separating from or adnate to torus at
maturity, hollow or not ................................................................................................................ 2. R. sect. Lampobatus
7b. Deciduous shrubs; leaves papery; aggregate fruit adnate to, rarely separating from torus at
maturity, rarely hollow .......................................................................................................................... 3. R. sect. Rubus
1. Rubus sect. Idaeobatus Focke, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 4: 143. 1874.
空心莓组 kong xin mei zu
Shrubs, rarely subshrubs or herbs, usually with robust or needle-like prickles. Leaves pinnately or palmately compound, (3–)5–
11(–15)-foliolate, or simple; stipules persistent, mostly adnate to base of petiole, narrower than petiole, rarely broader, undivided,
sometimes lobed. Flowers bisexual, in cymose panicles, subracemes, or corymbs, rarely several in clusters or solitary. Aggregate
fruit separating from torus at maturity, hollow.
Eighty-eight species (55 endemic) in China.
1a. Leaves simple.
2a. Carpels ca. 100 or slightly more; aggregate fruit terete or cylindrical; leaves peltate .............................................. 79. R. peltatus
2b. Carpels ca. 10–60, rarely slightly more; aggregate fruit subglobose or ovoid-globose; leaves not peltate.
3a. Leaves palmately 3–5(–7)-divided, palmately 5-veined from base, pubescent along veins on both surfaces.
4a. Leaves ovate to narrowly ovate, 3–5-lobed; flowers 1–1.5 cm, several in clusters or in short terminal
racemes; aggregate fruit ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous ................................................................................ 87. R. crataegifolius
4b. Leaves suborbicular, palmately (3–)5(–7)-parted; flowers 2.5–4 cm in diam., solitary; aggregate fruit
1.5–2 cm in diam., densely hairy .......................................................................................................................... 88. R. chingii
3b. Leaves undivided or 3-lobed, palmately 3-veined from base, glabrous or hairy.
5a. Plants glabrous, without glandular hairs.
6a. Flowers 3 or more, in short racemes; pistils ca. 10–50, glabrous ................................................................. 84. R. trianthus
6b. Flowers solitary; pistils 50–100, glabrous or tomentose.
7a. Leaf margin coarsely sharply serrate or doubly serrate; flowers red; pistils glabrous .............................. 85. R. grayanus
7b. Leaf margin simply serrate; flowers white; pistils densely gray tomentose ............................................... 86. R. yanyunii
5b. Plants soft hairy, rarely pubescent only along veins.
8a. Plants with glandular hairs; flowers ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; aggregate fruit glabrous ................................ 80. R. glabricarpus
8b. Plants without glandular hairs; flowers 2–3 cm in diam.; aggregate fruit pubescent.
9a. Leaves broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, usually 3-parted to near middle; abaxial surface of calyx
with sparse, straight needle-like prickles; flowers solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3 .................................. 83. R. taitoensis
9b. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, undivided, rarely those of sterile branchlets 3-lobed; abaxial surface
of calyx unarmed; flowers solitary or several in a cluster.
10a. Plants pubescent throughout; sepals ovate or triangular-ovate, 5–8 mm, acute to shortly
acuminate; petals white, longer than sepals ................................................................................. 81. R. corchorifolius
10b. Plants glabrous or slightly pubescent only on leaf veins; sepals triangular-lanceolate, 10–15
mm, acuminate to caudate; petals red, shorter than sepals ........................................................... 82. R. kwangsiensis
1b. Leaves compound (only R. impressinervus with simple leaves).
11a. Leaves palmately compound; terminal leaflet sessile or nearly so.
12a. Leaves palmately 3-foliolate; leaflets pilose on both surfaces; branchlets, petioles, pedicel, and abaxial
surface of calyx with glandular hairs; abaxial surface of calyx with needle-like prickles; aggregate fruit
glabrous .......................................................................................................................................................... 77. R. pentagonus
12b. Leaves palmately 5-foliolate; leaflets pilose only along veins on both surfaces; branchlets, petioles,
pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx without glandular hairs; abaxial surface of calyx unarmed;
 ROSACEAE

aggregate fruit villous ........................................................................................................................... 78. R. quinquefoliolatus

11b. Leaves imparipinnate, terminal leaflet prominently petiolulate.
13a. Stipules and bracts ovate-lanceolate, ovate, or suborbicular.
14a. Stipules and bracts ovate-lanceolate to ovate; leaves 3(–5)-foliolate, terminal leaflet broadly ovate,
2- or 3-lobed, lateral leaflets coarsely doubly serrate; pedicel with minute prickles .................................. 75. R. lasiostylus
14b. Stipules and bracts broadly ovate or suborbicular; leaves 5(–7)-foliolate, terminal leaflet elliptic,
undivided, lateral leaflets coarsely serrate; pedicel unarmed ................................................................... 76. R. wushanensis
13b. Stipules and bracts linear, linear-lanceolate, or lanceolate, occasionally subulate.
15a. Leaves 3-foliolate, rarely 5-foliolate, sometimes simple, leathery; carpels 70–100, rarely more.
16a. Leaves simple; herbs; flowers solitary .............................................................................................. 74. R. impressinervus
16b. Leaves 3-foliolate, rarely 5-foliolate; shrubs or subshrubs; flowers several, in terminal corymbs,
in clusters of 2 or 3, or solitary.
17a. Abaxial surface of calyx with hooklike prickles; petiolule of terminal leaflet 0.5–0.8 cm; leaflets
lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, coarsely serrate; flowers solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3 .................. 69. R. delavayi
17b. Abaxial surface of calyx unarmed; petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm; leaflets ovate to
elliptic-lanceolate; flowers 1–8.
18a. Terminal leaflet nearly as long as or slightly longer than lateral leaflets; pistils 70–80, rarely to 100
or more; torus nearly sessile.
19a. Leaflets ovate to ovate-elliptic, base rounded, coarsely sharply serrate; sepals ovate, apically
acute; flowers 3–8 in terminal corymbs ......................................................................................... 70. R. leucanthus
19b. Leaflets narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, base cuneate, densely sharply serrulate to
incised-doubly serrate; sepals ovate-lanceolate, long caudate; flowers 1–3(–5) ................ 71. R. zhaogoshanensis
18b. Terminal leaflet much longer than lateral leaflets; pistils more than 100; torus shortly stipitate.
20a. Leaflets elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, terminal one ca. 2 × as long as lateral leaflets, margin
densely unevenly coarsely serrate; flowers 3–4 cm in diam., in terminal corymbs 3–7-flowered,
rarely flowers solitary; ovary glabrous ........................................................................................ 72. R. columellaris
20b. Leaflets narrowly lanceolate, terminal leaflet ca. 4 × as long as lateral leaflets, margin remotely
and shallowly serrulate; flowers 1.5–2 cm, solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3; apex of ovary
pubescent ................................................................................................................................... 73. R. paucidentatus
15b. Leaves (3–)5–11(–15)-foliolate, not leathery; carpels 10–70 or ca. 100 or more.
21a. Carpels ca. 100 or more, usually inserted on stipitate torus; terminal inflorescences corymbs, rarely
short racemes, or flowers several in clusters or solitary.
22a. Plants without glandular hairs, but with glands, sometimes with sparse, short glandular hairs only on
flowering branchlets or pedicel; flowers solitary or several in cluster, occasionally in short racemes.
23a. Plants eglandular.
24a. Leaflets ovate or elliptic, rarely ovate-lanceolate, sharply incised-doubly serrate; pedicel
2.5–5 cm; aggregate fruit subglobose, 0.9–1.1 cm in diam. ........................................................ 67. R. eustephanos
24b. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, irregularly and doubly serrate; pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm;
aggregate fruit globose to ellipsoid, to 1.5 cm in diam. ............................................................ 68. R. fraxinifoliolus
23b. Plants glandular.
25a. Plants glabrous; ovary with few hairs apically ............................................................................... 66. R. lanyuensis
25b. Plants pubescent; ovary glabrous or pubescent.
26a. Shrubs, erect or scandent; flowers 2–3 cm in diam.; ovary glabrous; aggregate fruit
ovoid-globose or narrowly obovoid to oblong, 8–12 mm in diam. .............................................. 64. R. rosifolius
26b. Subshrubs; flowers less than 2 cm in diam.; ovary pubescent; aggregate fruit globose,
5–7 mm in diam. .................................................................................................................... 65. R. pararosifolius
22b. Plants with glandular hairs; terminal corymbs several flowered or sometimes flowers solitary.
27a. Plants pubescent, with longer glandular hairs; aggregate fruit oblong or subglobose.
28a. Aggregate fruit oblong; flowers 1–2 cm in diam........................................................................... 58. R. sumatranus
28b. Aggregate fruit subglobose; flowers 2–4 cm in diam.
29a. Flowers 2–3 cm in diam.; pedicel 2–3 cm ............................................................................ 59. R. croceacanthus
29b. Flowers 3–4 cm in diam.; pedicel (2–)3–6 cm ................................................................................ 60. R. hirsutus
27b. Plants glabrous, rarely partly pilose, with shorter glandular hairs; aggregate fruit subglobose.
30a. Flowers 2–3 cm in diam., solitary, rarely 2–5 in terminal corymbs; sepals narrowly
triangular or triangular-lanceolate .................................................................................. 61. R. glandulosocalycinus
30b. Flowers 3–4 cm in diam., 2–5 in terminal corymbs, rarely solitary; sepals lanceolate,
ovate-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or narrowly ovate-lanceolate.
31a. Leaves 7–9(–11)-foliolate; leaflets lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate; carpels more than 100;
torus sessile; ovary and aggregate fruit without glandular hairs ....................................................... 62. R. tsangii
 ROSACEAE

31b. Leaves 5–7-foliolate; leaflets ovate to ovate-oblong; carpels less than 100; torus stipitate,
stipe ca. 3 mm; ovary and aggregate fruit with sparse, glandular hairs .......................... 63. R. glandulosocarpus
21b. Carpels 10–70 or slightly more, inserted on sessile torus.
32a. Terminal inflorescences cymose-panicles or subracemes.
33a. Abaxial surface of leaflets pubescent or subglabrous.
34a. Plants without glandular hairs; flowers white.
35a. Branchlets with sparse prickles; leaflets ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate; sepals
ovate-lanceolate, sparsely glandular abaxially; petals pilose abaxially ................................. 11. R. alnifoliolatus
35b. Branchlets unarmed; leaflets elliptic or oblong; sepals triangular-ovate, not glandular
abaxially; petals glabrous .......................................................................................................... 12. R. fraxinifolius
34b. Plants with glandular hairs; flowers white or purple.
36a. Leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, margin coarsely and sharply serrate; pedicel 1–2 cm;
petals white, glabrous; aggregate fruit 7–9 mm in diam. ............................................................ 8. R. chiliadenus
36b. Leaflets broadly ovate to suborbicular, margin coarsely and sharply doubly serrate; pedicel
0.5–1 cm; petals purple, glabrous or pubescent; aggregate fruit 8–15 mm in diam.
37a. Petals glabrous; aggregate fruit 8–10 mm in diam. ................................................................ 9. R. adenophorus
37b. Petals hirsute basally on both surfaces; aggregate fruit 10–15 mm in diam. ................. 10. R. parviaraliifolius
33b. Abaxial surface of leaflets densely tomentose.
38a. Plants without glandular hairs.
39a. Inflorescences subracemes; branchlets, petioles, pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx minutely
pubescent; sepals acute .................................................................................................................. 7. R. lishuiensis
39b. Inflorescences cymose panicles or subracemes; branchlets, petioles, pedicel, and abaxial
surface of calyx tomentose or glabrous; sepals acute or long acuminate.
40a. Branchlets, petioles, and pedicels pubescent; abaxial surface of calyx tomentose; sepals
acute ........................................................................................................................................... 5. R. flosculosus
40b. Branchlets, petioles, and pedicels glabrous; abaxial surface of calyx glabrous; sepals
long acuminate ..................................................................................................................... 6. R. cockburnianus
38b. Plants with glandular hairs.
41a. Leaves 5–7-foliolate.
42a. Plants with unequal long glandular hairs; terminal inflorescences large cymose panicles;
sepals ovate-lanceolate, apex caudate; leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate .................... 1. R. grandipaniculatus
42b. Plants with 1–2 mm glandular hairs; terminal inflorescences short subracemes or narrow
cymose panicles; sepals ovate, apex acute; leaflets usually elliptic to ovate-lanceolate ............. 2. R. idaeopsis
41b. Leaves 3-, rarely 5-foliolate.
43a. Leaflets coarsely serrate or doubly serrate; terminal inflorescences subracemes or narrow
panicles; pedicel 0.4–1 cm; sepals ovate, apically acute ......................................................... 3. R. innominatus
43b. Leaflets coarsely obtusely serrate; terminal inflorescences large cymose panicles; pedicel
1.5–2.5 cm; sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, apically caudate .................................... 4. R. spinulosoides
32b. Terminal inflorescences corymbs, rarely short racemes, or flowers several in a cluster or solitary.
44a. Aggregate fruit densely tomentose.
45a. Abaxial surface of leaflets densely tomentose.
46a. Leaves 5–9-, rarely 3- or 11-foliolate.
47a. Flowers solitary, white; sepals caudate ................................................................................... 16. R. bonatianus
47b. Flowers in terminal corymbs or several in a cluster; sepals acute, acuminate, or caudate.
48a. Flowers white; leaflets incised to doubly serrate; sepals caudate; inflorescences corymbs
\or flowers 3 or 4 in a cluster .............................................................................................................. 15. R. trijugus
48b. Flowers red; leaflets coarsely sharply serrate or coarsely incised to doubly serrate; sepals
acute or acuminate; inflorescences corymbs, rarely short thyrses.
49a. Leaves (5–)7–9(–11)-foliolate, coarsely sharply serrate; sepals acute; carpels 55–70;
aggregate fruit 8–12 mm in diam. ............................................................................................ 13. R. niveus
49b. Leaves 3–5-foliolate, coarsely incised-doubly serrate; sepals acuminate; carpels 20–40;
aggregate fruit 5–8 mm in diam. ........................................................................................ 14. R. piluliferus
46b. Leaves 3–5(–7)-foliolate.
50a. Plants with needle-like prickles and glandular hairs.
51a. Leaves 5–7-foliolate; flowers solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3; abaxial surface of calyx
tomentose ....................................................................................................................... 17. R. wawushanensis
51b. Leaves 3-foliolate, rarely 5-foliolate; flowers in terminal corymbs or solitary; abaxial
surface of calyx pubescent.
 ROSACEAE

52a. Low shrubs; flowers ca. 1 cm in diam., 5–9 or more in terminal corymbs ................. 18. R. sachalinensis
52b. Subshrubs or herblike; flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam., 1–3 terminal on branchlets .................... 19. R. irritans
50b. Plants unarmed, glandular hairs absent or rarely with sparse, needle-like prickles or
glandular hairs on some parts.
53a. Aggregate fruit yellow at maturity, with caducous hairs.
54a. Plants villous; leaflets rhombic or ovate to elliptic; abaxial surface of calyx villous,
with dense, needle-like prickles; sepals ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, apex caudate ..... 40. R. alexeterius
54b. Plants glabrous; leaflets broadly ovate, suborbicular, or elliptic; abaxial surface of
calyx glabrous, unarmed; sepals broadly ovate or orbicular-ovate, apex acute .................... 39. R. biflorus
53b. Aggregate fruit red or orange-red at maturity, persistently tomentose.
55a. Aggregate fruit subglobose, 12–20 mm in diam., densely long tomentose; petiole
and pedicel with sparse, glandular hairs; abaxial surface of calyx with sparse,
glandular hairs, prickly ...................................................................................................... 20. R. eucalyptus
55b. Aggregate fruit subglobose or narrowly ovoid, 10–14 mm in diam., shortly tomentose;
petiole, pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx without glandular hairs; abaxial surface
of calyx unarmed or prickly.
56a. Leaves (3–)5–7-foliolate; abaxial surface of calyx ± with needle-like prickles;
flowers white ......................................................................................................................... 21. R. idaeus
56b. Leaves usually 3-foliolate; abaxial surface of calyx unarmed; flowers white, pinkish, or
purple.
57a. Leaflets ovate or elliptic; flowers white or pinkish; aggregate fruit semiglobose,
less than 10 mm, orange, yellow, or orange-red ...................................................... 22. R. aurantiacus
57b. Leaflets broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate; flowers purple; aggregate fruit
narrowly ovoid, 10–15 mm, red .......................................................................... 23. R. austrotibetanus
45b. Abaxial surface of leaflets pubescent.
58a. Flowers usually solitary; pedicel 4–6 cm; leaflets, branchlets, pedicel, and abaxial surface
of calyx pubescent, without glandular hairs ............................................................................ 28. R. gyamdaensis
58b. Flowers 3–10 or more in terminal corymbs; pedicel (0.7–)1–3.5 cm; abaxial surface of
leaflets pubescent only along veins.
59a. Plants with sparse, glandular hairs; branchlets, petioles, and abaxial surface of calyx
pubescent; flowers ca. 1 cm in diam.; abaxial surface of calyx with needle-like prickles
and soft hairs ............................................................................................................................. 24. R. komarovii
59b. Plants without glandular hairs; flowers 1–3 cm in diam.; abaxial surface of calyx unarmed
or rarely prickly, puberulous, finely pubescent or glabrous.
60a. Branchlets, pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx glabrous; flowers 1–1.5(–2) cm in diam.;
abaxial surface of calyx unarmed; aggregate fruit 8–12 mm in diam., densely tomentose ..... 25. R. pileatus
60b. Branchlets, pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx pubescent, rarely glabrous; flowers 2–3
cm in diam.; abaxial surface of calyx sometimes with minute prickles; aggregate fruit 8–20
mm in diam., densely long tomentose, shortly tomentose, or pubescent.
61a. Flowers 2–3 cm in diam.; aggregate fruit 13–20 mm in diam., densely long
tomentose; leaves (3–)5–7-foliolate ........................................................................... 26. R. pseudopileatus
61b. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam.; aggregate fruit 8–12 mm in diam., shortly tomentose
or pubescent; leaves (5–)7–11-foliolate.
62a. Branchlets and inflorescences minutely pubescent; terminal corymbs or short
racemes more than 10-flowered; ovary and base of style tomentose; aggregate
fruit yellowish red to purplish red, densely shortly tomentose .................................. 27. R. subinopertus
62b. Branchlets and inflorescences glabrous; short terminal corymbs several flowered;
ovary and base of style pubescent; aggregate fruit purplish black, thinly pubescent ...... 42. R. inopertus
44b. Aggregate fruit pubescent or glabrous.
63a. Abaxial surface of leaflets tomentose.
64a. Leaves (5–)7–11(–13)-foliolate, terminal leaflet more than 2 × as long as lateral leaflets;
aggregate fruit densely pubescent ................................................................................................ 29. R. thibetanus
64b. Leaves 3–7-foliolate, terminal leaflet slightly longer than lateral leaflets; aggregate fruit
glabrous or pubescent.
65a. Plants densely bristly or with glandular hairs.
66a. Plants with glandular hairs; leaflets coarsely serrate or incised; apex of sepals caudate;
aggregate fruit red .......................................................................................................... 30. R. phoenicolasius
66b. Plants without glandular hairs; leaflets sharply serrulate; apex of sepals acute;
 ROSACEAE

aggregate fruit golden yellow.

67a. Leaflets elliptic, apex acute or abruptly pointed, abaxially tomentose ............................... 31. R. ellipticus
67b. Leaflets elliptic or ovate, rarely obovate, apex caudate or acute, rarely obtuse, abaxially
glabrous, sparsely pubescent and bristly only along veins ............................................ 48. R. wallichianus
65b. Plants without bristles and glandular hairs, rarely sparsely stipitate glandular on some parts.
68a. Leaves 5–7-foliolate; leaflets pinnatilobate; branchlets, petioles, and pedicels sometimes
sparsely stipitate glandular; abaxial surface of calyx pubescent, with needle-like prickles
or sparsely stipitate glandular; aggregate fruit red, glabrous ................................................. 32. R. stimulans
68b. Leaves 3–5-foliolate; branchlets, petioles, and pedicel not stipitate glandular; abaxial
surface of calyx glabrous, pubescent or with needle-like prickles; aggregate fruit red,
dark red, purplish red, yellow, or black.
69a. Aggregate fruit yellow.
70a. Branchlets, rachis, pedicels, and abaxial surface of calyx glabrous; sepals broadly
ovate or orbicular-ovate, apically acute .............................................................................. 39. R. biflorus
70b. Branchlets, rachis, pedicels, and abaxial surface of calyx pubescent; sepals narrowly
ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, apically long acuminate to caudate.
71a. Leaflets rhombic, ovate, narrowly ovate, or elliptic; calyx 1.5–2 cm, with dense,
needle-like prickles; flowers white; ovary glabrous, or tomentose only at apex,
style tomentose basally ............................................................................................... 40. R. alexeterius
71b. Leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate; calyx to 1.5 cm, unarmed; flowers pink; ovary
sericeous-villous, style glabrous ............................................................................. 41. R. pedunculosus
69b. Aggregate fruit red, blue-black, or black.
72a. Aggregate fruit black or blue-black.
73a. Pedicel 1.5–3.5 cm; apex of calyx lobes long acuminate to caudate; leaflets
coarsely incised-doubly serrate; terminal corymbs several flowered .................... 41. R. pedunculosus
73b. Pedicel 0.6–1.2 cm; apex of calyx lobes acute to acuminate; leaflets large- or
incised-serrate; terminal corymbs several to more than 20-flowered.
74a. Leaflets lobed, coarsely serrate; branchlets, petioles, and pedicels with sparse,
needle-like prickles; aggregate fruit glabrous ......................................................... 37. R. mesogaeus
74b. Leaflets coarsely incised-serrate; branchlets, petioles, and pedicels with dense,
needle-like prickles; aggregate fruit puberulous ................................................. 38. R. subtibetanus
72b. Aggregate fruit red.
75a. Apex of leaflets obtuse, rarely acute; abaxial surface of calyx with needle-like
prickles ........................................................................................................................ 33. R. parvifolius
75b. Apex of leaflets shortly acuminate to acuminate, rarely acute; abaxial surface of
calyx usually unarmed.
76a. Leaflets lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate; abaxial surface of calyx tomentose;
branchlets, petioles, and pedicel pubescent ............................................................ 36. R. kulinganus
76b. Leaflets ovate or narrowly ovate to ovate-lanceolate; abaxial surface of calyx
glabrous or hairy; branchlets, petioles, and pedicel glabrous or tomentose.
77a. Branchlets, petioles, pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx glabrous; terminal
corymbs 3- or 4-flowered ............................................................................... 34. R. erythrocarpus
77b. Branchlets, petioles, and pedicel pubescent; abaxial surface of calyx
pubescent, intermixed tomentose; terminal corymbs 6–10-flowered ................. 35. R. subornatus
63b. Abaxial surface of leaflets pubescent or glabrous.
78a. Leaves (5–)7–15-foliolate.
79a. Flowers several in clusters or in short terminal corymbs; rachis, pedicels, and abaxial
surface of calyx glabrous.
80a. Leaves (5–)7–11-foliolate; leaflets puberulent on both surfaces; flowers 10–12 mm in
diam.; calyx brown; petals obovate, 4–6 mm in diam. ........................................................... 42. R. inopertus
80b. Leaves 5-foliolate; leaflets glabrous on both surfaces, or abaxially puberulent only along
veins; flowers 12–14 mm in diam.; calyx dark brownish purple; petals suborbicular, 8–9
mm in diam. ............................................................................................................................... 43. R. wilsonii
79b. Flowers solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3, terminal or axillary; rachis, pedicels, and abaxial
surface of calyx pubescent.
81a. Aggregate fruit oblong, rarely ellipsoid, red; flowers 3–4 cm in diam.; branchlets, petioles,
and leaflets glabrous or subglabrous ........................................................................................ 44. R. amabilis
81b. Aggregate fruit subglobose, blackish red, yellowish red or red; flowers 2–3 cm in diam.;
 ROSACEAE

plants glabrous or with glandular hairs.

82a. Plants glabrous, without glandular hairs; aggregate fruit red .......................................... 47. R. taiwanicola
82b. Plants with glandular hairs or not; aggregate fruit blackish red or yellowish red.
83a. Shrubs 1–2 m tall, with glandular hairs; leaflets ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or rhombic-
ovate; aggregate fruit blackish red, 1–1.2 cm in diam. ................................................ 45. R. ptilocarpus
83b. Subshrubs, 10–50 cm tall, without glandular hairs, rarely petioles or pedicels with
sparse, glandular hairs; leaflets broadly ovate or rhombic-ovate, rarely oblong;
aggregate fruit yellowish red, 1.4–2 cm in diam. ............................................................. 46. R. lutescens
78b. Leaves 3–7(–9)-foliolate.
84a. Plants with reddish brown bristles; flowers white; aggregate fruit golden yellow or reddish
yellow; leaves 3-foliolate ...................................................................................................... 48. R. wallichianus
84b. Plants without bristles; flowers red or white; aggregate fruit red, dark red, or purplish
black; leaves 3–7-foliolate.
85a. Terminal inflorescences corymbs or short racemes, several to more than 30-flowered.
86a. Terminal inflorescences corymbs; apex of sepals acuminate to caudate; abaxial
surface of calyx pubescent ................................................................................................... 49. R. coreanus
86b. Terminal inflorescences short racemes; apex of sepals obtuse, acute, or acuminate;
abaxial surface of calyx villous.
87a. Leaves 5-foliolate; leaflets ovate, broadly ovate, or rhombic-ovate, apex acute;
sepals ovate or broadly ovate, apex obtuse or acute .................................................. 50. R. subcoreanus
87b. Leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets narrowly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate;
sepals ovate-lanceolate, apex subulate-acuminate ....................................................... 51. R. spananthus
85b. Terminal inflorescences corymbs, 2–4-flowered or slightly more, sometimes flowers
several in clusters or solitary.
88a. Plants stipitate glandular; leaves 3-foliolate.
89a. Leaflets 2–4 cm, coarsely sharply serrate; petioles 2–3.5 cm; flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam.;
ovary sparsely pilose ............................................................................................................... 52. R. stans
89b. Leaflets 4–8 cm, irregularly obtusely dentate; petioles 4–8(–10) cm; flowers 2–3 cm
in diam.; ovary glabrous ............................................................................................... 53. R. sikkimensis
88b. Plants not stipitate glandular, rarely with stipitate glands on some parts; leaves
3–7(–9)-foliolate.
90a. Leaves (3–)5–7(–9)-foliolate; branchlets and abaxial surface of calyx with dense,
straight needle-like prickles ............................................................................................... 54. R. pungens
90b. Leaves 3-foliolate, rarely 5-foliolate; branchlets and abaxial surface of calyx with
sparse, curved or straight minute prickles, or abaxial surface of calyx unarmed.
91a. Subshrubs, 40–60 cm tall; terminal leaflet slightly longer than lateral leaflets;
abaxial surface of calyx with sparse, curved minute prickles ......................................... 57. R. simplex
91b. Shrubs or subshrubs, 15–200 cm tall; terminal leaflet much longer than lateral
leaflets; abaxial surface of calyx with straight needle-like prickles or unarmed.
92a. Shrubs 1–2 m tall; leaflets lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or ovate; petiolule of
terminal leaflet 0.5–1 cm; abaxial surface of calyx unarmed ................................. 55. R. macilentus
92b. Subshrubs, 15–50 cm tall; leaflets oblong or elliptic-oblong, rarely ovate-lanceolate;
petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2.5 cm; abaxial surface of calyx with straight
needle-like prickles ............................................................................................. 56. R. xanthocarpus

1. Rubus grandipaniculatus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phy- stalked glands along veins, adaxially pilose, base broadly cu-
totax. Sin. 20: 296. 1982. neate or subrounded, sometimes shallowly cordate on terminal
leaflet, margin irregularly coarsely serrate, often lobed on ter-
大序悬钩子 da xu xuan gou zi
minal leaflet, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axil-
Shrubs 1–3 m tall, with arching branches. Branchlets with lary, large broad cymose panicles, numerous flowered; rachis
sparse, curved minute prickles, densely villous, with intermixed and pedicels with dense, unequal stalked glands and soft hairs;
glandular hairs of unequal length. Leaves imparipinnate, 5–7- bracts brownish, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, not or 2- or 3-
foliolate, rarely 3-foliate at base of inflorescence; petiole 3.5–6 laciniate at apex. Pedicel 5–10 mm. Flowers not more than 1
cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm, lateral leaflets shortly cm in diam. Calyx abaxially with dense soft hairs and glandular
petiolulate or subsessile, petiolule and rachis pubescent, with hairs; sepals erect at anthesis, sometimes reflexed in fruit,
intermixed unequal glandular hairs, with sparse, minute prick- ovate-lanceolate, 6–10 mm, apex long acuminate. Petals pink-
les; stipules brownish, linear, pubescent, with intermixed gland- white to purple, suborbicular, base broadly clawed and soft
ular hairs; blade of leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.5–5 × hairy. Stamens many, in 1 whorl; filaments linear. Ovary hairy;
1.5–3 cm, abaxially densely gray tomentose, with purple style glabrous. Aggregate fruit red, subglobose, 7–10 mm in
 ROSACEAE

diam., glabrous or subglabrous; pyrenes reticulate-rugose. Fl. serrate or incised doubly serrate, apex acute to shortly acu-
May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. minate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, subracemes or nar-
row cymose panicles, 6–13(–18) cm; rachis, pedicels, and abax-
● Sparse forests on mountain slopes, rock crevices along river
ial surface of calyx densely yellowish gray or gray tomentose-
banks and sides of ravines; 800–1100 m. Chongqing (Fengjie Xian), S
Shaanxi (Pingli Xian).
villous and stipitate glandular; bracts linear-lanceolate, tomen-
tose-villous. Pedicel 4–10 mm. Flowers 6–10 mm in diam.
2. Rubus idaeopsis Focke, Biblioth. Bot. 17(Heft 72): 203. Sepals erect, ovate, 5–9(–12) × 3–5 mm, inner sepals gray to-
1911. mentose-villous at margin, apex acute. Petals purple, obovate or
suborbicular, nearly as long as sepals, margin premorse, base
拟覆盆子 ni fu pen zi
clawed. Stamens many, shorter than petals. Pistils numerous,
Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branchlets brown, purplish brown, or slightly shorter than stamens; ovary slightly soft hairy; styles
grayish brown, slightly angular, with broad purplish brown glabrous. Aggregate fruit orange-red, subglobose, ca. 1 cm in
prickles, densely tomentose, with intermixed 1–2 mm glandular diam., initially sparsely soft hairy, glabrous at maturity; pyrenes
hairs or not. Leaves imparipinnate, 5–7-foliolate, rarely at base minutely rugose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 14*.
of inflorescence reduced to 3-foliolate; petiole 3–5 cm, peti- ● Dense or sparse forests, thickets, slopes, roadsides, stream sides,
olule of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, peti- river sides; 400–2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi,
olule and rachis densely tomentose, with intermixed short Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan,
glandular hairs, rarely glandular hairs absent, usually with Zhejiang.
sparse prickles; stipules linear, 5–9 × 1.5–2.5 mm, pubescent,
1a. Plants with dense, glandular hairs
with intermixed sparse, short glandular hairs; blade of leaflets throughout; abaxial surface of leaflets
3–7 × 2–4 cm, terminal one elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, rarely sometimes deciduously tomentose ........ 3e. var. aralioides
ovate, lateral leaflets obliquely elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 1b. Plants wholly without or partly with few
abaxially densely gray tomentose, adaxially pilose, base cune- glandular hairs; abaxial surface of leaflets
ate to rounded, margin irregularly coarsely simple-serrate, apex persistently tomentose.
acute to shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, 2a. Leaves 5-foliolate; apex of leaflets
subracemes or narrow cymose panicles, many flowered, 5–10 long acuminate ................................ 3d. var. quinatus
cm; rachis and pedicels tomentose, rarely with sparse, short 2b. Leaves 3-foliolate; apex of leaflets
glandular hairs; bracts linear, 4–6 mm, pubescent, rarely with acute to shortly acuminate.
sparse, glandular hairs. Pedicel 7–12 mm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in 3a. Plants with few glandular hairs
diam. Calyx abaxially densely tomentose, sometimes with only on rachis, pedicel, and
shortly stalked glands; sepals erect, ovate, 5–7 mm, gray to- abaxial surface of calyx ..... 3a. var. innominatus
mentose at margin, apex acute. Petals purple, suborbicular, 4–6 3b. Plants without glandular hairs.
mm in diam., slightly shorter than sepals, base shortly clawed, 4a. Inflorescences long
margin premorse. Stamens many in 1 whorl; filaments shorter subracemes or narrow
than petals, basally broad and compressed. Pistils many, nearly cymose panicles; sepals
as long as stamens; ovary soft hairy; styles glabrous. Aggregate ovate, 5–8 mm ............ 3b. var. kuntzeanus
fruit red, semiglobose or subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam., gla- 4b. Inflorescences compact
brous or sparsely soft hairy; pyrenes rugose, minutely punctate. short subracemes; sepals
Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. broadly ovate, 8–12 mm
................................. 3c. var. macrosepalus
● Montane valleys, stream sides, mountain slopes; 1000–2600 m.
Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, 3a. Rubus innominatus var. innominatus
Xizang, Yunnan.
白叶莓(原变种) bai ye mei (yuan bian zhong)
3. Rubus innominatus S. Moore, J. Bot. 13: 226. 1875.
Rubus kuntzeanus Hemsley var. glandulosus Cardot; R.
白叶莓 bai ye mei kuntzeanus var. xanthacanthus H. Léveillé; R. xanthacanthus
H. Léveillé (1907), not R. Keller (1906), nor R. xanthoacanthus
Shrubs 1–3 m tall, with arching branches. Branchlets Gandoger (1884).
brown or reddish brown, densely tomentose, with sparse,
curved prickles. Leaves imparipinnately compound, 3-foliolate, Plants with few glandular hairs only on rachis, pedicels,
rarely 5-foliolate on sterile branches; petiole 2–4 cm, petiolule and abaxial surface of calyx.
of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm, lateral leaflets nearly sessile, peti- ● Sparse forests, thickets, slopes, roadsides, river sides in moun-
olule and rachis densely tomentose; stipules linear, 6–8 mm, tain valleys; 400–2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi,
pubescent; blade of leaflets variable in shape, 4–10 × 2.5–5(–7) Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan,
cm, terminal one ovate or suborbicular, rarely ovate-lanceolate, Zhejiang.
base rounded to shallowly cordate, margin 3-lobed or incised- 3b. Rubus innominatus var. kuntzeanus (Hemsley) L. H.
lobed, lateral leaflets obliquely ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, base Bailey, Gentes Herb. 1: 30. 1920.
cuneate to rounded, abaxially densely gray tomentose, adaxially
appressed pubescent or subglabrous, margin unevenly coarsely 无腺白叶莓 wu xian bai ye mei
 ROSACEAE

Rubus kuntzeanus Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot 23: 232. margin incised. Stamens many, erect; filaments broad and com-
1887; R. adenocalyx Cardot. pressed basally. Pistils numerous; ovary soft hairy. Aggregate
fruit red, subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous at maturity;
Plants without glandular hairs. Inflorescences long subra-
cemes or narrow cymose panicles. Sepals ovate, 5–8 mm. pyrenes prominently rugose.

● Thickets, slopes, roadsides; 800–2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, ● Mixed forested slopes; 800–1000 m. Hubei, Shandong.
Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Si-
5. Rubus flosculosus Focke, Hooker’s Icon. Pl., ser. 3, 10: sub
chuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
t. 1952. 1891.
3c. Rubus innominatus var. macrosepalus F. P. Metcalf,
Lingnan Sci. J. 19: 27. 1940. 弓茎悬钩子 gong jing xuan gou zi

宽萼白叶莓 kuan e bai ye mei Shrubs 1.5–2.5 m tall. Branchlets arching, reddish brown,
sometimes glaucous, with sparse, compressed purplish red
Plants without glandular hairs. Inflorescences compact
curved prickles, pubescent when young, glabrescent. Leaves
short subracemes. Sepals broadly ovate, 0.8–1.2 cm.
imparipinnate, 5–7-foliolate; petiole 3–5 cm, petiolule of ter-
● Slopes; below 2000 m. Anhui, Zhejiang. minal leaflet 1–2 cm, lateral leaflets nearly sessile, petiolule and
3d. Rubus innominatus var. quinatus L. H. Bailey, Gentes rachis pubescent, with curved prickles; stipules linear, 5–6 mm,
Herb. 1: 30. 1920. margin entire, pubescent; blade of leaflets ovate, ovate-lanceo-
late, or ovate-oblong, terminal leaflet sometimes rhombic-lan-
五叶白叶莓 wu ye bai ye mei ceolate, 3–7 × 1.5–4 cm, abaxially gray tomentose, adaxially
Leaves 5-foliolate; leaflets lanceolate-ovate, sometimes glabrous or subglabrous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, mar-
ovate, relatively narrow, apex long acuminate. gin coarsely doubly serrate, rarely lobed, apex acuminate. Inflo-
rescences terminal or axillary, terminal ones narrow cymose
● Slopes. Jiangxi.
panicles, 7–12 cm, axillary ones subracemes; rachis and pedi-
3e. Rubus innominatus var. aralioides (Hance) T. T. Yu & L. cels pubescent; bracts linear, small, 3–5 mm. Pedicel 5–8 mm,
T. Lu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37: 48. 1985. slender. Flowers 5–8 mm in diam. Calyx abaxially gray tomen-
tose, sometimes glabrescent; sepals erect, ovate to narrowly
密腺白叶莓 mi xian bai ye mei ovate, 4–6 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acute, abruptly pointed. Petals
Rubus aralioides Hance, J. Bot. 22: 41. 1884. pink, suborbicular, nearly as long as or slightly longer than se-
pals, base shortly clawed. Stamens many; filaments filiform;
Plants with dense, glandular hairs throughout. Leaflets anthers purple. Pistils numerous; ovary pubescent; styles gla-
abaxially sometimes deciduously tomentose. brous. Aggregate fruit red to reddish black, globose, 5–8 mm in
● Dense forests, stream sides, slopes, river sides; 400–900 m. Fu- diam., pubescent, glabrescent; pyrenes ovoid-globose, rugose.
jian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Zhejiang. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.

4. Rubus spinulosoides F. P. Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. J. 19: 32. ● River banks, montane valleys, forested slopes, thickets, road-
1940. sides; 900–2800 m. Fujian, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Si-
chuan, Xizang, Zhejiang.
刺毛白叶莓 ci mao bai ye mei
1a. Abaxial surface of calyx densely gray
Rubus innominatus S. Moore subsp. plebejus Focke; R. tomentose .............................................. 5a. var. flosculosus
teledapos Focke; R. triphyllus Thunberg var. internuntius 1b. Abaxial surface of calyx tomentose
Hance. when young, glabrescent ................... 5b. var. etomentosus
Shrubs. Branchlets yellow villous, with reddish glandular 5a. Rubus flosculosus var. flosculosus
hairs and sparse, curved prickles. Leaves imparipinnately com-
弓茎悬钩子(原变种) gong jing xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
pound, usually 3-foliolate; petiole 5–9 cm, petiolule of terminal
leaflet 2–3.5 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis Rubus eriocalyx Cardot.
villous, with sparse, minute prickles, with short glandular hairs;
stipules linear, densely villous; blade of leaflets ovate, elliptic, Calyx densely gray tomentose abaxially.
or rhombic-elliptic, 4–10 × 2–6 cm, abaxially densely gray- or ● River banks, montane valleys, mixed forests on slopes, thickets;
yellowish gray tomentose, adaxially sparsely appressed pubes- 900–2600 m. Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang.
cent, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin irregularly ob-
tusely dentate, sometimes lobed on terminal leaflet, apex acute. 5b. Rubus flosculosus var. etomentosus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
Inflorescences terminal or axillary, terminal ones large cymose Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 295. 1982.
panicles, lateral ones usually subracemes; rachis, pedicels, and
脱毛弓茎悬钩子 tuo mao gong jing xuan gou zi
abaxial surface of calyx villous, with short purple glandular
hairs and sparse, needle-like prickles; bracts linear, villous. Calyx tomentose abaxially when young, glabrescent.
Pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Sepals erect, lan-
ceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm, margin gray tomentose, ● Forested slopes, roadsides; below 2800 m. Fujian, Sichuan.
apex caudate. Petals pink, suborbicular, base shortly clawed,
 ROSACEAE

6. Rubus cockburnianus Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 305. ● Forest margins, slopes; low elevations. Zhejiang (Lishui Xian).
1892.
8. Rubus chiliadenus Focke, Hooker’s Icon. Pl., ser. 3, 10: sub
华中悬钩子 hua zhong xuan gou zi t. 1952. 1891.

Rubus giraldianus Focke. 长序莓 chang xu mei

Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets brownish to reddish brown,
Shrubs 1.5–3 m tall. Branchlets brownish to reddish
brown, glabrous, glaucous, with sparse, curved prickles. Leaves pubescent, with purple glandular hairs and sparse prickles
flattened and broadened basally. Leaves imparipinnate, often 5-
imparipinnate, 7–9-foliolate, rarely 5-foliolate; petiole 3–5 cm,
foliolate, sometimes 3-foliolate at base of inflorescence; petiole
petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile,
petiolule and rachis glabrous, with sparse, curved minute 3–5 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm, lateral leaflets
subsessile, petiolule and rachis pubescent, with intermixed
prickles; stipules linear or linear-lanceolate, 5–7 mm, glabrous;
stalked purple glands; stipules linear, 7–10 mm, pubescent, with
blade of leaflets oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, terminal
leaflet sometimes nearly rhombic and minutely lobed, 5–10 × glandular hairs; blade of leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3–8
× 1–4 cm, both surfaces pubescent and with glandular hairs,
1.5–4(–5) cm, abaxially gray tomentose, adaxially glabrous or
abaxially more densely so, base cuneate to subrounded or sub-
sparsely pilose, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margin ir-
regularly coarsely serrate or incised-doubly serrate, usually cordate on terminal leaflet, margin irregularly coarsely sharply
serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, cymose pani-
lobed on terminal leaflet, apex acuminate. Inflorescences termi-
cles, 15–20 cm, axillary inflorescences subracemes, many flow-
nal or axillary, terminal ones cymose panicles, 10–16(–18) cm,
lateral ones often subracemes, rarely subcorymbose; rachis and ered; rachis, pedicels, and abaxial surface of calyx pubescent
and with stalked glands; bracts linear-lanceolate, 5–8 mm, pu-
pedicels glabrous; bracts linear, 2–5 mm, glabrous. Pedicel
bescent, with intermixed glandular hairs. Pedicel 1–2 cm. Flow-
somewhat reddish when young, 7–12 mm, slender. Flowers to 1
cm in diam. Calyx abaxially glabrous; sepals erect at anthesis, ers ca. 1 cm in diam. Calyx tube pelviform, short; sepals usually
erect, lanceolate, 5–8 × 3–4 mm, apex acute to acuminate.
reflexed in fruit, ovate-lanceolate, 5–8 × 2–4 mm, margin gray
Petals white or with reddish spots at apex, suborbicular or
tomentose and entire, apex long acuminate. Petals pink, subor-
bicular or obovate, 5–7 × 4–5 mm, margin premorse or coarsely broadly obovate, 4–6 mm in diam., slightly shorter than sepals,
glabrous, base prominently clawed, margin premorse or mi-
serrate above middle, base shortly clawed. Stamens many,
nutely obtusely serrate. Stamens numerous; filaments linear.
slightly shorter than petals; filaments linear, broader toward
base. Pistils slightly shorter than stamens; ovary soft hairy; Pistils many, nearly as long as or slightly longer than stamens;
ovary pubescent; style glabrous. Aggregate fruit enclosed in
styles glabrous. Aggregate fruit purplish black, subglobose, less
calyx, red, subglobose, 7–9 mm in diam., pubescent; pyrenes
than 1 cm in diam., slightly pubescent or subglabrous; pyrenes
shallowly rugose. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. distinctly rugose. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
● Forests, wastelands, shaded rocky places, trail- and roadsides;
● Thickets on sunny slopes, dense forests in montane valleys,
600–2000 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan.
river sides; 900–4000 m. Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
9. Rubus adenophorus Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1910:
7. Rubus lishuiensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin.
20: 295. 1982. 382. 1910.
腺毛莓 xian mao mei
丽水悬钩子 li shui xuan gou zi
Shrubs lianoid or scandent. Branchlets brown or reddish Rubus sagatus Focke.
brown, terete, puberulous when young, gradually glabrescent, Shrubs scandent, 0.5–2 m tall. Branchlets brownish to
with sparse prickles broader at base. Leaves compound, usually brownish red, villous, with intermixed stalked purple glands
5–7-foliolate; petiole 5–7 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1.5–2 and sparse, basally broadened and flattened prickles. Leaves
cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis minutely imparipinnate, often 3-foliolate; petiole 5–8 cm, petiolule of
pubescent, gradually glabrescent, with sparse, curved prickles; terminal leaflet 2.5–4 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule
stipules linear-lanceolate, pubescent; blade of leaflets ovate- and rachis villous, with glandular hairs, sparsely prickly; stip-
lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 5–7 × 2–3.5 cm, abaxially gray ules linear-lanceolate, 0.9–1.4 cm, villous, with sparse, stalked
tomentose, with sparse, minute prickles along midvein, adaxial glands; blade of leaflets ovate to broadly ovate, 4–11 × 2–8 cm,
veins glabrous or pilose, base broadly cuneate to rounded, mar- both surfaces sparsely villous, abaxially with few stalked glands
gin unevenly sharply serrate or incised-doubly serrate, apex along veins, base rounded to subcordate, margin coarsely sharp
acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, short subrace- doubly serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axil-
mes; rachis and pedicels minutely pubescent, gradually glabre- lary, subracemes, 8–20(–25) cm; rachis, pedicels, and bracts
scent; bracts lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, minutely pubes- yellow villous, with intermixed stalked purple glands; bracts
cent. Pedicel 6–11 mm. Calyx abaxially densely minute pu- lanceolate, 0.8–1.2 cm. Pedicel 6–9 mm. Flowers 6–8 mm in
bescent; sepals erect in fruit, ovate, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, apex acute diam. Calyx abaxially with long yellow hairs and stipitate pur-
and abruptly pointed. Stamens many; filaments linear. Pistils ple glands; sepals usually erect after anthesis, lanceolate or
numerous. Aggregate fruit red, subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam., ovate-lanceolate, 6–9 × 2.5–5 mm, apex acuminate. Petals pur-
glabrous; pyrenes ovoid-globose, prominently small-punc- ple, obovate or suborbicular, 5–8 × 5–7 mm, glabrous, base
tate. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
 ROSACEAE

long clawed, margin premorse or dentate. Stamens many, near- mm, abaxially with few hairs, apex obtuse. Stamens many, gla-
ly as long as petals; filaments linear. Pistils numerous, slightly brous, shorter than petals. Pistils numerous; style and ovary gla-
shorter than stamens; styles glabrous or pilose at base; apex of brous. Aggregate fruit red at maturity, oblong or ellipsoid, 0.8–
ovary pilose when young. Aggregate fruit red, globose, 8–10 1.5 cm. Fl. spring–summer, fr. summer.
mm in diam., glabrous or slightly pilose; pyrenes distinctly ru- ● Thickets, roadsides; low to medium elevations. Taiwan.
gose. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
12. Rubus fraxinifolius Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 242.
● Mountainous regions, valleys, sparse forests, forest margins, 1806.
thickets; low to medium elevations. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Gui-
zhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang. 兰屿桤叶悬钩子 lan yu qi ye xuan gou zi

10. Rubus parviaraliifolius Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 48. Rubus alnifoliolatus H. Léveillé var. kotoensis (Hayata) H.
1915. L. Li; R. fraxinifolius var. kotoensis (Hayata) Koidzumi; R.
kotoensis Hayata.
楤叶悬钩子 cong ye xuan gou zi
Shrubs erect. Branchlets unarmed. Leaves imparipinnate,
Rubus parviaraliifolius var. laxiflorus Y. C. Liu & F. Y. 5–7-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate; petiole 2–5 cm, grooved, peti-
Lu. olule of terminal leaflet much longer than those of lateral leaf-
lets, petiolule of lateral leaflets to 5 mm, petiolule and rachis
Subshrubs or small shrubs, suberect. Branchlets fulvous-
soft hairy; stipules linear, to 1.2 cm; blade of leaflets elliptic to
red, villous, with glandular hairs, with sparse prickles; prickles
oblong, 3–10 × 2–4 cm, terminal leaflet usually larger than
few, recurved, to 3 mm. Leaves imparipinnate, 3–5(–7)-folio-
lateral leaflets, lateral veins 10–15 pairs, midvein and lateral
late; petioles 3–5 mm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 2–3 mm,
veins prominent abaxially, impressed adaxially, abaxially
lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis hairy, stipitate
sparsely hairy along veins, adaxially sparsely hairy along mid-
glandular, with sparse prickles; stipules linear, to 1 cm, hairy,
vein, base rounded to slightly cordate, of lateral leaflets often
stipitate glandular; blade of leaflets variable in size, terminal
oblique, margin serrate, apex acute to acuminate. Inflores-
leaflet orbicular, 5–10 × 5–8 cm, base rounded to slightly cor-
cences usually terminal, cymose panicles, to 14 cm; rachis,
date, apex acuminate to cuspidate, lateral leaflets ovate, 3–5 ×
pedicels, and bracts often glabrous; bracts lanceolate to ob-
2–4 cm, abaxially densely pale villous, adaxially sparsely hairy,
long, divided at apex. Pedicel 1–3 cm. Sepals triangular-ovate,
base rounded, margin irregularly doubly serrate, apex acute.
6–10 mm, abaxially glabrous except margin tomentose, apex
Inflorescences terminal, subracemes or cymose panicles, 7–10
narrowly acute. Petals white, orbicular, 7–12 mm, glabrous.
× 5–6 cm; rachis, pedicels, and bracts hairy, with stalked
Stamens and pistils many, glabrous. Aggregate fruit red at
glands; bracts linear, 6–8 mm. Pedicel 5–10 mm. Calyx abax-
maturity, globose to ellipsoid, 0.8–1.4 cm. 2n = 14*.
ially hairy, with stalked glands; sepals narrowly oblong-tri-
angular, 5–6 mm, apex caudate. Petals orbicular, 3–4 mm, both Thickets; near sea level. Taiwan (Lan Yu) [Indonesia, Malaysia,
surfaces hirsute at base, base clawed, margin crenate. Stamens Philippines; N Africa, Pacific Islands].
many; filaments ca. 3 mm. Pistils many; ovary ca. 1 mm, hairy;
13. Rubus niveus Thunberg, Diss. Bot.-Med. de Rubo 9. 1813.
styles to 2 mm, hairy at base. Aggregate fruit globose, 1–1.5 cm
in diam. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug. 2n = 14*. 红泡刺藤 hong pao ci teng
● 1000–3000 m. Taiwan.
Rubus bonatii H. Léveillé; R. boudieri H. Léveillé; R. dis-
11. Rubus alnifoliolatus H. Léveillé, Bull. Soc. Bot. France tans D. Don; R. foliolosus D. Don; R. godongensis Y. Gu & W.
53: 549. 1906. L. Li; R. incanus Sasaki ex Y. C. Liu & Yang; R. lasiocarpus
桤叶悬钩子 qi ye xuan gou zi Smith; R. lasiocarpus var. ectenothyrsus Cardot; R. lasiocar-
pus var. micranthus (D. Don) J. D. Hooker; R. longistylus H.
Shrubs erect, small. Branchlets reddish brown to purplish Léveillé; R. mairei H. Léveillé; R. micranthus D. Don; R. my-
brown, glabrous, often with white bloom; prickles curved or sorensis F. Heyne; R. niveus var. micranthus (D. Don) H. Hara;
straight, few, to 5 mm. Leaves imparipinnate, 7–9-foliolate, R. pinnatus D. Don; R. pyi H. Léveillé; R. tongchouanensis H.
rarely 5-foliolate; petiole reddish, 4–8 cm, petiolule of terminal Léveillé.
leaflet to 2.5 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis
glabrous or subglabrous, with sparse prickles; stipules linear- Shrubs 1–2.5 m tall. Branchlets purple or green, tomentose
lanceolate, 4–10 mm, margin slightly hairy; blade of leaflets when young, soon glabrous, with whitish bloom, with sparse
ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 5–10 × 1.5–3.5 cm, both prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, (5–)7–9(–11)-foliolate; petiole
surfaces glabrous or abaxially slightly pubescent along veins, 1.5–4 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 0.5–1.5 cm, lateral leaf-
base ± obliquely broadly cuneate to rounded, margin irregularly lets subsessile, petiolule and rachis tomentose, with sparse,
serrate or doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate. Inflores- curved minute prickles; stipules linear-lanceolate, 5–8 mm, soft
cences terminal, usually cymose panicles, to 10 × 14 cm, many hairy; blade of leaflets elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or rhombic-ellip-
flowered; rachis and pedicels glabrous or nearly so; bracts tic, terminal leaflet ovate to elliptic, slightly longer than lateral
linear, 5–9 mm, glabrous. Pedicel 1–1.4 cm, slender, unarmed. leaflets, 2.5–6(–8) × 1–3(–4) cm, abaxially gray tomentose,
Calyx abaxially glabrous; tube pelviform; sepals ovate-lanceo- adaxially soft hairy along veins or glabrate, base cuneate to
late, 7–11 × 3–5 mm, abaxially with few glands, apex acumi- rounded, margin coarsely serrate or doubly serrate, sometimes
nate to caudate. Petals white, ovate-oblong, 0.7–1.4 cm × 4–6 terminal leaflet 3-lobed, apex acute, rarely obtuse, terminal
 ROSACEAE

leaflet sometimes acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axil- glaucous, with sparse prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, (5–)7–9-
lary, corymbs, rarely short thyrses, 4–6 cm; rachis and pedicels foliolate; petiole 5–11 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm,
tomentose; bracts lanceolate or linear, pubescent. Pedicel 5–10 lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolules and rachis with soft hairs
mm. Flowers to 1 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely to- and needle-like prickles; stipules linear, 4–7 mm, soft hairy;
mentose, with intermixed soft hairs; sepals erect, triangular- blade of leaflets ovate or ovate-elliptic, 2–5 × 1.5–4 cm,
ovate or triangular-lanceolate, 5–8 × 2–3 mm, apex acute or abaxially gray tomentose, adaxially appressed pubescent, base
abruptly pointed, rarely shortly acuminate. Petals red, subor- broadly cuneate or rounded, sometimes subtruncate on terminal
bicular, 3–5 mm in diam, shorter than sepals, base shortly claw- leaflet, margin usually incised-doubly serrate, apex acute, some-
ed. Stamens many, nearly as long as petals; filaments broad- times acuminate on terminal leaflet. Inflorescences terminal
ened basally. Pistils ca. 55–70, nearly as long as stamens; ovary corymbs or flowers in clusters of 3 or 4 at apex of branchlets,
gray tomentose; styles purplish red, base densely gray tomen- rarely flowers solitary in leaf axils; bracts linear, 3–6 mm, soft
tose. Aggregate fruit dark red when immature, black at ma- hairy. Pedicel 1–2(–3) cm, pubescent, with sparse, minute
turity, semiglobose, 0.8–1.2 cm in diam., densely gray tomen- prickles. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially pubescent;
tose; pyrenes shallowly rugose. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = sepals erect, spreading, rarely reflexed in fruit, triangular-lan-
14*. ceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.4 cm × 4–6 mm, margin to-
mentose, apex caudate. Petals nearly erect, white, elliptic or ob-
Thickets on slopes, sparse forests, montane valleys, stream sides,
flood plains; 500–2800 m. Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Sichuan,
long, shorter than or rarely as long as sepals, base clawed and
Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Kash- pubescent. Stamens numerous, shorter than petals; base of fila-
mir, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, ments slightly broadened, flattened. Pistils many, slightly long-
Thailand, Vietnam]. er than stamens; ovary and base of style densely gray tomen-
tose. Aggregate fruit red, subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam., densely
14. Rubus piluliferus Focke, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(Beibl. 82): gray tomentose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
55. 1905.
● Low slopes, mixed forests and forest margins in mountainous
陕西悬钩子 shan xi xuan gou zi regions, grasslands, stream sides; 2500–3500 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yun-
nan.
Rubus lachnocarpus Focke.
16. Rubus bonatianus Focke, Biblioth. Bot. 19(Heft 83): 43.
Shrubs to 2 m tall, with arcuate branches. Branchlets te-
1914.
rete, soft hairy, glabrescent, with sparse, needle-like prickles or
nearly unarmed, rarely with dense, minute prickles. Leaves im- 滇北悬钩子 dian bei xuan gou zi
paripinnate, 3–5-foliolate; petiole 2–4 cm, petiolule of terminal
leaflet 1–2 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis Shrubs nearly erect or prostrate. Branches dark brown or
with soft hairs and sparse, minute prickles; stipules linear, 5–10 brownish, soft hairy when young, gradually glabrescent, with
mm, soft hairy; blade of leaflets ovate, rhombic-ovate, or ovate- sparse prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, (5–)7–9-foliolate; petiole
lanceolate, 3–8 × 1.5–5.5 cm, lateral veins 5 or 6 pairs, abax- 3–8 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 0.5–1 cm, lateral leaflets
ially densely whitish tomentose, adaxially sparsely pubescent or subsessile, petiolule and rachis with soft hairs and minute prick-
subglabrous, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margin often les, sometimes with sparse, stalked glands; stipules linear, to 1
pinnate-lobed, coarsely incised-doubly serrate, apex variable, cm, soft hairy; blade of leaflets rhombic, ovate-lanceolate, or
caudate-acuminate on terminal leaflet, acute to shortly acumi- oblong, 2–5 × 1–2.5 cm, abaxially densely gray tomentose,
nate on lateral leaflets. Inflorescences terminal on short branch- adaxially minutely appressed pubescent, base broadly cuneate
lets, corymbose, 5–10-flowered; rachis and pedicels yellow pu- to rounded, margin incised, sharply doubly serrate, apex acumi-
bescent; bracts linear, 5–7 mm, pubescent. Pedicel 0.7–1.5 cm. nate. Inflorescence 1-flowered. Pedicel 1–2 cm, with soft hairs
Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially pubescent; sepals or sparse, stalked glands. Flowers 2–3 cm in diam. Calyx abax-
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5–7 mm, apex acuminate. Petals ially densely minutely pubescent; sepals ovate-lanceolate or
pink, suborbicular, slightly shorter than sepals, base long claw- triangular-lanceolate, to 1.7 cm, apex long caudate, inner sepals
ed. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments linear, basally gray tomentose marginally. Petals white, together with calyx
broadened and flattened. Pistils 20–40; ovary and base of style turning red upon withering, spatulate, ca. 1.5 cm × 8–9 mm,
densely whitish tomentose. Aggregate fruit subglobose, 5–8 slightly shorter than sepals, both surfaces minutely pubescent,
mm in diam., densely shortly whitish tomentose; pyrenes rugu- base broadly clawed. Stamens numerous, shorter than petals;
lose or slightly smooth. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. filaments linear, with somewhat broadened base. Pistils many,
slightly longer than stamens; ovary and basal part of style long
● Slopes, forests, montane valleys; 1100–2000 m. Gansu, Hubei, white tomentose. Fruit unknown. Fl. summer.
Shaanxi, Sichuan.
● Montane valleys, grassy places, stream sides, moist slopes;
15. Rubus trijugus Focke, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 3200–3500 m. Sichuan, N Yunnan.
74. 1911.
17. Rubus wawushanensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta
三对叶悬钩子 san dui ye xuan gou zi Phytotax. Sin. 20: 298. 1982.
Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branches purplish red or purplish 瓦屋山悬钩子 wa wu shan xuan gou zi
brown, cylindric, soft hairy when young, gradually glabrescent,
Shrubs upright, spreading. Branchlets purplish brown, pi-
 ROSACEAE

lose, with dense needle-like prickles, with intermixed sparse, 1a. Pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx
long stalked glands. Leaves imparipinnate, 5–7-foliolate; peti- without glandular hairs; flowers and
ole 3–6 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm, lateral leaflets fruit less than 1 cm in diam. ............ 18c. var. eglandulatus
sessile or nearly so, petiolules and rachis minutely pubescent, 1b. Pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx
with needle-like prickles; stipules linear or narrowly lanceolate, with glandular hairs; flowers and
soft hairy; blade of leaflets ovate, rhombic-ovate, or oblong, fruit 0.9–1.5 cm in diam.
2.5–7 × 2–5(–6) cm, abaxially densely gray tomentose, with 2a. Flowers and fruit ca. 1 cm in
sparse, small needle-like prickles along veins, adaxially mi- diam.; aggregate fruit densely
nutely appressed pubescent, base often truncate, base of lateral tomentose ............................... 18a. var. sachalinensis
leaflets rounded, margin unevenly coarsely incised or sharply 2b. Flowers and fruit more than
doubly serrate, terminal leaflet sometimes 2- or 3-lobed, apex 1 cm, to 1.5 cm in diam.;
acute, often acuminate on terminal leaflet. Inflorescences usu- aggregate fruit sparsely
ally terminal on short lateral branchlets, 1-flowered or flowers hairy or subglabrous .................. 18b. var. przewalskii
in clusters of 2 or 3; bracts linear, puberulent. Pedicel 1.8–2.5
cm, minutely pubescent, with needle-like prickles and with 18a. Rubus sachalinensis var. sachalinensis
glandular hairs. Calyx abaxially gray tomentose, with needle- 库页悬钩子(原变种) ku ye xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
like prickles, ± with intermixed longer stalked glands; sepals
erect, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 1.2–1.7 cm × 5–7 mm, apex Rubus idaeus Linnaeus var. aculeatissimus Regel & Til-
long caudate. Flowers to 2.5 cm in diam. Petals white, elliptic ing; R. idaeus var. matsumuranus (H. Léveillé & Vaniot) Koid-
or spatulate, shorter than sepals, both surfaces puberulent, apex zumi; R. idaeus var. microphyllus Turczaninow; R. idaeus sub-
clawed. Stamens many; filaments linear, or basally slightly sp. sachalinensis (H. Léveillé) Focke; R. idaeus var. strigosus
broader. Pistils shorter than stamens; ovary and base of style Maximowicz; Rubus matsumuranus H. Léveillé & Vaniot; R.
densely long gray tomentose. Aggregate fruit subglobose, ca. 1 melanolasius Focke var. discolor Komarov.
cm or more in diam., long gray tomentose; styles persistent; Pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx with glandular hairs.
pyrenes rugulose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. Flowers and fruit ca. 1 cm in diam. Aggregate fruit densely to-
● Forest understories. Sichuan (Hongya Xian, Wawu Shan). mentose.
18. Rubus sachalinensis H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Forests, forest margins, thickets, grasslands, ravines, valleys, rock
Veg. 6: 332. 1909. crevices; 1000–2500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol,
Qinghai, Xinjiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; Europe].
库页悬钩子 ku ye xuan gou zi
18b. Rubus sachalinensis var. przewalskii (Prochanov) L. T.
Shrubs 0.6–2 m tall. Branches purplish brown; branchlets Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin., 38: 280. 2000.
brownish or brown, soft hairy when young, gradually glabre-
scent, with dense yellow, brownish, or purplish red straight 甘肃悬钩子 gan su xuan gou zi
prickles and stalked glands. Leaves imparipinnate, usually Rubus przewalskii Prochanov, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn.
3(–5)-foliolate; petiole 2–5 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2 Bot. Sada RSFSR5: 56. 1924.
cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolules and rachis with soft
hairs and needle-like prickles or glandular hairs; stipules linear, Pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx with glandular hairs.
5–8 mm, with soft hairs or sparse, glandular hairs; blade of Flowers and fruit 1–1.5 cm in diam. Aggregate fruit sparsely
leaflets ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or narrowly obovate, 3–7 × hairy or subglabrous.
1.5–4(–5) cm, abaxially densely gray tomentose, adaxially ● Forests; 2100–3100 m. Gansu.
glabrous or slightly hairy, base rounded, sometimes shallowly
cordate on terminal leaflet, margin irregularly roughly serrate or 18c. Rubus sachalinensis var. eglandulatus (Y. B. Chang) L.
incised-serrate, apex acute, but usually acuminate on terminal T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 280. 2000.
leaflet. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, corymbose, 5–9- 无腺里白悬钩子 wu xian li bai xuan gou zi
flowered, rarely flowers solitary in leaf axils; rachis, pedicels,
and abaxial surface of calyx pubescent, with glandular hairs, Rubus matsumuranus H. Léveillé & Vaniot var. eglandu-
with needle-like prickles; bracts linear, 3–5 mm, pubescent, latus Y. B. Chang, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(3): 97. 1981.
with stalked glands. Pedicel 1–2 cm. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx without glandular
Sepals erect, triangular-lanceolate, 7–10 × 2.5–5 mm, margin hairs. Flowers and fruit less than 1 cm in diam. Indumentum
often gray tomentose, apex long caudate. Petals white, ligulate of aggregate fruit unknown.
or spatulate, shorter than sepals, base clawed. Stamens numer-
● Forests, slopes; 400–500 m. Heilongjiang (Yichuan), S Jilin
ous, slightly shorter than or nearly as long as petals. Pistils
(Fusong Xian).
many, nearly as long as stamens; ovary and base of style to-
mentose. Aggregate fruit red, ovoid-globose, ca. 1 cm in diam., 19. Rubus irritans Focke, Biblioth. Bot. 17(Heft 72): 192. 1911.
tomentose; pyrenes rugose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 14*,
紫色悬钩子 zi se xuan gou zi
24, 28*.
Forests, forest margins, thickets, grasslands, ravines, valleys, rock Rubus purpureus Bunge ex J. D. Hooker.
crevices, slopes; 400–3100 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Subshrubs or herblike, 10–60 cm tall. Branchlets brown or
Mongol, Qinghai, Xinjiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; Europe].
 ROSACEAE

reddish brown to purplish red, with purple needle-like prickles, lose. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul.
soft hairs, and stipitate glands. Leaves imparipinnate, 3-folio-
● Mixed forests, thickets, bamboo thickets, grasslands, ravines,
late, rarely 5-foliolate; petiole 3–5 cm, petiolule of terminal
valleys; 1000–3400 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, NE
leaflet 1–2 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, with purple needle- Yunnan.
like prickles, soft hairs, and glandular hairs; stipules greenish
brown, linear or linear-lanceolate, 7–9 mm, pubescent, with 1a. Leaflets at first tomentose, glabrescent
intermixed glandular hairs; blade of leaflets ovate or elliptic, 3– abaxially, subglabrous when old;
5 × 2–3.5 cm, abaxially densely gray tomentose, adaxially branchlets, petioles, pedicels, and
puberulous, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, subtruncate on abaxial surface of calyx with
terminal leaflet, margin unevenly coarsely serrate or doubly ser- sparse, glandular hairs; leaves
rate, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, 3–5-foliolate .................................... 20d. var. etomentosus
nutant, 1–3-flowered; bracts linear, 5–7 mm, pubescent, with 1b. Leaflet persistently tomentose abaxially;
intermixed glandular hairs. Pedicel 1.5–3 cm, prickly, pubes- branchlets, petioles, pedicels, and
cent, with stalked glands. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam. Calyx abaxial surface of calyx with
tinged purplish red, with purple needle-like prickles, soft hairs, sparse, glandular hairs or not;
and stalked glands; tube shallowly cupular; sepals erect, nar- leaves 3–7-foliolate.
rowly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm × 3–5 mm, apex 2a. Branchlets, petioles, pedicel,
acuminate to caudate. Petals white, broadly elliptic or spatulate, and abaxial surface of calyx
8–11 × 5–7 mm, shorter than sepals, pubescent, base shortly without glandular hairs ............... 20c. var. trullisatus
clawed. Stamens numerous, slightly shorter than petals; fila- 2b. Branchlets, petioles, pedicel,
ments linear. Pistils nearly as long as or slightly shorter than
and abaxial surface of calyx
stamens; ovary gray tomentose. Aggregate fruit red, subglo-
with glandular hairs.
bose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., tomentose; pyrenes smooth or some-
3a. Leaves 3–5-foliolate,
what reticulate. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
sepals 1–1.5 cm .................. 20a. var. eucalyptus
Slopes, forest margins, thickets; 2000–4500 m. Gansu, Qinghai, 3b. Leaves 7-foliolate;
Sichuan, SE Xizang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, NW India, Kashmir, Paki- sepals 1.5–2 cm ............... 20b. var. yunnanensis
stan].
20a. Rubus eucalyptus var. eucalyptus
20. Rubus eucalyptus Focke, Biblioth. Bot. 17(Heft 72): 169.
1911. 桉叶悬钩子(原变种) an ye xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
桉叶悬钩子 an ye xuan gou zi Rubus lasiostylus Focke f. glandulosus Focke.

Shrubs 1.5–4 m tall. Branchlets dark purplish brown or Leaves 3–5-foliolate. Branchlets, petioles, pedicel, and
brown, glabrous, with sparse, curved robust prickles; flowering abaxial surface of calyx with glandular hairs. Sepals narrower,
shoots short, pubescent, stipitate glandular, with curved prick- 1–1.5 cm wide. Aggregate fruit 1.2–2 cm in diam.
les. Leaves imparipinnate, 3–5(or 7)-foliolate; petiole 5–8 cm, ● Mixed forests, thickets, grassy wastelands; 1000–2500 m. Gan-
petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2.5 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, su, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
petiolules and rachis sparsely pubescent, stipitate glandular,
20b. Rubus eucalyptus var. yunnanensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
with needle-like prickles; stipules linear, 6–9 mm, pubescent,
Acta. Phytotax. Sin. 20: 296. 1982.
with intermixed glandular hairs; terminal leaflet blade ovate,
rhombic-ovate, or rhombic-lanceolate, lateral blade of leaflets 云南桉叶悬钩子 yun nan an ye xuan gou zi
rhombic-ovate or elliptic, 2–6(–8) × 1.5–4(–5) cm, abaxially
Leaves 7-foliolate. Branchlets, petioles, pedicel, and abax-
densely gray tomentose, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cune-
ial surface of calyx with glandular hairs. Sepals broader, 1.5–2
ate to rounded, rarely subcordate, margin irregularly coarsely
cm wide. Aggregate fruit to 2 cm in diam.
serrate or incised-doubly serrate, sometimes 3-lobed on termi-
nal leaflet, often acuminate, but acute on lateral leaflets. Inflo- ● Grasslands, bamboo thickets; ca. 3400 m. NE Yunnan (Huize
rescences terminal, rarely axillary, 1- or 2-flowered; bracts li- Xian).
near, 5–7 mm, pubescent, with intermixed glandular hairs. 20c. Rubus eucalyptus var. trullisatus (Focke) T. T. Yu & L.
Pedicel 2–4(–5) cm, pubescent, with stalked glands and needle- T. Lu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37: 54. 1985.
like prickles. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially ±
pubescent, with stalked glands and needle-like prickles; sepals 无腺桉叶悬钩子 wu xian an ye xuan gou zi
spreading, rarely reflexed in fruit, ovate-lanceolate or triangu- Rubus trullisatus Focke, Biblioth. Bot. 17(Heft 72): 169.
lar-lanceolate, 1–1.5(–2) cm × 4–6 mm, apex caudate, margin 1911; R. eriococcus Cardot; R. lasiostylus Focke var. villosus
gray tomentose. Petals white, spatulate, 7–8 × 3–4 mm, shorter Cardot.
than sepals, base broadly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens numer-
ous, shorter than petals; filaments linear. Pistils longer than sta- Leaves 3-foliolate, rarely 5-foliolate. Branchlets, petioles,
mens; basal part of style and apical part of ovary densely long pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx with soft hairs, without
gray tomentose. Aggregate fruit red at maturity, subglobose, glandular hairs. Calyx abaxially with sparse, needle-like
1.2–2 cm in diam., densely long gray tomentose; pyrenes rugu- prickles.
 ROSACEAE

● Thickets, ravines, valleys; 1000–2500 m. W Hubei, SE Shaanxi, 覆盆子(原变种) fu pen zi (yuan bian zhong)
Sichuan.
Rubus idaeus subsp. vulgatus Arrhenius.
20d. Rubus eucalyptus var. etomentosus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 296. 1982. Inflorescence rachis, pedicels, and abaxial surface of calyx
without glandular hairs. Branchlets, petioles, and pedicels to-
脱毛桉叶悬钩子 tuo mao an ye xuan gou zi mentose, ± prickly.
Leaves 3–5-foliolate, abaxially tomentose, glabrescent, Mixed forests and forest margins in mountainous regions, thick-
subglabrous when old. Branchlets, petioles, pedicel, and abaxial ets, waste places; 500–2500 m. Hebei, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi, Xinjiang
surface of calyx with sparse, glandular hairs. [Japan, Russia; Europe, North America].
● Slopes in mixed forests; ca. 2300 m. N Sichuan (Songpan
21b. Rubus idaeus var. glabratus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta
Xian).
Phytotax. Sin. 20: 297. 1982.
21. Rubus idaeus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 492. 1753.
无毛覆盆子 wu mao fu pen zi
覆盆子 fu pen zi
Inflorescence rachis, pedicels, and abaxial surface of calyx
Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets brown or reddish brown, without glandular hairs. Branchlets, petioles, and pedicels gla-
terete, sparsely tomentose when young, with sparse prickles, brous, with sparse prickles.
without stalked glands. Leaves imparipinnate, 5–7-foliolate,
rarely 3-foliolate; petiole 3–6 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet ● Mixed forests, roadsides. S Heilongjiang.
ca. 1 cm, petiolule and rachis tomentose, with sparse, minute 21c. Rubus idaeus var. borealisinensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
prickles, without glandular hairs; stipules linear, pubescent; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 297. 1982.
blade of leaflets narrowly ovate or elliptic, often ovate on termi-
nal leaflet, 3–8 × 1.5–4.5 cm, abaxially densely tomentose, 华北覆盆子 hua bei fu pen zi
adaxially glabrous or pilose, base rounded, sometimes subcor- Inflorescence rachis, pedicels, and abaxial surface of calyx
date on terminal leaflet, margin unevenly coarsely serrate or with glandular hairs. Branchlets, petioles, and pedicels with
doubly serrate, sometimes lobed on terminal leaflet, apex short- sparse prickles or nearly unarmed.
ly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, short racemes, rarely
● Valleys, forests, forest margins, slopes, meadows; 1200–2500
several flowers in clusters in leaf axils; rachis, pedicels, and
m. W Hebei, Nei Mongol (Daqingshan, Liangcheng), Shanxi.
abaxial surface of calyx densely tomentose, with dense or
sparse, needle-like prickles, without glandular hairs; bracts 22. Rubus aurantiacus Focke, Biblioth. Bot. 17(Heft 72): 211.
linear, soft hairy. Pedicel 1–2 cm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. 1911.
Sepals erect, ovate-lanceolate, margin gray tomentose, apex 橘红悬钩子 ju hong xuan gou zi
caudate. Petals white, spatulate, puberulous or glabrous, base
broadly clawed. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branchlets brown or reddish brown,
broadened and flattened. Pistils shorter than stamens; ovary and with sparse curved prickles, pubescent, gradually glabrescent,
base of style densely gray tomentose. Aggregate fruit red or subglabrous or glabrous when old. Leaves imparipinnate, usual-
orange, subglobose, 1–1.4 cm in diam., densely shortly tomen- ly 3-foliolate; petiole 2–5(–7) cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet
tose; pyrenes prominently pitted. 2n = 14*. 1–2 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis with soft
hairs and sparse, curved prickles; stipules linear, 4–7 mm, pu-
Forests, forest margins, thickets, valleys, slopes, meadows, road-
bescent; blade of leaflets ovate, elliptic, or suborbicular, 2–6
sides, waste places; 500–2500 m. Hebei, S Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liao-
ning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Japan, Russia; Europe, North (–9) × 1.5–5(–6) cm, abaxially densely gray tomentose, adax-
America]. ially puberulous or subglabrous, base variable in shape, round-
ed to shallowly cordate on terminal leaflet, cuneate on lateral
The fruit are eaten raw and are used for making jam, jelly, juice, leaflets, margin irregularly coarsely sharply serrate or incised-
wine, and vinegar. The dried fruit are used in medicine. The stems and
doubly serrate, apex acute, shortly acuminate, or obtuse. Inflo-
roots are a source of tannin.
rescences terminal, corymbose or short racemes, 6–8 cm, ca. 5–
1a. Inflorescence rachis, pedicels, and 10-flowered, or axillary and 1–3-flowered; rachis and pedicels
abaxial surface of calyx with densely tomentose, with sparse, minute prickles; bracts linear,
glandular hairs; branchlets, petioles, 4–6 mm, pubescent. Pedicel 1–2.5 cm. Flowers 1–2 cm in
and pedicel with sparse prickles diam. Calyx abaxially densely tomentose, unarmed, rarely with
or nearly unarmed ........................ 21c. var. borealisinensis sparse, minute prickles; tube pelviform; sepals erect, broadly
1b. Inflorescence rachis, pedicels, and ovate or triangular-lanceolate, 7–9 × 3–4 mm, abaxially densely
abaxial surface of calyx without tomentose, apex acuminate to caudate. Petals white, rarely pink,
glandular hairs. obovate or suborbicular, 4–6 mm in diam., slightly shorter than
2a. Branchlets, petioles, and pedicel sepals, base shortly clawed, soft hairy. Stamens many, shorter
tomentose, ± prickly .......................... 21a. var. idaeus than petals; filaments broadened and flattened. Pistils nearly as
2b. Branchlets, petioles, and pedicel long as stamens; ovary and base of style densely gray tomen-
glabrous, with sparse prickles ..... 21b. var. glabratus tose. Aggregate fruit orange or orange-red, semiglobose, less
than 1 cm, ca. 1 cm or more in diam., densely tomentose; dru-
21a. Rubus idaeus var. idaeus
 ROSACEAE

pelets few; pyrenes shallowly reticulate. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul– Rubus idaeus Linnaeus f. concolor (Komarov) Ohwi; R.
Aug. idaeus subsp. komarovii (Nakai) V. N. Voroschilov; R. idaeus
var. concolor (Komarov) Nakai; R. kanayamensis H. Léveillé
● Valleys, wet places, stream sides, slopes, forests, thickets;
1500–3300 m. W Guizhou, W Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan.
& Vaniot; R. melanolasius Focke; R. melanolasius var. con-
color Komarov; R. sachalinensis H. Léveillé var. concolor
1a. Leaflets ovate to elliptic, apex acute (Komarov) Lauener & D. K. Ferguson.
or shortly acuminate .......................... 22a. var. aurantiacus
1b. Leaflets suborbicular to ovate, apex Shrubs to 1 m tall. Annotinous shoots green or greenish
obtuse, rarely acute ........................... 22b. var. obtusifolius brown, without or with white bloom, prickly, occasionally
sparsely stipitate glandular; prickles green. Leaves imparipin-
22a. Rubus aurantiacus var. aurantiacus nate, 3-foliolate, rarely 5-foliolate; petiole 2–4 cm, petiolule of
橘红悬钩子(原变种) ju hong xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong) terminal leaflet 1–1.5 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule
and rachis thinly pubescent, prickly; stipules linear, 4–6 mm,
Leaflets ovate or elliptic, apex acute or shortly acuminate. thinly pubescent, with stalked glands; blade of leaflets ovate,
● Valleys, stream sides, slopes, forests, thickets; 1500–3300 m. W rarely ovate-lanceolate, 3–6 × 1.5–4.5 cm, abaxially thinly pu-
Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan. bescent, with sparse, needle-like prickles only along veins,
adaxially glabrous or subglabrous, base cuneate to rounded,
22b. Rubus aurantiacus var. obtusifolius T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, margin unevenly coarsely sharply serrate, apex acute, some-
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 297. 1982. times shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, corymbs or
钝叶橘红悬钩子 dun ye ju hong xuan gou zi flowers several in clusters in leaf axils; rachis and pedicels pu-
berulous, with sparse, stalked glands; bracts linear-lanceolate,
Leaflets suborbicular or ovate, apex obtuse, rarely acute. 3–5 mm, with soft hairs and stalked glands. Pedicel 1–2 cm.
● Valleys, stream sides, grassy slopes, wet places; below 1600 m. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially with soft hairs,
W Guizhou, S and W Yunnan. needle-like prickles, and sparse, stalked glands; tube pelviform;
sepals often erect after anthesis, triangular to triangular-lan-
23. Rubus austrotibetanus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta
ceolate, 8–12 × 2–3.5 cm, apex acuminate to caudate. Petals
Phytotax. Sin. 18: 496. 1980.
white, oblong or spatulate, nearly as long as or somewhat short-
藏南悬钩子 zang nan xuan gou zi er than sepals, base clawed. Stamens numerous, shorter than
petals; filaments linear. Pistils many; ovary and base of style
Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets brownish to purplish brown,
shortly gray tomentose. Aggregate fruit red, ovoid, ca. 1 cm in
cylindric, soft hairy, gradually glabrescent, with sparse prickles. diam., shortly tomentose, aromatic; pyrenes rugulose. Fl. May–
Leaves imparipinnate, usually 3-foliolate, those below inflo- Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 28*.
rescence sometimes 3-lobed; petiole 5–8 cm, petiolule of ter-
minal leaflet 1–2.5 cm, lateral leaflets shortly petiolulate or sub- Forest margins, logged forests, rocky slopes; 500–1500 m. N Hei-
sessile, pubescent when young, glabrescent, with sparse, minute longjiang (Da Hinggan Ling), S Jilin (Changbai Shan), Liaoning [Ko-
prickles; stipules linear, 1–1.3 cm, pubescent; blade of leaflets rea, E Russia].
broadly ovate, terminal leaflet sometimes ovate-lanceolate, 4–8 25. Rubus pileatus Focke, Hooker’s Icon. Pl., ser. 3, 10: sub t.
× 3–6 cm, abaxially densely gray tomentose, adaxially gla- 1952. 1891.
brous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin unevenly
coarsely serrate or doubly serrate, apex shortly acuminate to 菰帽悬钩子 gu mao xuan gou zi
caudate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, corymbose or short Shrubs scandent, 1–3 m tall. Branchlets purple when
racemes, 5–10-flowered, sometimes axillary and 1–3-flowered; young, brownish or grayish brown in age, glabrous, with sparse
rachis and pedicels pubescent, with sparse, minute prickles; prickles, with white bloom. Leaves imparipinnate, usually 5–7-
bracts linear, smaller than stipules. Pedicel 1–2 cm. Flowers foliolate; petiole 3–10 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm,
1.5–2 cm in diam. Calyx tube purple, abaxially pubescent, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolules and rachis sparsely pubes-
sometimes with sparse, minute prickles; sepals erect after an- cent, with sparse, minute prickles; stipules lanceolate or linear-
thesis, broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 0.8–1.4 cm, gray to- lanceolate, 8–10(–12) × 2–3 mm, pilose, glabrescent; blade of
mentose, apex abruptly pointed or acuminate. Petals purple, leaflets ovate, narrowly obovate, or elliptic, 2.5–6(–8) × 1.5–
broadly obovate or elliptic, 5–8 mm, both surfaces soft hairy, 4(–6) cm, both surfaces pubescent along veins, base sub-
base shortly clawed. Stamens many, shorter than petals; fila- rounded or broadly cuneate, margin coarsely doubly serrate,
ments linear. Pistils numerous, shorter than stamens; ovary and sometimes slightly lobed on terminal leaflet, apex acute to acu-
basal part of style gray tomentose. Aggregate fruit red, nar- minate. Inflorescences terminal, corymbose, 2–4 cm, 3–5-flow-
rowly ovoid, 1–1.5 cm, ca. 1 cm in diam., gray tomentose; ered, rarely flowers solitary; bracts linear, 6–7 mm, pilose when
drupelets many; pyrenes reticulate. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. young, glabrescent. Pedicel (1.5–)2–3.5 cm, slender, glabrous,
● Mixed forests, broad-leaved evergreen forests, valleys, slopes
with sparse, minute prickles or unarmed. Flowers 1–1.5(–2) cm
on roadsides, thickets; 2600–3800 m. S Xizang, W Yunnan. in diam. Calyx purple, abaxially glabrous; sepals reflexed in
fruit, ovate-lanceolate, 7–10 × 2–4 mm, long caudate, margin
24. Rubus komarovii Nakai, Chosenshokubutsu 1: 304. 1914. tomentose. Petals white, obovate, slightly shorter than or nearly
as long as sepals, base sparsely pubescent and shortly clawed.
绿叶悬钩子 lu ye xuan gou zi
 ROSACEAE

Stamens many, shorter than sepals; filaments linear. Pistils nu- 26b. Rubus pseudopileatus var. kangdingensis T. T. Yu & L.
merous; ovary and basal part of style densely long gray to- T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 299. 1982.
mentose; styles elongated in fruit. Aggregate fruit red, ovoid-
康定假帽莓 kang ding jia mao mei
globose, 0.8–1.2 cm in diam. densely gray tomentose; style per-
sistent; pyrenes distinctly rugose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. Pedicel glabrous, with dense needle-like prickles and
● Sparse forests on roadsides, dense forests in montane valleys,
sparse, stalked glands. Calyx abaxially glabrous.
river sides, ravines; 1400–2800 m. Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Qinghai, ● C Sichuan (Kangding Xian).
Shaanxi, Sichuan.
26c. Rubus pseudopileatus var. glabratus T. T. Yu & L. T.
26. Rubus pseudopileatus Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 308. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 298. 1982.
1914.
光梗假帽莓 guang geng jia mao mei
假帽莓 jia mao mei
Pedicel unarmed or nearly so, usually without stalked
Shrubs scandent, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets purple, with soft glands. Calyx abaxially glabrous margin.
hairs and ± slender prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, 5–7-folio-
late, rarely 3-foliolate; petiole 4–9 cm, petiolule of terminal ● Shaded montane valleys, sparsely forested slopes; 2100–2900
leaflet 1–2 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolules and rachis m. W Sichuan.
with soft hairs and minute prickles; stipules linear or linear-lan- 27. Rubus subinopertus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax.
ceolate, soft hairy; blade of leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, Sin. 18: 497. 1980.
4–8 × 2.5–5 cm, abaxially glabrous except pilose along veins,
adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin 紫红悬钩子 zi hong xuan gou zi
irregularly incised-doubly serrate, apex acuminate, rarely acute.
Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branchlets brownish to purplish brown,
Inflorescences terminal, corymbose, 3–5-flowered, or flowers
terete, densely slender pubescent, glabrescent, with sparse,
solitary in leaf axils; bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, soft
curved prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, (5–)7–9(–11)-foliolate;
hairy. Pedicel 1–2 cm, soft hairy, unarmed or prickly. Flowers
petiole 3–6 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm, lateral leaf-
2–3 cm in diam. Calyx purple, abaxially puberulous to subgla-
lets subsessile, petiolules and rachis slender pubescent, with
brous, sometimes prickly; sepals erect after anthesis, triangular-
sparse, curved minute prickles; stipules linear or linear-lan-
lanceolate or triangular-ovate, 1–1.5 cm × 5–8 mm, apex acu-
ceolate, 5–7 mm, slender pubescent; blade of leaflets ovate to
minate, inner sepals with gray tomentose margin. Petals pink or
ovate-lanceolate, 4–7 × 2–4 cm, abaxially pubescent only along
white turning red, broadly obovate, slightly longer than or
veins, adaxially soft hairy when young, glabrescent, base broad-
nearly as long as sepals, soft hairy basally, base shortly clawed.
Stamens many in several whorls, unequal in length; filaments ly cuneate to rounded, margin coarsely sharp doubly serrate or
glabrous or slightly pilose. Pistils numerous, slightly longer or incised-doubly serrate, often pinnate-lobed on terminal leaflet,
shorter than stamens; ovary and base of style densely long gray apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, corymbose
tomentose. Aggregate fruit red, ovoid-globose, 1.3–2 cm in or short racemes, 3–4.5 cm, terminal ones more than 10-flow-
diam., densely long gray tomentose; pyrenes shallowly rugose ered, axillary ones 3–5-flowered, rarely flowers solitary in leaf
or ± smooth. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. axils; rachis and pedicels finely pubescent; bracts linear or
linear-lanceolate, 4–6 mm, puberulous. Pedicel 0.7–1.5 cm.
● Forests and forest margins in mountainous regions, shaded Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Calyx brownish purple, abaxially
montane valleys, sparsely forested slopes; 2100–3200 m. Sichuan. finely pubescent; sepals reflexed in fruit, ovate or triangular-
1a. Pedicel soft hairy; abaxial lanceolate, 4–7 mm, margin tomentose, apex acute to acumi-
surface of calyx soft hairy nate. Petals pink or purplish red, obovate or suborbicular, 4–6 ×
or subglabrous .............................. 26a. var. pseudopileatus 3–4(–5) mm, base shortly clawed and finely pubescent. Sta-
1b. Pedicel and abaxial surface of mens many, shorter than petals; filaments linear. Pistils numer-
calyx glabrous. ous, somewhat shorter than or nearly as long as stamens; ovary
2a. Pedicel with dense needle-like and base of style densely gray tomentose. Aggregate fruit yel-
prickles and sparse, stalked lowish red when immature, purplish red at maturity, semiglo-
glands .................................... 26b. var. kangdingensis bose, 0.8–1.2 cm in diam., densely shortly gray tomentose;
2b. Pedicel unarmed or nearly pyrenes rugulose. F1. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
unarmed, usually without
● Thickets on slopes, forests, forest margins; 1300–2500 m. W Si-
stalked glands ............................... 26c. var. glabratus chuan, SE Xizang, N Yunnan.
26a. Rubus pseudopileatus var. pseudopileatus
28. Rubus gyamdaensis L. T. Lu & Boufford, nom. nov.
假帽莓(原变种) jia mao mei (yuan bian zhong)
柔毛悬钩子 rou mao xuan gou zi
Pedicel soft hairy. Calyx abaxially soft hairy or subgla-
Replaced synonym: Rubus pubifolius T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
brous.
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 498. 1980, not L. H. Bailey (1945).
● Forests and forest margins in mountainous regions; 2300–3200
m. Sichuan. Shrubs. Branchlets purplish red, cylindric, pubescent, with
 ROSACEAE

slender prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, 5–7-foliolate, rarely 3- initially densely soft hairy, glabrescent, with sparse prickles,
foliolate on flower bearing branchlets; petiole 4–7 cm, petiolule with white bloom. Leaves imparipinnate, (5–)7–11(–13)-folio-
of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolules late; petiole 1–2 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 0.7–1.5 cm,
and rachis pubescent, with slender prickles; stipules linear or lateral leaflets sessile, petiolule and rachis with dense soft hairs
linear-lanceolate, pubescent; blade of leaflets variable in shape, and sparse, slender prickles; stipules linear-lanceolate, 4–8 mm,
terminal leaflet ovate or ovate-lanceolate, sometimes 3-lobed, pubescent; blade of leaflets variable, terminal leaflet ovate-lan-
lateral leaflets elliptic or ovate, 4–7 × 2–4.5 cm, both surfaces ceolate, 2.5–6.5 × 1.5–2.5 cm, more than 2 × as long as lateral
pubescent, more densely so abaxially, base broadly cuneate to leaflets, margin often pinnately lobed, deeply incised or coarse-
rounded, margin irregularly slenderly sharply serrate, coarsely ly sharply serrate, apex long acuminate, lateral leaflets oblique-
serrate, or doubly serrate, apex acute to shortly acuminate. In- ly ovate or ovate-orbicular, 1–3 × 0.6–1.5 cm, margin with
florescences often 1-flowered. Pedicel 4–6 cm, pubescent, with several large sharp teeth above middle, abaxially densely gray
sparse, intermixed short glandular hairs, with needle-like prick- tomentose, adaxially pubescent. Inflorescences terminal,
les. Flowers to 2 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially pubescent, un- corymbose, 2–4 cm, 3–8-flowered, rarely flowers solitary in
armed or with sparse, needle-like prickles; sepals spreading leaf axils; rachis and pedicels densely pubescent; bracts linear,
4–6 mm, pubescent. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm. Flowers 1–1.2 cm in
after anthesis, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.8(–2.5) cm, apex
diam. Calyx abaxially densely pubescent; sepals spreading at
caudate. Petals white. Stamens many, in 2 or 3 whorls, much
anthesis, reflexed in fruit, triangular-lanceolate, 5–7 × 2–4 mm,
shorter than sepals; filaments linear, somewhat broadened and
apex acuminate. Petals pink or purplish red, orbicular-ovate, 3–
flattened basally. Pistils numerous; ovary densely tomentose.
4.5 × 3–4 mm. Stamens numerous, purplish red; filaments li-
Fruit unknown. Fl. Jul–Aug.
near. Pistils nearly as long as stamens; ovary densely pubescent;
● Roadsides in mountains, forest margins, river sides; below styles ca. 3 mm, glabrous. Aggregate fruit purplish black or
2400–4200 m. W Sichuan, Xizang. dark red, subglobose, 8–10 mm in diam., densely gray pubes-
cent; pyrenes densely rugulose. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug.
1a. Leaflets pubescent on both surfaces,
more densely so abaxially, margin ● Thickets, forest margins, roadsides, slopes, ravines, dry places;
sharply slenderly serrate or doubly 900–2100 m. Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang.
serrate; sepals to 1.8 cm .................. 28a. var. gyamdaensis 30. Rubus phoenicolasius Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci.
1b. Leaflets sparsely pilose or pilose Saint-Pétersbourg, ser. 3, 17: 160. 1872.
only along veins on both
surfaces, margin coarsely 多腺悬钩子 duo xian xuan gou zi
serrate; sepals to 2.5 cm ................. 28b. var. glabriusculus Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branches upright at first, finally scram-
28a. Rubus gyamdaensis var. gyamdaensis bling, densely pubescent, with intermixed reddish brown bris-
tles, stalked glands, and sparse prickles. Leaves imparipinnate,
柔毛悬钩子(原变种) rou mao xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong) 3-foliolate, rarely 5-foliolate; petiole 3–6 cm, petiolule of ter-
minal leaflet 2–3 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and
Leaflets pubescent on both surfaces, more densely so rachis pubescent, with intermixed reddish brown bristles, stalk-
abaxially, margin sharply slenderly serrate or doubly serrate.
ed glands, and sparse prickles; stipules linear, 5–8 mm, pubes-
Sepals to 1.8 cm. cent, with intermixed glandular hairs; blade of leaflets ovate,
● Roadsides in mountains; ca. 4200 m. Xizang (Gongbo’gyamda broadly ovate, or rhombic, rarely elliptic, 4–8(–10) × 2–5(–7)
Xian). cm, abaxially densely gray tomentose, bristly, stipitate glandu-
lar, with sparse, minute needle-like prickles, adaxially appress-
28b. Rubus gyamdaensis var. glabriusculus (T. T. Yu & L. T.
ed pubescent or pubescent only along veins, base rounded to
Lu) L. T. Lu & Boufford, comb. nov.
subcordate, margin irregularly roughly serrate, usually incised,
川西柔毛悬钩子 chuan xi rou mao xuan gou zi terminal leaflet often lobed, apex acute to acuminate. Inflores-
cences terminal or axillary, short racemes, few flowered, termi-
Basionym: Rubus pubifolius var. glabriusculus T. T. Yu & nal racemes 6–10 cm, lateral ones shorter; rachis, pedicels, and
L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 299. 1982. abaxial surface of calyx densely pubescent, bristly, stipitate
Leaflets sparsely pilose or pilose only along veins on both glandular; bracts lanceolate, 5–8 mm, pubescent, stipitate
surfaces, margin coarsely serrate. Sepals to 2.5 cm. glandular, margin entire or apically 2-lobed. Pedicel 0.5–1.5
cm. Flowers 6–10 mm in diam. Sepals erect, lanceolate, 1–1.5
● Forest margins, river sides; below 2400 m. W Sichuan. cm × 4–7 mm, apex caudate. Petals purplish red, obovate-spat-
29. Rubus thibetanus Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., ulate or suborbicular, much longer than sepals, base long claw-
ser. 2, 8: 221. 1885. ed and pubescent. Stamens many, nearly as long as or slightly
shorter than petals. Pistils somewhat longer than stamens; ovary
西藏悬钩子 xi zang xuan gou zi glabrous or puberulous. Aggregate fruit orange or red, subglo-
bose, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes prominently rugose,
Rubus veitchii Rolfe.
pitted. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 14.
Shrubs 2–3 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown, cylindric, Roadsides, montane valleys; low to medium elevations. Gansu,
 ROSACEAE

Henan, Hubei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan [Japan, 31b. Rubus ellipticus var. obcordatus (Franchet) Focke, Bib-
Korea; naturalized in Europe and North America]. lioth. Bot. 17(Heft 72): 199. 1911.
31. Rubus ellipticus Smith in Rees, Cycl. 30: Rubus no. 16. 栽秧泡 zai yang pao
1819.
Rubus ellipticus Smith f. obcordatus Franchet, Pl. Dela-
椭圆悬钩子 tuo yuan xuan gou zi vay. 206. 1890; Rubus obcordatus (Franchet) Thuan.
Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown or brownish, Leaflets obovate, apex shallowly cordate or subtruncate.
pubescent, with sparse, curved prickles and dense, purplish Pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx very sparsely bristly.
brown bristles or glandular hairs. Leaves imparipinnate, 3-
foliolate; petiole 2–6 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 2–3 cm, Slopes, roadsides, thickets; 300–1000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Si-
lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis purplish red brist- chuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan [India, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam].
ly, pubescent, with minute prickles; stipules linear, 7–11 mm, 32. Rubus stimulans Focke, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh
pubescent, with intermixed glandular hairs; blade of leaflets 5: 74. 1911.
elliptic or obovate, 4–8(–12) × 3–6(–9) cm, terminal leaflet
much larger than lateral leaflets, abaxially densely tomentose, 华西悬钩子 hua xi xuan gou zi
with purplish red bristles along prominent veins, adaxially veins Rubus chinensis Franchet (1890), not Thunberg (1813),
impressed, pubescent along midvein, base rounded, margin un- nor Seringe (1825); R. chinensis Franchet var. concolor Cardot;
evenly minute sharply serrate, apex acute, abruptly pointed, R. stimulans var. concolor (Cardot) C. Y. Wu.
shallowly cordate, or subtruncate. Inflorescences terminal,
dense glomerate racemes, (1.5–)2–4 cm, flowers several to 10 Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets brown or reddish brown to
or more, or flowers several in clusters in leaf axils, rarely flow- purplish brown, soft hairy at first, gradually glabrescent,
ers solitary; rachis and pedicels pubescent, bristly; bracts linear, glabrous when old, with needle-like prickles, with sparse, stalk-
5–9 mm, pubescent. Pedicel 4–6 mm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in ed glands. Leaves imparipinnate, 5–7-foliolate; petiole 4–8 cm,
diam. Calyx abaxially pubescent, intermixed yellowish tomen- petiolule of terminal leaflet 1.5–3 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile,
tose, sparsely bristly; sepals erect, ovate, 4–5(–6) × 2–3(–4) petiolule and rachis pubescent, with needle-like prickles, or
mm, abaxially densely yellowish gray tomentose, apex acute with intermixed sparse, stalked glands; stipules lanceolate or li-
and abruptly pointed. Petals white or pink, spatulate, longer near lanceolate, 7–11 mm, pubescent or with sparse, stalked
than sepals, margin premorse, densely pubescent, base clawed. glands, blade of leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4–8 × 2–6
Stamens numerous, shorter than petals; filaments broadened cm, abaxially densely gray tomentose, adaxially sparsely pubes-
and flattened basally. Ovary pubescent; styles glabrous, slightly cent, base rounded, often subtruncate on terminal leaflet, mar-
longer than stamens. Aggregate fruit golden yellow, subglo- gin irregularly pinnate-lobed, sharply incised doubly serrate,
bose, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous or drupelets pubescent at apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences terminal on short
apex; pyrenes triangular-ovoid, densely rugulose. Fl. Mar–Apr, branchlets, 2- or 3-flowered, or flowers solitary in leaf axils;
fr. Apr–May. 2n = 14. bracts linear, 5–8 mm, pubescent. Pedicel 1–2.5 cm, with abax-
ial surface of calyx pubescent, with needle-like prickles or with
Slopes, montane valleys, sparse forests, thickets, roadsides; 300–
sparse, stipitate glandular hairs. Flowers 1.2–2 cm in diam. Ca-
2600 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, S Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India,
Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thai-
lyx tube pelviform; sepals erect, spreading, ovate-lanceolate,
land, Vietnam]. 1.5–2 cm × 4–6 mm, margin gray tomentose, apex caudate.
Petals pink or white with red spots, obovate or suborbicular, 5–
Rubus fasciculatus Duthie var. tomentosus Cardot (Notul. Syst. 6 mm in diam., much shorter than sepals, base pubescent and
(Paris) 3: 314. 1917), described from Yunnan based on P. Ngueou s.n. shortly clawed. Stamens numerous in 1 whorl, slightly shorter
and Ducloux 5147, is probably a synonym of R. ellipticus; the present
than or nearly as long as petals; filaments purplish red, linear.
authors have not seen the syntypes.
Pistils many, longer than stamens; style and ovary glabrous,
1a. Leaflets elliptic, apex acute or abruptly rarely sparsely pilose. Aggregate fruit red, subglobose, 1–1.5
pointed; pedicel and abaxial surface of cm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes shallowly rugose or pitted. Fl.
calyx bristly ........................................... 31a. var. ellipticus Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
1b. Leaflets obovate, apex shallowly cordate
● Coniferous forests, thickets in mountainous areas; 2000–4100
or subtruncate; pedicel and abaxial
m. SE Xizang, NW Yunnan.
surface of calyx with few bristles ...... 31b. var. obcordatus
33. Rubus parvifolius Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1197. 1753.
31a. Rubus ellipticus var. ellipticus
茅莓 mao mei
椭圆悬钩子(原变种) tuo yuan xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
Shrubs 1–2 m tall, with arching branches. Branchlets gray-
Leaflets elliptic, apex acute or abruptly pointed. Pedicel
ish brown or reddish brown to blackish brown, with soft hairs
and abaxial surface of calyx bristly. and sparse, curved prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, 3–5-folio-
Dry slopes, montane valleys, sparse forests; 1000–2600 m. Si- late; petiole 2.5–5 cm, terminal leaflet 1–2 cm, petiolulate, lat-
chuan, S Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, eral leaflets subsessile, with soft hairs and sparse, minute
Pakistan, Philippines, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam]. prickles; stipules linear, 7–10 mm, soft hairy; blade of leaflets
 ROSACEAE

rhombic-orbicular or obovate, 2.5–6 × 2–6 cm, abaxially dense- Rubus triphyllus Thunberg var. adenochlamys Focke, Bot.
ly gray tomentose, adaxially appressed-pilose, base rounded or Jahrb. Syst. 36(Beibl. 82): 55. 1905; R. adenochlamys (Focke)
broadly cuneate, margin unevenly coarsely serrate or coarsely Focke; R. adenochlamys var. orientalis F. P. Metcalf; R. tri-
incised-doubly serrate, often lobed, apex obtuse or acute. In- phyllus var. oukiakiensis Pampanini.
florescences terminal, corymbose, rarely short racemes, 4–8
Leaves 3-foliolate. Inflorescence rachis, pedicels, and
cm, several to many flowered, axillary inflorescences corym-
abaxial surface of calyx with rust colored stalked glands.
bose; rachis and pedicels pubescent, with minute prickles;
bracts linear, 6–10 mm, pubescent. Pedicel 0.5–1.5 cm. Flowers Sunny slopes, forests; 500–2700 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei,
ca. 1 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely pubescent, with un- Hunan, Jiangsu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan].
equal long needle-like prickles; sepals erect, spreading, ovate- 33c. Rubus parvifolius var. toapiensis (Yamamoto) Hosoka-
lanceolate or lanceolate, 5–8 × 2–4 mm, apex acuminate,
wa in Makino, Fl. Jap. Suppl. 352. 1936.
occasionally laciniate. Petals pink to purplish red, ovate-orbicu-
lar or oblong, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, base clawed. Stamens numerous, 五叶红梅消 wu ye hong mei xiao
somewhat shorter than petals; filaments white, linear. Pistils
Rubus triphyllus Thunberg var. toapiensis Yamamoto, J.
slightly longer than or ca. as long as stamens; ovary pubescent.
Soc. Trop. Agric. 4: 305. 1932.
Aggregate fruit red, ovoid-globose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., glabrous
or somewhat pubescent; pyrenes shallowly rugose. Fl May–Jun, Leaves 5-foliolate.
fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 14*, 21*, 28*.
● Thickets, clearings; low elevations. E Taiwan.
Forests, thickets, clearings, slopes, sunny valleys, roadsides, waste
places; 400–2700 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Gui- 34. Rubus erythrocarpus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax.
zhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Sin. 20: 299. 1982.
Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi,
红果悬钩子 hong guo xuan gou zi
Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Vietnam].
The fruit are eaten raw and are also used for making jam, jelly,
Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown or purplish
juice, syrup, candy, wine, and vinegar. The dried fruit are used in tra- brown to purplish black, cylindric, glabrous, with ± slender
ditional Chinese medicine. The young plants are used as a substitute for prickles, without stalked glands. Leaves imparipinnate, usually
tea, and the stems and roots are a source of tannin. 3-foliolate; petiole 4–7 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1.5–3
cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, glabrous or pilose, rarely with
1a. Leaves 5-foliolate ................................. 33c. var. toapiensis
sparse, stalked glands, with ± slender prickles; stipules linear or
1b. Leaves 3-foliolate.
linear-lanceolate, 7–9 mm, glabrous; blade of leaflets 4–10 ×
2a. Inflorescence rachis, pedicels,
2.5–6 cm, terminal one ovate to ovate-lanceolate, base rounded
and abaxial surface of calyx
to shallowly cordate, lateral leaflets ovate or elliptic, base
without rust colored stalked
broadly cuneate to rounded, abaxially densely gray tomentose,
glands .......................................... 33a. var. parvifolius
with sparse, slender prickles along veins, adaxially pilose, mar-
2b. Inflorescence rachis, pedicels,
and abaxial surface of calyx gin coarsely incised-doubly serrate or irregularly sharply ser-
with rust colored stalked rate, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or
glands .................................... 33b. var. adenochlamys axillary, corymbose, 3–4(–5) cm, 3- or 4-flowered, sometimes
flowers solitary in leaf axils; rachis and pedicels glabrous, with
33a. Rubus parvifolius var. parvifolius ± slender prickles, without stalked glands; bracts linear, 5–7
mm, glabrous. Pedicel 1–2.5 cm. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam.
茅莓(原变种) mao mei (yuan bian zhong)
Calyx abaxially usually glabrous, with needle-like prickles,
Rubus parvifolius subvar. subconcolor (Cardot) Masamu- occasionally with sparse, stalked glands; sepals erect, rarely re-
ne; R. parvifolius var. subconcolor (Cardot) Makino & Nemoto; flexed in fruit, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm × 3–5
R. parvifolius var. triphyllus (Thunberg) Nakai; R. pauciflorus mm, often tomentose at margin, caudate. Petals pink, elliptic or
Baker; R. taquetii H. Léveillé; R. triphyllus Thunberg; R. tri- obovate, shorter than sepals, puberulous. Stamens numerous in
phyllus var. eglandulosus L. H. Bailey; R. triphyllus var. sub- 1 whorl, shorter than petals; filaments linear. Pistils many,
concolor Cardot. slightly shorter than stamens; ovary pilose. Aggregate fruit red,
Leaves 3-foliolate. Inflorescence rachis, pedicels, and subglobose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., glabrous at maturity; pyrenes
abaxial surface of calyx without rust colored stalked glands. densely rugulose. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct.

Mixed forested slopes, sunny valleys, roadsides, waste places; ● Rocky slopes, thickets, mixed forests; 3000–3800 m. NW
400–2600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan.
Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, 1a. Abaxial surface of calyx with few
Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan,
needle-like prickles, without
Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Vietnam].
stalked glands or occasionally
33b. Rubus parvifolius var. adenochlamys (Focke) Migo, J. with sparse, stalked glands ............ 34a. var. erythrocarpus
Shanghai Sci. Inst. 3: 169. 1939. 1b. Abaxial surface of calyx with
dense needle-like prickles
腺花茅莓 xian hua mao mei
 ROSACEAE

and stalked glands ............................... 34b. var. weixiensis 35a. Rubus subornatus var. subornatus
34a. Rubus erythrocarpus var. erythrocarpus 美饰悬钩子(原变种) mei shi xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
红果悬钩子(原变种) hong guo xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong) Rubus parvifolius Linnaeus f. parce Focke; R. parvifolius
var. purpureus Y. Gu & W. L. Li; R. subornatus var. concolor
Abaxial surface of calyx with few needle-like prickles,
Cardot; R. subornatus var. fockei H. Léveillé.
without stalked glands or occasionally with sparse, stalked
glands. Branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences without stipitate
glands.
● Rocky slopes, thickets; 3000–3800 m. NW Yunnan.
Thickets on rocky slopes, mixed forests in valleys, ravines; 1900–
34b. Rubus erythrocarpus var. weixiensis T. T. Yu & L. T. 4000 m. W Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [N Myanmar].
Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 300. 1982.
35b. Rubus subornatus var. melanadenus Focke, Biblioth.
腺萼红果悬钩子 xian e hong guo xuan gou zi Bot. 19(Heft 83): 47. 1914.
Abaxial surface of calyx with dense needle-like prickles 黑腺美饰悬钩子 hei xian mei shi xuan gou zi
and stalked glands.
● Mixed forests; below 3200 m. NW Yunnan (Weixi Xian).
Rubus vicarius Focke.

35. Rubus subornatus Focke, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin- Branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences with purplish black
burgh 5: 77. 1911. or purplish brown stipitate glands.
● Slopes, roadsides, thickets, forests; 2700–4000 m. W Sichuan, E
美饰悬钩子 mei shi xuan gou zi
Xizang, NW Yunnan.
Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown or brown to
36. Rubus kulinganus L. H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 1: 30. 1920.
purplish red, initially soft hairy, glabrescent, glabrous when old,
with sparse, slender prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, usually 3- 牯岭悬钩子 gu ling xuan gou zi
foliolate. Petiole 4–8 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1.5–3.5
cm, lateral leaflets shortly petiolulate or subsessile, with soft Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets brown or reddish brown,
hairs or sparse prickles; stipules linear-lanceolate, 0.8–1.5 cm, pubescent at first, glabrescent, glabrous when old, nearly un-
pubescent; blade of leaflets broadly ovate to narrowly ovate, 4– armed or with sparse prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, 3-folio-
8 × 2.5–5.5 cm, abaxially densely gray tomentose, adaxially late; petiole 5–9 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm, lateral
pilose, basally rounded to shallowly cordate on terminal leaflet, leaflets subsessile or shortly petiolulate, pubescent, with sparse,
broadly cuneate to subrounded on lateral leaflets, margin needle-like prickles; stipules linear, 5–7 mm, pubescent; blade
coarsely sharply serrate or incised-doubly serrate, sometimes of leaflets lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 4–8(–10) × 1.5–
pinnately lobed, apex shortly acuminate or acute. Inflorescences 3(–4) cm, abaxially densely gray tomentose, adaxially glab-
terminal, corymbose, 3–5 cm, 6–10-flowered, or flowers soli- rous, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin irregularly
tary or in clusters of 2 or 3 in leaf axils; rachis and pedicles roughly sharply serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences usually
pubescent, ± with needle-like prickles; bracts linear, 6–12 mm, terminal, corymbose or short racemes, (3–)4–5 cm, several to
pubescent. Pedicel 1–2.5 cm, sometimes with sparse, stipitate more than 10-flowered; rachis and pedicels pubescent; bracts
glands. Flowers 2–3 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially gray pubes- lanceolate or linear, 5–6 mm, pubescent. Pedicel 0.5–1 cm.
cent, intermixed tomentose, sometimes with needle-like prick- Flowers 6–9 mm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely white tom-
les and stipitate glands; tube pelviform; sepals erect, spreading entose, with intermixed straight hairs; sepals erect in flower and
after anthesis, triangular-lanceolate, unequal in length, longer fruit, ovate, 5–6 × 2–3 mm, apex acute, cuspidate. Petals purp-
sepals to 1.5 cm, shorter sepals only (6–)7–10 mm, margin gray lish red, broadly elliptic or narrowly obovate, tomentose, base
tomentose and entire, apex caudate. Petals purplish red, obo- long clawed. Stamens many, nearly as long as petals; fila-
vate, 7–10 × 5–7 mm, both surfaces puberulous, base shortly ments broadened and flattened basally. Pistils numerous, nearly
clawed. Stamens many in 1 whorl, slightly shorter than petals; as long as or slightly shorter than stamens; ovary and base of
filaments linear, glabrous. Pistils numerous, somewhat shorter style pubescent. Aggregate fruit red, subglobose, less than 1 cm
than stamens; ovary ± pubescent. Aggregate fruit red, ovoid- in diam., pilose; pyrenes shallowly rugose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul.
globose, 8–11 mm in diam., glabrous or slightly pilose; pyrenes ● Mixed forested slopes, hillsides; below 2000 m. Anhui Jiangxi,
prominently rugose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. Zhejiang.
Slopes, thickets, roadsides, forests, ravines; 1900–4000 m. W Si- 37. Rubus mesogaeus Focke, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 399. 1900.
chuan, E Xizang, NW Yunnan [N Myanmar].
喜阴悬钩子 xi yin xuan gou zi
1a. Branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences
Shrubs scandent, 1–4 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown or
without stipitate glands ...................... 35a. var. subornatus
purplish brown, with soft hairs and sparse, needle-like prickles
1b. Branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences
with purplish black or purplish brown or nearly unarmed, old branches grayish brown, with sparse
stipitate glands ................................ 35b. var. melanadenus prickles broadened basally. Leaves imparipinnate, often 3-folio-
late, rarely 5-foliolate; petiole 3–7 cm, petiolule of terminal
 ROSACEAE

leaflet 1.5–4 cm, lateral leaflets shortly petiolulate or subsessile, oles, and pedicels ± with stalked glands.
petiolules and rachis pubescent, with sparse, curved minute
● Mixed forested slopes, montane valleys, roadsides, stream sides;
prickles; stipules linear, to 1.2 cm, pubescent, margin entire; below 2800 m. Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
blade of leaflets variable in shape, terminal leaflet broadly
rhombic-ovate or elliptic-ovate, base rounded to subcordate, 37c. Rubus mesogaeus var. glabrescens T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
margin often pinnate-lobed, apex acuminate, lateral leaflets Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 300. 1982.
obliquely elliptic or ovate, 4–9(–11) × 3–7(–9) cm, abaxially 脱毛喜阴悬钩子 tuo mao xi yin xuan gou zi
densely gray tomentose, adaxially appressed pubescent or gla-
brescent, base cuneate to rounded, margin unevenly coarsely Leaflets tomentose at first, glabrescent, subglabrous when
serrate, often lobed, apex acute. Inflorescences terminal or axil- old abaxially.
lary, corymbose, (2–)3–4.5 cm, shorter than petiole, several to ● Broad-leaved evergreen forests, near water courses; 2000–2200
more than 20-flowered; rachis and pedicels pubescent, with m. Chongqing (Jinfo Shan), S Sichuan (Leibo Xian).
sparse, needle-like prickles; bracts linear, 7–10 mm, pubescent.
Pedicel 6–12 mm. Flowers ca. 1 cm or more in diam. Calyx 38. Rubus subtibetanus Handel-Mazzetti, Anz. Akad. Wiss.
abaxially densely pubescent; sepals often reflexed after anthe- Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 57: 268. 1920.
sis, lanceolate, (4–)5–8 × 3–4 mm, inner sepals with tomentose 密刺悬钩子 mi ci xuan gou zi
margin, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Petals white or pink,
obovate, suborbicular, or elliptic, 5–6 × 4–5 mm, premorse, Shrubs climbing, 1–2 m tall. Old branches brown or red-
base slightly pubescent and shortly clawed. Stamens many, ca. dish brown, pubescent, with dense unequal needle-like prickles
as long as petals. Styles glabrous; ovary pilose. Aggregate fruit and basally broadened short prickles; branchlets dark green,
purplish black, compressed globose, 6–8 mm in diam., gla- more with dense, needle-like prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, 3–
brous; pyrenes triangularly ovoid-globose, rugose. Fl. Apr– 5-foliolate; petiole 2.5–4.5 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1.5–
May, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 14*. 2.5 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolules and rachis pubes-
cent, with dense, needle-like prickles; stipules linear-lanceolate,
Forests, slopes, montane valleys, river banks, stream sides, near 7–10 mm, pubescent; terminal leaflet broadly ovate to ovate-
water courses, roadsides; 600–3600 m. Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, lanceolate, base truncate to subcordate, margin often pinnately
Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Ja- lobed, apex acuminate, slightly longer than lateral leaflets, lat-
pan, Nepal, Sikkim, Russia (Sakhalin)]. eral leaflets oblique-elliptic or oblique-ovate, 2–5 × 1.5–4 cm,
1a. Leaflets tomentose in fruit, glabrescent, abaxially densely gray to yellowish gray tomentose, adaxially
subglabrous abaxially ....................... 37c. var. glabrescens pubescent, margin irregularly or incised roughly serrate,
1b. Leaflets persistently tomentose abaxially. base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex acute to shortly acumin-
2a. Branchlets, petioles, and pedicel ate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, corymbose, 2–4 cm;
without stalked glands ............... 37a. var. mesogaeus rachis and pedicels pubescent, with dense, needle-like prickles;
2b. Branchlets, petioles, and pedicles bracts linear, 5–7 mm, pubescent. Pedicel 6–10 mm. Flowers
± with stalked glands ................... 37b. var. oxycomus 6–8 mm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely pubescent; sepals
erect at anthesis, reflexed in fruit, narrowly ovate to ovate-lan-
37a. Rubus mesogaeus var. mesogaeus ceolate, 5–7 × 2–3 mm, apex acute to acuminate. Petals white,
with red or purplish red spots, suborbicular or obovate, 5–6
喜阴悬钩子(原变种) xi yin xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong) mm in diam., slightly longer than sepals, base puberulous.
Rubus eous Focke; R. euleucus Focke ex Handel-Mazzetti; Stamens many, somewhat shorter than petals; filaments linear,
R. idaeus Linnaeus var. exsuccus Franchet & Savatier; R. glabrous. Pistils slightly longer than stamens; ovary pubescent;
illudens H. Léveillé; R. kinashii H. Léveillé & Vaniot; R. styles glabrous. Aggregate fruit blue-black at maturity, subglo-
kinashii f. macrophyllus Cardot; R. kinashii f. microphyllus bose, 6–8 mm in diam., puberulous; pyrenes smooth or rugu-
Cardot; R. mesogaeus var. incisus Cardot; R. occidentalis H. lose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jun–Jul.
Léveillé; R. occidentalis var. exsuccus (Franchet & Savatier) ● Slopes, thickets, valleys; below 2300 m. Gansu, Shaanxi, Si-
Makino; R. occidentalis var. japonicus Miyabe; R. rarissimus chuan.
Hayata. 1a. Branchlets, petioles, pedicel, and
Leaflets persistently tomentose abaxially. Branchlets, peti- abaxial surface of calyx without
oles, and pedicels without stalked glands. glandular hairs ................................. 38a. var. subtibetanus
1b. Branchlets, petioles, pedicel, and
Slopes, forest understories in montane valleys, river banks; 600– abaxial surface of calyx with dense,
3600 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xi-
glandular hairs .................................. 38b. var. glandulosus
zang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Japan, Nepal, Sikkim, Russia (Sakhalin)].
38a. Rubus subtibetanus var. subtibetanus
37b. Rubus mesogaeus var. oxycomus Focke, Bot. Jahrb.
Syst. 29: 399. 1900. 密刺悬钩子(原变种) mi ci xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
腺毛喜阴悬钩子 xian mao xi yin xuan gou zi Branchlets, petioles, pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx
Leaflets persistently tomentose abaxially. Branchlets, peti- without glandular hairs.
 ROSACEAE

● Slopes, thickets, valleys; below 2300 m. Gansu, Shaanxi, Si- glands .......................................... 39c. var. pubescens
chuan.
39a. Rubus biflorus var. biflorus
38b. Rubus subtibetanus var. glandulosus T. T. Yu & L. T.
粉枝莓(原变种) fen zhi mei (yuan bian zhong)
Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 300. 1982.
Rubus biflorus var. quinqueflorus Focke; R. biflorus var.
脱毛密刺悬钩子 tuo mao mi ci xuan gou zi spinocalycinus Y. Gu & W. L. Li.
Branchlets, petioles, pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx Petioles, pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx glabrous,
with dense, glandular hairs. often without stalked glands.
● Slopes, thickets, valleys; below 2300 m. Gansu, C Sichuan Valleys, river sides, mixed forests in mountainous regions; 1500–
(Baoxing Xian). 3500 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan,
NE India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim].
39. Rubus biflorus Buchanan-Hamilton ex Smith in Rees,
Cycl. 30: Rubus no. 9. 1819. 39b. Rubus biflorus var. adenophorus Franchet, Pl. Delavay.
207. 1890.
粉枝莓 fen zhi mei
腺毛粉枝莓 xian ma fen zhi mei
Shrubs climbing, 1–3 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown to
Rubus biflorus f. parceglanduliger Focke.
brownish, glabrous, with sparse, robust curved prickles and
glaucous bloom. Leaves imparipinnate, 3-foliolate, rarely 5- Petioles, pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx tomentose,
foliolate; petiole 2–4(–5) cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2.5 with sparse, stalked glands.
cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, glabrous, rarely pilose, sparsely ● Forests, forest margins; below 3000 m. S Xizang, NW Yunnan.
stipitate glandular; stipules narrowly lanceolate, 6–8 mm, pu-
bescent, with few stipitate glands; terminal leaflet blade broadly 39c. Rubus biflorus var. pubescens T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta
ovate or suborbicular, lateral blade of leaflets ovate or elliptic, Phytotax. Sin. 20: 300. 1982.
2.5–5 × 1.5–4(–5) cm, abaxially densely gray or yellowish gray 柔毛粉枝莓 rou mao fen zhi mei
tomentose, with sparse, minute prickles along midvein, adax-
Petioles, pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx densely pu-
ially appressed pubescent, base broadly cuneate to rounded,
bescent, without stalked glands.
margin unevenly coarsely serrate or doubly serrate, often 3-lob-
ed on terminal leaflet, apex acute or acuminate. Inflorescences ● Slopes, roadsides, thickets; below 2500 m. S Sichuan (Yanyuan
terminal, rarely axillary, corymbs, 4–6 cm, often 4–8-flowered, Xian).
or flowers 2 to several in clusters in leaf axils; rachis and ped- 40. Rubus alexeterius Focke, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin-
icels glabrous, with needle-like prickles; bracts linear or nar- burgh 5: 75. 1911.
rowly lanceolate, 4–7 mm, glabrous, rarely pilose. Pedicel (1–)
2–3 cm. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially glabrous; 刺萼悬钩子 ci e xuan gou zi
sepals erect, spreading at anthesis, broadly ovate or orbicular- Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Old branches reddish brown, glabrous,
ovate, 6–8 × 5–7 mm, apex acute, apiculate. Petals white, sub- glaucous and curved prickles 6–8 mm; flower bearing branch-
orbicular, 7–8 mm in diam., longer than sepals. Stamens many, lets short, densely villous, with curved minute prickles. Leaves
shorter than petals; filaments linear, broader at base. Pistils imparipinnate, 3-foliolate, rarely 5-foliolate; petiole 2.5–3.5 cm,
somewhat shorter than stamens; apex of ovary and base of style petiolule of terminal leaflet 0.5–1 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile,
densely gray tomentose. Aggregate fruit enclosed in calyx, yel- petiolules and rachis densely villous, with sparse, curved mi-
low, globose, 1–1.5(–2) cm in diam., glabrous; drupelets apical- nute prickles; stipules linear or subulate, 4–6 mm, villous; ter-
ly with persistently tomentose styles; pyrenes reniform, densely minal leaflet rhombic, rarely ovate, lateral leaflets ovate or
rugulose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. elliptic, 3–4(–5) × 1.5–3 cm, abaxially densely gray tomentose,
Valleys, river sides, slopes, roadsides, thickets, forests, forest adaxially appressed villous, base cuneate to rounded, margin ir-
margins; 1500–3500 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, regularly sharply serrate or incised doubly serrate above mid-
Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim].
dle, sometimes 3-lobed or incised-lobed on terminal leaflet,
1a. Petioles, pedicel, and abaxial surface of apex acute. Inflorescences clusters of 3 or 4 flowers at apex of
calyx glabrous, usually without stalked short lateral branchlets, or flowers solitary in leaf axils. Pedicel
glands ....................................................... 39a. var. biflorus 1–2(–3) cm, villous, with slender prickles. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in
1b. Petioles, pedicel, and abaxial surface of diam. Calyx 1.5–2 cm, abaxially villous, with needle-like prick-
calyx hairy, with or without stalked les; tube pelviform; sepals erect, spreading, ovate-lanceolate or
glands. lanceolate, unequal in length, longer sepals to 1.5 cm, shorter
2a. Petioles, pedicles, and abaxial sepals 6–10 mm, occasionally with sparse, glandular hairs, apex
surface of calyx tomentose, caudate and enlarged, sometimes divided. Petals white, subor-
with sparse, stalked glands ..... 39b. var. adenophorus bicular, shorter than sepals, base very shortly clawed. Stamens
2b. Petioles, pedicel, and abaxial shorter than petals; filaments linear or basally somewhat broad-
surface of calyx densely ened. Pistils many, shorter than stamens; ovary glabrous or to-
pubescent, without stalked
 ROSACEAE

mentose only at apex; styles densely white tomentose basally. base shortly clawed, apex slightly incised or entire. Stamens
Aggregate fruit yellow, globose, 1.2–1.5(–2) cm in diam., gla- many. Pistils somewhat shorter than or nearly as long as sta-
brous, enclosed in calyx; drupelets apically with persistently mens; ovary sericeous, soft hairy. Aggregate fruit initially yel-
tomentose styles; pyrenes reniform, shallowly rugulose. Fl. low, black at maturity, ovoid-globose.
Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul. Forested slopes, thickets, logged lands; 2700–3200 m. SE Xizang,
Montane valleys, stream sides, waste slopes, forested slopes, for- W Yunnan [Bhutan, NW India, Kashmir, Nepal, Sikkim].
est clearings and margins; 2000–3700 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan 42. Rubus inopertus (Focke) Focke, Biblioth. Bot. 17(Heft
[Bhutan, Nepal]. 72): 182. 1911.
1a. Petioles, pedicel, and abaxial surface
红花悬钩子 hong hua xuan gou zi
of calyx without glandular hairs ........ 40a. var. alexeterius
1b. Petioles, pedicel, and abaxial surface Shrubs climbing, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets brownish to pur-
of calyx with prominent glandular plish brown, angled, glabrous, with sparse, curved prickles.
hairs .................................................. 40b. var. acaenocalyx Leaves imparipinnate, 7–11-foliolate, rarely 5-foliolate; petiole
3.5–6 cm, purplish brown, petiolule of terminal leaflet 0.6–
40a. Rubus alexeterius var. alexeterius
2(–3) cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolules and rachis gla-
刺萼悬钩子(原变种) ci e xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong) brous or slightly pubescent, with sparse, curved minute prick-
les; stipules linear-lanceolate, 3–5 mm, glabrous or margin
Petioles, pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx without slightly puberulous, margin entire; blade of leaflets ovate to
glandular hairs. ovate-lanceolate, (2–)3–7 × 1–3 cm, abaxially pubescent along
Montane valleys, stream sides, waste slopes, forest clearings; veins, adaxially pilose, base rounded or subtruncate, margin
2000–3700 m. Sichuan, S Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, Nepal]. coarsely sharp doubly serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences
terminal, corymbs, 2–4 cm, several flowered, or flowers several
40b. Rubus alexeterius var. acaenocalyx (H. Hara) T. T. Yu in clusters; rachis and pedicels glabrous, unarmed; bracts linear-
& L. T. Lu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37: 77. 1985. lanceolate, 3–5 mm, glabrous or slightly puberulous. Pedicel
(0.7–)1–1.5 cm. Flowers 1–1.2 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially
腺毛刺萼悬钩子 xian mao ci e xuan gou zi
glabrous; tube pelviform; sepals erect at anthesis, reflexed in
Rubus acaenocalyx H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 47: 109. 1972. fruit, narrowly ovate or triangular-ovate, 4–7 × 2–4 mm, inner
sepals tomentose at margin, apex acute to acuminate. Petals
Petioles, pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx with promi- pink to purplish red, obovate, 5–7 × 4–6 mm, base puberulent
nent glandular hairs. and shortly clawed. Stamens numerous, slightly shorter than or
Forested slopes, forest margins; 2000–3200 m. Sichuan, Xizang, nearly as long as petals; filaments linear or broadened basally.
Yunnan [Bhutan, C Nepal]. Pistils slightly shorter than or ca. as long as stamens; ovary and
base of style soft hairy. Aggregate fruit purplish black at
41. Rubus pedunculosus D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 234. 1825. maturity, globose, 8–9 mm in diam., thinly pubescent; pyrenes
密毛纤细悬钩子 mi mao xian xi xuan gou zi rugulose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 14*.

Rubus gracilis Roxburgh (1824), not J. Presl & C. Presl Dense forests in mountainous regions, river valleys, rocky slopes;
(1822); R. gracilis Roxburgh var. chiliacanthus Handel-Maz- 800–2800 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tai-
wan, Yunnan [Vietnam].
zetti; R. gracilis Roxburgh var. pluvialis Handel-Mazzetti; R.
hypargyrus Edgeworth; R. hypargyrus var. niveus H. Hara; R. 1a. Abaxial surface of calyx without needle-
niveus Wallich ex G. Don (1832), not Thunberg (1813); R. like prickles ........................................... 42a. var. inopertus
pedunculosus var. hypargyrus (Edgeworth) Kitamura. 1b. Abaxial surface of calyx with needle-
like prickles ....................................... 42b. var. echinocalyx
Shrubs. Branchlets brownish to reddish brown, initially
pubescent, gradually glabrescent, with few prickles or nearly 42a. Rubus inopertus var. inopertus
unarmed. Leaves imparipinnate, 3-foliolate, rarely 5-foliolate;
红花悬钩子(原变种) hong hua xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
petiole 3–5 cm, with rachis pubescent, with sparse, minute
prickles; stipules linear or linear-lanceolate, 5–8 mm, soft hairy; Rubus niveus Thunberg subsp. inopertus Focke, Bot.
blade of leaflets ovate or broadly ovate, rarely ovate-lanceolate, Jahrb. Syst. 29: 400. 1900; R. fraxinifolius Poiret var. yushunii
2.5–6 × 2–5 cm, abaxially densely persistent tomentose, adax- Suzuki & Yamamoto; R. ohwianus Koidzumi; R. ritozanensis
ially pubescent, glabrescent, base subrounded to shallowly cor- Sasaki; R. yamamotoanus H. L. Li; R. yushunii (Suzuki &
date, margin irregularly incised roughly sharply doubly serrate, Yamamoto) Suzuki & Yamamoto.
apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences corymbose, several flo-
Abaxial surface of calyx without needle-like prickles.
wered. Pedicel 1.5–3.5 cm, soft hairy. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in
diam. Calyx to ca. 1.5 cm, abaxially pubescent; tube pelviform; Dense forests in mountainous regions, river valleys, rocky slopes;
sepals erect after anthesis, narrowly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 800–2800 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tai-
1–1.2 cm × 3–6 mm, margin tomentose, apex long acuminate or wan, Yunnan [Vietnam].
caudate. Petals pink, ovate, 7–10 × 4–6 mm, shorter than sepals, 42b. Rubus inopertus var. echinocalyx Cardot, Notul. Syst.
 ROSACEAE

(Paris) 3: 310. 1914. soft hairs and sparse, minute prickles, sometimes with inter-
mixed sparse, stipitate glands. Flowers 3–4 cm in diam. Calyx
刺萼红花悬钩子 ci e hong hua xuan gou zi
green, tinged red, abaxially pubescent, unarmed, rarely with
Abaxial surface of calyx with needle-like prickles. short needle-like prickles or stipitate glands; tube pelviform;
● Yunnan. sepals spreading, broadly ovate, 1–1.5 cm × 5–8 mm, apex acu-
minate or abruptly pointed. Petals white, suborbicular, 1–1.7
43. Rubus wilsonii Duthie, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 36. cm in diam., longer than or nearly as long as sepals, base short-
1912. ly clawed and pubescent. Stamens numerous, slightly shorter
湖北悬钩子 hu bei xuan gou zi than petals; filaments whitish, linear, broadened basally. Pistils
shorter than stamens; ovary pubescent; styles greenish, gla-
Shrubs scandent, 1–2 m tall. Branches brownish purple, brous. Aggregate fruit red, oblong; rarely ellipsoid, (0.8–)1.5–
cylindric, with many curved prickles and glaucous bloom; 2.5 × 1–1.2 cm, sparsely pubescent when young, glabrescent;
branchlets purplish red, prominently angled, glabrous, with pyrenes reniform, somewhat reticulate. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–
sparse, small curved prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, 5-foliolate; Aug.
petiole brownish purple, 5–6 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet
● Foothills, montane valleys, ravines, slopes, forests, forest mar-
2.5–3 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis gla-
gins, thickets, roadsides; 1000–3700 m. Chongqing, Gansu, Henan, Hu-
brous, with sparse, curved minute prickles; stipules lanceolate
bei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan.
or oblong-lanceolate, 8–11 × 2–4 mm, glabrous, apex acumi-
nate; blade of leaflets 4–6 × 2.5–5.5 cm, membranous, abaxially The fruit are edible.
paler, glabrous or somewhat puberulous along veins, or with 1a. Abaxial surface of calyx unarmed, rarely
sparse, curved small prickles along midvein, adaxially green, with sparse, short needle-like prickles or
glabrous, slightly rugulose, margin coarsely doubly serrate; ter- stipitate glands; aggregate fruit oblong,
minal leaflet broadly ovate or suborbicular, base subcordate, rarely ellipsoid, 15–25 mm .................... 44a. var. amabilis
rarely rounded, sometimes 3-lobed above middle, apex acute, 1b. Abaxial surface of calyx ± with needle-
rarely somewhat obtuse, lateral leaflets ovate, base obliquely like prickles, without or with stipitate
rounded to subtruncate, margin not divided, apex acute to short- glands; aggregate fruit not longer
ly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, shortly corymbose, 4- or than 14 mm.
5-flowered, or flowers in clusters of 2 or 3 in leaf axils; rachis 2a. Abaxial surface of calyx with
and pedicels glabrous, with few small curved prickles; bracts sparse, needle-like prickles,
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 6–9 × 2–3 mm, glabrous, apex without stipitate glands;
acuminate. Pedicel 6–12 mm. Flowers 1.2–1.4 cm in diam. Ca- aggregate fruit ovoid-globose
lyx dark brownish purple, glabrous; tube pelviform; sepals erect or ellipsoid, 8–13 mm ............. 44b. var. microcarpus
at anthesis, reflexed in fruit, broadly ovate, 6–8 × 5–7 mm, cau- 2b. Abaxial surface of calyx with
date, inner sepals marginally tomentose. Petals purplish red, dense needle-like prickles,
suborbicular, 8–9 mm in diam., base broadly shortly clawed, with sparse, stipitate glands;
margin erose. Stamens many, slightly shorter than petals. Pistils aggregate fruit narrowly
longer than stamens; style and ovary densely villous. Fruit ovoid, 9–14 mm ................... 44c. var. aculeatissimus
unknown. Fl. May–Jun.
44a. Rubus amabilis var. amabilis
● Mountainous areas. Hubei.
秀丽莓(原变种) xiu li mei (yuan bian zhong)
44. Rubus amabilis Focke, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(Beibl. 82): 53.
1905. Abaxial surface of calyx unarmed, rarely with sparse,
short needle-like prickles or stalked glands. Aggregate fruit
秀丽莓 xiu li mei oblong, rarely ellipsoid, 1.5–2.5 cm.
Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branches purplish brown or dark ● Foothills, ravines, thickets in valleys; 1000–3700 m. Gansu, He-
brown, glabrous, with sparse prickles; flower bearing branchlets nan, Hubei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan.
short, soft hairy, with minute prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, 7– 44b. Rubus amabilis var. microcarpus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
11-foliolate; petiole 1–3 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet ca. 1 Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 301. 1982.
cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis pubescent
when young, gradually glabrescent, glabrous or subglabrous, 小果秀丽莓 xiao gou xiu li mei
with sparse, small prickles; stipule linear-lanceolate, 5–8 mm, Abaxial surface of calyx with sparse, needle-like prickles,
soft hairy; blade of leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1–5.5 × without stipitate glands. Aggregate fruit ovoid-globose or ellip-
0.8–2.5 cm, usually apical ones larger than basal ones, abaxially soid, 0.8–1.3 cm.
soft hairy and with small prickles along veins, adaxially gla-
brous or sparsely appressed-hairy, base subrounded, sometimes ● Montane valleys, slopes, forests, thickets; 2000–3500 m. Gansu,
subcuneate on terminal leaflet, margin incised-doubly serrate, Qinghai.
occasionally 2- or 3-lobed on terminal leaflet, apex acute, often 44c. Rubus amabilis var. aculeatissimus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
acuminate on terminal leaflet. Inflorescences 1-flowered, ter- Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 301. 1982.
minal on lateral branchlets, pendent. Pedicel 2.5–6 cm, with
 ROSACEAE

刺萼秀丽莓 ci e xiu li mei 长萼毛果悬钩子 chang e mao guo xuan gou zi

Abaxial surface of calyx with dense needle-like prickles, Flowers usually solitary. Pedicel to 6 cm. Sepals narrowly
with sparse, stalked glands. Aggregate fruit narrowly ovoid, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, to 1.8 cm, apex long caudate.
0.9–1.4 cm.
● Coniferous forests. NW Sichuan (Dêgê Xian).
● Forest margins, roadsides; 1900–2600 m. Chongqing (Nan-
chuan Xian), N Sichuan (Pingwu Xian). 46. Rubus lutescens Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 206. 1890.

45. Rubus ptilocarpus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. 黄色悬钩子 huang se xuan gou zi
Sin. 20: 301. 1982. Rubus lutescens f. glabrescens Cardot.
毛果悬钩子 mao gou xuan gou zi Subshrubs low, 10–50 cm tall. Stems upright, ± solitary;
Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Old branches purplish brown or brown, flower bearing branchlets arising from rhizome, grayish brown,
glabrous, prickly; flower bearing branchlets brownish, pubes- reddish brown in age, finely pubescent, with sparse, unequal
cent, with intermixed glandular hairs, with sparse, minute prick- long straight or somewhat curved prickles. Leaves imparipin-
les. Leaves imparipinnate, 7–11-foliolate; petiole 2–3(–4) cm, nate, 7–11-foliolate, sometimes 5-foliolate on apical part of
petiolule of terminal leaflet 0.6–2 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, flower bearing branchlet; petiole 2–3 cm, petiolule of terminal
petiolule and rachis pubescent, with intermixed glandular hairs, leaflet 0.7–1.5 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and ra-
with minute prickles; stipules linear or linear-lanceolate, (5–)6– chis with fine soft hairs and minute, curved prickles, occasion-
8 mm, pubescent or with glandular hairs; blade of leaflets ovate, ally with sparse, glandular hairs; stipules variable, stipules in
ovate-lanceolate, or rhombic-ovate, 1.5–4(–6) × 1–3(–4) cm, proximal part of branches larger, ovate-lanceolate, 6–9 mm,
both surfaces soft hairy, base rounded, rarely subcordate, mar- margin entire, rarely lobed, stipules apically of branches nar-
rower, linear, 5–7 mm, not divided, finely soft hairy; blade of
gin deeply incised-doubly serrate, sometimes pinnate-lobed on
leaflets broadly ovate or rhombic-ovate, rarely oblong, 1.5–5 ×
terminal leaflet, apex acute, or shortly acuminate on terminal
1–3(–4) cm, both surfaces soft hairy, abaxially more dense
leaflet. Inflorescences terminal, rarely axillary, 1–3-flowered;
along veins, with sparse, minute prickles along veins, base
bracts linear to linear-lanceolate, shorter than stipules, with soft
rounded, margin unevenly serrate or incised-doubly serrate,
hairs or glandular hairs. Pedicel 1.5–3(–6) cm, with soft hairs
sometimes pinnate-lobed on terminal leaflet, apex acute, rarely
and intermixed glandular hairs, with sparse, minute prickles or
obtuse, or shortly acuminate on terminal leaflet. Inflorescences
unarmed. Flowers to 2 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially pubescent,
terminal or axillary, 1- or 2-flowered, sometimes 3 or 4 flowers
with intermixed glandular hairs; tube broad and short, often un-
terminal on short branchlets; bracts similar to stipules, but
armed; sepals spreading or rarely reflexed, ovate to ovate-lan-
smaller. Pedicel 2–3(–4) cm, thinly pubescent, with sparse, mi-
ceolate or narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, unequal, nute prickles, sometimes with sparse, glandular hairs. Flowers
longer sepals to 1.8 cm, shorter sepals 6–7 mm, apex long acu- 2–3 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially thinly pubescent; tube without
minate or long caudate. Petals oblong, shorter than sepals. Sta- or with sparse, minute prickles; sepals spreading, rarely reflex-
mens many; filaments linear. Ovary with dense grayish yellow ed in fruit, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 0.9–1.2 cm × 3.5–5
or gray slender soft hairs. Aggregate fruit blackish red, subglo- mm, apex acuminate or shortly caudate. Petals white, turning
bose, 1–1.2 cm in diam., densely grayish yellow or gray slender yellowish, obovate or suborbicular, 5–7.5 × 5–6 mm, base
pubescent; pyrenes reniform, slightly rugulose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. shortly clawed. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments
Jul–Aug. linear, broadened basally; anthers yellowish. Pistils numerous,
● Shaded slopes, river valleys, forests, grasslands; 2300–4100 m. slightly shorter than stamens. Ovary densely gray thinly pu-
Qinghai, W Sichuan, NE Yunnan. bescent. Aggregate fruit yellowish red, globose, 1.4–2 cm in
diam., densely thinly pubescent; pyrenes ovoid-globose, shal-
1a. Flowers usually 1–3; pedicel 1.5–3
lowly reticulate. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
cm; sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate,
to 12 mm, apex long acuminate ......... 45a. var. ptilocarpus ● Forest margins on slopes, mixed forests, stony places; 2500–
1b. Flowers often solitary; pedicel to 6 4300 m. Sichuan, E Xizang, Yunnan.
cm; sepals narrowly lanceolate to 47. Rubus taiwanicola Koidzumi & Ohwi, J. Jap. Bot. 12: 657.
linear-lanceolate, to 18 mm, apex 1936.
long caudate ........................................... 45b. var. degensis
小叶悬钩子 xiao ye xuan gou zi
45a. Rubus ptilocarpus var. ptilocarpus
Rubus elegans Hayata (1906), not P. J. Mueller (1858),
毛果悬钩子(原变种) mao guo xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong) nor Utsch (1885), nor Sudre (1898).
Flowers often 1–3. Pedicel 1.5–3 cm. Sepals ovate to Subshrubs ca. 10 cm tall. Stems ascending, brown, glabre-
ovate-lanceolate, to 1.2 cm, apex long acuminate. scent. Leaves imparipinnate, to 10 cm, 9–15-foliolate; petiole
● Shaded slopes, river valleys, forests, grasslands; 2300–4100 m. 1–2 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet shorter, 2–4 mm, lateral
Qinghai, W Sichuan, NE Yunnan. leaflets sessile or subsessile, petiolule and purplish red rachis
glabrous, with curved minute prickles; stipules lanceolate or
45b. Rubus ptilocarpus var. degensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, linear-lanceolate, 6–10 mm, glabrous; blade of leaflets elliptic
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 302. 1982.
 ROSACEAE

to broadly oblong, lateral leaflets sometimes obovate, 0.7–1.5 chuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sikkim, Vietnam].
cm × 5–9 mm, both surfaces glabrous, only sparsely pubescent 49. Rubus coreanus Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi
along midvein abaxially, base cuneate, margin sharply serrate 3: 34. 1867.
above middle, becoming entire toward base, apex acute or ob-
tuse. Inflorescences with flowers solitary or in pairs; bracts line- 插田泡 cha tian pao
ar-lanceolate, 3–5 mm, glabrous. Pedicel 2–4 cm, glabrous, Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown to purplish
with curved minute prickles. Flowers 1–2 cm in diam. Calyx brown, cylindric, robust, glabrous, with ± straight flattened
abaxially glabrous or sparsely soft hairy; sepals erect in fruit, curved prickles and glaucous bloom. Leaves imparipinnate, 5-
ovate or triangular-ovate, 6–8 × 2–4 mm, margin slightly to- foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate; petiole 2–5 cm, petiolule of terminal
mentose, apex shortly caudate. Petals white, broadly ovate to leaflet 1–2 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis
suborbicular, rarely oblong, 7–10 × 5–6 mm, glabrous or pubescent, with sparse, curved minute prickles; stipules linear-
sparsely hairy, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse or rounded. lanceolate, 4–7 mm, soft hairy; blade of leaflets ovate, rhombic
Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments linear or some- ovate, or broadly ovate, (2–)3–8 × 2–5 cm, abaxially pubescent
what broadened and flattened. Pistils numerous, shorter than or only along veins or shortly tomentose, adaxially glabrous or
stamens; style and ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit red, subglo- pubescent only along veins, base cuneate to subrounded, mar-
bose, 7–9(–12) mm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug– gin irregularly coarse serrate to incised coarsely serrate, some-
Sep. 2n = 14*. times 3-lobed on terminal leaflet, apex acute. Inflorescences ter-
● Mountains; 1500–3000 m. C Taiwan. minal on lateral short branchlets, corymbose, 2.5–5 cm, several
to more than 30-flowered; rachis and pedicels gray pubescent,
48. Rubus wallichianus Wight & Arnott in Wight, Catal. 61. with sparse, curved minute prickles; bracts linear, nearly as
1833. long as or slightly shorter than stipules, pubescent. Pedicel 5–10
红毛悬钩子 hong mao xuan gou zi mm. Flowers 7–10 mm in diam. Calyx abaxially gray pubes-
cent; tube shallowly cupular; sepals spreading at anthesis, re-
Rubus ellipticus Smith subsp. fasciculatus (Duthie) Focke; flexed in fruit, narrowly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4–7 × 2–3.5
R. ellipticus var. fasciculatus (Duthie) Masamune; R. erythrola- mm, margin tomentose, apex acuminate to caudate. Petals pink
sius Focke; R. fasciculatus Duthie; R. pinfaensis H. Léveillé & to dark red, obovate, premorse, nearly as long as or somewhat
Vaniot. shorter than sepals. Stamens numerous, shorter than or ca. as
Shrubs climbing, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown, long as petals; filaments pinkish, linear. Pistils slightly shorter
grayish brown in age, robust, angled, pubescent, with sparse, than stamens; ovary sparsely pubescent; styles glabrous. Aggre-
curved prickles, with dense, spreading reddish brown bristles to gate fruit dark red or purplish black, subglobose, 5–8 mm in
7 mm. Leaves imparipinnate, usually 3-foliolate; petiole 2–4.5 diam., glabrous or subglabrous; pyrenes rugose. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr.
cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1.5–3 cm, lateral leaflets sub- Jun–Aug. 2n = 14.
sessile, reddish brown bristly, pubescent, with sparse prickles; Thickets on slopes, montane valleys, ravines, river banks, road-
stipules linear, 0.7–1.4 cm, pubescent, intermixed sparsely se- sides; 100–3100 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hu-
tose; blade of leaflets elliptic or ovate, rarely obovate, 4–9(–12) nan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang
× 3–7(–10) cm, terminal leaflet larger than lateral leaflets, [Japan, Korea].
midvein and veins raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, often 1a. Leaflets sparsely pubescent or
sparsely setose, with minute prickles, abaxially dark green, gla- pubescent only along veins
brous or slightly pubescent along midvein, adaxially slightly abaxially ................................................. 49a. var. coreanus
pale, pilose only along veins, base rounded or broadly cuneate, 1b. Leaflets densely shortly tomentose
margin irregularly sharply serrate, apex acuminate to caudate, abaxially ............................................. 49b. var. tomentosus
rarely nearly acute. Inflorescences clusters of 4–8 flowers in
leaf axils, rarely flowers solitary; bracts linear or linear-lanceo- 49a. Rubus coreanus var. coreanus
late, 6–10 mm, pubescent. Pedicel 4–7 mm, pubescent, inter- 插田泡(原变种) cha tian pao (yuan bian zhong)
mixed setose, with minute prickles. Flowers 1–1.3 cm in diam.
Calyx abaxially densely tomentose; sepals erect in fruit, broadly Rubus coreanus var. kouytchensis (H. Léveillé) H. Lé-
ovate or triangular-ovate, 5–7 × 4–5 mm, apex subacute, veillé; R. coreanus var. nakaianus H. Léveillé; R. pseudo-
abruptly long pointed. Petals white, spatulate to elliptic-obo- saxatilis H. Léveillé; R. pseudosaxatilis var. kouytchensis H.
vate, 6–10 × 4–6 mm, both surfaces tomentose, base clawed, Léveillé; R. nakaianus H. Léveillé ex Nakai; R. quelpaertensis
apex rounded to acute. Stamens many, shorter than petals; fila- H. Léveillé.
ments linear, but somewhat broadened and flattened. Pistils Leaflets sparsely pubescent or pubescent only along veins
slightly shorter than or nearly as long as stamens; apex of ovary abaxially.
and base of style soft hairy. Aggregate fruit golden or reddish
yellow at maturity, globose, 5–8 mm in diam., glabrous; py- Thickets on slopes, montane valleys, river banks, roadsides; 100–
1700 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiang-
renes deeply rugose. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. May–Jun. 2n = 14*.
su, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Ko-
Thickets on slopes, mixed forests, montane valleys, ravines, rea].
stream sides, cliffs; 300–2200 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Si-
49b. Rubus coreanus var. tomentosus Cardot, Notul. Syst.
 ROSACEAE

(Paris) 3: 310. 1914. soft hairy. Pedicel 5–10 mm. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Calyx
abaxially tomentose, intermixed villous; sepals ovate-lanceo-
毛叶插田泡 mao ye cha tian pao
late, 5–7 mm, subulate-caudate. Petals purplish red, narrowly
Leaflets densely shortly tomentose abaxially. obovate, abaxially soft hairy in middle part, base long clawed.
Stamens numerous; filaments complanate. Pistils 20–40; ovary
● Thickets on slopes, montane valleys, ravines; 800–3100 m.
and base of style soft hairy. Fruit unknown. Fl. May–Jun.
Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yun-
nan. ● Thickets on mountain slopes; 400–900 m. W Anhui (Dabie
Shan, Jinzhai Xian).
50. Rubus subcoreanus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax.
Sin. 20: 302. 1982. 52. Rubus stans Focke, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5:
76. 1911.
柱序悬钩子 zhu xu xuan gou zi
直立悬钩子 zhi li xuan gou zi
Shrubs erect, 1–2 m tall, with arching branches. Branchlets
reddish brown, glabrous, without glaucous bloom, with straight Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets brownish to dark brown,
or somewhat curved prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, usually 5- sometimes blackish, pubescent, with intermixed glandular hairs
foliolate; petiole 2–4 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm, and prickles; flower bearing branchlets lateral, 5–8 cm, pubes-
lateral leaflets sessile or subsessile, together with petiolule and cent, with intermixed glandular hairs. Leaves imparipinnate, 3-
rachis thinly pubescent, with sparse, minute prickles; stipules foliolate; petiole 2–3.5 cm, petiolule of lateral leaflet 0.5–
linear-lanceolate, puberulous; blade of leaflets ovate, broadly 1.5(–2) cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, pubescent, with inter-
ovate, or rhombic-ovate, 2–6 × 1.5–4 cm, abaxially glabrous or mixed glandular hairs, with sparse, minute prickles; stipules li-
pilose only along veins, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pu- near, 0.6–1 cm, pubescent, with glandular hairs; blade of leaf-
bescent, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, rarely subrounded, lets broadly ovate to narrowly ovate, rarely suborbicular, 2–4 ×
margin incised coarsely sharply serrate or doubly serrate, some- 1.8–3 cm, terminal leaflet slightly longer than lateral leaflets,
times pinnate-lobed on terminal leaflet, apex acute. Inflores- both surfaces appressed pubescent, more densely so and with
cences terminal on lateral branchlets, racemes, compact, cylin- glandular hairs along veins abaxially, base rounded, usually
dric, short; rachis and pedicels densely grayish yellow villous; subtruncate on terminal leaflet, margin with sparse, glandular
bracts lanceolate, grayish yellow villous. Pedicel 5–10 mm. hairs and irregularly minute sharply serrate, sometimes 3-lobed
Flowers 5–8 mm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely grayish yel- on terminal leaflet, apex obtuse or acute. Inflorescences ter-
low villous; sepals erect, spreading, ovate or broadly ovate, 3–5 minal on lateral branchlets, corymbose, 2–4 cm, 3- or 4-flow-
mm, margin not tomentose, apex obtuse or acute, abruptly ered or more, or flowers solitary in leaf axils; rachis and pedi-
shortly pointed. Petals purplish red, spatulate, rarely obovate, cels with soft hairs, intermixed glandular hairs, and sparse,
ca. 2 × or longer than sepals, base shortly clawed, soft hairy. minute prickles; bracts linear, 4–7 mm, pubescent, with stalked
Stamens many; filaments purplish red, linear, basally slightly glands. Pedicel (1–)1.5–3 cm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Calyx
broadened and flattened. Pistils numerous; ovary densely gray purplish red, abaxially densely pubescent, with stalked glands,
villous; styles glabrous. Aggregate fruit red, subglobose, 6–8 unarmed or with needle-like prickles; tube pelviform; sepals
mm in diam., glabrous or subglabrous. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul– erect, lanceolate, 0.8–1.4 cm × 2.5–5 mm, apex acuminate. Pet-
Aug. als white, tinged purplish, or purplish red, broadly elliptic or ob-
long, 5–6 mm in diam., slightly shorter than sepals, base shortly
● Slopes, thickets along stream sides or ditches, riverbank bluffs; and broadly clawed, margin entire or sometimes erose. Stamens
900–1500 m. Gansu, Henan, Shaanxi. many, shorter than petals; filaments linear, basally broadened
51. Rubus spananthus Z. M. Wu & Z. L. Cheng, Bull. Bot. and flattened. Pistils somewhat shorter than stamens; ovary
Res., Harbin 11(4): 53. 1991. sparsely pubescent, glabrescent; styles glabrous. Aggregate fruit
orange-red, subglobose, 8–11 mm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes
少花悬钩子 shao hua xuan gou zi somewhat reniform, alveolate. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
Shrubs scandent, 1–2 m tall. Branches brownish or reddish ● High montane forests, coniferous forests, forest margins, open
brown, with sparse prickles, villous when young. Leaves stony thickets; 2000–4000 m. Qinghai, Sichuan, E Xizang, Yunnan.
imparipinnate, 3-foliolate; petiole 3–6 cm, petiolule of terminal
The fruit are edible.
leaflet ca. 2 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, sparsely villous, with
minute prickles; stipules persistent, linear, ca. 7 mm, villous; 1a. Branchlets with sparse prickles; abaxial
blade of leaflets narrowly ovate or narrowly ovate-lanceolate, surface of calyx unarmed or with sparse,
4–8 × 2–4.5 cm, terminal leaflet slightly longer than lateral minute needle-like prickles; petals white
leaflets, lateral veins 8–10 pairs, abaxially villous along veins, or tinged purplish ......................................... 52a. var. stans
with sparse, curved prickles along midvein, adaxially sparsely 1b. Branchlets densely prickly; abaxial
appressed villous, base obliquely broadly cuneate or subround- surface of calyx with dense, needle-
ed, or rounded to subcordate on terminal leaflet, margin un- like prickles; petals purplish red ........ 52b. var. soulieanus
evenly coarsely sharply serrate, apex acuminate to long ac-
52a. Rubus stans var. stans
uminate. Inflorescences terminal on lateral short branchlets,
corymbose or short racemes, shorter than petioles, several to 直立悬钩子(原变种) zhi li xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
10-flowered; rachis and pedicels densely villous; bracts linear,
 ROSACEAE

Rubus testaceus C. K. Schneider. and veins abaxially, base rounded to subcordate, margin sharply
or incised doubly serrate, terminal leaflet often pinnately lobed,
Branchlets with sparse prickles. Calyx abaxially unarmed
apex acute to shortly acuminate, but usually acuminate on ter-
or with sparse, minute needle-like prickles. Petals white or ting-
minal leaflet. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, 1-flowered,
ed purplish.
rarely corymbose and 2–4-flowered; rachis and pedicels pubes-
● High montane forests, forest margins, open stony thickets; cent, with minute prickles or with sparse, glandular hairs; bracts
2000–3400 m. Qinghai, Sichuan, E Xizang, Yunnan. linear, 4–6 mm, pubescent. Pedicel 2–3.5 cm. Flowers 1–2 cm
52b. Rubus stans var. soulieanus (Cardot) T. T. Yu & L. T. in diam. Calyx abaxially pubescent, with glandular hairs, with
Lu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37: 86. 1985. needle-like prickles or nearly unarmed; tube semiglobose; se-
pals erect, rarely reflexed, linear to lanceolate or triangular-lan-
多刺直立悬钩子 duo ci zhi li xuan gou zi ceolate, 0.8–1.2(–2) cm × 2–4 mm, apex long acuminate. Petals
white, oblong, obovate, or suborbicular, 7–9 × 5–6 mm, much
Rubus soulieanus Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 307. 1914.
shorter than sepals, glabrous, base clawed. Stamens many, un-
Branchlets densely prickly. Calyx abaxially with dense, equal in length, longer ones longer than petals, shorter ones
needle-like prickles. Petals purplish red. nearly as long as or slightly shorter than petals; filaments some-
what broadened and flattened basally. Pistils numerous; ovary
● Coniferous forests; below 4000 m. W Sichuan, E Xizang.
soft hairy or subglabrous; styles glabrous or sparsely soft hairy
53. Rubus sikkimensis J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 336. basally. Aggregate fruit red, subglobose, 1–1.5 cm in diam.,
1878. pubescent or subglabrous; pyrenes ovoid-globose, 2–3 mm,
conspicuously rugose. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 14.
锡金悬钩子 xi jing xuan gou zi
Forests, forest margins, grassy slopes, river sides, semishaded wet
Shrubs low, to 2 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown, terete, places in montane valleys, thickets, roadsides; 600–3900 m. Fujian,
pubescent, with sparse, intermixed stipitate glandular hairs and Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Jilin, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Si-
straight or somewhat curved slender prickles. Leaves impari- chuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, NW India, Japan,
pinnate, 3-foliolate; petiole 4–8(–10) cm, petiolule of terminal Kashmir, Korea, N Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim; SW Asia].
leaflet 2.5–3.5 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, pubescent, with 1a. Branchlets and abaxial surface of calyx
minute prickles, with sparse, purplish red stipitate glands; stip- with dense, needle-like prickles.
ules linear, 1–1.5 cm, pubescent, sparsely stipitate glandular; 2a. Flower bearing branchlets, petioles,
blade of leaflets ovate to broadly ovate, 4–8 × 2.5–5.5 cm, both pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx
surfaces pubescent along veins, subglabrescent, base broadly usually without stalked glands ....... 54a. var. pungens
cuneate to rounded, subcordate on terminal leaflet, margin ir- 2b. Flower bearing branchlets, petioles,
regularly obtusely dentate, often lobed or deeply divided on ter- pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx
minal leaflet, apex shortly acuminate to acuminate. Inflo- often with conspicuous stalked glands.
rescences with flowers 1 or 2 in leaf axils; bracts linear, to 1.3 3a. Leaflets 5–7, 1–3 cm .............. 54b. var. villosus
cm, pubescent, sparsely stipitate glandular. Pedicel 1–3 cm, 3b. Leaflets often 3, rarely 5,
pubescent, with stalked glands and sparse prickles. Flowers 2–3 2.5–6 cm ................................. 54c. var. ternatus
cm in diam. Calyx purplish red, abaxially pubescent, sparsely 1b. Branchlets and abaxial surface of calyx
stipitate glandular; tube pelviform, with slender prickles; sepals nearly unarmed or ± with needle-like
triangular-lanceolate, 8–11 × 3–5 mm, apex long caudate. Pet- prickles.
als purplish red. Stamens many; filaments linear. Pistils numer- 4a. Flower bearing branchlets, petioles,
ous; ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit subglobose, glabrous. Fl. pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx
summer, fr. Aug–Sep. without or partly with sparse, shortly
stipitate glands; sepals ovate-
Mountainous regions; below 3800 m. S Xizang (Cona Xian) triangular or narrowly ovate-
[Bhutan, Sikkim]. lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm ...................... 54d. var. oldhamii
54. Rubus pungens Cambessèdes in Jacquemont, Voy. Inde 4b. Flower bearing branchlets, petioles,
4(Bot.): 48. 1844. pedicel, and abaxial surface of
calyx with prominent stipitate
针刺悬钩子 zhen ci xuan gou zi
glands; sepals linear or linear-
Shrubs to 3 m tall. Branchlets brownish to reddish brown, lanceolate, to 2 cm ................ 54e. var. linearisepalus
terete, pubescent, gradually glabrescent, glabrous when young,
54a. Rubus pungens var. pungens
usually with needle-like prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, (3–)5–
7(–9)-foliolate; petiole (2–)3–6 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 针刺悬钩子(原变种) zhen ci xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
0.5–1 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis pubes- Rubus pungens var. discolor Prochanov; R. pungens var.
cent or subglabrous, with sparse, minute prickles and with fargesii Cardot.
glandular hairs; stipules linear, 4–7 mm, pubescent; blade of
leaflets ovate, triangular-ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, (1–)2–5(–6) Branchlets and abaxial surface of calyx with dense,
× 1–3 cm, both surfaces pubescent especially along midvein needle-like prickles. Flower bearing branchlets, petioles, pedi-
cel, and abaxial surface of calyx without stalked glands.
 ROSACEAE

Forested slopes, forest margins, river sides; 2200–3300 m. Gansu, terete, villous, with unequal long complanate prickles. Leaves
Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NW India, Japan, imparipinnate, 3-foliolate, rarely simple; petiole 0.8–1(–1.5)
Kashmir, Korea, N Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim; SW Asia]. cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 0.5–1 cm, lateral leaflets su-
54b. Rubus pungens var. villosus Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) bsessile, pubescent, with minute prickles; stipules linear or li-
3: 307. 1914. near-lanceolate, 4–6 mm, soft hairy; blade of leaflets lanceolate,
ovate-lanceolate, or ovate, terminal leaflet much longer than
柔毛针刺悬钩子 rou mao zhen ci xuan gou zi lateral leaflets, 3–5 × 1–2.5 cm, lateral leaflets 1–2 × 0.7–1.4
Branchlets and abaxial surface of calyx with dense, cm, both surfaces glabrous or slightly soft hairy, abaxially with
needle-like prickles. Flower bearing branchlets, petioles, pedi- sparse, minute prickles only along veins, base rounded or
cel, and abaxial surface of calyx with conspicuous stalked broadly cuneate, margin sharply serrate, apex acute, rarely ob-
glands. Leaflets 5–7, 1–3 cm. tuse, often shortly acuminate on terminal leaflet. Inflorescences
terminal on short lateral branchlets, 1–3-flowered; bracts lan-
● Grassy slopes; below 2600 m. Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan. ceolate or linear-lanceolate, somewhat smaller than stipules,
54c. Rubus pungens var. ternatus Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) soft hairy. Pedicel 6–10 mm, villous, sometimes with sparse,
3: 407. 1914. minute prickles. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially vil-
lous; sepals erect, rarely spreading, lanceolate or triangular-lan-
三叶针刺悬钩子 san ye zhen ci xuan gou zi ceolate, 6–8 × 2–3(–4) mm, apex shortly caudate. Petals white,
broadly ovate to oblong, slightly longer than or nearly as long
Branchlets and abaxial surface of calyx with dense,
as sepals, both surfaces soft hairy, base clawed. Stamens many,
needle-like prickles. Flower bearing branchlets, petioles, pedi-
shorter than sepals; filaments broad, complanate. Pistils many,
cel, and abaxial surface of calyx with prominent stalked glands.
slightly shorter than stamens; apical part of ovary and base of
Leaflets 3, rarely 5, 2.5–6 cm.
style sparsely villous. Aggregate fruit orange or red, subglo-
● Mixed forests and forest margins along roadsides; below 3400 bose, glabrous or somewhat soft hairy, enclosed in calyx; py-
m. Sichuan, Yunnan. renes globose, deeply reticulate. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–Aug.
54d. Rubus pungens var. oldhamii (Miquel) Maximowicz, Slopes, roadsides, near water courses, forest margins; 900–3300
Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Péters- m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Kashmir, Nepal, Sik-
bourg 8: 386. 1872. kim].

香莓 xiang mei 1a. Branchlets not angled ......................... 55a. var. macilentus
1b. Branchlets prominently angled ........... 55b. var. angulatus
Rubus oldhamii Miquel, Prolus. Fl. Jap. 34. 1867; R. haya-
tae Nemoto; R. hirsutopungens Hayata; R. okamotoanus Koid- 55a. Rubus macilentus var. macilentus
zumi; R. parvipungens Hayata; R. pungens var. indefensus 细瘦悬钩子(原变种) xi shou xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
Focke; R. rosifolius Smith var. hirsutus Hayata.
Rubus minensis Pax & K. Hoffmann; R. trichopetalus
Branchlets and abaxial surface of calyx nearly unarmed or Handel-Mazzetti.
± with needle-like prickles. Flower bearing branchlets, petioles,
Branchlets not angled.
pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx without or partly with
sparse, shortly stipitate glands. Sepals ovate-triangular or nar- Slopes, roadsides, near water courses, forest margins; 900–3300
rowly ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm. m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Kashmir, Nepal, Sik-
kim].
Semishaded wet places in montane valleys, forested slopes, thick-
ets; 600–3900 m. Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Jilin, 55b. Rubus macilentus var. angulatus Franchet, Pl. Delavay.
Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea]. 205. 1890.

54e. Rubus pungens var. linearisepalus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, 棱枝细瘦悬钩子 leng zhi xi shou xuan gou zi
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 302. 1982. Branchlets prominently angled.
线萼针刺悬钩子 xian e zhen ci xuan gou zi ● Roadsides; below 2000 m. NW Yunnan.

Branchlets and abaxial surface of calyx nearly unarmed or 56. Rubus xanthocarpus Bureau & Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot)
± with needle-like prickles. Flower bearing branchlets, petioles, 5: 46. 1891.
pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx with prominent stipitate 黄果悬钩子 huang guo xuan gou zi
glands. Sepals linear or linear-lanceolate, to 2 cm.
Rubus sitiens Focke; R. tibetanus Focke (1909), not Fran-
● Mixed forests, roadsides; below 3400 m. NW Yunnan (Weixi chet (1886); R. xanthocarpus var. tibetanus (Focke) Cardot.
Xian).
Subshrubs low, 15–50 cm tall. Rhizomes creeping, woody;
55. Rubus macilentus Cambessèdes in Jacquemont, Voy. Inde stems usually upright, yellowish brown, herbaceous, branched
4(Bot.): 49. 1844. or not branched, obtusely angled, densely pubescent when
细瘦悬钩子 xi shou xuan gou zi young, subglabrescent, with sparse, long needle-like prickles.
Leaves imparipinnate, 3-foliolate, sometimes 5-foliolate; peti-
Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets brown or reddish brown,
 ROSACEAE

ole (2–)3–8 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2.5 cm, lateral ● Slopes, roadsides, forests; 1500–2500 m. Gansu, Hubei, Jiang-
leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis pilose, with straight su, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
prickles; stipules lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm, mar-
58. Rubus sumatranus Miquel, Fl. Ned. India, Eerste Bijv.
gin entire or shallowly laciniate; lobes linear to lanceolate, pu- 307. 1860.
bescent; blade of leaflets oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, rarely
ovate-lanceolate, terminal leaflet 5–10 × 1.5–3 cm, base often 红腺悬钩子 hong xiao xuan gou zi
2-lobed, lateral leaflets smaller, 2–5 × 1–2 cm, both surfaces
glabrous or pubescent only along veins, abaxially with slender Rubus asper Wallich ex G. Don var. myriadenus (H.
prickles along veins, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, mar- Léveillé & Vaniot) Focke; R. asper var. myriadenus (H. Lé-
veillé & Vaniot) Focke subvar. grandifoliolatus (H. Léveillé)
gin irregularly serrate, apex acute or obtuse. Inflorescences ter-
minal or axillary, corymbose, 2–3 cm, several flowered, rarely Focke; R. asper var. pekanius Focke; R. dolichocephalus Haya-
flowers solitary; rachis and pedicels pubescent, with sparse, ta; R. indotibetanus Koidzumi; R. myriadenus H. Léveillé &
Vaniot; R. myriadenus var. grandifoliolatus H. Léveillé; R.
needle-like prickles; bracts lanceolate or linear, margin entire or
laciniate, pubescent. Pedicel 1–2.5 cm. Flowers 1–2.5 cm in rosifolius Smith subsp. sumatranus (Miquel) Focke; R. somae
diam. Calyx abaxially with dense needle-like prickles, pubes- Hayata; R. sorbifolius Maximowicz; R. takasagoensis Koid-
zumi.
cent; sepals narrowly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 7–10 × 3–6
mm, apex caudate or subulate-acuminate. Petals white, obovate Shrubs erect or scandent. Branchlets brownish to dark
to spatulate, 1–1.3 cm × 5–7 mm, longer than sepals, puberu- reddish brown, cylindric, with long soft hairs, usually with scat-
lous, base long clawed, margin entire or incised. Stamens many, tered setose purplish red glandular hairs and curved prickles;
shorter than petals; filaments broad, complanate. Pistils shorter glandular hairs and prickles unequal in length, glandular hairs
than stamens; ovary pubescent near apex; styles glabrous. Ag- to 4–5 mm, prickles to 8 mm. Leaves imparipinnate, to 15 cm,
gregate fruit orange-yellow, compressed globose, 1–1.2 cm in 5–7-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate; petiole 3–5 cm, petiolule of
diam., glabrous; pyrenes rugose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug. 2n = terminal leaflet to 1 cm, lateral leaflets shortly petiolulate, peti-
14*. olule and rachis soft hairy, with intermixed glandular hairs,
● Roadsides, slopes, forests, rocky ravines; 600–3200 m. Anhui, with curved minute prickles; stipules lanceolate or linear-lan-
Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan. ceolate, 6–8 mm, with soft hairs and intermixed glandular hairs;
The fruit are eaten fresh and used for making jam, jelly, and wine.
blade of leaflets ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 3–8 × 1.5–3 cm,
Whole, young plants are used in medicine. abaxially villous, with gland-tipped hairs and small prickles
along midvein, adaxially villous especially along midvein, base
57. Rubus simplex Focke, Hooker’s Icon. Pl., ser. 3, 10: t. rounded, margin irregularly sharply serrate to doubly serrate,
1948. 1890. sometimes 3-lobed on terminal leaflet, apex acuminate. Inflo-
单茎悬钩子 dan jing xuan gou zi rescences terminal, corymbose, 4–7 cm, 3- to several flowered,
rarely flowers solitary; rachis and pedicels villous, with inter-
Subshrubs low, 40–60 cm tall. Stems erect, brownish, mixed glandular hairs, with minute prickles; bracts lanceolate
woody, not branched, glabrous, rarely puberulous, with sparse, or linear, 5–7 mm, with soft hairs and intermixed glandular
short curved prickles; flower bearing branchlets arising from hairs. Pedicel 2–3 cm. Flowers 1–2 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially
creeping roots. Leaves imparipinnate, 3-foliolate; petiole 5–10 with soft hairs, with intermixed unequal long gland-tipped
cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet to 1 cm; lateral leaflets sub- hairs; sepals reflexed in fruit, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
sessile or shortly petiolulate, puberulous, with sparse, curved 7–12 × 2–4 mm; apex long caudate. Petals white, narrowly obo-
prickles; stipules lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 6–9 mm, pu- vate or spatulate, slightly shorter than sepals, base clawed. Sta-
berulent, margin entire; blade of leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceo- mens many, shorter than petals. Pistils to 400; style and ovary
late, 6–9.5 × 2.5–5 cm, terminal leaflet slightly longer than glabrous; torus raised, oblong, base shortly stalked. Aggregate
lateral leaflets, abaxially pilose or with sparse, minute prickles fruit orange-red, oblong, 1.2–1.8 cm × 7–11 mm, glabrous; py-
only along veins, adaxially sparsely appressed pubescent, base renes reticulate. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 14.
subrounded, margin irregularly shortly serrate, apex acuminate.
Inflorescences terminal or axillary, 3- or 4-flowered, rarely Forests, forest margins, thickets, bamboo forests, grasslands; 700–
2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei,
flowers solitary; bracts linear to lanceolate, 5–9 mm, puberu-
Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan,
lous. Pedicel 6–12 mm, puberulous, with curved minute prick- Cambodia, N India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myan-
les. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially with sparse, mar, Nepal, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam].
curved minute prickles, finely pubescent; sepals narrowly tri-
angular to ovate, 6–10 × 3–5 mm, margin tomentose, apex 59. Rubus croceacanthus H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Reg-
subulate-acuminate. Petals white, obovate, 4–6 mm in diam., ni Veg. 11: 33. 1912.
nearly as long as sepals, finely pubescent, base shortly clawed. 薄瓣悬钩子 bao ban xuan gou zi
Stamens many, erect, shorter than petals; filaments broad, com-
planate. Pistils slightly shorter than stamens; apex of ovary and Shrubs low, to 1 m tall. Branchlets dark brown to dark red-
base of style pubescent. Aggregate fruit orange-red, globose, 7– dish brown, slender, pubescent, with intermixed dense glandu-
lar hairs, or glabrous, with sparse, straight to curved prickles to
9 mm in diam., often glabrous, with many drupelets; pyrenes
4 mm. Leaves imparipinnate, to 20 cm, papery, usually 5–7-
rugose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 14*.
foliolate, sometimes 3-foliolate on flower bearing branchlets;
 ROSACEAE

petiole 2–4 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 0.8–1.5 cm, lateral 60. Rubus hirsutus Thunberg, Diss. Bot.-Med. de Rubo 7.
leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis densely soft hairy or gla- 1813.
brous, with intermixed glandular hairs and sparse, minute prick-
蓬蘽 peng lei
les; stipules lanceolate, 5–10 mm, pubescent, with intermixed
glandular hairs; blade of leaflets variable in shape, terminal Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown or brown,
leaflet ovate-elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 4–7 × 2–5 cm, apex terete, with soft hairs, stalked glands, and sparse, curved prick-
acute to shortly acuminate, lateral leaflets elliptic or ovate, 2–5 les. Leaves imparipinnate, 3–5-foliolate; petiole (0.5–)2–10 cm,
× 1.5–3 cm, both surfaces with dense spreading soft hairs, gla- petiolule of terminal leaflet to 2 cm, lateral leaflets shortly
brescent, usually with some small prickles along midvein abax- petiolulate, petiolule and rachis pubescent, with stalked glands
ially, base cuneate or rounded to subcordate, apex obtuse or and sparse prickles; stipules lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 6–
acute, lateral leaflets often oblique basally, margin unevenly 10 × 2–3 mm, both surfaces pubescent, margin entire; blade of
serrate to doubly serrate, sometimes with glandular hairs. Inflo- leaflets ovate or broadly ovate, 3–7 × 2–3.5 cm, both surfaces
rescences terminal on short lateral branchlets, corymbose, 1- to sparsely soft hairy, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin
several flowered; pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx with irregularly sharply doubly serrate, apex acute, acuminate, or
glandular hairs, soft hairy or glabrous; bracts lanceolate, 4–8 caudate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, often 1-flowered;
mm, puberulous, with glandular hairs. Pedicel 2–3 cm, with few
bracts lanceolate or linear, 4–7 mm, pubescent. Pedicel (1.5–)
small prickles. Flowers 2–3 cm in diam. Calyx tube pelviform;
3–6 cm, pubescent, with stalked glands, or with few small nee-
sepals triangular-oblong or triangular-lanceolate, 0.7–1.5 cm ×
dle-like prickles. Flowers 3–4 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially with
4–6 mm, inner sepals tomentose at margin, margin entire, rarely
dense soft hairs and stalked glands; sepals reflexed after anthe-
divided, apex long caudate. Petals white, nearly orbicular or
sis, ovate-lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm × 4–5
broadly ovate-elliptic, 0.8–1.4 × 0.7–1.3 cm, abaxially shortly
mm, margin gray tomentose, apex long caudate. Petals white,
hairy. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments linear.
Pistils numerous, shorter than stamens; ovary to 1 mm, with obovate or suborbicular, 1.2–1.8 cm × 7–12 mm, glabrous, base
sparse, soft hairs especially apically, usually with some stalked clawed. Stamens numerous, much shorter than petals. Pistils
glands; styles ca. 1.5 mm. Aggregate fruit red at maturity, sub- shorter than stamens; style and ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit
globose or ovoid, rarely ellipsoid, 1–1.5 cm in diam., with few subglobose, 1–2 cm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Apr, fr. May–Jun.
glandular hairs; pyrenes foveolate. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. May–Jun. 2n = 14.

Forest clearings, forest margins, roadsides, landslides, grasslands, Slopes, roadsides, waste places, thickets, forested slopes; 900–
river banks; sea level to medium elevations. Taiwan [Cambodia, India, 3200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi,
Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam]. Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].

1a. Branchlets, petioles, inflorescences, The young plants and roots are used in medicine.
and abaxial surface of calyx soft 1a. Pedicel (2–)3–6 cm; petiole 2–3 cm,
hairy .............................................. 59a. var. croceacanthus petiolule of terminal leaflet to 1 cm;
1b. Branchlets, petioles, inflorescences, apex of terminal leaflet acuminate,
and abaxial surface of calyx glabrous ...... 59b. var. glaber apex of lateral leaflets acute .................... 60a. var. hirsutus
59a. Rubus croceacanthus var. croceacanthus 1b. Pedicel 1.5–3 cm; petiole 5–10 cm,
petiolule of terminal leaflet to 2 cm;
薄瓣悬钩子(原变种) bao ban xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong) apex of terminal and lateral leaflets
Rubus cardotii Koidzumi; R. euphlebophyllus Hayata; R. acuminate to caudate ................... 60b. var. brevipedicellus
piptopetalus Hayata ex Koidzumi; R. rosifolius Smith var. for-
60a. Rubus hirsutus var. hirsutus
mosanus Cardot; R. sphaerocephalus Hayata.
蓬蘽(原变种) peng lei (yuan bian zhong)
Branchlets, petioles, inflorescences, and abaxial surface of
calyx with soft hairs. 2n = 14*. Rubus argyi H. Léveillé; R. hirsutus var. argyi (H. Lé-
Forest clearings, forest margins, roadsides, landslides, grasslands, veillé) Nakai; R. stephanandria H. Léveillé; R. talaikiaensis H.
river banks; sea level to medium elevations. Taiwan [Cambodia, India, Léveillé; R. thunbergii Siebold & Zuccarini; R. thunbergii var.
Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam]. argyi (H. Léveillé) Focke; R. thunbergii var. talaikiensis (H.
Léveillé) Focke.
59b. Rubus croceacanthus var. glaber Koidzumi, Fl. Symb.
Orient.-Asiat. 65. 1930. Petiole 2–3 cm; petiolule of terminal leaflet to 1 cm; apex
of terminal leaflet acuminate, apex of lateral leaflets acute. Ped-
秃悬钩子 tu xuan gou zi icel (2–)3–6 cm.
Rubus asper Wallich ex D. Don var. glaber (Koidzumi) C. Slopes, roadsides, waste places, thickets; 1500–3200 m. Anhui,
F. Hsieh; R. rubroangustifolius Sasaki. Fujian, Guangdong, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan,
Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
Branchlets, petioles, inflorescences, and abaxial surface of
calyx glabrous. 2n = 14*. 60b. Rubus hirsutus var. brevipedicellus Z. M. Wu, Guihaia
8: 237. 1988.
● E and N Taiwan.
短梗蓬蘽 duan geng peng lei
 ROSACEAE

Petiole 5–10 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet to 2 cm; apex glabrous, with unequal long stalked glands; bracts lanceolate,
of terminal and lateral leaflets acuminate to caudate. Pedicel 6–10 mm, glabrous. Pedicel 2–4 cm. Flowers 3–4 cm in diam.
1.5–3 cm. Calyx abaxially glabrous; tube pelviform, ca. 1 cm in diam.,
with sparse, glandular hairs; sepals erect at anthesis, reflexed in
● Forested slopes; 900–1300 m. SE Anhui (Jixi Xian).
fruit, oblong-lanceolate or narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 0.9–1.5
61. Rubus glandulosocalycinus Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: cm × 4–6 mm, inner sepals with gray tomentose margin, apex
42. 1915. long caudate. Petals white, narrowly obovate or oblong, 0.9–1.4
cm × 6–8 mm, base clawed. Stamens unequally long, shorter
腺萼悬钩子 xian e xuan gou zi
than petals; filaments somewhat broadened and flattened. Pistils
Rubus hayatanus Koidzumi. many, more than 100, shorter than stamens; style and ovary
glabrous. Aggregate fruit red, subglobose, to 1.5 cm in diam.,
Subshrubs to 50 cm tall. Branchlets brownish to reddish glabrous or with glandular hairs. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul. 2n =
brown, slender, pilose, glabrescent, with sparse, sharp prickles, 14*.
with dense, purplish red stalked glands 2–5 mm. Leaves im-
paripinnate, 3–7-foliolate; petiole 2–3 cm, petiolule of terminal ● Slopes, foothills, river banks, forests, forest margins; 800–2500
leaflet 5–10 mm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, N Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan,
Zhejiang.
glabrous or sparsely pilose, with purplish red stalked glands and
sparse prickles; stipules lanceolate or linear, 6–9 mm, margin 1a. Leaves 7–9(–11)-foliolate, abaxially
with glandular hairs, sparsely pilose; blade of leaflets ovate-ob- without gland-tipped hairs along veins;
long or ovate-lanceolate, terminal leaflet 5–6 × 0.8–1.5 cm, ovary and aggregate fruit usually
lateral leaflets 1.5–3 × 0.6–1 cm, abaxially subglabrous, pilose, without glandular hairs .............................. 62a. var. tsangii
with stalked glands and with minute prickles along veins, adax- 1b. Leaves 5–7(–11)-foliolate, abaxially
ially sparsely pilose, base rounded to truncate, lateral leaflets with gland-tipped hairs along veins;
oblique basally, margin incised-doubly serrate, apex acute to ovary and aggregate fruit often
acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, corymbose, 3–5 cm, 1- with glandular hairs ........................ 62b. var. yanshanensis
flowered, rarely 2–5-flowered; rachis and pedicels subglabrous,
62a. Rubus tsangii var. tsangii
with purplish red stalked glands and sparse, small prickles;
bracts linear, 5–7 mm, subglabrous, margin with sparse, stalked 光滑悬钩子(原变种) guang hua xuan gou zi (yuan bian
glands. Pedicel 2–4 cm. Flowers 2–3 cm in diam. Calyx pur- zhong)
plish red, subglabrous, with dense stalked glands and bristles
abaxially; sepals narrowly triangular or triangular-lanceolate, Rubus kwangtungensis H. L. Li; Rubus linearifoliolus Ha-
1.1–1.5 cm × 4–6 mm, inner sepals with tomentose margin, yata; R. rosifolius Smith var. linearifoliolus (Hayata) H. L. Li;
apex long caudate. Petals ovate, 1–1.4 cm × 7–9 mm, glabrous, R. tsangii var. linearifoliolus (Hayata) T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu.
base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens shorter than petals; Leaves 7–9(–11)-foliolate, abaxially without gland-
filaments linear, somewhat broader basally. Pistils numerous, tipped hairs along veins. Ovary and aggregate fruit usually
slightly shorter than stamens; style and ovary often glabrous. without glandular hairs.
Aggregate fruit red, subglobose, 0.9–1.1 cm in diam., glabrous.
● Forests in valleys, slopes, foothills, river banks; 800–2500 m.
Fl. Apr, fr. May–Jun. 2n = 14*. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
● Roadsides, grasslands; medium elevations. C and N Taiwan. 62b. Rubus tsangii var. yanshanensis (Z. X. Yu & W. T. Ji) L.
62. Rubus tsangii Merrill, Lingnan Sci. J. 13: 28. 1934. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 280. 2000.

光滑悬钩子 guang hua xuan gou zi 铅山悬钩子 yan shan xuan gou zi

Shrubs scandent, ca. 1 m tall. Branchlets brownish, dark Rubus yanshanensis Z. X. Yu & W. T. Ji, Acta Bot. Yun-
brown, or reddish brown, terete, slightly angled, glabrous, with nan. 13: 255. 1991.
sparse prickles and stalked glands 1–2 mm. Leaves imparipin- Leaves 5–7(–11)-foliolate, abaxially with gland-tipped
nate, (5–)7–9(–11)-foliolate, sometimes with 5 leaflets on flow- hairs along veins. Ovary and aggregate fruit often with glandu-
er bearing branchlets; petiole 4–7 cm, petiolule of terminal lar hairs.
leaflet to 1 cm, lateral leaflets shortly petiolulate or subsessile,
petiolule and rachis glabrous, with sparse, stalked glands and ● Forests, forest margins, foothills; 1100–1800 m. N Jiangxi
minute prickles; stipules lanceolate, 1–1.4 cm, glabrous or pu- (Nanchang Xian, Yanshan Xian).
berulous, sometimes with sparse, shortly stalked glands; blade 63. Rubus glandulosocarpus M. X. Nie, Bull. Bot. Res., Har-
of leaflets lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 4–7 × 0.8–2 cm, both bin 9(3): 43. 1989.
surfaces slightly pubescent when young, gradually glabrescent,
abaxially with sparse, small prickles along midvein, base 腺果悬钩子 xian guo xuan gou zi
rounded, margin irregularly tenuously sharply serrate to doubly
Subshrubs erect, 20–45 cm tall. Stems cylindric, slightly
serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, corymbose, 4–
angled, not or few branched, unarmed, with sparse, glandular
6 cm, 3–5-flowered, rarely flowers solitary; rachis and pedicels
hairs. Leaves imparipinnate, 5–7-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate;
 ROSACEAE

petiole 3–5 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–1.5 cm, petiolule 1a. Flowers double; branchlets, petioles,
of lateral leaflets ca. 3 mm, petiolule and rachis pilose, gla- and pedicel ± prickly .......................... 64c. var. coronarius
brescent, with glandular hairs, sometimes with small prickles; 1b. Flowers single; branchlets, petioles,
stipules lanceolate, margin with sparse, short glandular hairs, and pedicel ± or unarmed.
entire; blade of leaflets ovate or ovate-oblong, rarely ovate-lan- 2a. Branchlets, petioles, and pedicel
ceolate, 2–6.5 × 1.7–3.5 cm, abaxially glabrous or pilose along ± prickly ....................................... 64a. var. rosifolius
veins, with pale glands, adaxially pilose, base obliquely sub- 2b. Branchlets, petioles, and pedicel
rounded, margin doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate. Inflo- unarmed ........................................... 64b. var. inermis
rescences terminal on lateral branchlets, sometimes corymbose,
2–4-flowered, rarely flowers solitary in leaf axils; rachis and 64a. Rubus rosifolius var. rosifolius
pedicels with glandular hairs; bracts lanceolate, margin entire, 空心泡(原变种) kong xin pao (yuan bian zhong)
or sparsely shortly glandular. Flowers 3–4 cm in diam. Calyx
abaxially glabrous, with gland-tipped hairs; sepals 5(–7), lan- Rubus glandulosopunctatus Hayata; R. hirsutus Thunberg
ceolate or ovate-lanceolate, margin tomentose and entire, apex var. glabellus (Focke) Wuzhi; R. hopingensis Y. C. Liu & F. Y.
long caudate. Petals 5(–7), white, oblong, broadly ovate, or Lu; R. minusculus H. Léveillé & Vaniot; R. parvirosifolius
broadly obovate, glabrous. Stamens many, shorter than petals. Hayata; R. rosifolius var. polyphyllarius Cardot; R. tagallus
Pistils ca. 80–100; ovary glabrous, with sparse, glandular hairs; Chamisso & Schlechtendal; R. taiwanianus Matsumura; R.
torus villous, base with ca. 3 mm stalk. Aggregate fruit subglo- thunbergii Siebold & Zuccarini var. glabellus Focke.
bose, less than 1 cm in diam., with sparse, gland-tipped hairs; Branchlets, petioles, and pedicel ± prickly. Flowers single.
pyrenes foveolate. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul.
Mixed forests, grassy slopes, roadsides, landslides; low to medium
● Mountainous regions; 1600–1700 m. W Jiangxi (Jinggangshan). elevations. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hu-
64. Rubus rosifolius Smith, Pl. Icon. Ined. 3: 60. 1791. nan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia,
NE India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines,
空心泡 kong xin pao Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Australia].

Shrubs erect or climbing, 2–3 m tall. Branchlets grayish 64b. Rubus rosifolius var. inermis Z. X. Yu, Bull. Bot. Res.,
brown or dark reddish brown, terete, soft hairy or subglabrous, Harbin 8(2): 139. 1988.
with straight to curved prickles and yellowish glands. Leaves
无刺空心泡 wu ci kong xin pao
imparipinnate, usually 5–7-foliolate; petiole 2–3 cm, petiolule
of terminal leaflet 0.8–1.5 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, peti- Branchlets, petioles, and pedicel unarmed. Flowers single.
olule and rachis with soft hairs and sparse, minute prickles,
● Roadsides; 900–1000 m. E Jiangxi (Wuyi Shan).
sometimes subglabrous, with yellowish glands; stipules linear
or lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 0.8–1.2 cm × 1.5–3.5 mm, 64c. Rubus rosifolius var. coronarius (Sims) Focke, Biblioth.
sparsely soft hairy; blade of leaflets ovate or ovate-elliptic to Bot. 17(Heft 72): 155. 1911.
lanceolate, 4–7(–10) × 1.5–5 cm, both surfaces pilose, subgla-
brescent, with yellow glands, abaxially with sparse, minute 重瓣空心泡 chong ban kong xin pao
prickles along midvein, base rounded, margin sharply incised Rubus coronarius Sims, Bot. Mag. (Curtis) 43: t. 1783.
doubly serrate or coarsely doubly serrate, apex acuminate. In- 1815; R. rosifolius f. coronarius (Sims) Kuntze; R. rosifolius
florescences terminal or in leaf axils, 1- or 2-flowered; bracts var. wuyishanensis Z. X. Yu.
linear or lanceolate, 5–9 mm, puberulous. Pedicel (1–)2–3.5 cm,
with ± soft hairs and sparse, minute prickles, sometimes gland- Branchlets, petioles, and pedicel ± prickly. Flowers dou-
ular. Flowers 2–3(–5) cm in diam. Calyx abaxially soft hairy ble, fragrant, 3–5 cm in diam.
and glandular; sepals erect before anthesis, reflexed after anthe- Naturalized in Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Yunnan, and likely elsewhere
sis, triangular-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 0.8–1.2(–1.4) cm [native to India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Sikkim].
× 4–6 mm, apex long caudate. Petals white, oblong, narrowly
This variety, originally described from cultivated plants in Eng-
obovate, or suborbicular, 0.8–1.5 × 0.8–1.2 cm, abaxially short-
land, is now occasionally cultivated for ornamental use throughout SE
ly hairy, base clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens many, shorter than Asia (Fl. Bhutan 1(3): 562. 1987).
petals; filaments broad. Pistils to 2 mm, shorter than stamens;
ovary glabrous, sometimes glandular; styles glabrous; torus 65. Rubus pararosifolius F. P. Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. J. 19(1):
shortly stalked. Aggregate fruit red, ovoid-globose or narrowly 30. 1940.
obovoid to oblong, 1–1.5 × 0.8–1.2 cm, glabrous, with few
矮空心泡 ai kong xin pao
glands; pyrenes deeply foveolate. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Jul. 2n
= 14*. Subshrubs low, 0.4–1 m tall. Branchlets brown or reddish
brown, soft hairy when young, gradually glabrescent, glandular,
Mixed forests, grassy slopes, roadsides, landslides; low to medium
elevations. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hu- unarmed or with few small prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, 5-
nan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, foliolate, rarely 7- or 3-foliolate; petiole 1–2.5(–3.5) cm, petio-
India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, lule of terminal leaflet 4–6 mm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petio-
Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Australia]. lule and rachis puberulent, with sparse, minute prickles, glandu-
 ROSACEAE

lar; stipules linear or lanceolate, 5–7 mm, sparsely glandular; tube pelviform; sepals reflexed in fruit, oblong-lanceolate or
blade of leaflets ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 1–3 × 0.7– triangular-lanceolate, 0.9–1.2 cm × 3–5 mm, apex subulate-acu-
1.2 cm, terminal leaflet larger than lateral leaflets, abaxially minate, inner sepals with tomentose margin. Petals white, el-
sparsely pubescent, glandular, adaxially dark green, sparsely liptic or broadly ovate, 1.2–1.5 cm × 8–11 mm, glabrous, base
strigose, especially along midvein, base cuneate to subrounded, shortly clawed, margin entire or undulate, apex obtuse. Stamens
margin coarsely incised-doubly serrate, apex acuminate on ter- many, shorter than petals; filaments linear. Style and ovary gla-
minal leaflet, acute on lateral leaflets. Inflorescences terminal or brous. Aggregate fruit red, subglobose, 0.9–1.1 cm in diam.,
lateral, 1-flowered; bracts lanceolate or linear, 2–4 mm, puberu- glabrous; pyrenes smooth or slightly rugulose. Fl. Apr–May, fr.
lent. Pedicel 2–3 cm, puberulent, sparsely glandular. Flowers Jun–Jul.
1.5–1.8 cm in diam. Calyx pubescent, glandular; tube pelvi- ● Foothills, forests, slopes, thickets, river banks; 500–2300 m.
form; sepals reflexed, narrowly lanceolate, 5–8 × 2–3 mm, mar- Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
gin tomentose, apex acuminate. Flowers unknown. Aggregate
fruit red, globose, small, 5–7 mm in diam., pubescent when 1a. Flower bearing branchlets or pedicel
young, glabrescent, glandular; pyrenes small, shallowly foveo- without gland-tipped hairs ................ 67a. var. eustephanos
late. Fl. spring, fr. Jun–Jul. 1b. Flower bearing branchlets or pedicel
± with gland-tipped hairs .................. 67b. var. glanduliger
● Thickets along roadsides; 1000–1600 m. Fujian.
67a. Rubus eustephanos var. eustephanos
66. Rubus lanyuensis Chang, Forest J. Taiwan Prov. Pingtung.
Inst. Agr. 19: 11. 1977. 大红泡(原变种) da hong pao (yuan bian zhong)
Flower bearing branchlets or pedicel without gland-tipped
兰屿悬钩子 lan yu xuan gou zi
hairs.
Rubus tagallus Chamisso & Schlechtendal var. lanyuensis ● Foothills, densely forested slopes, thickets, river banks; 500–
(Chang) S. S. Ying. 2300 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
Shrubs erect. Branches glabrous, with short prickles. 67b. Rubus eustephanos var. glanduliger T. T. Yu & L. T.
Leaves imparipinnate, usually 3–5-foliolate; petiole 3–4 cm, Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 303. 1982.
sparsely villous, prickly; stipules linear-lanceolate, 0.8–1.2 cm,
sparsely pilose; blade of leaflets ovate, 3–5 × 3–4 cm, veins 腺毛大红泡 xian mao da hong pao
raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, both surfaces glabrous or Flower bearing branchlets or pedicel ± with glandular
nearly so except sparsely villous at base, abaxially glandular, hairs.
base cuneate to rounded, margin doubly serrate, apex acute. In-
● Slopes, forests, thickets; 700–2300 m. Sichuan.
florescences axillary racemes, few flowered. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm,
glabrous. Flowers ca. 2 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially glabrous, 68. Rubus fraxinifoliolus Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 46.
glandular; tube cupular, 1.5–1.8 cm in diam.; sepals narrowly 1915.
triangular, ca. 8 mm, apex shortly caudate. Petals white, orbicu-
梣叶悬钩子 cen ye xuan gou zi
lar-ovate, 6–7 mm. Filaments glabrous. Apex of ovary with few
hairs. Fruit unknown. Rubus parvifraxinifolius Hayata; R. suzukianus Y. C. Liu
● Near sea level. Taiwan (Lan Yu).
& Yang.
Shrubs scandent. Branchlets brownish to reddish brown,
67. Rubus eustephanos Focke, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(Beibl. 82):
flexuous, glabrous, with sparse, recurved prickles 3–4 mm.
54. 1905.
Leaves imparipinnate, 3–5(–7)-foliolate; petiole 3–4 cm, petio-
大红泡 da hong pao lule of terminal leaflet 5–10 mm, petiolule of lateral leaflets 2–3
mm, petiolule and rachis glabrous or nearly so, with sparse, mi-
Shrubs 0.5–2 m tall. Branchlets brownish or grayish nute prickles; stipules linear to linear-lanceolate, 5–10 mm, gla-
brown, angled, glabrous, with sparse, curved prickles. Leaves brous, margin entire; blade of leaflets lanceolate to ovate-lan-
imparipinnate, 3–5(–7)-foliolate; petiole 1.5–2(–4) cm, petio- ceolate, 3–9 × 1.5–3 cm, papery, terminal leaflet usually longer
lule of terminal leaflet 1–1.5 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile or and wider than lateral leaflets, lateral leaflets often ± oblique,
shortly petiolulate, petiolule and rachis glabrous or pilose when lateral veins 8 or 9 per side, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially
young, with sparse, minute prickles; stipules lanceolate, 6–10 × with sparse, minute prickles along midvein, adaxially some-
1.5–2.5 mm, margin pilose initially, glabrescent; blade of leaf- times slightly hirsute along veins, base rounded to subtruncate,
lets ovate or elliptic, rarely ovate-lanceolate, 2–5(–7) × 1–3 cm, margin unevenly serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to acu-
both surfaces pilose when young, abaxially sparsely pilose only minate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, 1- or 2-flowered.
along veins in age, with minute prickles along midvein, base Pedicel (1.5–)2–2.5 cm, glabrous or subglabrous. Flowers 2.3–4
rounded, margin sharply incised doubly serrate, apex acuminate cm in diam. Calyx cupular, ca. 8 mm in diam., glabrous, with
to long acuminate. Inflorescences usually terminal on lateral few brown glands abaxially; sepals narrowly triangular, 1–1.3
branchlets, 1-flowered, rarely 2- or 3-flowered; bracts lanceo- cm × 5–7 mm, margin tomentose, apex caudate. Petals white,
late, 6–8 × 1.5–2 mm, puberulous, glabrescent. Pedicel 2.5–5 obovate, 1.2–1.9 × 1–1.5 cm, base clawed. Stamens many,
cm, glabrous or with gland-tipped hairs, with sparse, small shorter than petals; filaments broadened and flattened. Pistils
prickles. Flowers 3–4 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially glabrous; numerous, slightly shorter than stamens when young; style and
 ROSACEAE

ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit ellipsoid to globose, to 1.5 cm long as or slightly longer than sepals, base puberulous, clawed.
in diam. Fl. Jun–Jan, fr. Jun–Feb. Stamens many, somewhat shorter than petals; filaments broad-
● Along trails in broad-leaved forests, river valleys; 100–1900 m.
ened and flattened. Pistils usually 70–80, sometimes to 100 or
E Taiwan. more; style and ovary glabrous or pilose only at ovary apex and
style base; torus basally subsessile or sessile. Aggregate fruit
69. Rubus delavayi Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 205. 1890. red, subglobose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., glabrous, enclosed in calyx;
三叶悬钩子 san ye xuan gou zi pyrenes foveolate. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul.
Sparse forests, waste places; 1000–2500 m. Fujian, Guangdong,
Rubus duclouxii H. Léveillé.
Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Yunnan [Cambodia, Laos, Thai-
Shrubs erect, low, 0.4–1 m tall. Branchlets brownish or land, Vietnam].
reddish brown, cylindric, glabrous, with short curved prickles. The edible fruit and roots are used medicinally.
Leaves imparipinnate, usually 3-foliolate; petiole 2–3 cm, peti-
olule of terminal leaflet 5–8 mm, lateral leaflets sessile or sub- 71. Rubus zhaogoshanensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phyto-
sessile, glabrous or pilose, with sparse, small prickles; stipules tax. Sin. 20: 303. 1982.
linear, 4–7 mm, puberulous when young, glabrescent; blade of 草果山悬钩子 cao guo shan xuan gou zi
leaflets lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 3–7 × 1–2 cm, both
surfaces glabrous or abaxially with sparse, soft hairs and with Shrubs 0.8–1 m tall. Branchlets brown, glabrous, rarely
minute prickles along midvein, base broadly cuneate to round- angled, with sparse, curved prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, 3–
ed, margin irregularly coarsely serrate, apex acuminate. Inflo- 5-foliolate; petiole 5–8 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet (0.5–)1–
rescences terminal or axillary, 1-flowered, or with flowers in 2 cm, lateral leaflets shortly petiolulate, glabrous or sparsely
clusters of 2 or 3; bracts linear, smaller than stipules, puberu- pilose, with small curved prickles; stipules lanceolate or linear-
lous or glabrescent. Pedicel 1–2 cm, puberulent or subglabrous, lanceolate, 7–10 mm, glabrous or slightly soft hairy; blade of
with sparse, minute prickles. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Calyx leaflets narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 6–9 × 2–3 cm,
abaxially puberulous and with sparse, minute prickles; tube terminal leaflet slightly longer than lateral leaflets, subherba-
short, broad; sepals erect in fruit, triangular-lanceolate, 6– ceous, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate, rarely subrounded,
8(–10) × 2–3 mm, apex long caudate. Petals white, obovate, margin irregularly densely sharply minute serrate to incised-
shorter than sepals, puberulent, base prominently clawed. Sta- doubly serrate, apex acuminate to caudate. Inflorescences ter-
mens many, shorter than petals; filaments short, broad, puberu- minal or axillary, clusters of 2 or 3(–5) flowers, rarely flowers
lent. Pistils shorter than stamens; style and ovary glabrous. Ag- solitary in leaf axils; bracts lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 6–8
gregate fruit orange-red, globose, ca. 1 cm in diam.; pyrenes mm, glabrous or slightly pilose. Pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm, glabrous.
small, rugulose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jun–Jul. Flowers 1.3–1.5 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially glabrous; tube
short, broad; sepals spreading or reflexed in fruit, ovate-lanceo-
● Mixed forested slopes; 2000–3400 m. Yunnan. late, 7–9 × 2–3.5 mm, inner sepals slightly tomentose margin-
The dried fruit, seeds, and leaves are used in traditional Chinese ally, apex long caudate. Petals white, oblong or elliptic, much
medicine. shorter than sepals, base clawed. Stamens many; filaments
linear, basally slightly broader. Pistils shorter than stamens;
70. Rubus leucanthus Hance, Ann. Bot. Syst. 2: 468. 1852.
style and ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit ovoid-globose, 7–10
白花悬钩子 bai hua xuan gou zi mm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes densely rugulose. Fl. Apr–May,
Rubus glaberrimus Champion ex Bentham; R. leucanthus fr. Jun–Jul.
var. paradoxus (S. Moore) F. P. Metcalf; R. leucanthus var. ● Broad-leaved evergreen forests; below 1600 m. SE Yunnan (Xi-
villosulus Cardot; R. paradoxus S. Moore. chou Xian).

Shrubs climbing, 1–3 m tall. Branchlets brown to purplish 72. Rubus columellaris Tutcher, Rep. Bot. Dept. Hong Kong
brown, glabrous, with sparse, curved prickles. Leaves impari- 1914: 31. 1915.
pinnate, 3-foliolate, sometimes simple apically on branchlets or
小柱悬钩子 xiao zhu xuan gou zi
basally in inflorescences; petioles 2–6 cm, petiolule of terminal
leaflet 1.5–2 cm, lateral leaflets shortly petiolulate, glabrous, Shrubs scandent, 1–2.5 m tall. Branchlets brown or red-
with curved minute prickles; stipules subulate, 4–6 mm, gla- dish brown, glabrous or villous, with sparse, curved prickles.
brous; blade of leaflets ovate or ovate-elliptic, 4–8 × 2–4 cm, Leaves imparipinnate, usually 3-foliolate, those below inflores-
terminal leaflet slightly longer than or nearly as long as lateral cences sometimes simple; petiole 2–4 cm, petiolule of terminal
leaflets, leathery, lateral veins 5–8 pairs, raised abaxially, im- leaflet 1–2 cm, lateral leaflets variable, shortly petiolulate or
pressed adaxially, both surfaces glabrous or adaxially slightly subsessile, glabrous or slightly soft hairy when young, with
soft hairy, base rounded, margin sharply coarsely serrate, apex sparse, minute prickles; stipules lanceolate or linear, 6–8 mm,
acuminate to caudate. Inflorescences terminal on lateral short glabrous, rarely puberulous; blade of leaflets elliptic to ovate-
branchlets, corymbose, 3–5 cm, 3–8-flowered, rarely flowers lanceolate, 3–10(–16) × 1.5–5(–6) cm, terminal leaflet much
solitary in leaf axils; rachis and pedicels glabrous; bracts sub- longer than lateral leaflets, subleathery, both surfaces glabrous
ulate, 3–5 mm, glabrous. Pedicel 0.8–1.5 cm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm or adaxially sparsely appressed pubescent, base rounded or sub-
in diam. Calyx abaxially glabrous; sepals erect, ovate, 4–7 × 3– cordate, margin unevenly densely coarsely serrate, apex acumi-
5 mm, apex acute, shortly pointed, inner sepals with tomentose nate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, corymbose, 6–8 cm,
margin. Petals white, narrowly ovate or suborbicular, nearly as 3–7-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary in leaf axils at bases;
 ROSACEAE

rachis and pedicels glabrous, rarely puberulent, with sparse, 3; bracts linear, minute, glabrous. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm, glabrous.
small prickles; bracts linear-lanceolate, 5–7 mm, often glabrous. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially glabrous; sepals
Pedicel 1–2 cm, glabrous or densely villous. Flowers 3–4 cm in erect after anthesis, ovate-lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate,
diam. Calyx abaxially glabrous or villous; sepals reflexed after inner sepals yellowish gray tomentose at margin, apex acu-
anthesis, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 6–10 × 4–6 mm, apex minate or acute. Petals white, broadly obovate, shorter than se-
acute, abruptly subulate-pointed, inner sepals yellowish gray to- pals, adaxially puberulous, base shortly clawed. Stamens nu-
mentose at margin. Petals white, spatulate-oblong or narrowly merous, in many whorls, unequal in length; filaments broader.
obovate, 5–7 mm in diam., much longer than sepals, puberu- Pistils many, shorter than stamens; ovary soft hairy apically;
lous, base clawed. Stamens numerous in several whorls, shorter torus shortly stalked basally. Fl. May–Jun.
than petals, with somewhat broader filaments. Pistils to 300 or
● Mountainous areas, forests, valleys, water courses; below 1200
more, glabrous; torus with stalks to 5 mm. Aggregate fruit
m. N Guangdong, S Guangxi.
orange-red or brown-yellow, subglobose or slightly oblong,
1.5–1.7 cm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes shallowly rugose. Fl. 1a. Blade of leaflets narrowly lanceolate,
Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul. terminal leaflet nearly 4 × as long as
Slopes, valleys, mixed and sparse forests, roadsides, water lateral leaflets, margin remotely
courses; 300–2200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, shallowly minute serrate ................ 73a. var. paucidentatus
Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Vietnam]. 1b. Blade of leaflets oblong-elliptic or
elliptic, terminal leaflet slightly
1a. Branchlets, petioles, pedicel, and
longer than lateral leaflets,
abaxial surface of calyx usually
margin nearly entire ........................ 73b. var. guangxiensis
glabrous ............................................ 72a. var. columellaris
1b. Branchlets, petioles, pedicel, and 73a. Rubus paucidentatus var. paucidentatus
abaxial surface of calyx villous ............... 72b. var. villosus
少齿悬钩子(原变种) shao chi xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
72a. Rubus columellaris var. columellaris
Blade of leaflets narrowly lanceolate, terminal leaflet near-
小柱悬钩子(原变种) xiao zhu xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong) ly 4 × as long as lateral leaflets, margin remotely shallowly mi-
Rubus columellaris var. etropicus (Handel-Mazzetti) F. P. nute serrate.
Metcalf; R. etropicus (Handel-Mazzetti) Thuan; R. leucanthus ● Mountainous areas, dense forests in valleys, water courses; be-
Hance var. etropicus Handel-Mazzetti. low 1200 m. N Guangdong (Ruyuan Xian, Yangshan Xian).

Branchlets, petioles, pedicels, and abaxial surface of calyx 73b. Rubus paucidentatus var. guangxiensis T. T. Yu & L. T.
usually glabrous. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 304. 1982.
Slopes, valleys, mixed forests; 700–2200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, 广西少齿悬钩子 guang xi shao chi xuan gou zi
Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Vietnam].
Blade of leaflets oblong-elliptic to elliptic, terminal leaflet
72b. Rubus columellaris var. villosus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, slightly longer than lateral leaflets, margin nearly entire.
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 304. 1982.
● Montane valleys, dense forests along stream sides; ca. 800 m. S
柔毛小柱悬钩子 rou mao xiao zhu xuan gou zi Guangxi (Shiwan Dashan).
Branchlets, petiole, pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx 74. Rubus impressinervus F. P. Metcalf, Lingnan. Sci. J. 11:
villous. 12. 1932.
● Slopes, montane valleys, roadsides, water courses, sparse for- 陷脉悬钩子 xian mai xuan gou zi
ests; 300–400 m. N Guangdong (Lianshan Xian).
Herbs 0.5–1 m tall. Stems brown or reddish brown, cylin-
73. Rubus paucidentatus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta dric, glabrous, with sparse, small prickles. Leaves simple; stip-
Phytotax. Sin. 20: 304. 1982. ules linear, 8–10 mm, glabrous, margin entire; blade lanceolate
少齿悬钩子 shao chi xuan gou zi or oblong-lanceolate, 10–22 × 2–5 cm, veins 9–12 pairs, raised
abaxially, impressed adaxially, both surfaces glabrous, adaxi-
Subshrubs lianoid. Branchlets dark brown, cylindric, slen- ally with sparse, small prickles along midvein, base rounded,
der, glabrous, with sparse, curved prickles or nearly unarmed. margin sparsely sharply serrate, apex acuminate to caudate.
Leaves imparipinnate, usually 3-foliolate, sometimes simple on Inflorescences terminal or axillary, 1-flowered. Pedicel 1.5–2.5
flower bearing branchlets; petiole 1.5–2.5 cm, petiolule of ter- cm, glabrous, unarmed. Flowers to 1.5 cm in diam. Calyx abax-
minal leaflet ca. 1 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile or shortly petio- ially glabrous; sepals erect after anthesis, ovate or lanceolate, 1–
lulate, glabrous, with sparse, minute prickles; stipules linear, 1.3 cm × 6–9 mm, apex abruptly pointed, inner sepals with
small, glabrous; blade of leaflets narrowly lanceolate or oblong- yellowish gray tomentose margin. Petals white, 1.1–1.4 cm ×
elliptic to elliptic, terminal leaflet 7–14 cm, nearly 4 × as long 6–10 mm. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments broad-
as lateral leaflets, lateral leaflets (1.5–)2–6 × 1–2.5 cm, both ened and flattened. Pistils nearly as long as stamens; ovary
surfaces glabrous, base rounded, margin inconspicuously shal- slightly soft hairy; torus basally with ca. 5 mm stalk; styles
lowly minute serrate or nearly entire, apex acuminate. Inflores- glabrous. Aggregate fruit brownish red, subglobose, ca. 2 cm in
cences often terminal, 1-flowered or flowers in clusters of 2 or diam., glabrous; pyrenes 1–2 mm, deeply foveolate. Fl. Jun–Jul,
 ROSACEAE

fr. Aug–Sep. minute prickles .................. 75d. var. tomentosus

● Montane valleys, dense forests, grasslands, wet waste places; 75a. Rubus lasiostylus var. lasiostylus
1300–1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
绵果悬钩子(原变种) mian guo xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
75. Rubus lasiostylus Focke, Hooker’s Icon. Pl., ser. 3, 10: t.
1951. 1891. Rubus lasiostylus f. glabratus Focke.

绵果悬钩子 mian guo xuan gou zi Leaves 3(–5)-foliolate; stipules and bracts 0.8–1.6 cm × 5–
10 mm. Abaxial surface of calyx and pedicel glabrous.
Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branchlets brown or reddish brown,
glabrous or sparsely pubescent when young, glabrescent, ± with ● Thickets on slopes, forests in valleys; 1000–2500 m. Hubei,
Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
needle-like to curved prickles, sometimes glaucous. Leaves
imparipinnate, 3(–7)-foliolate; petiole 5–10 cm, petiolule of 75b. Rubus lasiostylus var. dizygos Focke in Sargent, Pl.
terminal leaflet 2–3.5 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, glabrous or Wilson. 1: 53. 1911.
sparsely pilose, with sparse, minute prickles; stipules ovate-lan-
五叶绵果悬钩子 wu ye mian guo xuan gou zi
ceolate to ovate, 0.8–1.6 cm × (4–)6–10 mm, brownish, gla-
brous, apex acuminate; blade of leaflets ovate, broadly ovate, or Rubus pileatus Focke var. canotomentosus Focke.
elliptic, 3–10 × 2.5–9 cm, abaxially densely gray tomentose,
Leaves 5(–7)-foliolate; stipules and bracts 8–10 × 4–5
with sparse, minute prickles along veins, adaxially sparsely
mm. Abaxial surface of calyx and pedicel glabrous.
thinly pubescent, base rounded to shallowly cordate, margin un-
evenly coarsely doubly serrate, usually 2- or 3-lobed on termi- ● Thickets in valleys, forest margins, grassy slopes; 2600–3000
nal leaflet, apex acuminate or acute. Inflorescences terminal, m. Hubei, Sichuan.
corymbose, 4–6 cm, several flowered, sometimes axillary and 75c. Rubus lasiostylus var. eglandulosus Focke, Hooker’s
1- or 2-flowered; bracts brownish, ovate-lanceolate to ovate, Icon. Pl., ser. 3, 10: t. 1951. 1891.
0.8–1.6 cm × 5–10 mm, glabrous. Pedicel 2–4 cm, glabrous or
hairy, ± with minute prickles. Flowers 2–3 cm in diam. Calyx 腺梗绵果悬钩子 xian geng mian guo xuan gou zi
purplish red, abaxially glabrous or hairy; sepals erect, rarely re- Pedicel pubescent, glandular, with sparse, minute prickles.
flexed in fruit, broadly ovate, 1.2–1.8 cm × 6–10 mm, inner Abaxial surface of calyx pubescent, with sparse, minute prick-
sepals with margin gray tomentose, apex acuminate. Petals red, les.
suborbicular, 6–9 mm in diam., shorter than sepals, base nar-
rowly clawed, margin erose or coarsely dentate. Stamens some- ● Thickets, roadsides. Hubei.
what shorter than petals. Pistils many; apical part of ovary and 75d. Rubus lasiostylus var. tomentosus Focke, Hooker’s Icon.
basal part of style densely gray or grayish yellow long tomen- Pl., ser. 3, 10: t. 1951. 1891.
tose. Aggregate fruit red, globose, 1.5–2 cm in diam., densely
long tomentose or not and soft hairy, with persistent styles. Fl. 绒毛绵果悬钩子 rong mao mian guo xuan gou zi
May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. Pedicel long tomentose, with sparse, minute prickles.
● Slopes, thickets, forests in valleys, forest margins, roadsides; Abaxial surface of calyx densely long tomentose, unarmed.
1000–3000 m. Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
● Slopes, roadsides. Hubei.
1a. Aggregate fruit soft hairy, not 75e. Rubus lasiostylus var. hubeiensis T. T. Yu et al., J. Ar-
tomentose ............................................ 75e. var. hubeiensis nold Arbor. 64: 58. 1983.
1b. Aggregate fruit densely long tomentose.
2a. Abaxial surface of calyx and 鄂西绵果悬钩子 e xi mian guo xuan gou zi
pedicel glabrous. Aggregate fruit soft hairy, not long tomentose.
3a. Leaves 3(–5)-foliolate; stipules
and bracts 8–16 × 5–10 mm ● Slopes; 2700–2900. W Hubei.
............................................. 75a. var. lasiostylus 76. Rubus wushanensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax.
3b. Leaves 5(–7)-foliolate; stipules Sin. 20: 305. 1982.
and bracts 8–10 × 4–5 mm ...... 75b. var. dizygos
2b. Abaxial surface of calyx and 巫山悬钩子 wu shan xuan gou zi
pedicel hairy. Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branchlets brownish, cylindric, gla-
4a. Abaxial surface of calyx brous, with sparse prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, 5(–7)-folio-
pubescent and with sparse, late; petiole 8–10 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 2–3 cm, lat-
minute prickles; pedicel eral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis glabrous or sparsely
pubescent, glandular, with pubescent, with sparse, small prickles; stipules purplish, subor-
sparse, minute prickles bicular or broadly ovate, 1.2–1.8 × 1.2–1.9 cm, membranous,
......................................... 75c. var. eglandulosus glabrous; blade of leaflets elliptic, oblong, or ovate-lanceolate,
4b. Abaxial surface of calyx 10–12 × 3.5–7 cm, abaxially densely gray tomentose, adaxially
densely long tomentose, glabrous, base rounded, obliquely rounded on lateral leaflets,
unarmed; pedicel long margin irregularly coarsely serrate, apex acuminate. Inflores-
tomentose, with sparse, cences terminal, corymbose, several flowered; bracts broadly
 ROSACEAE

ovate or suborbicular, nearly as large as or slightly larger than 3a. Leaves palmately
stipules, membranous. Pedicel 2–3 cm, glabrous, unarmed. Ca- 3-foliolate ............................. 77b. var. modestus
lyx reddish brown, abaxially glabrous; sepals erect, broadly 3b. Leaves palmately
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, only inner sepals with gray tomen- 5-foliolate ....................... 77c. var. eglandulosus
tose margin, apex shortly acuminate. Petals narrowly obovate,
77a. Rubus pentagonus var. pentagonus
shorter than sepals, base shortly clawed. Stamens many; fila-
ments linear, base slightly broader. Pistils longer than stamens; 掌叶悬钩子(原变种) zhang ye xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
apical part of ovary and basal part of style densely long gray
Rubus tridactylus Focke.
tomentose. Aggregate fruit subglobose, ca. 1.5 cm in diam.,
densely long gray tomentose, with persistent styles. Fl. May– Plants with stalked glands and minute or needle-like prick-
Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. les. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam.
● Mountainous areas; below 2000 m. Chongqing (Wushan Xian). Evergreen forests, mixed forests, thickets; 1300–3600 m. Gui-
zhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NW India, N Myanmar, Ne-
77. Rubus pentagonus Wallich ex Focke, Biblioth. Bot. 17(Heft pal, Sikkim, Vietnam].
72): 145. 1911.
77b. Rubus pentagonus var. modestus (Focke) T. T. Yu & L.
掌叶悬钩子 zhang ye xuan gou zi T. Lu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37. 111. 1985.
Shrubs scrambling, 1.5–3 m tall. Branchlets climbing, 无刺掌叶悬钩子 wu ci zhang ye xuan gou zi
brownish to dark brown, slightly pubescent when young, later Rubus modestus Focke, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen
glabrous, with sparse prickles, often with stalked glands. 14: 296. 1897; R. modicus Focke.
Leaves palmately 3- or 5-foliolate; petiole 2–4 cm, sparsely pu-
bescent, with stalked glands and minute prickles, rarely without Leaves palmately 3-foliolate. Flowers less than 1.5 cm in
stalked glands, leaflets sessile; stipules linear-lanceolate, 7–10 diam. Sepals not more than 2 cm.
mm, puberulous, margin with shortly stalked glands, margin ● Forest margins on slopes, thickets, valleys; 1600–2800 m. Gui-
entire or deeply 2-laciniate; blade of leaflets rhombic-lanceo- zhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
late, 3–8(–11) × 1.5–4 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent, adax-
ially pilose along veins, base cuneate, margin incised coarse- 77c. Rubus pentagonus var. eglandulosus T. T. Yu & L. T.
doubly serrate, apex acuminate to caudate. Inflorescences ter- Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 306. 1982.
minal, corymbose, 2–3 cm, 2- or 3-flowered or with flowers 无腺掌叶悬钩子 wu xian zhang ye xuan gou zi
solitary in leaf axils; bracts linear-lanceolate, 6–9 mm, often
with stalked glands, margin entire or 2- or 3-laciniate. Pedicel Leaves palmately 5-foliolate. Flowers less than 1.5 cm in
1.5–2.5 cm, glabrous, with sparse, gland-tipped hairs and small diam. Sepals not more than 2 cm.
prickles. Flowers to 2 cm in diam. Calyx glabrous, abaxially ● Forests; 2000–2400 m. SE Xizang (Mêdog Xian).
glandular pubescent, with minute prickles; sepals erect, spread-
77d. Rubus pentagonus var. longisepalus T. T. Yu & L. T.
ing, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 0.8–1.2(–3) cm × 5–8 mm,
Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 305. 1982.
margin entire or 3-laciniate, inner sepals with tomentose mar-
gin, apex acuminate or caudate. Petals white, elliptic or oblong, 长萼掌叶悬钩子 chang e zhang ye xuan gou zi
much shorter than sepals, base shortly clawed. Stamens many; Leaves palmately 3-foliolate. Flowers more than 1.5 cm in
filaments broad. Pistils 10–15, slightly shorter than stamens; diam. Sepals 2–3 cm, apex long caudate.
style and ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit red or orange-red,
subglobose, to 2 cm in diam., glabrous, enclosed in calyx; pyre- ● Mixed forests on slopes, roadsides; 1500–2000 m. SE Yunnan
nes reniform, to 4 mm, rugose. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul. (Pingbian Xian, Wenshan Xian).

Forests, forest margins on slopes, thickets, valleys, roadsides; 78. Rubus quinquefoliolatus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta
1300–3600 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NW India, Phytotax. Sin. 20: 306. 1982.
N Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, Vietnam].
五叶悬钩子 wu ye xuan gou zi
1a. Plants with stalked glands and minute
Shrubs scandent, ca. 1.5 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown
or needle-like prickles ....................... 77a. var. pentagonus
to purplish brown when young, grayish brown in age, terete,
1b. Plants usually without stalked glands,
soft hairy, glabrescent, with sparse prickles. Leaves palmately
unarmed, rarely with few stalked
5-foliolate; petiole 2–4 cm; leaflets sessile or subsessile, soft
glands or needle-like prickles.
hairy; stipules linear-lanceolate, 4–6 mm, puberulous, usually
2a. Flowers more than 1.5 cm in
undivided; blade of leaflets elliptic-lanceolate or rhombic-lan-
diam.; sepals 2–3 cm, apically
ceolate, 3–7 × 1–2.4 cm, terminal leaflet slightly longer than
long caudate; leaves palmately
lateral leaflets, both surfaces soft hairy along veins, base cune-
3-foliolate ................................ 77d. var. longisepalus
ate, margin coarsely sharply serrate and doubly serrate, apex
2b. Flowers less than 1.5 cm in diam.;
acuminate to caudate. Inflorescences terminal on lateral branch-
sepals not more than 2 cm,
lets, 1-flowered; bracts linear-lanceolate, 3–5 mm, puberulous,
apically acuminate; leaves
margin entire. Pedicel 2–3.5 cm, glabrous. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in
3- or 5-foliolate.
diam. Calyx abaxially glabrous, unarmed or with sparse, nee-
 ROSACEAE

dle-like prickles; tube broadly pelviform; sepals erect, spread- Pedicel 5–10(–15) mm, soft hairy or glabrous, with stalked
ing, ovate-lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, 8–10 mm, margin glands. Calyx soft hairy, abaxially with stalked glands; tube
entire, rarely apically shallowly 2- or 3-laciniate, inner sepals campanulate; sepals lanceolate, 7–10 × 2–4 mm, apex caudate.
tomentose at margin, apex caudate. Petals white, ovate or ellip- Petals white, ovate-oblong or oblong, 8–10 × 4–7 mm, nearly
tic, much shorter than sepals, puberulous, base slightly clawed. as long as sepals, glabrous, apex obtuse or subacute. Stamens
Stamens many, uniseriate; filaments broad, complanate. Pistils many, shorter than petals; filaments broad, complanate. Pistils
10–15; ovary and base of style yellowish villous. Aggregate shorter than stamens; ovary glabrous, with sparse, glandular
fruit red, semiglobose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., together with persis- hairs. Aggregate fruit red, ovoid-globose, 1(–2) cm in diam.,
tent styles villous, enclosed in calyx; pyrenes to 4 mm, rugose. glabrous or with sparse, stalked glands; pyrenes rugose. Fl.
Fl. Apr–May, fr. May–Jun. Mar–May, fr. May–Jun.
● Slopes, stream side forests, mixed forests on low ridges; 1600– ● Slopes, bases of mountains, river banks, forests; low to medium
2500 m. SW Guizhou (Anlong Xian), SW Yunnan (Shuangjiang Xian). elevations. Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang.

79. Rubus peltatus Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint- 1a. Branchlets, petioles, and pedicel
Pétersbourg, ser. 3, 17: 154. 1872. with soft hairs and stalked glands;
aggregate fruit ca. 1 cm in diam. ..... 80a. var. glabricarpus
盾叶莓 dun ye mei 1b. Branchlets, petioles, and pedicel
Shrubs upright or climbing, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets reddish glabrous, with sparse, stalked glands;
brown or brownish, cylindric, glabrous, with sparse prickles; aggregate fruit 1.5–2 cm in diam. ........ 80b. var. glabratus
prickles broad, flat, glaucous. Leaves simple; petiole 4–8 cm, 80a. Rubus glabricarpus var. glabricarpus
glabrous, with minute prickles; stipules brownish, ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm × 7–10 mm, membranous, glabrous, 光果悬钩子(原变种) guang guo xuan gou zi (yuan bian
margin entire; blade peltate, ovate-orbicular, 7–17 × 6–15 cm, zhong)
both surfaces appressed villous, abaxially with more dense Rubus corchorifolius Linnaeus f. var. neillioides Focke; R.
small prickles along midvein, base cordate, margin palmately neillioides (Focke) Migo.
3–5-lobed; lobes triangular-ovate, terminal lobe slightly longer
than or as long as lateral leaflets, irregularly tenuous-serrate, Branchlets, petioles, and pedicel soft hairy, with stalked
apex acute to shortly acuminate. Inflorescences ca. 5 cm or more glands. Aggregate fruit ca. 1 cm in diam.
in diam., 1-flowered; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 7–12 × ● Slopes, bases of mountains, river banks, mixed forests; low to
4–7 mm, glabrous. Pedicel 2.5–4.5 cm, glabrous. Calyx tube medium elevations. Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang.
pelviform, glabrous; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.4 cm × 6–8 80b. Rubus glabricarpus var. glabratus C. Z. Zheng & Y. Y.
mm, soft hairy, margin usually dentate, or apically laciniate; Fang, J. Hangzhou Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 15(2): 198. 1988.
lobes linear. Petals white, suborbicular, 1.8–2.5 cm in diam.,
longer than sepals. Stamens numerous, unequal in length, much 无毛光果悬钩子 wu mao guang guo xuan gou zi
shorter than petals; filaments subulate or linear. Pistils to 100 or Rubus jiangxiensis Z. X. Yu et al.
slightly more, soft hairy. Aggregate fruit orange-red, terete or
cylindric, 3–4.5 × 1–1.5 cm, densely soft hairy; pyrenes rugose. Branchlets, petioles, and pedicel glabrous, with sparse,
Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul. 2n = 14. stalked glands. Aggregate fruit 1.5–2 cm in diam. or slightly
larger.
Slopes, foothills, forest margins, ravines, moist waste places; 300–
1500 m. Anhui, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan]. ● Forests on slopes; ca. 1100 m. Zhejiang (Suichang Xian).

The edible fruit are used in medicine. 81. Rubus corchorifolius Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 263. 1782.
山莓 shan mei
80. Rubus glabricarpus W. C. Cheng, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci.
Soc. China, Bot. Ser. 10: 147. 1936. Rubus althaeoides Hance; R. arisanensis Hayata; R. ari-
sanensis var. horishaensis Hayata; R. corchorifolius var. glaber
光果悬钩子 guang guo xuan gou zi
Matsumura; R. corchorifolius var. oliveri (Miquel) Focke; R.
Shrubs to 3 m tall. Branchlets brown or reddish brown, corchorifolius f. roseolus Z. X. Yu; R. involucratus Focke; R.
terete, slender, prickly; prickles basally broadened and flatten- kerrifolius H. Léveillé & Vaniot; R. oliveri Miquel; R. otophor-
ed; young shoots brown-yellow to purplish red, with soft hairs us Franchet; R. shinkoensis Hayata; R. suishaensis Hayata; R.
and intermixed glandular hairs or glabrous. Leaves simple; peti- vaniotii H. Léveillé & Vaniot; R. villosus Thunberg.
ole 1–2 cm, slender, with soft hairs and intermixed glandular
hairs or glabrous, with minute prickles; stipules linear, 5–8 mm, Shrubs erect, 1–3 m tall. Branchlets brownish or dark
pilose, with intermixed glandular hairs; blade narrowly ovate to brown to blackish brown, cylindric, prickly, finely hairy, gla-
ovate-lanceolate, 4–7 × 2–4.5 cm, both surfaces soft hairy, brescent. Leaves simple; petiole 1–2 cm, with dense fine, soft
more densely so or with glandular hairs along veins, sparsely hairs when young, with sparse, minute prickles; stipules linear-
pilose in age, base somewhat cordate or subtruncate, margin 3-, lanceolate or linear, 5–7 mm, soft hairy; blade ovate to ovate-
rarely 5-lobed or incised-lobed, irregularly doubly serrate or lanceolate, 5–12 × 2.5–5 cm, abaxially somewhat dark, densely
incised-serrate, with stalked glands, apex acuminate. Inflores- finely pubescent when young, gradually glabrescent, subglabre-
cences terminal or axillary, 1-flowered, ca. 1.5 cm in diam. scent, with sparse, small prickles along midvein, adaxially pale,
 ROSACEAE

finely pubescent along veins, base somewhat cordate, some- cm, pubescent, with minute prickles; stipules linear-lanceolate,
times subtruncate or subrounded, margin undivided or 3-lobed, 6–9 mm, slightly pubescent; blade broadly ovate or triangular-
usually 3-divided on sterile branches, irregularly sharply serrate ovate, 6–8(–10) × 3–5.5(–7) cm, papery, 3–5-veined, abaxially
to doubly serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 1-flowered or pale, pubescent, with small prickles along veins, adaxially
few flowers terminal on short lateral branchlets. Pedicel (0.6–) thinly pubescent especially along veins, finally glabrous, base
1–2 cm, finely pubescent. Flowers 1.5–2(–3) cm in diam. Calyx slightly cordate to truncate, margin incised-serrate to doubly
abaxially densely finely pubescent, unarmed; sepals ovate or serrate, 3-parted near middle or not lobed, central lobe con-
triangular-ovate, 5–8 × 2.5–4 mm, apex acute to shortly acu- tracted and becoming entire toward base, apex acuminate, lat-
minate. Petals white or pinkish, oblong or elliptic, 0.9–1.2 cm × eral leaflets ovate, apex acute. Inflorescences terminal or axil-
6–8 mm, longer than sepals, glabrous, base clawed, apex ob- lary, 1-flowered or flowers in clusters of 2 or 3; bracts linear, 5–
tuse. Stamens much shorter than petals; filaments short, com- 7 mm, slightly pubescent. Pedicel 1–2 cm, pubescent. Flowers
planate. Pistils many, slightly shorter than stamens; ovary pu- 1.8–2.8 cm in diam. Calyx campanulate, abaxially pubescent,
bescent. Aggregate fruit of many drupelets, red, subglobose or with sparse, needle-like prickles; sepals triangular-lanceolate,
ovoid-globose, 1–1.2 cm in diam., densely finely pubescent; 7–12 × 3–5 mm, apex long caudate. Petals white, broadly ovate,
pyrenes rugose. Fl. Feb–Apr, fr. Apr–Jun. 2n = 14. 7–9 × 6–8 mm, glabrous, base clawed. Stamens numerous,
shorter than petals; filaments broad, complanate. Pistils shorter
Sunny slopes, stream sides, montane valleys, thickets, waste than stamens; styles to 4 mm, base long hairy. Aggregate fruit
places; 200–2600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu (except NE), Guizhou, red at maturity, globose, 0.9–1.2 cm in diam., sparsely pu-
Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hu-
bescent, finally glabrous; pyrenes rugulose. Fl. May–Jun, fr.
nan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shandong,
Shanxi, S Shaanxi (Qin Ling), Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Xizang [Ja-
Jul–Aug. 2n = 14*.
pan, Korea, Myanmar, Vietnam]. ● Mountainous regions; 1500–2800 m. Taiwan.
The fresh fruit are used for making jam, drinks, and wine. The 1a. Leaves 3-parted; petioles 1–2 cm ......... 83a. var. taitoensis
fruit, seeds, and roots are used in medicine. The stems and roots are a 1b. Leaves not lobed; petioles 2–4 cm
source of tannin. ........................................................ 83b. var. aculeatiflorus
A form with semidouble or double flowers has been named Rubus
corchorifolius f. semiplenus Z. X. Yu. It occurs in Jiangxi and grows on 83a. Rubus taitoensis var. taitoensis
thickets on slopes of hills at about 50 m in elevation. 台东刺花悬钩子(原变种) tai dong ci hua xuan gou zi (yuan
82. Rubus kwangsiensis H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 26(1): 63. bian zhong)
1945. Rubus aculeatiflorus Hayata var. taitoensis (Hayata) Y. C.
广西悬钩子 guang xi xuan gou zi Liu & Yang, nom. illeg.

Rubus peii R. H. Miao. Leaves deeply 3-lobed; petioles 1–2 cm.

● Mountainous regions; 1500–2500 m. Taiwan.
Shrubs climbing. Branchlets brown to grayish brown,
slightly angled, glabrous, with sparse, curved prickles. Leaves 83b. Rubus taitoensis var. aculeatiflorus (Hayata) H. Ohashi
simple; petiole 1.5–3 cm, glabrous, with sparse, curved prick- & C. F. Hsieh, Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2, 3: 143. 1993.
les; stipules lanceolate, 6–8 mm, glabrous; blade narrowly obo-
刺花悬钩子 ci hua xuan gou zi
vate, 7–12 × 4–6 cm, lateral veins 7 or 8 pairs, abaxially gla-
brous, adaxially glabrous except slightly pubescent along veins, Rubus aculeatiflorus Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 39.
base subcordate, margin unevenly coarsely sharply serrate to 1915; R. mingetsensis Hayata; R. mingetsensis var. taitoensis
doubly serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescence terminal or axil- (Hayata) Y. C. Liu & Yang.
lary, 1-flowered. Pedicel ca. 1 cm, glabrous. Flowers ca. 2 cm Leaves not lobed; petioles 2–4 cm.
in diam. Calyx abaxially glabrous; sepals triangular-lanceolate,
● Mountains; 1500–2800 m. Taiwan.
1–1.5 cm, margin slightly tomentose, apex acuminate to cau-
date. Petals red, obovate, 7–8 × 6–7 mm, glabrous or basally 84. Rubus trianthus Focke, Biblioth. Bot. 17(Heft 72): 140.
puberulous. Stamens shorter than petals; filaments linear. Pistils 1911.
many; soft hairy apically on apex of ovary and basally on style.
Fruit unknown. Fl. Apr–May. 三花悬钩子 san hua xuan gou zi

● Forests at mountain summits. Guangdong, NE Guangxi (Ziyuan Rubus conduplicatus Duthie ex Hayata; R. incisus Thun-
Xian). berg var. conduplicatus (Duthie ex Hayata) Koidzumi; R. in-
cisus var. formosanus (Cardot) Masamune; R. incisus subsp.
83. Rubus taitoensis Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo
koehneanus (Focke) Koidzumi; R. koehneanus Focke; R.
30(1): 96. 1911.
koehneanus var. formosanus Cardot; R. retusipetalus Hayata.
台东刺花悬钩子 tai dong ci hua xuan gou zi
Shrubs scandent, 0.5–2 m tall. Branchlets brown or dark
Shrubs scandent, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets brownish to dark purplish to purplish black, terete, slender, glabrous, with few
reddish brown, cylindric, slightly pubescent, with sparse prick- prickles to 5 mm and glaucous bloom. Leaves simple; petiole
les, glabrous or nearly so in age. Leaves simple; petiole 1–2(–4)
 ROSACEAE

1–3(–4) cm, glabrous, with sparse, minute prickles; stipules lan- 85a. Rubus grayanus var. grayanus
ceolate or linear, 7–9 mm, glabrous; blade ovate-lanceolate to
中南悬钩子(原变种) zhong nan xuan gou zi (yuan bian
oblong-lanceolate, 4–9 × 2–5 cm, papery, both surfaces gla-
zhong)
brous, abaxially usually pale or whitish, base cordate, rarely
subtruncate, margin 3-lobed or not, usually deeply 3-lobed on Leaves often undivided, sometimes 3–5-lobed only on
sterile branchlets, terminal lobe ovate-lanceolate, unevenly in- sterile branchlets.
cised-serrate to doubly serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences
Slopes, sunny areas, montane valleys, thickets, mixed forests
terminal or axillary, flowers in clusters of 3 or in short few along water courses; 500–1100 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hu-
flowered racemes, 3–5 cm; bracts lanceolate or linear, 5–7 mm, nan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang [Japan].
glabrous. Pedicel 1–2.5 cm, glabrous. Flowers 1–1.7 cm in
diam. Calyx cupular, abaxially glabrous; sepals triangular-ovate 85b. Rubus grayanus var. trilobatus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
to lanceolate, 5–8 × 2.5–4 mm, apex acuminate to long caudate. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 307. 1982.
Petals white, oblong or elliptic, rarely obovate, longer than se- 三裂中南悬钩子 san lie zhong nan xuan gou zi
pals, both surfaces glabrous or slightly pubescent becoming
glabrous, base clawed. Stamens many, shorter than petals; fila- Leaves usually 3-lobed; lobes triangular-ovate, terminal
ments broad, complanate. Pistils ca. 10–50, shorter than sta- lobe ca. more than 2 × as long as lateral leaflets.
mens; ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit red at maturity, subglo- ● Slopes; 300–700 m. C and N Fujian (Chong’an Xian, Sha
bose, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes rugose. Fl. Apr–May, Xian), Zhejiang.
fr. May–Jun. 86. Rubus yanyunii Y. T. Chang & L. Y. Chen, Guihaia 15(1):
Mixed forests on slopes, forest margins, grassy slopes, roadsides, 1. 1995.
stream sides, montane valleys; 500–2800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou,
Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang 九仙莓 jiu xian mei
[Vietnam]. Shrubs scrambling or suberect, 1–2(–3) m tall. Branches
Further study is required to determine the identity of Rubus gla- brown or dark brown, glabrous; annotinous branchlets brown-
bricarpus W. C. Cheng var. eglandulosus Y. Gu & W. L. Li (Bull. Bot. ish, glabrous, with sparse, curved prickles. Leaves simple; peti-
Res., Harbin 20: 122. 2000), described from Yunnan, which might be ole 1.5–2.5 cm, glabrous, sometimes with sparse, small stalked
synonymous with R. trianthus. glands; stipule linear or linear-lanceolate, 6–8 mm, glabrous;
blade ovate or oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 6–12(–14) × 3.5–
85. Rubus grayanus Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-
4.5(–6) cm, abaxially pale gray or somewhat purplish red, some-
Pétersbourg, ser. 3, 7: 152. 1872.
times with sparse, slender prickles along midvein, adaxially us-
中南悬钩子 zhong nan xuan gou zi ually green, glabrous except puberulous at base of midvein,
base cordate to deeply cordate, basal incision sometimes narrow
Shrubs 0.5–2 m tall. Branchlets brownish to purplish and deep forming overlapped incised margin, margin serrate,
brown, slightly angled, glabrous, nearly unarmed or with sparse apex acuminate or abruptly with a 1–2 cm point. Inflorescences
prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 2–3 cm, slender, glabrous, with terminal or axillary, 1-flowered; bracts similar to stipules, but
sparse, minute prickles; stipules linear, 5–7 mm, glabrous; smaller. Pedicel 0.8–1.8 cm, glabrous. Calyx abaxially gla-
blade ovate to elliptic, 7–10 × 3–6 cm, both surfaces glabrous, brous; sepals triangular-lanceolate, 6–8 mm, glabrous or with
or with few soft hairs only along veins, abaxially with sparse, sparse, minute stalked glands, apex caudate. Petals spreading,
minute prickles along midvein, base truncate to cordate, margin white, longer than sepals. Stamens many. Pistils numerous,
often undivided, sometimes 3–5-lobed, unevenly coarsely densely gray tomentose. Aggregate fruit pale golden, subglo-
sharply serrate to doubly serrate, apex acuminate to caudate. bose; pyrenes reniform, ca. 1.5 mm, alveolate. Fl. spring, fr.
Inflorescences terminal on short branchlets, 1-flowered. Pedicel spring–summer.
1–2.5 cm, glabrous, occasionally with sparse, glandular hairs.
Flowers to 2 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially glabrous; tube pelvi- ● Thickets at forest margins; 700–1600 m. S Fujian (Dehua Xian,
form; sepals spreading or reflexed in fruit, ovate-triangular, Shanghang Xian).
0.8–1.4 cm × 3–5 mm, margin tomentose, apex caudate. Petals 87. Rubus crataegifolius Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-
red, 0.8–1.4 cm in diam., nearly as long as or slightly longer Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 98. 1835.
than sepals, glabrous, base shortly clawed. Stamens many; fila-
ments and anthers purplish red. Pistils numerous, more than 牛叠肚 niu die du
100, shorter than stamens; ovary purplish red, glabrous; styles
Rubus ampelophyllus H. Léveillé; R. crataegifolius f.
glabrous. Aggregate fruit yellowish red, ovoid-globose, 1–1.2
flavescens Skvortsov; R. davidianus Kuntze; R. ouensanensis
cm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes reniform, small, foveolate. Fl.
H. Léveillé & Vaniot; R. wrightii A. Gray.
Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul. 2n = 14.
Slopes, sunny areas, montane valleys, thickets, mixed forests
Shrubs erect, 1–2(–3) m tall. Branchlets brown or reddish
along water courses; 300–1100 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hu- brown, angular, thinly pubescent when young, gradually glabre-
nan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang [Japan]. scent, with slightly curved prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 2–5
cm, pilose, with minute prickles, stipules linear, 6–8 mm, thinly
1a. Leaves often not divided ....................... 85a. var. grayanus pubescent or subglabrous; blade ovate to narrowly ovate, 5–12
1b. Leaves usually 3-divided ..................... 85b. var. trilobatus × 5–8 cm, palmately 5-veined, abaxially pubescent and with
 ROSACEAE

minute prickles along veins, adaxially subglabrous, base cor- petals 1–1.5(–2) cm .................................. 88a. var. chingii
date or subtruncate, margin palmately 3–5-lobed; lobes ovate or 1b. Leaves palmately 5–7-parted, rarely 6-
narrowly obovate, terminal lobe usually acuminate, lateral leaf- or 8-parted; flowers 3–5 cm in diam.;
lets acute, irregularly incised-serrate. Inflorescences terminal, petals 1.4–2.5 cm .............................. 88b. var. suavissimus
rarely axillary, short racemes or flowers several in cluster, 3–5
88a. Rubus chingii var. chingii
cm; bracts linear, 4–7 mm, slightly pubescent. Pedicel 5–10
mm, pubescent. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially 掌叶覆盆子(原变种) zhang ye fu pen zi (yuan bian zhong)
thinly pubescent, subglabrous in fruit; sepals ovate-triangular or Rubus officinalis Koidzumi; R. palmatus Hemsley (1887),
ovate, 6–9 × 3–5 mm, apex acuminate. Petals white, elliptic or not Thunberg (1784).
oblong, 7–9 × 4–5 mm, base puberulous and long clawed, mar-
gin erose or slightly undulate. Stamens erect, much shorter than Leaves palmately 5-parted, rarely 3- or 7-parted. Flowers
petals; filaments broad, complanate. Pistils numerous, slightly 2.5–4 cm in diam. Petals 1–1.5(–2) cm.
shorter than stamens; style and ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit
yellow to dark red, subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous, lus-
trous; pyrenes rugose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 14*, 21*,
28*.
Sunny thickets on slopes, forest margins, ravines, roadsides; 300–
2500 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol,
Shandong, Shanxi [Japan, Korea, E Russia].

88. Rubus chingii H. H. Hu, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 141. 1925.

掌叶覆盆子 zhang ye fu pen zi
Shrubs lianoid, 1.5–3 m tall. Branchlets green when
young, reddish brown in age, cylindric, slender, glabrous, with
sparse prickles 5–6 mm and glaucous bloom. Leaves simple;
petiole green, 2–4 cm, slightly pubescent or glabrous, with
sparse prickles 5–6 mm; stipules green, linear-lanceolate, 7–10
mm, puberulous or glabrous; blade suborbicular, 5–11(–16) ×
5–13(–18) cm, palmately (3–)5–7-veined, both surfaces pubes-
cent or subglabrous, base cordate, margin usually palmately
(3–)5(–8)-lobed; lobes elliptic to rhombic-lanceolate, terminal
lobe slightly longer than lateral lobes, lobes contracted toward
base, doubly serrate, apex acuminate to caudate. Inflorescences
terminal on short branchlets, 1-flowered. Pedicel 2–3.5(–4) cm,
usually glabrous. Flowers 2.5–4(–5) cm in diam. Calyx some-
what green or purplish red, abaxially densely pubescent; tube
broadly pelviform; sepals narrowly ovate to ovate-oblong, 7–10
× 4–6 mm, apex acute to shortly acuminate, abruptly long
pointed. Petals white, elliptic or ovate-oblong, rarely obovate,
1–1.5(–2.5) × 0.7–1.5 cm, glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex
obtuse. Stamens many in 3 whorls, unequal in length, shorter
than petals; filaments broad, complanate. Pistils numerous,
shorter than longer stamens, nearly as long as shorter ones;
ovary densely gray pubescent. Aggregate fruit red, subglobose,
1.5–2 cm in diam., densely gray pubescent; pyrenes rugose. Fl.
Mar–Apr, fr. May–Jun. 2n = 14.
Slopes, broad-leaved evergreen forests on hills, coniferous forests,
thickets, roadsides; below 500–1000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Jiang-
su, Jiangxi, Zhejiang [Japan].
The specific epithet honors the collector of the type specimen, R.
C. Ching, although it was misspelled “chungii” in the protologue. Hu
later corrected it to “chingii” (J. Arnold. Arbor. 7: 70. 1926).
The very sweet fruit are eaten fresh and are also used for making
jam, jelly, and various drinks, including wine. The fruit, roots, and
leaves are used in medicine.
1a. Leaves palmately 5-parted, rarely 3- or
7-parted; flowers 2.5–4 cm in diam.;
 ROSACEAE

Slopes, shaded thickets, roadsides; low to medium elevations. An- Rubus suavissimus S. Lee, Guihaia 1(4): 17. 1981.
hui, Fujian, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang [Japan].
Leaves palmately 5–7-parted, rarely 6- or 8-parted. Flow-
Further study is required to determine the identity of Rubus sep-
temlobus H. L. Li (J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 62. 1945), described from ers 3–5 cm in diam. Petals 1.4–2.5 cm.
Guangxi, which might be synonymous with R. chingii var. chingii.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests on hills, coniferous forests,
88b. Rubus chingii var. suavissimus (S. Lee) L. T. Lu, Acta thickets; 500–1000 m. EC Guangxi (Guiping Xian, Jinxiu Xian).
Phytotax. Sin. 38: 280. 2000.
The leaves are rich in sugar and are used to make a sweet tea in S
甜茶 tian cha China.

2. Rubus sect. Lampobatus Focke in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(3): 31. 1888.
掌绿莓组 chang lu mei zu
Shrubs evergreen, prickly. Leaves usually ternate, sometimes pedately or palmately quinately compound, rarely simple, lea-
thery; stipules mostly adnate to base of petiole, rarely free and on twig near petiole base. Flowers bisexual, forming large cymose
panicles. Aggregate fruit separating from torus, or adnate to torus and separating from base of torus at maturity, hollow or not.
One species in China.

89. Rubus lucens Focke, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 4: date. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, cymose panicles, ter-
199. 1874. minal ones 15–30 cm, lateral ones shorter; rachis and pedicels
光亮悬钩子 guang liang xuan gou zi thinly pubescent; bracts linear or lanceolate, 4–6 mm, pu-
berulous. Pedicel ca. 1 cm. Calyx abaxially thinly soft hairy;
Shrubs evergreen, scandent, ca. 4 m tall. Branchlets thinly tube pelviform; sepals erect in fruit, oblong, 4–6 × 2–3 mm,
pubescent or subglabrous, becoming glabrescent, with minute margin thinly gray tomentose, apex obtuse, abruptly pointed.
prickles. Leaves ternately-pinnately compound, 3-foliolate; pet- Petals white or pink, obovate, nearly as long as sepals. Stamens
iole 4–10(–15) cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1.5–3 cm, usually 20–40, sometimes to more than 70, shorter than petals;
lateral leaflets shortly petiolulate, thinly pubescent or sub- filaments linear. Pistils 10 to more than 20, shorter than sta-
glabrescent, with sparse prickles; stipules caducous, linear or mens; ovary soft hairy. Aggregate fruit subglobose, less than 1
lanceolate, 5–7 mm, thinly pubescent; blade of leaflets ovate, cm in diam., glabrous or slightly soft hairy, enclosed in calyx;
broadly elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, 8–13 × 4–7 cm, leathery, pyrenes coarsely rugose. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Oct–Dec.
lateral veins 8–10 pairs, adaxially shiny, both surfaces glabrous
or thinly pubescent only along veins, base rounded or broadly Montane valleys, ravines, forests, thickets; 600–3000 m. S Yun-
cuneate, margin sparsely shallowly sharply serrate, apex cau nan [India, Indonesia, Philippines].

3. Rubus sect. Rubus

悬钩子组 xuan gou zi zu
Shrubs deciduous, usually prickly. Leaves ternate, papery, pedately or palmately quinately compound, rarely septernately com-
pound, occasionally simple; stipules persistent, mostly adnate to base of petiole, rarely free and on twig near petiole base, narrow, un-
divided. Flowers bisexual, forming cymose panicles and subracemes, or several in clusters, or solitary. Aggregate fruit adnate to
torus, separating from base of torus, rarely separating from torus at maturity, not or rarely hollow.
One species in China.

90. Rubus caesius Linnaeus, Sp. P1. 1: 493. 1753. apex acute. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, corymbose or
short racemes, several to more than 10-flowered, terminal ones
欧洲木莓 ou zhou mu mei
to 14 cm, with more flowers, axillary ones shorter, few flow-
Shrubs scandent, to 1.5 m tall. Branchlets yellow-green to ered; rachis and pedicels pubescent, with minute prickles, some-
brownish, glabrous or puberulous, glaucous and with unequal times with intermixed shortly stipitate glands; bracts broadly
long prickles. Leaves ternately-pinnately compound; petiole 4– lanceolate, 5–8 × 1–2 mm, pubescent or shortly stipitate gland
7 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2.5 cm, lateral leaflets sub-
sessile, thinly pubescent, with minute prickles, sometimes with
intermixed shortly stipitate glands; stipules lanceolate or ellip-
tic-lanceolate, 6–10 × 2–3 mm, pubescent, margin sparsely
stipitate glandular; blade broadly ovate or rhombic-ovate, 4–7 ×
3–7 cm, both surfaces puberulous, base rounded to truncate,
margin incised, coarsely sharp doubly serrate, often 3-lobed,
 ROSACEAE

ular. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm. Flowers to 2 cm in diam. Calyx abax- Pistils nearly as long as or slightly shorter than stamens; style
ially pubescent, with minute prickles; tube short, pelviform; se- and ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit black, subglobose, ca. 1 cm
pals usually erect, ovate-lanceolate, 6–8 × 3–5 mm, apex acu- in diam., glabrous. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug.
minate. Petals white, broadly elliptic or broadly oblong, nearly Forests in montane valleys, ravines, river banks; 1000–1500 m.
as long as or slightly longer than sepals, glabrous, base shortly Xinjiang [Russia; SW Asia, Europe, North America].
clawed. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments linear.

4. Rubus sect. Malachobatus Focke, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 4: 187. 1874.
木莓组 mu mei zu
Shrubs, rarely subshrubs or herbs, often prickly. Leaves simple, rarely palmately or pedately compound, 3–5-foliolate; stipules
caducous or persistent, free, on twig near base of petiole, broader, rarely narrower, serrate, lobed or dissected, occasionally not divi-
ded. Flowers usually bisexual, rarely unisexual, in cymose panicles, subracemes, or corymbs, rarely flowers several in clusters or
solitary. Aggregate fruit adnate to torus, separating from base of torus at maturity, not hollow.
Ninety-two species (71 endemic) in China.
1a. Terminal inflorescences simple racemes or flowers solitary.
2a. Flowers solitary, rarely in clusters of 2 or 3, terminal or axillary.
3a. Leaves compound, 3-foliolate, both surfaces sparsely soft hairy.
4a. Plants with stalked glands; lateral leaflets suborbicular or ovate; flowers 3–4 cm in diam.; pedicel 3–4 cm;
pistils numerous ................................................................................................................................................... 179. R. wardii
4b. Plants without stalked glands; lateral leaflets ovate or elliptic; flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam.; pedicel ca. 1
cm; pistils not numerous ................................................................................................................................. 180. R. metoensis
3b. Leaves simple, glabrous or adaxially sparsely pubescent and abaxially tomentose.
5a. Leaves leathery, both surfaces glabrous, margin subentire or sparsely serrulate, base rounded to
subtruncate; petioles 0.5–1 cm; aggregate fruit ovoid-globose, densely thinly gray pubescent .............. 181. R. jambosoides
5b. Leaves not leathery, adaxially sparsely pubescent, abaxially tomentose, margin aristate-serrate, base
deeply cordate to subauriculate; petioles 2–2.5 cm; aggregate fruit globose, glabrous at maturity .......... 182. R. lohfauensis
2b. Terminal inflorescences simple racemes; leaves palmately compound, 3–5-foliolate, or simple.
6a. Leaves palmately compound, 3–5-foliolate.
7a. Stipules and bracts palmately parted; leaflets sharply serrate; soft hairs of stamens deciduous in
age ............................................................................................................................................................. 160. R. playfairianus
7b. Stipules and bracts usually entire or only apically serrate; leaflets sparsely minute serrate; soft hairs
of stamens persistent in age ...................................................................................................................... 161. R. bambusarum
6b. Leaves simple.
8a. Leaves deeply divided.
9a. Leaves lobes lanceolate or narrowly oblong, margin sparsely minute sharply serrate; inflorescences and
calyx without glandular hairs, or only abaxial surface of calyx with sparse, glandular hairs; aggregate
fruit black .......................................................................................................................................................... 162. R. henryi
9b. Leaf lobes elliptic or oblong, margin densely coarsely sharply serrate; inflorescences and calyx
with sparse, glandular hairs; aggregate fruit red ............................................................................... 163. R. huangpingensis
8b. Leaves undivided or lobed.
10a. Inflorescences stipitate glandular.
11a. Stipules and bracts palmatipartite nearly to base, late caducous; inflorescences and abaxial surface
of calyx villous, with sparse, glandular hairs, without needle-like prickles ......................................... 170. R. refractus
11b. Stipules and bracts entire or toothed, caducous; inflorescence and calyx with stipitate glands and
needle-like prickles.
12a. Leaves leathery, undivided, abaxially yellowish brown to rust colored tomentose; inflorescences
and calyx with stipitate glands, with intermixed needle-like prickles ................................................... 164. R. dunnii
12b. Leaves not leathery, undivided or lobed, abaxially gray to rust colored tomentose; inflorescences
and calyx with unequal stipitate glands and needle-like prickles.
13a. Abaxial surface of leaves rust colored tomentose.
14a. Leaves lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, base rounded to truncate, rarely shallowly cordate,
not divided; abaxial surface of calyx tomentose; aggregate fruit dark red .................................. 168. R. gressittii
14b. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, base cordate, lobed or undulate; abaxial surface of calyx
tomentose-villous; aggregate fruit black ................................................................................. 169. R. lichuanensis
13b. Abaxial surface of leaves gray to yellowish gray tomentose.
15a. Leaves cordate at base, broadly ovate, lobed; inflorescences and abaxial surface of calyx
with glandular hairs 2–4 mm, with needle-like prickles .......................................................... 167. R. hanceanus
 ROSACEAE

15b. Leaves rounded or truncate to shallowly cordate at base, undivided; inflorescences and
calyx with glandular hairs 1–2 cm, unarmed.
16a. Hairs of leaves of fruiting branchlets deciduous in age; sepals ovate or triangular-ovate ...... 165. R. swinhoei
16b. Hairs of leaves of fruiting branchlets persistent in age; sepals lanceolate or triangular-
lanceolate ............................................................................................................................... 166. R. doyonensis
10b. Inflorescences not stipitate glandular.
17a. Abaxial surface of leaves glabrous, or slightly hairy only along veins; terminal inflorescences
corymbose racemes ............................................................................................................................. 178. R. kawakamii
17b. Abaxial surface of leaves tomentose; terminal inflorescences racemes.
18a. Leaves not leathery, abaxially gray or yellowish gray tomentose, coarsely sharply serrate.
19a. Aggregate fruit red; pedicel 1.5–3.5 cm; outer sepals apically laciniate, inner sepals entire;
leaves basally subtruncate to shallowly cordate; stamens with few hairs only on anthers ....... 175. R. hemithyrsus
19b. Aggregate fruit purplish black; pedicel 0.7–1.5 cm; outer and inner sepals entire; leaves
basally subrounded to subtruncate; stamens villous or glabrous.
20a. Leaves narrowly obovate or broadly ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, base rounded
to subtruncate; stamens glabrous or anthers slightly villous; styles ca. as long as or slightly
longer then stamens ................................................................................................................. 176. R. preptanthus
20b. Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, base subrounded; stamens villous; styles much longer
than stamens ................................................................................................................................ 177. R. malifolius
18b. Leaves leathery, abaxially densely yellowish to rust colored tomentose, minutely shallowly serrate.
21a. Pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx with dense, needle-like prickles; leaves abaxially
yellowish brown tomentose .......................................................................................................... 171. R. fujianensis
21b. Pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx unarmed; leaves abaxially rust colored or yellowish
tomentose.
22a. Aggregate fruit black at maturity; leaves abaxially rust colored tomentellate, lateral veins
5–8 pairs; style villous .............................................................................................................. 174. R. caudifolius
22b. Aggregate fruit red at maturity; leaves abaxially densely yellowish or yellowish brown
tomentose, lateral veins 7–11 pairs; styles glabrous or villous.
23a. Leaves densely yellowish tomentose abaxially, lateral veins 8–11 pairs; petioles 0.8–1.5
cm; styles and ovary glabrous .................................................................................................. 172. R. oblongus
23b. Leaves densely yellowish brown tomentose abaxially, lateral veins 7–9 pairs; petioles
1.5–3 cm; styles and apex of ovary hairy .......................................................................................... 173. R. liui
1b. Terminal inflorescences cymose panicles or subracemes, rarely corymbs, or flowers several or solitary.
24a. Leaves palmately compound, 3–5-foliolate, rarely simple.
25a. Leaflets pinnately veined with (20–)30–50 pairs of lateral veins, abaxially densely sericeous; stipules and
bracts not lobed .................................................................................................................................................... 91. R. lineatus
25b. Leaflets reticulately veined, lateral veins few; abaxially tomentose or pilose; stipules and bracts palmately
divided or not.
26a. Abaxial surface of leaflets tomentose; stipules and bracts 5–10 mm, palmately divided .................. 92. R. cochinchinensis
26b. Abaxial surface of leaflets pilose; stipules and bracts leaflike, 20–35 mm, not divided, serrate ..... 93. R. foliaceistipulatus
24b. Leaves simple.
27a. Stipules and bracts broader, usually 2–5 × 1–2 cm, rarely smaller, divided or serrate.
28a. Leaves abaxially glabrous except soft hairy along veins, lobed; stipules broadly to narrowly ovate,
2–3 cm ............................................................................................................................................................... 159. R. wangii
28b. Leaves abaxially densely tomentose or sericeous-villous, undulate, inconspicuously lobed or lobed;
stipules oblong lanceolate, suborbicular, broadly ovate, to oblong, 1.5–5 cm.
29a. Leaves abaxially densely sericeous-villous, undulate or 3–5-lobed; flowers solitary or in clusters of
2 or 3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 158. R. crassifolius
29b. Leaves abaxially tomentose, with narrow caudate lobes above middle or with broad obtuse or acute
lobes; terminal inflorescences narrow cymose panicles or subracemes.
30a. Stipules oblong-lanceolate, 2–4(–5) cm; leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic, rarely suborbicular, with
irregular narrow caudate lobes above middle; inflorescences and calyx gray tomentose ................... 154. R. yiwuanus
30b. Stipules broadly ovate or oblong, 1.5–3 cm; leaves suborbicular or broadly ovate to narrowly ovate,
with broad obtuse or acute lobes; inflorescences and calyx villous or tomentose.
31a. Leaves broadly ovate to narrowly ovate, abaxially gray tomentose, apically acuminate, margin
inconspicuously lobed; inflorescences and calyx with soft hairs ...................................................... 157. R. pacificus
31b. Leaves suborbicular or broadly ovate, abaxially with gray, yellowish gray, or yellowish brown
hairs, apically acute or obtuse, margin undulate to lobed; inflorescences villous or tomentose.
 ROSACEAE

32a. Stipules broadly ovate or broadly oblong, 1.5–2 cm; leaves 5–7-lobed, lobes acute apically;
inflorescences and calyx villous ..................................................................................................... 155. R. stipulosus
32b. Stipules oblong, 2–3 cm; leaves undulate or inconspicuously lobed, lobes obtuse apically,
rarely acute; inflorescences and calyx tomentose ............................................................................ 156. R. irenaeus
27b. Stipules and bracts narrower, less than 2 × 1 cm, rarely broader, divided and entire.
33a. Leaves abaxially ± soft hairy, rarely glabrous.
34a. Subshrubs, nearly creeping, villous; inflorescences subracemes, several-flowered; leaves cordate at
base ........................................................................................................................................................... 153. R. hypopitys
34b. Shrubs climbing or upright, taller; inflorescences cymose panicles or subracemes, many flowered,
rarely few flowered; leaves rounded, subtruncate, or cordate at base.
35a. Leaves rounded or subtruncate, rarely shallowly cordate at base.
36a. Plants densely yellow glandular; inflorescences minutely soft hairy; abaxial surface of calyx
subglabrous ....................................................................................................................................... 138. R. taronensis
36b. Plant without glands; inflorescences pubescent or glabrous; abaxial surface of calyx pubescent
or glabrous.
37a. Leaves basally truncate to subcordate.
38a. Leaves, inflorescences, and abaxial surface of calyx thinly pubescent; leaves elliptic or
oblong, margin coarsely obtusely dentate ................................................................................. 142. R. yunanicus
38b. Leaves, inflorescences, and abaxial surface of calyx yellowish sericeous-villous; leaves
oblong or ovate-oblong to elliptic, margin minutely sharply serrate ..................................... 143. R. poliophyllus
37b. Leaves basally rounded.
39a. Petioles to 1 cm; inflorescences and abaxial surface of calyx pubescent; carpels 5–10(–17) .... 139. R. pirifolius
39b. Petioles (0.7–)1–2 cm; inflorescences and abaxial surface of calyx glabrous or soft hairy;
carpels more, usually more than 10, to many.
40a. Petioles 1–2 cm; leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate, margin sparsely minute sharply
serrate; inflorescences and abaxial surface of calyx glabrous ............................................. 140. R. acuminatus
40b. Petioles 0.7–1 cm; leaves oblong-lanceolate, margin coarsely sharply serrate;
inflorescences and abaxial surface of calyx soft hairy .................................................... 141. R. brevipetiolatus
35b. Leaves cordate at base.
41a. Terminal inflorescences large lax cymose panicles.
42a. Plants glandular; leaves broadly ovate or narrowly obovate; sepals undivided; petals soft
hairy on both surfaces ................................................................................................................. 144. R. forrestianus
42b. Plants not glandular; leaves narrowly to broadly ovate; sepals undivided or pinnately laciniate;
petals slightly pubescent or glabrous.
43a. Leaves narrowly ovate; pedicel 1–2 cm; sepals ovate or ovate-triangular, outer sepals pinnately
laciniate; petals slightly pubescent ..................................................................................................... 145. R. laxus
43b. Leaves broadly ovate, rarely oblong-ovate; pedicel 0.5–1 cm; sepals ovate-lanceolate or
triangular-lanceolate, undivided; petals glabrous ................................................................. 146. R. lambertianus
41b. Terminal inflorescences narrow cymose panicles or subracemes.
44a. Abaxial surface of calyx with needle-like prickles.
45a. Leaves 6–9 × 5–7 cm; pedicel less than 1 cm; sepals broadly ovate, outer sepals
pinnately divided; aggregate fruit 1–1.2 cm in diam. .......................................................... 147. R. calycacanthus
45b. Leaves 10–17 × 15–20 cm; pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm; sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
outer sepals apically 2- or 3-laciniate; aggregate fruit 1.4–1.8 cm in diam. ...................... 148. R. gongshanensis
44b. Abaxial surface of calyx without needle-like prickles.
46a. Plants usually without stalked glands, villous; leaves oblong to ovate-oblong; stipules 6–9 mm,
deeply divided .................................................................................................................................... 152. R. howii
46b. Plants usually with stalked glands, soft hairy or glabrous; leaves lanceolate to ovate or broadly
oblong.
47a. Plants with stalked glands, soft hairs, and bristles; leaves narrowly ovate or broadly
oblong; petiole 2–3 cm; stipules deeply pinnate-laciniate .................................................. 149. R. menglaensis
47b. Plants soft hairy or glabrous, with sparse, stalked glands; leaves lanceolate, ovate-
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate; petiole 1–4 cm; stipules subulate or linear-lanceolate
to oblong-lanceolate, margin entire and palmatifid.
48a. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, base deeply cordate, basal incision broad; stipules subulate
or linear-lanceolate, margin entire ..................................................................................... 150. R. ichangensis
48b. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, base cordate-auriculate, basal incision
narrow; stipules oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, palmatifid ........................... 151. R. latoauriculatus
 ROSACEAE

33b. Leaves abaxially densely tomentose.

49a. Leaves narrow, ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, not divided, rarely lobed basally,
pinnately veined; petioles 0.5–2(–4) cm.
50a. Leaves basally rounded to shallowly cordate; petioles 0.5–1.5 cm; plants with or without stalked glands.
51a. Plants without stalked glands; petioles 1–1.5 cm; leaves oblong-lanceolate, abaxially densely
yellow or grayish yellow tomentose ................................................................................................. 96. R. xichouensis
51b. Plants wholly or partly with stalked glands; petioles 0.5–0.8 cm; leaves lanceolate or oblong,
abaxially densely gray tomentose.
52a. Stipules and bracts palmately divided above middle; leaves subleathery, lanceolate; branchlets,
petioles, and inflorescences glabrous, stalked glands not present; abaxial surface of calyx
tomentose, with stalked glands ................................................................................................. 94. R. dolichophyllus
52b. Stipules and bracts deeply divided to below middle or to base; leaves papery, lanceolate or
oblong; branchlets, petioles, inflorescences, and abaxial surface of calyx yellowish villous,
with sparse, glandular hairs ......................................................................................................... 95. R. raopingensis
50b. Leaves basally deeply cordate; petioles 0.5–3.5 cm; plants with stalked glands.
53a. Stipules and bracts linear or lanceolate, entire; terminal inflorescences narrow cymose
panicles or short subracemes; petioles 1–1.5 cm ................................................................... 99. R. angustibracteatus
53b. Stipules and bracts palmate-laciniate; terminal inflorescences broad cymose panicles;
petioles 0.5–3.5 cm.
54a. Adaxial surface of leaves appressed villous, basal incision shallow, broad, 2 basal short lobes
not touching; petioles often 0.5–1 cm, rarely longer; sepals 0.5–1 cm, shortly acuminate ................ 97. R. parkeri
54b. Adaxial surface of leaves hairy only along veins, basal incision narrow, to 2 cm deep, 2 basal
long lobes touching; petioles 2–3.5 cm; sepals 1–1.5 cm, apex subulate or long caudate .......... 98. R. panduratus
49b. Leaves broad, suborbicular, broadly ovate, or elliptic to oblong, not divided or lobed, palmately
5-veined from base; petioles more than 2 cm, rarely shorter.
55a. Leaves abaxially densely rusty yellow or rust colored, rarely rufous tomentose; terminal
inflorescences short subracemes, rarely cymose panicles, with few flowers.
56a. Leaf base cuneate to rounded, undivided.
57a. Leaves narrowly ovate, rarely elliptic, with 8–10 pairs of lateral veins; terminal inflorescences
lax cymose panicles, many flowered ....................................................................................... 131. R. penduliflorus
57b. Leaves ovate, with 4 or 5 pairs of lateral veins; terminal inflorescences short subracemes,
few flowered ............................................................................................................................... 132. R. malipoensis
56b. Leaf base cordate, divided, or undivided.
58a. Leaves not divided or 2-lobed basally.
59a. Leaves ovate or narrowly ovate, undivided or somewhat undulate; stipules and bracts only
apically palmately lobed; anthers and styles glabrous ........................................................... 136. R. flagelliflorus
59b. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, usually with 2 distinct lobes near base;
stipules and bracts palmately parted basally; anthers and styles sericeous-villous .................. 137. R. hastifolius
58b. Leaves divided or undulate.
60a. Leaves narrowly ovate, 3–5(–7)-lobed; stipules and bracts broadly obovate, 1–1.4 × 0.9–1.3
cm, pectinately or palmately divided; terminal inflorescences short subracemes, densely rust
colored villous; abaxial surface of calyx rust colored villous, tomentose .................................... 135. R. reflexus
60b. Leaves ovate to suborbicular, lobed or undulate; stipules oblong, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-
lanceolate, pinnate-laciniate or only apically palmately lobed; terminal inflorescence compact
panicle or short subraceme; abaxial surface of calyx densely rust colored sericeous or yellow
sericeous-villous or tomentose.
61a. Leaves 12–20 × 8–16 cm; stipules oblong-lanceolate, to 1.5 cm, pinnate-laciniate; terminal
panicles compact, many flowered; calyx densely rust colored tomentose ............................ 133. R. fuscifolius
61b. Leaves 8–11 × 5–9 cm; stipules oblong or ovate-lanceolate, less than 1 cm, only apically
palmately lobed; terminal inflorescences short subracemes, few flowered; abaxial surface
of calyx yellow sericeous-villous, margin of sepals tomentose ................................................... 134. R. shihae
55b. Leaves abaxially densely gray or yellowish gray tomentose.
62a. Leaves ovate, narrowly ovate, or ovate-lanceolate to oblong, rarely broadly ovate or suborbicular,
undivided or lobed, apically acuminate, rarely acute or obtuse; terminal inflorescences large broad
cymose panicles, to 27 cm, rarely racemose.
63a. Plants with glandular hairs or bristles.
64a. Plants tomentose, bristly; leaves suborbicular, abaxially densely gray tomentose; fruit
purplish black .............................................................................................................................. 103. R. tephrodes
 ROSACEAE

64b. Plants pubescent, not bristly; leaves ovate or orbicular-ovate to narrowly ovate; fruit red,
purplish red or purplish black.
65a. Leaves subleathery, broadly ovate or orbicular-ovate, abaxially yellowish tomentose;
plants with stipitate glands ca. 1 mm; abaxial surface of calyx tomentose ......................... 102. R. luchunensis
65b. Leaves not leathery, narrowly to broadly ovate or orbicular-ovate, abaxially gray
tomentose; plants with stipitate glands 2–3 mm; abaxial surface of calyx villous.
66a. Leaves ovate to narrowly ovate, apically obtuse to acute, margin undulate-lobed, lobes
obtuse; sepals undivided ............................................................................................................. 100. R. feddei
66b. Leaves broadly ovate or orbicular-ovate, apically acuminate, margin divided, lobes
acute; sepals laciniate ........................................................................................................ 101. R. salwinensis
63b. Plants without glandular hairs, rarely pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx with stalked glands.
67a. Leaves distinctly lobed, base cordate; petioles 3–7 cm ........................................................... 104. R. lobophyllus
67b. Leaves undivided, sometimes lobed, base rounded or cordate; petioles 0.5–10 cm.
68a. Leaves basally rounded, rarely subtruncate, oblong, ovate-oblong, or elliptic; petioles
0.5–1 cm ................................................................................................................................. 105. R. assamensis
68b. Leaves basally truncate to cordate, rarely suborbicular; petioles usually more than 2 cm.
69a. Leaves basally truncate, broadly triangular-ovate ................................................................ 106. R. tinifolius
69b. Leaves basally cordate, rarely subrounded, suborbicular, broadly ovate.
70a. Inflorescences and abaxial surface of calyx sericeous-villous.
71a. Leaves suborbicular or broadly ovate.
72a. Leaves thickly papery, base cordate, margin sharply serrate; terminal cymose
panicles large, broad; flowers apetalous .............................................................. 107. R. chroosepalus
72b. Leaves leathery, base truncate to shallowly cordate, margin shallowly obtusely
serrate; terminal cymose panicles small, narrow; flowers petalous ..................... 108. R. mallotifolius
71b. Leaves narrowly ovate or ovate-lanceolate.
73a. Shrubs deciduous; leaves 7–10 cm, lobed; petioles 2–4 cm, sparsely villous;
pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx with sparse, minute stalked glands .............. 109. R. fuscorubens
73b. Shrubs evergreen; leaves 11–22 cm, not divided or shallowly undulate; petioles
5–10 cm, glabrous; pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx without stalked glands ...... 110. R. jianensis
70b. Inflorescences and abaxial surface of calyx tomentose or tomentose-villous.
74a. Leaf base rounded to shallowly cordate; flowers 6–8 mm in diam.; abaxial surface
of calyx tomentose; flowers petalous or apetalous.
75a. Leaves broadly ovate, rarely ovate-oblong, undivided; petioles glabrous;
abaxial surface of calyx gray tomentose; flowers apetalous; aggregate fruit
black ................................................................................................................... 111. R. cinclidodictyus
75b. Leaves narrowly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, lobed; petioles tomentose; abaxial
surface of calyx tomentose, gray tomentose on sepal margin; flowers petalous;
aggregate fruit dark red ........................................................................................ 112. R. xanthoneurus
74b. Leaf base cordate; flowers 8–18 mm in diam.; abaxial surface of calyx tomentose
and villous; flowers petalous.
76a. Leaves ovate to narrowly ovate, apically acuminate; petioles 2–4 cm; flowers
to 18 mm in diam.; terminal cymose panicles broad, lax ....................................... 113. R. paniculatus
76b. Leaves broadly ovate to suborbicular, rarely narrowly ovate, apically acute;
petioles 1–2.5 cm; flowers 8–10 mm in diam.; terminal cymose panicles short,
compact ............................................................................................................ 114. R. neoviburnifolius
62b. Leaves suborbicular, broadly ovate to broadly oblong, lobed, apically obtuse or acute, rarely
acuminate; terminal inflorescences always narrow cymose panicles or racemose, less than
17 cm.
77a. Stipules and bracts pinnately or palmately parted or irregularly lacerate nearly to base.
78a. Plants with dense, large stipitate glands; leaves suborbicular or broadly ovate, 4–6 cm;
petioles 1–2 cm; sepals triangular-ovate, not divided .......................................................... 115. R. nagasawanus
78b. Plants without stipitate glands; leaves suborbicular to broadly ovate, 6–16 cm; petioles
(2–)3–5(–8) cm; sepals apically 2- or 3-laciniate, with 3 bristles at apex or palmately to
pinnately laciniate.
79a. Leaves broadly ovate, undivided or slightly undulate, abaxially hairs deciduous at
maturity; terminal inflorescences narrow panicles or racemose; sepals lanceolate,
outer sepals apically 2- or 3-laciniate ................................................................................. 120. R. chrysobotrys
 ROSACEAE

79b. Leaves suborbicular or broadly ovate, distinctly 3–7-divided, abaxially persistently

tomentose; terminal inflorescences short subracemes or cymose panicles; outer sepals
entire with 3 bristles only at apex or palmately to pinnately laciniate.
80a. Terminal inflorescences short subracemes, 3–6-flowered; sepals long obovate, outer
sepals entire, with 3 bristles only at apex; adaxial surface of leaves not distinctly
bullate between veins ............................................................................................................. 119. R. yuliensis
80b. Terminal cymose panicles or subracemes, many flowered; sepals broadly ovate or
triangular-ovate, outer sepals palmately to pinnately laciniate; adaxial surface of
leaves prominently bullate or not.
81a. Adaxial surface of leaves prominently bullate between veins; terminal inflorescences
narrow cymose panicles or subracemes ........................................................................... 116. R. alceifolius
81b. Adaxial surface of leaves not prominently bullate between veins; terminal inflorescences
broad cymose panicles.
82a. Branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences yellowish villous; pedicel 5–8 cm; petals
and ovary pubescent ................................................................................................... 117. R. platysepalus
82b. Branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences grayish tomentose; pedicel 0.8–2 cm;
petals pubescent; ovary glabrous ............................................................................. 118. R. arachnoideus
77b. Stipules and bracts palmately or pinnately lobed, rarely parted.
83a. Plants with brownish bristles; leaves suborbicular, apically acute to caudate.
84a. Stipules and bracts 1.5–2 × 1.2–1.5 cm, parted, late caducous; flowers ca. 1 cm in diam.;
sepals broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, apically caudate ............................................................ 121. R. rufus
84b. Stipules and bracts 1–1.2 × 0.7–1 cm, lobed, caducous; flowers 1.2–1.7 cm in diam.;
sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, apically acute to shortly acuminate ......................... 122. R. lasiotrichos
83b. Plants without bristles; leaves suborbicular or broadly ovate, truncate, apically obtuse or acute.
85a. Shrubs low, climbing or prostrate; leaves abaxially glabrescent.
86a. Branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences thinly pubescent; leaf lobes acute; abaxial
surface of calyx gray to yellowish gray pubescent, intermixed tomentose; sepals
broadly ovate, outer sepals pinnate-laciniate on margin .................................................... 129. R. hunanensis
86b. Branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences tomentose-villous; leaf lobes often obtuse;
abaxial surface of calyx densely yellowish villous, intermixed tomentose; sepals
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, outer sepals only apically lobed ........................................... 130. R. buergeri
85b. Shrubs larger, climbing; leaves abaxially persistently tomentose.
87a. Terminal inflorescences short subracemes, few flowered; stipules and bracts broadly
flabellate or broadly ovate to broadly oblong, 1–1.5(–2) × (0.6–)1–1.5 cm, pinnately or
palmately parted to base.
88a. Leaves 3–5-lobed, lobes acute, rarely obtuse; stipules and bracts broadly ovate to
broadly oblong; pedicel 3–4 mm; sepals triangular to ovate, outer sepals entire or
only apically lobed ........................................................................................................ 127. R. formosensis
88b. Leaves 5–7-lobed, lobes obtuse or acute; stipules and bracts broadly flabellate;
pedicel 7–10(–15) mm; sepals narrowly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, outer sepals
pinnately parted ......................................................................................................... 128. R. pinnatisepalus
87b. Terminal inflorescences narrow cymose panicles or subracemes, many flowered;
stipules and bracts subflabellate, obovate or ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 0.7–1.8 cm,
pectinately to palmately divided or laciniate.
89a. Stipules and bracts subflabellate, broadly elliptic, or broadly obovate, 1–1.8 cm and
ca. as broad, pectinately to palmately divided.
90a. Leaves palmately 7–9-lobed, terminal lobe obtuse or subtruncate, rarely acute;
lobes of stipules usually undivided; pedicel 1–1.5 cm; flowers white, 1.5–2.5
cm in diam. ............................................................................................................ 123. R. pluribracteatus
90b. Leaves usually 5-lobed, terminal lobe acute; lobes of stipules divided again;
pedicel 1.5–3(–4) cm; flowers yellowish white or white, 1–1.5 cm in diam. ............ 124. R. reticulatus
89b. Stipules and bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, rarely narrowly obovate, 0.7–1.1
cm and nearly as broad, apex palmate-laciniate.
91a. Leaves 5–7-lobed, lobes obtuse, rarely acute, sepals ovate-lanceolate, apically
caudate; flowers purplish red; aggregate fruit black ............................................... 125. R. setchuenensis
91b. Leaves 7–11-lobed, lobes acute; sepals broadly ovate, apically acute; flowers
white; aggregate fruit red ..................................................................................................... 126. R. faberi
91. Rubus lineatus Reinwardt in Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. India 绢毛悬钩子 juan mao xuan gou zi
17: 1108. 1826.
 ROSACEAE

Shrubs 1–2 m tall, much branched. Branchlets brownish to silvery hairs. Blade of leaflets narrowly lanceolate.
grayish brown, terete, with sparse, minute prickles, with dense
● Mixed forests; 1800–2800 m. NW Yunnan.
appressed silvery-gray or yellowish gray silky hairs, glabre-
scent. Leaves palmately compound, 3–5-foliolate; petiole 2–5 91c. Rubus lineatus var. glabrescens T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
cm, lateral leaflets sessile or subsessile, sericeous; stipules cad- Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 307. 1982.
ucous, free, lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 1.2–2 cm, sometimes to
2–3 cm on sterile branchlets, often broad, membranous, abax- 光秃绢毛悬钩子 guang tu juan mao xuan gou zi
ially densely sericeous, not divided; blade of leaflets oblong or Pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx sericeous when young,
lanceolate to oblanceolate, 8–12 × 1.5–3.5 cm, pinnately veined glabrescent.
with (20–)30–50 pairs of parallel lateral veins terminating at
margin, midvein and lateral veins prominent abaxially, impress- ● Moist montane valleys, sparse forests; 1700–2000 m. SE Yun-
nan.
ed adaxially, abaxially densely silvery-gray or yellowish gray
appressed-sericeous, adaxially glabrous or long hairy along 92. Rubus cochinchinensis Trattinnick, Rosac. Monogr. 3: 97.
midvein, base cuneate, margin sharply serrate to doubly serrate, 1823.
apex acuminate to caudate. Inflorescences terminal and in axils
蛇泡筋 she pao jin
of apical leaves, cymose panicles, ca. 15–20-flowered, some-
times flowers in clusters in leaf axils; rachis and pedicels seri- Rubus fruticosus Loureiro (1790), not Linnaeus (1753); R.
ceous or glabrescent; bracts lanceolate or ovate-oblong, smaller playfairii Hemsley.
than stipules, sericeous. Pedicel 1–2 cm. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm in
Shrubs climbing. Branchlets brown to purplish brown, yel-
diam. Calyx abaxially densely silvery-gray or yellowish gray
low tomentose when young, gradually glabrescent, with sparse,
sericeous or glabrescent; sepals ovate-triangular to ovate-lan-
curved small prickles. Leaves palmately compound, 5-foliolate,
ceolate, 6–12 × 3–7 mm, margin entire, apex acuminate to cau-
sometimes 3-foliolate; petiole 4–5 cm, petiolule of leaflets 3–6
date. Petals white or greenish white, elliptic or obovate, much
mm, tomentose when young, glabrate in age, with sparse, curv-
smaller than sepals, glabrous, base not distinctly clawed. Sta-
mens ca. 50–150, glabrous, somewhat shorter than or subequal- ed minute prickles; stipules flabellate, 5–7 mm, broader, to-
ing petals. Pistils ca. 80–100 or more, shorter than stamens; mentose initially, glabrate in age, palmately divided, lobes
apical part of ovary and basal part of style long hairy. Ag- lanceolate; blade of leaflets elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or elliptic-
gregate fruit orange to red at maturity, semiglobose or globose- lanceolate, 5–10(–15) × 2–3.5(–5) cm, central leaflet slightly
ovoid, 7–10 mm in diam., sericeous when young, glabrescent; larger than lateral leaflets, abaxially densely brown-yellow
pyrenes distinctly rugose. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct. tomentose and with minute prickles along midvein, adaxially
glabrous, base cuneate, margin irregularly sharply serrate, apex
Slopes, valleys, forests, forest margins, fallow fields; 1400–3000
shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal ones cymose panicu-
m. Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Nepal, Sikkim, N Vietnam]. late, axillary ones subracemes, sometimes flowers several in
clusters in leaf axils; rachis and pedicels densely yellow to-
1a. Pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx mentose, with sparse, curved small prickles; bracts caducous,
with deciduous sericeous hairs ......... 91c. var. glabrescens 4–6 mm, narrow, palmately or pectinately divided, tomentose
1b. Pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx when young. Pedicel 4–10 mm. Flowers 0.8–1.2 cm in diam.
with dense, persistent sericeous hairs. Calyx campanulate, densely tomentose, unarmed abaxially; se-
2a. Blade of leaflets oblong or pals ovate-orbicular, 4–6 × 3–5 mm, apex acuminate, outer se-
lanceolate to oblanceolate ............... 91a. var. lineatus pals apically 3-lobed. Petals white, suborbicular, shorter than
2b. Blade of leaflets narrowly sepals. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments subulate,
lanceolate ................................ 91b. var. angustifolius glabrous. Pistils 30–40, longer than petals, glabrous. Aggregate
91a. Rubus lineatus var. lineatus fruit red when immature, black at maturity, globose, 8–11 mm
in diam., glabrous; pyrenes conspicuously rugose. Fl. Mar–
绢毛悬钩子(原变种) juan mao xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
May, fr. Jul–Aug.
Rubus pulcherrimus Hooker. Thickets, roadsides, slopes; low to medium elevations. Guang-
Pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx densely persistently dong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan [Cambodia, Laos, Thailand,
sericeous. Blade of leaflets oblong or lanceolate to oblanceo- Vietnam].
late. The fruit and roots are used in medicine.
Slopes, valleys, forest understories, forest margins, fallow fields; 93. Rubus foliaceistipulatus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phyto-
1400–3000 m. Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Indonesia, Malay-
tax. Sin. 20: 307. 1982.
sia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, N Vietnam].
91b. Rubus lineatus var. angustifolius J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. 托叶悬钩子 tuo ye xuan gou zi
India 2: 333. 1878. Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branchlets brownish to dark reddish
狭叶绢毛悬钩子 xia ye juan mao xuan gou zi brown, glabrous, with sparse prickles. Leaves palmately com-
pound, 3-foliolate; petiole reddish brown, 1.5–3 cm, lateral leaf-
Pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx with dense, persistent lets subsessile, soft hairy when young, gradually glabrescent,
 ROSACEAE

with sparse prickles; stipules free, leaflike, ovate or narrowly 长叶悬钩子(原变种) chang ye xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
ovate, 2–3.5 × 1–2 cm, herbaceous, glabrous, margin unevenly
Rubus chingianus Handel-Mazzetti.
coarsely serrate, apex acuminate; blade of leaflets elliptic or
oblong-elliptic, 6–14 × 2.5–5 cm, lateral veins 10–15 pairs, Rachis and pedicels glabrous. Sepals reflexed in fruit.
middle leaflet much longer than lateral leaflets, abaxially gla-
● Slopes, thickets in montane valleys, dense forests; 1000–3400
brous except puberulous along veins, adaxially glabrous or
m. Guangxi, Guizhou.
sparsely pubescent only along midvein, base broadly cuneate to
rounded, margin irregularly coarsely sharply serrate, apex acu- 94b. Rubus dolichophyllus var. pubescens T. T. Yu & L. T.
minate. Inflorescences terminal on lateral short branchlets, short Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 309. 1982.
racemes, flowers usually in clusters of 3–5; rachis and pedicels
毛梗长叶悬钩子 mao geng chang ye xuan gou zi
glabrous; bracts ovate or broadly triangular-ovate, slightly
smaller than stipules, glabrous, margin unevenly serrate, apex Rachis and pedicels pubescent. Sepals erect in fruit.
acuminate. Pedicel 1–2 cm. Flowers 2–3 cm in diam. Calyx
reddish brown, abaxially glabrous; sepals broadly ovate or tri- ● Thickets in montane valleys; below 2100 m. SW Guizhou (Pan-
xian Tequ).
angular-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.2–2 cm, apex long caudate;
outer sepals broader, margin shallowly laciniate above middle 95. Rubus raopingensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax.
or at apex, inner sepals entire, with tomentose margin. Petals Sin. 20: 309. 1982.
erect after anthesis, white, elliptic or spatulate, 0.7–1.4 cm × 5–
7 mm, glabrous. Stamens many, unequal in length, shorter than 饶平悬钩子 rao ping xuan gou zi
petals; filaments broad, complanate. Pistils numerous; style and Shrubs scandent. Branchlets brown or dark purplish
ovary glabrous. Fruit unknown. Fl. May–Jun. brown, terete, yellowish villous, with sparse, stipitate glandular
● Bamboo forests on slopes, Rhododendron thickets; 2800–3000 hairs and sparse, curved prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 6–8
m. W Yunnan (Tengchong Xian). mm, yellowish villous, sparsely stipitate glandular; stipules cad-
ucous, free, deeply palmately divided nearly to base, lobes line-
94. Rubus dolichophyllus Handel-Mazzetti, Sinensia 3: 186. ar, villous, stipitate glandular; blade lanceolate or oblong-lan-
1933. ceolate, 7–12 × 2–4.5 cm, veins 6–8 pairs, slightly raised
长叶悬钩子 chang ye xuan gou zi abaxially, papery, abaxially gray tomentose and with yellowish
long hairs along veins, sometimes glabrescent, adaxially pubes-
Shrubs lianoid, to 7 m tall. Branchlets brown or purplish cent only along veins, base rounded to shallowly cordate, mar-
brown, glabrous, with sparse, curved minute prickles, glaucous. gin irregularly serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal
Leaves simple; petiole 5–7 mm, adaxially puberulous; stipules or axillary, cymose panicles, large, lax, many flowered; rachis
free, 6–9 mm, glabrous, palmately divided above middle, lobes and pedicels yellowish villous, stipitate glandular; bracts small-
lanceolate; blade lanceolate, 7–16 × 1.5–3 cm, lateral veins 8– er than stipules, sparsely villous, with stalked glands. Pedicels
11 pairs, raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, subleathery, unequal in length, longer ones to 2 cm, shorter ones 6–7 mm.
abaxially densely gray tomentose, adaxially glabrous, base Flowers not more than 1 cm in diam. Calyx purplish red, yel-
rounded to shallowly cordate, margin with shallow sharp mi- lowish villous, with stalked glands; sepals erect in fruit, ovate-
nute teeth, apex long acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axil- lanceolate, 5–7 × 3–5 mm, margin entire, apex caudate. Petals
lary, large cymose panicles, 14–20 cm, axillary ones shorter; absent. Stamens many; filaments linear. Pistils few, longer than
rachis and pedicels glabrous or pubescent; bracts smaller than stamens; style and ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit black, small,
stipules, apex palmately lobed; lobes linear or nearly subulate, glabrous, with few drupelets, enclosed in calyx; pyrenes rugose.
glabrous. Pedicel 1–1.4 cm. Flowers 6–9 mm in diam. Calyx Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–Aug.
purplish red, abaxially densely gray tomentose, with sparse, in-
● Stream sides, roadsides, rockslides, montane valleys, forest mar-
termixed glandular hairs; tube pelviform; sepals lanceolate, 6–9 gins; 600–700 m. S Fujian, E Guangdong.
× 2–3 mm, margin entire, apex subulate-acuminate or caudate.
Petals absent. Stamens shorter than sepals; filaments red, linear, 1a. Leaves not glabrescent, margin
glabrous. Pistils few; ovary glabrous; styles purplish red, ca. 4 densely sharply serrate .................... 95a. var. raopingensis
mm, rarely as long as stamens. Aggregate fruit purplish black, 1b. Leaves gradually glabrescent, margin
with few drupelets, glabrous; pyrenes large, coarsely rugose. Fl. minute obtusely serrate ................. 95b. var. obtusidentatus
May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
95a. Rubus raopingensis var. raopingensis
● Slopes, thickets in montane valleys, dense forests; 1000–3400
m. Guangxi, Guizhou. 饶平悬钩子(原变种) rao ping xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
1a. Rachis and pedicels glabrous; Leaves tomentose abaxially, not glabrescent, margin dense-
sepals reflexed in fruit .................. 94a. var. dolichophyllus ly sharply serrate.
1b. Rachis and pedicels pubescent;
● Stream sides, roadsides, rockslides, montane valleys, forest mar-
sepals erect in fruit .............................. 94b. var. pubescens
gins; low elevations. E Guangdong (Raoping Xian).
94a. Rubus dolichophyllus var. dolichophyllus 95b. Rubus raopingensis var. obtusidentatus T. T. Yu & L.
 ROSACEAE

T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 310. 1982. ate; lobes linear, villous, stipitate glandular. Pedicel 0.8–1.2 cm.
Flowers ca. 8 mm in diam. Calyx purplish red, abaxially
钝齿悬钩子 dun chi xuan gou zi
densely villous, purplish red stipitate glandular; sepals ovate-
Leaves tomentose abaxially, gradually glabrescent, margin lanceolate, 5–10 × 2.5–5 mm, margin entire, apex shortly acu-
minutely obtusely serrate. minate. Petals white, sometimes absent. Stamens many, shorter
than sepals; filaments linear. Pistils relatively few, shorter than
● Stream sides, forest margins; 600–700 m. S Fujian (Nanjing
stamens, glabrous. Aggregate fruit purplish black, globose, 4–6
Xian).
mm in diam., glabrous. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
96. Rubus xichouensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax.
● Sparse or dense forests in mountainous regions, stream sides,
Sin. 20: 310. 1982. rocky places in valleys; below 1000 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangsu,
西畴悬钩子 xi chou xuan gou zi Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.

Shrubs climbing, 0.5–1 m tall. Branchlets brownish to red- 98. Rubus panduratus Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 490.
dish brown, yellowish sericeous-villous when young, glabre- 1933.
scent, unarmed or with sparse, minute prickles. Leaves simple; 琴叶悬钩子 qin ye xuan gou zi
petiole reddish brown, 1–1.5 cm, yellowish sericeous-villous
when young; stipules caducous, free, narrowly oblong, but Shrubs scandent, to 5 m tall. Branchlets slender, villous,
broader near apex, to 1 cm, palmately divided, lobes linear, soft with sparse, curved prickles, purplish red, with stalked glands.
hairy; blade oblong-lanceolate, 11–19 × 2.5–5 cm, lateral veins Leaves simple; petiole 2–3.5 cm, hirsute, purplish red, with
7–10 pairs, subleathery, abaxially densely yellow or grayish stalked glands; stipules free, small, palmately laciniate, lobes
yellow tomentose, with sparse, intermixed long soft hairs along linear, hirsute, stipitate glandular or not; blade ovate-lanceolate,
veins, adaxially glabrous or slightly pubescent only along veins, 10–18 × 4–9 cm, abaxially densely gray tomentose and sparsely
base rounded, margin irregularly sharply serrate, teeth abruptly hirsute along veins, adaxially glabrous except hirsute or with
pointed, apex caudate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, ter- sparse, stalked glands on veins, base deeply cordate, basal in-
minal ones short cymose panicles, 4–6 cm, few flowered, axil- cision narrow, to 2 cm deep, basal lobes long, touching, margin
lary ones short racemes or shortly subcorymbose, sometimes irregularly sharply serrate, with shallow lobes above base, apex
flowers fewer, in clusters; rachis and pedicels densely yellow acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, cymose panicles, basal
sericeous-villous; bracts narrowly oblong, less than 1 cm, pal- branches spreading; rachis, pedicels, and abaxial surface of ca-
mately lobed; lobes linear, yellow sericeous-villous. Pedicel 5– lyx hirsute, with dense, purplish red or blackish purple stalked
10 mm. Flowers to 1 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely yel- glands; bracts palmate-laciniate; lobes linear, hirsute, with
low sericeous-villous; sepals erect after anthesis, broadly ovate, stalked glands. Pedicel to 1 cm. Flowers to 1 cm in diam. Calyx
margin tomentose, entire or outer sepals shallowly laciniate reddish purple; sepals narrowly triangular-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm,
apically, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Petals white, sub- apex subulate or long caudate. Petals often absent or small and
orbicular or broadly obovate, nearly as long as sepals, glabrous. reduced. Stamens many, much shorter than sepals; filaments
Stamens many, glabrous; filaments linear. Pistils 30–40, longer linear; anthers purple. Pistils few, glabrous. Aggregate fruit
than stamens; style glabrous. Fruit unknown. Fl. Apr–May. dark red or purplish black, small, dry at maturity; pyrenes ru-
● Sparse forests on slopes, broad-leaved evergreen forests; medi- gose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Jul–Aug.
um elevations. SE Yunnan. ● Forests, montane valleys; low to medium elevations. Guang-
97. Rubus parkeri Hance, J. Bot. 20: 260. 1882. dong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan.

乌泡子 wu pao zi 1a. Leaf blade densely gray tomentose

abaxially ............................................. 98a. var. panduratus
Rubus parkeri var. brevisetosus Focke; R. parkeri var. 1b. Leaf blade not tomentose, sparsely
longisetosus Focke; R. tsangsihsiensis K. S. Hao. hirsute only along veins abaxially .... 98b. var. etomentosus
Shrubs scandent. Branchlets brown to dark reddish brown, 98a. Rubus panduratus var. panduratus
slender, densely gray-villous, with sparse, intermixed purplish
琴叶悬钩子(原变种) qin ye xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
red glandular hairs and slightly curved prickles. Leaves simple;
petiole 5–10 mm, rarely to 2 cm, densely villous, with sparse, Leaf blade densely gray tomentose abaxially.
intermixed glandular hairs, with minute prickles; stipules 8–11 ● Sparse forests, montane valleys; low to medium elevations.
mm, palmately laciniate, lobes linear, villous; blade ovate-lan- Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou.
ceolate or ovate-oblong, 7–16 × 3.5–6 cm, lateral veins 5 or 6
pairs, raised abaxially, abaxially densely gray tomentose, inter- 98b. Rubus panduratus var. etomentosus Handel-Mazzetti,
mixed villous, with sparse, minute prickles along veins, adax- Sinensia 5: 1. 1934.
ially appressed villous, more densely so along veins, base cor- 脱毛琴叶悬钩子 tuo mao qin ye xuan gou zi
date, basal incision shallow, broad, basal 2 lobes short, not
touching, margin tenuously serrate, lobed, apex acuminate. Cy- Leaf blade not tomentose, sparsely hirsute only along veins
mose panicles, large, 12–24 cm; rachis and pedicels densely vil- abaxially.
lous, with unequal long purplish red stipitate glandular hairs ● Forests; ca. 800 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan.
and sparse, minute prickles; bracts 6–9 mm, palmately lacini-
 ROSACEAE

99. Rubus angustibracteatus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phy- when immature, purplish black at maturity, 7–10 mm in diam.,
totax. Sin. 20: 453. 1982. with few drupelets. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct.
狭苞悬钩子 xia bao xuan gou zi Slopes, forests, thickets, roadsides; low elevations. Guangxi, Gui-
zhou, Yunnan [Vietnam].
Shrubs scandent. Branchlets grayish brown or purplish
brown, pubescent, with intermixed glandular hairs initially, This species is used medicinally. The fruit are edible.
gradually glabrescent, with sparse, curved prickles. Leaves sim- 101. Rubus salwinensis Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 491.
ple; petiole 1–1.5 cm, sparsely villous, with intermixed gland- 1933.
ular hairs, with minute prickles; stipules caducous, free, linear
or lanceolate, margin entire, villous, with intermixed glandular 怒江悬钩子 nu jiang xuan gou zi
hairs; blade ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 7–12 × 2–4 Shrubs scandent, to 2 m tall. Branchlets brown to grayish
cm, abaxially densely yellowish tomentose, intermixed villous
brown, terete, yellowish villous, with sparse, curved minute
along veins, with small curved prickles along midvein, adax-
prickles, with sparse, stipitate glands to 2 mm. Leaves simple;
ially glabrous, rarely slightly soft hairy along midvein, base
petiole 3–5 cm, yellowish villous, sparsely stipitate glandular,
deeply cordate, margin unevenly sharply serrate, undivided,
with sparse, curved minute prickles; stipules caducous, free, to
apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, narrowly
1 cm, sparsely villous and stipitate glandular, apex laciniate,
cymose-paniculate or short subracemes; rachis and pedicels
lobes linear or lanceolate; blade broadly ovate or orbicular-
villous, with glandular hairs, sometimes with minute prickles;
ovate, 8–13 × 7–10 cm, lateral veins 4–6 pairs, abaxially dense-
bracts linear, villous, with intermixed glandular hairs, margin
ly gray tomentose, yellowish villous along veins, adaxially
entire. Pedicel 5–8 mm. Flowers not more than 1 cm in diam.
sparsely villous, base cordate, margin distinctly lobed; lobes
Calyx abaxially densely tomentose, intermixed yellowish vil-
with dense sharp serrations, apex acute to acuminate. Inflores-
lous and with purplish red glandular hairs; sepals erect in fruit,
cences terminal, pyramidal cymose panicles, with spreading
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, margin entire, apex acuminate. Petals
branches, 10–25 cm, many flowered; rachis and pedicels
suborbicular, small, much shorter than sepals, puberulous. Sta-
densely yellowish villous, sparsely stipitate glandular; bracts 6–
mens numerous; filaments short, basally broadened and flat-
8 mm, margin laciniate; lobes linear, villous, stipitate glandular.
tened. Pistils 20; apex of ovary and base of style soft hairy.
Pedicel 1–1.5 cm. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially
Aggregate fruit with few drupelets, enclosed in calyx. Fl. May–
densely yellowish villous, with sparse, stalked glands; tube
Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
short, ca. 7 mm; sepals triangular-lanceolate, 8–11 × 4–5 mm,
● Forests in mountainous areas; 1900–2200 m. W Sichuan. margin usually laciniate, caudate; lobes lanceolate to linear-
lanceolate, erect in fruit. Petals white, oblong, 3–6 × 2–3.5 mm,
100. Rubus feddei H. Léveillé & Vaniot, Repert. Spec. Nov.
glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex dentate or not. Stamens
Regni Veg. 8: 549. 1910.
many, shorter than sepals, glabrous; filaments linear. Pistils
黔桂悬钩子 qian gui xuan gou zi nearly as long as stamens; style and ovary glabrous. Aggre-
gate fruit red, glabrous, with few drupelets, enclosed in calyx;
Shrubs climbing. Branchlets grayish brown to purplish pyrenes rugose, reticulate. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
brown, villous, with sparse, slightly curved small prickles,
sometimes with glandular hairs. Leaves simple; petiole 3–4(–6) ● Ravines, forest margins; 1800–2500 m. Yunnan.
cm, villous, with intermixed long glandular hairs and sparse, 102. Rubus luchunensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax.
slightly curved minute prickles; stipules caducous, free, small, Sin. 20: 456. 1982.
4–6 mm, margin laciniate, lobes linear, with soft hairs and in-
termixed glandular hairs; blade ovate to narrowly ovate, 6–8 × 绿春悬钩子 lu chun xuan gou zi
2–5 cm, palmately 5-veined, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, abaxially Shrubs scandent. Branchlets purplish brown, yellowish
densely gray tomentose, with intermixed long soft hairs and villous, with short glandular hairs, with sparse, curved prickles.
glandular hairs to 2–3 mm along veins, adaxially villous, with Leaves simple; petiole 2.5–4 cm, yellowish tomentose, with
intermixed glandular hairs along veins, base cordate, margin intermixed short glandular hairs and sparse, curved prickles;
undulate-lobed, lobes obtuse, irregularly coarsely sharply ser- stipules caducous, 5–8 mm, palmately lobed, lobes linear, with
rate, apex obtuse to acute. Inflorescences terminal, cymose pani- soft hairs and intermixed short glandular hairs; blade broadly
cles, sometimes subcorymbose, to 25 cm; rachis and pedicels ovate to orbicular-ovate, 7–11 × 6–8 cm, palmately 5-veined,
densely villous, with intermixed brownish purple long glandu- lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, thickly leathery or subleathery, abax-
lar hairs; bracts 3–5 mm, laciniate, villous, with intermixed ially densely yellowish tomentose, intermixed villous along
glandular hairs. Pedicel 5–10 mm. Flowers 1–1.2 cm in diam. veins, adaxially sparsely villous, with intermixed short glandu-
Calyx brownish red, villous, with long brownish purple gland- lar hairs, glandular hairs deciduous in age, base cordate, margin
ular hairs; tube shallowly cupular; sepals erect in fruit, ovate to undivided or undulate, unevenly sharply serrate, teeth abruptly
ovate-lanceolate, 8–11 × 2–5 mm, margin entire, apex acu- pointed, to 1–2 mm, apex acute to shortly acuminate or ob-
minate to caudate. Petals white, small, inconspicuous, much tuse. Inflorescences terminal, pyramidal cymose panicles with
shorter than sepals, narrow. Stamens many, longer than petals spreading branches, to 20 cm, many flowered; rachis and
and shorter than sepals; filaments yellowish, linear. Pistils ca. pedicels yellowish villous, with intermixed short glandular
15–20, shorter than stamens, glabrous. Aggregate fruit red hairs; bracts 4–6 mm, with soft hairs and intermixed short
 ROSACEAE

glandular hairs, apex lobed; lobes linear. Pedicel 1–2 cm. Flow- shortly clawed. Stamens many, ca. as long as petals; filaments
ers not more than 1 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely yel- slightly broadened toward base. Pistils 30–50, longer than
lowish tomentose, with intermixed short glandular hairs; tube stamens; style and ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit purplish
pelviform; sepals erect after anthesis, lanceolate, 6–10 mm, black, globose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., glabrous, with many drupe-
margin entire, apex acuminate. Petals elliptic, small, much lets; pyrenes rugose. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 28*.
shorter than sepals, glabrous, base clawed, apex acute. Stamens
● Mountainous regions and summits, foothills, slopes, roadsides,
numerous, slightly shorter than or nearly as long as petals; thickets, montane valleys; below 1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong,
filaments linear. Pistils 10–16, slightly longer than or nearly as Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang.
long as stamens, glabrous. Aggregate fruit purplish red, less
than 1 cm in diam., glabrous, with few drupelets. Fl. Apr–May, The name Rubus megalothyrsus needs to be lectotypified in order
fr. Jun–Jul. to place the name into the synonymy of either R. tephrodes var. teph-
rodes or var. ampliflorus.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forest margins, moist places along
roadsides, thickets on sunny slopes; 1700–2000 m. S Yunnan. 1a. Plants without glandular hairs and
bristles or sometimes only partly
1a. Leaf blade subleathery, apex acute to sparsely stipitate glandular or
shortly acuminate; cymose panicles bristly ............................................... 103d. var. ampliflorus
15–20 cm; sepals lanceolate ........... 102a. var. luchunensis 1b. Plants with glandular hairs or bristly.
1b. Leaf blade thickly leathery, apex 2a. Plants only with glandular hairs
acute or obtuse; cymose panicles 1–1.5 mm, without bristles ....... 103c. var. holadenus
less than 10 cm; sepals ovate ............. 102b. var. coriaceus 2b. Plants with glandular hairs and
102a. Rubus luchunensis var. luchunensis bristles.
3a. Plants ± with short glandular
绿春悬钩子(原变种) lu chun xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
hairs less than 3 mm and
Leaf blade subleathery, apex acute to shortly acuminate. bristles 1–3 mm .................. 103a. var. tephrodes
Cymose panicles 15–20 cm. Sepals lanceolate. 3b. Plants with dense long
● Broad-leaved evergreen forest margins; ca. 1700 m. S Yunnan
glandular hairs and
(Lüchun Xian). bristles to 5 mm ............. 103b. var. setosissimus

102b. Rubus luchunensis var. coriaceus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, 103a. Rubus tephrodes var. tephrodes
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 456. 1982. 灰白毛莓(原变种) hui bai mao mei (yuan bian zhong)
硬叶绿春悬钩子 ying ye lu chun xuan gou zi Rubus megalothyrsus Cardot, p.p. (excluding specimen
Leaf blade thickly leathery, apex acute or obtuse. Cymose “Lienchow River, Kwangtung,” Ford 74); R. paniculatus Smith
panicles less than 10 cm. Sepals ovate. var. brevifolius Kuntze.
● Moist places along roadsides, thickets on sunny slopes; below Plants ± with short glandular hairs and bristles 1–3 mm.
2000 m. S Yunnan (Jinping Xian).
● Slopes, roadsides, thickets; below 1500 m. Anhui, Fujian,
103. Rubus tephrodes Hance, J. Bot. 12: 260. 1874. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan.

灰白毛莓 hui bai mao mei 103b. Rubus tephrodes var. setosissimus Handel-Mazzetti,
Symb. Sin. 7: 492. 1933.
Shrubs scandent, to 3–4 m tall. Branchlets brown or pur-
plish brown, densely gray tomentose, with sparse, curved pric- 长腺灰白毛莓 chang xian hui bai mao mei
kles, ± with unequal long glandular hairs and bristles 1–3(–5) Rubus farinaceus Cardot.
mm or without bristles. Leaves simple; petiole 1–3 cm, tomen-
tose, with sparse, minute prickles or glandular hairs, bristly; Plants with long dense glandular hairs and bristles to 5
stipules caducous, free, 5–8 mm, margin laciniate or pectinately mm.
parted, tomentose-villous; blade suborbicular, 5–11 × 5–10 cm, ● Mountain summits, foothills, montane valleys; below 1500 m.
palmately 5-veined, lateral veins 3 or 4 pairs, abaxially densely Guangdong, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi.
gray tomentose, with sparse, small prickles and bristles along
midvein, adaxially pilose or with sparse, glandular hairs, base 103c. Rubus tephrodes var. holadenus (H. Léveillé) L. T. Lu,
cordate, margin 5–7-lobed, irregularly serrate, apex acute or ob- Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 281. 2000.
tuse. Inflorescences terminal, cymose panicles, 10–16 cm, many 硬腺灰白毛莓 ying xian hui bai mao mei
flowered; rachis and pedicels tomentose-villous, with sparse,
glandular hairs and bristles; bracts 5–7 mm, pectinately lobed; Rubus holadenus H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
lobes linear, tomentose-villous. Pedicel 4–10 mm. Flowers ca. 1 Veg. 12: 536. 1913.
cm in diam. Calyx densely gray tomentose, usually without
Plants only with glandular hairs 1–1.5 mm, without
glandular hairs and bristles; sepals ovate, 4–7 × 3–5 mm, mar-
bristles.
gin entire, apex acute. Petals white, suborbicular to oblong,
slightly shorter than or nearly as long as sepals, pilose, base ● Slopes; below 1500 m. Guizhou.
 ROSACEAE

103d. Rubus tephrodes var. ampliflorus (H. Léveillé & Vani- ceolate, villous; blade oblong, ovate-oblong, or elliptic, 6–11 ×
ot) Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 492. 1933. 3.5–6 cm, lateral veins 5 or 6 pairs, abaxially densely gray or
yellowish gray tomentose and villous along veins, adaxially vil-
无腺灰白毛莓 wu xian hui bai mao mei
lous, more densely so along veins, base rounded, rarely sub-
Rubus ampliflorus H. Léveillé & Vaniot, Bull. Soc. Bot. truncate, margin unevenly serrate, serrations apiculate, some-
France 51: 218. 1904; R. megalothyrsus Cardot, p.p. (excluding times divided basally, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal
specimen “Lienchow River, Kwangtung,” Ford 73); R. schind- or axillary, cymose panicles, 10–20 cm, many flowered; rachis
leri Focke; R. tephrodes var. eglandulosus Cheng; R. tephrodes and pedicels gray or yellowish gray villous, occasionally with
var. schindleri (Focke) Handel-Mazzetti. sparse, minute glandular hairs; bracts obovate or subflabellate,
6–9 mm, villous, deeply lobed; lobes linear or lanceolate. Ped-
Plants without glandular hairs and bristles, rarely only icel 7–11 mm. Calyx densely gray or yellowish gray tomentose
partly sparsely stipitate glandular or bristly. and villous; sepals erect in fruit, ovate, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, apex
● Mountainous regions; low elevations. Guangdong, Guangxi, long acuminate. Petals usually absent. Stamens many, some-
Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang. what shorter than or nearly as long as sepals; filaments linear.
Pistils 10–15(–20), shorter than stamens, often glabrous. Aggre-
104. Rubus lobophyllus Y. K. Shih ex F. P. Metcalf, Lingnan gate fruit red when immature, black at maturity, subglobose, ca.
Sci. J. 19: 29. 1940. 8 mm in diam., with several drupelets; pyrenes slightly rugose.
角裂悬钩子 jiao lie xuan gou zi Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
Mixed forests, forest margins; 1400–3000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou,
Shrubs scandent, to 3 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown,
Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [NE India, NE Myanmar].
terete, soft hairy, glabrescent, with sparse, curved prickles.
Leaves simple; petiole 3–7 cm, densely villous, with sparse, 106. Rubus tinifolius C. Y. Wu ex T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta
curved minute prickles; stipules free, 1–1.4 cm, pilose, pin- Phytotax. Sin. 20: 454. 1982.
nately or palmately lobed; lobes lanceolate or linear; blade
截叶悬钩子 jie ye xuan gou zi
ovate to narrowly ovate, 8–14 × 5–12 cm, lateral veins 4 or 5
pairs, abaxially densely gray to yellowish gray tomentose and Shrubs erect or scandent, to 2 m tall. Branchlets grayish
villous along veins, adaxially glabrous except villous along brown or reddish brown, densely yellowish tomentose-villous,
veins, base cordate, margin distinctly lobed, terminal lobe tri- with sparse, curved minute prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 2–4
angular-lanceolate, much larger and longer than lateral tri- cm, densely yellowish tomentose-villous, with sparse, curved
angular ones, irregularly abruptly sharply serrate, apex acumi- minute prickles; stipules free, broadly obovate, 0.8–1.4 × 0.8–
nate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, terminal ones narrow 1.4 cm, villous, palmately lobed, lobes lanceolate; blade broad-
cymose panicles or subracemes, axillary ones subcorymbose or ly triangular-ovate, 7–14 × 4.5–11 cm, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs,
flowers several in a cluster; rachis and pedicels yellowish abaxially densely gray or yellowish tomentose and intermixed
villous; bracts 0.8–1.2 cm, villous, pinnately or palmately villous along veins, adaxially villous along veins, base truncate,
lobed; lobes linear or lanceolate. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm. Flowers 6–8 margin undivided, rarely shallowly undulate, irregularly serrate,
mm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely yellowish villous and in- apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, narrow
termixed tomentose; sepals ovate, 6–8 × 3–5 mm, apex acute, panicles or subracemes, axillary ones subcorymbose or flowers
outer sepals palmately or pinnately laciniate; lobes linear, erect few in clusters; rachis and pedicels yellowish tomentose-vil-
in fruit. Petals white, suborbicular or obovate, slightly longer lous; bracts broadly obovate, 7–13 × 6–12 mm, villous, pal-
than or nearly as long as sepals. Stamens numerous, in 2 mately lobed; lobes lanceolate. Pedicel ca. 1 cm. Flowers ca. 1
whorls; filaments linear, glabrous. Pistils many, much longer cm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely yellowish villous, inter-
than stamens; ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit red, subglobose, mixed tomentose; sepals ovate, 5–7 × 3–5 mm, apex acute,
7–9 mm in diam., glabrous, enclosed in calyx; pyrenes rugose. outer sepals often divided apically; lobes linear or lanceolate,
Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. inner sepals entire, erect in fruit. Petals white, suborbicular,
base shortly clawed. Stamens many; filaments linear, glabrous.
● Montane valleys, shrubby hillsides, forests on shaded slopes, Pistils much longer than stamens; style and ovary glabrous. Ag-
ravines; 500–2100 m. Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan. gregate fruit small, enclosed in calyx; pyrenes rugose, alveolate.
105. Rubus assamensis Focke, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bre- Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
men 4: 197. 1874. ● Ravines, roadsides, montane valleys, forests; 1400–2100 m. SE
Yunnan.
西南悬钩子 xi nan xuan gou zi
107. Rubus chroosepalus Focke, Hooker’s Icon. Pl., ser. 3, 10:
Rubus bahanensis Handel-Mazzetti; R. qinglongensis Q.
t. 1952. 1891.
H. Chen & T. L. Xu; R. sepalanthus Focke.
毛萼莓 mao e mei
Shrubs climbing. Branchlets brownish to purplish brown,
terete, yellowish gray villous, with curved minute prickles. Shrubs scandent, semievergreen. Branchlets brownish or
Leaves simple; petiole 5–10 mm, gray or yellowish gray vil- dark brown to blackish brown, soft hairy when young, glabre-
lous; stipules caducous, free, broadly obovate or flabellate, 0.9– scent, with sparse, curved prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 4–7
1.1 cm, palmately laciniate lobed, lobes linear to linear-lan- cm, glabrous or hairy, with sparse, slightly curved prickles;
 ROSACEAE

stipules caducous, free, lanceolate, to 1.8 cm, sericeous-villous les. Leaves simple; petiole 4–6 cm, soft hairy when young, gla-
or arachnoid hairy, undivided or apically lobed; blade subor- brescent, with sparse, minute prickles; stipules caducous, free;
bicular to broadly ovate, 5–10.5 cm in diam., palmately 5-vein- blade triangularly broadly ovate to suborbicular, 9–12 cm,
ed, lateral veins 5 or 6 pairs, raised abaxially, impressed adax- palmately 5-veined, lateral veins 3–5 pairs, prominent abax-
ially, thickly papery, abaxially densely gray or yellowish white ially, impressed adaxially, leathery, abaxially densely yellowish
tomentose or arachnoid hairy, sparsely pilose along veins, adax- gray tomentose, villous along veins, adaxially glabrous, lus-
ially glabrous, base cordate, margin inconspicuously undulate, trous, base truncate to shallowly cordate, margin unevenly shal-
with uneven sharp teeth, apex shortly acuminate. Inflorescences lowly obtusely serrate, apex acute or abruptly shortly pointed.
terminal, cymose panicles, 17–27 cm; rachis and pedicels seri- Inflorescences terminal or axillary, lax narrow cymose panicles,
ceous-villous or arachnoid hairy; bracts caducous, lanceolate, 10–16 cm, axillary inflorescences sometimes racemes; rachis
shorter than stipules, both surfaces sericeous-villous or arach- and pedicels yellow sericeous-villous; bracts suborbicular or
noid hairy, margin entire or 3-lobed apically. Pedicel 3–7 mm. broadly oblong, densely yellow sericeous-villous, apex pal-
Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely gray or mately or pectinately lobed; lobes lanceolate. Pedicel 4–6 mm.
yellowish white sericeous-villous; tube shallowly cupular; Flowers 7–9 mm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely yellow seri-
sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5–7 × 3–4 mm, margin to- ceous-villous; sepals erect after anthesis, broadly ovate or sub-
mentose, entire, apex acuminate. Petals absent. Stamens many, orbicular, 6–7 × 3–5 mm, margin entire, inner sepals usually
shorter than sepals; filaments subulate. Pistils ca. 15, longer with tomentose margin, apex obtuse. Petals white, suborbicular,
than stamens, glabrous. Aggregate fruit purplish black or black, glabrous. Stamens many; filaments short, broad, complanate.
globose, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes rugose. Fl. May– Pistils slightly longer than stamens; style and ovary glabrous.
Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. Fruit unknown. Fl. Jun–Jul.
Thickets on slopes, forest margins; 300–2000 m. Fujian, Guang- ● Montane valleys, dense forests; 1200–2000 m. SE Yunnan.
dong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan,
Yunnan [Vietnam]. 109. Rubus fuscorubens Focke in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 50.
1911.
1a. Branchlets pubescent when young,
glabrescent; petioles glabrous; 黄毛悬钩子 huang mao xuan gou zi
leaves abaxially gray or yellowish Shrubs deciduous. Branchlets brownish to dark brown, to-
white tomentose; inflorescences mentose-villous, gradually glabrescent, with sparse, slightly
sericeous-villous .......................... 107a. var. chroosepalus curved prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 2–4 cm, villous when
1b. Branchlets, petioles, leaves abaxially young, glabrate in age, with sparse, curved small prickles; stip-
and inflorescences densely yellowish ules caducous, free, 5–9 mm, deeply divided to base, lobes line-
arachnoid hairy .................................. 107b. var. araneosus ar, villous; blade narrowly ovate, 7–10 × 4–6.5 cm, palmately
107a. Rubus chroosepalus var. chroosepalus 5-veined, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, thickly papery, abaxially
densely gray tomentose, adaxially pilose along veins, base cor-
毛萼莓(原变种) mao e mei (yuan bian zhong) date, margin shallowly lobed, thinly sharply serrate, apex acu-
Rubus chroosepalus var. omeiensis Matsuda; R. mouyou- minate. Inflorescences often terminal, cymose panicles, 10–20
sensis H. Léveillé; R. petaloideus H. Léveillé. cm; rachis and pedicels yellowish sericeous-villous; bracts 5–7
mm, villous, divided above middle; lobes linear. Pedicel 3–6
Branchlets soft hairy when young, glabrescent. Petioles mm, with sparse, glandular hairs. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Ca-
glabrous; leaves gray or yellowish white tomentose abaxially. lyx densely yellowish sericeous-villous, sometimes with sparse,
Inflorescences sericeous-villous. intermixed glandular hairs; sepals ovate, 5–6 × 2.5–4 mm, pu-
Thickets on slopes, forest margins; 300–2000 m. Fujian, Guang-
berulous, margin entire, apex long acuminate. Petals much
dong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, shorter than sepals or absent. Stamens many, shorter than se-
Yunnan [Vietnam]. pals; filaments linear. Pistils not more than 20, shorter than sta-
mens; style and ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit black, sub-
107b. Rubus chroosepalus var. araneosus Q. H. Chen & T. L. globose, with few drupelets. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
Xu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 15: 363. 1993.
● Mountainous areas; 400–1200 m. Hubei.
蛛丝毛萼莓 zhu si mao e mei
110. Rubus jianensis L. T. Lu & Boufford, nom. nov.
Branchlets, petioles, leaves abaxially, and inflorescences
densely yellowish arachnoid hairy. 常绿悬钩子 chang lu xuan gou zi
● Thickets; below 1000 m. Guizhou (Sishui). Replaced synonym: Rubus sempervirens T. T. Yu & L. T.
108. Rubus mallotifolius C. Y. Wu ex T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 455. 1982, not Bigelow (1824).
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 454. 1982. Shrubs evergreen, 1–3 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown,
楸叶悬钩子 qiu ye xuan gou zi terete, glabrous, with curved prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 5–
10 cm, glabrous, with curved prickles; stipules caducous; blade
Shrubs scandent. Branchlets purplish brown, soft hairy narrowly ovate or broadly ovate-lanceolate, 11–22 × 5.5–11
when young, subglabrescent, with sparse, curved minute prick- cm, palmately 5-veined, lateral veins 8–10 pairs, leathery, abax-
 ROSACEAE

ially densely gray or grayish yellow tomentose, slightly villous nal and axillary, cymose panicles, 12–24 cm; rachis and ped-
along veins, adaxially glabrous, base cordate, margin undivided icels tomentose; bracts lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5–7(–25)
or shallowly undulate, irregularly coarsely sharply serrate, apex mm, apex and margin deeply lobed; lobes linear, soft hairy.
acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, cymose panicles; rachis and Pedicel to 1.2 cm. Flowers less than 1 cm in diam. Calyx ab-
pedicels yellowish sericeous-villous; bracts similar to stipules, axially tomentose, gradually glabrescent; tube pelviform; se-
apex deeply lobed; lobes lanceolate, sericeous-villous. Pedicel pals ovate, 6–7 × 3–5 mm, apex acuminate, outer sepals shal-
1–1.4 cm. Flowers 1–1.4 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely lowly lobed, margin scarious, persistently tomentose. Petals
yellowish sericeous-villous, usually without glandular hairs; se- white, obovate, 3–4 × 2.5–3.5 mm, shorter than sepals, pu-
pals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, margin entire, apex acute to acu- berulous, base clawed. Stamens many, nearly as long as pet-
minate. Petals absent. Stamens many; filaments linear. Pistils als; filaments linear. Pistils 10–35, slightly longer than sta-
ca. 14–20; ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit red, semiglobose, 1 mens, glabrous. Aggregate fruit dark red, subglobose, gla-
cm or less in diam., glabrous, enclosed in calyx; pyrenes reni- brous; pyrenes rugulose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
form, distinctly rugose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. Forests, mountainous areas, montane valleys, ravines, roadsides,
● Slopes, foothills, montane valleys; 700–900 m. C and SW fallow fields; 500–2000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou,
Jiangxi. Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Thailand].

111. Rubus cinclidodictyus Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 295. 1a. Petioles 2–3 cm; stipules and bracts
1914. less than 1 cm; pedicel and abaxial
surface of calyx without glandular
网纹悬钩子 wang wen xuan gou zi hairs .............................................. 112a. var. xanthoneurus
Shrubs climbing, to 2 m tall, long stoloniferous. Branches 1b. Petioles 1–2.5 cm; stipules and
grayish brown to dark reddish brown, glabrous, with sparse, bracts 1–2.5 cm; pedicel and
somewhat curved prickles or nearly unarmed. Leaves simple; abaxial surface of calyx with
petiole 1–4 cm, shortly petiolate at bases of inflorescences, gla- glandular hairs or not.
brous, with sparse, slightly curved prickles; stipules caducous, 2a. Pedicel and abaxial surface of
free, oblong or liguliform, 1–1.4 cm, glabrous or subglabrous, calyx with glandular hairs ...... 112b. var. glandulosus
apex divided; blade broadly ovate, rarely ovate-oblong, 9–12 × 2b. Pedicel and abaxial surface
6–9 cm, palmately veined from base, abaxially densely gray to- of calyx without glandular
mentose, adaxially glabrous, base rounded to shallowly cordate, hairs ................................... 112c. var. brevipetiolatus
margin irregularly coarsely sharply serrate, apex shortly cau-
112a. Rubus xanthoneurus var. xanthoneurus
date. Inflorescences terminal, cymose panicles, much branched,
pyramidal, to 10–22 cm; rachis and pedicels tomentose; bracts 黄脉莓(原变种) huang mai mei (yuan bian zhong)
oblong or liguliform, rarely ovate, 1–1.2 cm, tomentose, apex
Rubus dielsianus Focke; R. gentilianus H. Léveillé &
divided. Pedicel 0.7–1.5 cm. Flowers 6–8 mm in diam. Calyx
Vaniot; R. lambertianus Seringe subsp. xanthoneurus (Focke)
purple, abaxially densely gray tomentose; tube shorter, shallow-
ly pelviform; sepals erect or reflexed after anthesis, ovate or Focke; R. lambertianus var. xanthoneurus Focke; R. spinipes
ovate-lanceolate, 4–6(–7) × 2–3 mm, margin entire, rarely with Hemsley.
2 or 3 teeth, apex acuminate. Petals usually absent. Stamens Petiole 2–3 cm; stipules and bracts less than 1 cm. Pedicel
many, in 1 whorl, shorter than sepals; filaments linear, gla- and abaxial surface of calyx without glandular hairs.
brous. Pistils slightly shorter than stamens, glabrous. Aggregate
fruit black at maturity, subglobose, less than 1 cm in diam., gla- Forests on slopes, ravines, roadsides, fallow fields; 1300–2000 m.
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Si-
brous. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
chuan, Yunnan [Thailand].
● Slopes, forests, forest margins, river banks; 1200–3300 m.
Sichuan, Yunnan. 112b. Rubus xanthoneurus var. glandulosus T. T. Yu & L. T.
Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 455. 1982.
112. Rubus xanthoneurus Focke, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 392.
1900. 腺毛黄脉莓 xian mao huang mai mei

黄脉莓 huang mai mei Petiole 1–2.5 cm; stipules and bracts 1–2.5 cm. Pedicel
and abaxial surface of calyx with glandular hairs.
Shrubs climbing, to 3 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown,
gray or yellowish gray tomentose, gradually glabrescent, with ● Forests, mountainous areas, roadsides; 800–1100 m. Guangxi,
Guizhou.
sparse, minute prickles. Leaves simple; petiole (1–)2–3 cm, to-
mentose, with sparse, minute prickles; stipules free, ovate to 112c. Rubus xanthoneurus var. brevipetiolatus T. T. Yu & L.
ovate-lanceolate, 7–9(–25) mm, soft hairy, margin and apex T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 455. 1982.
deeply laciniate, lobes linear; blades narrowly ovate to ovate-
lanceolate, 7–12 × 4–7 cm, lateral veins 7 or 8 pairs, brownish 短柄黄脉莓 duan bing huang mai mei
yellow, prominently raised abaxially, abaxially densely gray or Petiole ca. 1 cm; stipules and bracts longer than petioles.
yellowish white tomentose, adaxially villous along veins, base
Pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx without glandular hairs.
truncate to shallowly cordate, margin often lobed, with irreg-
ular, rough, sharp teeth, apex acuminate. Inflorescences termi- ● Montane valleys, mixed forests; 500–1500 m. Guizhou.
 ROSACEAE

113. Rubus paniculatus Smith in Rees, Cycl. 30: Rubus no. Replaced synonym: Rubus viburnifolius Focke, Biblioth.
41. 1819. Bot. 17(Heft 72): 75. 1910, not Franchet (1895), nor (Greene)
Rydberg (1913); R. evadens Focke; R. nanopetalus Cardot; R.
圆锥悬钩子 yuan zhui xuan gou zi
viburnifolius Focke var. apetalus Y. Gu & W. L. Li.
Shrubs scandent, to 3 m tall. Branchlets brownish to red-
Shrubs climbing. Branches brownish to dark brown, terete,
dish brown, terete, yellowish gray tomentose-villous, gradually
robust, gray to yellowish gray tomentose, with sparse, some-
glabrescent, with sparse, minute prickles. Leaves simple; peti-
what curved prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 1–2.5 cm, gray to
ole 2–4 cm, yellowish gray or gray tomentose-villous, usually
grayish yellow tomentose-villous, with sparse, minute prickles;
unarmed; stipules oblong or ovate-lanceolate, to 8–11 mm,
stipules caducous, lanceolate, 5–7 mm, deeply lobed, lobes li-
villous, margin laciniate lobed above middle, lobes linear; blade
near, villous; blade broadly ovate to suborbicular, rarely nar-
ovate to narrowly ovate, 9–15 × 6–10 cm, lateral veins 5–7
rowly ovate, 6–11 × 5–9.5 cm, lateral veins usually 5 pairs,
pairs, abaxially densely yellowish gray to gray tomentose, vil-
abaxially gray to yellowish gray tomentose and villous along
lous along veins or glabrescent, adaxially villous, more densely
veins, adaxially pilose, more densely so along veins, base trun-
so along veins, base cordate, margin undulate or inconspicu-
cate to subcordate, margin undulate or inconspicuously 3-lobed,
ously lobed, irregularly coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex
irregularly abruptly pointed-serrate, apex acute or shortly point-
acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, terminal ones
ed. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, terminal ones cymose
cymose panicles, laxly spreading, 10–24 cm, axillary inflores-
panicles, short, 7–14 cm, compact, many flowered, axillary
cences smaller, subracemes; rachis and pedicels yellowish gray
ones subracemes, shorter, sometimes flowers few in clusters;
or gray tomentose-villous; bracts elliptic or oblong to lanceo-
rachis and pedicels densely gray to grayish yellow tomentose-
late, 7–9 mm, villous, apex lobed or not divided. Pedicel to 1.5
villous; bracts unequal in length, those in basal part of inflores-
cm. Flowers to 1.8 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially tomentose and
cence 5–8 mm, parted nearly to base; lobes linear or lanceolate,
villous; sepals ovate to lanceolate, 5–7 × 2–4 mm, apex acute to
villous, those in apical part of inflorescence smaller, linear-lan-
caudate-acuminate, outer sepals lobed, inner sepals entire. Pet-
ceolate, 3-divided. Pedicel 0.8–1.5 cm. Flowers 8–10 mm in
als white to yellowish white, oblong, 6–8 mm in diam. Stamens
diam. Calyx yellowish tomentose and villous; sepals ovate-lan-
many, shorter than petals; filaments linear, glabrous. Pistils
ceolate, 5–8 × 3–5 mm, often undivided. Petals white, spatulate
longer than stamens, glabrous. Aggregate fruit dark red to
or elliptic, smaller than sepals, glabrous, base clawed. Stamens
blackish purple, globose, glabrous; pyrenes distinctly rugose.
many, somewhat longer than petals; filaments linear. Pistils
Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct.
fewer than stamens, slightly longer than or ca. as long as sta-
Forests, ravines, stream sides; 1500–3200 m. Xizang, Yunnan mens, glabrous. Aggregate fruit red, 6–8 mm in diam., gla-
[Bhutan, N India, Kashmir, Nepal, Sikkim]. brous, with few drupelets; pyrenes rugose. Fl. late spring–
summer, fr. summer–autumn.
1a. Leaves abaxially persistently tomentose,
margin coarsely serrate ................... 113a. var. paniculatus ● Dry slopes, mixed forests; 1200–3000 m. S Yunnan.
1b. Leaves abaxially tomentose when 115. Rubus nagasawanus Koidzumi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot.
young, glabrescent in age, margin 8: 108. 1939.
sharply serrate ................................. 113b. var. glabrescens
高砂悬钩子 gao sha xuan gou zi
113a. Rubus paniculatus var. paniculatus
Rubus alceifolius Poiret var. emigratus Koidzumi (1913),
圆锥悬钩子(原变种) yuan zhui xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong) not Focke (1904); R. formosensis Matsumura (1901), not
Kuntze (1879); R. polyanthus H. L. Li; R. tephrodes Hance var.
Rubus paniculatus f. tiliaceus (Smith) H. Hara; R. tiliaceus
setosissimus Koidzumi (1939), not Handel-Mazzetti (1933).
Smith.
Shrubs scrambling. Branches robust, grayish soft hairy and
Leaves abaxially persistently tomentose, margin coarsely
tomentose, with reddish glandular hairs 2–3 mm and few prick-
serrate.
les; prickles ca. 2 mm, curved, base dilated; petiole 1–2 cm,
Mixed forests on slopes, ravines, stream sides; 1500–3200 m. Xi- tomentose, with minute prickles and glandular hairs; stipules
zang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Kashmir, Nepal, Sikkim]. free, 8–10 mm, margin lacerate to pinnatipartite; lobes linear,
with soft hairs and intermixed sparse, glandular hairs; blade
113b. Rubus paniculatus var. glabrescens T. T. Yu & L. T.
suborbicular or broadly ovate, 4–6 × 4.5–7 cm, 5-veined, veins
Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 456. 1982.
prominent abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, abaxially
脱毛圆锥悬钩子 tuo mao yuan zhui xuan gou zi gray or grayish yellow tomentose, adaxially dark and slightly
hirsute especially along veins, base broadly to deeply cordate,
Leaves abaxially tomentose when young, glabrescent in
margin 5-lobed, unevenly sharply serrate, apex acute or obtuse.
age, margin sharply serrate.
Inflorescences terminal, cymose panicles, much branched, 8–
● Forests; ca. 1700 m. NW Yunnan. 15(–20) cm, many flowered; rachis and pedicels densely to-
mentose; bracts 5–8 mm, margin lacerate to pinnatipartite;
114. Rubus neoviburnifolius L. T. Lu & Boufford, nom. nov.
lobes linear to linear-lanceolate, puberulous, with few glandular
荚蒾叶悬钩子 jia mi ye xuan gou zi hairs. Pedicel 1–2 cm. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Calyx yellow-
ish tomentose, with sparse, intermixed glandular hairs; tube
 ROSACEAE

cupular, ca. 3 mm, unarmed; sepals triangular-ovate, 6–7 × 3–4 武冈悬钩子 wu gang xuan gou zi
mm, apex acute to acuminate, usually undivided. Petals white,
Rubus platysepalus var. gracilior Handel-Mazzetti.
spatulate-orbicular to obovate, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, pubescent, base
shortly clawed. Stamens many; filaments 3–4 mm, glabrous. Shrubs, to 2 m tall. Branchlets brown or reddish brown,
Pistils 4–5 mm, glabrous. Aggregate fruit subglobose, 7–9 mm terete, yellowish villous, with sparse, broad-based, recurved
in diam., glabrous, enclosed in calyx; pyrenes 2–3 mm, slightly prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 3–4.5 cm, yellowish villous,
foveolate. Fl. summer, fr. autumn. 2n = 28*. with sparse, recurved minute prickles; stipules caducous, free,
to 1 cm, villous, pinnatipartite or palmatipartite nearly to base,
Thickets; 700–2500 m. E Taiwan [Indonesia (Java, Sumatra),
lobes linear or lanceolate; blade broadly ovate, 6–10 × 5–8.5
Philippines].
cm, palmately 5-veined, papery, abaxially yellowish gray to-
116. Rubus alceifolius Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. 6: mentose, villous along brown to rust colored veins, with sparse,
247. 1804. minute prickles along midvein, adaxially appressed strigose-pi-
lose, base deeply cordate, margin 5–7-lobed; lobes apically
粗叶悬钩子 cu ye xuan gou zi
acute or obtuse, terminal lobe longer than lateral lobes, irreg-
Rubus alceifolius var. diversilobatus (Merrill & Chun) T. ularly coarsely serrate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, ter-
T. Yu & L. T. Lu; R. bullatifolius Merrill; R. fimbriiferus minal ones cymose panicles, 10–20 cm or more, loosely flow-
Focke; R. fimbriiferus var. diversilobatus Merrill & Chun; R. ered; axillary inflorescences subracemes, shorter; rachis and
gilvus Focke; R. hainanensis Focke; R. laciniatostipulatus Ha- pedicels yellowish villous, with sparse, curved minute prickles;
yata ex Koidzumi; R. monguillonii H. Léveillé & Vaniot; R. bracts 7–9 mm, palmatipartite or pinnatipartite; lobes linear or
multibracteatus H. Léveillé & Vaniot var. demangei H. Lé- linear-lanceolate, villous. Pedicel 5–8 mm. Flowers 8–10 mm in
veillé. diam. Calyx abaxially yellowish villous; tube 4–5 mm; sepals
broadly ovate or broadly triangular-ovate, 5–8 × 3–5 mm, apex
Shrubs scandent, to 5 m tall, with arching or climbing
shortly acuminate, outer sepals apically laciniate, inner sepals
branches. Branchlets brown or reddish brown, densely spread-
entire, abaxially with tomentose margin. Petals white, broadly
ing straight tomentose-villous, with sparse, recurved prickles to
obovate, 4–5.5 mm and ca. as broad, pubescent, base clawed,
5 mm; petiole 3–4.5 cm, yellowish gray to rust colored to-
apex obtuse. Stamens many, slightly shorter than or nearly as
mentose-villous, with sparse, minute prickles; stipules oblong
long as petals; filaments linear, dilated toward base, glabrous or
to orbicular, 1–1.5(–2) cm, margin deeply digitately or pinnate-
with few long hairs at apex of anthers. Pistils numerous, longer
ly divided, lobes linear or linear-lanceolate, hairy; blade sub-
than stamens; ovary whitish pubescent; styles glabrous. Fruit
orbicular or broadly ovate, 6–16 × 5–14 cm, usually palmately
unknown. Fl. Jun–Aug.
5-veined, thinly leathery, abaxially yellowish gray to rust color-
ed tomentose, villous along veins, adaxially sparsely villous and ● Thickets, roadsides; low elevations. Guangxi, W Hunan (Wu-
distinctly bullate between veins, base cordate with basal inci- gang Xian).
sion to 3 or 4 cm deep, margin shallowly 5–7-lobed; lobes 118. Rubus arachnoideus Y. C. Liu & F. Y. Lu, Quart. J. Chin.
apically obtuse or acute, unevenly coarsely serrate. Inflores- Forest. 9: 129. 1976.
cences terminal, narrow cymose panicles or subracemes, 6–11
cm, sometimes flowers few in axillary clusters, rarely flowers 灰叶悬钩子 hui ye xuan gou zi
solitary; rachis and pedicels tomentose-villous, with minute re- Rubus nagasawanus Koidzumi var. arachnoideus (Y. C.
curved prickles; bracts 1–1.4 cm, pinnatifid to pinnatipartite; Liu & F. Y. Lu) S. S. Ying.
lobes linear or lanceolate. Pedicel 5–10(–15) mm. Flowers 1–
1.6 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially tomentose-villous; tube cupu- Subshrubs. Branchlets densely grayish appressed tomen-
lar; sepals broadly ovate to triangular-ovate, 6–9 × 5–8 mm, tose, with few small prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 1.5–2 cm,
apex and margin of outer sepals palmately or pinnately lacini- grayish tomentose; stipules 4–6 mm, much lacerate, grayish to-
ate, rarely undivided, inner sepals entire, shortly pointed, abax- mentose; blade ovate to broadly ovate, 5–7 × 4–6 cm, palmately
ially tomentose, intermixed villous. Petals white, suborbicular 5-veined, veins raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially,
to broadly obovate, 5–9 × 4–9 mm, base clawed. Stamens abaxially densely grayish appressed tomentose, adaxially dark
many, shorter than petals; filaments to 5 mm, broad, com- brownish, glabrous or slightly pubescent along veins, base
planate; anthers with few long hairs. Pistils numerous, longer broadly cordate, margin unevenly dentate, 3–5-lobed, terminal
than stamens; ovary and style glabrous. Aggregate fruit red, lobe 3–4 × 3–3.5 cm, lateral lobes smaller, apex obtuse or
subglobose, to 1.8 cm in diam.; pyrenes rugose. Fl. Jul–Sep. fr. acute. Inflorescences terminal, cymose panicles, much branch-
Oct–Nov. 2n = 42*. ed, to 17 × 13 cm; rachis and pedicels grayish tomentose. Pedi-
Sunny slopes, mixed forests in valleys, boggy thickets, roadsides,
cel 0.8–2 cm, bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, slightly lacerate,
rock crevices; 500–2000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, grayish tomentose. Calyx cupular, 5–6 mm in diam., abaxially
Hainan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambo- grayish tomentose; sepals triangular or triangular-ovate, 4–6 ×
dia, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thai- 2–3 mm, apex acute. Petals white, broadly obovate or obovate-
land, Vietnam]. spatulate, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, both surfaces sparsely pubescent,
The fruit are juicy and edible. The roots and leaves are used medi- base shortly clawed; torus densely villous. Stamens many; fila-
cinally. ments free or connate at base, ca. 3 mm, glabrous. Pistils gla-
brous; styles 3–4 mm. Fruit not seen. Fl. Jul–Sep(–Dec).
117. Rubus platysepalus Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 493.
1933. ● Broad-leaved forests; (300–)1500–1800 m. E Taiwan.
 ROSACEAE

No specimens have been seen by the present authors. Specimens broad at base. Pistils numerous, longer than stamens, glabrous.
under this name at HAST have been annotated by Naohiro Naruhashi as Aggregate fruit semiglobose, 8–10 mm in diam., glabrous, en-
Rubus tephrodes (Ching-I Peng, pers. comm.). closed in calyx; pyrenes rugulose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
119. Rubus yuliensis Y. C. Liu & F. Y. Lu, Quart. J. Chin. ● Mixed forests on slopes, ravines, mountainous regions; 1700–
Forest. 9(2): 135. 1976. 2500 m. W Yunnan.
玉里悬钩子 yu li xuan gou zi 1a. Leaves undivided or sometimes
undulate; bracts 8–15 mm ............. 120a. var. chrysobotrys
Shrubs. Branchlets pilose, densely prickly; prickles to 4
1b. Leaves often undulately 5-divided;
mm, slender, somewhat curved. Leaves simple; petiole 5–8 cm,
bracts to 23 mm .............................. 120b. var. lobophyllus
densely hirsute and prickly; stipules ovate to ovate-oblong, 6–
12 mm, pinnatipartite or deeply laciniate; lobes linear, 7–8 mm, 120a. Rubus chrysobotrys var. chrysobotrys
abaxially sparsely hirsute, adaxially glabrous; blade broadly
黄穗悬钩子(原变种) huang sui xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
cordate-orbicular, 5–8 × 4.5–9 cm, thinly leathery, 5-veined,
veins prominent abaxially, slightly impressed to flat adaxially, Leaves undivided or sometimes undulate. Bracts 0.8–1.5
abaxially yellowish brown, tomentose, with intermixed long cm.
hairs, adaxially nearly glabrous except hirsute along veins, base
● Mixed forests on slopes, ravines; 1700–2500 m. NW Yunnan.
broadly cordate, margin unevenly serrate, shallowly 5-lobed,
terminal lobe 1.7–3.5 × 1.5–3.5 cm, longer than lateral lobes, 120b. Rubus chrysobotrys var. lobophyllus Handel-Mazzetti,
apex obtuse to shortly acute. Inflorescences subracemes, short, Symb. Sin. 7: 495. 1933.
3–6-flowered; rachis and pedicels densely hirsute, prickly;
裂叶黄穗悬钩子 lie ye huang sui xuan gou zi
bracts orbicular-ovate, laciniate, abaxially puberulent, adaxially
glabrous. Pedicel ca. 5 mm. Calyx cupular, abaxially densely Leaves often undulately 5-divided. Bracts to 2.3 cm.
tomentose and hirsute; sepals long ovate, 5–8 mm, margin
● Mountainous regions; 2000–2400 m. SW Yunnan.
entire, apex with 1–3 bristles. Petals orbicular, ca. 5 mm, gla-
brous. Stamens many; filaments glabrous. Pistils glabrous, 121. Rubus rufus Focke, Biblioth. Bot. 17(Heft 72): 108. 1910.
styles ca. 7 mm. Fruit unknown. Fl. Jun–Jul(–Oct).
棕红悬钩子 zong hong xuan gou zi
● 1000–1400 m. E Taiwan.
Shrubs scandent, to 3 m tall. Branchlets brownish to red-
No specimens have been seen by the present authors. Specimens dish brown, cylindric, with soft hairs, brownish bristles, and
under this name at HAST have been annotated by Naohiro Naruhashi as sparse, needle-like prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 7–11 cm,
Rubus rufus (Ching-I Peng, pers. comm.). brownish, with soft hairs, brownish soft bristles, and slightly
120. Rubus chrysobotrys Handel-Mazzetti, Anz. Akad. Wiss. needle-like prickles; stipules 1.5–2 cm, palmately 5-veined,
Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 60: 183. 1923. pectinately or palmately lobed; lobes pinnately divided again
into linear or linear-lanceolate lobules, soft hairy, bristly; blade
黄穗悬钩子 huang sui xuan gou zi suborbicular, 0.9–1.5 cm in diam., abaxially brownish tomen-
tose, with intermixed reddish brown long hairs and sparse,
Shrubs 2–3 m tall. Branchlets brownish to dark brown, te-
needle-like prickles along veins, adaxially villous only along
rete, densely yellowish villous, with sparse, curved small prick-
veins, base cordate, margin 5-lobed; lobes triangular-lanceolate
les. Leaves simple; petiole 3.5–7 cm, densely yellowish villous,
or oblong-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, apex acute,
with sparse, curved minute prickles; stipules caducous, free,
terminal lobe longest, lobes near base shorter, triangular, irreg-
brown, 1–1.7 cm, villous, pinnatifid nearly to midvein, lobes
ularly sharply serrate. Inflorescences terminal, narrow panicles
linear; blade broadly ovate, 7–15 × 6–12 cm, palmately 5-vein-
or subracemes, 6–8(–10) cm, few flowered, or flowers in clus-
ed, lateral veins 2 or 3 pairs, abaxially densely yellow tomen- ters in leaf axils; rachis and pedicels with dense soft hairs,
tose, with intermixed long hairs along veins, glabrescent, with brownish bristles, and sparse, needle-like prickles; bracts to 1.5
only sparse long hairs along veins in age, adaxially villous, base cm, palmatipartite; lobes linear or linear-lanceolate, soft hairy,
cordate, margin undivided, 5-divided, or somewhat undulate, ir- bristly. Pedicel 0.7–1(–2.5) cm. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. or
regularly coarsely sharply doubly serrate, apex abruptly long more. Calyx abaxially brownish tomentose and bristly; tube
pointed or shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axil- shallowly cupular; sepals erect in fruit, broadly ovate or ovate-
lary, narrow cymose panicles or subracemes, terminal ones 12– lanceolate, 0.8–1.2 cm × 5–7 mm, apex caudate, outer sepals
26 cm, axillary ones shorter; rachis and pedicels densely yellow apically shallowly laciniate, inner sepals entire. Petals white,
villous, with sparse, minute prickles; bracts 0.8–1.5(–2.3) cm, broadly elliptic or suborbicular, 5–7 mm in diam., glabrous,
deeply lobed; lobes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, villous. Ped- base shortly clawed, apex somewhat undulate or erose. Stamens
icel 5–10 mm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially many, longer than or nearly as long as petals; filaments linear or
densely yellow villous, intermixed tomentose; sepals often erect with slightly broadened bases. Pistils 30–40, longer than sta-
in fruit, lanceolate, 1–1.2 cm × 3–6 mm, apex shortly caudate, mens; style and ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit orange-red,
outer sepals apically shallowly 2- or 3-laciniate. Petals white, with few drupelets, glabrous, enclosed in calyx; pyrenes dis-
suborbicular or obovate, 8–11 × 4–6 mm, base long clawed. tinctly rugulose. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 28*.
Stamens many, slightly shorter than petals; filaments slightly
 ROSACEAE

Forests, thickets on slopes, valleys, ravines, near water courses; brownish bristles, and sparse, minute prickles; bracts to 1.2 cm,
900–2500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, apex lobed; lobes lanceolate, soft hairy, bristly. Pedicel 5–10
Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Thailand, Vietnam]. mm. Flowers 1.2–1.7 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely
1a. Leaves deeply divided, lobes oblong- brownish tomentose and bristly; sepals narrowly lanceolate to
lanceolate or narrowly elliptic- lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 6–10 × 4–7 mm, apex acute or
lanceolate ....................................... 121c. var. palmatifidus shortly acuminate to caudate, outer sepals often laciniate above
1b. Leaves shallowly 5-divided, lobes middle; lobes linear, inner sepals entire. Petals white, suborbic-
triangular-lanceolate or triangular. ular or broadly elliptic, slightly shorter than or nearly as long as
2a. Pedicel 0.7–1 cm; flowers ca. sepals, glabrous, base shortly clawed. Stamens many, some-
1 cm in diam. ..................................... 121a. var. rufus what shorter than petals; filaments linear. Pistils slightly longer
2b. Pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm; flowers more than stamens; style and ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit red,
than 1 cm in diam. ......... 121b. var. longipedicellatus subglobose, glabrous, with many drupelets, enclosed in calyx;
pyrenes prominently rugulose. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct.
121a. Rubus rufus var. rufus
Dry slopes, rocky mountains, sparse forests, thickets; 1800–2700
棕红悬钩子(原变种) zong hong xuan gou zi (yuan bian m. S Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [Thailand, Vietnam].
zhong)
1a. Sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate,
Leaves shallowly 5-divided, lobes triangular-lanceolate or apex acute to shortly acuminate ...... 122a. var. lasiotrichos
triangular. Pedicel 7–10 mm. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. 1b. Sepals narrowly lanceolate, apex
acuminate to caudate ................................. 122b. var. blinii
Dense forests, thickets on slopes, valleys; 1000–2500 m. Guang-
dong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan 122a. Rubus lasiotrichos var. lasiotrichos
[Thailand, Vietnam].
多毛悬钩子(原变种) duo mao xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
121b. Rubus rufus var. longipedicellatus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 457. 1982. Rubus rufus Focke var. hederifolius Cardot; R. hederi-
folius (Cardot) Thuan.
长梗棕红悬钩子 chang geng zong hong xuan gou zi
Sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, apex acute to shortly
Leaves shallowly 5-divided, lobes triangular-lanceolate or acuminate.
triangular. Pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm. Flowers more than 1 cm in
diam. Dry slopes, rocky mountains, sparse forests; 1800–2700 m. Si-
chuan, Yunnan [Thailand, Vietnam].
● Forests; below 2800 m. Yunnan.
122b. Rubus lasiotrichos var. blinii (H. Léveillé) L. T. Lu,
121c. Rubus rufus var. palmatifidus Cardot, Notul. Syst.
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 281. 2000.
(Paris) 3: 304. 1914.
狭萼多毛悬钩子 xia e duo mao xuan gou zi
掌裂棕红悬钩子 zhang lie zong hong xuan gou zi
Rubus blinii H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7:
Leaves deeply lobed; lobes oblong-lanceolate or narrowly
258. 1909.
elliptic-lanceolate. Pedicel 7–10 mm. Flowers more than 1 cm
in diam. Sepals narrowly lanceolate, apex acuminate to caudate.
● Ravines in dense forests, near water courses; 900–1100 m. S ● Thickets. S Guizhou.
Guizhou.
123. Rubus pluribracteatus L. T. Lu & Boufford, nom. nov.
122. Rubus lasiotrichos Focke, Biblioth. Bot. 17(Heft 72):
109. 1910. 大乌泡 da wu pao

多毛悬钩子 duo mao xuan gou zi Replaced synonym: Rubus multibracteatus H. Léveillé &
Vaniot, Bull. Soc. Ėtud. Sci. Angers 11: 99. 1902, not Boulay
Shrubs scandent. Branchlets brownish to reddish brown, & Pierret ex Rouy & Camus (1900).
terete, with soft hairs, bristles, and curved prickles. Leaves sim-
ple; petiole 6–8(–10) cm, with soft hairs, brownish bristles, and Shrubs to 3 m tall. Branchlets brownish to purplish brown,
sparse, curved prickles; stipules caducous, free, brown, 1–1.2 × terete, stout, yellow tomentose and with sparse, curved small
0.7–1 cm, apex pectinately lobed, lobes lanceolate, soft hairy, prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 3–6 cm, densely yellow tomen-
bristly; blade suborbicular, 9–14 cm in diam., palmately 5-vein- tose, with sparse, minute prickles; stipules broadly elliptic to
ed, abaxially densely brownish tomentose, with intermixed long broadly obovate, 1–1.8 cm, apex pectinately lobed; lobes undi-
hairs and sparse, curved small prickles along veins, adaxially vided, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, tomentose-villous; blade
villous along veins, base cordate, margin 5-lobed; lobes broadly suborbicular, 7–16 cm in diam., 5-veined, veins prominent
triangular to triangular-lanceolate, terminal lobe larger, apex abaxially, abaxially densely yellowish gray or yellow tometose,
acute to acuminate, irregularly sharply serrate. Inflorescences villous along veins, adaxially soft hairy, densely bullate, base
few flowered, clusters in leaf axils, or terminal and short sub- cordate, margin 7–9-lobed, terminal lobe obtuse or subtruncate,
racemes, to 6–9 cm; rachis and pedicels with dense soft hairs, inconspicuously 3-lobed, unevenly coarsely serrate, apex ob-
 ROSACEAE

tuse or acute. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, terminal ed; lobes divided again, with lanceolate lobules, tomentose, soft
ones narrow cymose panicles or subracemes, 7–14 cm, axillary hairy; blade broadly ovate to suborbicular, 12–20 × 10–18 cm,
ones racemes or flowers few in clusters in leaf axils; rachis and palmately 5-veined, lateral veins 5–7 pairs, prominent abax-
pedicels densely yellow or yellowish white sericeous-villous; ially, abaxially densely yellowish gray tomentose, with long
bracts similar to stipules in shape, 1–1.5 cm, palmately lacini- hairs along veins, adaxially pilose, densely so along veins, base
ate; lobes lanceolate. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm, rarely longer. Flowers cordate, margin distinctly 5-lobed, lobes apically acute or ± ob-
1.5–2.5 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely yellow or yellow- tuse, unevenly densely serrate. Inflorescences terminal and axil-
ish white sericeous-villous; tube broadly pelviform; sepals erect lary, terminal ones narrow cymose panicles or subracemes,
in fruit, broadly ovate, 0.9–1.5(–2.4) cm × 4–7 mm, margin axillary ones subracemes or flowers in clusters in leaf axils;
sometimes slightly tomentose, apex acuminate; outer sepals rachis and pedicels densely gray or yellowish brown tomentose
larger, palmately to pinnately divided, rarely undivided, inner and villous; proximal bracts subflabellate, those on pedicel
sepals narrower, not or occasionally lobed. Petals white, obo- elliptic, margin entire or apically divided, thinly tomentose, soft
vate or spatulate, 0.8–1.4 cm × 5–8 mm, glabrous, base clawed. hairy. Pedicel 1.5–3(–4) cm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Calyx
Stamens many; filaments broad, complanate; anthers with few densely tomentose and villous; sepals broadly ovate, 4.5–5 mm,
long hairs. Pistils numerous, longer than stamens; ovary gla- about as broad as long, margin entire or slightly lobed, apex
brous. Aggregate fruit red, globose, to 2 cm in diam.; pyrenes acuminate. Petals white or yellowish white, obovate to suborb-
prominently rugose. Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. icular, ca. 5 mm, about as broad as long. Stamens many, gla-
brous; filaments linear. Pistils numerous; style and ovary gla-
Slopes, river valleys, roadsides, forests, forest margins; 300–2700 brous. Aggregate fruit red, globose, 1–1.5 cm in diam. Fl. Jul–
m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan [Cambodia, Laos, Thai-
Aug, fr. Sep–Oct.
land, Vietnam].
Broad-leaved evergreen forests in montane valleys, ravines,
1a. Sepals to 1.5 cm, palmately to thickets on slopes; 600–2100 m. SE Xizang [NW India, Nepal, Sikkim].
pinnately divided, lobes usually
undivided ................................... 123a. var. pluribracteatus 125. Rubus setchuenensis Bureau & Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot)
1b. Sepals to 2.4 cm, palmatipartite 5: 46. 1891.
above middle, lanceolate lobes 川莓 chuan mei
divided again ................................ 123b. var. lobatisepalus
Rubus cavaleriei H. Léveillé & Vaniot; R. clemens Focke;
123a. Rubus pluribracteatus var. pluribracteatus R. lyi H. Léveillé; R. omeiensis Rolfe; R. pacatus Focke; R. pa-
大乌泡(原变种) da wu pao (yuan bian zhong) catus var. alypus Focke; R. setchuenensis var. omeiensis (Rolfe)
Handel-Mazzetti; R. singulifolius Focke.
Rubus andropogon H. Léveillé; R. clinocephalus Focke;
R. major Focke; R. mallodes Focke. Shrubs 2–5 m tall. Branchlets yellowish brown when
young, brown or reddish brown in age, terete, densely yellow-
Sepals to 1.5 cm, palmately to pinnately lobed; lobes usu- ish tomentose-villous, gradually glabrescent, unarmed. Leaves
ally undivided. simple; petiole 5–7 cm, yellowish tomentose-villous, often un-
Slopes, river valleys, roadsides, forests; 300–2700 m. Guangdong, armed; stipules caducous, free, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, rarely
Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan [Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam]. narrowly ovate, 7–11 mm and nearly as broad, tomentose-
villous, apex palmately laciniate; blade suborbicular or broadly
123b. Rubus pluribracteatus var. lobatisepalus (T. T. Yu & ovate, 7–15 cm in diam., palmately 5-veined, lateral veins 2 or
L. T. Lu) L. T. Lu & Boufford, comb. nov. 3 pairs, raised abaxially, abaxially densely gray tomentose,
sometimes hairs gradually deciduous, adaxially scabrous, gla-
裂萼大乌泡 lie e da wu pao
brous or soft hairy along veins, base cordate, margin 5–7-lobed;
Basionym: Rubus multibracteatus H. Léveillé & Vaniot lobes shallowly divided again, apex obtuse, rarely acute, un-
var. lobatisepalus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: evenly shallowly obtusely dentate. Inflorescences terminal or
458. 1982. axillary, narrow cymose panicles, 8–14 cm, to 20 cm in fruit,
axillary inflorescences smaller, sometimes flowers few in clus-
Sepals to 2.4 cm, palmatipartite above middle; lobes lan- ters in leaf axils; rachis and pedicels densely yellowish tomen-
ceolate, divided again. tose-villous; bracts similar to stipules in shape, 5–9 × 3–5 mm,
● Forest margins; below 2500 m. W Yunnan. tomentose-villous, apex palmate-laciniate. Pedicel ca. 1 cm.
Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially yellowish tomen-
124. Rubus reticulatus Wallich ex J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India tose, intermixed soft hairy; sepals erect in fruit, rarely reflexed,
2: 331. 1878. ovate-lanceolate, margin entire or outer sepals shallowly lacini-
网脉悬钩子 wang mai xuan gou zi ate apically, apex caudate. Petals purplish red, obovate or sub-
orbicular, 4–6 mm in diam., much shorter than sepals, glabrous,
Shrubs scandent, to 1 cm tall. Branchlets brown, gray to base clawed. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments line-
yellowish gray tomentose, with soft hairs and sparse, curved ar, glabrous. Pistils longer than stamens; style and ovary gla-
minute prickles, rarely unarmed. Leaves simple; petiole 4–9 brous. Aggregate fruit black, semiglobose, ca. 1 cm in
cm, gray to yellowish gray tomentose, with soft hairs and diam., glabrous, often enclosed in persistent calyx; pyrenes
sparse, minute prickles; stipules subflabellate, pectinately lob- small, smooth. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 28*.
 ROSACEAE

● Slopes, roadsides, forest margins, thickets; 500–3000 m. ish brown villous and tomentose; tube cupular; sepals triangular
Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan. to ovate, 6–9 × 4–6 mm, margin entire or outer sepals apically
This species often forms dense, impenetrable thickets on deforest- lobed or with few teeth, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Petals
ed slopes. white, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 5–8 × 4–7 mm, abaxially
glabrous or with few hairs, base clawed, margin sometimes
126. Rubus faberi Focke, Biblioth. Bot. 17(Heft 72): 53. 1910. erose. Stamens many, shorter than sepals; filaments 3–4 mm,
峨眉悬钩子 e mei xuan gou zi linear, with few long hairs at apex of anthers. Pistils shorter
than stamens; ovary with few hairs. Aggregate fruit red, glo-
Shrubs. Branchlets brown to purplish brown, terete, dense- bose or broadly ovoid, 8–10 mm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Jun–Jul,
ly tomentose-villous, usually unarmed. Leaves simple; petiole fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 28*.
4–9 cm, tomentose, unarmed or with few small prickles; stip-
● Dry places, rocks, stream sides, sparse forests in valleys; low to
ules caducous, free; blade broadly ovate, rarely suborbicular,
high elevations. Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan.
10–18 × 8–17 cm, palmately 5-veined, lateral veins 3 or 4 pairs,
prominent abaxially, leathery, abaxially densely yellowish to- 128. Rubus pinnatisepalus Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29.
mentose, soft hairy along veins, adaxially scabrous, glabrous, 305. 1892.
base cordate, margin 7–11-lobed; lobes triangular, margin irreg-
ularly sharply serrate, apex acute. Inflorescences terminal and 羽萼悬钩子 yu e xuan gou zi
axillary, cymose panicles, axillary ones smaller; rachis and ped- Shrubs lianoid, to 2 m tall, stoloniferous. Branchlets
icels densely yellowish tomentose-villous; bracts caducous, nar- brown to purplish brown, tomentose-villous, with curved mi-
rowly obovate, tomentose-villous, palmatipartite above middle, nute prickles, sometimes with glandular hairs. Leaves simple;
lobes lanceolate. Pedicel ca. 1 cm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. petiole 3–7 cm, tomentose-villous, with minute prickles; stip-
Calyx abaxially densely yellowish tomentose and soft hairy; se- ules broadly flabellate, 1–1.5(–2) cm, membranous, pectinately
pals erect after anthesis, broadly ovate, apex acute, margins of or palmately parted nearly to base; lobes lanceolate or linear,
outer sepals often pinnately laciniate; lobes linear. Petals white, villous; blade orbicular to broadly ovate, 7–14 cm in diam., 5-
narrowly obovate, slightly longer than or nearly as long as se- veined, veins distinctly raised abaxially, slightly impressed
pals, glabrous, base clawed. Stamens many; filaments broader adaxially, papery, abaxially densely gray tomentose and villous,
toward base, glabrous. Pistils glabrous. Aggregate fruit red, sub- with minute needle-like prickles along veins, adaxially promi-
globose, 0.8–1.2 cm in diam., glabrous, enclosed in persistent nently rugose, sparsely villous, base cordate, margin 5–7-lobed;
calyx; pyrenes conspicuously rugulose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug– lobes irregularly coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex obtuse
Sep. or acute. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, short subracemes,
● Mountains; low to medium elevations. W Sichuan. 3–5 cm, 1- or few flowered, or flowers several in clusters in leaf
axils; rachis and pedicels gray or yellowish tomentose-villous;
127. Rubus formosensis Kuntze, Meth. Sp.-Beschr. Rubus, 73.
bracts narrower than stipules, 1–1.5 cm, villous, deeply divided
1879.
similar to stipules; lobes linear to lanceolate. Pedicel 7–10(–15)
台湾悬钩子 tai wan xuan gou zi mm. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm in diam. Calyx gray or yellowish to-
mentose and villous; sepals narrowly ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
Rubus formosanus Maximowicz ex Focke; R. nantoensis
unequal in length, longer sepals to 1.5 cm, shorter sepals 6–8
Hayata; R. randaiensis Hayata; R. rubribracteatus F. P. Met-
mm, apex acuminate; outer sepals pinnatipartite, lobes lanceo-
calf; R. rugosissimus Hayata.
late, inner sepals entire, occasionally with minute glandular
Shrubs erect or somewhat scrambling. Branchlets terete, hairs. Petals white, broadly obovate or suborbicular, 5–7 mm in
densely yellowish brown tomentose-villous, unarmed or with diam., shorter than sepals, base broadly clawed. Stamens many,
sparse, curved minute prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 3–5 mm, shorter than petals; filaments broadened, flattened, soft hairy.
densely yellowish brown tomentose villous, usually unarmed; Pistils many, slightly shorter than or nearly as long as stamens;
stipules free, brownish, broadly ovate to oblong, 1–1.5(–2) × ovary glabrous or slightly soft hairy. Aggregate fruit red, sub-
0.6–1(–1.5) cm, margin entire to pinnatipartite or palmatipar- globose, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct.
tite; lobes linear or linear-lanceolate, slightly tomentose-villous;
blade broadly ovate or suborbicular, 6–12 × 7–13 cm, 5-veined, ● Stream sides, roadsides, mixed forests, moist slopes, thickets in
ravines; 1500–3100 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan.
reticulate veins raised and prominent abaxially, impressed
adaxially, abaxially yellowish gray tomentose, soft hairy along 1a. Branchlets, petioles, and abaxial
veins, adaxially rugose, soft hairy when young, base cordate, surface of calyx often without
margin 3–5-lobed; lobes ovate-triangular, terminal one largest, glandular hairs ............................ 128a. var. pinnatisepalus
margin unevenly coarsely serrate, apex acute, rarely obtuse. 1b. Branchlets, petioles, and abaxial
Inflorescences terminal, short subracemes, 3–5 cm, several surface of calyx with dense,
flowered, or flowers solitary in leaf axils; rachis and pedicels unequal glandular hairs .................. 128b. var. glandulosus
densely yellow brown tomentose-villous; bracts reddish brown,
broadly ovate to oblong, 8–11(–15) × 6–9(–12) mm, often pal- 128a. Rubus pinnatisepalus var. pinnatisepalus
matipartite or pinnatipartite; lobes linear or linear-lanceolate,
slightly hairy. Pedicel 3–4 mm, rarely longer. Flowers ca. 1.5 羽萼悬钩子(原变种) yu e xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
cm in diam. or slightly longer. Calyx abaxially densely yellow- Rubus acuarius Focke; R. calycacanthus H. Léveillé var.
 ROSACEAE

buergerifolius H. Léveillé; R. darrisii H. Léveillé; R. laciniato- Rubus bodinieri H. Léveillé & Vaniot; R. buergeri var.
stipulatus Hayata ex Koidzumi. pseudobuergeri (Sasaki) Y. C. Liu & Yang; R. pseudobuergeri
Sasaki; R. shimadae Hayata.
Branchlets, petioles, and abaxial surface of calyx usually
without glandular hairs. Shrubs erect to creeping. Stems often rooting at nodes;
stolons to 2 m, brownish to reddish brown, stolons and flow-
● Stream sides, roadsides, mixed forests; below 3000 m. Guizhou,
Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan.
ering branchlets densely tomentose-villous, unarmed or with
sparse, minute prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 4–9 cm, densely
128b. Rubus pinnatisepalus var. glandulosus T. T. Yu & L. tomentose-villous, sometimes with sparse prickles; stipules cad-
T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 458. 1982. ucous, free, 7–10 mm, palmatipartite or pinnatipartite, lobes
linear or linear-lanceolate, soft hairy; blade ovate to subor-
密腺羽萼悬钩子 mi xian yu e xuan gou zi
bicular, 5–11 cm in diam., palmately 5-veined, lateral veins 2 or
Branchlets, petioles, and abaxial surface of calyx with 3 pairs, prominently raised abaxially, abaxially densely tomen-
dense, unequal long glandular hairs. tose, with soft hairs along veins when young, hairs deciduous in
age, adaxially slightly soft hairy or only hairy along veins, base
● Moist slopes, thickets in ravines; 1500–3100 m. Sichuan, Yun-
nan.
cordate, margin 5–7-lobed, lobes unevenly sharply serrate, apex
obtuse, rarely acute. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, short
129. Rubus hunanensis Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 497. subracemes, 4–6 cm, few flowered, or flowers several in clus-
1933. ters in leaf axils; rachis and pedicels densely tomentose-villous,
with sparse prickles or not; bracts 7–9 mm, palmatipartite or
湖南悬钩子 hu nan xuan gou zi
pinnatipartite; lobes linear, villous. Pedicel 5–9 mm. Flowers 6–
Rubus buergeri Miquel var. viridifolius Handel-Mazzetti. 10 mm in diam. Calyx abaxially yellowish villous and tomen-
tose; sepals erect in fruit, rarely reflexed, lanceolate or ovate-
Shrubs climbing, 0.3–2 m tall. Branchlets slender, densely
lanceolate, 5–9 × 3–5 mm, apex acuminate; outer sepals often
thinly pubescent, with sparse, curved minute prickles. Leaves lobed apically, inner sepals entire. Petals white, obovate, nearly
simple; petiole 6–9 cm, densely thinly pubescent, with sparse, as long as or slightly longer than sepals, glabrous, apex erose.
curved minute prickles; stipules free, brown, to 1 cm, stipules Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments linear, glabrous.
caducous or partly persistent, on sterile branchlets to 1.8 cm, Pistils glabrous, longer than stamens. Aggregate fruit purplish
nearly palmately or pinnately lobed, lobes linear, thinly pubes- black, subglobose, 6–10 mm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes
cent; blade suborbicular or broadly ovate, 8–13 cm in diam., coarsely rugose. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 42*, 56*.
palmately 5-veined, lateral veins 2 or 3 pairs, raised abaxially,
Broad-leaved forests, mixed forests in mountainous regions; low
abaxially tomentose, intermixed thinly pubescent, hairs gradu-
to medium elevations. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou,
ally deciduous, adaxially thinly pubescent when young, both Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang
surfaces subglabrescent, base deeply cordate, margin 5–7- [Japan, Korea].
lobed; lobes unevenly sharply serrate, apex acute, rarely obtuse.
Inflorescences terminal, short subracemes, or several flowers in 131. Rubus penduliflorus C. Y. Wu ex T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
leaf axils; rachis and pedicels densely gray thinly pubescent; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 458. 1982.
bracts similar to stipules, but smaller. Pedicel 5–10 mm. Flow- 河口悬钩子 he kou xuan gou zi
ers 7–10 mm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely gray to yellow-
Shrubs erect or climbing, to 3 m tall. Branchlets brown or
ish gray pubescent and tomentose; sepals erect after anthesis,
reddish brown, yellow sericeous-villous, gradually glabrescent,
broadly ovate, 6–8 × 4–7 mm, apex acute to shortly acuminate;
with sparse, curved minute prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 2–3
outer sepals larger, pinnately laciniate, lobes linear-lanceolate,
cm, densely yellow sericeous-villous, with sparse, curved prick-
inner sepals smaller, usually undivided. Petals white, obovate,
les; stipules caducous, broadly ovate to oblong, 6–8 mm, abax-
glabrous. Stamens shorter; filaments linear, glabrous. Pistils
ially yellow sericeous-villous, laciniate, lobes lanceolate; blade
nearly as long as stamens, glabrous. Aggregate fruit yellowish
narrowly ovate, rarely elliptic, 10–13 × 6–8 cm, lateral veins 8–
red, semiglobose, glabrous, enclosed in persistent calyx; pyre- 10 pairs, raised abaxially, abaxially densely rusty yellow to-
nes rugulose. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct. mentose, with long silky rusty yellow hairs along veins, adax-
● Montane valleys, forests, grasslands; 300–2500 m. Fujian, ially glabrous, base rounded, margin undivided, sparsely shal-
Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Tai- lowly sharply serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal
wan, Zhejiang. and axillary, terminal ones cymose panicles, loose, 10–18 cm,
Further study is required to determine the identity of Rubus many flowered, axillary ones subracemes, shorter; rachis and
pseudoacer Makino var. flexuosus Y. C. Liu & F. Y. Lu (Quart. J. Chin. pedicels rusty yellow sericeous-villous, with sparse, minute
Forest. 9(2): 133. 1976; R. pseudoacer subsp. flexuosus (T. S. Liu & F. prickles; bracts broadly ovate to oblong, 5–7 mm, yellow
Y. Lu) H. Ohashi & C. F. Hsieh), described from Taiwan, which might sericeous-villous, margin laciniate; lobes lanceolate. Pedicel not
be synonymous with R. hunanensis. more than 1 cm. Flowers 1–1.4 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially
densely rusty yellow sericeous-villous; sepals erect after anthe-
130. Rubus buergeri Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi
sis, narrowly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 6–8 × 4–5 mm, apex
3: 36. 1867.
acute, outer sepals divided, inner sepals entire, margin tomen-
寒莓 han mei tose. Petals white, suborbicular to broadly obovate, shorter than
 ROSACEAE

sepals, base shortly clawed. Stamens many; filaments linear; obovate or suborbicular, shorter than sepals, glabrous, base
anthers villous. Pistils numerous, longer than stamens, glabrous. shortly clawed, apex premorse. Stamens often short, rarely
Fruit unknown. Fl. Jun–Jul. nearly as long as petals; filaments linear. Pistils numerous,
longer than stamens; ovary glabrous. Fruit unknown. Fl. Jul–
● Slopes, sunny valleys, roadsides, thickets, waste places; low ele-
vations. S Yunnan.
Aug.
● Forest margins; 1300–2000 m. NW and S Yunnan.
132. Rubus malipoensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax.
Sin. 20: 459. 1982. 134. Rubus shihae F. P. Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. J. 19: 31. 1940.
麻栗坡悬钩子 ma li po xuan gou zi 桂滇悬钩子 gui dian xuan gou zi
Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branchlets dark brown to purplish Rubus liboensis T. L. Xu.
brown, sparsely pubescent when young, glabrescent, with
sparse, curved small prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 2.5–4 cm, Shrubs scandent, to 5 m tall. Branchlets brown or reddish
sparsely pubescent, with minute prickles; stipules caducous, brown, terete, soft hairy when young, glabrescent, with sparse,
free, narrowly obovate, yellowish villous, apex palmatipartite, curved minute prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 2–4 cm, villous
lobes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate; blade ovate, 6–11 × 3–6 when young, glabrescent, with sparse, minute prickles; stipules
cm, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, raised abaxially, slightly impress- caducous, free, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 6–9 mm, yellow to-
ed adaxially, abaxially densely rusty yellow tomentose, with mentose-villous, apex palmately lobed, lobes lanceolate; blade
long hairs along veins, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate to ovate to broadly ovate, rarely suborbicular, 8–11 × 5–9 cm, lat-
rounded, margin undivided, sharply serrulate, apex caudate. In- eral veins 4–6 pairs, raised abaxially, abaxially densely rusty
florescences terminal and axillary, short subracemes, to 8 cm, yellow tomentose, with long hairs along veins, adaxially gla-
few flowered, sometimes flowers several in clusters or flowers brous, base truncate to shallowly cordate, margin undulate or
solitary in leaf axils; rachis and pedicels yellowish villous; slightly lobed, irregularly coarsely abruptly pointed-serrate,
bracts narrowly obovate or broadly obovate, palmatipartite api- apex acute to shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal and
cally; lobes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm. axillary, short subracemes, loose, few flowered, sometimes
Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially yellow-villous; se- flowers several in clusters in leaf axils or solitary; rachis and
pals erect in fruit, lanceolate, 7–8 × 3–4 mm, margin entire or pedicels densely yellow tomentose-villous; bracts broadly obo-
outer sepals laciniate, tomentose, apex acuminate. Petals subor- vate to oblong, 5–8 mm, yellow tomentose-villous, apex pal-
bicular, much shorter than sepals, glabrous, base shortly claw- mately lobed; lobes lanceolate. Pedicel 3–7 mm. Flowers 6–9
ed. Stamens slightly shorter than or nearly as long as petals; mm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely yellow sericeous-villous;
filaments broad, complanate. Pistils 10–20 or slightly more, sepals erect in fruit, lanceolate, 5–8 × 2.5–4 mm, margin to-
glabrous; styles much longer than stamens. Aggregate fruit mentose, apex acuminate; outer sepals apically often lobed,
small, with few drupelets, enclosed in persistent calyx; pyrenes inner sepals entire. Petals suborbicular or obovate, 4–6 × 3.5–5
prominently rugose. Fl. Jul–Sep. fr. Oct–Dec. mm, shorter than sepals, puberulous, base shortly clawed, apex
incised. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments broader
● Foothills, rocky mountains, forest clearings; 1100–1500 m. SE toward base. Pistils longer than stamens; ovary and style gla-
Yunnan.
brous. Aggregate fruit red, glabrous, with few drupelets, enclos-
133. Rubus fuscifolius T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. ed in persistent calyx; pyrenes shallowly rugose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr.
Sin. 20: 459. 1982. Aug–Sep.
锈叶悬钩子 xiu ye xuan gou zi ● Forests, hills, montane valleys; below 900 m. W Guangxi, S
Guizhou, Yunnan.
Shrubs more than 1 m tall. Branchlets brownish to dark
brown, terete, densely rust colored tomentose, with sparse, mi- 135. Rubus reflexus Ker Gawler, Bot. Reg. 6: 461. 1820.
nute prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 4–6.5 cm, densely rust- 锈毛莓 xiu mao mei
brown tomentose, with sparse, minute prickles; stipules free,
oblong-lanceolate, to 1.5 cm, densely rust-brown tomentose, Shrubs scandent, to 2 m tall. Branchlets brown to dark red-
margin pinnately laciniate; lobes linear or linear-lanceolate; dish brown, rust colored tomentose, with sparse, minute prick-
blade broadly ovate, 12–20 × 8–16 cm, thick, lateral veins 4 or les. Leaves simple; petiole 2.5–5 cm, tomentose-villous, with
5 pairs, prominently raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, sparse, minute prickles; stipules broadly obovate, 1–1.4(–2.5) ×
abaxially rust-brown tomentose, adaxially so only along veins, 0.9–1.3 cm, villous, margin pectinately or irregularly palmately
base cordate, margin unevenly sharply doubly serrate, apex lobed, lobes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate; blade narrowly or
acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, cymose-sub- broadly ovate to suborbicular, 7–14(–20) × 5–11(–19) cm,
paniculate, compact, many flowered, terminal ones 5–10 cm, abaxially rust colored tomentose, with long hairs along veins,
axillary ones 4–6 cm; rachis, pedicels, and abaxial surface of adaxially glabrous or sparsely soft hairy along veins, promi-
calyx densely rust-brown tomentose; bracts 1.3–1.5 cm, to- nently rugose, base cordate, margin 3–5(–7)-lobed or -parted;
mentose, margin laciniate or undivided. Pedicel ca. 1 cm. Flow- terminal lobe longer, larger, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
ers 7–10 mm in diam. Sepals erect after anthesis, ovate to much longer than or nearly as long as lateral lobes, margin un-
ovate-lanceolate, 5–8 mm, apex acute to acuminate; outer se- evenly coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex obtuse or acute.
pals usually divided apically, inner sepals entire. Petals broadly Inflorescences terminal, short subracemes, 5–8 cm, or flowers
 ROSACEAE

several in clusters in leaf axils; rachis and pedicels rusty villous; ● Mountainous regions, forests in valleys; low elevations. Guang-
bracts obovate, 6–12 × 7–11 mm, villous, pectinately or pal- xi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi.
mately lobed; lobes linear or linear-lanceolate. Pedicel 3–6 mm. 135c. Rubus reflexus var. hui (Diels ex Hu) F. P. Metcalf,
Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely rusty vil- Lingnan Sci. J. 11: 6. 1932.
lous; sepals ovate-orbicular or ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 6–
8 × 4–7 mm, outer sepals apically often palmately lobed; lobes 浅裂锈毛莓 qian lie xiu mao mei
lanceolate, inner sepals entire, margin tomentose. Petals white,
Rubus hui Diels ex Hu, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China
oblong to suborbicular, nearly as long as sepals, glabrous, base
7: 608. 1922; R. axilliflorens Cardot; R. gilvus Focke.
shortly clawed. Stamens shorter than petals; filaments broad,
complanate; anthers glabrous or apically hairy. Pistils longer Leaf blade 8–13 × 7–12 cm, margin 3–5-lobed. 2n = 42*.
than stamens, glabrous. Aggregate fruit dark red, subglobose,
● Thickets on slopes, moist places in sparse forests, stream sides
7–10 mm in diam.; pyrenes rugose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. in montane valleys; 300–1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Gui-
● Mountainous regions, slopes, sparse forests, thickets, valleys, zhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
stream sides, moist places, near water courses; 300–1500 m. Fujian,
135d. Rubus reflexus var. macrophyllus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yun-
nan, Zhejiang.
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 460. 1982.

1a. Leaf blade narrowly ovate, margin lobed 大叶锈毛莓 da ye xiu mao mei
or slightly undulate, terminal lobe much Leaf blade 14–20 × 12–19 cm, margin 3–5-lobed.
longer than lateral lobes.
● Montane valleys; below 1300 m. SE Yunnan (Pingbian Xian).
2a. Leaf blade prominently lobed;
stipules and bracts to 1.4 cm; 135e. Rubus reflexus var. lanceolobus F. P. Metcalf, Lingnan
sepals ovate-orbicular ................... 135a. var. reflexus Sci. J. 11: 7. 1932.
2b. Leaf blade slightly undulate or
深裂悬钩子 shen lie xuan gou zi
inconspicuously lobed; stipules
and bracts to 2.5 cm; sepals Leaf blade 5–7-lobed, lobes lanceolate or oblong-lanceo-
lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate .... 135b. var. orogenes late.
1b. Leaf blade broadly ovate to suborbicular,
● Valleys, near water courses, sparse forests; low elevations. Fu-
margin prominently lobed to parted, jian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan.
terminal lobe only slightly longer
than or nearly as long as lateral lobes. 136. Rubus flagelliflorus Focke, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 393.
3a. Leaf blade 5–7-parted, 1900.
segments lanceolate to 攀枝莓 pan zhi mei
oblong-lanceolate ................... 135e. var. lanceolobus
3b. Leaf blade 3–5-lobed. Rubus maschalanthus Cardot.
4a. Leaf blade 8–13 × 7–12 cm ......... 135c. var. hui Shrubs scandent or creeping. Branchlets brown or reddish
4b. Leaf blade 14–20 × brown, densely gray tomentose when young, glabrescent, with
12–19 cm ..................... 135d. var. macrophyllus sparse, curved minute prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 3–6 cm,
135a. Rubus reflexus var. reflexus densely gray tomentose when young, glabrescent, with sparse,
curved minute prickles; stipules caducous, free, brown, 7–12
锈毛莓(原变种) xiu mao mei (yuan bian zhong) mm, yellow tomentose-villous, apex palmately lobed, lobes
lanceolate; blade ovate or narrowly ovate, 7–15 × 5–9 cm, pal-
Rubus esquirolii H. Léveillé.
mately 5-veined, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, raised abaxially,
Leaf blade prominently lobed; stipules and bracts to 1.4 papery, abaxially densely rusty yellow tomentose, adaxially
cm. Sepals ovate-orbicular. glabrous, base deeply cordate, margin often undivided or slight-
ly undulate, unevenly obtusely serrate, apex acute to shortly
● Slopes, thickets in valleys, sparse forests; 300–1000 m. Fujian, acuminate. Inflorescences short racemes, 2.5–5 cm, few flower-
Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
ed, or flowers several in clusters; rachis and pedicels densely
135b. Rubus reflexus var. orogenes Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. yellow tomentose-villous; bracts brown, 6–11 mm, tomentose-
Sin. 7: 496. 1933. villous, palmately divided apically; lobes lanceolate. Pedicel 1–
2 cm. Flowers 1–1.2 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely yel-
长叶锈毛莓 chang ye xiu mao mei low tomentose-villous; tube cupular; sepals reflexed after an-
thesis, ovate-lanceolate, 5–8 × 3–5 mm, apex shortly acuminate
Rubus irenaeus Focke var. orogenes (Handel-Mazzetti) F.
to acuminate; outer sepals broader than inner sepals, margin 2-
P. Metcalf.
or 3-lobed, inner sepals with entire margin. Petals white, subor-
Leaf blade slightly undulate or inconspicuously lobed; bicular, much shorter than sepals, basally puberulous. Stamens
stipules and bracts to 2.5 cm. Sepals lanceolate to ovate-lan- many, glabrous or slightly pilose; filaments somewhat longer
ceolate. than petals, apex subulate; anthers glabrous. Pistils slightly
 ROSACEAE

longer than stamens; styles and ovaries often glabrous. Aggre- ones narrow cymose panicles, 8–14 cm, axillary ones sub-
gate fruit black at maturity, semiglobose, 1–1.3 cm in diam., racemes, shorter; rachis and pedicels yellow glandular, thinly
glabrous; pyrenes smooth or slightly rugose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. soft hairy; bracts lanceolate or linear, margin entire or divided.
Jul–Aug. Pedicel ca. 1 cm. Flowers 6–8 mm in diam. Calyx abaxially
● Waste places on hills, rock cliffs, slopes, valleys; 900–1500 m. subglabrous, yellow glandular; sepals triangular-ovate, 4–6 ×
Fujian, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan (Lan Yu). 1.5–3 mm, margin entire, apex acuminate to shortly caudate.
Petals greenish, oblong, shorter than sepals, apex obtuse. Sta-
137. Rubus hastifolius H. Léveillé & Vaniot, Bull. Soc. Bot.
mens numerous, shorter than petals; filaments broad, com-
France 51: 218. 1904.
planate, glabrous. Pistils ca. 15–20, shorter than or nearly as
戟叶悬钩子 ji ye xuan gou zi long as stamens; ovary and style glabrous. Fruit unknown. Fl.
Rubus rufolanatus H. T. Chang. Jun–Jul.
● Dense forests; ca. 1700 m. NW Yunnan.
Shrubs evergreen, scandent, to 12 m tall. Branches grayish
brown, terete, long flagelliform; branchlets brownish, densely 139. Rubus pirifolius Smith, Pl. Icon. Ined. 3: t. 61. 1791.
gray tomentose, glabrescent, with sparse, short prickles; petiole
梨叶悬钩子 li ye xuan gou zi
2–5 mm, densely tomentose, unarmed or occasionally with
minute prickles; stipules caducous, free, oblong, 6–9 mm, pal- Shrubs climbing, to 8 m tall. Branches grayish brown to
matipartite nearly to base, lobes linear-lanceolate, soft hairy; dark purplish brown, terete; branchlets brown or reddish brown,
blade oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 6–12 × 2.5–4 cm, soft hairy, glabrescent, with few complanate curved prickles.
lateral veins 5–8 pairs, prominent abaxially, subleathery, abax- Leaves simple; petiole to 1 cm, hairy, with sparse prickles;
ially densely reddish brown tomentose, adaxially dark green, stipules caducous, free, linear-lanceolate, 7–8 mm, hairy, apex
glabrous, base deeply cordate, margin usually with 2 distinct laciniate into 3–5 lobes; blade ovate, ovate-oblong, or elliptic-
lobes near base; lobes serrulate, apex obtuse or acute. Inflores- oblong, 6–11 × 3.5–5.5 cm, venation pinnate, lateral veins 5–8
cences terminal or axillary, short racemes or corymbose, 3–5 pairs, prominent abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, papery,
cm, 3–8-flowered; rachis and pedicels densely reddish brown both surfaces nearly glabrous except densely hairy along mid-
sericeous-villous; bracts caducous, oblong, 5–8 mm, soft hairy, vein and lateral veins, hairs deciduous in age, base rounded or
palmatipartite nearly to base, but bracts apically on inflores- shallowly cordate, margin unevenly coarsely serrate, apex acute
cences often shorter, divided into 2 or 3 linear lobes. Pedicel to acuminate. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, terminal
0.8–1.5 cm. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially ones cymose panicles, 10–14 cm, axillary ones panicles or sub-
densely reddish brown sericeous-villous; tube pelviform; sepals racemes, smaller; rachis and pedicels densely grayish yellow
reflexed after anthesis, ovate-lanceolate, 5–8 × 3–6 mm, margin pubescent or subglabrous, unarmed or with few small prickles;
undivided or outer sepals apically shallowly laciniate, apex bracts early caducous, linear-lanceolate, 6–7 mm, hairy, apex
shortly acuminate or acute. Petals white, obovate, ca. 5 mm, divided into 3 or 4 lobes. Pedicel 4–12 mm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm
glabrous, base shortly clawed. Stamens many in 2 or 3 whorls, in diam. Calyx abaxially pubescent or subglabrous; tube shal-
shorter than petals; filaments broad, complanate, glabrous; an- lowly cupular; sepals triangular-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
thers yellowish, slightly sericeous-villous. Pistils nearly as long 6–8 × 2–3.5 mm, margin entire or apically 2- or 3-laciniate.
as or slightly longer than stamens; styles sparsely sericeous- Petals white, elliptic to obovate, 3–5(–7) mm, shorter than se-
villous; ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit red when immature, pals, glabrous. Stamens many, slightly longer than petals; fila-
purplish black at maturity, subglobose, slightly compressed, 1– ments linear. Pistils 5–10(–17); ovary often with many long
1.2 cm in diam., glabrous, fleshy; pyrenes shallowly foveolate. hairs abaxially, rarely glabrous; styles to 6(–8) mm, glabrous,
Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Jul. rarely with some hairs basally. Aggregate fruit red, 1–1.5 cm in
Shaded slopes, ravines, sparse forests, thickets; 300–1500 m. diam., with several drupelets, usually glabrous; drupelets 4–6 ×
Guangdong, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan [Thailand, Vietnam]. 3–5 mm; pyrenes rugose. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 42*.
This species is commonly used medicinally in N Guangdong. Mountainous regions, sheltered sites on mountains, forests, forest
margins, stream sides; below 2100 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi,
138. Rubus taronensis C. Y. Wu ex T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta
Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, In-
Phytotax. Sin. 20: 308. 1982. donesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
独龙悬钩子 du long xuan gou zi This species is used medicinally.
Shrubs scandent. Branchlets grayish brown or brown, 1a. Leaf base shallowly cordate; inflorescences
terete, slender, with thin soft hairs, sparse, yellow glands, and and abaxial surface of calyx subglabrous
small curved prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 1–2 cm, with thin or sparsely hairy .................................. 139d. var. cordatus
soft hairs, sparse, yellow glands, and minute prickles; stipules 1b. Leaf base rounded; inflorescences and
caducous, lanceolate, 5–7 mm, margin entire or divided; blade abaxial surface of calyx densely hairy.
ovate-lanceolate, 8–12 × 3–5 cm, lateral veins 7 or 8 pairs, 2a. Leaf blade adaxially and sepals
raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, both surfaces yellow abaxially tomentose ................. 139c. var. tomentosus
glandular, soft hairy only along veins, base rounded to subtrun- 2b. Leaf blade hairy adaxially; sepals
cate, margin with irregular long pointed sharp serrations, apex abaxially densely hairy.
long caudate. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, terminal 3a. Leaf blade hairy only along
 ROSACEAE

veins adaxially, glabrate 15 cm, axillary ones subracemes, sometimes subcorymbose,

in age .................................. 139a. var. pirifolius less than 8 cm; rachis and pedicels usually glabrous, occasio-
3b. Leaf blade densely hairy nally sparsely pubescent; bracts linear or lanceolate, 3–5 mm,
adaxially, especially more margin entire or dentate. Pedicel 1–2 cm. Flowers ca. 1 cm in
densely so along veins ........ 139b. var. permollis diam. Calyx abaxially glabrous; tube shallowly cupular; sepals
139a. Rubus pirifolius var. pirifolius erect in fruit, ovate, 4–6 × 2–4 mm, inner sepals tomentose
marginally, margin undivided, apex shortly acuminate. Petals
梨叶悬钩子(原变种) li ye xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong) white, broadly elliptic or oblong, 4–5 × 2–3 mm, glabrous, base
Rubus brevipetalus Elmer; R. floribundopaniculatus Haya- shortly clawed. Stamens many; filaments slightly broadened ba-
ta; R. parvipetalus Odashima; R. philippinensis Focke ex Elm- sally, shorter than petals. Pistils ca. 10–20, shorter than sta-
er; R. rotundifolius Reinwardt ex Miquel. mens; ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit red, glabrous, with few
larger drupelets, enclosed in persistent calyx; pyrenes rugose.
Leaf base rounded; blade hairy only along veins adaxially,
Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Oct–Nov. 2n = 28.
glabrate in age. Inflorescences and abaxial surface of calyx
Thickets, bamboo thickets, sparsely forested slopes, stream sides,
densely hairy.
roadsides; 1000–3000 m. Guizhou, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sik-
Sheltered sites on mountains, forests, forest margins; low to kim, Vietnam].
medium elevations. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan,
Taiwan, Yunnan [Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, 1a. Pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx
Thailand, Vietnam]. usually glabrous; leaf margin sharply
serrulate ........................................... 140a. var. acuminatus
139b. Rubus pirifolius var. permollis Merrill, Lingnan Sci. J. 1b. Pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx
11: 44. 1932. puberulous; leaf margin coarsely
柔毛梨叶悬钩子 rou mao li ye xuan gou zi serrate ................................................. 140b. var. puberulus

Leaf base rounded; blade densely hairy adaxially, especi- 140a. Rubus acuminatus var. acuminatus
ally more densely so along veins. Inflorescences and abaxial 尖叶悬钩子(原变种) jian ye xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
surface of calyx densely hairy.
Rubus betulinus D. Don.
● Stream sides in montane valley forests. Guangxi, Hainan.
139c. Rubus pirifolius var. tomentosus Kuntze ex Franchet, Pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx often glabrous. Leaf
Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., ser. 2, 8: 219. 1885. margin sharply serrulate.
Bamboo thickets, stream sides, roadsides; below 3000 m. Yunnan
绒毛梨叶悬钩子 rong mao li ye xuan gou zi
[Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sikkim, Vietnam].
Leaf base rounded; blade adaxially and sepals abaxially
140b. Rubus acuminatus var. puberulus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
tomentose. Inflorescences densely hairy.
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 308. 1982.
● C Sichuan (Baoxing Xian).
柔毛尖叶悬钩子 rou mao jian ye xuan gou zi
139d. Rubus pirifolius var. cordatus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22: 308. 1982. Pedicel and abaxial surface of calyx puberulous. Leaf mar-
gin coarsely serrate.
心状梨叶悬钩子 xin zhuang li ye xuan gou zi
● Thickets, sparsely forested slopes; 1000–1500 m. Guizhou.
Leaf base shallowly cordate. Inflorescences and abaxial 141. Rubus brevipetiolatus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phyto-
surface of calyx subglabrous or sparsely hairy. tax. Sin. 20: 453. 1982.
● Forest margins, mountainous regions; 1500–2100 m. SE Yun-
短柄悬钩子 duan bing xuan gou zi
nan.
Shrubs. Branchlets brownish to dark brown, terete, pu-
140. Rubus acuminatus Smith in Rees, Cycl. 30: Rubus no.
bescent, glabrescent, with sparse, curved minute prickles.
43. 1819.
Leaves simple; petiole 7–10 mm, pubescent, with sparse,
尖叶悬钩子 jian ye xuan gou zi curved minute prickles; stipules free, brown, oblong-lanceolate
or elliptic-lanceolate, 1–1.4 cm × 3–5 mm, margin entire or
Shrubs scandent, to 8 m tall. Branchlets brown or reddish sparsely shallowly serrate; blade oblong-lanceolate, 7–13 × 2–3
brown, slightly angled, thinly pubescent, glabrescent, with cm, lateral veins 8–11 pairs, prominent abaxially, abaxially
sparse, minute prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 1–2 cm, slightly sparsely pubescent only along veins, with remote curved minute
puberulous, with sparse, minute prickles; stipules usually cadu- prickles along midvein, adaxially glabrous except pubescent
cous, free, linear or lanceolate, 4–6 cm, margin entire or tooth- along midvein, base rounded, margin coarsely sharply serrate,
ed; blade ovate-oblong or lanceolate, 7–11 × 3–4 cm, lateral apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, narrow
veins 6–8 pairs, slightly raised abaxially, both surfaces glabrous cymose panicles, few flowered, axillary ones shorter, or flow-
or sparsely pubescent only along veins abaxially, base rounded, ers few in clusters; rachis and pedicels pubescent, with sparse,
margin irregularly serrate, apex caudate. Inflorescences termi- curved minute prickles; bracts similar to stipules but sometimes
nal or axillary, terminal ones narrow cymose panicles (8–)10– apically lobed; lobes linear to lanceolate, apex acuminate. Pedi-
 ROSACEAE

cel 5–8 mm. Flowers 7–9 mm in diam. Calyx abaxially pubes- acuminate to caudate. Petals white, ovate to elliptic, 4–5 mm,
cent; sepals ovate-lanceolate, margin tomentose, apex acumi- puberulent, apex acute. Stamens numerous, slightly shorter than
nate; outer sepals often laciniate at apex, lobes lanceolate or or nearly as long as petals; filaments linear, basally pubescent.
linear, inner sepals entire. Petals elliptic or spatulate, shorter Pistils 20–25(–42), somewhat longer than stamens, glabrous.
than sepals, base narrowly long clawed. Stamens many, un- Aggregate fruit red, subglobose, 8–10 mm in diam., glabrous,
equal in length; filaments linear. Pistils ca. 10–15, nearly as with few drupelets, persistent sepals green; pyrenes coarsely ru-
long as stamens; style and ovary glabrous. Fl. summer, fr. un- gose. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Apr–Jun.
known.
Sunny slopes, sparse mixed forests, roadsides; 600–1500 m. Yun-
● Thickets; low elevations. Guangxi. nan [Sikkim].
142. Rubus yunanicus Kuntze, Meth. Sp.-Beschr. Rubus, 71. Rubus poliophyllus is treated as a synonym of R. paniculatus
1879. Smith in Fl. Bhutan 1(3): 562. 1987.

云南悬钩子 yun nan xuan gou zi 1a. Petiole ca. 10 mm; pedicel 10–20
mm; flowers ca. 15 mm in diam.;
Shrubs. Branchlets purplish brown, terete, glabrous, with pistils 20–25 ................................... 143a. var. poliophyllus
sparse, curved prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 1–2 cm, thinly 1b. Petiole 4–6 mm; pedicel 3–7 mm;
pubescent, with remote, curved minute prickles; stipules early flowers 7–10 mm in diam.; pistils
caducous, 6–8 mm, pubescent, margin laciniate, lobes linear or 25–42 .............................................. 143b. var. ximengensis
lanceolate; blade elliptic or oblong, 6–12 × 3–7 cm, lateral
veins 7 or 8 pairs, slightly raised abaxially, glabrous except 143a. Rubus poliophyllus var. poliophyllus
veins on both surfaces pubescent, base subtruncate to slightly
毛叶悬钩子(原变种) mao ye xuan zou zi (yuan bian zhong)
cordate, margin unevenly coarsely obtusely dentate, apex short-
ly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, terminal ones Rubus distentus Focke.
narrow cymose panicles, 10–14 cm, many flowered, axillary
Petiole ca. 1 cm. Pedicel 1–2 cm. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm in
ones subracemes, shorter; rachis and pedicels thinly pubescent;
diam. Pistils 20–25.
bracts caducous, lanceolate, 5–7 mm, pubescent, apex laciniate,
lobes linear or lanceolate. Pedicel ca. 1 cm. Flowers 7–10 mm Sunny slopes, sparse mixed forests; 600–1500 m. Yunnan [Sik-
in diam. Calyx abaxially thinly pubescent; sepals ovate or tri- kim].
angular-ovate, 2.5–3.5 × 2–3 mm, margin tomentose, undi-
143b. Rubus poliophyllus var. ximengensis Y. Y. Qian, Acta
vided, apex obtuse, rarely acute. Petals obovate or oblong, 3–4
Phytotax. Sin. 39: 466. 2001.
× 2.5–3.5 mm, thinly pubescent basally, base clawed. Stamens
many, nearly as long as or slightly shorter than petals; filaments 西盟悬钩子 xi meng xuan gou zi
linear, broader toward base. Pistils ca. 10–15, longer than sta-
Petiole 4–6 mm. Pedicel 3–7 mm. Flowers 7–10 mm in
mens; style and ovary glabrous. Fruit unknown.
diam. Pistils 25–42.
● Mountainous regions; low elevations. NW Yunnan.
● Forests on roadsides; ca. 1200 m. SW Yunnan (Ximeng Xian).
143. Rubus poliophyllus Kuntze, Meth. Sp.-Beschr. Rubus, 68.
1879. 144. Rubus forrestianus Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 490.
1933.
毛叶悬钩子 mao ye xuan gou zi
贡山蓬蘽 gong shan peng lei
Shrubs scandent, 2–5 m tall. Branchlets brownish to pur-
plish brown, yellowish sericeous-villous, glabrescent, with re- Shrubs lianoid, to 2 m tall. Branchlets brownish, terete,
mote complanate curved prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 0.4–1 densely pubescent and glandular, with curved minute prickles.
cm, longer on old branches, yellowish sericeous-villous when Leaves simple; petiole 2–3.5 cm, densely pubescent and gland-
young, glabrate in age; stipules free, 8–10 mm, pinnate-lacini- ular, with sparse, curved minute prickles; stipules caducous,
ate; lobes lanceolate or linear, sericeous-villous; blade oblong, free, to 1 cm, deeply lobed, lobes linear to linear-lanceolate,
ovate-oblong, or elliptic, 8–14 × 4–6.5 cm, lateral veins 7 or 8 with short hairs and glands; blade broadly ovate or oblong-
pairs, veins brown, raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, thick, ovate, 5–12 × 4–9 cm, both surfaces sparsely pubescent and
abaxially yellowish sericeous-villous, glabrescent, adaxially densely glandular, abaxially with sparse, curved small prickles
sericeous-villous only along veins, base subtruncate to shallow- along midvein, base cordate, margin 3–5-lobed or slightly un-
ly cordate, margin with unequal sharp teeth, apex acuminate. dulate, densely sharply serrate, apex shortly acuminate. Inflo-
Inflorescences terminal and axillary, cymose panicles, 12– rescences terminal and axillary, terminal ones cymose panicles,
25(–27) cm, many flowered, axillary ones shorter, racemose; 7–12 cm, axillary ones subracemes, sometimes flowers several
rachis and pedicels densely yellowish sericeous-villous; bracts in clusters in leaf axils; rachis and pedicels densely pubescent
5–9 mm, margin laciniate above middle, lobes linear to lan- and glandular; bracts 6–8 mm, lobed; lobes linear to linear-lan-
ceolate, sericeous-villous. Pedicel (0.3–)1–2 cm. Flowers 0.7– ceolate, pubescent, glandular. Pedicel 4–8 mm. Flowers 6–8
1.5 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely yellowish sericeous- mm in diam. Calyx tube shallowly campanulate; sepals triang-
villous; tube shallowly cupular; sepals 5 or 6, ovate or ovate- ular-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5–7 × 2–3 mm, margin
lanceolate, 4–6 × 3–5 mm, margin tomentose and entire, apex entire, apex caudate. Petals white, spatulate or rhombic-elliptic,
 ROSACEAE

4–6 × 3–4 mm, both surfaces pubescent, base broadly shortly margin of inner sepals gray tomentose. Petals white, obovate,
clawed, apex obtuse to ± acute. Stamens many, slightly shorter glabrous, slightly shorter than or nearly as long as sepals, base
than petals; filaments broad, complanate. Pistils few, slightly clawed. Stamens many, somewhat shorter than petals; filaments
shorter than or ca. as long as stamens; style and ovary usually broad, complanate. Pistils ca. 15–20, slightly shorter than or ca.
glabrous. Aggregate fruit red, subglobose, 5–7 mm when im- as long as stamens, glabrous. Aggregate fruit red at maturity,
mature, glabrous, with few drupelets; pyrenes 1.5–2 mm, rugu- subglobose, 6–8 mm in diam., glabrous, with many drupelets;
lose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. pyrenes small, ca. 2 mm, prominently rugose. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr.
Sep–Nov. 2n = 28.
● River valleys; 1000–2000 m. W Yunnan.
Slopes, roadsides, montane valleys, stony ravines, grasslands,
145. Rubus laxus Focke, Biblioth. Bot. 17(Heft 72): 68. 1910.
thickets, sparse forests, forest margins, moist places; 200–2500 m. An-
疏松悬钩子 shu song xuan gou zi hui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan,
Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan,
Shrubs climbing. Branchlets brownish to purplish black, Zhejiang [Japan, Thailand].
tomentose-villous, nearly unarmed or with sparse, curved mi-
Rubus urophyllus Y. C. Liu & F. Y. Lu (Quart. J. Chin. Forest.
nute prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 3–5 cm, tomentose-vil- 9(2): 133. 1976) was treated in Fl. Taiwan is an uncertain species that
lous, with sparse, minute prickles; stipules caducous, narrower, might be only varietally distinct from R. lambertianus.
margin deeply laciniate, lobes linear, hairy; blade narrowly
ovate, 7–11 × 4–7 cm, lateral veins 6 or 7 pairs, abaxially 1a. Leaf blade and inflorescences thinly pilose.
densely pilose, adaxially less densely so, base cordate, margin 2a. Branchlets, petioles, inflorescences,
undivided or 3–5-lobed, irregularly thinly serrate, apex acute and abaxial surface of calyx
to shortly acuminate. Inflorescences usually terminal, cymose without glandular hairs and
panicles, lax, to 20 cm; rachis and pedicels tomentose-villous; bristles .................................. 146a. var. lambertianus
bracts caducous, margin laciniate, lobes lanceolate or linear, 2b. Branchlets, petioles, inflorescences,
hairy. Pedicel 1–2 cm. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Calyx abax- and abaxial surface of calyx
ially tomentose-villous; sepals ovate or ovate-triangular, 4–6 with glandular hairs or
mm and nearly as broad, apex acute to shortly acuminate; outer bristles ............................. 146b. var. paykouangensis
sepals pinnately laciniate, lobes linear to lanceolate, inner se- 1b. Leaf blade glabrous or slightly
pals usually entire. Petals white, obovate to elliptic, slightly pilose only along veins adaxially;
longer than sepals, base slightly pubescent and shortly clawed. inflorescences glabrous or subglabrous.
Stamens many, slightly shorter than petals; filaments linear, 3a. Inflorescences without glandular
hairy in basal part. Pistils to 50, somewhat shorter than stamens; hairs ................................................. 146c. var. glaber
ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit small, enclosed in persistent 3b. Inflorescences wholly or partly, or
calyx. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct. abaxial surface of calyx with
minute glandular hairs ............ 146d. var. glandulosus
● Montane valleys, slopes, sparse forests; 800–1800 m. Yunnan.
146a. Rubus lambertianus var. lambertianus
146. Rubus lambertianus Seringe in Candolle, Prodr. 2: 567.
1825. 高粱泡(原变种) gao liang pao (yuan bian zhong)

高粱泡 gao liang pao Rubus ochlanthus Hance; R. pycnanthus Focke.

Shrubs lianoid, semideciduous, to 3 m tall. Branchlets Leaf blade and inflorescences thinly pubescent. Branch-
brown or reddish brown, terete, thinly pubescent or subgla- lets, petioles, inflorescences, and abaxial surface of calyx with-
brous, with sparse, curved minute prickles. Leaves simple; peti- out glandular hairs and bristles.
ole 2–4(–5) cm, thinly pubescent or subglabrous, with sparse, Slopes, roadsides, montane valleys, grasslands, thickets, forest
minute prickles; stipules caducous, free, to 1 cm, laciniate-part- margins; low to medium elevations. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guang-
ed nearly to base, lobes linear to lanceolate, thinly pubescent or xi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan,
subglabrous; blade broadly ovate, rarely oblong-ovate, 5– Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
10(–12) × 4–8 cm, 5-veined, abaxially pilose, more densely so 146b. Rubus lambertianus var. paykouangensis (H. Léveillé)
along veins, rarely glabrous, with sparse, minute prickles along Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 489. 1933.
midvein, adaxially pilose or hairy only along veins, base cor-
date, margin distinctly 3–5-lobed or undulate, serrulate, apex 毛叶高粱泡 mao ye gao liang pao
acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, terminal ones Rubus paykouangensis H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov.
usually cymose panicles, 10–15 cm, axillary ones often sub- Regni Veg. 4: 333. 1907; R. viscidus Focke.
racemes, shorter, sometimes flowers few in clusters in leaf
axils; rachis and pedicels thinly pubescent, subglabrous, or gla- Leaf blade and inflorescences thinly pubescent. Branch-
brous; bracts 6–9 mm, margin laciniate lobed; lobes linear, pu- lets, petioles, inflorescences, and abaxial surface of calyx with
berulous. Pedicel 5–10 mm. Flowers 7–9 mm in diam. Calyx glandular hairs or with intermixed bristles.
abaxially thinly pubescent; sepals ovate-lanceolate or triangu- Thickets on slopes; 300–2200 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Yun-
lar-lanceolate, 5–8 × 2.5–4 mm, margin entire, apex acuminate, nan [Thailand].
 ROSACEAE

146c. Rubus lambertianus var. glaber Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., white, spatulate-obovate, 7–9 × 5–6 mm, base soft hairy, claw-
Bot. 23: 233. 1887. ed. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments broadened and
flattened, villous; anthers glabrous. Pistils numerous, shorter
光滑高粱泡 guang hua gao liang pao
than or nearly as long as stamens; style and ovary glabrous. Ag-
Rubus ampelinus Focke; R. hakonensis Franchet & Sava- gregate fruit red, subglobose, 1–1.2 cm in diam. Fl. Jun–Aug,
tier; R. lambertianus subsp. hakonensis (Franchet & Savatier) fr. Sep–Oct.
Focke; R. lambertianus var. hakonensis (Franchet & Savatier) ● Slopes, montane valleys, dense forests, thickets; 1000–1500 m.
Rehder. Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan.
Leaf blade glabrous or slightly pilose only along veins 148. Rubus gongshanensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phyto-
adaxially. Inflorescences glabrous or subglabrous, without tax. Sin. 20: 457. 1982.
glandular hairs.
贡山悬钩子 gong shan xuan gou zi
Slopes, stony ravines, forest margins; 200–2500 m. Gansu, Gui-
zhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
Shrubs 1–1.5 m tall, stipitate glandular or not. Branchlets
dark brown to purplish brown, slightly angled, pubescent, with
146d. Rubus lambertianus var. glandulosus Cardot, Notul. minute prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 5–11 cm, pubescent,
Syst. (Paris) 3: 293. 1914. with minute prickles; stipules and bracts early caducous; blades
ovate-orbicular, 10–17 × 15–20 cm, lateral veins 3 or 4 pairs,
腺毛高粱泡 xian mao gao liang pao
prominent abaxially, impressed adaxially, both surfaces pu-
Rubus adenothyrsus Cardot; R. gelatinosus Sasaki; R. bescent, more densely so along veins, base deeply cordate,
lambertianus var. mekongensis Handel-Mazzetti; R. lamberti- margin lobed; lobes triangular, margin irregularly coarsely ser-
anus var. minimiflorus (H. Léveillé) Cardot; R. lambertianus rate, apex acute. Inflorescences terminal or sometimes axil-
var. morii (Hayata) S. S. Ying; R. minimiflorus H. Léveillé; R. lary, narrow cymose panicles or subracemes, to 18 cm, densely
morii Hayata; R. tiponensis Hosokawa. or sparsely flowered, axillary flowers usually several in clus-
ters; rachis and pedicels pubescent, with needle-like prickles
Leaf blade glabrous or slightly pilose only along veins or not. Pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm. Calyx abaxially densely gray pu-
adaxially. Inflorescences wholly or partly glabrous or subgla- bescent, with needle-like prickles or not; tube pelviform or shal-
brous. Abaxial surface of calyx with minute glandular hairs. 2n lowly cupular; sepals erect after anthesis, lanceolate or ovate-
= 28*. lanceolate, 8–10(–12) × 4–5(–6) mm, apex caudate; outer se-
Sparse forests in valleys, moist places in thickets; mostly below pals apically shallowly 2- or 3-laciniate, inner sepals entire.
2000 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Japan]. Aggregate fruit red, subglobose, 1.4–1.8 cm in diam., glabrous,
enclosed in persistent calyx. Fl. summer, fr. Sep–Oct.
147. Rubus calycacanthus H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov.
● Bamboo thickets on slopes, forested slopes; below 3500 m. NW
Regni Veg. 8: 58. 1910.
and SE Yunnan.
猬莓 wei mei 1a. Plants not stipitate glandular ........ 148c. var. eglandulosus
Rubus echinoides F. P. Metcalf; R. labbei H. Léveillé & 1b. Plants stipitate glandular.
Vaniot. 2a. Rachis, pedicels, and
abaxial surface of calyx
Shrubs scandent, 0.5–1.5 cm tall. Branchlets grayish pubescent, with needle-
brown or brownish, with soft hairs and curved minute prickles, like prickles ........................ 148a. var. gongshanensis
sometimes with sparse, short glandular hairs. Leaves simple; 2b. Rachis, pedicels, and
petiole 2–4 cm, soft villous, with sparse, short glandular hairs; abaxial surface of calyx
stipules narrower, 0.8–1.2 cm, margin fimbriately to pinnately pubescent, without
lobed; lobes linear-lanceolate, soft villous, with sparse, short needle-like prickles .............. 148b. var. qiujiangensis
glandular hairs; blade ovate-orbicular, rarely ovate, 6–9 × 5–7
cm, lateral veins 5 pairs, raised abaxially, slightly impressed 148a. Rubus gongshanensis var. gongshanensis
adaxially, abaxially soft villous, more densely so along veins, 贡山悬钩子(原变种) gong shan xuan gou zi (yuan bian
adaxially sparsely soft hairy, base deeply cordate, margin 3– zhong)
5-lobed, rarely undulate, coarsely serrate, apex triangular-acute,
rarely obtuse. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, narrow Plants stipitate glandular. Rachis, pedicels, and abaxial
cymose panicles or subracemes, 6–12 cm, sometimes flowers surface of calyx pubescent, with needle-like prickles.
several in leaf axils or solitary; rachis and pedicels tomentose- ● Bamboo thickets on slopes; below 3500 m. NW Yunnan.
villous, with sparse, short glandular hairs; bracts 7–10 mm, fim-
briately to pinnately lobed; lobes linear, soft villous, with 148b. Rubus gongshanensis var. qiujiangensis T. T. Yu & L.
sparse, short glandular hairs. Pedicel 5–8 mm. Flowers 1–1.5 T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 457. 1982.
cm in diam. Calyx abaxially tomentose-villous and with dense,
无刺贡山悬钩子 wu ci gong shan xuan gou zi
short needle-like prickles; sepals broadly ovate, 6–8 × 3–5(–6)
mm, apex acuminate; outer sepals pinnately divided, lobes lan- Plants stipitate glandular. Rachis, pedicels, and abaxial
ceolate, inner sepals entire or only apically slightly lobed. Petals surface of calyx pubescent, without needle-like prickles.
 ROSACEAE

● Forested slopes; below 3500 m. NW Yunnan. and pedicels sparsely pubescent, with glandular hairs, some-
times intermixed with small prickles; bracts subulate to linear-
148c. Rubus gongshanensis var. eglandulosus Y. Gu & W. L.
lanceolate, 4–6 mm, margin entire or apically laciniate, with
Li, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 20: 122. 2000.
sparse, glandular hairs. Pedicel 3–6 mm. Flowers 6–8 mm in
无腺贡山悬钩子 wu xian gong shan xuan gou zi diam. Calyx abaxially sparsely pubescent, with glandular hairs;
sepals ovate, 3–5 × 2–3 mm, margin sometimes gray pubescent,
Plants not stipitate glandular.
apex acute to shortly acuminate. Petals white, elliptic, shorter
● Slopes; 1800–2000 m. SE Yunnan. than or nearly as long as sepals. Stamens many, shorter than
petals; filaments somewhat broadened and flattened. Pistils 12–
149. Rubus menglaensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax.
30, slightly shorter than or ca. as long as stamens, glabrous. Ag-
Sin. 20: 456. 1982.
gregate fruit red, subglobose, 6–8 mm in diam., glabrous; pyre-
勐腊悬钩子 meng la xuan gou zi nes rugulose. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 28*.
Shrubs ca. 1 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown or reddish ● Slopes, fallow fields, dense forests in valleys, thickets; 800–
brown, cylindric, brownish yellow pubescent, soft bristly, with 2500 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan,
sparse, curved minute prickles and glandular hairs; petiole 2–3 Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
cm, pubescent, soft bristly, with sparse, curved minute prickles The fruit are sweet and edible, the roots are used in medicine, and
and glandular hairs; stipules free, brownish, to 1 cm, pubescent, tannin is extracted from the roots and stems.
soft bristly, deeply pinnate-laciniate; lobes linear; blade narrow- 151. Rubus latoauriculatus F. P. Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. J. 19:
ly ovate or broadly oblong, 7–13 × 5–8 cm, lateral veins 5 or 6 27. 1940.
pairs, both surfaces pubescent, soft bristly, with sparse, curved
minute prickles along veins, base deeply cordate, margin undi- 耳叶悬钩子 er ye xuan gou zi
vided or somewhat undulate, densely thin sharply serrate, apex
Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branchlets dark purplish brown when
acute. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, subracemes or narrow
young, later grayish brown, terete, with sparse, curved prickles.
panicles, 6–10 cm, few flowered; rachis and pedicels densely
Leaves simple; petiole 1–2 cm, glabrous or slightly pubescent
pubescent, sparsely soft bristly, with glandular hairs; bracts less
along groove, with sparse, minute prickles; stipules caducous,
than 1 cm, pubescent, soft bristly, deeply pinnate-laciniate;
free, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 7–9 mm, glabrous,
lobes linear. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Ca-
palmatifid, lobes linear; blade lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
lyx densely brownish yellow soft bristly, pubescent, with
8–14 × 1.8–3.5 cm, lateral veins 7–10 pairs, prominent adax-
sparse, intermixed glandular hairs; tube pelviform; sepals ovate-
ially, abaxially glabrous, with sparse, curved small prickles
lanceolate, 6–8 × 3–5 mm, apex caudate; outer sepals apically
along midvein, adaxially glabrous except slightly hairy along
often shallowly laciniate. Petals suborbicular, 5–6 mm in diam.,
veins, base cordate-auriculate, basal incision narrow, margin
shorter than sepals, adaxially puberulous, base shortly clawed,
thinly sharply serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal,
margin crenate. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments
narrow cymose panicles, 7–11 cm; rachis and pedicels gla-
broad, complanate, glabrous. Pistils ca. 40 or slightly more,
brous; bracts oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5–8 mm,
longer than stamens; ovary pubescent. Aggregate fruit red, sub-
glabrous, palmatifid; lobes linear. Pedicel 5–10 mm. Flowers 6–
globose. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
8 mm in diam. Calyx abaxially glabrous except sparsely stipi-
● Disturbed places on mountains; 500–600 m. S Yunnan. tate glandular; sepals erect in fruit, lanceolate or ovate-lanceo-
150. Rubus ichangensis Hemsley & Kuntze, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. late, 6–10 mm, glabrous, margin entire or lobed, sometimes
23: 231. 1887. inner sepals with gray tomentose margin, apex caudate. Petals
suborbicular, basally pubescent adaxially, apex abruptly point-
宜昌悬钩子 yi chang xuan gou zi ed. Stamens many; filaments short, slender. Pistils glabrous.
Rubus eugenius Focke; R. ichangensis var. latifolius Car- Aggregate fruit red, less than 1 cm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes
dot; R. papyrus H. Léveillé. rugose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Jul–Sep.

Shrubs scandent, deciduous or semievergreen, to 3 m tall. ● Montane valleys, mountain summits, near water courses, dense
Branchlets greenish to greenish brown, terete, glabrous or sub- forests; below 1000 m. S Guangxi.
glabrous, with glandular hairs when young, glabrescent, with 152. Rubus howii Merrill & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 71. 1940.
sparse, curved short prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 2–4 cm,
裂叶悬钩子 lie ye xuan gou zi
glabrous, usually with sparse, glandular hairs and short prickles;
stipules caducous, subulate or linear-lanceolate, 4–8 mm, gla- Shrubs scandent. Branchlets brown or reddish brown, te-
brous, with sparse, short glandular hairs marginally, margin rete, densely yellowish brown villous, with curved minute prick-
entire or only apically shallowly laciniate; blade ovate-lanceo- les. Leaves simple; petiole 1–2 cm, densely yellowish brown
late, 8–15 × 3–6 cm, subleathery, both surfaces glabrous, abax- villous, with few small prickles; stipules caducous, free, 6–9
ially with sparse, small prickles along midvein, base deeply mm, deeply lobed, lobes linear, yellowish brown villous; blade
cordate, with broad basal incision, margin shallowly undulate oblong to ovate-oblong, 7–14 × 2–5 cm, lateral veins 6–8 pairs,
or lobulate near base, sparsely serrulate, apex acuminate. Inflo- prominent abaxially, impressed adaxially, both surfaces yellow-
rescences terminal and axillary, terminal ones narrow cymose ish brown villous along veins, abaxially with sparse, minute
panicles, 15–25 cm, axillary ones subracemes, shorter; rachis prickles along midvein, base cordate, margin irregularly coarse-
 ROSACEAE

ly serrate, with 1 or 2 broadly ovate shallow lobes on each side 153b. Rubus hypopitys var. hanmiensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
below middle; lobes unequal, longer ones to 1.5 cm, apex acute Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 458. 1982.
to shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, subracemes, 5–8
汉密悬钩子 han mi xuan gou zi
cm, 1- or few flowered, or flowers several in clusters in leaf
axils; rachis, pedicels, and abaxial surface of calyx densely yel- Plants with glandular hairs. Leaf lobes acute apically.
lowish brown villous, with sparse, needle-like prickles; bracts
● Forest margins; ca. 2200 m. SE Xizang.
caducous, 5–8 mm; lobes linear, yellowish brown villous. Pedi-
cel ca. 1 cm. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Sepals ovate-lanceolate 154. Rubus yiwuanus W. P. Fang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 2: 85.
to oblong-lanceolate, 6–8 mm, margin entire, apex acuminate, 1952.
outer sepals gray tomentose marginally. Petals yellowish brown,
elliptic, 5–7 × 4–5 mm, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Sta- 奕武悬钩子 yi wu xuan gou zi
mens many, shorter than petals; filaments glabrous. Pistils gla- Shrubs 2–3 m tall. Branchlets brownish to reddish brown,
brous, longer than stamens. Fruit not seen. Fl. Apr–May. gray tomentose initially, finally glabrous, unarmed. Leaves sim-
● Mixed forests; medium elevations. Hainan. ple; petiole 2–3.5 cm, brown, gray tomentose when young, gla-
brate in age, unarmed; stipules caducous, free, brown, oblong-
153. Rubus hypopitys Focke, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin- lanceolate, 2–4(–5) × 0.5–0.8 cm, tomentose when young, gla-
burgh 5: 72. 1911. brescent, margin sharply serrate apically, or rarely laciniate;
blade elliptic or ovate-elliptic, rarely suborbicular, 10–17 × 5–
滇藏悬钩子 dian zang xuan gou zi
10 cm, palmately 5-veined, lateral veins 2–4 pairs, prominently
Subshrubs low, nearly creeping. Branchlets reddish brown, raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, abaxially densely gray or
slender, villous when young, glabrescent, with sparse, minute yellowish gray tomentose, adaxially dark green, glabrous, base
needle-like prickles. Leaves simple; petiole reddish brown, 4–6 broadly cuneate to rounded, margin irregularly narrowly lobed
cm, sparsely villous, with needle-like prickles; stipules free, above middle; lobes unevenly sharply serrate, apex caudate. In-
greenish brown, to 1 cm, palmatipartite; lobes linear, villous; florescences terminal or axillary, terminal ones narrow cymose
blade suborbicular, 5–10 cm in diam., both surfaces villous, panicles, to 8 cm, axillary ones subracemes, to 2–3 cm, or flow-
more densely so abaxially, sometimes with sparse, needle-like ers several in clusters in leaf axils; rachis and pedicels densely
prickles along veins, base cordate, margin 3–5-lobed; lobes gray tomentose; bracts caducous, oblong-lanceolate, (1–)1.5–
coarsely obtusely serrate, apex obtuse or acute. Inflorescences 2(–3) cm, tomentose when young, later glabrate, margin lacini-
terminal, short subracemes, few flowered, or flowers solitary in ate apically, or entire. Pedicel 5–9 mm. Flowers ca. 1 cm in
leaf axils; rachis and pedicels densely yellowish villous, with diam. Calyx abaxially densely gray tomentose; tube campanu-
sparse, needle-like prickles; bracts greenish brown, less than 1 late; sepals triangular or ovate-lanceolate, 6–9 × 3–5 mm, apex
cm, palmatipartite; lobes linear, villous. Pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm. acute or shortly acuminate; outer sepals apically divided or ser-
Flowers 2–3 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely yellowish vil- rate, inner sepals entire. Petals white, obovate, 7–9 × 3–4 mm,
lous and tomentose, or with sparse prickles; sepals erect after base clawed and slightly soft hairy, apex acute. Stamens many,
anthesis, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 1–1.4 cm × 5–8 mm, shorter than petals; filaments short, broad, complanate. Pistils
apex caudate, outer sepals irregularly laciniate above middle; 30–50, longer than stamens, glabrous. Aggregate fruit reddish
lobes linear or lanceolate. Petals white or reddish, narrowly brown, subglobose, 7–9 mm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr.
obovate, 0.9–1.3 cm × 7–10 mm, base slightly villous, shortly Aug–Sep.
clawed. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments broader ● Forest margins by river- and stream sides, shaded valleys;
toward base. Pistils nearly as long as stamens, glabrous. Ag- 1000–2200 m. C Sichuan (Emei Shan).
gregate fruit red, subglobose, to 1 cm in diam., glabrous; pyre-
nes shallowly rugose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. 155. Rubus stipulosus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax.
Sin. 20: 460. 1982.
● Foothills, coniferous forests on slopes, thickets, forest margins;
2000–3000 m. S Xizang, W Yunnan. 巨托悬钩子 ju tuo xuan gou zi

1a. Plants without glandular hairs; leaf Shrubs climbing. Branchlets dark brown, pubescent, with
lobes obtuse ......................................... 153a. var. hypopitys sparse, short prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 4–8 cm, pubes-
1b. Plants with glandular hairs; leaf cent, with minute prickles; stipules free, leaflike, broadly ovate
lobes acute ........................................ 153b. var. hanmiensis or broadly narrowly ovate, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 cm, palmately 5-
veined, abaxially pubescent, margin lobed or serrate; blade sub-
153a. Rubus hypopitys var. hypopitys orbicular or broadly ovate, abaxially densely yellowish brown
tomentose and pubescent along veins, adaxially glabrous or
滇藏悬钩子(原变种) dian zang xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
pubescent only along veins, base cordate, margin irregularly
Rubus subumbellatus Cardot. shallowly serrate, teeth abruptly pointed, 5–7-lobed; lobes tri-
angular, terminal one largest, apex acute. Inflorescences ter-
Plants without glandular hairs. Leaf lobes obtuse apically. minal, subracemes, few flowered, or flowers in clusters in leaf
● Foothills, coniferous forests on slopes, thickets; 2000–3000 m. axils, rarely flowers solitary; rachis and pedicels densely vil-
S Xizang, W Yunnan. lous; bracts brown, broadly ovate or narrowly ovate, 1–1.8 ×
0.9–1.6 cm, soft hairy, margin lobed or serrate above middle.
 ROSACEAE

Pedicel 5–7 mm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Calyx to 2 cm, Branchlets unarmed or with sparse, minute prickles. Leaf
abaxially densely villous; sepals ovate-lanceolate, apex acumi- margin undulate or inconspicuously lobed; lobes obtuse, rarely
nate, outer sepals usually laciniate apically; lobes lanceolate. acute.
Petals broadly ovate or suborbicular, glabrous, base shortly ● Forested slopes, forest understories with rich humus; 500–1300
clawed, margin undulate or erose, apex abruptly pointed. Sta- m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu,
mens many, much shorter than petals; filaments slightly broad- Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
ened basally. Pistils 50–70 or more, much longer than stamens,
glabrous. Fruit unknown. Fl. May–Jun. 156b. Rubus irenaeus var. innoxius (Focke) T. T. Yu & L. T.
Lu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37: 182. 1985.
● Rocky slopes, shaded places in forests; ca. 1200 m. EC Guangxi
(Dayao Shan). 尖裂灰毛泡 jian lie hui mao pao
156. Rubus irenaeus Focke, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 394. 1900. Rubus innoxius Focke, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 395. 1900.

灰毛泡 hui mao pao Branchlets with more dense, minute prickles. Leaf margin
distinctly 3–5-lobed; lobes acute.
Shrubs 0.5–2 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets brownish, red-
● Sandy slopes, forests; below 1500 m. Chongqing (Jinfo Shan).
dish brown, or grayish brown, densely gray tomentose-villous;
flowering branches arising from rhizomes, sometimes with 157. Rubus pacificus Hance, J. Bot. 12: 259. 1874.
small prickles. Leaves alternate, simple; petiole 5–10 cm,
densely tomentose-villous, unarmed or with sparse, small prick- 太平莓 tai ping mei
les; stipules leaflike, brownish, oblong, 2–3 × 1–2 cm, tomen- Shrubs 40–100 cm tall, evergreen. Branchlets brown or
tose-villous, broader and incised-laciniate near apex; lobes lan- reddish brown, terete, slender, slightly arching, soft hairy, gla-
ceolate; blade suborbicular, 8–14 cm in diam., palmately 5- brate in age, with sparse, minute prickles. Leaves simple; peti-
veined, veins yellowish brown and prominently raised abaxi- ole 4–8 cm, villous when young, glabrescent, with sparse,
ally, impressed adaxially, subleathery, abaxially densely gray or minute prickles; stipules brownish, oblong, to 2.5 cm, villous,
yellowish gray tomentose, with long hairs along veins, adaxi- broader and incised-laciniate near apex, lobes lanceolate; blade
ally glabrous, base deeply cordate, margin undulate or lobed; broadly ovate to narrowly ovate, 8–16 × 5–13 cm, palmately 5-
lobes unevenly coarsely sharply serrate, apex obtuse or acute. veined, lateral veins 2 or 3 pairs, brownish, distinctly raised
Inflorescences terminal, corymbs or subracemes, (3–)4–6 cm, abaxially, impressed adaxially, leathery, abaxially densely gray
few flowered, sometimes flowers several in clusters or flowers tomentose, adaxially glabrous, base cordate, margin inconspicu-
solitary in leaf axils; rachis and pedicels densely tomentose- ously lobed, irregularly abruptly pointed sharply serrate, apex
villous; bracts oblong, 1.5–2.5 × 1–1.5 cm, tomentose, margin acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, short racemes or corym-
or apex incised-laciniate. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm. Flowers 1.5–2 cm bose, 3–6-flowered, or flowers solitary in leaf axils; rachis and
in diam. Calyx abaxially densely tomentose-villous; sepals re- pedicels densely soft hairy; bracts oblong, to 1.8 cm, villous,
flexed in fruit, broadly ovate, 6–10 × (4–)5–7 mm, apex shortly apex lobed; lobes lanceolate. Pedicel 1–3 cm. Flowers 1.5–2 cm
acuminate; outer sepals with margin and apex laciniate; lobes in diam. Calyx abaxially soft hairy; sepals reflexed in fruit,
linear-lanceolate, inner sepals entire. Petals white, suborbicular, rarely erect, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 0.9–1.4 cm × 5–8 mm,
7–11 mm in diam., slightly longer than sepals, base clawed. apex acuminate; outer sepals apically laciniate, inner sepals en-
Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments linear, with slight- tire. Petals white, suborbicular, slightly longer than or nearly as
ly broad bases; anthers villous. Pistils 30–60, longer than sta- long as sepals, base shortly clawed, apex slightly incised. Sta-
mens, glabrous. Aggregate fruit red, globose, 1–1.5 cm in mens shorter than petals; filaments broad, flat; anthers villous.
diam., glabrous; pyrenes reticulate. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. Pistils numerous, somewhat longer than stamens. Aggregate
fruit red, globose, 1.2–1.6 cm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes ru-
● Forests, slopes, forest understories with rich humus; 500–1500 gose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
m. Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan,
Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang. ● Roadsides, mixed forests, mountainous areas; 300–1000 m. An-
hui, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
The fresh fruit are used for jam, candy, drinks, and wine. The
roots and young plants are used in traditional Chinese medicine. 158. Rubus crassifolius T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax.
Sin. 20: 460. 1982.
1a. Branchlets unarmed or with sparse,
minute prickles; leaf margin undulate 厚叶悬钩子 hou ye xuan gou zi
or inconspicuously lobed, lobes
Shrubs scrambling or scandent, to 0.5 m tall. Branchlets
obtuse, rarely acute .............................. 156a. var. irenaeus
dark brown, terete, densely yellowish brown sericeous-villous,
1b. Branchlets with more dense, minute
unarmed. Leaves simple; petiole 2–3.5 cm, yellowish brown
prickles; leaf margin distinctly
sericeous-villous; stipules free, brownish, suborbicular or
3–5-lobed, lobes acute ......................... 156b. var. innoxius broadly ovate, (1–)1.5–2 cm and ca. as broad, sparsely serice-
156a. Rubus irenaeus var. irenaeus ous-villous, margin laciniate, lobes lanceolate; blade suborbicu-
lar, 3–7 cm in diam., palmately 5-veined, veins brownish, later-
灰毛泡(原变种) hui mao pao (yuan bian zhong)
al veins 2 or 3 pairs, prominently raised abaxially, impressed
Rubus jaminii H. Léveillé & Vaniot. adaxially, thickly leathery, abaxially densely sericeous-villous,
 ROSACEAE

adaxially prominently rugulose, sparsely sericeous-villous, base Shrubs climbing or scrambling, deciduous or semiever-
cordate, margin somewhat undulate or 3–5-lobed; lobes shal- green. Branchlets dark brown to blackish brown, initially to-
lowly obtusely serrate, apex obtuse, rarely acute. Inflorescences mentose, glabrescent, with sparse, curved minute prickles.
terminal or axillary, 1-flowered, rarely flowers in clusters of 2 Leaves palmately compound, 3–5-foliolate; petiole 2–4 cm, to-
or 3; bracts brownish, suborbicular or broadly ovate, smaller mentose-villous, with sparse, curved small prickles, terminal
than stipules, with sparse, long silky hairs, margin laciniate; leaflet sometimes very shortly petiolulate, lateral leaflets sub-
lobes lanceolate. Pedicel ca. 1 cm, yellowish brown sericeous- sessile; stipules caducous, free, oblong, 8–11 mm, tomentose-
villous. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam. Calyx to 1.5 cm, abaxially villous, palmatipartite, lobes lanceolate or linear; blade of leaf-
yellowish brown sericeous-villous; sepals leaflike, ovate, outer lets elliptic-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5–12 × 1–3 cm, ter-
sepals broader, deeply divided or deeply incised-serrate nearly minal leaflet much larger than lateral leaflets, abaxially densely
above middle, inner sepals narrower, entire or sparsely serrate, gray or yellowish gray appressed tomentose, adaxially glabrous,
apex acute. Petals broadly ovate, base shortly clawed, margin base cuneate, margin unevenly sharply serrate, lateral leaflets
undulate, apex obtuse or emarginate. Stamens numerous, in 2 or sometimes 2-lobed basally, apex acuminate. Inflorescences ter-
3 whorls, unequal in length, shorter than petals; filaments line- minal or axillary, racemes, 6–9 cm, to 15 cm in fruit; rachis and
ar, slender. Pistils shorter than stamens; style and ovary gla- pedicels gray or yellowish gray tomentose-villous, with few
brous. Aggregate fruit red, subglobose, glabrous, with many small prickles; bracts oblong, 6–9 mm, tomentose-villous, pal-
drupelets, enclosed in leaflike persistent calyx; pyrenes rugose. matipartite; lobes linear to lanceolate. Pedicel 1–2 cm. Flowers
Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. 1–1.5 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely yellowish gray to
gray tomentose-villous; sepals ovate-lanceolate to triangular-
● Grasslands on mountain summits, margins of dense forests, lanceolate, 6–10 × 4–6 mm, margin entire, apex acuminate to
rock crevices; 1600–2000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi.
caudate. Petals ovate, 6–8 × 4–6 mm, apex acute. Stamens
159. Rubus wangii F. P. Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. J. 19: 35. 1940. many, slightly shorter than petals, soft hairy when young, gla-
brate in age; filaments not inflated. Pistils ca. 60, slightly longer
大苞悬钩子 da bao xuan gou zi than or nearly as long as stamens, villous. Aggregate fruit red
Shrubs scandent, to 5 m tall. Branchlets brownish to gray- when immature, black at maturity, subglobose, villous, with
ish brown, terete, initially gray tomentose, glabrescent, with many drupelets; pyrenes prominently rugose. Fl. Apr–May, fr.
sparse, curved minute prickles. Leaves alternate, simple; petiole Jun–Jul.
3–5 cm, grayish yellow tomentose, with sparse, curved minute ● Slopes, roadsides, stream sides, thickets; 300–2400 m. Guizhou,
prickles; stipules free, leaflike, brown, broadly to narrowly Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
ovate, 2–3 × 1.5–2 cm, thinly tomentose when young, margin
161. Rubus bambusarum Focke, Hooker’s Icon. Pl., ser. 3,
entire or sparsely shallowly thin serrate; blade suborbicular, 11–
10: sub t. 1952. 1891.
15 cm in diam., palmately 5-veined, veins prominent abaxially,
both surfaces glabrous except soft hairy along veins, base cor- 竹叶鸡爪茶 zhu ye ji zhao cha
date, margin lobed; lobes unevenly sharply serrate, apex acute Rubus henryi Hemsley & Kuntze var. bambusarum
or obtuse. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, terminal ones (Focke) Rehder.
narrow panicles, 10–15 cm, many flowered, axillary ones sub-
racemes, shorter; rachis and pedicels grayish yellow tomentose, Shrubs scandent, evergreen. Branchlets reddish brown to
subglabrescent; bracts in basal part of inflorescence broader, grayish brown, terete, with slightly curved prickles, tomentose-
broadly ovate or elliptic, 2–2.8 × 1.5–2 cm, those in apical part villous when young, glabrescent, glabrous in age. Leaves pa-
of inflorescences narrower, elliptic to broadly linear, 1–1.5 × lmately compound, 3–5-foliolate; petiole 2.5–5.5 cm, tomen-
0.6–1 cm, thinly tomentose, margin entire, shallowly serrate, or tose at first, gradually glabrescent, finally glabrous, leaflets sub-
lobed apically. Pedicel 0.8–1.5 cm. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. sessile; stipules early caducous, elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, 1–
Calyx to 1.4 cm, abaxially densely gray tomentose; sepals us- 1.5 cm × 3–5 mm, submembranous, soft hairy, margin usually
ually reflexed in fruit, ovate-lanceolate, 5–8 × 2.5–3.5 mm, entire, apex acute to shortly acuminate; blade of leaflets nar-
margin entire, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Petals white, rowly lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 7–13 × 1–3 cm; midvein
obovate, shorter than sepals. Stamens many, shorter than petals; brownish, raised abaxially, leathery, abaxially densely gray or
filaments broad, complanate, glabrous. Pistils 25–50, slightly yellowish gray tomentose, adaxially glabrous, base broadly
longer than stamens, glabrous. Aggregate fruit red, subglobose, cuneate, margin sparsely inconspicuously serrulate, apex acu-
not more than 1 cm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes rugulose. Fl. minate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, subracemes, 8–12 ×
Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct. 4–7 cm; rachis and pedicels gray or yellowish gray villous, with
sparse, minute prickles, sometimes with intermixed glandular
● Sunny rocky slopes, montane valleys, sparse forests; 900–1500
hairs; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 0.8–1.2 cm × 2–4 mm, membra-
m. Guangdong, Guangxi.
nous, soft hairy, margin entire or apically serrate. Pedicel to 1
160. Rubus playfairianus Hemsley ex Focke, Biblioth. Bot. cm. Calyx densely sericeous-villous; tube campanulate; sepals
17(Heft 72): 45. 1910. often reflexed in fruit, ovate-lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate,
7–10 × 3–5 mm, margin entire, apex acuminate to caudate.
五叶鸡爪茶 wu ye ji zhao cha
Flowers 1–2 cm in diam. Petals purplish red to reddish, obovate
Rubus cochinchinensis Trattinnick var. stenophyllus Fran- or broadly elliptic, 5–7 × 4–6 mm, basally puberulous. Stamens
chet; R. playfairianus var. stenophyllus (Franchet) Cardot. many, soft hairy. Pistils 25–40, slightly longer than stamens;
 ROSACEAE

styles villous. Aggregate fruit red to reddish black, subglobose, narrower, longer, lanceolate or narrowly oblong, base narrower,
with persistent villous styles. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. broadly cuneate to subrounded, rarely subcordate, margin with
● Clearings on hills, forests; 1000–3000 m. Guizhou, Hubei, thin sharp serrations. Calyx abaxially sometimes with glandular
Shaanxi, Sichuan. hairs.
The young leaves are used for tea. ● Slopes, montane forests; below 2000 m. Hubei, Hunan.

162. Rubus henryi Hemsley & Kuntze, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 162b. Rubus henryi var. sozostylus (Focke) T. T. Yu & L. T.
231. 1887. Lu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37: 185. 1985.
鸡爪茶 ji zhao cha 大叶鸡爪茶 da ye ji zhao cha
Shrubs climbing, to 6 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets brown Rubus sozostylus Focke, Hooker’s Icon. Pl., ser. 3, 10: sub
or reddish brown, densely tomentose at first, subglabrescent, t. 1952. 1891; R. fargesii Franchet; R. sozostylus var. fargesii
with sparse, slightly curved small prickles. Leaves simple; peti- (Franchet) Cardot.
ole 3–6 cm, slender, tomentose; stipules oblong or oblong-lan-
ceolate, free, 1–1.8 cm × 3–7 mm, membranous, villous, mar- Leaf blades palmately 3–5-parted to 1/3–1/2, lobes broad-
gin entire or apically with 2 or 3 teeth, apex acuminate; blade er, shorter, ovate-lanceolate, base broader, subcuneate to cor-
8–15 × 7–14 cm, leathery, abaxially densely gray or yellowish date, margin with coarse sharp serrations. Calyx abaxially with-
gray tomentose, sometimes with sparse, minute prickles on out glandular hairs.
raised veins, adaxially lucid-green, glabrous, base broadly cune- ● Mountainous areas, valleys, sparse forests, thickets; below 2500
ate to subrounded or cordate, palmately 3–5-lobed; lobes lan- m. Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan.
ceolate or narrowly oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 7–11 × 1.5–2.5
cm, margin with sparse, coarse or thin sharp serrations, apex 163. Rubus huangpingensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phyto-
acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, 7–12 tax. Sin. 20: 461. 1982.
cm, 9–20-flowered; rachis and pedicels densely gray or yellow- 黄平悬钩子 huang ping xuan gou zi
ish white tomentose and villous, with few minute needle-like
prickles; bracts oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm × 4–7 Shrubs climbing. Branchlets dark brown, tomentose at first,
mm, membranous, villous, margin entire or apically with few gradually glabrescent, finally glabrous, with sparse, curved mi-
teeth, apex acuminate. Pedicel 5–10 mm. Calyx ca. 1.5 cm, nute prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 3–4 cm, tomentose, some-
gray or yellowish white tomentose and villous, sometimes with times glabrescent; stipules free, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1–
intermixed glandular hairs; sepals reflexed after anthesis, nar- 1.6 cm × 4–6 mm, membranous, glabrous or sparsely puberu-
rowly triangular, 6–10 × 3–5 mm, margin entire, apex acumi- lous, usually lobed or with few teeth apically; blade 7–11 cm
nate to caudate. Petals reddish, narrowly ovate, 7–9 × 3–6 mm, and ca. as broad, subleathery, abaxially densely pale rust color-
both surfaces pilose, base shortly clawed, margin erose or mi- ed tomentose, adaxially glabrous, base truncate to cordate, pal-
nutely crenate, apex obtuse. Stamens many, nearly as long as mately 3-parted to 2/3; lobes elliptic or oblong, 3.5–8 × 2–4 cm,
petals, villous. Pistils slightly longer than stamens, villous. Ag- veins raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, margin
gregate fruit black, subglobose, 1.3–1.5 cm in diam.; persistent with uneven coarse sharp serrations, apex acuminate. Inflores-
styles reddish, villous; pyrenes somewhat reticulate. Fl. May– cences terminal, racemes; rachis and pedicels densely pubes-
Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. cent, with sparse, intermixed stipitate glands and with small
● Slopes, mountainous areas, valleys, forests, thickets; below 2500 needle-like prickles; bracts oblong or oblong-lanceolate, small-
m. Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan. er than stipules, glabrous or slightly puberulous, margin entire
The young leaves are used for tea. or slightly lobed or with few teeth, apex acuminate. Pedicel 1–
1.4 cm. Calyx densely pubescent, with sparse, glandular hairs;
1a. Leaf blades palmately 3–5-parted to 2/3 sepals reflexed, rarely erect in fruit, narrowly triangular or tri-
or more, lobes narrower, longer, angular-lanceolate, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate. Sta-
lanceolate or narrowly oblong, base mens many; filaments linear, basally broad and flat. Pistils nu-
narrower, broadly cuneate to subrounded, merous, longer than stamens; style and ovary villous. Aggre-
rarely subcordate, margin with thin gate fruit red, compressed globose, 1–1.4 cm in diam.; persis-
sharp serrations; calyx sometimes tent styles villous; pyrenes slightly reticulate. Fl. May–Jun, fr.
with glandular hairs abaxially .................. 162a. var. henryi Jul–Aug.
1b. Leaf blades palmately 3–5-parted to
1/3–1/2, lobes broader, shorter, ovate- ● Thickets at mountain summits. S. Guizhou.
lanceolate, base broader, subcuneate 164. Rubus dunnii F. P. Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. J. 19: 22. 1940.
to cordate, margin with coarse sharp
serrations; calyx without glandular 闽粤悬钩子 min yue xuan gou zi
hairs abaxially .................................... 162b. var. sozostylus
Shrubs scandent. Branchlets brown or grayish brown, ter-
162a. Rubus henryi var. henryi ete, initially yellowish brown tomentose, glabrescent, with
sparse, curved minute prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 1–2 cm,
鸡爪茶(原变种) ji zhao cha (yuan bian zhong)
tomentose when young, glabrate in age, with sparse, short
Leaf blades palmately 3–5-parted to 2/3 or more, lobes prickles; stipules caducous, ovate-lanceolate to narrowly ellip-
 ROSACEAE

tic, 6–9 mm, tomentose, apex acuminate; blades broadly ovate, shallowly cordate, margin unevenly serrate to doubly serrate,
5–10 × 3–6 cm, lateral veins 7–9 pairs, prominent abaxially, rarely incised, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, short
leathery, abaxially densely yellowish brown to rust colored to- racemes, 5–8 cm, (1- or)5–7-flowered, or flowers several in
mentose, adaxially green brown, glabrous, base cordate, margin clusters; rachis and pedicels tomentose-villous, with sparse,
shallowly obtusely coarsely serrate, apex acuminate. Inflores- needle-like prickles, with intermixed purplish brown glandular
cences terminal or axillary, racemes, 4–8 cm, few flowered; hairs 1–3 mm; bracts caducous, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate,
rachis, pedicels, and calyx yellowish white tomentose-villous, 4–6 mm, sparsely villous, margin entire or serrate apically.
with sparse, needle-like prickles, with intermixed glandular Pedicel 1–3 cm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially
hairs 1.5–2.5 cm; bracts narrowly elliptic or narrowly ovate-lan- gray tomentose-villous, with intermixed purplish brown gland-
ceolate, abaxially tomentose-villous, with intermixed glandular ular hairs 1–3 mm; sepals reflexed in fruit, ovate to triangular-
hairs, adaxially sparsely hairy, margin entire or lobed, apex acu- ovate, 5–8 × 2.5–4.5 mm, margin entire, apex acute to shortly
minate. Pedicel 2–4 cm. Sepals erect after anthesis, lanceolate, acuminate. Petals white, broadly obovate to suborbicular, 5–7 ×
7–11 × 3–5(–7) mm, margin entire or 2-lobed, apex acuminate. 4–6 mm, both surfaces thinly pubescent, base shortly clawed,
Petals obovate, 7–10 × 4–6 mm, base tomentose, clawed, apex apex obtuse, undulate. Stamens many; filaments inflated basal-
obtuse. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments broad, ly, glabrous. Pistils much longer than stamens; style and ovary
complanate, glabrous. Pistils much longer than stamens. Aggre- glabrous. Aggregate fruit purplish black at maturity, globose,
gate fruit red, subglobose, to 1.5 cm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes 1–1.5 cm in diam., with many drupelets, glabrous; pyrenes
smooth or slightly rugose. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Jun–Jul. distinctly rugose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 28*.
Mixed forests, thickets, slopes, valleys, stream sides; 300–1500 m.
● Slopes, roadsides, rocks, thickets. Fujian, Guangdong.
Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu,
1a. Leaf blades tomentose abaxially, not Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan (Ryukyu Islands)].
glabrescent ............................................... 164a. var. dunnii 166. Rubus doyonensis Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 487.
1b. Leaf blades tomentose abaxially 1933.
when young, glabrescent ................ 164b. var. glabrescens
白薷 bai ru
164a. Rubus dunnii var. dunnii
Shrubs scandent. Branchlets brownish to dark reddish
闽粤悬钩子(原变种) min yue xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong) brown, initially grayish yellow tomentose, glabrescent, with
sparse, curved minute prickles; flowering branchlets shortly
Leaf blades tomentose abaxially, not glabrescent.
stipitate glandular. Leaves simple; petiole 1–2 cm, grayish
● Slopes, roadsides, rocks. Fujian, Guangdong. yellow tomentose-villous, glabrescent, with shortly stipitate
glands; stipules oblong-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm × 3–5 mm,
164b. Rubus dunnii var. glabrescens T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, membranous, pubescent, margin entire, apex acute or obtuse;
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 461. 1982. blade ovate or broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 6–9 × 4–6 cm;
光叶闽粤悬钩子 guang ye min yue xuan gou zi lateral veins 7–9 pairs, slightly raised abaxially, abaxially usu-
ally persistently densely gray tomentose, adaxially glabrous ex-
Leaf blades tomentose abaxially when young, gradually cept slightly pubescent along midvein, base rounded or truncate
glabrescent. to shallowly cordate, margin shallowly undulate, rarely incon-
● Thickets. S Fujian (Zhangzhou Shi). spicuously lobed, with irregular minute sharp serrations, apex
shortly acuminate to caudate. Inflorescences terminal, rarely
165. Rubus swinhoei Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 5, 5: 211. axillary, narrow racemes, 6–10 cm, 6–15(–20) flowered; rachis
1866. and pedicels tomentose-villous, with shortly stalked glands 1–2
mm; bracts oblong-lanceolate, 0.8–1.4 cm × 3–4 mm, membra-
木莓 mu mei
nous, pubescent, margin entire, apex ± obtuse. Pedicel 1–1.5
Rubus adenanthus Finet & Franchet; R. adenotrichopodus cm. Calyx abaxially tomentose-villous, stipitate glandular; se-
Hayata; R. hupehensis Oliver; R. swinhoei var. hupehensis (Oli- pals often reflexed in fruit, lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate,
ver) F. P. Metcalf. 1–1.2 cm, margin entire, apex shortly caudate. Petals white,
obovate or orbicular, nearly as long as sepals, slightly pubes-
Shrubs scandent, 1–4 m tall, deciduous or semievergreen.
cent, base clawed. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments
Branchlets brown to purplish brown, terete, slender, shortly
linear or with broad flat base, glabrous or slightly soft hairy
gray tomentose at first, glabrescent, with few to many curved
only on anthers. Pistils many, slightly longer than stamens;
prickles 1–3 mm. Leaves simple; petiole 5–10(–15) mm, gray
style and ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit black at maturity, sub-
tomentose, sometimes with curved minute prickles; stipules
globose, ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; pyrenes reticulate. Fl. May–Jul, fr.
caducous, ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 5–8 × 3–4 mm,
Aug–Sep.
membranous, slightly hairy, margin entire or serrate apically;
blade ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 5–11 × 2.5–5 cm, veins raised ● Mixed forests, valleys, ravines; 2000–3200 m. N Yunnan.
abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, papery, abaxially gray The seeds are widely used medicinally in Yunnan.
tomentose, or subglabrous, hairs usually persistent on sterile
167. Rubus hanceanus Kuntze, Meth. Sp.-Beschr. Rubus, 72.
branchlets, flowering and fruiting branchlets glabrate, with
1879.
sparse, curved small prickles along midvein, adaxially glabrous
except pubescent along midvein, base rounded or truncate to 华南悬钩子 hua nan xuan gou zi
 ROSACEAE

Rubus fordii Hance; R. hirtiflorus Cardot; R. prandianus with many drupelets; pyrenes distinctly rugose. Fl. Apr–May,
Handel-Mazzetti. fr. Jun–Jul.
Shrubs lianoid or scandent, ca. 1 m tall. Branchlets brown ● Thickets on slopes, forest margins, roadsides, grasslands; 500–
or reddish brown, terete, densely gray tomentose, glabrescent, 1200 m. Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi.
with sparse, curved minute prickles or stipitate glands. Leaves 169. Rubus lichuanensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax.
simple; petiole 1–2 cm, gray tomentose at first, gradually glab- Sin. 20: 462. 1982.
rescent, with sparse, minute prickles; stipules early caducous,
free, oblong or elliptic, villous, stipitate glandular, margin entire 黎川悬钩子 li chuan xuan gou zi
or apically laciniate; blade broadly ovate, 6–11 × 4–8 cm; veins Shrubs climbing, ca. 2 m tall. Branchlets dark brown;
5–7 pairs, prominent abaxially, somewhat impressed adaxially, young shoots rust colored tomentose, glabrate in age, with
not leathery, abaxially densely gray or yellowish gray tomen- sparse, curved prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 1.5–2 cm, rusty
tose, adaxially dark brown, glabrous except soft hairy along tomentose, glabrescent; stipules early caducous, lanceolate to
veins, base cordate, margin lobed, unevenly sharply serrate, oblong-lanceolate, tomentose-villous; blade ovate to ovate-lan-
apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, racemes, 6–9 cm, ceolate, 5–8 × 3–4 cm, abaxially densely rusty tomentose, adax-
loosely few flowered; rachis and pedicels tomentose-villous, ially pilose, base cordate, margin lobed or undulate, irregularly
with stipitate glands 2–4 mm and sparse, needle-like prickles; obtusely coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex acuminate. In-
bracts caducous, oblong or elliptic, 5–8 mm, membranous, vil- florescences terminal or axillary, racemes, few flowered; rachis
lous, with sparse, intermixed stipitate glandular hairs, margin and pedicels rusty tomentose-villous, with short glandular hairs,
entire or apically lobed. Pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm with sparse, needle-like prickles; bracts caducous, lanceolate to
in diam. Calyx abaxially densely tomentose-villous, with pur- oblong-lanceolate, smaller than stipules, tomentose-villous.
plish brown long stalked glands and needle-like prickles; sepals Pedicel 2–3 cm. Flowers more than 1 cm in diam. Calyx abax-
erect, rarely reflexed in fruit, broadly ovate, 1–1.2 cm × 4–6 ially densely rusty tomentose-villous; sepals erect, rarely reflex-
mm, margin entire, apex caudate. Petals broadly elliptic, 8–11 × ed in fruit, narrowly ovate to triangular-ovate, margin entire,
5–7 mm, soft hairy, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens apex acute. Stamens many; filaments broad, flat, glabrous. Pis-
many, shorter than petals; filaments short, broad, complanate; tils numerous. Aggregate fruit black, subglobose, 1–1.6 cm in
anthers slightly villous. Pistils much longer than stamens; style diam., glabrous, with many drupelets; pyrenes prominently ru-
and ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit black, subglobose, 1–1.5 gose. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul.
cm in diam., glabrous; drupelets subreniform or semiglobose; ● Bamboo forests. E Jiangxi (Lichuan Xian).
pyrenes somewhat rugose. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Jul.
170. Rubus refractus H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
● Sparse mixed forests in valleys, bamboo thickets, shaded rocky
places; low elevations. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan.
Veg. 4: 332. 1907.
曲萼悬钩子 qu e xuan gou zi
168. Rubus gressittii F. P. Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. J. 19: 25.
1940. Rubus refractus var. latifolius Cardot; R. rocheri H. Lé-
veillé.
江西悬钩子 jiang xi xuan gou zi
Shrubs scandent, to 3 m tall. Branchlets brown to blackish
Shrubs scandent, 1–3 m tall. Branchlets brownish to red-
brown, villous, glabrescent, with curved minute prickles.
dish brown, slender, gray or yellowish white tomentose when
Leaves simple; petiole 1.5–3 cm, gray or yellowish gray vil-
young, finally glabrate, with sparse, slightly curved small prick-
lous, with sparse, slightly curved prickles; stipules obovate, 7–
les. Leaves simple; petiole 1–1.5 cm, tomentose-villous; stip-
10 × 5–7 mm, membranous, gray or yellowish gray villous,
ules caducous, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 7–11 mm, soft
palmatipartite nearly to base; lobes linear to linear-lanceolate;
hairy; blade lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 5–9 × 2.5–4 cm,
blade narrowly ovate, 6–11 × 3–3.5 cm, abaxially densely gray
veins prominent abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, abax- or yellowish gray tomentose, with intermixed long hairs along
ially densely rusty tomentose, adaxially glabrous, base rounded veins, adaxially sparsely villous, base deeply cordate, margin
to truncate, rarely shallowly cordate, margin shallowly obtusely lobed, often with 2–4 prominent lobes near base, with uneven
serrate, apex shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axil- coarse sharp serrations to doubly serrate, apex shortly acumi-
lary, racemes, 4–8 cm, 4–9-flowered; rachis and pedicels nate. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, lax racemes; rachis
yellowish tomentose-villous, shortly stipitate glandular, with and pedicels densely gray or yellowish gray villous, with
sparse, needle-like prickles; bracts lanceolate to ovate-lanceo- sparse, glandular hairs, unarmed or with few needle-like prick-
late, 5–8 mm, puberulous, without stipitate glands. Pedicel to les on pedicel; bracts obovate, 6–9 × 4–6 mm, villous, pal-
2.5 cm. Flowers 0.8–1.2 cm in diam. Calyx densely pale rusty matipartite; lobes linear, margin with sparse, glandular hairs.
tomentose, sparsely shortly stipitate glandular; sepals erect, Pedicel 1–2(–3) cm. Flowers 1–1.5(–2) cm in diam. Calyx
rarely reflexed in fruit, ovate to triangular-ovate, 4–7 × 2–4 densely gray to yellowish gray villous, with sparse, glandular
mm, margin entire, apex acute. Petals white, tinged yellow, hairs; sepals reflexed in fruit, triangular to ovate-triangular, 8–
ovate or suborbicular, 5–6 × 4.5–5.5 mm, both surfaces thinly 11 × 4–6 mm, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate. Petals
pubescent basally, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens white, broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, 7–10 × 5–8 mm, base
many, shorter than petals; filaments broad, flat, glabrous. Pistils shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens many, shorter than petals;
numerous, longer than stamens; style and ovary glabrous. Ag- filaments broad, complanate, glabrous. Pistils numerous, much
gregate fruit dark red, globose, 8–10 mm in diam, glabrous, longer than stamens, glabrous. Fruit unknown. Fl. Mar–Apr.
 ROSACEAE

● Mixed forests; below 2000 m. Guizhou, Yunnan. 柳氏悬钩子 liu shi xuan gou zi
171. Rubus fujianensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Rubus ilanensis Y. C. Liu & F. Y. Lu.
Sin. 20: 462. 1982.
Shrubs scandent. Branchlets brownish green, thinly floc-
福建悬钩子 fu jian xuan gou zi cose-tomentose at first, glabrescent, with short retrorse prickles.
Shrubs scandent, 2–4 m tall. Branchlets dark brown, Leaves simple; petiole 1.5–3 cm, tomentose, with few prickles;
terete, glabrous. Leaves simple; petiole 1–1.5 cm, initially rust stipules oblong-lanceolate, to 1 cm, margin villous, usually
colored tomentose, glabrescent; stipules caducous, oblong-lan- apically laciniate; blade oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, 7–11 ×
ceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.3 cm, appressed pubescent 1.5–2.5 cm, lateral veins 7–9 pairs, midvein distinctly raised
when young, glabrescent, margin usually entire; blade oblong and abaxially with prickles, impressed adaxially, thickly pa-
to oblong-lanceolate, 13–17 × 2.5–4.5 cm, lateral veins 8–10 pery, abaxially yellowish brown tomentose, adaxially dark, gla-
pairs, raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, leathery, brous, base rounded, margin finely remotely serrate, apex acu-
abaxially densely yellowish brown tomentose, adaxially gla- minate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, loosely 7–
brous, base rounded to truncate, margin entire basally, with 2-flowered; rachis and pedicels tomentose, prickly; bracts ob-
sparse, shallow small serrations on apical 1/2, apex acuminate. long-lanceolate, nearly as long as stipules, with few teeth along
Inflorescences terminal or axillary, short racemes; rachis and margin. Pedicel 1–1.9 cm. Calyx abaxially tomentose; tube cup-
pedicels densely yellowish brown tomentose-villous and with ular; sepals narrowly triangular, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, apex cuspidate.
needle-like prickles; bracts oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceo- Petals pink, rhombic-orbicular to obovate, 2–3 mm, hairy, apex
late, yellowish brown tomentose when young, glabrescent, mar- mucronate. Stamens numerous, shorter than petals; filaments
gin usually entire. Pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm. Flowers to 2 cm in diam. sparsely hairy; anthers with few hairs at apex of connectives.
Calyx abaxially yellowish brown tomentose-villous, with nee- Pistils longer than stamens; styles to 8 mm, hairy; ovaries hairy
dle-like prickles; sepals usually erect in fruit, broadly lanceo- apically. Aggregate fruit reddish to red at maturity, globose, 8–
late, 1–1.4 cm × 5–7 mm, apex shortly acuminate. Aggregate 10 mm in diam., with persistent styles; drupelets reniform, hairy
fruit red, subglobose, 1–1.2 cm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes ru- apically. Fl. May–Aug, fr. Jun–Sep. 2n = 28*.
gose. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul.
● Forests; 1400–1600 m. NE Taiwan.
● Slopes, mixed forests; ca. 1400 m. N Fujian (Chong’an Xian),
Zhejiang. 174. Rubus caudifolius Wuzhi, Fl. Hupeh. 2: 188. 1979.
172. Rubus oblongus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 尾叶悬钩子 wei ye xuan gou zi
20: 462. 1982.
Shrubs scandent. Branchlets densely grayish yellow to
长圆悬钩子 chang yuan xuan gou zi gray tomentose, glabrescent, with sparse, short curved prickles.
Shrubs climbing. Branchlets grayish brown or brown, yel- Leaves simple; petiole 1.5–2.5 cm, grayish yellow to gray to-
lowish to grayish yellow tomentose, gradually glabrescent, with mentose; stipules late caducous, oblong-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm,
sparse, curved small prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 0.8–1.5 membranous, tomentose when young, gradually glabrescent,
cm, yellowish or yellowish gray tomentose, glabrate in age, margin entire, rarely lobed apically; blade oblong-lanceolate to
with sparse, curved minute prickles; stipules oblong-lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, 7–14 × 3–5 cm, veins 5–8 pairs, raised abaxi-
ca. 1 cm in diam., tomentose-villous when young, glabrescent, ally, slightly impressed adaxially, leathery, abaxially densely
margin entire, rarely apically lobed; blade narrowly oblong or rusty tomentellate, adaxially glabrous, base rounded, margin
oblong-lanceolate, 10–15 × 1.5–3(–4) cm, lateral veins 8–11 with shallow minute serrations or coarsely serrate on vegetative
pairs, prominent abaxially, leathery, abaxially densely yellow- branchlets, apex caudate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary,
ish tomentose, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin with racemes, 8–14 cm; rachis and pedicels densely grayish yellow
sparse, shallow sharp serrations, apex caudate. Inflorescences tomentose-villous; bracts caducous, oblong-lanceolate, 1–1.4
terminal and axillary, short racemes, axillary ones 3–4 cm, ter- cm, tomentose-villous when young, margin entire, rarely lobed.
minal ones longer; rachis and pedicels densely yellowish to- Pedicel 1–1.5 cm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Calyx purplish
mentose; bracts oblong-lanceolate, 5–9 mm, tomentose-villous, red, abaxially densely grayish yellow tomentose-villous; tube
margin entire, rarely lobed. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm. Calyx abaxially shallowly cupular; sepals triangular-ovate to triangular-lanceo-
densely tomentose-villous; sepals ovate-lanceolate or triangu- late, margin entire, apex shortly caudate. Petals red, oblong,
lar-lanceolate, 6–9 mm, margin entire, apex acuminate to slightly shorter than sepals, both surfaces puberulous. Stamens
shortly caudate. Petals suborbicular, shorter than sepals, slightly many, slightly pubescent or only anthers sparsely villous. Pistils
pubescent basally, claws nearly absent. Stamens many; fila- longer than stamens; styles villous. Aggregate fruit red when
ments broad, complanate, soft hairy or long hairy only on an- immature, black at maturity, compressed globose, glabrous;
thers. Pistils longer than stamens; style and ovary glabrous. Ag- pyrenes rugose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
gregate fruit red at maturity, subglobose, glabrous; pyrenes
rugulose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. ● Forested slopes, roadsides, thickets; 800–2200 m. Fujian,
Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang.
● Dense forested slopes, thickets; 1700–2100 m. Guizhou, Yun-
nan. 175. Rubus hemithyrsus Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 488.
1933.
173. Rubus liui Yuen P. Yang & S. Y. Lu, Quart. J. Chin. For-
est. 9(2): 111. 1976. 半锥莓 ban zhui mei
 ROSACEAE

Shrubs scandent, 2–3 m tall. Branchlets brown to grayish 1a. Leaf blade oblong-ovate or broadly
brown, terete, tomentose-villous when young, gradually glabre- ovate-lanceolate, 3–5.5 cm wide,
scent, with sparse, curved minute prickles. Leaves simple; margin with dense serrations;
petiole ca. 1 cm, tomentose-villous, with sparse, curved small petiole 10–20 mm ........................... 176a. var. preptanthus
prickles; stipules early caducous, free, brown, ovate-lanceolate, 1b. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate,
7–8 mm, membranous, tomentose-villous; blade oblong-ovate, 1–2 cm wide, margin with sparse
6–12 × 4–6 cm, lateral veins 8–10 pairs, raised and purplish serrations; petiole 3–5 mm ...................... 176b. var. mairei
abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, papery, abaxially dense-
176a. Rubus preptanthus var. preptanthus
ly gray tomentose, adaxially dark green, glabrous or slightly
villous along veins, base subtruncate to shallowly cordate, mar- 早花悬钩子(原变种) zao hua xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
gin with dense coarse abruptly sharp serrations, apex shortly
acuminate. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, racemes, 6–10 Leaf blade oblong-ovate or broadly ovate-lanceolate, 3–
cm, few flowered, axillary ones shorter, flowers sometimes sev- 5.5 cm wide, margin with dense serrations; petiole 1–2 cm.
eral in clusters in leaf axils; rachis and pedicels densely tomen- ● Bamboo forest margins, thickets; 1000–2800 m. Sichuan, Yun-
tose-villous; bracts brown, ovate-lanceolate, 7–10(–12) mm, nan.
subglabrous, margin entire or with few teeth apically. Pedicel
176b. Rubus preptanthus var. mairei (H. Léveillé) T. T. Yu
1.5–3.5 cm. Calyx abaxially densely tomentose-villous; tube 6–
& L. T. Lu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37: 194. 1985.
7 mm in diam.; sepals narrowly ovate or ovate-triangular, 8–11
× 4–6 mm, apex of outer sepals shortly acuminate, laciniate, 狭叶早花悬钩子 xia ye zao hua xuan gou zi
inner sepals mucronate, entire. Petals white, broadly obovate,
7–9 × 5–7 mm, both surfaces thinly pubescent, base clawed, Rubus mairei H. Léveillé, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 22:
margin undulate. Stamens many; filaments ca. 5 mm, glabrous; 232. 1912, not H. Léveillé (1913).
anthers few barbed. Pistils many, glabrous; ovary glabrous; Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate, 1–2 cm wide, margin with
styles ca. 7 mm, slender. Aggregate fruit red. Fl. and fr. sum- sparse serrations; petiole 3–5 mm.
mer.
● Forests, thickets, gravelly slopes; ca. 3100 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
● Forests; 1700–3000 m. W Yunnan.
177. Rubus malifolius Focke, Hooker’s Icon. Pl., ser. 3, 10: t.
176. Rubus preptanthus Focke, Biblioth. Bot. 17(Heft 72): 42. 1947. 1891.
1910.
棠叶悬钩子 tang ye xuan gou zi
早花悬钩子 zao hua xuan gou zi
Shrubs scandent, 1.5–3.5 m tall. Branchlets brown to pur-
Shrubs scandent. Branchlets brownish to grayish brown, plish brown, soft hairy when young, glabrate in age, with sparse,
gray tomentose when young, gradually glabrescent, with sparse, somewhat curved prickles. Leaves simple; petiole (0.6–)1–1.5
curved minute prickles or nearly unarmed. Leaves simple; peti- cm, tomentose-villous at first, later glabrate, sometimes with
ole (0.3–)1–2 cm, tomentose, usually unarmed; stipules cadu- few small needle-like prickles; stipules caducous, brownish, li-
cous, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 0.8–1.4 cm × 2.5–5 mm, near-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 0.8–1.4 cm, membranous, ap-
membranous, appressed villous; blade oblong-ovate or broadly pressed pubescent when young; blade elliptic or oblong-elliptic,
ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 6–12 × (1–)3–5.5 cm, 5–12 × 2.5–5 cm, lateral veins 8–10 pairs, prominent abaxially,
lateral veins 6–9 pairs, prominent abaxially, papery, abaxially abaxially gray appressed tomentose, hairs persistent, but decid-
densely gray to yellowish gray appressed tomentose, adaxially uous on fruiting branchlets, adaxially glabrous or pilose along
glabrous, base rounded to subtruncate, margin unevenly incised veins, base subrounded, margin inconspicuously shallowly ser-
coarsely sharply serrate or sparsely so, rarely doubly serrate, rate or coarsely serrate, apex acuminate, rarely acute. Inflores-
apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, racemes, 4–8 cm, sev- cences terminal, racemes, 5–10 cm; rachis and pedicel densely
eral to more than 10-flowered; rachis and pedicels densely gray tomentose-villous, gradually glabrescent, finally glabrous;
to yellowish gray tomentose-villous; bracts caducous, lanceo- bracts caducous, linear-oblong, 7–11 mm, pubescent initially,
late to linear-lanceolate, 0.8–1.2 cm × 2–4 mm, membranous, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm. Flowers to
villous. Pedicel 7–10 mm. Calyx abaxially densely gray to yel- 2.5 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially densely tomentose-villous;
lowish gray tomentose-villous; tube pelviform; sepals triang- tube pelviform; sepals ovate to triangular-ovate or lanceolate,
ular-ovate to lanceolate, 8–10 × 3–5 mm, margin entire, apex 8–12(–25) × 3–6 mm, margin entire, apex acuminate. Petals
acuminate. Petals white, obovate, 5–7 × 4–6 mm, both surfaces white or white with pink spots, obovate to suborbicular, 0.8–1.2
puberulous. Stamens many, shorter than sepals, glabrous or cm × 7–10 mm, both surfaces thinly pubescent, base shortly
hairy when young, or only anthers slightly villous; filaments in- clawed. Stamens many; filaments subulate, broadened basally,
flated at base. Pistils slightly longer than or nearly as long as slightly villous; anthers hirtose. Pistils much longer than sta-
stamens; ovary glabrous; style glabrous. Aggregate fruit pur- mens; ovary glabrous; styles glabrous, apex clavate. Aggregate
plish black at maturity, semiglobose, 8–10 mm in diam., gla- fruit purplish black at maturity, compressed globose, glabrous,
brous; pyrenes slightly rugose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. with many drupelets; pyrenes slightly rugose or somewhat
smooth. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
● Forests, bamboo forest margins, thickets, gravelly slopes; 1000–
3100 m. Sichuan, Yunnan. ● Slopes, ravines, stream sides, montane valleys, forests, thickets;
 ROSACEAE

400–2200 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, 179. Rubus wardii Merrill, Brittonia 4: 84. 1941.
Yunnan.
大花悬钩子 da hua xuan gou zi
1a. Sepals ovate to triangular-ovate,
8–12(–14) mm .................................... 177a. var. malifolius Rubus gigantiflorus H. Hara; R. gigantiflorus var. chilio-
1b. Sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, canthus Handel-Mazzetti; R. gigantiflorus var. pluvialis Han-
to 25 mm ....................................... 177b. var. longisepalus del-Mazzetti; R. hookeri Focke; R. macrocarpus King ex C. B.
Clarke (1876), not Bentham (1844), nor Gardner (1847).
177a. Rubus malifolius var. malifolius
Shrubs or subshrubs, prostrate, low, ca. 80 cm tall. Branch-
棠叶悬钩子(原变种) tang ye xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong) lets brown or reddish brown, terete, with soft hairs, glandular
Rubus arbor H. Léveillé & Vaniot; R. limprichtii Pax & hairs, and sparse, needle-like or small curved prickles. Leaves
K. Hoffmann. compound, 3-foliolate; petiole 4–6 cm, petiolule of terminal
leaflet to 1 cm, lateral leaflets shortly petiolulate, with sparse,
Sepals ovate to triangular-ovate, 0.8–1.2(–1.4) cm. soft hairs, intermixed glandular hairs and needle-like prickles;
● Slopes, ravines, mixed forests, thickets; 400–2200 m. Guang-
stipules free, brown, 8–10 mm, palmatipartite to middle or
dong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan. base; lobes linear-lanceolate, soft hairy, with glandular hairs;
blade of leaflets variable, terminal one rhombic-ovate, 6–10 ×
177b. Rubus malifolius var. longisepalus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, 4–6 cm, base cuneate, apex acuminate to caudate, lateral leaf-
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 463. 1982. lets suborbicular or ovate, ca. 1/2 as long and wide as terminal
长萼棠叶悬钩子 chang e tang ye xuan gou zi one or smaller, both surfaces soft hairy along veins, abaxially
with minute prickles along veins, base obliquely rounded, mar-
Sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, to 2.5 cm. gin sometimes lobed, unevenly obtusely serrate, apex acute or
● Stream sides, montane valleys, forests; low elevations. N
obtuse. Inflorescences terminal, 1-flowered, rarely flowers in
Guangxi (Longsheng Xian, Rongshui Xian, Xing’an Xian). clusters of 2 or 3; bracts 7–9 mm, palmatipartite; lobes linear to
linear-lanceolate, with glandular hairs and soft hairs. Pedicel 3–
178. Rubus kawakamii Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 4 cm, with soft hairs, glandular hairs, and needle-like prickles.
30(1): 91. 1911. Flowers 3–4 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially with sparse, soft
桑叶悬钩子 sang ye xuan gou zi hairs, glandular hairs, and needle-like prickles; sepals erect, tri-
angular-ovate, 1.5–2(–2.5) cm × 5–8 mm, apex caudate; outer
Shrubs erect, to 1.5 m tall. Branchlets brownish to reddish sepals usually apically laciniate; lobes linear, inner sepals some-
brown, terete, tomentose-villous when young, later glabrate, times entire. Petals greenish white, suborbicular or obovate, 7–9
with few small prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 1–2 cm, slen- mm in diam., much shorter than sepals. Stamens many, much
der, tomentose-villous when young, glabrate in age, unarmed or shorter than petals; anthers oblong. Pistils numerous, densely
with sparse, small prickles; stipules caducous, oblong, 6–10 × glomerate; ovary densely tomentose-villous. Aggregate fruit
2–4 mm, soft hairy, margin entire or with a few teeth; blade somewhat green at maturity, globose, 1.3–2(–2.5) cm in diam.,
oblong or ovate-oblong, 6–10 × 2.5–5 cm, lateral veins 7–10 densely brownish yellow tomentose-villous, outer drupelets
pairs, midvein and veins raised abaxially, slightly impressed dry, inner drupelets fleshy; pyrenes furrowed-rugose. Fl. Jun–
adaxially, papery, abaxially slightly tomentose-villous along Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
veins, glabrate in age, adaxially glabrous but hirsute along mid- Mixed forests, valleys, rocky slopes; 1800–3000 m. SE Xizang,
vein, base broadly cuneate to subcordate, margin undivided, un- NW Yunnan [Bhutan, N Myanmar, Sikkim].
evenly sharply serrate, apex long acuminate. Inflorescences ter-
minal, corymbose racemes, 3–6 cm, 5–9-flowered; rachis and 180. Rubus metoensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax.
pedicels tomentose-villous, with small prickles, with few to Sin. 18: 498. 1980.
many shortly stalked glands; bracts narrowly oblong to ovate, 墨脱悬钩子 mo tuo xuan gou zi
6–9 × 2–4 mm, soft hairy, margin apically divided or with few
teeth along margin. Pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in Shrubs small. Branchlets arching, reddish brown, terete,
diam. Calyx campanulate, abaxially tomentose, unarmed or with with soft hairs and needle-like prickles. Leaves compound, 3-
sparse, minute needle-like prickles, sometimes with shortly foliolate, sometimes simple at apex of flowering branchlets;
stalked glands; sepals erect-spreading after anthesis, triangular- petiole 2–3.5 cm, terminal leaflet shortly petiolulate, lateral
ovate, 5–8 × 2–3 mm, margin usually undivided, apex acute. leaflets subsessile, with soft hairs and needle-like prickles; stip-
Petals obovate, 5–7 × 5–6 mm, both surfaces soft hairy, base ules free, deeply lobed; lobes linear-lanceolate, soft hairy; blade
shortly clawed. Stamens numerous, shorter than petals; fila- of leaflets 3.5–7 × 2–4.5 cm, lateral veins 5–7 pairs, slightly
raised abaxially, terminal one rhombic-ovate, apex shortly acu-
ments linear, broadened and flattened basally. Pistils slightly
minate, lateral leaflets ovate or elliptic, apex acute, abaxially
shorter than or nearly as long as stamens; style and ovary gla-
pubescent and with needle-like prickles along veins, adaxially
brous. Aggregate fruit subglobose, 7–10 mm, glabrous; pyrenes
sparsely appressed pubescent, base cuneate to rounded, margin
reniform, smooth or somewhat shallowly rugose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr.
unevenly coarsely obtusely serrate. Inflorescences axillary, usu-
Aug–Sep. 2n = 28*.
ally 1-flowered in leaf axils; bracts smaller than stipules, deeply
● Mountains; 2000–2800 m. C Taiwan. lobed; lobes linear-lanceolate, soft hairy. Pedicel ca. 1 cm, pu-
 ROSACEAE

bescent, with needle-like prickles. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. apex obtuse. Stamens shorter than petals; filaments purplish
Calyx purplish brown, abaxially sparsely pubescent; tube abax- red, broad, complanate. Pistils 50–70 or slightly more, slightly
ially with sparse, needle-like prickles; sepals triangular-lanceo- shorter than or nearly as long as stamens; ovary and base of
late, apex caudate and with 3 linear lobes, outer sepals some- style densely finely pubescent. Aggregate fruit red, ovoid-glo-
times entire. Stamens many; filaments linear or slightly broader bose, ca. 1 cm in diam., densely finely gray pubescent; pyrenes
basally. Pistils few, shorter than stamens; ovary gray tomentose. smooth or slightly rugulose. Fl. Feb–Mar, fr. Apr–May.
Fruit not seen. Fl. Jul–Aug. ● Roadsides on mountains, ravines; low elevations. Fujian,
● Mixed forests, thickets; ca. 2500 m. SE Xizang (Mêdog Xian). Guangdong, Hunan.

181. Rubus jambosoides Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 4, 15: 182. Rubus lohfauensis F. P. Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. J. 19: 29.
222. 1861. 1940.

蒲桃叶悬钩子 pu tao ye xuan gou zi 罗浮山悬钩子 luo fu shan xuan gou zi

Shrubs scandent, 1–3 m tall. Branchlets brownish or gray- Shrubs scandent. Branchlets terete, yellowish tomentose,
ish brown, terete, glabrous, with sparse, curved prickles. Leaves nearly unarmed. Leaves simple; petiole 2–2.5 cm, tomentose;
simple; petiole robust, 5–10 mm, glabrous; stipules early cadu- stipules caducous; blade lanceolate, 9–12 × 3–4 cm, lateral veins
cous, ovate or elliptic, glabrous; blade lanceolate, 8–12 × 1.5–3 8 or 9 pairs, abaxially whitish tomentose, adaxially remotely
papillose-pilose, minutely glandular, base deeply cordate to
cm, veins obscure, lateral veins 6–8 pairs, leathery, both sur-
subauriculate, margin aristate-serrate, apex acuminate. Inflores-
faces glabrous, abaxially with sparse, curved prickles along
cences 1-flowered, axillary, or terminal at apex of small re-
midvein, base rounded or subtruncate, margin subentire or with
duced branchlets. Pedicel ca. 1 cm, tomentose. Calyx abaxially
sparse, smaller teeth, apex caudate. Inflorescences axillary, 1-
tomentose; sepals ovate. Petals obovoid to oblong, strigose.
flowered; bracts ovate or elliptic, glabrous, margin entire. Pedi-
Aggregate fruit subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam., with few large
cel 5–10 mm, glabrous. Flowers 1–1.8 cm in diam. Calyx
drupelets, glabrous. Fl. and fr. Aug.
greenish red, abaxially glabrous; sepals triangular-lanceolate,
7–11 mm, outer sepals with gray tomentose margin, apex acu- ● Cliffs. Guangdong (Luofu Shan).
minate. Petals white, oblong, longer than sepals, base clawed, This species is incompletely known.

5. Rubus sect. Dalibardastrum (Focke) T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 463. 1982.
刺毛莓组 ci mao mei zu
Rubus subgen. Dalibardastrum Focke, Biblioth. Bot. 17(Heft 72): 39. 1910.
Shrubs or subshrubs, usually densely bristly, less often with needle-like or small prickles. Leaves simple; stipules persistent or
caducous, free, on stem near base of petiole, broad, divided. Flowers bisexual, usually in cymose panicles or short subracemes or
several in clusters or solitary. Aggregate fruit adnate to torus, falling from base of torus at maturity, not hollow.
Eleven species (ten endemic) in China.
1a. Terminal inflorescences large broad cymose panicles with numerous flowers.
2a. Leaves glabrous abaxially, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, not divided; flowers with petals ............ 185. R. wuzhianus
2b. Leaves tomentose or pubescent abaxially, narrowly ovate or suborbicular; flowers with or without petals.
3a. Leaves narrowly ovate, abaxially tomentose, margin undivided or slightly undulate; flowers usually
apetalous ............................................................................................................................................... 183. R. jinfoshanensis
3b. Leaves suborbicular, abaxially pubescent, margin 3–5-lobed, lobes triangular; flowers with petals ........... 184. R. lobatus
1b. Terminal inflorescences subracemes with few flowers or flowers several in clusters or solitary.
4a. Leaves abaxially tomentose.
5a. Leaves 3–5-lobed, suborbicular or broadly ovate, deciduously tomentose, but hairs persistent
abaxially in age; stipules broader, 1–1.5 cm, palmately parted ............................................................... 188. R. tsangorum
5b. Leaves undivided or lobed, abaxially persistent tomentose; stipules narrowly ovate to ovate-
lanceolate, 1.5–2 cm, margin pinnately laciniate lobed.
6a. Leaves ovate to oblong, bristly on both surfaces, not divided or somewhat undulate, coarsely
sharply serrate; stipules tomentose, villous; flowers 2–3 cm in diam. ................................................... 186. R. tricolor
6b. Leaves suborbicular to ovate, bristly only abaxially, margin 3–5-lobed, sharply serrulate; stipules
tomentose; flowers 1–2 cm in diam. ................................................................................................ 187. R. multisetosus
4b. Leaves abaxially pubescent or subglabrous.
7a. Flowers solitary or in clusters of 2–4, terminal or axillary; leaves broadly ovate, undivided, rarely
lobed;outer sepals usually not lobed.
8a. Plants with stalked glands; leaves acute to acuminate apically, both surfaces glabrous or nearly
so; pedicel 2–4 cm; sepals triangular-lanceolate, 0.8–1.4 cm ......................................................... 192. R. ourosepalus
8b. Plants without stalked glands; leaves obtuse, rarely acute apically, both surfaces sparsely villous;
pedicel 5–10 mm; sepals broadly ovate, 7–8 mm ............................................................................ 193. R. polyodontus
 ROSACEAE

7b. Flowers 4–12 in terminal subracemes or several in clusters; leaves suborbicular or broadly narrowly
ovate, lobed; outer sepals usually divided.
9a. Leaves broadly narrowly ovate, terminal lobe several × as long as lateral lobes, apically shortly
acuminate, rarely acute, lateral lobes obtuse; flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam.; stipules deeply laciniate;
sepals narrowly lanceolate; outer sepals 2- or 3-laciniate ................................................................ 191. R. amphidasys
9b. Leaves orbicular or suborbicular, terminal lobe slightly longer than or as long as lateral lobes,
acute, obtuse, or rounded; flowers 1.5–2(–2.5) cm in diam.; stipules palmately parted to middle
or nearly to base; sepals narrowly ovate, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, or broadly ovate-lanceolate
to oblong-ovate; outer sepals leaflike, laciniate, pinnately divided, or dissected apically.
10a. Leaves 3–5-lobed, terminal lobe acute apically, lateral lobes obtuse, rarely acute, margin
coarsely serrate; stipules palmatipartite nearly to base; sepals narrowly ovate or narrowly
ovate-lanceolate; outer sepals leaflike, laciniate or pinnately divided .......................................... 189. R. treutleri
10b. Leaves 5(–7)-lobed, lobes obtuse to rounded apically, margin sharply serrate; stipules
palmatipartite to middle or ca. 1/3 their length; sepals broadly ovate-lanceolate to
oblong-ovate; outer sepals dissected apically .................................................................. 190. R. fanjingshanensis
183. Rubus jinfoshanensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phyto- apex acute to shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axil-
tax. Sin. 20: 463. 1982. lary, terminal ones cymose panicles, large, to 20 cm, axillary
ones narrow panicles or subracemes, shorter; rachis, pedicels,
金佛山悬钩子 jin fo shan xuan gou zi
and abaxial surface of calyx with dense reddish brown glan-
Shrubs scandent, 2–5 m tall. Branchlets brownish to dark dular hairs, bristles and long hairs; bracts 1–1.4 cm, villous,
brown, tomentose, bristly, bristles purplish red, sometimes with with glandular hairs, palmatipartite; lobes lanceolate or linear-
intermixed glandular hairs. Leaves simple; petiole 2–3.5 cm, to- lanceolate. Pedicel 0.8–1.5 cm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Se-
mentose, bristly, bristles purplish red, or with intermixed glan- pals erect in fruit, narrowly lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm, margin slight-
dular hairs; stipules caducous, free, lanceolate or ovate-lan- ly tomentose, apex caudate, outer sepals often shallowly lacini-
ceolate, 7–11 mm, margin laciniate, tomentose, bristly; blade ate; lobes linear. Petals white, broadly obovate, shorter than
narrowly ovate, 8–12 × 5–9 cm, veins yellowish brown, raised sepals, base clawed. Stamens many; filaments linear; anthers
abaxially, abaxially densely yellowish gray tomentose, bristly villous. Ovary glabrous; styles longer than stamens. Aggregate
along midvein, adaxially glabrous or soft hairy only along fruit subglobose, red, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous, enclosed in
veins, base cordate, margin unevenly coarsely sharply serrate, calyx; pyrenes slightly rugose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
undivided or slightly undulate, apex shortly acuminate. Inflo-
rescences terminal or axillary, terminal ones cymose panicles, ● Roadsides in mountains, valleys, thickets; low to medium ele-
vations. Guangdong, Guangxi.
to 24 cm, many flowered, axillary ones smaller; rachis and ped-
icels bristly, bristles purplish red, tomentose or with glandular 185. Rubus wuzhianus L. T. Lu & Boufford, nom. nov.
hairs; bracts lanceolate, 5–9 mm, margin shallowly laciniate,
tomentose, bristly. Pedicel 5–8 mm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. 锯叶悬钩子 ju ye xuan gou zi
Petals usually absent. Sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 6–9 Replaced synonym: Rubus serrulatus Wuzhi, Fl. Hupeh.
× 2–4 mm, both surfaces yellowish gray tomentose, margin 2: 192. 1979, not Foerster (1878), nor Lindeberg ex Areschoug
entire, apex acuminate. Stamens many, shorter than sepals; fila- (1886); R. serratifolius T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu (1985), not P. J.
ments linear. Pistils less than 20, slightly shorter than or nearly Müller & Lefèvre (1859).
as long as stamens; ovary glabrous. Fruit unknown. Fl. Jun–Jul.
Shrubs scrambling, lianoid. Branchlets purplish brown,
● Rocky slopes, forest margins; 1600–2100 m. Chongqing (Jinfo
terete, with dense purplish red long bristles and stalked glands,
Shan), SE Yunnan (Hekou Xian).
with sparse, hooked minute prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 1–2
184. Rubus lobatus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. cm, with dense purplish red long bristles and with sparse, small
20: 464. 1982. prickles; stipules caducous, free, brown, oblong, 1–1.8 cm,
apex entire or with few teeth; blade ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-
五裂悬钩子 wu lie xuan gou zi
lanceolate, 12–17 × 5–9 cm, lateral veins 7–9 pairs, both sur-
Shrubs scandent, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets brownish, terete, faces glabrous, abaxially with minute hooked prickles along
densely villous, bristly, unevenly glandular hairy, with sparse, veins, base cordate, margin irregularly coarsely sharply serrate,
small basally broad prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 4–8 cm, apex caudate. Inflorescences terminal, lax cymose panicles,
with reddish purple glandular hairs, bristly, villous; stipules large; rachis and pedicels with dense purplish red long bristles
caducous, free, brown, 1–1.5 cm, villous, with glandular hairs, and stalked glands; bracts oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.6 cm,
palmatipartite; lobes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate; blade sub- margin entire or serrate. Pedicel 2–4 cm. Flowers 1.2–2 cm in
orbicular, 10–20 cm in diam. and ca. as long, palmately 5-vein- diam. Calyx abaxially densely yellowish tomentose, purplish
ed, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, both surfaces soft hairy, with red bristly, with stalked glands; sepals reflexed after anthesis,
reddish brown glandular hairs and bristles along veins, base ovate-lanceolate, to 1 cm, apex caudate, outer sepals apically 2-
cordate, margin 3–5-lobed; lobes triangular, terminal lobe or 3-laciniate, inner sepals entire. Petals white, suborbicular or
slightly larger than lateral lobes, irregularly sharply serrate, broadly elliptic, thinly pubescent, base barely clawed. Stamens
 ROSACEAE

many; filaments linear or somewhat broader basally; anthers bristly, laciniate. Pedicel 5–10 mm. Flowers 1–2 cm in diam.
sericeous-villous. Pistils nearly as long as or slightly longer Calyx abaxially tomentose, bristly or stipitate glandular; sepals
than stamens; ovary soft hairy apically, glabrescent. Aggregate erect at anthesis, later enclosing fruit, lanceolate, 0.9–1.4 cm ×
fruit reddish black, subglobose, glabrous; pyrenes coarsely ru- 3.5–6 mm, apex acuminate, outer sepals usually laciniate apic-
gose. Fl. May–July, fr. July–Aug. ally, inner sepals entire. Petals white, broadly ovate to oblong,
7–11 × 5–8 mm, abaxially sparsely tomentose, base shortly
● Montane thickets, forest margins in valleys; 1000–1500 m.
clawed. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments broad,
Hubei, Hunan.
complanate. Pistils slightly shorter than or nearly as long as sta-
186. Rubus tricolor Focke, Biblioth. Bot. 17(Heft 72): 40. 1910. mens; ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit subglobose, glabrous,
with many drupelets and persistent styles; pyrenes slightly ru-
三色莓 san se mei
gose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
Shrubs 1–4 m tall, with climbing or creeping branches. ● Montane forests and valleys, grasslands, roadsides, near water
Branchlets brown to dark reddish brown, terete, tomentose, yel- courses; 2200–3000 m. NW Yunnan.
lowish brown bristly or with intermixed glandular hairs. Leaves
simple; petiole 1.5–3.5 cm, tomentose, bristly, with glandular 188. Rubus tsangorum Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 485.
hairs; stipules persistent, free, ovate-lanceolate to narrowly ob- 1933.
long, 1–2 cm × 4–8 mm, margin pinnate-laciniate; lobes lan- 东南悬钩子 dong nan xuan gou zi
ceolate, tomentose, with intermixed long hairs along veins, hairs
deciduous, sometimes sparsely bristly; blade ovate to oblong, Shrubs lianoid, low, 0.3–1.5 m tall. Branchlets brownish to
6–12 × 3–8 cm, veins raised abaxially, abaxially yellowish gray dark brown, terete, villous, unevenly with purplish red glandu-
tomentose, yellowish brown bristly along veins, adaxially dark lar hairs and bristly, sometimes with sparse, needle-like prick-
green, glabrous but sparsely bristly between veins, base sub- les. Leaves simple; petiole 4–8 cm, villous, with purplish red
rounded to cordate, margin undivided or slightly undulate, un- glandular hairs; stipules free, 1–1.5 cm, palmatipartite; lobes li-
evenly coarsely sharply serrate, apex shortly acuminate. Inflo- near or linear-lanceolate, villous, with glandular hairs; blade
rescences terminal, short subracemes, 3–5 cm, several flowered suborbicular or broadly ovate, 6–14 cm in diam., abaxially thin-
or flowers solitary in leaf axils; rachis and pedicels tomentose, ly tomentose, with intermixed long hairs and sparse, glandular
purplish red bristly, or with glandular hairs; bracts narrowly hairs along veins, glabrescent, adaxially villous, with sparse, in-
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 0.9–1.6 cm × 4–7 mm, pinnate-la- termixed glandular hairs along midvein, base deeply cordate,
ciniate; lobes linear to lanceolate, abaxially tomentose-villous, margin distinctly 3–5-lobed, lateral lobes broadly triangular,
bristly, initially with glandular hairs. Pedicel 5–10 mm. Flowers apex obtuse or acute, terminal lobe slightly larger than later-
2–3 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially yellowish brown tomentose, al lobes, broadly triangular-ovate, margin unevenly coarsely
sharply serrate, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Inflorescences
bristly; sepals lanceolate, 0.8–1.2 cm × 4–6 mm, margin entire
terminal or axillary, subracemes, 5–20-flowered, terminal ones
or laciniate, apex acuminate. Petals white, obovate or obovate-
8–13 cm, lateral ones shorter; rachis, pedicels, and abaxial
oblong, 7–9 × 5–7 mm, base shortly clawed, apex emarginate
surface of calyx villous and with purplish red glandular hairs;
or shortly pointed. Stamens many, shorter than petals. Pistils
bracts 0.8–1.2 cm, palmatipartite; lobes linear, villous, with
longer than stamens, glabrous. Aggregate fruit bright red, sub-
glandular hairs. Pedicels unequal in length, longer ones to 2.5
globose, 1.5–1.7 cm in diam.; pyrenes rugose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr.
cm, shorter ones 5–6 mm. Flowers 1–2 cm in diam. Calyx
Aug–Sep. 2n = 28*.
tube cupular, ca. 5 mm; sepals erect in fruit, narrowly triangu-
● Slopes, forests, thickets; 1800–3600 m. Sichuan, Yunnan. lar-lanceolate, 7–12 × 3–5 mm, apex long acuminate and deep-
ly divided into 2 or 3 lanceolate lobes. Petals white, broadly
187. Rubus multisetosus T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Fl. Reipubl. obovate, 6–7 mm, base barely clawed. Stamens ca. 5 mm; fila-
Popularis Sin. 37: 201. 1985. ments linear. Pistils many, much longer than stamens; ovary
刺毛悬钩子 ci mao xuan gou zi glabrous. Aggregate fruit red, subglobose, glabrous; pyrenes
distinctly rugose. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
Rubus polytrichus Franchet (1890), not Progel (1882).
● Sparse montane forests and thickets; 200–1200 m. Anhui,
Shrubs low, to 50 cm tall, with creeping branches. Branch- Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
lets brown to grayish brown, terete, tomentose, yellowish brown
189. Rubus treutleri J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 331. 1878.
bristly or with intermixed stipitate glands. Leaves simple; peti-
ole 1.5–3 cm, tomentose, bristly, or stipitate glandular; stipules 滇西北悬钩子 dian xi bei xuan gou zi
persistent, free, ovate-lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 1–1.6 cm ×
Rubus arcuatus Kuntze; R. rosulans Kuntze; R. tonglooen-
5–9 mm, abaxially tomentose, bristly, shallowly pinnate-lacin-
sis Kuntze.
iate; blade ovate to suborbicular, 3–6 × 3–5.5 cm, veins raised
abaxially, abaxially densely yellowish white tomentose, yellow- Shrubs low, 0.5–1 m tall. Branches grayish brown, brown
ish brown bristly along veins, adaxially glabrous, base cordate, or blackish brown, villous, purplish red stipitate glandular, with
margin 3–5-lobed, sharply doubly serrulate, apex acute. Inflo- sparse, needle-like prickles. Leaves simple; petiole 2.5–5.5 cm,
rescences terminal, short subracemes, 3–5 cm, several flowered, with dense purplish red stipitate glands, long hairs, and sparse,
or flowers solitary in leaf axils; bracts ovate-lanceolate or nar- needle-like prickles; stipules free, 1–1.5 cm, palmatipartite
rowly ovate, 0.8–1.5 cm × 4–8 mm, tomentose when young, nearly to base; lobes linear to linear-lanceolate, villous, stipitate
 ROSACEAE

glandular; blade suborbicular, 6–12 cm in diam., abaxially 191. Rubus amphidasys Focke, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 396. 1900.
densely tomentose-villous when young, glabrate in age, sparse-
周毛悬钩子 zhou mao xuan gou zi
ly stipitate glandular along veins, adaxially sparsely villous but
more densely so along veins, with sparse, stipitate glands along Rubus chaffanjonii H. Léveillé & Vaniot.
veins, base deeply cordate, margin 3–5-lobed, terminal lobe
slightly larger than lateral lobes, margin irregularly coarsely Shrubs trailing, small, 0.3–1 m tall. Branchlets reddish
serrate, apex acute, lateral lobes obtuse, rarely acute. Inflores- brown, with dense reddish brown long stipitate glands, soft
cences terminal, subracemes, 3–4 cm or slightly longer, several bristles, and long yellowish hairs, usually unarmed. Leaves sim-
to more than 10-flowered, or flowers few in clusters in leaf ple; petiole 2–5.5 cm, with reddish brown long glandular hairs,
axils; rachis, pedicels, and abaxial surface of calyx densely vil- soft bristles and yellowish villous; stipules free, 0.8–1.5 cm,
lous, stipitate glandular; bracts 1–1.3 cm, palmatipartite; lobes deeply laciniate; lobes lanceolate or linear, with long glandular
linear, villous, stipitate glandular. Pedicel 5–10 mm. Flowers hairs, villous; blade broadly to narrowly ovate, 5–11 × 3.5–9
1.5–2(–2.5) cm in diam. Calyx tube cupular, ca. 5 mm; sepals cm, both surfaces villous, base cordate, margin 3–5-lobed, ter-
narrowly ovate or narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 0.8–1.5 cm × 5–7 minal lobe much larger and longer than lateral lobes, apex
mm, apex acuminate, outer sepals leaflike, margin laciniate or shortly acuminate, rarely acute, lateral lobes obtuse, unevenly
pinnately divided into lanceolate lobes, inner sepals entire. Pet- sharply serrate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, subracemes,
als pink, suborbicular, 8–11 mm in diam., barely clawed. Sta- 6–12 cm, 5–12-flowered, rarely flowers in clusters of 3–5; ra-
mens many, shorter than petals; filaments broad, flat. Pistils chis, pedicels, and abaxial surface of calyx with dense reddish
nearly as long as stamens; ovary and style glabrous. Aggregate brown long glandular hairs, soft bristles, and yellowish long
fruit red, globose, 8–10 mm in diam., enclosed in calyx; pyre- hairs; bracts 6–9 mm, lobed; lobes linear or lanceolate, vil-
nes densely rugulose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. lous, stipitate glandular. Pedicel 5–14 mm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in
diam. Calyx tube ca. 5 mm; sepals erect in fruit, narrowly lan-
Forests, forest margins; 2300–3400 m. S Xizang (Yadong Xian), ceolate, 1–1.7 cm × 3–5 mm, apex caudate, outer sepals usually
NW Yunnan [Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim]. 2- or 3-laciniate. Petals white, broadly ovate to oblong, 4–7 ×
190. Rubus fanjingshanensis L. T. Lu ex Boufford et al., J. 3–5 mm, base barely clawed, margin premorse or coarsely ser-
Arnold Arbor. 71: 123. 1990. rate. Stamens many; filaments broad, complanate. Pistils longer
than stamens; ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit dark red, com-
梵净山悬钩子 fan jing shan xuan gou zi pressed globose, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous, enclosed in persis-
Shrubs trailing, small. Branchlets brown to brownish, dark tent calyx; pyrenes rugose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
brown in age, terete, villous, with thin needle-like prickles ● Slopes, roadsides, shrub and bamboo thickets; 400–1600 m.
slightly dilated at base, with stalked glands. Leaves simple; Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi,
petiole 4–8 mm, villous, with needle-like prickles, stipitate Sichuan, Zhejiang.
glandular; stipules free, 1.4–1.8 × 1–1.4 cm, both surfaces vil-
192. Rubus ourosepalus Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 290.
lous, with glandular hairs, palmatipartite 1/3–1/2 to base; lobes
1914.
lanceolate to triangular-lanceolate, 3–7 × 1.3–3 mm; blade orbi-
cular or suborbicular, 7–11 × 6.5–11 cm, veins raised abaxially, 宝兴悬钩子 bao xing xuan gou zi
abaxially pale, adaxially dark green, both surfaces appressed
villous, more densely so abaxially, veins glabrescent, sparsely Shrubs lianoid, small, 0.4–1 m tall. Branchlets brown or
hairy in age, abaxially with needle-like prickles, sometimes reddish brown, with needle-like prickles, glandular hairs, and
with sparse, intermixed stalked glands, base deeply cordate, sparse, soft hairs. Leaves simple; petiole 2.5–5.5 cm, with nee-
margin 5(–7)-lobed; lobes obtuse to rounded, terminal lobe dle-like prickles, glandular hairs, and soft hairs; stipules free, 7–
slightly longer than or ca. as long as lateral lobes, margin irreg- 10 mm, palmatipartite nearly to base; lobes linear-lanceolate or
ularly sharply serrate. Inflorescences not seen; infructescences linear, with glandular hairs, intermixed with soft hairs; blade
terminal, short racemes, 4–5 cm, or clusters in leaf axils; rachis, broadly ovate, 5–11 × 3.5–8 cm, both surfaces glabrous or sub-
fruiting pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx villous, with nee- glabrous, with sparse, needle-like prickles along veins, base
dle-like prickles, sometimes with sparse, intermixed stipitate cordate, margin undivided, rarely lobed, sharply serrate, with
glands; bracts similar to stipules, but smaller. Fruiting pedicel sparse, glandular hairs, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences
8–11 mm. Calyx tube cupular; sepals 5, broadly ovate-lanceo- terminal and axillary, 1-flowered or flowers in clusters of 2–4;
late to oblong-ovate, 0.8–1.4 cm × 4–6 mm, outer sepals dis- bracts 5–8 mm, palmatipartite nearly to base; lobes linear or
sected apically; lobes linear to linear-lanceolate, 2–5 × 1–1.5 subulate, soft hairy and stipitate glandular. Pedicel 2–4 cm, with
mm, apex caudate. Stamens many, 3–4 mm; filaments some- needle-like prickles, stipitate glandular and soft hairy. Flowers
what broadened basally; anthers globose or shortly oblong. 1–1.5 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially with needle-shaped prickles,
Pistils numerous, glabrous; torus raised, long hairy. Aggregate stipitate glands, and soft hairs; tube pelviform; sepals erect in
fruit red, subglobose, 7–10 mm in diam., glabrous, with many fruit, triangular-lanceolate, 0.8–1.4 cm, margin entire, rarely 2-
united drupelets, crowned with persistent calyx; pyrenes sub- lobed, apex subulate-acuminate. Petals white, ovate, 5–8 × 4–5
reniform, 1.5–2.5 × 1–1.8 mm, distinctly rugose. Fl. not seen, mm, base with claws nearly absent, apex acute. Stamens many,
fr. Aug–Sep. arranged in several whorls; filaments broad, flat. Pistils shorter
● Mountains; 2000–2300 m. NE Guizhou (Fanjing Shan, Jiang- than stamens; apex of ovary and base of style thinly pubescent
kou Xian). when young, gradually glabrescent. Aggregate fruit red, dry,
 ROSACEAE

semiglobose, enclosed in persistent calyx; pyrenes rugose or both surfaces sparsely villous, abaxially with sparse, needle-like
smooth. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. prickles along midvein, base cordate, margin undivided or
slightly incised, unevenly serrate, apex obtuse, rarely acute. In-
● Montane thickets; ca. 3000 m. C Sichuan (Baoxing Xian).
florescences terminal or axillary, 1-flowered or flowers in
193. Rubus polyodontus Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 484. clusters of 3 or 4; bracts 5–7 mm, villous, deeply lobed; lobes
1933. linear to linear-lanceolate. Pedicel 5–10 mm. Calyx to 1.2 cm,
sparsely villous, with needle-like prickles; sepals broadly ovate,
多齿悬钩子 duo chi xuan gou zi 7–8 × 3–5 mm, margin tomentose, entire, apex caudate-acu-
Shrubs low, 20–40 cm tall. Branches grayish brown to minate or with leaflike appendages. Petals rose, obovate, 5–6
dark brown, creeping, rooting at nodes; branchlets sparsely vil- mm and ca. as broad, glabrous. Stamens ca. 30; filaments ca. 2
lous, with straight needle-like prickles. Leaves simple; petiole mm. Pistils more than 10; ovary soft hairy apically. Aggregate
2–3(–5) cm, villous, with straight needle-like prickles; stipules fruit dry, consisting of few drupelets, enclosed in persistent ca-
free, to 8 mm, villous, deeply divided nearly to base; lobes lyx; pyrenes smooth. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct.
linear to linear-lanceolate; blade broadly ovate, 3–8 × 2.5–6 cm, ● Bamboo thickets, forest margins; 2300–3200 m. NW Yunnan.

6. Rubus sect. Chamaebatus Focke, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 4: 145. 1874.

矮生莓组 ai sheng mei zu

Subshrubs or perennial creeping herbs, with creeping stems, with needle-like prickles or bristles. Leaves simple; stipules per-
sistent, free at junction of stem and petiole, divided or undivided. Flowers bisexual, several in clusters or solitary. Aggregate fruit ad-
nate to torus, falling away from base of torus at maturity, not hollow.
Five species (one endemic) in China.

1a. Stipules undivided, margin or apex toothed or entire; leaves orbicular-ovate or suborbicular, abaxially soft hairy.
2a. Plants with soft hairs and needle-like prickles; petiole 5–10 cm; flowers to 3 cm in diam.; sepals leaflike,
outer sepals pinnately lobed or incised-serrate, inner sepals serrate or entire .................................................. 194. R. calycinus
2b. Plants with soft hairs and reddish brown bristles; petiole 2–5 cm; flowers 1.5–2.3 cm in diam.; sepals
ovate-lanceolate, apex often shallowly laciniate, rarely undivided ........................................................... 195. R. pectinarioides
1b. Stipules pectinately or pinnately laciniate; leaves broadly ovate to suborbicular.
3a. Leaves abaxially tomentose; stipules pectinately or palmately laciniate; stems, petioles, pedicel, and calyx
tomentose and with sparse, needle-like prickles; sepals ovate or triangular-lanceolate, apex often laciniate ........ 196. R. rolfei
3b. Leaves abaxially villous; stipules pectinately parted or deeply digitately divided; stems, petioles and pedicel
villous and with soft bristles or villous and with sparse, needle-like prickles; abaxial surface of calyx densely
minute tomentose and bristly, or with sparse, glandular hairs; sepals lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, entire
or with few serrations or deeply divided or incised.
4a. Stipules pectinately parted; stems, petioles, and pedicels villous and with soft bristles; abaxial surface
of calyx densely minutely tomentose and bristly, or with sparse, glandular hairs; sepals lanceolate,
margin entire ................................................................................................................................................ 197. R. pectinaris
4b. Stipules deeply digitately divided; stems, petioles, pedicel, and calyx villous and with sparse, needle-like
prickles; outer sepals broader, deeply divided or incised, inner sepals narrower, margin few-serrate or
entire .......................................................................................................................................................... 198. R. pectinellus

194. Rubus calycinus Wallich ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. or shallowly 3–5-lobed, irregularly coarsely serrate, apex ob-
235. 1825. tuse or rounded. Inflorescences usually terminal, 1- or 2-flow-
齿萼悬钩子 chi e xuan gou zi ered; bracts ovate, 6–10 × 5–9 mm, coarsely serrate, very rarely
entire. Pedicel 3–5 cm, usually villous, with needle-like prick-
Dalibarda calycina (Wallich ex D. Don) Seringe. les. Flowers to 3 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially with soft hairs
Herbs creeping, 15–20 cm tall, main stems creeping, to 2– and straight subulate prickles; tube broadly pelviform, 3.5–5
3 m long, rooting at nodes, with erect sparsely branched or mm in diam.; sepals leaflike, narrowly ovate to elliptic, 0.8–1.4
unbranched laterals. Stems with sparse, needle-like prickles or cm × 6–11 mm, outer sepals broader, pinnately lobed or in-
nearly unarmed, with sparse hairs. Leaves simple; petiole 5–10 cised-serrate, inner sepals narrower, apex or margin coarsely
cm, villous, with needle-like prickles; stipules ovate, rarely incised-serrate, sometimes entire. Petals white, obovate to el-
obovate, 0.8–1.3 cm × 6–11 mm, margin shallowly coarsely liptic, slightly shorter than sepals, adaxially puberulous, base
serrate, rarely entire; blade orbicular-ovate or suborbicular, 2.5– clawed. Stamens ca. 30–40, shorter than petals; filaments to 6
6 cm in diam., both surfaces pilose when young, gradually gla- mm; anthers ca. 1 mm. Pistils ca. 30–50(–70), slightly shorter
brescent, hairy only along veins in age, abaxially with needle- than stamens; ovary glabrous; styles to 5 mm, glabrous. Ag-
like prickles along veins, base deeply cordate, margin undulate gregate fruit red to dark red, globose, 0.9–1.4 cm in diam., con-
 ROSACEAE

sisting of few drupelets, enclosed in persistent calyx; pyrenes prickles; bracts obovate to ±oblong, 8–10 mm, apex palmately
3–4 mm, rugulose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. or pectinately laciniate, hairy. Pedicel 5–9 mm. Flowers to 2 cm
Slopes, forests, forest margins; 1200–3000 m. Sichuan, S Xizang, in diam. Calyx 1–1.5 cm, abaxially tomentose-villous; sepals
Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Indonesia (Java), N Myanmar, Nepal, Sik- ovate or triangular-lanceolate, 8–10 × 4–7 mm, apex laciniate;
kim]. lobes linear-lanceolate. Petals white, suborbicular or obovate,
7–10 × 6–8 mm, adaxially puberulous, base clawed. Stamens
195. Rubus pectinarioides H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 47: 111. 1972.
many; filaments to 5 mm; anthers to 1 mm, with few long hairs,
匍匐悬钩子 pu fu xuan gou zi rarely glabrous. Pistils fewer than stamens, glabrous. Aggregate
fruit yellow to orange or reddish, globose, 1–1.4 × ca. 1 cm,
Subshrubs creeping, (5–)10–20 cm tall. Stems prostrate, fleshy, with reddish persistent calyx; drupelets obliquely ellip-
rooting at nodes, soft hairy, bristly, usually unarmed. Leaves
soid; pyrenes rugose; seeds reniform. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
simple; petiole 2–5 cm, with soft reddish brown bristles and
2n = 28*, 42*.
hairs; stipules ovate to elliptic, free, 8–10 mm, hairy, margin
entire or rarely apically with few serrations, apex obtuse or Open places, mixed forests; 1300–3800 m. Taiwan [Philippines].
acute; blade orbicular-ovate or suborbicular, 2–4 × 1.5–5 cm,
197. Rubus pectinaris Focke, Biblioth. Bot. 17(Heft 72): 21.
both surfaces pilose, gradually glabrescent, abaxially soft bristly
1910.
along veins, base deeply cordate, margin undulate or 3–5-lobed,
unevenly sharply serrate, apically obtuse or rounded. Inflores- 梳齿悬钩子 shu chi xuan gou zi
cences usually terminal, 1-flowered or flowers in clusters of 2
Rubus allophyllus Hemsley, p.p.
or 3; bracts usually 2, opposite at middle of pedicel, ovate to
elliptic, 5–8 mm, hairy, margin entire or apically lobed. Pedicel Shrubs creeping, 20–40 cm tall. Stems reddish brown to
3.5–6 cm, reddish brown bristly and soft hairy. Flowers 1.5–2.3 purplish brown, slender, soft hairy, sometimes sparsely soft
cm in diam. Calyx abaxially with dense, reddish brown soft bristly. Leaves simple; petiole 3–6 cm, villous or with sparse,
bristles and hairs; tube cupular; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 0.8–1.3 intermixed soft bristles; stipules free, broadly ovate, 5–10 × 4–8
cm × 4–5 mm, margin entire or outer sepals apically lobed, mm, sparsely soft hairy, pectinately lobed; lobes lanceolate;
apex caudate. Petals pink, suborbicular or broadly obovate, 0.8– blade suborbicular, 3–6 × 3.5–6.5 cm, both surfaces villous,
1.4 cm × 7–10 mm, base clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens many, gradually glabrescent, with only sparse hairs along veins in age,
shorter than petals; filaments broad, flat. Pistils nearly equal to base deeply cordate, margin 2- or 3-lobed, crenate or doubly
stamens in length; style and ovary glabrous. Aggregate fruit serrate, apex obtuse. Inflorescences terminal, 2–3 cm in diam.,
red, subglobose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., glabrous, enclosed in per- 1- or 2-flowered; bracts broadly ovate, 5–8 × 4–6 mm, sparsely
sistent calyx; pyrenes smooth. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct. soft hairy, pectinately lobed; lobes lanceolate. Pedicel 2–4 cm,
villous, soft bristly or stipitate glandular. Calyx abaxially dense-
Forests on rocky slopes, rocky stream sides in mountains; 2800–
3300 m. SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, Sikkim]. ly minutely tomentose and with rigid bristles, sometimes with
intermixed stipitate glands; sepals reflexed after anthesis, lan-
196. Rubus rolfei S. Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philipp. 171. 1885. ceolate, 1–1.4 cm × 3–4 mm, margin entire, apex long caudate.
Petals white, oblong, slightly shorter than sepals, base long
高山悬钩子 gao shan xuan gou zi
clawed. Stamens many, shorter than petals. Pistils slightly
Rubus calycinoides Hayata ex Koidzumi (1913), not shorter than or nearly as long as stamens, glabrous. Aggregate
Kuntze (1879); R. calycinoides Hayata var. macrophyllus H. L. fruit with few drupelets. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
Li; R. elmeri Focke; R. hayatae-koidzumii Naruhashi; R. penta- ● Slopes, forests; 2000–3300 m. C Sichuan (Emei Shan).
lobus Hayata; R. rolfei var. lanatus Hayata.
198. Rubus pectinellus Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci.
Subshrubs low, with creeping stems and ascending leafy Saint-Pétersbourg, ser. 3, 17: 147. 1872.
shoots. Stems prostrate, rooting at nodes, densely tomentose-
villous, with sparse, small prickles, sometimes nearly unarmed, 黄泡 huang pao
glabrate in age. Leaves simple; petiole nearly as long as leaf
Rubus pectinellus var. trilobus Koidzumi.
blade, tomentose-villous, with sparse, needle-like prickles; stip-
ules free, obovate to ± oblong, 7–12 mm, membranous, margin Herbs or subshrubs, 8–20(–30) cm tall. Stems creeping,
pectinately or palmately laciniate ca. 1/2 to middle at apex, brown or brownish, rooting at nodes, villous, ± prickly. Leaves
abaxially hairy, adaxially glabrous; blade broadly ovate to simple; petiole 3–6 cm, villous, with needle-like prickles; stip-
suborbicular, 2–6(–9) × 2–5.5(–9) cm, venation pedate, lateral ules free, 6–9 mm, villous, deeply digitately lobed; lobes linear-
veins 4 or 5 pairs, raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, lea- lanceolate; blade suborbicular, 2.5–4.5 × 3–5(–7) cm, venation
thery, abaxially brownish gray tomentose, with long hairs and pedate, lateral veins (1 or)2 pairs, raised abaxially, both sur-
sparse, needle-shaped prickles along veins, adaxially dark faces pilose, abaxially with needle-like prickles along veins,
greenish brown, usually sparsely hairy when young, later gla- base deeply cordate, margin sometimes undulate-lobed or 3-
brous, bullate between veins, base cordate, basal incision to 1 lobed, unevenly dentate or doubly serrate, apex obtuse. Inflo-
cm deep, margin 3–5-lobed; lobes obtuse, unevenly crenate. In- rescences 1-flowered, rarely flowers 2 or 3 in axils of apical
florescences terminal and axillary, 1- or few flowered; rachis leaves; bracts 5–8 mm, villous, palmately lobed; lobes linear-
and pedicels densely tomentose-villous, with sparse, needle-like lanceolate. Pedicel 2–4 cm, villous, with needle-like prickles.
 ROSACEAE

Flowers to 2 cm in diam. Calyx 1.5–2 cm, abaxially villous and ovary and base of style slightly puberulous, glabrescent. Aggre-
with needle-like prickles; tube ovoid-globose; sepals ovate to gate fruit red, globose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., glabrous, with re-
ovate-lanceolate, unequal in length, outer sepals broader, 0.9– flexed sepals; pyrenes nearly smooth or somewhat rugulose. Fl.
1.3 cm × 6–9 mm, deeply divided or incised, inner sepals nar- May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 42.
rower, with few teeth or entire. Petals white, obovate or elliptic, Montane forests and valleys, river banks; 700–3000 m. Fujian,
0.8–1.2 cm × 6–8 mm, glabrous, base clawed. Stamens many, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang
much shorter than petals. Pistils shorter than stamens; apex of [Japan, Philippines].

7. Rubus sect. Cylactis Focke, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 4: 142. 1874.
匍匐莓组 pu fu mei zu
Herbs perennial, creeping, low or dwarf, unarmed, rarely with needle-like prickles. Leaves compound, 3–5-foliolate; stipules
persistent, free, at junction of stem and petiole, broad, occasionally narrow, undivided, rarely divided. Flowers bisexual, several in
clusters or solitary. Aggregate fruit adnate to torus, falling away from base of torus at maturity, not hollow.
Nine species (two endemic) in China.
1a. Leaves simple, 3–5-lobed to -parted, cordate or reniform-cordate; stems, petioles, and pedicels soft hairy or
subglabrous, bristly; petals white ........................................................................................................................ 207. R. humulifolius
1b. Leaves compound, 3–5-foliolate; stems, petioles and pedicels villous, bristly, with glandular hairs or soft
hairy or with needle-like prickles or pubescent; petals white or purplish red.
2a. Leaves 5-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate, lobed or parted; stipules entire.
3a. Leaflets lobed, incised, coarsely sharply serrate, or doubly serrate; sepals ovate-lanceolate; pistils
4–6 ........................................................................................................................................................... 199. R. fragarioides
3b. Leaflets parted, deeply sharply serrate; sepals broadly ovate; pistils ca. 3 or ca. 24.
4a. Pistils ca. 24; stamens ca. 30 in 2 whorls; petals entire or undulate .............................................. 200. R. potentilloides
4b. Pistils ca. 3; stamens ca. 30 in 1 whorl; petals lobed or coarsely serrate .............................................. 201. R. clivicola
2b. Leaves 3-foliolate, undivided; stipules entire or divided.
5a. Stipules pectinately divided, lobes lanceolate, shallowly 3–5-toothed; leaflets suborbicular; stems,
petioles, pedicels, and calyx villous, bristly, with glandular hairs; flowers white, solitary; pistils
10–15 .................................................................................................................................................... 206. R. rubrisetulosus
5b. Stipules entire; leaflets suborbicular, broadly ovate to broadly obovate, rhombic, or ovate-rhombic;
stems, petioles, and pedicel with soft hairs or needle-like prickles, or pubescent, or bristly.
6a. Leaflets rhombic or ovate-rhombic to oblong-rhombic; stems, petioles, and pedicels with soft hairs
or needle-like prickles; flowers purplish red or white.
7a. Leaflets rhombic to obovate-rhombic; stems, petioles, and pedicel pubescent; flowers 1 or 2,
purplish red; pistils ca. 20 ................................................................................................................. 202. R. arcticus
7b. Leaflets ovate-rhombic to oblong-rhombic; stems, petioles, and pedicels sparsely pubescent
and with needle-like prickles, sometimes with sparse, intermixed glandular hairs; flowers
white, several in clusters or corymbs; pistils 5 or 6 ........................................................................ 203. R. saxatilis
6b. Leaflets suborbicular, broadly ovate or broadly obovate; stems, petioles, and pedicels pubescent or
bristly; flowers white.
8a. Stems, petioles, and pedicels only pubescent; abaxial surface of calyx pubescent or sparsely
bristly; petals obovate-oblong to linear-oblong; pistils 4–20 ........................................................ 204. R. fockeanus
8b. Stems, petioles, pedicel, and abaxial surface of calyx villous and reddish brown bristly;
petals broadly obovate; pistils 25–70 or more ........................................................................... 205. R. nyalamensis

199. Rubus fragarioides Bertoloni, Mém. Reale Accad. Sci. hairy. Pedicel 1–3(–5) cm. Calyx abaxially glabrous or soft
Ist. Bologna 12: 236. 1861. hairy; tube shallowly cupular; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 6–10 ×
莓叶悬钩子 mei ye xuan gou zi 2–4 mm, margin entire, apex long acuminate to caudate. Petals
white, obovate, 0.8–1.2 cm × 5–6 mm, apex acute. Stamens
Herbs low, 6–16 cm tall. Stems greenish brown or brown- many, erect, unequal in length, shorter than petals; filaments
ish, woody, soft hairy. Leaves compound, 5- or 3-foliolate; peti- dilated in basal part. Pistils 4–6, shorter than stamens; ovary
ole 3–9 cm, slightly soft hairy; leaflets very shortly petiolulate usually glabrous. Aggregate fruit 7–9 mm in diam., with several
or subsessile; stipules free, ovate or elliptic, 7–10 × 5–7 mm, drupelets, persistent calyx lobes erect; drupelets to 4 mm; pyre-
apex acute or ± obtuse; blade of leaflets obovate to subor- nes rugose. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul–Sep.
bicular, 2–5 × 1.5–3.5 cm, glabrous or soft hairy, base cuneate,
margin usually lobed, incised or coarsely sharply serrate or High mountains, grasslands, slopes, forests, forest margins; 3000–
doubly serrate, apex acute or obtuse. Inflorescences usually ter- 4200 m. W Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, N. Myan-
minal, 1–2 cm in diam.; flowering branchlets and pedicels soft mar, Nepal, Sikkim].
 ROSACEAE

1a. Blade of leaflets and abaxial surface of sharply serrate, apex obtuse. Inflorescences usually 1-flowered.
calyx usually glabrous; flowering Pedicel 6–12 mm, pubescent. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam.
branchlets and pedicels soft hairy Calyx abaxially pubescent; sepals broadly ovate, rarely narrow-
......................................................... 199a. var. fragarioides er, 4–5 × 2–3 mm, apex abruptly acuminate, with blackish tip.
1b. Blade of leaflets and abaxial surface Petals white, broadly elliptic, 6–7 × 4–6 mm, margin entire or
of calyx soft hairy; flowering branchlets undulate, rarely lobed, apex obtuse or subtruncate. Stamens 30,
and pedicels with soft hairs, with or in 2 whorls, outer sepals ca. 2 mm, inner sepals shorter; fila-
without glandular hairs. ments broad, flat; anthers small. Pistils ca. 24; ovary glabrous;
2a. Flowering branchlets and pedicels styles ca. 2 mm, slender; stigma truncate. Fruit unknown. Fl.
with soft hairs, without glandular Jun–Jul.
hairs ........................................... 199b. var. pubescens Mixed forests in high mountains; 2700–3500 m. NW Yunnan [N
2b. Flowering branchlets, pedicels, Myanmar].
or base of calyx with soft hairs
and glandular hairs ................ 199c. var. adenophorus 201. Rubus clivicola E. Walker, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 32: 262.
1942.
199a. Rubus fragarioides var. fragarioides
矮生悬钩子 ai sheng xuan gou zi
莓叶悬钩子(原变种) mei ye xuan gou zi (yuan bian zhong)
Herbs perennial, dwarf, 3–10(–12) cm tall. Stems brown
Rubus arcticus Linnaeus var. fragarioides (Bertoloni) or purplish brown, prostrate, slender, rooting at nodes, pubes-
Focke. cent. Leaves compound, 5-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate; petiole
1–2 cm, pubescent, petiolule of leaflets 2–5 mm; stipules free,
Blade of leaflets and abaxial surface of calyx usually gla- ovate or suborbicular, 3–4 mm, puberulous, margin entire, apex
brous. Flowering branchlets and pedicels soft hairy. obtuse; blade of leaflets obovate to suborbicular, 0.5–1.5 cm ×
High mountains; 3000–4200 m. Xizang [Bhutan, NE India, N 6–11 mm, both surfaces pilose when young, rarely with scat-
Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim]. tered brown glandular hairs abaxially, base cuneate, margin
deeply 3-divided nearly to midvein, with 3 distinct lobes; lobes
199b. Rubus fragarioides var. pubescens Franchet, Pl. Dela- sharply divided again into deep sharp incised teeth, apex ob-
vay. 203. 1890. tuse. Inflorescences 1-flowered. Pedicel 1–2 cm, pubescent.
柔毛莓叶悬钩子 rou mao mei ye xuan gou zi Flowers 1–1.2 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially pubescent; sepals
broadly ovate, 5–7 × 3–5 mm, apex shortly acuminate. Petals
Blade of leaflets and abaxial surface of calyx soft hairy. white, ovate to broadly elliptic, 6–8 × 4–5 mm, glabrous, mar-
Flowering branchlets and pedicels with soft hairs, without glan- gin lobed or coarsely serrate. Stamens 30, 1-seriate, much
dular hairs. shorter than petals; filaments broad, complanate; anthers ovoid,
● Slopes, forests, forest margins; 3300–4000 m. S Xizang, NW small. Pistils ca. 3, ca. 2.5 mm; filaments slender; ovary gla-
Yunnan. brous, smooth. Aggregate fruit glabrous when young. Fl. Jul–
Aug, fr. Aug–Sep.
199c. Rubus fragarioides var. adenophorus Franchet, Pl.
Delavay. 203. 1890. Rocky slopes, forests; 2800–4200 m. NW Yunnan [N Myanmar].

腺毛莓叶悬钩子 xian mao mei ye xuan gou zi 202. Rubus arcticus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 494. 1753.
Rubus franchetianus H. Léveillé; R. yui E. Walker. 北悬钩子 bei xuan gou zi
Blade of leaflets and abaxial surface of calyx soft hairy. Herbs dwarf, 10–30 cm tall. Roots creeping, nearly woody.
Flowering branchlets, pedicels, or base of calyx with soft hairs Stems greenish or greenish brown, slender, pilose, unbranched
and glandular hairs. or branched. Leaves compound, 3-foliolate; petiole longer, pi-
● Grasslands on slopes, forests; 3000–4000 m. W Sichuan, SE Xi- lose, petiolule of terminal leaflet to 0.5 cm; lateral leaflets sub-
zang, NW Yunnan. sessile; stipules free, ovate or oblong, 5–7 × 3–5 mm, herba-
ceous, pubescent, margin entire, apex acute or obtuse; blade of
200. Rubus potentilloides W. E. Evans, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. leaflets rhombic to obovate-rhombic, terminal leaflet 3–5 cm,
Edinburgh 13: 179. 1921. slightly longer than lateral leaflets, abaxially pilose, adaxially
委陵悬钩子 wei ling xuan gou zi subglabrous, base narrowly cuneate, margin irregularly sharply
serrulate or doubly serrate, sometimes shallowly incised, apex
Herbs perennial, dwarf, 3–8 cm tall. Stems prostrate, root- acute or obtuse. Inflorescences usually terminal, 1–2 cm in
ing at nodes, slender, pubescent when young, glabrescent; flow- diam., usually 1-flowered, sometimes flowers 1 or 2 in leaf
ering branchlets erect, pubescent. Leaves compound, 5-folio- axils, bisexual or incompletely unisexual. Pedicel 2–4 cm, pu-
late, rarely 3-foliolate; petiole 1–3 cm, pubescent, petiolule of bescent. Calyx turbinate, abaxially pubescent; tube cupular; se-
leaflets 2–4 mm; stipules free, broadly elliptic or suborbicular, pals 5–10, ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 5–8 × 2–3
3–4 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse; blade of leaflets subor- mm, apex acuminate. Petals purplish red, broadly obovate,
bicular, 3–8(–12) × 4–10 mm, both surfaces glabrous or pu- rarely oblong or spatulate, 0.8–1.2 cm × 6–8 mm, base clawed,
berulous, base cuneate, margin deeply divided nearly to mid- sometimes apically emarginate. Stamens erect, shorter than pet-
vein, with 3 distinct lobes; lobes sharply divided again, deeply als; filaments linear, inflated basally. Pistils 20, glabrous or pi-
 ROSACEAE

lose abaxially, shorter than stamens. Aggregate fruit dark red, leaflets with oblique base, margin unevenly coarsely obtusely
semiglobose, not more than 1 cm in diam., with few drupelets, serrate, apex obtuse. Inflorescences terminal, to 2 cm in diam.,
persistent sepals reflexed; pyrenes nearly smooth or slightly ru- 1- or 2-flowered; bracts elliptic, smaller than stipules, membra-
gulose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 14. nous, puberulous, margin entire or toothed. Pedicel 2–5 cm,
pubescent, sometimes bristly. Calyx abaxially pubescent, or
Slopes, forests, ravines; ca. 1200 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning,
Nei Mongol [Korea, Mongolia, Russia; N Europe]. intermixed sparsely reddish brown bristly; sepals 5 or more,
ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 7–10 × (2–)3–4 mm,
203. Rubus saxatilis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 494. 1753. undivided, rarely shallowly laciniate, apex long acuminate. Pet-
石生悬钩子 shi sheng xuan gou zi als white, obovate-oblong to linear-oblong, 7–11 × 3–5 mm,
base clawed. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments en-
Cylactis saxatilis (Linnaeus) A. Löve. larged toward base. Pistils 4–20, shorter than stamens; ovary
glabrous or slightly puberulous; styles glabrous or basally
Herbs 20–60 cm tall. Stems greenish brown, terete, slen-
slightly pubescent. Aggregate fruit red, globose, glabrous,
der; sterile stems creeping, with minute needle-like prickles,
with few semiglobose drupelets; pyrenes rugose. Fl. May–Jun,
sparsely pubescent, sometimes with stalked glands. Leaves usu-
fr. Jul–Aug.
ally compound and 3-foliolate, rarely simple and divided; peti-
ole 2–3.5 cm, pilose, with minute needle-like prickles; lateral Grassy slopes, forests; 2000–4000 m. Hubei, Sichuan, S Xizang,
leaflets subsessile, petiolule of terminal leaflet 1–2 cm; stipules Yunnan [Bhutan, N Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim].
free, on flowering branches ovate or elliptic, 5–8 × 3–5 mm, on 205. Rubus nyalamensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax.
creeping branches narrower, lanceolate or linear-oblong, pu- Sin. 18: 499. 1980.
bescent, margin entire; blade of leaflets ovate-rhombic or ob-
long-rhombic, terminal leaflet 5–7 cm, slightly longer than lat- 聂拉木悬钩子 nie la mu xuan gou zi
eral leaflets, both surfaces pubescent, more densely so along Herbs perennial, low. Stems creeping, rooting at nodes,
veins abaxially, base subcuneate or obliquely subcuneate, mar- slender, with reddish brown soft bristles and soft hairs. Leaves
gin often coarsely doubly serrate, rarely incised-serrate, lateral compound, 3-foliolate; petiole 4–6 cm, petiolule of leaflets 2–5
leaflets sometimes 2-lobed, apex acute. Inflorescences corymbs mm, villous, reddish brown bristly; stipules persistent, free,
or flowers several in clusters; peduncles unequal in length, brown, ovate, membranous, soft hairy, margin entire or apically
shorter ones ca. 5 mm, longer ones to 3 cm; bracts ovate or el- serrate, apex acute or obtuse; blade of leaflets broadly ovate to
liptic, rarely linear-oblong, pubescent, margin entire. Pedicel 6– suborbicular, 1–3 × 0.8–2.8 cm, both surfaces sparsely villous,
10 mm, pilose, with minute needle-like prickles, often with abaxially with sparse bristles along veins, base cuneate, lateral
stalked glands. Flowers less than 1 cm in diam. Calyx turbinate, leaflets with oblique base, margin doubly serrulate, sometimes
sometimes pelviform in fruit, abaxially pubescent; sepals ovate- lobed, apex obtuse. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, to 2 cm
lanceolate, 5–7 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acuminate. Petals white, in diam., 2–4-flowered, rarely 1-flowered; bracts ovate, soft
spatulate or oblong, 6–9 × 3–5 mm, glabrous, base clawed, hairy, margin entire or apically deeply divided-serrate. Pedicel
erect. Stamens many, much shorter than petals; filaments erect, 1–4 cm, slender, villous, reddish brown bristly. Calyx abaxially
base inflated, apex subulate, incurved. Pistils 5 or 6, nearly villous and reddish brown bristly; sepals triangular-ovate to
equaling stamens. Aggregate fruit red, globose, 1–1.5 cm in ovate-lanceolate, margin often laciniate, rarely entire, apex
diam., glabrous, with larger drupelets; pyrenes oblong, alveo- acute to acuminate. Petals white, broadly obovate, slightly long-
late-pitted. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 28. er than sepals, base shortly clawed. Stamens many; filaments
Stony soils, thickets, forests; below 3000 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, erect, much shorter than petals. Pistils ca. 25–70 or more; ovary
Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia; Eu- glabrous or pilose adaxially. Aggregate fruit red, globose, gla-
rope, North America]. brous, with many drupelets; pyrenes smooth. Fl. May–Jun, fr.
Jul–Aug.
204. Rubus fockeanus Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. 44(2): 206.
1875. ● Grasslands on slopes, forests, near water courses; 2000–3000 m.
S Xizang.
凉山悬钩子 liang shan xuan gou zi
206. Rubus rubrisetulosus Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 289.
Rubus allophyllus Hemsley, p.p.; R. loropetalus Franchet; 1914.
R. nutans Wallich var. fockeanus (Kurz) Kuntze; R. radicans
Focke. 红刺悬钩子 hong ci xuan gou zi
Herbs perennial, creeping, without prickles and glands, Herbs perennial, dwarf, 10–20 cm tall. Stems brownish or
sometimes with intermixed small glandular hairs. Stems pros- dark purplish red, creeping, rooting at nodes, thinly villous, in-
trate, rooting at nodes, slender, pubescent. Leaves compound, termixed bristly or stipitate glandular. Leaves compound, 3-
3-foliolate; petiole 2–5 cm, pubescent, terminal leaflet shortly foliolate; petiole 4–7 cm, slender, thinly villous, sparsely bristly
petiolulate, lateral leaflets subsessile; stipules free, elliptic, 5–7 and stipitate glandular, petiolule of leaflets 2–5 mm; stipules
× 3–5 mm, membranous, margin entire, rarely toothed, apex ± free, ovate-oblong or obovate, 6–9 mm, basally attenuate, apex
obtuse or shortly pointed; blade of leaflets suborbicular to pectinately lobed; lobes lanceolate, sometimes with 3–5 shal-
broadly obovate, 2.5–4 × 3.5–5 cm, abaxially pilose along low teeth, thinly villous, stipitate glandular; blade of leaflets
veins, adaxially pilose, base broadly cuneate to rounded, lateral suborbicular, 2–3.5 cm in diam., both surfaces sparsely appress-
 ROSACEAE

ed villous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, lateral leaflets with 葎草叶悬钩子 lu cao ye xuan gou zi
distinctly oblique base, margin serrulate or doubly serrate, apex
Herbs perennial, dwarf, 10–30 cm tall. Rhizomes creeping,
obtuse. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, 1.8–2.5 cm in blackish brown, slender, much branched. Stems erect or as-
diam., 1-flowered; bracts similar to stipules, 5–8 mm, palmately cending, soft hairy, rarely glabrous, prickly-bristly. Leaves sim-
lobed; lobes lanceolate or linear, villous, stipitate glandular. ple; petiole 2–6 cm, pubescent or subglabrous, ± prickly-bristly;
Pedicel 2–4 cm, slender, villous, with purplish red bristles and stipules often caducous, inconspicuous; blade cordate or reni-
stipitate glands. Calyx abaxially densely and finely villous, pur- form-cordate, 4–8 × 3.5–9 cm, abaxially greenish, pubescent,
plish red bristly, with stalked glands; sepals narrowly ovate- with few bristles, adaxially green, bristly pilose at first, gla-
lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, 1–1.8 cm × 3–5(–6) mm, brescent, base cordate, margin palmately 3–5-lobed; lobes ovate
margin entire, apex long caudate. Petals white, obovate-oblong or suborbicular, apex obtuse or acute, irregularly doubly serrate.
or oblong, 1–1.5 cm × 4–6 mm, base gradually attenuate into Inflorescences terminal, 1-flowered, rarely 2- or 3-flowered.
claw, apex obtuse. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments Pedicel 1–2 cm, bristly. Calyx abaxially pubescent; sepals erect
slightly inflated. Pistils ca. 10–15, shorter than stamens, gla- or spreading, narrowly lanceolate, 7–9 mm, apex caudate. Pet-
brous. Aggregate fruit red, globose, to 1 cm in diam., glabrous; als white, lanceolate, longer than sepals, apex acuminate. Sta-
pyrenes prominently rugose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. mens many, much shorter than petals; filaments of outer sta-
mens dilated. Aggregate fruit red at maturity, globose, ca. 1 cm
● Montane forests, ravines, waste fields; 2000–3500 m. Sichuan,
in diam., glabrous; pyrenes foveolate. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug. 2n =
Yunnan.
14.
207. Rubus humulifolius C. A. Meyer, Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Coniferous forests, moist thickets. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mon-
Reiches 57. 1848. gol [Korea, Mongolia, Russia].

8. Rubus sect. Chamaemorus Focke, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 4: 142. 1874.
单性莓组 dan xian mei zu
Herbs perennial, dioecious, creeping, dwarf, unarmed. Leaves simple; stipules persistent, free, at junction of stem and petiole,
broader, leaflike, undivided. Inflorescences 1-flowered. Aggregate fruit adnate to torus, falling away from base of torus at maturity,
not hollow.
One species in China.

208. Rubus chamaemorus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 494. 1753. cm in diam., usually staminate larger than pistillate, to 3 cm in
diam. Calyx abaxially pubescent, sometimes with intermixed
兴安悬钩子 xing an xuan gou zi
short glandular hairs; tube 1.5–2 mm; sepals erect, spreading, 4
Herbs perennial, dwarf, 5–30 cm tall, dioecious, with long or 5, oblong, 0.8–1.2 cm × 4–6 mm, apex obtuse or acute. Pet-
branched creeping rhizomes. Stems annual, somewhat woody, als 4 or 5, white, obovate, 1.4–1.8 cm × 7–10 mm, apex retuse.
simple, erect, 30 cm tall, with few squamous leaves, pubescent, Stamens shorter than petals; filaments long, linear, basally
with intermixed sparse, short glandular hairs. Leaves simple; somewhat broadened. Pistils abortive in staminate flowers; in
petiole 3–6(–9) cm, pubescent or with sparse, short glandular pistillate flowers ca. 20; styles linear, long, but stamens not
hairs when young; stipules free, leaflike, brownish, oblong, 5– developed or without anthers in pistillate flowers. Aggregate
10 × 4–7 mm, pubescent, with sparse, intermixed short glan- fruit orange-red or becoming yellowish brown, subglobose, ca.
dular hairs when young, glabrescent; cauline leaf blade reni- 1 cm in diam., glabrous; pyrenes smooth or slightly rugulose.
form or orbicular, 4–9 cm in diam., abaxially pubescent, ± with Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 56.
intermixed short glandular hairs when young, adaxially sub-
Forests, mossy bogs, mossy tundra. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning.
glabrous or slightly pilose, base cordate, margin 5–7-lobed;
[Japan, Korea, Russia; C and N Europe, North America].
lobes obtuse, with uneven coarse sharp serrations. Inflores-
cences terminal, 1-flowered. Pedicel 3.5–6 cm, pubescent, with The edible fruit are harvested commercially and are used in pre-
sparse, intermixed short glandular hairs. Flowers unisexual, 2–3 serves and juices.

The following taxa have been described from or reported for China, but we have seen no specimens and are therefore unable to
treat them in this account. Further revision is necessary.
Rubus calophyllus C. B. Clarke (J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 19. 1889), Rubus parapungens H. Hara (Bull. Univ. Mus. Univ. Tokyo 2: 58. 1971;
described from India, reported for Xizang (“Tibet”): F. K. Ward R. horridulus J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 341. 1878, not P. J.
6321. Mueller, 1868; R. pungens Cambessèdes var. horridulus H. Hara):
Rubus chui Handel-Mazzetti (Oesterr. Bot. Z. 90: 121. 1941), described a specimen (at E, not seen) from SE Xizang has been identified as
from Sichuan: K. L. Chu 3019; K. L. Chu 3533. this taxon (Eona Aitken, pers. comm.).
Rubus hiemalis Focke (Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 20: 105. Rubus pekinensis Focke (Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 20: 104.
1917, not Kuntze, 1879), described from Taiwan: O. Warburg 1917), described from Hebei: O. Warburg 6549.
10161. Rubus rectangulifolius Kuntze (Meth. Sp.-Beschr. Rubus, 60, 78. 1879),
Rubus nigricaulis Prochanov (Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada described from China: G. Staunton s.n.
RSFSR 5: 54. 1924), described from Yunnan: A. Henry s.n. Rubus sinosudrei H. Léveillé (Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 24: 251.
 ROSACEAE

1914), described from Guizhou: J. Esquirol 3506. Rubus viburnifolius Franchet (Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 1: 63. 1895,
Rubus sweginzowianus Sivers ex Focke (Biblioth. Bot. 17(Heft 72): not Focke, 1910, nor (Greene) Rydberg, 1913), described from
188. 1911), described from Gansu: M. v. Sivers s.n. Yunnan (“Tchen-fong-chan”): Delavay s.n.

29. DRYAS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 501. 1753.

仙女木属 xian nu mu shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba
Shrublets evergreen, low and prostrate, hermaphroditic, rarely polygamous. Leaves alternate, petiolate; stipules adnate to peti-
ole, persistent; leaf blade simple, abaxially white, margin entire to subpinnatifid, recurved. Flowers solitary, pedicellate. Hypanthium
concave, short, glandular hairy. Sepals (6–)8(–10), persistent. Petals (6–)8(–10), white, sometimes yellow, obovate. Stamens numer-
ous, in 2 series, free. Disk lining hypanthium. Carpels numerous, free; style terminal, plumose. Achenes numerous, terminating in a
persistent, plumose style. x = 9.
Between three and 14 species: mountains of Arctic and N temperate zone; one species in China.

1. Dryas octopetala Linnaeus var. asiatica (Nakai) Nakai, Fl. recurved and obtusely serrate, apex rounded. Flowering stems
Sylv. Kor. 7: 47. 1918. 2–3 cm, elongating to 7 cm in fruit, densely white tomentose,
branched villous, and densely glandular hairy. Flowers 1.5–2.5
东亚仙女木 dong ya xian nu mu
cm in diam. Hypanthium 7–9 mm, sparsely white floccose,
Dryas octopetala f. asiatica Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: densely dark purple branched villous, and dark purple and light
233. 1916; D. ajanensis Juzepczuk; D. nervosa Juzepczuk; D. yellow glandular hairy. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, 5–6 mm, abax-
octopetala subsp. nervosa (Juzepczuk) Hultén; D. octopetala ially dark purple branched villous and white pilose, adaxially
subsp. tschonoskii (Juzepczuk) Hultén; D. tschonoskii Juzepc- villous near apex, apex subacute. Petals white or creamy white,
zuk. obovate, 8–14 mm, glabrous, apex rounded. Stamens numer-
Shrublets 3–6 cm tall. Roots woody. Stems tufted, ous; filaments 4–5 mm, glabrous. Style sericeous. Achenes
prostrate, much branched from base. Stipules mostly adnate to brown, long ovoid, 3–4 mm, villous, terminating in a plumose
petiole, linear-lanceolate, 4–5 mm, membranous, villous, mar- style 1.5–2.5 cm. Fl. and fr. Jul–Aug.
gin entire, apex acute; petiole 4–20 mm, densely white tomen- Alpine meadows; 2200–2800 m. S Jilin (Changbai Shan, Fusong
tose and yellow-brown branched villous; leaf blade elliptic, Xian), Xinjiang (Tian Shan) [Japan, Korea, E Russia (Kamchatka,
broadly so, or suborbicular, 5–20 × 3–12 mm, subleathery, Sakhalin)].
abaxially white tomentose, yellowish brown branched villous
on veins, adaxially pilose or glabrous, veins abaxially elevated, Dryas octopetala var. octopetala occurs in mountainous regions
lateral veins in 7–10 pairs, base truncate or subcordate, margin of Asia, Europe, and North America.

30. GEUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 500. 1753.

路边青属 lu bian qing shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba
Herbs perennial, rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous. Stipules adnate to and sheathing petiole; radical leaves pinnate or pseu-
dopinnate; terminal leaflet largest; lateral leaflets often in alternating larger and smaller pairs; cauline leaves few, often 3-foliolate or
bractlike. Flowers solitary or in corymbs, bisexual. Hypanthium turbinate or hemispheric. Sepals 5, valvate, persistent; epicalyx seg-
ments 5, small, alternate with sepals. Petals 5, yellow, white, or red, orbicular or obovate. Stamens numerous, crowded. Disk lining
hypanthium, smooth or ribbed. Carpels numerous, borne on prominent, usually cylindric receptacle, free; ovule ascending; style fili-
form, jointed; stigma slightly recurved or hooked, minute. Achenes sessile or stipitate, small, hooked at apex of beak. Seed erect;
testa membranous; cotyledons oblong. x = 7.
About 70 species: widespread in temperate zones of both hemispheres; three species in China.

Wu Zhengyi (editor’s note) believes that Geum sensu lato may include Acomastylis and even Taihangia.

1a. Flowers nodding, 2–2.5 cm in diam.; sepals erect, ± purplish; petals yellow with purple stripes, semicordate, base
long clawed ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3. G. rivale
1b. Flowers erect, not more than 1.5 cm in diam.; sepals spreading, green; petals yellow, ovate or obovate, base not
clawed.
2a. Receptacle hispidulous, hairs ca. 1 mm; cauline leaves 2–6-foliolate, sometimes repeatedly pinnatifid;
terminal leaflet of radical leaves broadly rhombic-ovate or obovate-lanceolate, apex usually acuminate,
rarely acute ........................................................................................................................................................... 1. G. aleppicum
2b. Receptacle hirtellous, hairs 2–3 mm; upper cauline leaves usually simple, entire or 3-lobed; terminal leaflet
of radical leaves ovate to broadly obovate, apex rounded, rarely acute ............................................................. 2. G. japonicum
 ROSACEAE

1. Geum aleppicum Jacquin, Icon. Pl. Rar. 1: 10. 1781. date or cuneate, margin coarsely obtusely or acutely serrate,
路边青 lu bian qing apex rounded; cauline leaves: stipules green, herbaceous, mar-
gin irregularly coarsely crenate; leaf blade of lower leaves 3-
Geum aleppicum var. bipinnatum (Batalin) Handel-Maz- foliolate, of upper ones simple, entire or 3-lobed, segments ob-
zetti; G. intermedium Besser ex Marschall von Bieberstein tuse or acute at apex. Inflorescence terminal, laxly several flow-
(1808), not Ehrhart (1791), nor Willdenow (1806), nor Tenore ered. Flowers 1.5–1.8 cm in diam.; pedicel densely rigid hairy
ex Nyman (1878); G. potaninii Juzepczuk; G. strictum Aiton; and pubescent. Sepals triangular-ovate, apex acuminate; epi-
G. strictum var. bipinnatum Batalin; G. vidalii Franchet & calyx segments elliptic-lanceolate, minute, ca. 1/2 as long as
Savatier. sepals, pubescent abaxially, apex acute. Petals yellow, subor-
Roots fascicled, fibrous. Stems erect, 30–100 cm tall, to- bicular, longer than sepals. Style terminal, twisted at joint ca.
gether with petioles spreading rigid hairy, rarely glabrescent. 1/4 way from apex; proximal section pilose; distal section
Radical leaves lyrate-pinnate, 5–15 cm including petiole, usu- deciduous at fruit maturity. Achene aggregate ovoid to ellip-
ally with 2–6 pairs of leaflets, both surfaces sparsely rigid hairy; soid; fruiting receptacle hirtellous, hairs 2–3 mm; achenes hir-
leaflets unequal, terminal one largest, broadly rhombic-ovate or tellous; proximal section of style persistent, glabrous, apex
compressed orbicular, 4–15 × 5–15 cm, base broadly cordate to hooked. Fl. and fr. May–Oct.
cuneate, margin usually irregularly coarsely serrate, apex ob- ● Thinned forests, thickets, grassy mountain slopes, river banks,
tuse or acute; cauline leaves: stipules green, leaflike, ovate, field margins; 200–2300 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guang-
large, margin irregularly coarsely serrate; leaf blade pinnate, xi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shan-
sometimes repeatedly lobed; terminal leaflet lanceolate or obo- dong, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
vate-lanceolate, base cuneate, apex often acuminate or shortly Geum japonicum var. japonicum occurs in Japan and Korea.
so. Inflorescence terminal, lax. Flowers 1–1.7 cm in diam.;
pedicel pubescent or hirtellous. Sepals ovate-triangular, apex This species is used medicinally.
acuminate; epicalyx segments lanceolate, minute, ca. 1/2 as 3. Geum rivale Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 501. 1753.
long as sepals, abaxially pubescent and villous, apex acuminate,
rarely 2-fid. Petals yellow, suborbicular, longer than sepals. 紫萼路边青 zi e lu bian qing
Style terminal, twisted at joint ca. 1/4 way from apex; proximal Roots robust, terete. Stems erect, 25–70 cm tall, pilose or
section pilose; distal section deciduous at fruit maturity. Achene hirtellous. Radical leaves lyrately pinnate, 10–35 cm including
aggregate obovoid; fruiting receptacle hispidulous, hairs ca. 1 petiole, with 2–4 pairs of leaflets, both surfaces scattered
mm; achenes hirtellous; proximal section of style persistent, strigose; leaflets unequal, terminal one largest, usually rhombic-
glabrous, apex hooked. Fl. and fr. Jul–Oct. ovate, lobed, 4–9 × 3–8 cm, base broadly cuneate or subtrun-
cate, margin markedly incised-lobed to 3-parted and coarsely
Forests, open places in forests, grassy mountain slopes, river and
stream banks, fields; 200–3500 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, He-
serrate, apex rounded; cauline leaves: stipules green, ovate-
nan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, elliptic, lobed to parted, herbaceous; leaf blade simple, 3-lobed
Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [widespread in N temperate zone]. or 3-parted. Inflorescence usually nodding, laxly 2–4-flowered.
Flowers 2–2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel densely yellow pubescent
This species is used medicinally and as a source of oil. and pilose. Sepals ovate-triangular, apex acuminate; epicalyx
2. Geum japonicum Thunberg var. chinense F. Bolle, Notizbl. segments usually purplish, linear-lanceolate, minute, 1/3–1/2 as
Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 210. 1931. long as sepals, apex acuminate. Petals yellow, purple-brown
striate, semiorbicular, longer than sepals, base abruptly tapered
柔毛路边青 rou mao lu bian qing into a rather long claw. Style terminal, filiform, twisted at joint;
Roots fascicled, fibrous. Stems erect, 25–60 cm tall, to- proximal section yellow villous; distal section deciduous at fruit
gether with petioles yellow pubescent and rigid hairy. Radical maturity. Fruiting receptacle hirtellous, hairs 1.5–2 mm;
leaves lyrate-pinnate, 5–20 cm including petiole, usually with 1 achenes yellow villous; proximal section of style persistent. Fl.
or 2 pairs of lateral leaflets and several segments, both surfaces and fr. May–Aug.
sparsely strigose; leaflets unequal, terminal one largest, ovate to Thickets, meadows in valleys, ravine gravels; 1200–2300 m.
broadly obovate, lobed or not, 3–8 × 5–9 cm, base broadly cor- Xinjiang [widespread in Arctic and N temperate zone].

31. ACOMASTYLIS Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 174. 1906.

羽叶花属 yu ye hua shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba
Herbs perennial, low, tufted, with stout rootstock. Radical leaves pinnate; leaflets numerous, margin cleft or toothed; cauline
leaves few, reduced. Flowers terminal, solitary or very few in cymes. Hypanthium ± turbinate. Sepals 5, valvate; epicalyx segments
smaller, alternate with sepals. Petals 5, yellow. Stamens numerous, inserted at mouth of hypanthium. Carpels numerous, densely
hirsute or only sparsely so near apex, apically tapered into persistent, glabrous style; ovule basal; style not elongating in fruit. x = 7.
About 15 species: E Asia, North America; two species in China.
 ROSACEAE

1a. Radical leaves broadly linear in outline, interrupted or compacted pinnate, with 9–13 pairs of leaflets; sepals green, ca.
2 × as long as epicalyx segments; petals glabrous; style glabrous or sparsely pilose at base ............................................. 1. A. elata
1b. Radical leaves lyrately pinnate, with 5–10 pairs of leaflets; sepals usually purple-brownish yellow, 3–4 ×
as long as epicalyx segments; petals abaxially sparsely pilose; style hirsute except at apex ................................ 2. A. macrosepala
1. Acomastylis elata (Wallich ex G. Don) F. Bolle, Repert. evenly thickened throughout its length and deciduous in fruit. The in-
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 72: 83. 1933. dumentum of the achene is variable, even in one individual, and var.
leiocarpa cannot be distinguished on the basis of having a glabrous or
羽叶花 yu ye hua sparsely pilose achene.
Rootstock stout, terete. Flowering stems to 40 cm tall, 1b. Acomastylis elata var. humilis (Royle) F. Bolle, Repert.
pubescent. Radical leaves 12–24 cm including petiole; stipules Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 72: 84. 1933.
green, ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, margin entire; petiole 1–4
cm, pubescent or pilose, rarely glabrescent; leaf blade broadly 矮生羽叶花 ai sheng yu ye hua
linear in outline, interrupted or compacted pinnate, with 9–13 Sieversia elata var. humilis Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1:
pairs of leaflets, both surfaces pilose or glabrescent; leaflets 207. 1835; Geum elatum var. humile (Royle) J. D. Hooker;
semiorbicular, 4–25 × 3–22 mm, proximal ones smaller, base Potentilla adnata Wallich ex Lehmann.
broadly cuneate, mostly adnate to axis, margin irregularly cre-
nate and ciliate, apex rounded; cauline leaves reduced and Plants rather low. Radical leaves compacted pinnate.
bractlike, oblong-lanceolate, parted. Inflorescence terminal, cy- Cymes 1(–3)-flowered. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.
mose, 2–6-flowered. Flowers 2.8–3.5 cm in diam.; pedicel pu- Alpine meadows; 3500–5400 m. Qinghai, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhu-
bescent. Sepals green, ovate-triangular, apex acute; epicalyx tan, Nepal, Sikkim].
segments linear-lanceolate, minute, ca. 1/2 as long as sepals,
2. Acomastylis macrosepala (Ludlow) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li in
abaxially pubescent. Petals yellow, broadly obovate, ca. 2 × as
T. T. Yu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37: 225. 1985.
long as sepals, glabrous, apex emarginate. Ovary glabrous,
sparsely pilose only near apex, or densely hirsute, apically 大萼羽叶花 da e yu ye hua
tapered into style; style terminal, not twisted, glabrous or
Geum macrosepalum Ludlow, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
sparsely pilose at base; stigma minute. Achenes ovoid; style
Hist.), Bot. 5: 271. 1976.
persistent. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.
Alpine meadows; 3500–5400 m. Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Rootstock stout, terete; lateral roots many. Flowering stems
Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Kashmir, Nepal, Sikkim]. erect or ascending, 30–70 cm tall, pubescent or hirtellous. Radi-
cal leaves 10–15 cm including petiole; leaf blade lyrately
1a. Plants 20–40 cm tall; radical leaves interrupted pinnate, with 5–10 pairs of leaflets, appressed pilose or strigose;
pinnate; cymes 2–6-flowered ......................... 1a. var. elata terminal leaflet rather large, ovate or reniform, not lobed, 5–6 ×
1b. Plants rather low; radical leaves compacted 4–7 cm, base deeply cordate, margin irregularly obtusely cre-
pinnate; cymes 1(–3)-flowered .................. 1b. var. humilis nate, apex rounded; lateral leaflets smaller than terminal one;
1a. Acomastylis elata var. elata cauline leaves: stipules green, oblong-ovate, herbaceous, mar-
gin serrate or subentire; leaf blade simple, obovate or broadly
羽叶花(原变种) yu ye hua (yuan bian zhong) ovate, slightly 5–7-lobed, 10–40 × 5–20 mm. Flower 1(or 2),
Geum elatum Wallich ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 526. 1832; erect, rarely nodding, 2.5–3.5 cm in diam. Sepals ovate or
Acomastylis elata var. leiocarpa (W. E. Evans) F. Bolle; G. ela- broadly so, apex acute; epicalyx segments usually purple-
tum var. leiocarpum W. E. Evans; Sieversia elata (Wallich ex brownish yellow, ovate, 1/4–1/3 as long as sepals, abaxially hir-
G. Don) Royle. sute. Petals yellow, sometimes purple-brown at apex, obovate,
nearly equaling sepals, abaxially sparsely pilose, base tapered
Plants 20–40 cm tall. Radical leaves interrupted pinnate. into a claw, apex emarginate. Style terminal, filiform, not twist-
Cymes 2–6-flowered. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug. ed, hirsute but glabrous distally. Achenes long ellipsoid, 5–6
Alpine meadows; 3500–5400 m. Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang [Bhu- mm when ripe, hirsute; style erect, short, persistent. Fl. and fr.
tan, Kashmir, Nepal, Sikkim]. Aug–Sep.
Acomastylis elata var. elata is similar to Coluria longifolia, but Meadow and thickets on mountain slopes; 3800–4400 m. Xizang
differs in having a persistent style; the latter species has a filiform style [Bhutan, India, Sikkim].

32. TAIHANGIA T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 471. 1980.
太行花属 tai hang hua shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba
Herbs perennial, with stout rhizome, andromonoecious or androdioecious. Radical leaves simple, sometimes with 1 or 2 minute
ovate or elliptic lobules on distal part of petiole. Scape with a few 3-sect bracts. Flower 1(or 2), terminal. Hypanthium obconic or
turbinate. Sepals 5, valvate; epicalyx segments 5, smaller than sepals. Petals 5, white. Stamens numerous, inserted on margin of
hypanthium. Disk annular, glabrous. Carpels shortly stipitate at base of ovary; those in male flowers few, sterile, glabrous; those in
female flowers many, spirally inserted on receptacle, pilose; style terminal, elongated; stigma slightly dilated. Achenes pilose. x = 7*.
 ROSACEAE

● One species.

1. Taihangia rupestris T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax. coarsely crenate or undulate crenate ....... 1a. var. rupestris
Sin. 18: 471. 1980. 1b. Petiole markedly pilose, leaf blade
cordate-ovate, rarely triangular-ovate,
太行花 tai hang hua
base usually subcordate, margin
Petiole 2.5–10 cm, glabrous, or sparsely or markedly pi- usually densely serrate, rarely
lose; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, cordate-ovate, or rarely triang- slightly lobed, markedly ciliate ................... 1b. var. ciliata
ular-ovate, 2.5–10 × 2–8 cm, abaxially glabrescent or very
sparsely pilose on veins at base, adaxially glabrous, base trun- 1a. Taihangia rupestris var. rupestris
cate, rounded, subcordate, or rarely broadly cuneate, margin 太行花(原变种) tai hang hua (yuang bian zhong)
coarsely crenate, undulate crenate, or densely serrate, rarely
slightly lobed, sometimes markedly ciliate, apex rounded. Petiole glabrous or sparsely pilose; leaf blade ovate or el-
Scape 4–15 cm tall, glabrous or sometimes sparsely pilose, with liptic, abaxially glabrescent or very sparsely pilose on veins at
1–5 opposite or alternate, sterile bracts; bracts 3-sect with seg- base, adaxially glabrous, base truncate or rounded, rarely broad-
ments lanceolate, glabrous. Flower(s) 3–4.5 cm in diam. Hy- ly cuneate, margin coarsely crenate or undulate crenate. Fl. and
panthium glabrous. Sepals pale green or often purplish, ovate- fr. May–Aug.
elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate. Petals
● Cliffs on shady slopes; 1100–1200 m. N Henan (Taihang Shan).
obovate-elliptic, apex rounded. Style elongated to 16 mm,
pubescent, glabrous near apex. Fruiting receptacle slender, 1b. Taihangia rupestris var. ciliata T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta
elongated to 10 mm, ca. 1 mm in diam. Achenes 3–4 mm with Phytotax. Sin. 18: 472. 1980.
hairs ca. 0.5 mm. Fl. and fr. May–Aug.
缘毛太行花 yuan mao tai hang hua
● Cliffs on shady slopes; 1000–1200 m. S Hebei, N Henan.
Petiole markedly pilose; leaf blade cordate-ovate, rarely
1a. Petiole glabrous or sparsely pilose, leaf blade
triangular-ovate, base usually subcordate, margin usually
ovate or elliptic, abaxially glabrescent or
densely serrate, rarely slightly lobed, markedly ciliate. Fl. May–
very sparsely pilose on veins at base,
Jun.
adaxially glabrous, base truncate or
rounded, rarely broadly cuneate, margin ● Cliffs on shady slopes; 1000–1200 m. S Hebei (Wu’an Xian).

33. COLURIA R. Brown, Chlor. Melvill. 18. 1823.

无尾果属 wu wei guo shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba
Herbs perennial, low, rhizomatous, softly tomentose. Leaves mostly radical; leaf blade interrupted pinnatisect; lobes obovate,
margin crenate; cauline leaves sessile among connate stipules and entire or 3-fid. Inflorescence erect, few-flowered, bracteate. Hy-
panthium obconic, eventually elongated, 10-ribbed. Sepals 5, valvate, persistent; epicalyx segments minute. Petals 5, yellow or
white, larger than sepals. Stamens numerous, in 2 or 3 series; filaments free, persistent in fruit. Disk lining hypanthium, glabrous.
Carpels numerous, inserted on short receptacle; ovule ascending from base of locule; style subterminal, erect, deciduous. Achenes
numerous on columnar receptacle, included in hypanthium, compressed, rugose.
Five species: China, Mongolia, Russia; four species (all endemic) in China.

1a. Radical leaf blades lyrately pinnate.

2a. Carpels and achenes markedly papillate .................................................................................................................... 1. C. henryi
2b. Carpels and achenes rigidly hairy .......................................................................................................................... 2. C. omeiensis
1b. Radical leaf blades pinnate, but not lyrately so.
3a. Radical leaf blades regularly interrupted pinnate, leaflets in 9–20 pairs, proximal ones smaller, distal ones
larger; flowers 1.5–2.5 cm in diam.; carpels numerous; carpels and achenes glabrous ....................................... 3. C. longifolia
3b. Radical leaf blades irregularly interrupted pinnate, leaflets in 4 or 5 pairs, variously sized; flowers ca. 1 cm
in diam.; carpels ca. 4; carpels and achenes markedly papillate ......................................................................... 4. C. oligocarpa

1. Coluria henryi Batalin, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. margin entire or 1- or 2-serrate; petiole 1–2.5 cm, densely yel-
Sada 13: 94. 1893. low-brown villous; leaf blade lyrately pinnatisect, 5–18 cm;
大头叶无尾果 da tou ye wu wei guo rachis longitudinally ribbed, densely yellow-brown villous;
leaflets in 4–10 pairs, laxly arranged at intervals of up to 1 cm;
Coluria henryi var. grandiflora Cardot; C. henryi var. terminal leaflet ovate, broadly so, or oblong-ovate, 3–7 × 1.5–6
pluriflora Cardot. cm, yellow-brown villous, base cordate, margin obtusely ser-
Rhizome long, slender, covered with remains of old leaves. rate, apex rounded; lateral leaflets sessile, ovate or oblong-
Radical leaves: stipules ovate, both surfaces pilose or ciliate, ovate, 2–16 × 0.5–11 mm, densely villous, base oblique, margin
 ROSACEAE

triangular dentate, apex acute; cauline leaves: leaf blade ovate, 3. Coluria longifolia Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-
1–1.5 cm, margin entire or 3-lobed. Flowering stems radical, Pétersbourg 27: 466. 1882.
ascending, 6–30 cm tall, spreading pilose, 1–4-flowered; bracts
无尾果 wu wei guo
ovate or oblong, ca. 1.5 cm, both surfaces pilose, margin ser-
rate. Flowers 2–2.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium obconic, 3–5 mm, Coluria elegans Cardot; C. elegans var. imbricata Cardot;
densely villous. Sepals triangular-ovate, ca. 5 mm, abaxially C. longifolia f. uniflora T. C. Ku; C. purdomii (N. E. Brown)
pilose, adaxially glabrous or subpilose, apex acute; epicalyx W. E. Evans; Geum elatum Wallich ex G. Don var. humile
segments minute, lanceolate, 1–2 mm, abaxially pilose, apex Franchet (1890), not (Royle) J. D. Hooker (1878); Potentilla
acute. Petals yellow or white, obovate, 5–10 mm, glabrous, purdomii N. E. Brown.
base shortly clawed, apex emarginate. Filaments 5–6 mm. Car-
Radical leaves: stipules ovate, both surfaces pilose or mar-
pels numerous; ovary ovoid; style erect. Achenes brown, ovoid
gin ciliate, margin entire or 1- or 2-serrate; petiole 1–3 cm,
or obovoid, 1–1.5 cm, papillate. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. May–Jul.
sparsely villous, base decurrent, membranous; leaf blade inter-
● Rocks; 1600–2400 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan. rupted pinnate, 5–10 cm, with 9–20 pairs of leaflets; rachis sul-
cate, villous; leaflets sessile, proximal ones ovate or oblong, 1–
2. Coluria omeiensis T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(3):
3 × 0.5–1 mm, base oblique, margin entire or obtusely crenate,
19. 1990.
ciliate; distal leaflets broadly ovate to suborbicular, 0.5–1.5 cm
峨眉无尾果 e mei wu wei guo × 3–8 mm, base oblique, margin sharply serrate, yellow ciliate,
apex rounded or acute; cauline leaves 1–4, broadly linear, 3-
Plants 10–30 cm tall. Radical leaves 7–15 cm including
lobed or pinnately lobed, 1–1.5 cm. Flowering stems erect,
petiole; leaf blade pinnatisect; rachis hirsute; leaflets sessile, in
branched distally, 4–20 cm tall, pubescent; inflorescence cy-
4–10 pairs, variously sized, terminal one largest, others becom-
mose, (1 or)2–4-flowered; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 3–4 mm,
ing smaller toward leaf blade base; terminal leaflet ovate or
long ciliate. Flowers 1.5–2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–2.5 cm,
broadly so, 2–6 × 1.5–4.5 cm, both surfaces sparsely villous,
densely pubescent. Hypanthium campanulate, ca. 2 mm, to-
base cordate, margin obtusely incised serrate, apex rounded;
gether with sepals abaxially densely pubescent and villous. Se-
lateral leaflets 2–10 × ca. 2 mm, both surfaces hirsute. Flow-
pals triangular-ovate, 3–4 mm, apex acute; epicalyx segments
ering stems to 20 cm tall, hirsute, 2–4-flowered; bracts usually
oblong, ca. 2 mm, villous and ciliate, apex rounded. Petals yel-
3-lobed, sometimes irregularly lobed, both surfaces hirsute.
low, obovate or obcordate, 5–7 mm, glabrous, apex emarginate.
Flowers 2–3 cm in diam. Sepals triangular-lanceolate or ovate-
Stamens 40–60; filaments persistent, shorter than petals, gla-
lanceolate, 6–8 × 3–4 mm, hirsute, apex acuminate; epicalyx
brous, base dilated. Carpels many; ovary cylindric, glabrous;
segments narrowly oblong, 1–3 × ca. 1 mm, hirsute, apex acu-
style filiform, glabrous. Achenes black-brown, long globose,
minate. Petals white or yellow, obovate, 1–1.5 × ca. 1 cm. Sta-
ca. 2 mm, glabrous. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct.
mens numerous; filaments 5–6 mm. Carpels numerous; ovary
hispidulous or hairy; style erect, base hispidulous or glabrous. ● Alpine meadows; 2700–4600 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xi-
Achenes long ovoid or ellipsoid, 1–1.5 cm, rigidly hairy. Fl. zang, Yunnan.
and fr. Apr–Jun. This species is used medicinally.
● 1200–2400 m. Guizou, Shaanxi, Sichuan. 4. Coluria oligocarpa (J. Krause) F. Bolle, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
This species is similar to Coluria henryi, but differs in having the Berlin-Dahlem 11: 210. 1931.
ovary hispidulous or hairy (vs. papillate).
汶川无尾果 wen chuan wu wei guo
1a. Petals yellow; ovary and style base
Geum oligocarpum J. Krause, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
hispidulous ............................................. 2a. var. omeiensis
Veg. Beih. 12: 412. 1922.
1b. Petals white or yellow; ovary hairy,
style base glabrous ......................... 2b. var. nanzhengensis Rhizome covered with remains of old leaves. Radical
leaves few; stipules ovate, tiny, margin long ciliate, apex round-
2a. Coluria omeiensis var. omeiensis
ed; petiole 1–2 cm, spreading villous; leaf blade interrupted
峨眉无尾果(原变种) e mei wu wei guo (yuan bian zhong) pinnate, 5–10 cm; leaflets in 4–6 pairs, laxly arranged, sessile,
obovate-flabellate, nearly 3-lobed, 0.6–1.2 × 0.5–1.5 cm, ter-
Petals yellow. Ovary and style base hispidulous. Fl. May.
minal one largest, lateral ones variously sized, both surfaces
● About 2400 m. C Sichuan (Emei Shan). and margin densely appressed villous; lobes broadly cuneate at
base, margin irregularly serrate, apex rounded; cauline leaves
2b. Coluria omeiensis var. nanzhengensis T. T. Yu & T. C.
ca. 3, sessile, oblong-ovate, 3-lobed, 1–1.5 cm × 4–5 mm.
Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(3): 20. 1990.
Flowering stems 2 or 3, erect, branched distally, 15–30 cm tall,
光柱无尾果 guang zhu wu wei guo pubescent; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 3–5 mm, pilose, margin sev-
eral serrate, apex acute. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–
Petals white or yellow. Ovary hairy; style base glabrous.
2 cm. Hypanthium obconic, 2–3 mm, abaxially pubescent. Se-
Fl. Apr–May.
pals ovate-triangular, ca. 2 mm, pubescent, margin ciliate, apex
● 1200–2300 m. Guizhou, Shaanxi, Sichuan. rounded; epicalyx segments linear-oblong, ca. 1 mm, margin
 ROSACEAE

ciliate, apex rounded. Petals white, obovate, 5–7 mm, glabrous, villous. Achenes brown, ovoid or obovoid, 2–3 mm, densely
base shortly clawed, apex truncate or emarginate. Filaments papillate. Fl. and fr. Apr.
shorter than petals, base pilose. Carpels ca. 4; ovary ovoid,
apically thickened, papillate; style slightly thickened at base, ● Ravines, grassy places. Sichuan.

34. WALDSTEINIA Willdenow, Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 2: 105. 1799.
林石草属 lin shi cao shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba
Herbs perennial, creeping. Radical leaves alternate; stipules rather large, membranous; leaf blade 3–5-fid or palmately 3–5-
foliolate; segments or leaflets crenate or incised at margin. Inflorescence laxly cymose, 1–5-flowered, bracteate. Hypanthium long
obconic or turbinate. Sepals 5, valvate, persistent; epicalyx segments 5, minute or absent. Petals 5, subequaling or longer than sepals.
Stamens numerous, in 3 series; filaments persistent. Disk lining mouth of hypanthium. Carpels 2–6, inserted on short, villous recep-
tacle, small; ovule solitary, ascending; style subterminal, filiform, deciduous above articulate base; stigma capitate, entire. Achenes
dry or slightly fleshy, hairy, apex scarred. Seed erect; testa membranous. x = 7.
About six species: N temperate zone; one species in China.

1. Waldsteinia ternata (Stephan) Fritsch, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: brous, rarely slightly pubescent. Sepals triangular-ovate,
449. 1889. glabrous or abaxially sparsely pilose, apex acuminate or 2- or 3-
serrate; epicalyx segments lanceolate, much shorter than sepals.
光叶林石草 guang ye lin shi cao
Petals yellow, elliptic to rhombic-elliptic, nearly 2 × as long as
Dalibarda ternata Stephan, Zap. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Imp. sepals. Achenes black-brown, cylindric to obliquely obovoid,
Moskovsk. Univ. 1: 129. 1806; Comanopsis sibirica (Tratt) 2–3 mm, white villous. Fl. and fr. May–Jun.
Seringe; Waldsteinia sibirica Tratt.
Damp forests; 700–1000 m. S Jilin (Changbai Shan) [Japan, E
Rhizome prostrate. Radical leaves 7–10 cm including peti- Russia (Sakhalin, E Siberia); C and E Europe].
ole; stipules brown, abaxially subglabrous, margin ciliate; peti-
ole glabrous or apically pilose; leaf blade 3-foliolate; petiolules The eastern Asian and European populations are widely disjunct,
short, sparsely pilose; leaflet blade abaxially purplish, adaxially separated by over 5000 km.
green, rhombic-ovate to obovate, 1–4 × 1–3.5 cm, both surfaces
Waldsteinia ternata var. glabriuscula T. T. Yu & C. L. Li was des-
sparsely pilose or glabrescent, base cuneate or broadly so, mar- cribed in FRPS (p. 233) based on a difference in the indumentum of the
gin crenate, distally 3–5-lobed, apex obtuse to acute; cauline stems and leaves; however stem and leaf hairiness in this species is vari-
leaf solitary or reduced. Flowering stems 7–20 cm tall, gla- able, and it is difficult to distinguish taxa on this basis. The name is any-
brous; cyme 1–3-flowered; bracts ovate-lanceolate, membra- way invalid because no Latin description or diagnosis was provided (St.
nous, margin entire. Flowers 1–2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel gla- Louis Code, Art. 36.1).

35. POTENTILLA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 495. 1753.

委陵菜属 wei ling cai shu

Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba

Dasiphora Rafinesque; Pentaphylloides Duhamel.

Herbs perennial, rarely biennial, annual, or shrubs, if perennial then with ± tufted, scaly rootstock. Stems erect, ascending, or
prostrate. Leaves pinnate or palmately compound; stipules ± adnate to petiole. Inflorescence often cymose or cymose-paniculate, or
1-flowered. Flowers usually bisexual. Hypanthium concave, mostly hemispheric. Sepals 5, valvate; epicalyx segments 5, alternating
with sepals. Petals 5, often yellow, rarely white or purple. Stamens usually ca. 20 in 3 series of 10, 5, and 5, rarely fewer or more
(11–30); anthers 2-loculed. Carpels usually numerous, free, inserted on slightly elevated receptacle; ovule ascending or pendulous,
anatropous, amphitropous, or suborthotropous; style subterminal, lateral, or basal. Achenes numerous, inserted on dry receptacle with
persistent sepals. Seed testa membranous. x = 7.
About 500 species: mostly in temperate, arctic, and alpine zones of the N hemisphere, a few in the S hemisphere; 88 species (24 endemic) in
China.

1a. Herbs perennial, biennial, or annual; style subterminal, not evenly thickened throughout length; ovary glabrous.
2a. Style conic, thickened at base, gradually attenuate distally ....................................................................... 5. P. sect. Conostylae
2b. Style clavate, thickened at apex, thin proximally .......................................................................................... 6. P. sect. Potentilla
1b. Shrublets or perennial herbs; style basal, lateral, or subterminal, clavate, filiform, slender, or fusiform; ovary hairy or
glabrous.
3a. Shrublets or woody-based perennial herbs; style clavate or filiform; ovary densely hairy, rarely glabrous.
 ROSACEAE

4a. Style basal or lateral, clavate, thickened at apex, thin proximally; ovary densely hairy or only
sparsely so at apex or hilum ............................................................................................................ 1. P. sect. Rhopalostylae
4b. Style basal, lateral, or subterminal, filiform, evenly thickened throughout length; ovary densely
villous, very rarely glabrous .............................................................................................................. 2. P. sect. Nematostylae
3b. Herbs perennial; style slender or fusiform; ovary glabrous, very rarely hairy.
5a. Auricles of stipules of radical leaves borne on adaxial side of petiole; flowering stems arising from
axils of radical leaves ........................................................................................................................... 4. P. sect. Leptostylae
5b. Auricles of stipules of radical leaves borne on lateral side of petiole; flowering stem developing
as distal part of main stem ............................................................................................................... 3. P. sect. Closterostylae

1. Potentilla sect. Rhopalostylae (Th. Wolf) Guşuleac in Savulescu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Roman. 4: 601. 1956.
棒状花柱组 bang zhuang hua zhu zu
Potentilla subsect. Rhopalostylae Th. Wolf, Biblioth. Bot. 16(Heft 71): 44. 1908.
Shrubs or subshrubs. Basal and cauline leaves pinnate, rarely 3-foliolate; leaflets entire or 2-lobed at apex. Ovary densely hairy
or only sparsely so at hilum or apex, rarely glabrous; style sub-basal or lateral, clavate, thin proximally, thickened at apex.
About five species: temperate and subarctic regions of N hemisphere; five species in China.
1a. Herbs short or woody based; leaflets usually 2-fid, rarely entire, base not articulate at connection with petiole; ovary
pilose around hilum or apex when young, glabrescent at maturity or only sparsely pilose at the apex, glabrous at
maturity; style lateral.
2a. Leaflets usually opposite, rarely alternate, both surfaces sparsely pilose or subglabrous ........................................ 4. P. bifurca
2b. Leaflets usually alternate, densely softly gray pubescent ..................................................................................... 5. P. imbricata
1b. Shrubs with woody stems above ground; leaflets entire, base articulate at connection with petiole; ovary densely
villous; style sub-basal.
3a. Petals white ................................................................................................................................................................. 2. P. glabra
3b. Petals yellow.
4a. Leaves pinnate with 2 pairs of leaflets, rarely 3-foliolate, leaflets oblong, obovate-oblong, or ovate-
lanceolate, 3–20 × 3–10 mm ............................................................................................................................ 1. P. fruticosa
4b. Leaves pinnate with 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets, basal 2 pairs usually palmately arranged or appearing
whorled, rarely leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, or obovate-lanceolate, 5–10 ×
2–5 mm ............................................................................................................................................................ 3. P. parvifolia
1. Potentilla fruticosa Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 495. 1753. 1a. Shrubs low, tufted; stems slender ............... 1d. var. pumila
1b. Shrubs erect; stems robust.
金露梅 jin lu mei
2a. Leaflets adaxially densely silvery
Shrubs erect or sometimes prostrate, usually many branch- tomentose or sericeous ..................... 1c. var. albicans
ed. Branches covered with reddish brown or gray, peeling bark, 2b. Leaflets adaxially sparsely pilose,
villous when young. Stipules broad, thinly membranous, abax- sericeous, subglabrous, or glabrous.
ially villous or glabrescent; petiole sericeous or pilose; leaf 3a. Leaflets abaxially sparsely pilose
blade pinnate with 2 pairs of leaflets, rarely 3-foliolate; leaflets or subglabrous, adaxially
oblong, obovate-oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, 0.3–2 × 0.3–1 cm, inconspicuously elevated
abaxially ± densely hairy, sometimes sparsely so or glabrescent, reticulate veined, margin flat
adaxially sparsely or rather densely appressed hairy, base cu- .................................................. 1a. var. fruticosa
neate, decurrent and adnate to rachis in apical pair of leaflets, 3b. Leaflets abaxially densely
margin entire, flat or often ± revolute, apex usually acute. appressed white villous, adaxially
Inflorescence terminal, laxly racemose or corymbiform, small, prominently elevated reticulate
1- to several flowered. Flowers 1–3 cm in diam. Sepals ovate, veined, margin strongly revolute
apex acute to shortly acuminate; epicalyx segments lanceolate ................................................ 1b. var. arbuscula
to obovate-lanceolate, nearly equaling sepals, sparsely serice-
1a. Potentilla fruticosa var. fruticosa
ous-villous, apex acute to acuminate. Petals yellow, broadly
obovate, nearly equaling sepals, apex rounded. Style sub-basal, 金露梅(原变种) jin lu mei (yuan bian zhong)
clavate, thin proximally, constricted at base of dilated stigma.
Achenes brown, subovate, ca. 1.5 mm, abaxially villous. Fl. and Dasiphora fruticosa (Linnaeus) Rydberg; D. riparia
fr. Jun–Sep. Rafinesque; Pentaphylloides fruticosa (Linnaeus) O. Schwarz;
Potentilla fruticosa var. rigida (Wallich ex Lehmann) Th.
Rocks in forests, forest margins, thickets, alpine meadows, dry Wolf; Potentilla rigida Wallich ex Lehmann.
and grassy mountain slopes, talus slopes; 400–5000 m. Gansu, Hebei,
Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Shrubs erect. Stems robust. Leaflets oblong, obovate, or
Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Asia, Europe, North America]. ovate-lanceolate, 7–20 × 4–10 mm, abaxially sparsely pilose or
 ROSACEAE

subglabrous, adaxially sparsely pilose, sericeous, or subgla- lose, sericeous, or glabrescent, base cuneate or rounded, decur-
brous, inconspicuously elevated reticulate veined, margin flat. rent and adnate to rachis in apical pair of leaflets, margin entire,
Inflorescence terminal, laxly racemose or corymbose, 1- to sev- flat or slightly revolute, apex obtuse or acute. Flowers 1 to sev-
eral flowered. Flowers 2.2–3 cm in diam. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep. eral, terminal on separate branches, 1.5–2.5 cm in diam.; ped-
Forest margins, thickets, grassy mountain slopes, talus slopes;
icel long, thin, sparsely pilose. Sepals ovate, apex acute or
1000–4000 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mon- shortly mucronate; epicalyx segments lanceolate, obovate-lan-
gol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Asia, Eu- ceolate, or ovate, shorter than or nearly equaling sepals, abax-
rope, North America]. ially sparsely pilose. Petals white, obovate, apex rounded. Style
sub-basal, clavate, thin at base, constricted at base of dilated
1b. Potentilla fruticosa var. arbuscula (D. Don) Maximowicz,
stigma. Achenes hairy. Fl. and fr. May–Nov.
Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Peters-
bourg 9: 158. 1877. Forests, forest margins, thickets, meadows, slopes, alpine talus
slopes, ravines, open places, rocky places; 1200–4200 m. Anhui, Gansu,
伏毛金露梅 fu mao jin lu mei Hebei, Hubei, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan
Potentilla arbuscula D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 256. 1925; [Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
P. lespedeza H. Léveillé; P. rigida Wallich ex Lehmann, p.p. 1a. Leaflets abaxially densely white
Shrubs erect. Stems robust. Leaflets abaxially densely ap- tomentose or sericeous ..................... 2d. var. mandshurica
pressed white villous, adaxially sparsely pilose or glabrous, 1b. Leaflets abaxially sparsely white
prominently elevated reticulate veined, margin strongly revo- sericeous or glabrescent.
lute. Fl. and fr. Jul–Aug. 2a. Leaflets adaxially appressed
sericeous; pedicels densely
Rocks in forests, thickets, grassy mountain slopes; 2600–4600 m.
white sericeous-villous ....................... 2c. var. veitchii
Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim].
2b. Leaflets adaxially sparsely pilose;
1c. Potentilla fruticosa var. albicans Rehder & E. H. Wilson pedicels pilose.
in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 302. 1915. 3a. Leaflets elliptic, ovate-elliptic,
白毛金露梅 bai mao jin lu mei or obovate-elliptic; flowers
1.5–2.5 cm in diam.; sepals
Potentilla arbuscula var. albicans (Rehder & E. H. Wil- ovate, apex acute or acuminate;
son) Handel-Mazzetti; P. arbuscula var. bulleyana I. B. Balfour petals obovate ............................. 2a. var. glabra
ex H. R. Fletcher; P. fruticosa var. vilmoriniana Komarov. 3b. Leaflets lanceolate or oblong-
Shrubs erect. Stems robust. Leaflets abaxially sparsely lanceolate; flowers 2.5–3 cm in
spreading pilose, adaxially densely silvery tomentose or serice- diam.; sepals lanceolate, apex
ous, margin flat. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep. long acuminate; petals spatulate-
obovate-oblong, base tapered
● Forest margins, thickets, alpine meadows, dry mountain slopes; into a long claw ................... 2b. var. longipetala
400–4600 m. Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan.
2a. Potentilla glabra var. glabra
1d. Potentilla fruticosa var. pumila J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit.
India 2: 348. 1878. 银露梅(原变种) yin lu mei (yuan bian zhong)
垫状金露梅 dian zhuang jin lu mei Potentilla fruticosa Linnaeus var. dahurica Seringe; P.
Potentilla arbuscula var. pumila (J. D. Hooker) Handel- fruticosa var. mongolica Maximowicz; P. fruticosa var. tangu-
Mazzetti. tica Th. Wolf; P. glabra var. rhodocalyx H. R. Fletcher; P. gla-
brata Willdenow ex Schlechtendal.
Shrubs low, tufted. Stems densely fasciculate, slender, 5–
10 cm tall. Leaflets elliptic, 3–5 × 3–4 mm, abaxially densely Leaflets elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or ovate-elliptic, 0.5–1.2
appressed villous, adaxially subglabrous or sparsely pilose, cm × 4–8 mm, both surfaces sparsely pilose or glabrescent,
prominently reticulate veined, margin revolute. Flowers soli- base cuneate or rounded, margin entire, flat or slightly revolute,
tary, subsessile or shortly pedicellate, 1–1.5 cm in diam. Fl. Jun. apex obtuse or acute. Flowers 1.5–2.5 cm in diam. Sepals ovate,
apex acute or shortly mucronate; epicalyx segments lanceolate,
Thickets, alpine meadows, talus slopes; 4200–5000 m. Xizang
obovate-lanceolate, or ovate, shorter than or nearly equaling se-
[Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim].
pals. Petals white, obovate, apex rounded. Fl. and fr. Jun–Nov.
2. Potentilla glabra Loddiges, Bot. Cab. 10: t. 914. 1824.
Forests, thickets, meadows on mountain slopes, among rocks in
银露梅 yin lu mei valleys; 1400–4200 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Hubei, Nei Mongol,
Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
Shrubs 0.3–2(–3) m tall. Young branchlets sparsely pubes-
cent, older ones covered with grayish brown, peeling bark. 2b. Potentilla glabra var. longipetala T. T. Yu & C. L. Li,
Stipules thinly membranous, sparsely pilose or subglabrous; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 7. 1980.
petiole sparsely pilose; leaf blade pinnate with 2(or 3) pairs of 长瓣银露梅 chang ban yin lu mei
leaflets; leaflets oblong, obovate-elliptic, or ovate-elliptic, 0.5–
1.2 cm × 4–8 mm, both surfaces sparsely (rarely densely) pi- Leaflets lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. Flowers 2.5–3
 ROSACEAE

cm in diam. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, apex long acuminate; clavate, thin at base, constricted at base of dilated stigma.
epicalyx segments lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, nearly equal- Achenes hairy. Fl. and fr. Apr–Sep.
ing sepals, apex acuminate. Petals spatulate-obovate-oblong,
Forests, forest margins, thickets on mountain slopes, rock
base tapered into a long claw, apex obtuse; claw ca. 2 × as long crevices, steppes; 900–5000 m. Gansu, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol,
as sepals. Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Mongolia, Russia].
● Alpine talus slopes; ca. 4200 m. NW Yunnan (Weixi Xian). 1a. Leaflets sericeous on both surfaces, or
2c. Potentilla glabra var. veitchii (E. H. Wilson) Handel- abaxially glaucous, sometimes sparsely
Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 13: 298. 1939. pilose ....................................................... 3a. var. parvifolia
1b. Leaflets abaxially white tomentose or
伏毛银露梅 fu mao yin lu mei sericeous, adaxially sericeous-pubescent
Potentilla veitchii E. H. Wilson, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 50: ................................................................ 3b. var. hypoleuca
102. 1911; Dasiphora fruticosa (Linnaeus) Rydberg var. 3a. Potentilla parvifolia var. parvifolia
veitchii (E. H. Wilson) Nakai; Potentilla davurica Nestler var.
veitchii (E. H. Wilson) Jesson; P. fruticosa var. veitchii (E. H. 小叶金露梅(原变种) xiao ye jin lu mei (yuan bian zhong)
Wilson) Bean. Dasiphora parvifolia (Fischer ex Lehmann) Juzepczuk;
Leaflets abaxially sparsely white sericeous or glabrescent, Potentilla fruticosa Linnaeus var. grandiflora C. Marquand; P.
adaxially appressed white sericeous. Pedicels thick, densely fruticosa var. parvifolia (Fischer ex Lehmann) Th. Wolf; P.
white sericeous. Fl. and fr. Jul–Aug. fruticosa var. purdomii Rehder; P. rehderiana Handel-Mazzetti.

● Forest margins, alpine meadows, open places, rocky places; Leaflets sericeous on both surfaces, or abaxially glaucous,
2600–4100 m. Sichuan, Yunnan. sometimes sparsely pilose. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.
2d. Potentilla glabra var. mandshurica (Maximowicz) Han- Forests, forest margins, rock crevices, steppes; 900–5000 m.
del-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 13: 297. 1939. Gansu, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang [Mon-
golia, Russia].
白毛银露梅 bai mao yin lu mei
3b. Potentilla parvifolia var. hypoleuca Handel-Mazzetti,
Potentilla fruticosa var. mandshurica Maximowicz, Acta Horti Gothob. 13: 293. 1939.
Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Peters-
bourg 9: 158. 1877; Dasiphora mandshurica (Maximowicz) 白毛小叶金露梅 bai mao xiao ye jin lu mei
Juzepczuk; P. davurica var. mandshurica (Maximowicz) Th. Leaflets abaxially white tomentose or sericeous, adaxially
Wolf; P. fruticosa var. subalbicans Handel-Mazzetti. sericeous-pubescent. Fl. and fr. Apr–Sep.
Leaflets abaxially densely white tomentose or sericeous, ● Thickets on mountain slopes; 1200–3600 m. Gansu, Qinghai,
adaxially ± appressed pilose. Fl. and fr. May–Sep. Sichuan, Yunnan.
Mixed forests, thickets, dry mountain slopes, rocky slopes, 4. Potentilla bifurca Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 497. 1753.
ravines; 1200–3400 m. Gansu, Hebei, Hubei, Nei Mongol, Qinghai,
Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Korea]. 二裂委陵菜 er lie wei ling cai

3. Potentilla parvifolia Fischer ex Lehmann, Nov. Stirp. Pug. Herbs perennial or low subshrubs, 5–20 cm tall, with
3: 6. 1831. partly subterranean stems. Aerial stems usually ascending or
prostrate, together with petioles and pedicels ± densely or rarely
小叶金露梅 xiao ye jin lu mei sparsely covered throughout with spreading or often erect-
Shrubs low, prostrate, or often erect, 0.3–1.5 m tall, much spreading, rarely ± laxly appressed, rigid hairs. Leaves 3–8 cm
branched. Branchlets gray or grayish brown, canescent pilose or including petiole; stipules of lower leaves brown, membranous,
sericeous when young, with peeling bark when old. Stipules abaxially hirtellous, rarely glabrescent, those of upper leaves
brown or paler, membranous, sparsely pilose, margin entire; ovate-elliptic, herbaceous, margin usually entire, rarely serrate;
leaf blade pinnate with 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets; basal 2 pairs leaf blade pinnate with 3–8 pairs of leaflets; leaflets opposite,
usually palmately arranged or appearing whorled; leaflets rarely alternate, sessile, elliptic or obovate, 0.5–1.5 cm × 4–8
small, lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, or obovate-lanceolate, 5–10 mm, appressed pilose, base cuneate or broadly so, decurrent
× 2–5 mm, abaxially sericeous, white tomentose, or pilose, and adnate to rachis in distal 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets, apex entire,
adaxially sericeous, base cuneate, margin entire, usually strong- 2- or 3-fid. Inflorescence terminal, laxly corymbose or cymose,
ly revolute, apex usually acuminate, rarely obtuse. Inflores- or a solitary flower. Flowers 0.7–1.5 cm in diam. Sepals ovate,
cence terminal, a few-flowered raceme or a solitary flower. apex acute; epicalyx segments elliptic, shorter than or nearly
Flowers 1.2–2.2 cm in diam.; pedicel grayish white or serice- equaling sepals, sparsely pilose abaxially, apex obtuse or acute.
ous-pilose. Sepals ovate, apex acute; epicalyx segments lanceo- Petals yellow, obovate, slightly longer than sepals, apex round-
late, ovate-lanceolate, or obovate-lanceolate, slightly shorter ed. Ovary adaxially pilose; style lateral, thickened and clavate
than or equaling sepals, abaxially sericeous or pilose, apex at apex, slightly constricted under dilated stigma. Achenes
acute or acuminate. Petals yellow, broadly obovate, 1–2 × as smooth. Fl. and fr. May–Oct.
long as sepals, apex emarginate or rounded. Style sub-basal, Sparse forests, grassy mountain slopes, loess slopes, sandy river
 ROSACEAE

banks, field and road banks, field margins, steppe meadows, semidry Grassy mountain slopes, sandy river banks, steppe meadows;
desert grasslands, sandy coasts; 400–4000 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilong- 1100–4000 m. Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi,
jiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Mongolia, Russia].
Xinjiang, Xizang [Korea, Mongolia, Russia; SW Asia, C and E Eu-
rope]. 4c. Potentilla bifurca var. major Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 2: 43.
1843.
1a. Flowers usually solitary ........................... 4b. var. humilior
1b. Flowers many per inflorescence. 长叶二裂委陵菜 chang ye er lie wei ling cai
2a. Flowering stems 5–20 cm tall, together Potentilla bifurca var. glabrata Lehmann; P. bifurca
with petioles and pedicels densely villous subsp. orientalis (Juzepczuk) Soják; P. orientalis Juzepczuk; P.
or hirtellous throughout; leaflets elliptic semiglabra Juzepczuk.
or obovate-elliptic, apex 2-fid, rarely
3-fid; inflorescence corymbose; Flowering stems less than 7 cm tall, lower part together
flowers 0.7–1 cm in diam. .................. 4a. var. bifurca with petioles appressed pilose or glabrescent. Leaflets linear or
2b. Flowering stems less than 7 cm tall, long elliptic, apex rounded, obtuse, or 2-fid. Inflorescence cy-
lower part together with petioles mose, many flowered. Flowers 1.2–1.5 cm in diam. Fl. and fr.
appressed pilose or glabrescent; May–Oct.
leaflets linear or long elliptic, Grassy mountain slopes, sandy river banks, field margins; 400–
apex rounded, obtuse, or 2-fid; 3200 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shan-
inflorescence cymose; flowers xi, Xinjiang [Asia, C and E Europe].
1.2–1.5 cm in diam. .............................. 4c. var. major
5. Potentilla imbricata Karelin & Kirilov, Bull. Soc. Imp.
4a. Potentilla bifurca var. bifurca Naturalistes Moscou 14: 416. 1841.
二裂委陵菜(原变种) er lie wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong) 覆瓦委陵菜 fu wa wei ling cai
Flowering stems 5–20 cm tall, together with petioles and Potentilla bifurca Linnaeus var. canescens Bongard & C.
pedicels densely villous or hirtellous throughout. Leaflets ellip- A. Meyer.
tic or obovate-elliptic, apex 2-fid, rarely 3-fid. Inflorescence
corymbose, many flowered. Flowers 0.7–1 cm in diam. Fl. and Herbs perennial, 10–22 cm tall, evenly and densely gray-
fr. May–Sep. ish tomentose-villous in all green parts. Roots robust, terete,
woody. Stems erect, many branched from base. Leaves numer-
Sparse forests, grassy mountain slopes, loess slopes, field and road
banks, semidry desert grasslands, sandy coasts; 800–3600 m. Gansu,
ous, 2–6 cm including petiole; leaf blade pinnate with (3–)5–7
Hebei, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, pairs of leaflets; leaflets usually alternate, adjacent, imbricate,
Sichuan, Xinjiang [Korea, Mongolia, Russia]. elliptic or obovate-elliptic, base cuneate or broadly so, decur-
rent and adnate to rachis in distal 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets, margin
This variety is used medicinally and for forage.
entire, apex acute, often 2-fid, rarely entire. Inflorescence ter-
4b. Potentilla bifurca var. humilior Osten-Sacken & Ru- minal, laxly corymbose. Flowers 6–8 mm in diam. Sepals tri-
precht, Sert. Tianschan. 45. 1869. angular-ovate, apex acute; epicalyx segments elliptic, ca. 1/2 as
long as sepals, apex acute. Petals yellow, obovate-elliptic, near-
矮生二裂委陵菜 ai sheng er lie wei ling cai
ly equaling or slightly longer than sepals, apex rounded. Car-
Potentilla bifurca var. moorcroftii (Wallich ex Lehmann) pels sparsely pilose around hilum; style sublateral, clavate,
Th. Wolf; P. moorcroftii Wallich ex Lehmann. slightly attenuate at base, constricted below dilated stigma.
Flowering stems less than 7 cm tall. Leaflets usually in 3– Achenes rugose when ripe. Fl. and fr. Aug–Sep.
5(or 6) pairs, apex usually entire, occasionally 2-fid. Flowers Shaded grasslands, flood lands, dry calcareous soils; 500–600 m.
usually solitary. Fl. and fr. May–Oct. Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia].

2. Potentilla sect. Nematostylae (Th. Wolf) Guşuleac in Savulescu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Roman. 4: 602. 1956.
线状花柱组 xian zhuang hua zhu zu
Potentilla subsect. Nematostylae Th. Wolf, Biblioth. Bot. 16(Heft 71): 45. 1908.
Subshrubs or perennial, woody-based herbs. Basal leaves pinnate, palmate, or 3-foliolate; leaflets entire, serrate, or divided at
margin. Ovary densely villous, very rarely glabrous; style sub-basal, lateral, or subterminal, filiform, evenly thickened throughout its
length.
About 50 species: mainly temperate and subarctic regions of N hemisphere; five species (one endemic) in China.
1a. Leaflet margin entire; style subterminal.
2a. Leaf blade pinnately or subpalmately 5–7-foliolate, leaflets not articulate at base ................................................... 9. P. biflora
2b. Leaf blade 3-foliolate, leaflets articulate at base ................................................................................................. 10. P. articulata
1b. Leaflet margin or apex serrate or lobed; style sub-basal, lateral, or subterminal.
3a. Leaflets 3-serrate at apex; style lateral or sub-basal ................................................................................................. 6. P. cuneata
 ROSACEAE

3b. Leaflets many serrate or distally 5–7-dentate or 2–5-parted at margin; style subterminal.
4a. Flowering stems ascending, rarely erect; rhizome elongate; leaflets distally 5–7-dentate or 2–5-parted
at margin .......................................................................................................................................................... 7. P. eriocarpa
4b. Flowering stems usually erect; rhizome short; leaflets many serrate at margin ........................................ 8. P. ancistrifolia
6. Potentilla cuneata Wallich ex Lehmann, Nov. Stirp. Pug. 3: ginate. Carpels densely twisted villous; style subterminal, fili-
34. 1831. form; stigma dilated. Achenes smooth, villous. Fl. and fr. Jul–
Oct.
楔叶委陵菜 xie ye wei ling cai
Sparse forests, alpine meadows, talus slopes, rock crevices; 2700–
Potentilla ambigua Cambessèdes; P. dolichopogon H. 5000 m. Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Kashmir,
Léveillé. Nepal, Sikkim].
Subshrubs low, tufted or perennial herbs. Roots slender, 1a. Leaflets abaxially sparsely white villous on
woody. Flowering stems erect or ascending, 4–12 cm tall, veins, later glabrescent elsewhere, adaxially
woody, together with petioles appressed pilose. Radical leaves sparsely pilose or glabrescent, margin
2–3 cm including petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abax- distally deeply 5–7-dentate, teeth ovate
ially spreading pilose or glabrescent; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaf- or elliptic-ovate, apex subrounded to
lets obovate, elliptic, or long elliptic, 0.6–1.5 cm × 4–8 mm, acute ........................................................ 7a. var. eriocarpa
subleathery, both surfaces sparsely spreading pilose or glabre- 1b. Leaflets on both surfaces usually densely
scent, base cuneate, apex truncate or obtuse and 3-dentate; white villous, later glabrescent, margin
lateral leaflets sessile, terminal one shortly petiolulate; cauline distally 2–5-parted, segments broadly
leaves: stipules green, ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, margin en- fasciated or lanceolate, apex acute or
tire, apex acuminate. Inflorescence terminal, 1- or 2-flowered. acuminate ........................................... 7b. var. tsarongensis
Flowers 1.8–2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 2.5–3 cm, villous. Sepals
7a. Potentilla eriocarpa var. eriocarpa
triangular-ovate, apex acuminate; epicalyx segments oblong-
elliptic, slightly shorter than sepals, abaxially spreading pilose, 毛果委陵菜(原变种) mao guo wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong)
apex acute. Petals yellow, broadly obovate, slightly longer than
Potentilla davidii Franchet; P. eriocarpa var. cathayana
sepals, apex emarginate. Style sub-basal, filiform; stigma slight-
C. K. Schneider; P. eriocarpoides var. glabrescens J. Krause.
ly dilated. Achenes slightly longer than persistent sepals, vil-
lous. Fl. and fr. Jun–Oct. Leaflets abaxially sparsely white villous on veins, later
glabrescent elsewhere, adaxially sparsely pilose or glabrescent,
Forest margins, thickets, alpine meadows, rock crevices; 2700–
margin distally deeply 5–7-dentate, teeth ovate or elliptic-ovate,
3600 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Kashmir, Nepal, Sikkim].
apex subrounded to acute. Fl. and fr. Jul–Oct.
7. Potentilla eriocarpa Wallich ex Lehmann, Nov. Stirp. Pug.
Sparse forests, alpine meadows, rock crevices; 2700–5000 m.
3: 35. 1831. Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Nepal,
毛果委陵菜 mao guo wei ling cai Sikkim].
7b. Potentilla eriocarpa var. tsarongensis W. E. Evans, Notes
Subshrubs. Roots robust, terete. Rhizome stout, elongate,
woody, densely covered with remains of old stipules. Flowering Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13: 178. 1921.
stems erect or ascending, 4–12 cm tall, together with petioles 裂叶毛果委陵菜 lie ye mao guo wei ling cai
sparsely white villous, sometimes glabrescent. Radical leaves
Potentilla eriocarpa var. dissecta C. Marquand & Airy
3–7 cm including petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abax-
ially white villous; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets shortly petio- Shaw; P. eriocarpoides J. Krause.
lulate or subsessile, abaxially green, adaxially dark green, obo- Leaflets on both surfaces usually densely white villous,
vate-elliptic, obovate-cuneate, or rhombic-elliptic, abaxially later glabrescent, margin distally 2–5-parted, segments broadly
sparsely white villous on veins and later glabrescent elsewhere, fasciated or lanceolate, apex acute or acuminate.
or densely white villous and later glabrescent, adaxially sparse-
● Talus slopes, alpine rock crevices; 2800–4300 m. Sichuan, Xi-
ly pilose or densely white villous, often glabrescent, base cu-
zang, Yunnan.
neate or broadly so, margin proximally entire, distally deeply
5–7-dentate with teeth ovate or elliptic-ovate and apex sub- 8. Potentilla ancistrifolia Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-
rounded to acute, or or 2–5-parted with segments broadly Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 99. 1833.
fasciated or lanceolate and apex acute or acuminate; cauline 皱叶委陵菜 zhou ye wei ling cai
leaves: stipules herbaceous, ovate-elliptic, margin entire or
slightly serrate, apex acuminate; leaf blade absent, bractlike, or Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete, woody. Flowering
occasionally 3-foliolate. Inflorescence terminal, 1–3-flowered. stems erect, 10–30 cm tall, sparsely pilose, in upper part some-
Flowers 2–2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 2–2.5 cm, pilose. Sepals times mixed with glandular hairs. Radical leaves 5–15 cm in-
triangular-ovate, apex acuminate; epicalyx segments oblong- cluding petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially villous;
elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, nearly equaling sepals, abaxially petiole sparsely pilose; leaf blade pinnate with 2–4 pairs of
sparsely pilose or subglabrous, apex acute, rarely 2-fid. Petals leaflets, sometimes also 3-foliolate; basal pair usually small;
yellow, broadly obovate, ca. 2 × as long as sepals, apex emar- leaflets sessile, sometimes apical pair shortly petiolulate, abaxi-
 ROSACEAE

ally gray or grayish green, adaxially green or dark green, ellip- 薄叶皱叶委陵菜 bo ye zhou ye wei ling cai
tic, oblong-elliptic, or elliptic-ovate, 1–4 × 0.5–1.5 cm, sublea-
Potentilla dickinsii Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. 2:
thery, abaxially densely villous, appressed villous on veins, or
337. 1878.
sparsely pilose or glabrescent, adaxially markedly bullate or
not, prominently or inconspicuously reticulate veined, appress- Radical leaves with 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets, often also 3-
ed pilose, sparsely pilose, or glabrescent, base cuneate or broad- foliolate; leaflets on both surfaces sparsely pilose or glabre-
ly so, margin acutely and usually roughly serrate, teeth usually scent, abaxially inconspicuously reticulate veined, adaxially not
triangular-ovate, apex obtuse or acute; cauline leaves 2 or 3; bullate. Achenes smooth or inconspicuously rugose at maturity.
stipules green, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, herbaceous, mar- Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep.
gin 1–3-dentate, rarely entire; leaf blade with 1–3 pairs of Forests, meadows, ravines, rock crevices on mountain slopes;
leaflets. Inflorescence terminal, laxly corymbiform or cymose. 200–2700 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shanxi
Flowers 8–12 mm in diam.; pedicel 5–10 mm, densely villous [Japan, Korea].
and glandular hairy. Sepals triangular-ovate, apex caudate; epi-
9. Potentilla biflora Willdenow ex Schlechtendal, Ges. Naturf.
calyx segments usually purplish abaxially, linear-lanceolate,
Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 7:
nearly equaling sepals, sparsely pilose, apex acute. Petals yel-
297. 1816.
low, obovate-oblong, 0.5–1 × as long as sepals, apex rounded.
Ovary densely villous at hilum; style subterminal, filiform; 双花委陵菜 shuang hua wei ling cai
stigma not dilated. Achenes rugose at maturity, inconspicuously Herbs perennial, tufted, pulvinate. Roots stout, terete.
so, or smooth, sometimes villous around hilum. Fl. and fr. Flowering stems erect, 4–12 cm tall, pilose. Radical leaves 2–6
May–Sep. cm including petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially
Forests, thickets, meadows, ravines, gravels, rock crevices; 200– white pilose, later glabrescent; petiole white villous; leaf blade
2700 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liao- pinnately to palmately 5-foliolate; leaflets adaxially dark green,
ning, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan [Japan, Korea, Russia]. linear, 0.8–1.7 cm × 1–3 mm, abaxially densely white villous
on midvein, adaxially pilose, base decurrent and adnate to ra-
1a. Radical leaves with 2–4 pairs of leaflets, leaflets
chis in apical pair of leaflets, margin entire and revolute, but in
abaxially densely villous, appressed villous on
basal pair of leaflets sometimes 2-parted nearly to base, apex
veins, adaxially usually markedly bullate and
acute to acuminate. Flowers 1 or 2(or 3), 1.2–1.8 cm in diam.;
prominently reticulate veined, appressed
pedicel 1–2 cm, pilose, proximally with linear bract. Sepals tri-
pilose; mature achenes rugose, villous
angular-ovate, apex acute; epicalyx segments lanceolate, slight-
around hilum ...................................... 8a. var. ancistrifolia
ly shorter or longer than sepals, abaxially pilose, apex acumi-
1b. Radical leaves with 2 or 3 pairs of
nate. Petals yellow, oblong-obovate, 0.5–1 × as long as sepals,
leaflets, often also 3-foliolate, leaflets
apex emarginate. Style subterminal, filiform; stigma hardly di-
on both surfaces sparsely pilose or
lated. Achenes smooth, hairy around hilum. Fl. and fr. Jun–Oct.
glabrescent, abaxially inconspicuously
reticulate veined, adaxially not bullate; Alpine meadows, talus slopes, gravels, rock crevices near snow
mature achenes smooth or line; 2300–4800 m. Gansu, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang [N Mongolia,
inconspicuously rugose ............................ 8b. var. dickinsii Nepal, Russia (Far East, Siberia); C Asia, North America].
1a. Basal pair of leaflets of radical leaves usually
8a. Potentilla ancistrifolia var. ancistrifolia
2-parted nearly to base, rarely entire; flowers
皱叶委陵菜(原变种) zhou ye wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong) 1.2–1.5 cm in diam. ..................................... 9a. var. biflora
1b. Basal pair of leaflets of radical leaves not
Potentilla aemulans Juzepczuk; P. rugulosa Kitagawa; P.
2-parted; flowers 1.5–1.8 cm in diam.
tranzschelii Juzepczuk.
................................................................ 9b. var. lahulensis
Flowering stems and petioles sparsely pilose, sometimes 9a. Potentilla biflora var. biflora
mixed with glandular hairs. Radical leaves with 2–4 pairs of
leaflets; leaflets abaxially densely villous, appressed villous 双花委陵菜(原变种) shuang hua wei ling cai (yuan bian
on veins, adaxially usually markedly bullate and prominently zhong)
reticulate veined, appressed pilose. Achenes rugose at maturity, Potentilla inglisii Royle.
villous around hilum. Fl. and fr. May–Sep.
Basal pair of leaflets of radical leaves usually 2-parted
Thickets, meadows on mountain slopes, gravels, rock crevices; nearly to base, rarely entire; flowers 1.2–1.5 cm in diam. Fl. and
300–2400 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liao- fr. Jul–Oct.
ning, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan [Korea, Russia].
Alpine meadows, gravels, rock crevices near snow line; 2300–
Potentilla ancistrifolia var. tomentosa Liou & Y. Y. Li ex C. L. Li
3600 m. Xinjiang [N Mongolia, Nepal, Russia (Far East, Siberia); C
was described in FRPS (p. 256), but the name is invalid because no
Asia, North America].
Latin description or diagnosis was provided (St. Louis Code, Art. 36.1).
The entity described belongs to var. ancistrifolia. 9b. Potentilla biflora var. lahulensis Th. Wolf, Biblioth. Bot.
16(Heft 71): 72. 1908.
8b. Potentilla ancistrifolia var. dickinsii (Franchet & Savatier)
Koidzumi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 177. 1909. 五叶双花委陵菜 wu ye shuang hua wei ling cai
 ROSACEAE

Basal pair of leaflets of radical leaves not 2-parted; flowers 1b. Leaflets narrower, base inconspicuously
1.5–1.8 cm in diam. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug. articulate ........................................... 10b. var. latipetiolata
● Alpine meadows, talus slopes, gravelly slopes; 3700–4800 m. 10a. Potentilla articulata var. articulata
Gansu, Sichuan, Xizang.
10. Potentilla articulata Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 3: 210. 1890. 关节委陵菜(原变种) guan jie wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong)

关节委陵菜 guan jie wei ling cai Potentilla biflora Willdenow ex Schlechtendal var. arm-
erioides (J. D. Hooker) Handel-Mazzetti; P. fruticosa Linnaeus
Herbs perennial, tufted, pulvinate. Roots stout, terete, var. armerioides J. D. Hooker; .
woody. Flowering stems 1.5–3 cm tall. Radical leaves: stipules
brown, broad, membranous, abaxially sparsely villous, later Leaflets linear-lanceolate, base markedly articulate. Fl.
glabrescent; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets sessile, linear-lanceo- and fr. Jun–Sep.
late or narrower, 0.5–1.5 cm × ca. 2 mm, adaxially densely vil-
● Gravels near snow line; 4200–4800 m. S Sichuan (Muli Xian),
lous when young, later both surfaces pilose or glabrescent, base
SE Xizang (Zayü Xian), NW Yunnan (Lijiang Xian, Zhongdian Xian).
markedly or inconspicuously articulate, margin entire, slightly
revolute, apex acute. Flower solitary, to 1.5 cm in diam.; pedi- 10b. Potentilla articulata var. latipetiolata (E. C. Fischer) T.
cel 1.5–2 cm, densely villous, with linear bract. Sepals triangu- T. Yu & C. L. Li in T. T. Yu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37:
lar-ovate, apex acuminate; epicalyx segments elliptic-lanceo- 259. 1985.
late, nearly equaling or slightly longer than sepals, abaxially
sparsely villous, apex acute. Petals yellow, obovate, ca. 1/2 as 宽柄关节委陵菜 kuan bing guan jie wei ling cai
long as sepals, apex emarginate. Style subterminal, filiform; Potentilla latipetiolata E. C. Fischer, Bull. Misc. Inform.
stigma hardly dilated. Achenes smooth. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep.
Kew 1940: 294. 1941.
● Alpine meadows, gravels near snow line, bare rocks; 3200–
4800 m. SW Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan. Leaflets narrower, base inconspicuously articulate. Fl. and
fr. Jul–Aug.
1a. Leaflets linear-lanceolate, base markedly
articulate ............................................... 10a. var. articulata ● Alpine meadows, bare rocks; 3200–4100 m. Xizang, Yunnan.

3. Potentilla sect. Closterostylae (Th. Wolf) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li in T. T. Yu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37: 259. 1985.
梭状花柱组 suo zhuang hua zhu zu
Potentilla subsect. Closterostylae Th. Wolf, Biblioth. Bot. 16(Heft 71): 48. 1908.
Herbs perennial. Basal leaves pinnate, sometimes 3-foliolate. Ovary glabrous; style sub-basal, fusiform, thickened at middle,
gradually tapered at both ends.
About 20 species: mainly temperate regions of N hemisphere; one species in China.

11. Potentilla rupestris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 496. 1753. base cuneate or broadly so, margin doubly incised serrate, apex
obtuse or acute; cauline leaves resembling radical ones except
石生委陵菜 shi sheng wei ling cai
upper ones sessile with leaf blade 3-foliolate; stipules green,
Potentilla inquinans Turczaninow; P. okuboi Kitagawa. ovate, herbaceous, margin entire, apex acute, rarely 2-fid. Inflo-
rescence terminal, corymbose. Flowers ca. 2 cm in diam. Sepals
Herbs perennial. Roots thick, terete. Flowering stems triangular-ovate, apex acuminate; epicalyx segments narrowly
erect, 18–45 cm tall, pilose and glandular hairy. Radical lanceolate, nearly 1/2 as long as sepals, pilose and glandular
leaves 6–15 cm including petiole; stipules brown, membranous, hairy abaxially, apex subobtuse or acute. Petals white, obovate,
abaxially pilose and glandular hairy; petiole sparsely pilose and nearly 2 × as long as sepals, apex rounded. Carpels glabrous;
glandular hairy; leaf blade usually with 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets, style sub-basal, fusiform, thickened at middle, gradually tapered
sometimes 3-foliolate; terminal leaflet shortly petiolulate, later- at both ends. Achenes rugose at maturity. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.
al ones sessile; leaflets elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or ovate-ellip-
tic, usually 1.5–5 × 1–2.5 cm, apical 3 much larger than others, Gravelly slopes; 1000–1100 m. Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol [Russia
both surfaces pilose and glandular hairy, adaxially glabrescent, (Siberia); Europe].

4. Potentilla sect. Leptostylae (Th. Wolf) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li in T. T. Yu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37: 263. 1985.
枝状花柱组 zhi zhuang hua zhu zu
Potentilla subsect. Leptostylae Th. Wolf, Biblioth. Bot. 16(Heft 71): 52. 1908.
Herbs perennial. Basal leaves pinnate; leaflets serrate at margin. Ovary glabrous, rarely sparsely hairy; style sub-basal, lateral,
or subterminal, not swollen at middle but nearly evenly thickened throughout its length, sometimes distally slightly thickened.
About 40 species: mainly Sino-Himalayan region and Malesian archipelago; 21 species (eight endemic) in China.
 ROSACEAE

1a. Plants with stolons.

2a. Radical leaves more than 10 at flowering.
3a. Pedicels with scalelike bracts ..................................................................................................................... 30. P. gombalana
3b. Pedicels without scalelike bracts ..................................................................................................................... 29. P. anserina
2b. Radical leaves absent or fewer than 4 at flowering.
4a. Leaves adaxially sericeous, terminal leaflet elliptic .................................................................................... 32. P. taronensis
4b. Leaves adaxially subglabrous, terminal leaflet rhombic-elliptic .................................................................. 31. P. smithiana
1b. Plants without stolons.
5a. Cauline leaves more than 4.
6a. Auricles of stipules of radical leaves connate from base to middle .................................................................. 12. P. festiva
6b. Auricles of stipules of radical leaves free.
7a. Peduncle and hypanthium without gland-tipped, multicellular hairs ................................................... 15. P. polyphylla
7b. Peduncle and hypanthium with gland-tipped, multicellular hairs.
8a. Stigma not inflated; leaflets abaxially densely silvery sericeous, distal lateral ones cuneate at
base ........................................................................................................................................................ 13. P. lineata
8b. Stigma inflated; leaflets abaxially sparsely strigose, distal lateral ones rounded at base.
9a. Epicalyx segments shorter than sepals, margin subentire; style nearly 2 × as long as ovary ....... 14. P. fallens
9b. Epicalyx segments longer than sepals, margin with 3–7 teeth; style ca. 1.5 × as long as
ovary .................................................................................................................................. 16. P. polyphylloides
5b. Cauline leaves 1–3.
10a. Apical pair of leaflets sessile, but not decurrent at base.
11a. Smaller leaflets usually present between leaflets ................................................................................. 21. P. turfosa
11b. Smaller leaflets usually not present between leaflets.
12a. Rhizome with a few slender, elongate roots ............................................................................... 20. P. aristata
12b. Rhizome without slender, elongate roots.
13a. Stamens 5–8(–10) ...................................................................................................... 19. P. glabriuscula
13b. Stamens ca. 20.
14a. Leaflets 2–4 mm ................................................................................................ 17. P. microphylla
14b. Leaflets 5–15 mm ............................................................................................... 18. P. stenophylla
10b. Apical pair of leaflets decurrent at base.
15a. Inflorescence pseudoumbellate.
16a. Auricles of stipules of radical leaves 2 .................................................................................... 27. P. leuconota
16b. Auricle of stipules of radical leaves 1 ................................................................................ 28. P. wenchuensis
15b. Inflorescence cymose.
17a. Rhizome erect.
18a. Auricles of stipules of radical leaves 2 ......................................................................... 24. P. cardotiana
18b. Auricle of stipules of radical leaves 1 .......................................................................... 25. P. commutata
17b. Rhizome creeping.
19a. Auricles of stipules of radical leaves 2, apex acute ......................................................... 23. P. contigua
19b. Auricle of stipules of radical leaves 1, apex rounded.
20a. Flowering stems and petioles sericeous and appressed villous ....................... 22. P. peduncularis
20b. Flowering stems and petioles densely canescent tomentose, tomentose-
villous, or sericeous-villous ............................................................................... 26. P. tugitakensis

12. Potentilla festiva Soják, Candollea 43: 166. 1988. triangular-ovate, apex acute; epicalyx segments elliptic, margin
entire or with 3 teeth. Petals yellow, 5–7 × 4–5.5 mm, apex
合耳委陵菜 he er wei ling cai
rounded. Style lateral. Achenes not seen. Fl. and fr. Jun–Oct. 2n
Herbs perennial. Flowering stems 5–25 cm tall, together = 28.
with petioles densely spreading villous and pubescent. Radical
Forests, forest margins, thickets, grassy mountain slopes, open
leaves 4–15 cm including petiole; auricles of stipules of radical grassy places by roads; 2000–3800 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhu-
leaves connate from base to middle, apex acute; leaf blade in- tan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim].
terrupted pinnate with 5–15 pairs of leaflets; terminal leaflet
oblong to narrowly obovate, 1–3 × 0.5–1.2 cm, abaxially dense- 13. Potentilla lineata Treviranus, Index Seminum Hort. Vrati-
ly white sericeous or tomentose, adaxially appressed pilose, slav. 1822, 1822.
margin sharply serrate; cauline leaves: auricles of stipules
西南委陵菜 xi nan wei ling cai
herbaceous, abaxially white sericeous, adaxially villous; leaf
blade resembling that of radical leaves but pairs of leaflets Potentilla fulgens Lehmann; P. fulgens var. acutiserrata
fewer higher up stem. Inflorescence corymbose-cymose. Flow- (T. T. Yu & C. L. Li) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li; P. fulgens var.
ers 0.7–1.2 cm in diam.; pedicel with unicellular hairs. Sepals macrophylla Cardot; P. martini H. Léveillé; P. siemersiana
 ROSACEAE

Lehmann, nom. illeg. (included P. lineata); P. siemersiana var. 多叶委陵菜 duo ye wei ling cai
acutiserrata T. T. Yu & C. L. Li; P. splendens Buchanan-
Herbs perennial. Flowering stems 5–40 cm tall, spreading
Hamilton ex Treviranus (1823), not Candolle (1805).
villous. Radical leaves 4–30 cm including petiole; auricles of
Herbs perennial. Flowering stems 5–40 cm tall, together stipules free, apex acute to acuminate; petiole spreading, slight-
with petioles densely spreading villous and pubescent. Radical ly rigid villous; leaf blade interrupted pinnate with 5–12 pairs of
leaves 4–30 cm including petiole; auricles of stipules free, apex leaflets; leaflets obovate to broadly ovate or broadly linear to
acute; leaf blade interrupted pinnate with 5–13 pairs of leaflets; lanceolate, 1–5 × 0.8–1.6 cm, abaxially strigose or villous, mar-
terminal leaflet oblong or broadly obovate, 1.5–4 × 0.8–1.5 cm, gin roughly serrate; cauline leaves: auricles of stipules herba-
abaxially densely white sericeous or tomentose, adaxially ap- ceous, margin serrate; leaf blade resembling that of radical
pressed pilose, margin sharply serrate; cauline leaves: auricles leaves but pairs of leaflets fewer higher up stem. Inflorescence
of stipules herbaceous, abaxially white sericeous; leaf blade re- cymose, few flowered. Flowers 1–2 cm in diam. Sepals tri-
sembling that of radical leaves but pairs of leaflets fewer higher angular-elliptic, abaxially villous; epicalyx segments oblong to
up stem. Inflorescence corymbose-cymose. Flowers 1–1.5 cm obovate, broader and slightly shorter than sepals, abaxially pi-
in diam.; pedicel 2–4 cm, with gland-tipped, multicellular hairs lose, apex 2–5-serrate, rarely entire. Petals yellow, obovate to
and unicellular hairs. Sepals entire at margin; epicalyx seg- broadly so, apex rounded. Carpels glabrous; style sub-basal,
ments entire at margin or with 3–6 teeth. Petals yellow, obovate fusiform. Achenes smooth. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 28.
to broadly so, apex rounded. Style sub-basal. Achenes not seen.
Fl. and fr. Jun–Oct. 2n = 14. Forests, forest margins, meadows on mountain slopes; 2500–4500
m. Sichuan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia (Java), Myanmar, Nepal,
Forests, forest margins, thickets, grassy mountain slopes, open Pakistan, Sikkim, Sri Lanka].
grassy places by roads; 1500–3800 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Xi-
zang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, N Viet- 1a. Radical leaves 4–20(–25) cm including
nam]. petiole; leaflets obovate to broadly ovate,
abaxially strigose; flowers 1–1.5 cm
Various names has been used for this species, including Potentilla
in diam. ................................................ 15a. var. polyphylla
fulgens, P. lineata, P. siemersiana, and P. splendens. The earliest legiti-
mate name is P. lineata.
1b. Radical leaves 16–30 cm including
petiole; leaflets broadly linear to
Potentilla festiva and P. lineata are similar in external appearance, lanceolate, abaxially villous;
and were treated as conspecific for a long time. The auricles of the stip- flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam. ................... 15b. var. interrupta
ules of the radical leaves of P. festiva are connate from the base to the
middle, whereas those of P. lineata are free. Moreover, P. lineata has 15a. Potentilla polyphylla var. polyphylla
gland-tipped, multicellular hairs as well as unicellular ones on the pedi-
多叶委陵菜(原变种) duo ye wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong)
cels and abaxially on the hypanthium, whereas P. festiva has only uni-
cellular hairs. Potentilla sordida Klotzsch.
14. Potentilla fallens Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 232. 1916. Radical leaves 4–20(–25) cm including petiole; leaflets
obovate to broadly ovate, abaxially strigose. Flowers 1–1.5 cm
川滇委陵菜 chuan dian wei ling cai
in diam. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 28.
Potentilla rockiana Melchior. Forests, forest margins, meadows on mountain slopes; 2500–4200
Herbs perennial. Flowering stems 5–35 cm tall, densely m. Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia (Java), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan,
Sikkim, Sri Lanka].
yellow pubescent and yellow villous. Radical leaves 4–20 cm
including petiole; auricles of stipules free, apex acute; petiole 15b. Potentilla polyphylla var. interrupta (T. T. Yu & C. L.
densely pubescent and villous; leaf blade interrupted pinnate, Li) H. Ikeda & H. Ohba, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 112: 179. 1992.
rarely non-interrupted, with 8–15 pairs of leaflets; leaflets
elliptic or obovate, 0.8–1.7 × 0.5–1.2 cm, abaxially densely 间断委陵菜 jian duan wei ling cai
pubescent, sericeous on veins, margin subobtusely or acutely Potentilla interrupta T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax.
serrate; cauline leaves 2 or 3; auricles of stipules herbaceous; Sin. 18: 8. 1980.
leaf blade resembling radical ones but pairs of leaflets fewer
higher up stem. Inflorescence cymose. Flowers 1–1.8 cm in Radical leaves 16–30 cm including petiole; leaflets broad-
diam.; pedicel densely villous and glandular hairy. Sepals abax- ly linear to lanceolate, abaxially villous. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in
ially villous and glandular hairy; epicalyx segments shorter than diam. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 28.
sepals, margin entire or shallowly 2- or 3-serrate. Petals yellow, Forests, forest margins, meadows on mountain slopes; 2900–4500
broadly obovate, apex rounded or emarginate. Style lateral, m. Sichuan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim].
nearly 2 × as long as ovary; stigma slightly dilated. Achenes
slightly rugose. Fl. and fr. May–Aug. 2n = 28*. 16. Potentilla polyphylloides H. Ikeda & H. Ohba, Novon 12:
53. 2002.
● Forests, grassy mountain slopes; 2800–3900 m. Sichuan, Yun-
nan. 似多叶委陵菜 si duo ye wei ling cai
15. Potentilla polyphylla Wallich ex Lehmann, Nov. Stirp. Herbs perennial. Flowering stems ascending or prostrate,
Pug. 3: 13. 1831. 17–60 cm tall, appressed or ascending unicellular hairy, occa-
 ROSACEAE

sionally rooting from nodes in lower part. Radical leaves 8–20 2b. Leaflets lobed ca. 1/2 way to
cm including petiole; auricles of stipules free; petiole 0.8–3.5 midvein, apex obtuse ................ 17b. var. luteopilosa
cm, ascending or spreading unicellular hairy; leaf blade inter-
17a. Potentilla microphylla var. microphylla
rupted pinnate with 10–15 pairs of leaflets; leaflets abaxially
glandular multicellular hairy and ascending unicellular hairy, 小叶委陵菜(原变种) xiao ye wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong)
adaxially appressed or ascending unicellular hairy, margin ser- Potentilla microphylla var. depressa Wallich ex Lehmann;
rate; terminal leaflet oblong to obovate, 1.2–2.4 × 0.7–1.4 cm, P. microphylla var. glabriuscula Wallich ex Lehmann; P.
larger than lateral leaflets; cauline leaves: auricles of stipules tapetodes Soják var. decidua Soják.
entire at margin, or those on lower part of stem with a few teeth
and those on upper part with 10–20 teeth; leaf blade 3-foliolate Leaves 1–6 cm, not crowded, with 7–9 pairs of leaflets;
or pinnate with 2–8 pairs of leaflets, sometimes interrupted pin- leaflets parted almost to midvein, apex acute. Fl. and fr. Jun–
nate. Flowers 1.1–1.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.2–3.8 cm, glan- Aug. 2n = 28.
dular multicellular hairy. Sepals elliptic to ovate, 2.5–4 × 1.8–4 Alpine or rocky meadows; 3400–4900 m. Xizang [Bhutan, NW
mm, margin entire, apex obtuse to acute; epicalyx segments India, Nepal, Sikkim].
oblong to broadly obovate, 2.5–5.5 × 2–4.5 mm, abaxially glan-
dular multicellular hairy, margin usually serrate, apex acute. 17b. Potentilla microphylla var. luteopilosa (T. T. Yu & C. L.
Petals obovate to broadly so, 5–6.5 × 3.5–7 mm, apex retuse or Li) H. Ikeda & H. Ohba in H. Ohba, Himal. Pl. 3: 48. 1999.
rounded. Stamens ca. 20, in 3 whorls, 1.2–2.2 mm; anthers sub- 黄毛小叶委陵菜 huang mao xiao ye wei ling cai
basal, globose, 4-loculed. Ovary ellipsoid, smooth; placenta
adaxial-lateral near style base; style sub-basal, 0.8–0.9 mm. Potentilla luteopilosa T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax.
Achenes many, borne on dome-shaped receptacle, obliquely Sin. 18: 9. 1980.
ellipsoid, 1.2–1.4 mm, smooth. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 42*.
Leaves 1–6 cm, not crowded, with 7–9 pairs of leaflets;
● Mountain meadows; 3200–3500 m. NW Yunnan (Dali Xian, leaflets lobed ca. 1/2 way to midvein, apex obtuse. Fl. and fr.
Yangbi Xian). Jun–Aug.
Potentilla polyphylloides differs from P. polyphylla in having
● Alpine rocks; 3800–4200 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
flowering stems occasionally rooting from the nodes in the lower part,
and leaflets abaxially, pedicels, and epicalyx segments abaxially with 17c. Potentilla microphylla var. tapetodes (Soják) H. Ikeda &
glandular, multicellular hairs. Potentilla fallens differs from P. poly- H. Ohba in H. Ohba, Himal. Pl. 3: 49. 1999.
phylloides in having epicalyx segments shorter than the sepals, suben-
tire at the margin or shallowly 2- or 3-serrate, and a style nearly 2 × as 丛生小叶委陵菜 cong sheng xiao ye wei ling cai
long as the ovary.
Potentilla tapetodes Soják, Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 152:
17. Potentilla microphylla D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 231. 160. 1983.
1825.
Leaves 0.5–1 cm, crowded, with 2 or 3(–5) pairs of leaf-
小叶委陵菜 xiao ye wei ling cai lets. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep.

Herbs perennial, low, usually tufted and pulvinate. Flow- Rocks on mountain slopes; 3500–5200 m. Xizang [Bhutan, Sik-
kim].
ering stems erect, 2–3 cm tall, appressed white pilose. Radical
leaves 0.5–6 cm including petiole, crowded or not; auricles of Potentilla microphylla var. caespitosa T. T. Yu & C. L. Li was
stipules free; petiole short, appressed pilose; leaf blade pinnate described in FRPS (p. 274), but the name is invalid because no Latin
with 2–9 pairs of leaflets; leaflets elliptic or obovate, 2–4 × 1.5– description or diagnosis was provided (St. Louis Code, Art. 36.1). The
entity described belongs to var. tapetodes.
2.5 mm, abaxially sericeous-pilose, later glabrescent, adaxially
glabrescent, or both surfaces glabrous, margin pinnately lobed The rootstock branches of var. tapetodes are surrounded by many
or parted, apex obtuse or acute; lobes or segments lanceolate; old leaves to form towerlike structures that cluster together to form a
cauline leaf 1, small, margin entire or parted. Flower 1(or 2), 1– large cushion.
1.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 2–12 mm, appressed pilose. Sepals tri- 18. Potentilla stenophylla (Franchet) Diels, Notes Roy. Bot.
angular-ovate, apex obtuse or acute; epicalyx segments lanceo- Gard. Edinburgh 5: 271. 1912.
late or elliptic-lanceolate, margin entire or 2-lobed. Petals yel-
狭叶委陵菜 xia ye wei ling cai
low, elliptic to obovate, apex rounded. Style lateral; stigma
slightly dilated. Achenes rugose. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug. Herbs perennial. Flowering stems 3–25 cm tall, together
with petioles appressed sericeous-pilose. Radical leaves 2.5–23
Alpine meadows and rocky places; 3400–5200 m. Sichuan,
cm including petiole; auricles of stipules free, apex acute to
Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NW India, Nepal, Sikkim].
acuminate; leaf blade pinnate with 5–25 pairs of leaflets; leaf-
1a. Leaves 0.5–1 cm, crowded, with 2 or lets oblong, 0.3–1.5 cm × 2–8 mm, becoming gradually smaller
3(–5) pairs of leaflets ............................ 17c. var. tapetodes toward base of leaf, abaxially densely appressed villous on
1b. Leaves 1–6 cm, not crowded, with 7–9 veins, becoming glabrescent or sericeous-villous, adaxially
pairs of leaflets. sparsely villous or glabrescent, or both surfaces glabrous except
2a. Leaflets parted almost to midvein, for tufts of hairs on apices of teeth, margin 3–15-serrate; cauline
apex acute ................................. 17a. var. microphylla leaves: auricles of stipules lanceolate to ovate, herbaceous, mar-
 ROSACEAE

gin entire, apex acuminate; leaf blade leafletlike, margin entire. phylla var. exaltata Cardot; P. tatsienluensis Th. Wolf.
Inflorescence cymose. Flowers 1.5–2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–
Leaflets 0.6–1 cm, with 5–7 teeth. Fl. and fr. Jun–Oct.
4 cm, appressed villous. Sepals elliptic to ovate; epicalyx seg-
ments lanceolate to elliptic, apex obtuse or acute. Petals yellow, Forest margins, alpine meadows; 3200–5800 m. Sichuan, Xizang
oblong to obovate, 3–7 × 2.5–5.5 cm, apex rounded. Style lat- [Sikkim].
eral; stigma slightly dilated. Achenes smooth or rugose. Fl. and 19. Potentilla glabriuscula (T. T. Yu & C. L. Li) Soják,
fr. Jul–Sep. Candollea 43: 453. 1988.
Forest margins, alpine meadows; 3200–5800 m. Sichuan, Xizang, 光叶委陵菜 guang ye wei ling cai
Yunnan [Myanmar, Sikkim].
Herbs perennial, low. Roots robust, terete; lateral roots fili-
1a. Leaflets with 3–5 apical teeth ........... 18a. var. stenophylla form. Flowering stems erect, 1–2.5 cm tall, pilose. Radical
1b. Leaflets with 5–15 teeth. leaves 1.5–5 cm including petiole; stipules brown, membra-
2a. Leaflets 0.6–1 cm, with 5–7 teeth nous, abaxially subglabrous, auricles connate from base to
....................................................... 18d. var. emergens apex, apex rounded; petiole subglabrous; leaf blade pinnate
2b. Leaflets 0.8–1.5 cm, with 6–15 teeth. with 3–7 pairs of leaflets; leaflets shortly petiolulate or subses-
3a. Leaflets hairy on both surfaces sile, oblong to narrowly obovate, 3–5 × 2–4 mm, subglabrous,
................................................. 18c. var. taliensis margin 3–7-serrate, apex acute; cauline leaves 1(or 2), or re-
3b. Leaflets glabrous except for duced and bractlike. Flower solitary, 6–12 mm in diam. Sepals
tufts of hairs on apices of teeth elliptic to ovate, apex rounded; epicalyx segments oblong-lan-
.................................................. 18b. var. cristata ceolate, nearly equaling sepals, abaxially sparsely pubescent or
18a. Potentilla stenophylla var. stenophylla subglabrous, apex obtuse or acute. Petals yellow, oblong to
elliptic, 6–8 × 4–5 mm, apex rounded. Stamens 5–10. Style lat-
狭叶委陵菜(原变种) xia ye wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong) eral. Achenes not seen. Fl. and fr. Jun–Oct.
Potentilla peduncularis D. Don var. stenophylla Franchet, Forest margins, alpine meadows; 2500–5500 m. E and S Xizang,
Pl. Delavay. 3: 214. 1890; P. millefolia H. Léveillé (1914), not NW Yunnan [Bhutan, N Myanmar, E Nepal, Sikkim].
Rydberg (1896); P. stenophylla var. millefolia Soják. Two varieties occur in China. Two of us (Ohba and Ikeda) believe
that var. majuscula Soják, described from Sikkim, is synonymous with
Leaflets with 3–5 teeth at apex. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep.
var. glabriuscula, but we have not seen the type.
● Forest margins, alpine meadows; 3200–5300 m. Sichuan, Xi-
zang, Yunnan.
1a. Stamens ca. 5 ................................... 19a. var. glabriuscula
1b. Stamens 8–10 ...................................... 19b. var. oligandra
18b. Potentilla stenophylla var. cristata (H. R. Fletcher) H.
Ikeda & H. Ohba in H. Ohba, Himal. Pl. 3: 52. 1999. 19a. Potentilla glabriuscula var. glabriuscula

贡山狭叶委陵菜 gong shan xia ye wei ling cai 光叶委陵菜(原变种) guang ye wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong)

Potentilla cristata H. R. Fletcher, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Sibbaldia glabriuscula T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phyto-
Edinburgh 20: 218. 1950. tax. Sin. 19: 516. 1981; ?Potentilla glabriuscula var. majuscula
Soják; P. glabriuscula var. narimensis Soják.
Leaflets 0.8–1.5 cm, with 11–13 teeth, glabrous except for
tufts of hairs on apices of teeth. Fl. Jul–Aug. Stamens ca. 5. Fl. and fr. Jun–Oct.

Alpine meadows; 3500–3700 m. NW Yunnan (Gaoligong Shan) Forest margins, alpine meadows; 2500–5500 m. E and S Xizang,
[Myanmar]. NW Yunnan [Bhutan, N Myanmar, E Nepal, ?Sikkim].

18c. Potentilla stenophylla var. taliensis (W. W. Smith) H. 19b. Potentilla glabriuscula var. oligandra (Soják) Soják,
Ikeda & H. Ohba in H. Ohba, Himal. Pl. 3: 52. 1999. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 116: 41. 1994.

大理委陵菜 da li wei ling cai 多蕊光叶委陵菜 duo rui guang ye wei ling cai

Potentilla taliensis W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Potentilla oligandra Soják, Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír.
Edinburgh 7: 199. 1914. 152: 160. 1983.

Leaflets 0.8–1.5 cm, with 6–15 teeth, hairy on both sur- Stamens 8–10. Fl. and fr. Jun–Oct.
faces. Fl. and fr. Jul–Oct. ● Alpine meadows; ca. 4000 m. SE Xizang.
● Forest margins, alpine meadows; 3800–4000 m. NW Yunnan 20. Potentilla aristata Soják, Candollea 43: 159. 1988.
(Dali Xian).
多对小叶委陵菜 duo dui xiao ye wei ling cai
18d. Potentilla stenophylla var. emergens Cardot, Notul. Syst.
(Paris) 3: 241. 1916. Potentilla microphylla D. Don var. achilleifolia J. D.
Hooker; P. microphylla var. multijuga T. T. Yu & C. L. Li.
康定委陵菜 kang ding wei ling cai
Herbs perennial, low, often mat forming. Roots several,
Potentilla stenophylla var. compacta J. Krause; P. steno- slender, terete. Flowering stems 2–3 cm tall, appressed white
 ROSACEAE

pilose. Radical leaves 1.5–4 cm including petiole; auricles of 22. Potentilla peduncularis D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 230.
stipules free, apex acute to acuminate; petiole short, appressed 1825.
pilose; leaf blade pinnate with 13–16 pairs of leaflets; terminal
总梗委陵菜 zong geng wei ling cai
leaflet oblong to narrowly obovate, ca. 2 × 3 mm, pinnately
lobed to parted with 8–12 segments; segments narrowly lanceo- Herbs perennial, rhizomatous. Rhizomes prostrate, robust,
late, abaxially sericeous-pilose, later glabrescent, or both sur- terete. Flowering stems 10–35 cm tall, together with petioles
faces glabrous; cauline leaf 1, small; leaf blade simple or pin- appressed villous or sericeous. Radical leaves 2.5–25 cm in-
nate with 4 or 5(–9) pairs of leaflets. Flower 1(or 2), 1–1.5 mm cluding petiole; auricles of stipules membranous, connate from
in diam.; pedicel 5–10 mm, appressed pilose. Sepals triangular- base to rounded apex; leaf blade non-interrupted pinnate with
ovate; epicalyx segments lanceolate to oblong, margin entire or 10–21 pairs of leaflets; terminal leaflet narrowly or broadly
deeply 2-lobed. Petals yellow, elliptic to obovate, apex rounded. ovate, narrowly obovate, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate,
Style lateral; stigma slightly dilated. Achenes not seen. Fl. and or oblong, 0.5–3 × 0.3–1.5 cm, both surfaces densely silvery
fr. Jun–Aug. sericeous or adaxially only sparsely so, base decurrent on apical
2 or 3 pairs of leaflets, margin sharply or bluntly serrate or apex
Forest margins, open places in thickets, alpine meadows, rocks on
mountain slopes; 3600–4800 m. Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Nepal, Sik- dentate; cauline leaves small; auricles of stipules herbaceous,
kim]. margin incised parted or incised serrate; leaf blade with 1 or 2
pairs of leaflets. Inflorescence corymbose-cymose. Flowers 1–
21. Potentilla turfosa Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 518. 3.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–3.5 cm. Sepals triangular-ovate; epi-
1933. calyx segments oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, margin entire or
簇生委陵菜 cu sheng wei ling cai 2–4-parted. Petals yellow, broadly elliptic to obovate, apex
rounded or retuse. Style lateral. Achenes not seen. Fl. and fr.
Herbs perennial. Flowering stems 10–30 cm tall, together May–Oct.
with petioles appressed pilose or glabrescent. Radical leaves 4–
Forests, alpine meadows, gravelly slopes; 3000–4800 m. Sichuan,
15 cm including petiole; auricles of stipules free, apex acute to Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NW India, Nepal, Sikkim].
acuminate; leaf blade usually interrupted pinnate with 3–11
pairs of leaflets; terminal leaflet ovate or elliptic, 0.3–2 × 0.3– 1a. Leaflet margin more than 10-serrate.
1.5 cm, abaxially densely appressed villous when young, gla- 2a. Leaflets narrowly ovate, abaxially
brescent or appressed pilose when old, margin acutely incised densely hairy, adaxially sparsely
5–7-serrate on each side; cauline leaves 1 or 2; auricles of stip- hairy ........................................ 22a. var. peduncularis
ules herbaceous, apex acuminate or 2–4-serrate; leaf blade with 2b. Leaflets broadly ovate, both
1–3 pairs of leaflets. Inflorescence 1–4-flowered. Flowers 0.8– surfaces densely hairy ............... 22b. var. shweliensis
1.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 3–4 cm, appressed pilose. Sepals tri- 1b. Leaflet margin 4–9-serrate or apex dentate.
angular-ovate; epicalyx segments oblong to obovate, margin 3a. Leaflets narrowly ovate, 1.5–3
entire or 2- or 3-serrate. Petals yellow, elliptic to obovate, apex cm, margin bluntly 5–9-serrate or
rounded. Stamens 11–20. Style lateral to sub-basal. Achenes apex dentate ....................................... 22c. var. vittata
not seen. Fl. and fr. Aug–Sep. 3b. Leaflets narrowly obovate, 0.5–2
cm, margin 4(or 5)-serrate or apex
● Alpine meadows; 1300–4200 m. Xizang, Yunnan. dentate ................................................. 22d. var. curta
1a. Stamens ca. 20 .......................................... 21a. var. turfosa 22a. Potentilla peduncularis var. peduncularis
1b. Stamens 11–14 ................................. 21b. var. gracilescens
总梗委陵菜(原变种) zong geng wei ling cai (yuan bian
21a. Potentilla turfosa var. turfosa zhong)
簇生委陵菜(原变种) cu sheng wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong) Potentilla peduncularis var. elongata T. T. Yu & C. L. Li;
P. remota Soják.
Stamens ca. 20. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep.
Leaflets narrowly ovate, abaxially densely hairy, adaxially
● Alpine meadows; 1300–4000 m. Xizang, Yunnan.
sparsely hairy, margin more than 10-serrate. Fl. and fr. Jun–Oct.
21b. Potentilla turfosa var. gracilescens (Soják) H. Ikeda & 2n = 42.
H. Ohba in H. Ohba, Himal. Pl. 3: 61. 1999. Forests, alpine meadows, gravelly slopes; 3000–4800 m. Sichuan,
Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NW India, Nepal, Sikkim].
纤细委陵菜 xian xi wei ling cai
Potentilla peduncularis var. abbreviata T. T. Yu & C. L. Li was
Potentilla glabriuscula (T. T. Yu & C. L. Li) Soják var. described in FRPS (p. 266), but the name is invalid because no Latin
gracilescens Soják, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 116: 41. 1994, based on P. description or diagnosis was provided (St. Louis Code, Art. 36.1). The
gracillima T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 9. 1980, entity described belongs to var. peduncularis.
not Kamelin (1977); P. turfosa var. caudiculata Soják.
22b. Potentilla peduncularis var. shweliensis (H. R. Fletcher)
Stamens 11–14. Fl. and fr. Aug–Sep. H. Ikeda & H. Ohba in H. Ohba, Himal. Pl. 3: 66. 1999.
● Alpine meadows; 3800–4200 m. Xizang. 多齿总梗委陵菜 duo chi zong geng wei ling cai
 ROSACEAE

Potentilla shweliensis H. R. Fletcher, Notes Roy. Bot. Potentilla leuconota D. Don var. corymbosa Cardot.
Gard. Edinburgh 20: 215. 1950.
Herbs perennial. Rhizomes short. Flowering stems 10–35
Leaflets broadly ovate, both surfaces densely hairy, mar- cm tall, together with petioles appressed villous or sericeous.
gin more than 10-serrate. Fl. and fr. Jun–Oct. Radical leaves 7–16 cm including petiole; auricles of stipules
free, apex acute to acuminate; leaf blade interrupted pinnate
● Forests, alpine meadows, gravelly slopes; ca. 3300 m. Yunnan.
with 10–22 pairs of leaflets; terminal leaflet lanceolate to ob-
22c. Potentilla peduncularis var. vittata (Soják) H. Ikeda & long, 1–2 cm × 4–8 mm, abaxially densely silvery or yellowish
H. Ohba in H. Ohba, Himal. Pl. 3: 67. 1999. sericeous, base decurrent in apical 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets,
margin sharply serrate; cauline leaves: auricles of stipules
狭叶总梗委陵菜 xia ye zong geng wei ling cai
herbaceous, apex incised parted or incised serrate; leaf blade
Potentilla vittata Soják, Candollea 43: 164. 1988; P. vitta- with 1–6 pairs of leaflets. Inflorescence corymbose-cymose.
ta var. abbreviata Soják; P. vittata var. assidens Soják; P. vitta- Flowers 0.8–1.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–2 cm. Epicalyx
ta var. pluriflora Soják; P. oxyodonta Soják. segments oblong to obovate, margin entire or 2–4-parted. Petals
yellow, elliptic to obovate, apex rounded or subretuse. Style
Leaflets narrowly ovate, 1.5–3 cm, margin bluntly 5–9- lateral; stigma slightly dilated. Achenes not seen. Fl. and fr.
serrate or apex dentate. Fl. and fr. Jun–Oct. May–Oct.
● Alpine meadows, gravelly slopes; 3000–4200 m. Xizang, Yun- Forests, thickets, alpine meadows, gravelly slopes; 3100–4000 m.
nan. Yunnan [Myanmar, Nepal].
22d. Potentilla peduncularis var. curta (Soják) H. Ikeda & H. Potentilla cardotiana is similar to P. peduncularis in habit, but has
Ohba in H. Ohba, Himal. Pl. 3: 68. 1999. radical leaf stipules with free auricles acute to acuminate at the apex,
whereas the stipules of P. peduncularis have auricles connate from the
少齿总梗委陵菜 shao chi zong geng wei ling cai
base to the rounded apex. Many specimens of P. cardotiana collected in
Potentilla curta Soják, Bot. Jarhb. Syst. 116: 215. 1994. China were misidentified as P. peduncularis.

Leaflets narrowly obovate, 0.5–2 cm, margin 4(or 5)-ser- 25. Potentilla commutata Lehmann var. polyandra Soják,
rate or apex dentate. Fl. and fr. Jun–Oct. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 116: 38. 1994.
Alpine meadows, gravelly slopes; 3400–4800 m. Xizang [Sikkim]. 多蕊委陵菜 duo rui wei ling cai
23. Potentilla contigua Soják, Candollea 43: 160. 1988. Potentilla decemjuga Soják; P. mieheorum Soják.
高山委陵菜 gao shan wei ling cai Herbs perennial. Flowering stems ascending, 3–10 cm tall,
Potentilla peduncularis var. clarkei J. D. Hooker; P. together with petioles appressed villous or sericeous. Radical
peduncularis var. glabriuscula T. T. Yu & C. L. Li. leaves 2–8 cm including petiole; auricles of stipules connate
from base to rounded apex; leaf blade non-interrupted pinnate
Herbs perennial, rhizomatous. Rhizomes prostrate, robust, with 5–15 pairs of leaflets; terminal leaflet oblong to narrowly
terete. Flowering stems 10–30 cm tall, together with petioles obovate, 3.5–8 × 2–4 mm, abaxially densely silvery sericeous,
appressed villous or sericeous. Radical leaves 10–20 cm in- base decurrent in apical 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets, margin sharply
cluding petiole; auricles of stipules free, apex acute to acumi- serrate; cauline leaves small; auricles of stipules herbaceous,
nate; leaf blade non-interrupted pinnate with 13–16 pairs of apex incised parted or incised serrate; leaf blade simple or with
leaflets; terminal leaflet oblong or narrowly obovate, 1–2 cm × 1 pair of leaflets. Inflorescence 1- to several flowered. Flowers
5–7 mm, abaxially densely or sparsely strigose, base decurrent 0.5–1.2 cm in diam.; pedicel 0.3–2.5 cm. Epicalyx segments
in apical 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets, margin sharply serrate; cauline oblong to lanceolate, margin entire or 2–4-parted. Petals yel-
leaves: auricles of stipules herbaceous, apex incised parted or low, broadly oblong to elliptic, apex rounded or retuse. Stamens
incised serrate; leaf blade with 3–5 pairs of leaflets. Inflores- ca. 20. Style subterminal; stigma slightly dilated. Achenes not
cence corymbose-cymose. Flowers 1.5–2.5 cm in diam.; pedi- seen. Fl. and fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 14.
cel 1.5–4 cm. Epicalyx segments oblong to elliptic-lanceolate,
margin entire or 2–4-parted. Petals yellow, broadly elliptic to Alpine meadows, gravelly slopes; 3800–4500 m. Sichuan [Bhu-
tan, NW India, Nepal, Sikkim].
obovate, apex rounded or retuse. Style lateral. Achenes not
seen. Fl. and fr. May–Oct. 2n = 28. Potentilla commutata var. commutata is distributed in NW India,
Nepal, and Sikkim.
Forest, thickets, alpine meadows, gravelly slopes; 3500–4600 m.
Sichuan, Xizang [Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim]. 26. Potentilla tugitakensis Masamune, J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 4:
77. 1932.
Potentilla contigua is similar to P. peduncularis in habit, but has
radical leaf stipules with free auricles, whereas the stipules of P. pedun- 台湾委陵菜 tai wan wei ling cai
cularis have auricles connate from the base to the apex.
Potentilla leuconota D. Don var. tugitakensis (Masamune)
24. Potentilla cardotiana Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Goth- H. L. Li.
ob. 13: 322. 1939.
Herbs perennial. Flowering stems 25–30 cm tall, densely
聚伞委陵菜 ju san wei ling cai canescent tomentose and villous. Radical leaves 10–18 cm in-
 ROSACEAE

cluding petiole; auricles of stipules connate from base to round- 27b. Potentilla leuconota var. omeiensis H. Ikeda & H. Ohba
ed apex; petiole densely white villous and white tomentose; in H. Ohba, Himal. Pl. 3: 78. 1999.
leaf blade non-interrupted (rarely interrupted) pinnate with usu-
峨眉银叶委陵菜 e mei yin ye wei ling cai
ally 19–27 pairs of leaflets; terminal leaflet oblong, 1–2 cm ×
4–8 mm, abaxially densely white sericeous-villous on veins, Leaflets abaxially densely appressed yellowish sericeous.
base decurrent in apical 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets, margin reg- Fl. and fr. May–Aug.
ularly sharply many serrate; cauline leaves 1 or 2; auricles of ● Forests, meadows on mountain slopes; 3000–3200 m. C Si-
stipules herbaceous, abaxially densely villous, margin entire chuan (Emei Shan).
or 1- or 2-serrate; leaf blade with 3–7 pairs of leaflets. Inflo-
rescence corymbose-cymose. Flowers 2–2.5 cm in diam.; ped- 27c. Potentilla leuconota var. brachyphyllaria Cardot, Notul.
icel 3–5 cm, proximally with a serrate bract; bract abaxially Syst. (Paris) 3: 241. 1916.
densely grayish white tomentose and villous. Epicalyx seg- 脱毛银叶委陵菜 tuo mao yin ye wei ling cai
ments ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate. Petals yellow.
Leaflets abaxially sparsely strigose. Fl. and fr. Jun–Nov.
Style lateral. Achenes smooth. Fr. Jul–Aug.
Alpine meadows, stream banks, cliffs; 3600–4200 m. Sichuan,
● Alpine meadows; ca. 3400 m. Taiwan.
Xizang, Yunnan [NE India (Assam)].
27. Potentilla leuconota D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 230. 1825.
28. Potentilla wenchuensis H. Ikeda & H. Ohba in H. Ohba,
银叶委陵菜 yin ye wei ling cai Himal. Pl. 3: 81. 1999.

Herbs perennial. Flowering stems 10–45 cm tall, together 汶川委陵菜 wen chuan wei ling cai
with petioles appressed or slightly spreading villous. Radical Herbs perennial. Flowering stems erect or ascending, 10–
leaves 2.5–25 cm including petiole; auricles of stipules connate 15 cm tall, together with petioles appressed villous or sericeous.
from base to middle, apex acute; leaf blade interrupted (rarely Radical leaves 10–18 cm including petiole; auricles of stipules
non-interrupted) pinnate with 6–18 pairs of leaflets; terminal connate from base to rounded apex; leaf blade non-interrupted
leaflet ovate to elliptic, or oblong, 0.5–3 × 0.3–1.5 cm, abax- pinnate with 8–10 pairs of leaflets; terminal leaflet lanceolate to
ially densely appressed silvery or yellowish sericeous, or narrowly oblong, 5–7 × ca. 2 mm, abaxially densely yellowish
sparsely strigose, base decurrent in apical 2 or 3 pairs of leaf- sericeous, base decurrent in apical 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets, ma-
lets, margin 4- to many serrate, teeth acute or acuminate; cau- rgin sharply serrate; cauline leaves small; auricles of stipules
line leaves 1 or 2, resembling radical ones; auricles of stipules green, herbaceous, apex incised parted or incised serrate; leaf
herbaceous, margin lacerate or parted. Inflorescence compactly blade with 1 or 2 pairs of leaflets. Inflorescence compactly
pseudoumbellate, with leaflike involucre. Flowers 5–8 mm in pseudoumbellate. Flowers 0.8–1.2 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–1.5
diam.; pedicel 1.5–2 cm, densely appressed white villous. cm. Epicalyx segments oblong to obovate, margin entire. Sepals
Epicalyx segments lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, abaxially triangular-ovate, apex obtuse or acute. Petals yellow, elliptic to
densely white villous. Petals yellow, obovate, apex rounded. obovate, apex rounded. Style lateral; stigma slightly dilated.
Style lateral. Achenes not seen. Fl. and fr. May–Nov. Achenes not seen. Fl. and fr. May–Oct.
Forests, meadows on mountain slopes, stream banks, cliffs; 2200– ● Meadows, gravelly slopes; 2000–4000 m. Guizhou, Sichuan.
4600 m. Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, My-
29. Potentilla anserina Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 495. 1753.
anmar, Nepal, Sikkim].
蕨麻 jue ma
1a. Leaflets abaxially sparsely
strigose ....................................... 27c. var. brachyphyllaria Potentilla anserina var. nuda Gaudin; P. anserina var.
1b. Leaflets abaxially densely sericeous. sericea Hayne; P. anserina var. viridis W. D. J. Koch.
2a. Leaflets abaxially densely
Herbs perennial, stoloniferous. Roots sometimes with fusi-
appressed silvery sericeous ......... 27a. var. leuconota
form or ellipsoid tubers. Stems prostrate, creeping, together
2b. Leaflets abaxially densely
with petioles appressed or subspreading pilose or glabrescent,
appressed yellowish sericeous ..... 27b. var. omeiensis
rooting at nodes and producing plantlets. Radical leaves 2–20
27a. Potentilla leuconota var. leuconota cm including petiole; auricles of stipules connate from base to
rounded apex; leaf blade interrupted pinnate with 5–11 pairs of
银叶委陵菜(原变种) yin ye wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong) leaflets; terminal leaflet elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or oblong-
Potentilla leuconota var. morrisonicola Hayata; P. mor- elliptic, 1–2.5 × 0.5–1 cm, abaxially densely appressed silvery
risonicola (Hayata) Hayata. sericeous, rarely glabrescent, base decurrent in apical pair of
leaflets, margin sharply many serrate; cauline leaves: auricles of
Leaflets abaxially densely appressed silvery sericeous. Fl. stipules sheathing at base. Flower solitary, 1.5–2.5 cm in diam.;
and fr. Jun–Oct. pedicel 2.5–8 cm, pilose. Epicalyx segments elliptic or elliptic-
Forests, meadows on mountain slopes; 2200–4600 m. Hubei, Si- lanceolate, margin usually 2- or 3-fid, rarely entire. Petals yel-
chuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sik- low, obovate, apex rounded. Style lateral. Achenes not seen. Fl.
kim]. and fr. Jun–Aug. 2n = 28, 42.
This variety is used medicinally. Meadows, grasslands on mountain slopes, river and ditch banks,
 ROSACEAE

wet places, roadsides; 500–4100 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, pilose or glabrescent, margin entire, apex acute or acuminate;
Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, petiole spreading villous; leaf blade interrupted pinnate with 3–
Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Asia, Australia (Tasmania), Europe, North 5 pairs of leaflets; terminal leaflet narrowly obovate or oblong-
America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), South America (Chile)]. elliptic, 1–4 × 0.5–2 cm, abaxially densely appressed sericeous,
30. Potentilla gombalana Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Goth- lateral veins prominent, parallel, straight, base decurrent in
ob. 13: 324. 1939. apical pair of leaflets, margin sharply serrate. Flower solitary,
1.5–2 cm in diam.; pedicel 2–7 cm, appressed pilose. Sepals tri-
川边委陵菜 chuan bian wei ling cai
angular-ovate, apex acute; epicalyx segments elliptic or oblan-
Herbs perennial, stoloniferous. Stems prostrate, together ceolate, abaxially pilose, 3- or 4-veined, margin 3–7-serrate,
with petioles appressed pilose. Radical leaves 13–25 cm in- apex acute. Petals yellow, obovate, apex rounded. Style lateral;
cluding petiole; auricles of stipules of radical leaves connate stigma dilated. Achenes not seen. Fl. and fr. May–Aug.
from base to rounded apex; leaf blade interrupted pinnate with
● Grassy mountain slopes; 1000–2900 m. Sichuan.
9–12 pairs of leaflets; terminal leaflet oblong-elliptic or ovate-
lanceolate, 1.5–4 × 0.5–1.5 cm, abaxially densely sericeous, 32. Potentilla taronensis C. Y. Wu ex T. T. Yu & C. L. Li,
base decurrent in apical pair of leaflets, margin incised serrate, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 9. 1980.
teeth hairy at apex; cauline leaves resembling radical ones but
reduced; auricles of stipules (on prostrate stems) broad, mem- 大果委陵菜 da guo wei ling cai
branous, base sheathing, apex slightly parted or entire; leaf
Herbs perennial. Stems spreading, densely spreading yel-
blade 3–5-foliolate. Flowers 1 or 2, ca. 3 cm in diam.; pedicel
low villous. Radical leaves 5–10 cm including petiole; auricles
5–6 cm, appressed pilose. Sepals broadly triangular-ovate; epi-
of stipules free (also those on lower cauline leaves), apex acute;
calyx segments narrowly lanceolate, appressed pilose, apex
petiole spreading yellow villous; leaf blade interrupted pinnate
acuminate. Petals yellow, broadly obovate, apex rounded or
emarginate. Style lateral; stigma slightly dilated. Achenes not usually with 4 or 5 pairs of leaflets (on upper cauline leaves
seen. Fl. Jul. with 1–3 pairs); leaflets elliptic or obovate-oblong, 1–3 × 0.5–
1.6 cm, abaxially pilose on veins, margin sharply incised ser-
● Forest margins; ca. 3700 m. Sichuan (Kangding Xian, Yulin- rate, apex subrounded or obtuse; upper cauline leaves: auricles
gong).
of stipules green, herbaceous, margin acutely incised many ser-
31. Potentilla smithiana Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. rate. Flower solitary; pedicel 1.5–4 cm, pilose, with 1–3 bracts.
13: 325. 1939. Sepals triangular-ovate, apex acuminate; epicalyx segments
齿萼委陵菜 chi e wei ling cai obovate, slightly shorter than sepals, margin 2- or 3-parted.
Style lateral; stigma not dilated. Achenes ellipsoid, ca. 2 mm in
Herbs perennial, stoloniferous. Stems prostrate, spreading diam., markedly papillate. Fr. Nov.
villous or glabrescent, often with adventitious roots at nodes.
Radical leaves not present at anthesis; leaves mostly cauline, 4– ● Alpine gravelly slopes; 3000–3200 m. NW Yunnan (Gaoligong
15 cm including petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially Shan).

5. Potentilla sect. Conostylae (Th. Wolf) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li in T. T. Yu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37: 279. 1985.
锥状花柱组 zhui zhuang hua zhu zu
Potentilla subsect. Conostylae Th. Wolf, Biblioth. Bot. 16(Heft 71): 48. 1908.
Herbs annual or perennial. Basal leaves pinnate, palmate, or 3-foliolate; leaflets serrate or divided at margin. Ovary glabrous;
style subterminal, conic, visibly thickened at base, gradually tapered distally.
About 350 species: mainly temperate and subarctic regions of N hemisphere; 47 species (13 endemic) in China.

1a. Radical leaves pinnate (sometimes 3-foliolate in P. hypargyrea).

2a. Leaves abaxially green or greenish, sericeous, pilose, or glabrescent.
3a. Leaflet margin parted to midvein.
4a. Radical leaves 3-foliolate, or terminal leaflets pseudopinnately parted, abaxially white sericeous ............ 63. P. hypargyrea
4b. Radical leaves pinnate, abaxially green, pilose or sparsely sericeous.
5a. Leaflets 2-pinnately dissected, ultimate segments ca. 1 mm wide, both surfaces pilose, apex acuminate;
stipules proximally adnate to petiole for ca. 3/4 their length; inflorescences 1–3-flowered ................ 62. P. coriandrifolia
5b. Leaflets 1-pinnatifid, ultimate segments ca. 2 mm wide, both surfaces pilose and granular sessile
glandular, apex obtuse; stipules proximally adnate to petiole for ca. 1/2 their length; inflorescences
cymose, many flowered ............................................................................................................................... 64. P. granulosa
3b. Leaflet margin serrate or lobed, but not deeply so to midvein.
6a. Radical leaves with 2 or 3(or 4) pairs of leaflets.
7a. Leaflet margin coarsely acutely or obtusely incised serrate; flowers ca. 2 cm in diam.; epicalyx segments
equaling sepals .............................................................................................................................................. 67. P. lancinata
7b. Leaflet margin crenulate; flowers 1.5–1.8 cm in diam.; epicalyx segments shorter than sepals ................. 68. P. crenulata
 ROSACEAE

6b. Radical leaves with 4–23 pairs of leaflets.

8a. Inflorescence lax, many flowered; flowers usually 1–1.5 cm in diam.; epicalyx segments linear-
lanceolate, usually shorter than sepals, not enlarged in fruit ................................................................... 65. P. tanacetifolia
8b. Inflorescence compact, few flowered; flowers 1.5–1.8 cm in diam.; epicalyx segments oblong-
lanceolate, nearly equaling or slightly longer than sepals, enlarged in fruit ................................................ 66. P. longifolia
2b. Leaves abaxially densely white or yellowish tomentose or sericeous.
9a. Radical leaves with 2–4 pairs of leaflets, leaflet margin serrate.
10a. Flowering stems and petioles pilose or villous ............................................................................................... 47. P. griffithii
10b. Flowering stems and petioles ± interwoven white tomentose and pilose, rarely glabrescent.
11a. Leaflets abaxially appressed sericeous on veins; sepals abaxially densely villous or sericeous ............... 46. P. potaninii
11b. Leaflets abaxially white tomentose on veins; sepals abaxially densely white tomentose.
12a. Leaflets in 2–4 pairs, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, margin incised serrate .............................................. 45. P. discolor
12b. Leaflets in 2 pairs, oblong to obovate-oblong, margin pectinately lobed .............................................. 48. P. hololeuca
9b. Radical leaves with (2 or)3–11 pairs of leaflets, leaflet margin parted or lobed.
13a. Flowering stems and petioles ± interwoven white tomentose or downy, rarely glabrescent.
14a. Leaflets of radical leaves pinnately or palmately parted nearly to base, thereby appearing
verticillate ................................................................................................................................................ 40. P. verticillaris
14b. Leaflets of radical leaves not as above, not appearing verticillate.
15a. Leaflet margin pectinate, lobes fasciated oblong or oblong-lanceolate .................................................... 44. P. strigosa
15b. Leaflet margin not pectinate, lobes often broader.
16a. Leaflets in 3–5(–8) pairs, subleathery, abaxially densely white tomentose, margin oblong or
triangular lobed ................................................................................................................................ 39. P. sischanensis
16b. Leaflets in 4–8 pairs, thinly papery, abaxially canescent tomentose, margin oblong dentate or
triangular lobed ................................................................................................................................... 41. P. limprichtii
13b. Flowering stems and petioles sericeous, villous, floccose, or pubescent, but not tomentose.
17a. Leaflets abaxially wholly tomentose or sericeous, sometimes glabrescent.
18a. Leaflets abaxially densely appressed sericeous, sometimes glabrescent, margin flat or slightly revolute;
stipules of cauline leaves entire; flowering stems and petioles sparsely sericeous or glabrescent ........ 36. P. multiceps
18b. Leaflets abaxially tomentose or sericeous, margin strongly revolute; stipules of cauline leaves entire
or 2-fid; flowering stems and petioles densely spreading white sericeous ................................................ 38. P. sericea
17b. Leaflets abaxially tomentose, white sericeous on veins.
19a. Leaflets abaxially tomentose and sparsely white villous, adaxially greenish, appressed white villous
or sericeous, lobes adjacent.
20a. Radical leaves with 3–5 pairs of leaflets; stipules of cauline leaves entire, rarely 2-fid; stems
and petioles appressed white villous ............................................................................................. 35. P. pamiroalaica
20b. Radical leaves with 6–9 pairs of leaflets; stipules of cauline leaves 2- or 3-fid; stems and
petioles spreading white sericeous-villous ............................................................................................ 37. P. plumosa
19b. Leaflets abaxially sericeous only on veins, adaxially green, appressed pilose, rarely glabrescent,
lobes distant.
21a. Flowers usually 1.2–1.5 cm in diam.; sepals erect, enlarged after flowering.
22a. Leaflets usually parted almost to midvein, lobes narrow, ± fasciated lanceolate; plants appressed
pubescent or recumbent sericeous, rarely glabrescent, hairs to 2 mm ............................................. 33. P. multifida
22b. Leaflets usually lobed, but not nearly midvein, lobes triangular-oblong or triangular-lanceolate
to fasciated oblong; plants sparsely spreading white villous, hairs 3–4 mm ..................................... 43. P. conferta
21b. Flowers usually 0.8–1.2 cm in diam.; sepals adnate to fruit, not enlarged after flowering.
23a. Stipules of cauline leaves usually dentately lobed; flowering stems white sericeous ..................... 42. P. chinensis
23b. Stipules of cauline leaves usually entire; flowering stems white villous ...................................... 34. P. multicaulis
1b. Radical leaves palmately 3–5-foliolate.
24a. Leaves abaxially white tomentose or sericeous.
25a. Radical leaves palmately 5-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate with leaflets pinnately parted, cauline leaves 3 to
many; inflorescence corymbose, many flowered.
26a. Leaflets of radical leaves 5–8-lobed; flowers 0.8–1 cm in diam. ..................................................................... 58. P. virgata
26b. Leaflets of radical leaves serrate or 1–4-lobed; flowers 1–2 cm in diam.
27a. Leaflets abaxially gray pilose or tomentose, margin flat, incised serrate ................................................... 61. P. inclinata
27b. Leaflets abaxially densely white tomentose, margin slightly or markedly revolute, irregularly
2–5-dentate distally or 2–4-lobed on each side.
28a. Leaflet margin slightly revolute, 2–4-lobed on each side, lobes narrowly fasciated .......................... 59. P. angustiloba
28b. Leaflet margin markedly revolute, entire in proximal 1/2, irregularly 2–5-dentate in distal 1/2 ........... 60. P. argentea
25b. Radical leaves 3(or 5)-foliolate, cauline leaves very few, 1- or 2-foliolate; inflorescence 2- or 3-flowered.
29a. Radical leaves 5-foliolate ......................................................................................................................... 52. P. saundersiana
 ROSACEAE

29b. Radical leaves 3-foliolate.

30a. Flowering stems and petioles usually white tomentose; leaflets abaxially tomentose on lateral veins.
31a. Leaflets lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, margin pinnately parted ................................................... 51. P. zhangbeiensis
31b. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, elliptic-ovate, or obovate, margin coarsely or sharply serrate.
32a. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, margin coarsely triangular 5–7-serrate; sepals abaxially appressed
pilose ........................................................................................................................................................... 49. P. nivea
32b. Leaflets elliptic-ovate or obovate, margin sharply ovate 3–7-serrate; sepals abaxially white
tomentose ........................................................................................................................................ 50. P. betonicifolia
30b. Flowering stems and petioles villous or also white tomentose; leaflets abaxially sericeous or pilose.
33a. Stipules of cauline leaves broad, fasciated 2–4-lobed; flowers 2–3 cm in diam.; epicalyx segments
abaxially silvery tomentose ....................................................................................................................... 54. P. delavayi
33b. Stipules of cauline leaves small, entire, rarely 2-serrate; flowers 1–2 cm in diam.; epicalyx segments
abaxially usually green and pilose.
34a. Pedicels and sepals abaxially glandular hairy; leaflets abaxially canescent tomentose, glabrescent
when old, adaxially pilose and glandular hairy ....................................................................................... 56. P. evestita
34b. Pedicels and sepals abaxially not glandular hairy; leaflets abaxially densely persistently tomentose,
adaxially appressed sericeous or pilose, rarely glabrescent.
35a. Plants gray tomentose; terminal leaflet of radical leaves shortly petiolulate ..................................... 55. P. nervosa
35b. Plants white tomentose; leaflets of radical leaves sessile.
36a. Leaflets abaxially densely silvery tomentose and appressed silvery sericeous, adaxially
appressed silvery sericeous; flowers ca. 2 cm in diam.; petals purplish at base; stamens
and styles purple ....................................................................................................................... 57. P. argyrophylla
36b. Leaflets abaxially densely gray or white tomentose, pilose on veins, adaxially green or
gray-green, appressed sericeous or pilose; petals yellow; stamens and styles yellow-white.
37a. Leaflets adaxially appressed pilose, margin crenate; pedicels erect; flowers 1–1.4 cm
in diam. ................................................................................................................................. 52. P. saundersiana
37b. Leaflets adaxially appressed sericeous, margin lobed, lobes fasciated; pedicels nodding;
flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam. ............................................................................................................ 53. P. pendula
24b. Leaves abaxially green, pilose.
38a. Radical leaves pinnate ............................................................................................................................................ 70. P. supina
38b. Radical leaves 3-foliolate, pedate, or palmate, rarely some leaves pinnate.
39a. Radical leaves palmately or pedately 5-foliolate, rarely some leaves 3-foliolate or pinnate.
40a. Stems prostrate, stoloniferous; roots slender; flowers 0.5–1 cm in diam. .................................................. 69. P. kleiniana
40b. Stems erect or decumbent; roots robust, usually woody; flowers 1.5–2.5 cm in diam.
41a. Plants glandular hairy.
42a. Plants red stipitate glandular hairy; radical leaves palmately or pedately 5-foliolate ..................... 78. P. desertorum
42b. Plants sessile glandular hairy; radical leaves palmately 5-foliolate, some leaves 3-foliolate,
rarely pinnate ...................................................................................................................................... 79. P. subdigitata
41b. Plants not glandular hairy.
43a. Flowering stems and petioles pubescent, glabrescent; plants with leaf rosettes at anthesis ............ 76. P. chrysantha
43b. Flowering stems and petioles white villous, hairs basally enlarged; plants without leaf rosettes at
anthesis ......................................................................................................................................................... 77. P. recta
39b. Radical leaves 3-foliolate.
44a. Flowering stems prostrate, elongate.
45a. Flowers many, in terminal cymes ..................................................................................................... 72. P. cryptotaeniae
45b. Flower solitary, lateral or terminal.
46a. Leaflets sessile, margin deeply serrate, stipules leathery, margin entire ................................................. 70. P. supina
46b. Leaflets markedly petiolulate, margin narrowly serrate, stipules membranous, margin entire or
serrate ................................................................................................................................................. 71. P. centigrana
44b. Flowering stems erect or ascending.
47a. Flowers 2.5–4 cm in diam. ................................................................................................................. 74. P. macrosepala
47b. Flowers not more than 2 cm in diam.
48a. Leaflets abaxially and sepals abaxially densely sessile glandular .................................................... 79. P. subdigitata
48b. Leaflets abaxially and sepals abaxially not or only inconspicuously glandular.
49a. Plants spiny-setose, 10–20 cm tall .................................................................................................. 73. P. asperrima
49b. Plants not spiny-setose, more than 20 cm tall.
50a. Plants 50–100 cm tall; leaflets usually oblong or oblong-lanceolate, apex prolonged
acuminate; stipules of cauline leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, mostly adnate
to petiole .................................................................................................................................. 72. P. cryptotaeniae
 ROSACEAE

50b. Plants 20–50 cm tall; leaflets usually elliptic, obovate, rhombic, or flabellate, apex obtuse
or acute; stipules of cauline leaves broadly ovate or ovate-elliptic, free part longer than
adnate part.
51a. Stems spreading; stipules of cauline leaves submembranous, margin entire or serrate;
peduncle leafy; flowers 0.6–0.8 cm in diam. .......................................................................... 71. P. centigrana
51b. Stems erect or ascending; stipules of cauline leaves herbaceous, margin entire; peduncle
with minute, leaflike bracts; flowers 1–1.2 cm in diam. ........................................................ 75. P. xizangensis
33. Potentilla multifida Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 496. 1753. May–Aug.
多裂委陵菜 duo lie wei ling cai Forest margins, meadows on mountain slopes, ravines; 1200–
4300 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qin-
Herbs perennial. Roots terete, slightly woody. Flowering ghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Asia, Europe, North Ameri-
stems ascending, sometimes spreading near ground, rarely ca].
erect, 3–40 cm tall, appressed or spreading pubescent or serice-
ous. Radical leaves 2.5–17 cm including petiole; stipules brown, This variety is used medicinally.
membranous, abaxially pilose or glabrescent; petiole appressed 33b. Potentilla multifida var. ornithopoda (Tausch) Th. Wolf,
or spreading pubescent; leaf blade pinnate with (2 or)3–5(or 6) Biblioth. Bot. 16(Heft 71): 156. 1908.
pairs of leaflets; leaflets opposite, rarely alternate, at intervals of
0.5–2 cm, oblong-elliptic or broadly ovate, 1–5 × 0.8–2 cm, dis- 掌叶多裂委陵菜 zhang ye duo lie wei ling cai
tal leaflets larger than proximal ones, abaxially white tomen- Potentilla ornithopoda Tausch, Hort. Canal. t. 10. 1823; P.
tose, appressed sericeous-villous on veins, adaxially appressed multifida var. subpalmata Krylov.
pubescent, densely appressed villous, or rarely glabrescent,
midvein and lateral veins convex, margin revolute, pinnately Flowering stems ascending, 12–40 cm tall. Cauline leaves
parted almost to midvein, apex acute or ligulate; segments pinnate or appearing palmate with 5 pairs of leaflets densely
fasciated, fasciated lanceolate, or ligulate fasciated; cauline inserted at petiole apex.
leaves 2 or 3; stipules green, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, herba-
Forest margins, meadows, grassy mountain slopes, ravines, sandy
ceous, apex acute or acuminate, 2-fid or entire; leaf blade re- river banks; 700–4800 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol,
sembling that of radical leaves but leaflets fewer higher up Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang [Mongolia, Russia].
stem. Inflorescence corymbose-cymose, elongated and lax after
flowering. Flowers 1.2–1.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm, 33c. Potentilla multifida var. nubigena Th. Wolf, Biblioth.
pubescent. Sepals triangular-ovate, apex acute or acuminate; Bot. 16(Heft 71): 155. 1908.
epicalyx segments lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, slightly
矮生多裂委陵菜 ai sheng duo lie wei ling cai
shorter than sepals, appressed villous, apex obtuse or acute. Pet-
als yellow, obovate, equaling sepals, apex emarginate. Style Potentilla multifida var. minor Ledebour.
subterminal, conic, base thickened, papillate; stigma slightly en-
larged. Achenes smooth or rugose. Fl. and fr. May–Aug. Flowering stems spreading near ground, 3–8 cm tall. Radi-
cal leaves 2.5–4 cm including petiole; leaf blade with (2 or)3
Forest margins, meadows, grassy mountain slopes, alpine valleys, pairs of leaflets; segments ligulate fasciated, abaxially densely
ravines, sandy river banks; 700–5000 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, tomentose and sericeous-villous, adaxially densely appressed
Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xin- villous. Inflorescence few flowered. Fl. and fr. May–Jul.
jiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Asia, Europe, North America].
Mountain meadows, alpine valleys; 1300–5000 m. Gansu, Hebei,
1a. Stems spreading near ground, 3–8 cm Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Xizang [C and SW Asia].
tall .......................................................... 33c. var. nubigena
1b. Stems ascending, rarely erect, 12–40 cm 34. Potentilla multicaulis Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-
tall. Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 99. 1833.
2a. Cauline leaves pinnate with up to 多茎委陵菜 duo jing wei ling cai
5 pairs of leaflets ............................ 33a. var. multifida
2b. Cauline leaves pinnate or appearing Potentilla sericea Linnaeus var. multicaulis (Bunge) Leh-
palmate with 5 pairs of leaflets mann.
densely inserted at petiole apex Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete. Flowering stems
................................................... 33b. var. ornithopoda many, tufted, ascending or spreading, usually dark reddish, 7–
35 cm tall, white villous or pubescent. Radical leaves 3–10 cm
33a. Potentilla multifida var. multifida
including petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially white
多裂委陵菜(原变种) duo lie wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong) villous; petiole dark red, white villous; leaf blade pinnate with
4–6(–8) pairs of leaflets; leaflets opposite, rarely alternate, at
Potentilla hypoleuca Turczaninow; P. multifida var. an-
intervals of 3–8 mm, sessile, elliptic to obovate, 5–20 × 3–8
gustifolia Lehmann; P. multifida var. hypoleuca (Turczaninow)
mm, distal leaflets much larger than proximal ones, abaxially
Th. Wolf; P. plurijuga Handel-Mazzetti.
white tomentose, sparsely white villous on veins, adaxially
Flowering stems ascending, rarely erect, 12–40 cm tall. sparsely appressed pilose, rarely glabrescent, main veins slight-
Cauline leaves pinnate with up to 5 pairs of leaflets. Fl. and fr. ly concave, margin flat or slightly revolute, pinnately parted,
 ROSACEAE

apex ligulate; segments fasciated; cauline leaves resembling bling those of radical leaves. Inflorescence cymose, 1- to sev-
radical ones but leaflets fewer; stipules green, herbaceous, mar- eral flowered. Flowers 0.7–1.2 cm in diam. Sepals elliptic-
gin entire, apex acuminate. Inflorescence cymose, many flower- lanceolate or triangular-ovate, apex acute or acuminate; epi-
ed, compact initially, lax after anthesis. Flowers 0.8–1(–1.3) cm calyx segments narrowly fasciated, usually ca. 1/2 as long as
in diam. Sepals triangular-ovate, apex acute; epicalyx segments sepals, abaxially pubescent and sparsely pilose. Petals yellow,
linear-lanceolate, ca. 1/2 as long as sepals, apex rounded. Petals obovate, ca. 1/2 as long as sepals, apex emarginate. Stamens ca.
yellow, obovate or suborbicular, slightly longer than to 2 × as 20. Carpels numerous; style subterminal, ca. 1.5 × as long as
long as sepals, apex emarginate. Style subterminal, cylindric, ovary, base thickened, papillate; stigma dilated, capitate.
base thickened. Achenes ovoid, rugose. Fl. and fr. Apr–Sep. Achenes not seen. Fl. Jul.
Thinned forests, meadows, shady places in ravines, sunny gravelly ● Mountain slopes, sandy river banks; 4000–5200 m. Qinghai,
slopes, field margins; 200–3800 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Nei Xizang.
Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang [Mon-
golia]. 37. Potentilla plumosa T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax.
Sin. 18: 10. 1980.
35. Potentilla pamiroalaica Juzepczuk in Komarov, Fl. URSS
10: 609. 1941. 羽毛委陵菜 yu mao wei ling cai

高原委陵菜 gao yuan wei ling cai Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete, woody. Flowering
stems spreading or ascending, 4–30 cm tall, spreading white
Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete. Rhizome usually sericeous-villous. Radical leaves 2–7 cm including petiole; stip-
multicipital, densely covered with brown relics of stipules. ules brown, membranous, abaxially white villous, rarely glabre-
Flowering stems usually ascending, rarely erect, 5–22 cm tall, scent; petiole white tomentose and white villous; leaf blade
appressed white villous, hairs subspreading in lower part. Radi- pinnate with 6–9 pairs of leaflets; leaflets opposite or alternate,
cal leaves 3–10 cm including petiole; stipules brown, mem- at intervals of 2–4 mm, sessile, elliptic, 3–15 × 2–8 mm, abax-
branous, abaxially white sericeous, rarely glabrescent; petiole ially white tomentose, sometimes glabrescent, densely appress-
appressed white pilose; leaf blade pinnate, very rarely palmate, ed white villous on veins, adaxially appressed white pubescent,
with 3–5 pairs of leaflets; leaflets opposite or alternate, at in- margin slightly revolute, parted to midvein, apex obtuse; seg-
tervals of 3–5 mm, sessile, adaxially green or grayish, ovate or ments 3–5 on each side of midvein, fasciated; cauline leaves
obovate-oblong, 5–13 × 3–7 mm, distal leaflets larger than resembling radical ones but only with 3–5 pairs of leaflets;
proximal ones, abaxially densely white tomentose, densely stipules green, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, abaxially
white sericeous-villous on veins, adaxially densely appressed densely appressed villous, margin 2–4-dentate-lobed or serrate,
white villous, margin flat, pinnately parted, apex obtuse; seg- apex acuminate. Inflorescence densely or laxly corymbose-cy-
ments oblong-linear; cauline leaves 1 or 2; stipules green, ovate mose, 3–10-flowered. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Sepals ovate
or ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, margin entire. Inflorescence or triangular-ovate, apex acute or acuminate; epicalyx segments
lax, few flowered. Flowers 1.2–1.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–3 ovate-lanceolate, slightly shorter than sepals, abaxially densely
cm, densely appressed villous. Sepals triangular-lanceolate or pubescent or villous, apex obtuse or acute. Petals yellow, obo-
ovate-lanceolate, apex acute or acuminate; epicalyx segments vate, ca. 2 × as long as sepals, apex emarginate. Stamens ca. 20.
lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, shorter than or rarely nearly Carpels numerous; ovary subreniform; style subterminal, base
equaling sepals, apex obtuse. Petals yellow, obovate, longer inconspicuously thickened; stigma slightly dilated, capitate.
than sepals, apex emarginate. Style subterminal, base slightly Achenes ovoid-ellipsoid, smooth, abaxially swollen. Fl. and fr.
thickened. Achenes smooth. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug. Jun–Aug.
Mountain slopes, shady places in river valleys; 3300–4700 m. ● Open places in forests, meadows, terraces in valleys, grassy
Xinjiang, Xizang [C Asia]. alpine slopes; 2500–4000 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang.
36. Potentilla multiceps T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax. 38. Potentilla sericea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 495. 1753.
Sin. 18: 9. 1980.
绢毛委陵菜 juan mao wei ling cai
多头委陵菜 duo tou wei ling cai
Herbs perennial. Roots robust, slightly woody. Flowering
Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete. Rhizome multicipi- stems erect or ascending, 5–20 cm tall, together with petioles
tal. Flowering stems densely tufted, erect, ascending, or spread- spreading white sericeous-villous. Radical leaves 3–8 cm in-
ing, 3–7 cm tall, white pilose, sometimes glabrescent. Radical cluding petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially serice-
leaves 1.5–3 cm including petiole; stipules brown, membra- ous or villous; leaf blade pinnate with 2–6 pairs of leaflets;
nous, pilose or glabrescent; petiole white pilose; leaf blade leaflets opposite, rarely alternate, at intervals of 3–5 mm or ad-
pinnate with (3 or)4 or 5 pairs of leaflets; leaflets opposite or jacent, sessile, adaxially green, oblong, usually 5–15 × 3–8 mm,
alternate, elliptic or obovate-elliptic, abaxially densely white distal leaflets larger than proximal ones, abaxially white tomen-
sericeous or glabrescent, adaxially appressed white pilose or tose and white sericeous, adaxially appressed sericeous, margin
glabrescent, margin flat, pinnately parted almost to midvein, revolute or not, pectinately parted, apex obtuse or acute; seg-
apex obtuse; segments 1–3 on each side of midvein, fasciated ments linear; cauline leaves 1 or 2; stipules green, ovate, herba-
ligulate; cauline leaves reduced; stipules green, herbaceous, ceous, abaxially villous, margin acutely serrate, rarely entire,
margin entire; leaf blade palmate or subpinnate; leaflets resem- apex acuminate. Inflorescence laxly cymose. Flowers 0.8–2.2
 ROSACEAE

cm in diam.; pedicel 1–2 cm, densely pubescent and villous. ly villous, margin flat or slightly revolute, pinnately parted or
Sepals triangular-ovate, apex acute; epicalyx segments lanceo- serrate-lobed, apex obtuse or acute; segments oblong-elliptic,
late, slightly shorter than or rarely nearly equaling sepals, apex lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, or lobes triangular or triangular-
obtuse or acute. Petals yellow, obovate, slightly longer than ovate; cauline leaves absent or undeveloped, bractlike, and pal-
sepals, apex emarginate. Style subterminal, base thickened. mately or pinnately 3–5-sect; stipules green, ovate-lanceolate,
Achenes brown, cylindric-ovoid, rugose. Fl. and fr. May–Sep. subleathery, abaxially densely white tomentose. Inflorescence
Forest margins, grasslands, meadows and rock crevices on moun- laxly cymose. Flowers 0.8–1 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–1.5 cm,
tain slopes, inundated river banks; 600–5200 m. Gansu, Heilongjiang, sparsely pilose, with small, opposite bracteoles. Sepals ovate-
Jilin, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang [NW Himalayas to Kash- lanceolate or triangular-ovate, apex acuminate; epicalyx seg-
mir, Mongolia, Russia]. ments linear-lanceolate, shorter than or nearly equaling sepals,
white tomentose and abaxially sparsely pilose. Petals yellow,
1a. Radical leaves with 3–6 pairs of leaflets,
obovate, 0.5–1 × as long as sepals, apex rounded or emarginate.
leaflets at intervals of 3–5 mm, abaxially
Style subterminal, base slightly thickened; stigma slightly di-
white tomentose and white sericeous,
lated. Achenes ovoid, rugose at maturity. Fl. and fr. Apr–Aug.
margin revolute ........................................ 38a. var. sericea
1b. Radical leaves with 2 pairs of leaflets, Thickets, grasslands, grassy or dry mountain slopes, ravines, loess
leaflets adjacent, abaxially densely hills, waste places; 200–3600 m. Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Ningxia,
white tomentose, densely sericeous Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan [Mongolia].
on veins, margin not revolute ............ 38b. var. polyschista 1a. Flowering stems tufted, erect or
38a. Potentilla sericea var. sericea ascending; leaflet margin pinnately
parted, segments oblong-elliptic,
绢毛委陵菜(原变种) juan mao wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong) lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate ........ 39a. var. sischanensis
Potentilla dasyphylla Bunge; P. sericea var. dasyphylla 1b. Flowering stems ascending or
(Bunge) Ledebour. spreading, rarely tufted and erect;
leaflet margin serrate-lobed, lobes
Radical leaves with 3–6 pairs of leaflets; leaflets at inter- triangular or triangular-ovate .................. 39b. var. peterae
vals of 3–5 mm, abaxially white tomentose and white sericeous,
margin revolute. Fl. and fr. May–Sep. 39a. Potentilla sischanensis var. sischanensis
Forest margins, grasslands, meadows on mountain slopes, inun- 西山委陵菜(原变种) xi shan wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong)
dated river banks; 600–4100 m. Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mon-
gol, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang [Mongolia, Russia]. Potentilla songarica Bunge var. chinensis Bunge.

38b. Potentilla sericea var. polyschista (Boissier) Lehmann, Flowering stems tufted, erect or ascending. Leaflet margin
Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 23, Suppl. pinnately parted; segments oblong-elliptic, lanceolate, or ovate-
[Revis. Potentill.]: 34. 1856. lanceolate. Fl. and fr. Apr–Aug.
变叶绢毛委陵菜 bian ye juan mao wei ling cai Thickets, grasslands, dry mountain slopes, loess hills; 200–3600
m. Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi
Potentilla polyschista Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, [Mongolia].
10: 6. 1849.
39b. Potentilla sischanensis var. peterae (Handel-Mazzetti) T.
Radical leaves with 2 pairs of leaflets; leaflets adjacent, T. Yu & C. L. Li in T. T. Yu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37:
abaxially densely white tomentose, densely sericeous on veins, 287. 1985.
margin not revolute.
齿裂西山委陵菜 chi lie xi shan wei ling cai
Alpine meadows, rock crevices on mountain slopes; 4400–5200
m. Xizang [NW Himalayas to Kashmir]. Potentilla peterae Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob.
13: 317. 1939.
39. Potentilla sischanensis Bunge ex Lehmann, Nov. Stirp.
Pug. 9: 3. 1851. Flowering stems ascending or spreading, rarely tufted and
erect. Leaflet margin serrate-lobed; lobes triangular or triangu-
西山委陵菜 xi shan wei ling cai lar-ovate. Fl. and fr. May–Aug.
Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete, woody. Flowering ● Grassy mountain slopes, ravines, waste places; 1700–2500 m.
stems tufted or not, erect, ascending, or spreading, 10–30 cm Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan.
tall, together with petioles white tomentose and sparsely villous, 40. Potentilla verticillaris Stephan ex Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 2:
glabrescent when old. Radical leaves 3–25(–30) cm including 1096. 1799.
petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially white villous;
leaf blade pinnate with 3–5(–8) pairs of leaflets; leaflets oppo- 轮叶委陵菜 lun ye wei ling cai
site, rarely proximal ones alternate, at intervals of 0.5–1.8 cm,
Potentilla verticillaris var. acutipetala Lehmann; P. ver-
adaxially green, ovate, oblong-elliptic, or lanceolate, 0.5–3 ×
ticillaris var. condensata Th. Wolf.
0.4–1.5 cm, subleathery, abaxially densely white tomentose, ap-
pressed white villous and tomentose on veins, adaxially sparse- Herbs perennial. Roots cylindric. Flowering stems tufted,
 ROSACEAE

erect, 5–16 cm tall, white tomentose and villous. Radical leaves lous; leaf blade pinnate with 5–15 pairs of leaflets; leaflets op-
3–5; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially densely white posite or alternate, at intervals of 5–8 mm, sessile, oblong, obo-
villous; leaflets adaxially green, proximal ones slightly shorter vate, or oblong-lanceolate, 1–5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, gradually becom-
than distal ones, usually 0.5–3 cm × 1–3 mm, abaxially white ing smaller toward leaf blade base, abaxially white tomentose,
tomentose, sparsely white villous on veins, adaxially pilose or white sericeous-villous on veins, adaxially pubescent or glabre-
glabrescent, base cuneate, margin revolute, pinnately or pal- scent, midvein concave, margin revolute, pinnatifid or parted to
mately parted almost to midvein, apex obtuse or acute; seg- midvein or nearly so, apex obtuse or acute; segments triangular-
ments linear or narrowly fasciated; cauline leaves 1 or 2; ovate, triangular-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or linear; cau-
stipules ovate-lanceolate, abaxially densely white tomentose, line leaves resembling radical ones but leaflets fewer; stipules
margin entire; leaf blade palmately 3–5-sect; segments fasci- green, herbaceous, margin sharply serrate. Inflorescence corym-
ated. Inflorescence laxly cymose, few flowered. Flowers 0.8– bose-cymose. Flowers 0.8–1(–1.3) cm in diam.; pedicel 0.5–1.5
1.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–1.5 cm, white tomentose. Sepals ob- cm, densely pubescent, with lanceolate bracts at base. Sepals
long, apex acuminate; epicalyx segments linear-lanceolate, triangular-ovate, apex acute; epicalyx segments fasciated or lan-
shorter than or nearly equaling sepals, abaxially white tomen- ceolate, ca. 1/2 as long as sepals, abaxially pubescent and
tose and villous, apex acute or acuminate. Petals yellow, broad- slightly sericeous-pilose, apex narrowly acute. Petals yellow,
ly obovate, slightly longer than to ca. 2 × as long as sepals, apex broadly obovate, slightly longer than sepals, apex emarginate.
emarginate. Style subterminal, base thickened; stigma dilated. Style subterminal, base slightly thickened, slightly papillate;
Achenes smooth. Fl. and fr. May–Aug. stigma dilated. Achenes dark brown, ovoid, markedly rugose.
Thickets, grasslands, dry mountain slopes, sandy river banks; Fl. and fr. Apr–Oct.
600–1900 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol [Japan, Korea,
Sparse forests, forest margins, thickets, meadows, grasslands,
Mongolia, Russia (Siberia)].
mountain slopes, ravines; 400–3200 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong,
41. Potentilla limprichtii J. Krause, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu,
Veg. Beih. 12: 408. 1922. Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Si-
chuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far
下江委陵菜 xia jiang wei ling cai East)].
Herbs perennial. Roots stout, terete, slightly fleshy. Flow- 1a. Leaflets pinnatifid, segments triangular-
ering stems subspreading to ascending, slender, 15–30 cm tall, ovate, triangular-lanceolate, or oblong-
together with petioles pilose and sparsely tomentose, usually lanceolate ............................................... 42a. var. chinensis
glabrescent in lower part. Radical leaves 6–20 cm including 1b. Leaflets parted to midvein or nearly
petiole; stipules tinged brown, membranous, abaxially pilose, so, segments linear ............................ 42b. var. lineariloba
rarely glabrescent; leaf blade pinnate with 4–8 pairs of leaflets;
leaflets opposite, rarely alternate, at intervals of 1–2.5 cm, 42a. Potentilla chinensis var. chinensis
shortly petiolulate or subsessile, ovate, elliptic-ovate, or oblong-
委陵菜(原变种) wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong)
obovate, 1–2.5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, thinly papery, abaxially grayish
white tomentose and pilose, adaxially appressed pilose or gla- Potentilla chinensis subsp. trigonodonta Handel-Mazzetti;
brescent, base cuneate or broadly so, margin distally 4–7-den- P. chinensis var. xerogenes Handel-Mazzetti; P. exaltata
tate-lobed or -serrate, on basal leaflets only 2- or 3-dentate- Bunge.
lobed; cauline leaves: stipules green, ovate, papery, margin en-
tire; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets resembling those of radical Leaflets pinnatifid; segments triangular-ovate, triangular-
leaves. Inflorescence laxly several flowered. Flowers 1–1.5 cm lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate.
in diam.; pedicel slender, 3–4 cm, pilose or tomentose. Sepals Sparse forests, forest margins, thickets, meadows on mountain
triangular-ovate, apex acute or acuminate; epicalyx segments slopes, ravines; 400–3200 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Gui-
fasciated lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, shorter than or rarely zhou, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liao-
nearly equaling sepals, abaxially pilose and white tomentose. ning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xi-
Petals yellow, obovate, 0.5–1 × as long as sepals, apex emar- zang, Yunnan [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East)].
ginate. Style subterminal, base slightly thickened; stigma capi- This variety is used medicinally.
tate. Achenes smooth. Fl. and fr. Oct.
42b. Potentilla chinensis var. lineariloba Franchet & Savatier,
Rock crevices in ravines. Guangdong, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan
Enum. Fl. Jap. 2: 339. 1878.
[Vietnam].
42. Potentilla chinensis Seringe in Candolle, Prodr. 2: 581. 细裂委陵菜 xi lie wei ling cai
1825. Leaflets parted to midvein or nearly so; segments linear.
委陵菜 wei ling cai Meadows, grasslands, sunny mountain slopes; 800–1400 m. He-
Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete, slightly woody. bei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong [Japan, Korea].
Flowering stems erect or ascending, 20–70 cm tall, sparsely
43. Potentilla conferta Bunge in Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 2: 240.
pubescent and sericeous-villous. Radical leaves 4–25 cm in-
1830.
cluding petiole; stipules brown, submembranous, abaxially
white sericeous-villous; petiole pubescent and sericeous-vil- 大萼委陵菜 da e wei ling cai
 ROSACEAE

Herbs perennial. Roots terete, woody. Flowering stems Stems low and spreading, 4–6 cm tall. Radical leaves 2–3
erect, ascending, or low and spreading, 4–45 cm tall, together cm including petiole; leaf blade with 3 pairs of leaflets; leaflets
with petioles pubescent and spreading white sericeous-villous, pinnately parted. Cymes 3–5-flowered. Flowers ca. 1 cm in
hairs to 4 mm. Radical leaves 2–20 cm including petiole; stip- diam. Fl. and fr. Sep.
ules brown, submembranous, abaxially white sericeous-villous;
● Meadows on mountain slopes; ca. 3500 m. Xizang.
leaf blade pinnate with 3–6 pairs of leaflets; leaflets opposite or
alternate, at intervals of 3–5 mm, lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, 44. Potentilla strigosa Pallas ex Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 356.
1–5 × 0.5–2 cm, abaxially canescent tomentose, spreading 1814.
white sericeous or villous on veins, adaxially appressed pubes-
茸毛委陵菜 rong mao wei ling cai
cent, pilose, or glabrescent, margin revolute, sometimes incon-
spicuously so, pinnatifid or pinnately parted, apex obtuse or Potentilla pensylvanica Linnaeus var. strigosa (Pallas ex
ligulate; segments usually triangular-oblong, triangular-lanceo- Pursh) Lehmann; P. sibirica Th. Wolf.
late, or fasciated oblong, often dilated at base; cauline leaves
resembling radical ones but with fewer leaflets; stipules green, Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete, woody. Flowering
herbaceous, margin dentate-lobed or not, apex acuminate. Inflo- stems erect, tinged yellow or gray, 10–50 cm tall, together with
rescence cymose, 3- to many flowered. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in petioles spreading pilose and strigose. Radical leaves 5–10 cm
diam.; pedicel 1–2.5 cm, densely pubescent. Sepals triangular- including petiole; stipules yellow-brown, membranous, abaxial-
ovate or elliptic, apex acute or acuminate; epicalyx segments ly strigose and pubescent; leaf blade pinnate with 3 or 4 pairs of
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, slightly shorter than sepals, leaflets; leaflets opposite or alternate, at intervals of 1–1.5 cm,
markedly dilated in fruit, apex obtuse or acute. Petals yellow, adaxially yellowish or grayish green, oblong, obovate-oblong,
obovate, slightly longer than sepals, apex rounded or emar- or obovate-lanceolate, 2–5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, adaxially densely
ginate. Style conic, base thickened; stigma slightly dilated. strigose and pubescent, densely villous along midvein and lat-
Achenes ovoid or hemispheric, ca. 1 mm in diam., rugose, eral veins, base cuneate or broadly so, margin pectinate, apex
rarely inconspicuously so. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep. obtuse; lobes fasciated oblong or oblong-lanceolate; cauline
leaves resembling radical ones but petiole shorter and leaflets
Thickets, meadows on mountain slopes, ravines, field margins; fewer higher up stem; stipules yellowish green, herbaceous,
below 3500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Si- margin dentate-parted. Inflorescence corymbose-cymose, com-
chuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Mongolia, Russia]. pact, many flowered. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam.; pedicel 0.8–
1a. Stems erect or ascending, 20–45 cm tall; 1.5 cm, strigose and pubescent. Sepals triangular-ovate, apex
radical leaves 6–20 cm including petiole, acute; epicalyx segments elliptic-lanceolate, nearly equaling se-
leaf blade with 3–6 pairs of leaflets, pals, markedly dilated in fruit, abaxially densely strigose and
leaflets pinnatifid but not parted to pubescent, apex acute. Petals yellow, obovate, slightly longer
midvein; cymes few to many flowered; than sepals, apex rounded or emarginate. Style subterminal,
flowers 1.2–1.5 cm in diam. ................... 43a. var. conferta base thickened. Achenes ellipsoid-reniform, markedly rugose.
1b. Stems low and spreading, 4–6 cm tall; Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.
radical leaves 2–3 cm including petiole, Grassy mountain slopes, dunes; 600–700 m. Heilongjiang, Nei
leaf blade with 3 pairs of leaflets, leaflets Mongol, Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia].
pinnately parted; cymes 3–5-flowered;
flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. .......................... 43b. var. trijuga 45. Potentilla discolor Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-
Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 99. 1833.
43a. Potentilla conferta var. conferta
翻白草 fan bai cao
大萼委陵菜(原变种) da e wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong)
Potentilla discolor var. formosana (Hance) Franchet; P.
Potentilla approximata Bunge; P. pensylvanica Linnaeus formosana Hance.
var. conferta (Bunge) Ledebour; P. sibirica Th. Wolf. var. Herbs perennial. Roots robust, lower parts often enlarged
longipila Th. Wolf. and fusiform. Flowering stems erect, ascending, or subspread-
Stems erect or ascending, 20–45 cm tall. Radical leaves 6– ing, 10–45 cm tall, together with petioles densely white lanate,
20 cm including petiole; leaf blade with 3–6 pairs of leaflets; sometimes also villous. Radical leaves 4–20 cm including
leaflets pinnatifid but not parted to midvein. Cymes few to petiole; stipules brown, membranous, white villous; leaf blade
many flowered. Flowers 1.2–1.5 cm in diam. Fl. and fr. Jun– with 2–4 pairs of leaflets; leaflets opposite or alternate, at in-
Sep. tervals of 0.8–1.5 cm, adaxially dark green, oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, 1–5 cm × 5–8 mm, abaxially densely white or
Thickets, meadows on mountain slopes, ravines, field margins; grayish white lanate, inconspicuously veined, adaxially sparsely
below 3500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Si- white lanate or glabrescent, base cuneate, broadly cuneate, or
chuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Mongolia, Russia]. obliquely rounded, margin obtusely serrate, rarely acutely so,
43b. Potentilla conferta var. trijuga T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta apex obtuse, rarely acute; cauline leaves 1 or 2; stipules green,
Phytotax. Sin. 18: 10. 1980. ovate or broadly so, herbaceous, abaxially densely white lanate,
margin incised dentate, rarely entire; leaf blade palmately 3–5-
矮生大萼委陵菜 ai sheng da e wei ling cai foliolate. Inflorescence cymose, laxly several to many flowered.
 ROSACEAE

Flowers 1–2 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–2.5 cm, lanate. Sepals Potentilla compsophylla Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti
triangular-ovate; epicalyx segments lanceolate, shorter than se- Gothob. 13: 306. 1939.
pals, abaxially white lanate. Petals yellow, obovate, longer than
Leaflet margin pectinately parted, segments fasciated ligu-
sepals, apex rounded or emarginate. Style subterminal, base
late. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep.
thickened, papillate; stigma slightly dilated. Achenes subreni-
form, ca. 1 mm wide, smooth. Fl. and fr. May–Sep. ● Meadows on mountain slopes; 3300–4700 m. Sichuan, Xizang.
Sparse forests, meadows, valleys, ravines. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, 47. Potentilla griffithii J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 351.
Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mon- 1878.
gol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan,
Zhejiang [Japan, Korea]. 柔毛委陵菜 rou mao wei ling cai
This species is used medicinally. Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete, sometimes much
46. Potentilla potaninii Th. Wolf, Biblioth. Bot. 16(Heft 71): branched. Flowering stems erect or ascending, 10–60 cm tall,
166. 1908. together with petioles spreading villous and pubescent or to-
mentose. Radical leaves 3–10 cm including petiole; stipules
华西委陵菜 hua xi wei ling cai brown, membranous, abaxially villous or glabrescent; leaf blade
Herbs perennial. Roots usually branched. Flowering stems pinnate with 2 or 3(or 4) pairs of leaflets; leaflets usually op-
tufted, erect or ascending, 10–30 cm tall, together with petioles posite, rarely proximal ones alternate, at intervals of 0.8–1.2
white tomentose and pilose. Radical leaves 2–10 cm including cm, sessile or subsessile, adaxially green, elliptic or obovate-
petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially pilose; leaf elliptic, 0.5–3 × 0.5–1.5 cm, abaxially white tomentose and
blade pinnate with 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets; leaflets opposite, at villous, densely villous on veins, sometimes white tomentum
intervals of 3–5 mm, sessile or subsessile, adaxially green, obo- deciduous, adaxially appressed pilose, base cuneate or broadly
vate or obovate-elliptic, 0.5–2.5 × 0.3–1.5 cm, abaxially white so, margin obtusely or acutely incised serrate, apex obtuse,
lanate, appressed villous on veins, adaxially appressed pilose, rarely acute; cauline leaves: stipules herbaceous, sometimes
base cuneate, margin obtusely or acutely serrate, or pectinately abaxially densely white tomentose and villous, margin 2- or 3-
parted, apex obtuse; teeth oblong or segments fasciated ligulate; fid, dentate-lobed, or entire; leaf blade pinnate with 2 pairs of
cauline leaves: stipules green, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, leaflets, or 3-foliolate; leaflets resembling those of radical
herbaceous, abaxially white tomentose and pilose, margin en- leaves. Inflorescence corymbose-cymose, laxly few flowered.
tire, apex acuminate; leaf blade pinnate with 2 pairs of leaflets, Flowers 1.5–2.5 cm in diam. Sepals triangular-ovate, apex
or 3-foliolate. Inflorescence cymose, laxly many flowered. acute to acuminate; epicalyx segments lanceolate, oblong-lan-
Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm, white tomen- ceolate, or oblong-elliptic, shorter than or nearly equaling se-
tose. Sepals ovate-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, apex acuminate; pals, green and pilose or sometimes white tomentose abaxially.
epicalyx segments lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, nearly Petals yellow, rarely white, obovate, 1–2 × as long as sepals,
equaling or rarely slightly shorter than sepals, abaxially pilose. apex emarginate. Style subterminal, conic, base thickened; stig-
Petals yellow, obovate, 0.5–1 × as long as sepals, apex emar- ma minute, not dilated. Achenes smooth. Fl. and fr. May–Oct.
ginate. Style subterminal, base slightly thickened; stigma di-
lated. Achenes smooth. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep. Forests, forest margins, meadows on mountain slopes; 2000–4000
m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim].
Forests, forest margins, meadows on mountain slopes; 1700–4700
m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan]. 1a. Flowering stems and petioles spreading
villous and pubescent; leaflets abaxially
1a. Leaflet margin obtusely or acutely white tomentose and white villous, densely
serrate, teeth oblong .............................. 46a. var. potaninii
villous on veins, stipules of cauline leaves
1b. Leaflet margin pectinately parted,
green, herbaceous, margin dentate-lobed
segments fasciated ligulate ........... 46b. var. compsophylla or entire ................................................... 47a. var. griffithii
46a. Potentilla potaninii var. potaninii 1b. Flowering stems and petioles spreading
white villous, usually also interwoven
华西委陵菜(原变种) hua xi wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong)
white tomentose; leaflets abaxially
Potentilla saundersiana Royle var. potaninii (Th. Wolf) densely white tomentose, appressed
Handel-Mazzetti. white villous on veins, stipules of
cauline leaves abaxially densely
Leaflet margin obtusely or acutely serrate, teeth oblong.
white tomentose and villous,
Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.
margin 2- or 3-fid or entire ..................... 47b. var. velutina
Forests, forest margins, meadows on mountain slopes; 1700–3000
m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan]. 47a. Potentilla griffithii var. griffithii
46b. Potentilla potaninii var. compsophylla (Handel-Mazzet- 柔毛委陵菜(原变种) rou mao wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong)
ti) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li in T. T. Yu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin.
Potentilla leschenaultiana Seringe var. pumila Franchet;
37: 294. 1985.
P. leschenaultiana var. reticulata Franchet; P. sikkimensis Th.
裂叶华西委陵菜 lie ye hua xi wei ling cai Wolf (1908), not Prain (1904).
 ROSACEAE

Flowering stems and petioles spreading villous and pu- apex obtuse or acute; cauline leaves 1 or 2; stipules green,
bescent. Leaflets abaxially white tomentose and white villous, ovate, herbaceous, abaxially densely white tomentose, margin
densely villous on veins; stipules of cauline leaves green, herba- usually entire, rarely serrate; leaflets smaller than those of radi-
ceous, margin dentate-lobed or entire. cal leaves. Inflorescence terminal, cymose, few flowered, rarely
a solitary flower. Flowers 1–1.8 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–2 cm,
Forests, forest margins, meadows on mountain slopes; 2000–3600
m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim].
white tomentose. Sepals triangular-ovate, apex acuminate or
acute; epicalyx segments linear-lanceolate, shorter than sepals,
47b. Potentilla griffithii var. velutina Cardot, Notul. Syst. abaxially spreading sericeous-pilose, apex obtuse. Petals yel-
(Paris) 3: 235. 1916. low, obovate, apex emarginate. Style subterminal, base thick-
ened and papillate, or inconspicuously thickened; stigma di-
长柔毛委陵菜 chang rou mao wei ling cai
lated. Achenes smooth. Fl. and fr. May–Sep.
Potentilla beauvaisii Cardot; P. leschenaultiana var. con-
Alpine thickets, meadows on mountain slopes, grassy slopes,
color Cardot. marsh margins, rocks; 1600–3400 m. Hebei, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shanxi,
Flowering stems and petioles spreading white villous, usu- Xinjiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; Europe].
ally also interwoven white tomentose. Leaflets abaxially dense- 1a. Leaflet margin obtusely 3–6(or 7)-crenate
ly white tomentose, appressed white villous on veins; stipules on each side; style base thickened,
of cauline leaves abaxially densely white tomentose and villous, papillate ....................................................... 49a. var. nivea
margin entire or 2- or 3-fid. 1b. Leaflet margin (6 or)7–14-serrate on
● Forest margins, mountain meadows; 3000–4000 m. Sichuan, each side; style base inconspicuously
Xizang, Yunnan. thickened ................................................ 49b. var. elongata
This variety is used medicinally. 49a. Potentilla nivea var. nivea
48. Potentilla hololeuca Boissier ex Lehmann, Del. Sem. Hort. 雪白委陵菜(原变种) xue bai wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong)
Hamburg. 1849: 8. 1849.
Potentilla nivea var. camtschatica Chamisso & Schlecht-
全白委陵菜 quan bai wei ling cai endal; P. nivea var. polyphylla Yong Zhang & Z. T. Yin.
Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete. Flowering stems Leaflet margin obtusely 3–6(or 7)-crenate on each side,
erect or ascending, 5–25 cm tall, together with petioles cane- Style base thickened, papillate. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.
scent tomentose and villous. Radical leaves 2–6 cm including
Alpine thickets, meadows on mountain slopes, marsh margins;
petiole; stipules brown, membranous, sparsely villous; leaf 2100–3200 m. Hebei, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Japan, Ko-
blade pinnate with 2 pairs of leaflets; leaflets opposite, usually rea, Russia; Europe].
adjacent, subsessile, adaxially green, oblong to obovate-oblong,
1–2.5 × 0.8–1.5 cm, abaxially densely canescent tomentose or 49b. Potentilla nivea var. elongata Th. Wolf, Biblioth. Bot.
villous, white tomentose and villous on veins, adaxially white 16(Heft 71): 237. 1908.
pilose, base cuneate or broadly so, margin pectinatifid, apex 多齿雪白委陵菜 duo chi xue bai wei ling cai
obtuse; segments oblong, apex obtuse or acute; cauline leaves
undeveloped; stipules margin entire, rarely 2-fid. Inflorescence Potentilla crebridens Juzepczuk; P. nivea var. macrantha
terminal, cymose, 3–7-flowered. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam. Se- Ledebour.
pals triangular-ovate, apex acuminate; epicalyx segments nar-
Leaflet margin (6 or)7–14-serrate on each side; style base
rowly oblong, shorter than sepals, abaxially tomentose and seri-
inconspicuously thickened. Fl. and fr. May–Sep.
ceous, apex subobtuse. Petals obcordate, usually 1–2 × as long
as sepals, apex emarginate. Style terminal, base slightly thick- Grassy slopes, rocks; 1600–3400 m. Hebei, Shanxi [Mongolia,
ened; stigma dilated. Achenes not seen. Fl. Aug. Russia (Baikal region)].

Alpine meadows, ravines near snow line; 3000–3600 m. Xinjiang 50. Potentilla betonicifolia Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. 5: 601.
[Russia; SW Asia (Iran)]. 1804.
49. Potentilla nivea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 499. 1753. 白萼委陵菜 bai e wei ling cai
雪白委陵菜 xue bai wei ling cai Potentilla leucophylla Pallas; P. nivea Linnaeus var.
angustifolia Ledebour.
Herbs perennial. Roots terete. Flowering stems erect or
ascending, 5–25 cm tall, together with petioles white tomen- Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete, usually woody.
tose. Radical leaves 15–80 cm including petiole; stipules brown, Flowering stems erect or ascending, 8–16 cm tall, together with
membranous, abaxially sparsely pilose or glabrescent; leaf blade petioles white tomentose when young, later glabrescent. Radi-
3-foliolate; leaflets sessile or sometimes terminal one shortly cal leaves 5–12 cm including petiole; stipules brown, mem-
petiolulate, ovate, obovate, or elliptic, 1–2 × 0.8–1.3 cm, abaxi- branous, abaxially white sericeous-villous; leaf blade 3-folio-
ally white tomentose, inconspicuously veined, adaxially ap- late; leaflets sessile, adaxially green, oblong-lanceolate or
pressed pilose, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin ob- ovate-lanceolate, 1–5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, leathery, abaxially densely
tusely 3–6(or 7)-crenate or (6 or)7–14-serrate on each side, white tomentose, sparsely sericeous pilose along midvein, adax-
 ROSACEAE

ially white tomentose initially, later glabrescent, base cuneate or ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, abaxially white tomentose and pi-
subrounded, margin obtusely or acutely coarsely many dentate, lose, margin usually entire, apex acute or acuminate; leaf blade
apex acute; cauline leaves undeveloped, bractlike; stipules mi- 3–5-foliolate; leaflets resembling those of radical leaves. Inflo-
nute, oblong-ovate, leathery, abaxially white tomentose, margin rescence terminal, laxly cymose, 1(or 2)- or many flowered.
entire. Inflorescences cymose-paniculate, laxly many flowered. Flowers 1–1.4 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–3 cm, white tomentose.
Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–1.5 cm, white tomentose. Sepals triangular-ovate or triangular-lanceolate; epicalyx seg-
Sepals triangular-ovate, apex acute; epicalyx segments lanceo- ments lanceolate or elliptic, shorter than or nearly equaling se-
late or elliptic, shorter than or nearly equaling sepals, abaxially pals, abaxially white tomentose and pilose, apex acute or 1–
white tomentose and pilose, apex acute. Petals yellow, obovate, 3(–5)-fid. Petals yellow, obovate, slightly longer than or ca. 2 ×
apex rounded. Style subterminal, base thickened; stigma slight- as long as sepals, apex emarginate. Style subterminal, base
ly dilated. Achenes rugose. Fl. and fr. May–Jun. inconspicuously thickened; stigma slightly dilated. Achenes
smooth. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.
Meadows on mountain slopes, rock crevices; 700–1600 m. Hebei,
Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol [Mongolia, Russia]. Alpine thickets and meadows, gravel fields; 2600–5200 m. Gansu,
Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang,
51. Potentilla zhangbeiensis Yong Zhang & Z. T. Yin, Acta Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sikkim].
Phytotax. Sin. 32: 482. 1994.
1a. Inflorescence 1(or 2)-flowered ........... 52d. var. caespitosa
张北委陵菜 zhang bei wei ling cai 1b. Inflorescence a many-flowered cyme.
Herbs perennial. Roots black-brown, robust, terete. Flo- 2a. Radical leaves subpinnately
wering stems erect or ascending, 6–20 cm tall, densely white (3–)5–7(or 8)-foliolate ............... 52c. var. subpinnata
tomentose and sparsely villous when young, later glabrescent. 2b. Radical leaves palmately 3–5-foliolate.
Radical leaves 1.5–8 cm including petiole; stipules brown, 3a. Leaflets adaxially green, sparsely
membranous, abaxially villous; leaf blade palmately 3-foliolate, appressed pilose; epicalyx
sometimes pinnately 5-foliolate; leaflets sessile, adaxially green, segments shorter than or
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 0.5–3.5 × 0.2–1.5 cm (basal pair nearly equaling sepals,
extremely small), abaxially densely white tomentose, adaxially apex acute ....................... 52a. var. saundersiana
sparsely pubescent or subglabrous, base cuneate, margin pin- 3b. Leaflets adaxially grayish
nately parted, apex acute; lobes triangular or linear-lanceolate; green, densely appressed
cauline leaves bractlike, small; stipules ovate, small, subleath- sericeous; epicalyx segments
ery, abaxially densely white tomentose, margin entire. Inflores- nearly equaling sepals, apex
cence terminal, cymose. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam.; pedicel 1– 2- or 3(–5)-fid ................ 52b. var. jacquemontii
2.5 cm, densely tomentose and sparsely villous. Sepals ovate-
lanceolate, ca. 4.5 × 3 mm, abaxially white tomentose and 52a. Potentilla saundersiana var. saundersiana
sparsely villous; epicalyx segments lanceolate, ca. 3 × 1 mm, 钉柱委陵菜(原变种) ding zhu wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong)
abaxially white tomentose and sparsely villous. Petals yellow,
obovate, ca. 5 mm, apex emarginate or obtuse. Receptacle Potentilla griffithii J. D. Hooker var. pumila (Franchet)
densely villous. Style subterminal, base thickened; stigma slight- Handel-Mazzetti; P. leschenaultiana Seringe var. pumila Fran-
ly dilated. Achenes black-brown, ovoid, rugose. Fl. and fr. chet; P. multifida Linnaeus var. saundersiana (Royle) J. D.
May–Aug. Hooker; P. potaninii Th. Wolf var. subdigitata Th. Wolf; P.
thibetica Cardot.
● Grassy slopes; ca. 1600 m. NW Hebei (Zhangbei Xian).
Radical leaves palmately 3–5-foliolate; leaflets adaxially
One of us (Ohba) believes this species may be synonymous with
Potentilla betonicifolia.
green, sparsely appressed pilose. Inflorescence many flowered.
Epicalyx segments shorter than or nearly equaling sepals, apex
52. Potentilla saundersiana Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 207. acute.
1835.
Alpine thickets and meadows; 2600–5200 m. Gansu, Ningxia,
钉柱委陵菜 ding zhu wei ling cai Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India,
Nepal, Sikkim].
Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete, rarely slender. Flow-
ering stems erect or ascending, rarely low and tufted, 10–20 cm 52b. Potentilla saundersiana var. jacquemontii Franchet, Pl.
tall, together with petioles white tomentose and pilose. Radical Delavay. 3: 215. 1890.
leaves 2–5 cm including petiole; stipules brown, membranous,
裂萼钉柱委陵菜 lie e ding zhu wei ling cai
abaxially white villous or glabrescent; leaf blade subpinnately
or palmately 3–7(or 8)-foliolate; leaflets sessile, adaxially green Potentilla forrestii W. W. Smith.
or grayish green, oblong-obovate, rarely broadly obovate, 0.5–2
Radical leaves palmately 3–5-foliolate; leaflets adaxially
cm × 4–10 mm, abaxially densely white tomentose, appressed
grayish green, densely appressed sericeous. Inflorescence many
pilose on veins, adaxially sparsely appressed pilose or densely
flowered. Epicalyx segments nearly equaling sepals, apex 2- or
appressed sericeous, base cuneate, margin slightly obtusely or
3(–5)-fid.
acutely many incised serrate, rarely lobed to parted, apex ob-
tuse, rarely acute; cauline leaves 1 or 2; stipules green, ovate or ● Alpine thickets and meadows; 3400–4100 m. Xizang, Yunnan.
 ROSACEAE

52c. Potentilla saundersiana var. subpinnata Handel-Mazzet- vate, 1–4 × 0.5–2 cm, abaxially densely white tomentose,
ti, Symb. Sin. 7: 513. 1933. markedly sparsely villous on veins, adaxially densely spreading
villous, base cuneate or broadly so, margin obtusely or acutely
羽叶钉柱委陵菜 yu ye ding zhu wei ling cai
serrate, apex obtuse; cauline leaves 3 or 4; stipules green,
Potentilla forrestii var. subpinnata (Handel-Mazzetti) herbaceous, abaxially densely white tomentose and sparsely vil-
Handel-Mazzetti. lous, margin lobed or parted; leaflets resembling those of radi-
cal leaves. Inflorescence terminal, cymose, few flowered. Flow-
Radical leaves subpinnately (3–)5–7(or 8)-foliolate. Inflo- ers 2–2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–2.5 cm, tomentose and villous.
rescence a many-flowered cyme. Epicalyx segments acute or 1- Sepals triangular-ovate, abaxially green and spreading villous,
or 2-fid at apex. apex acute or acuminate; epicalyx segments elliptic, nearly
● Alpine meadows, gravel fields; 3100–3600 m. Sichuan, Yun- equaling sepals, abaxially usually white tomentose and pilose,
nan. base sometimes with very short stipe, apex obtuse or acute.
Petals yellow, apex markedly emarginate. Style terminal,
52d. Potentilla saundersiana var. caespitosa (Lehmann) Th.
base prominently thickened; stigma slightly dilated. Achenes
Wolf, Biblioth. Bot. 16(Heft 71): 243. 1908.
smooth. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep.
丛生钉柱委陵菜 cong sheng ding zhu wei ling cai ● Meadows on mountain slopes; 3000–3500 m. Yunnan.
Potentilla caespitosa Lehmann, Del. Sem. Hort. Hamburg. 55. Potentilla nervosa Juzepczuk in Komarov, Fl. URSS 10:
1849: 10. 1849; P. sinonivea Hultén. 610. 1941.
Plants low and tufted. Roots slender. Radical leaves usu- 显脉委陵菜 xian mai wei ling cai
ally 3-foliolate; leaflets broadly obovate, margin lobed to part-
ed. Inflorescence 1(or 2)-flowered. Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete. Flowering stems
erect or slightly curved at base, 16–30 cm tall, together with
● Alpine thickets and meadows; 2700–5200 m. Gansu, Nei Mon- petioles grayish white tomentose and pilose. Radical leaves 3–
gol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xinjiang, Xizang. 10 cm including petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially
53. Potentilla pendula T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax. appressed villous; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets sessile or ter-
Sin. 18: 10. 1980. minal one shortly petiolulate, oblong-elliptic or obovate-elliptic,
1–3.5 × 0.7–1.5 cm, abaxially canescent tomentose, appressed
垂花委陵菜 chui hua wei ling cai white villous on veins, adaxially appressed pilose, sometimes
Herbs perennial. Roots slender. Flowering stems erect or sparsely canescent tomentose, base cuneate or broadly so, mar-
ascending, purplish, 5–10 cm tall, together with petioles cane- gin acutely or obtusely 6–10-serrate, apex acute or obtuse; cau-
scent tomentose, rarely pilose. Radical leaves 3–6 cm including line leaves 1–3; stipules ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, abaxially
petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially white villous or densely white tomentose and villous, margin entire, apex rarely
glabrescent; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets sessile or terminal 2- or 3-fid; leaflets resembling those of radical leaves. Inflo-
one shortly petiolulate, adaxially green, elliptic to ovate, 1.5–2 rescence terminal, laxly cymose-corymbose, many flowered.
× 0.5–1 cm, abaxially densely canescent tomentose, appressed Flowers 1.5–1.8 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm, densely to-
sericeous on veins, adaxially appressed sericeous, base broadly mentose. Sepals triangular-ovate, apex acuminate; epicalyx seg-
cuneate, margin lobed, apex obtuse; lobes fasciated, apex ob- ments fasciated or lanceolate, nearly equaling sepals, abaxially
tuse or acute; cauline leaves 1 or 2, shortly petiolate, small; stip- appressed pilose, apex subobtuse or acuminate. Petals yellow,
ules ovate-lanceolate, margin entire or 1- or 2-serrate. Inflo- obovate, 0.5–1 × as long as sepals, apex emarginate. Style
rescence terminal, cymose, many flowered. Flowers usually subterminal, base inconspicuously thickened; stigma dilated.
nodding, 1–1.4 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–2 cm, tomentose. Achenes not seen. Fl. and fr. Jun–Jul.
Sepals triangular-lanceolate, apex acute; epicalyx segments fas- Forest margins, grassy slopes; 1900–2500 m. Xinjiang [Russia].
ciated, slightly shorter than sepals, abaxially densely canescent
tomentose and pilose, apex subobtuse. Petals yellow, obovate, 56. Potentilla evestita Th. Wolf, Biblioth. Bot. 16(Heft 71):
nearly 2 × as long as sepals, apex emarginate. Stamens ca. 18. 248. 1908.
Carpels numerous; style subterminal, nearly 3 × as long as 脱绒委陵菜 tuo rong wei ling cai
ovary; stigma slightly dilated, capitate. Achenes not seen. Fl.
Jul. Herbs perennial. Roots terete. Flowering stems erect or
● Rocks; ca. 2600 m. Chongqing (Wuxi Xian).
ascending, 15–30 cm tall, sparsely pilose or glabrescent. Radi-
cal leaves 5–15 cm including petiole; stipules brown, membra-
54. Potentilla delavayi Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 3: 215. 1890. nous, abaxially pilose; petiole sparsely pilose, sometimes
sparsely glandular hairy; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets adax-
滇西委陵菜 dian xi wei ling cai
ially green, broadly obovate or rhombic-elliptic, 1.5–4.5 × 1–3
Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete. Flowering stems cm, abaxially initially canescent tomentose, later glabrescent,
erect or ascending, 15–35 cm tall, densely yellowish villous. villous and glandular along midvein, adaxially pilose and glan-
Radical leaves 4–18 cm including petiole; stipules purple- dular, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin obtusely 3–
brown, membranous, abaxially villous; petiole spreading vil- 6-incised serrate or lobed, apex obtuse; cauline leaves: stipules
lous; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets sessile or subsessile, obo- brown, ovate, herbaceous, abaxially pilose and glandular, mar-
 ROSACEAE

gin entire or apex 2-fid; leaflets resembling those of radical Ditch sides; ca. 4000 m. Xizang [Nepal, Pakistan].
leaves. Inflorescence laxly corymbose-cymose. Flowers ca. 1.5
58. Potentilla virgata Lehmann, Monogr. Potentill. 75. 1820.
cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm, pilose and glandular hairy.
Sepals ovate-oblong or triangular-lanceolate, apex obtuse or 密枝委陵菜 mi zhi wei ling cai
acute; epicalyx segments linear-lanceolate, abaxially pilose and
Herbs perennial. Roots terete. Flowering stems erect or
glandular, apex obtuse. Petals yellow, obovate, apex emargi-
ascending, or low and spreading, much branched from base,
nate. Style subterminal, base thickened; stigma slightly dilated.
15–60 cm tall, together with petioles densely appressed villous
Achenes sparsely rugose. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep.
or sericeous-pilose. Radical leaves 5–20 cm including petiole;
Stream sides, alpine rock crevices; 2000–2600 m. Xinjiang [Mon- stipules dark brown, membranous, subglabrous; leaf blade pal-
golia, Russia (Siberia); C Asia]. mately 3–5-foliolate; leaflets adaxially green, oblong-lanceolate
57. Potentilla argyrophylla Wallich ex Lehmann, Nov. Stirp. or obovate-lanceolate, 1.5–10 × 1–2 cm, abaxially densely
Pug. 3: 36. 1831. white tomentose, appressed villous on veins, adaxially densely
appressed villous, sometimes glabrescent, base cuneate, margin
银光委陵菜 yin guang wei ling cai revolute, 2–8-parted to 2–8-fid on each side, apex acute or acu-
minate; segments triangular-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 1–
Herbs perennial. Roots terete. Flowering stems erect or
3 mm wide, apex acute or acuminate; cauline leaves: stipules
basally slightly curved, 15–20 cm tall, together with petioles
green, ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, abaxially white tomentose,
densely silvery tomentose and villous. Radical leaves 5–10 cm
margin entire, rarely dentate. Inflorescence corymbose-cymose,
including petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially ap-
laxly few or many flowered. Flowers 0.8–1 cm in diam.; pedi-
pressed white sericeous, later glabrescent; leaf blade 3-foliolate;
cel slender, 0.8–1.5 cm, tomentose. Sepals triangular-ovate or
leaflets sessile or terminal one very shortly petiolulate, obovate,
ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate; epicalyx segments lanceolate
elliptic, or broadly ovate, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 cm, abaxially densely
or linear, shorter than sepals, apex obtuse or acute. Petals yel-
silvery tomentose, appressed silvery sericeous on veins, adax-
low, obovate, slightly longer than or nearly 2 × as long as se-
ially appressed silvery sericeous, base cuneate or broadly so,
pals, apex emarginate or rounded. Style subterminal, base thick-
margin sharply incised serrate, apex obtuse; cauline leaves 2 or
ened; stigma slightly dilated. Achenes rugose. Fl. and fr. Jun–
3, shortly petiolate, small; stipules green, ovate or ovate-lan-
Sep.
ceolate, herbaceous, abaxially tomentose and villous, margin
entire, apex acuminate. Inflorescence terminal, 2- or 3-flower- Sunny mountain slopes, valleys, grasslands, flood lands, Gobi
ed. Flowers ca. 2 cm in diam.; pedicel 2–2.5 cm, tomentose and desert sands; 1000–3700 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang [Mongolia].
villous. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, apex acuminate; epicalyx
1a. Stems erect or ascending; radical leaves
segments elliptic-ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, nearly equaling
5-foliolate, segments 5–8 on each side;
sepals, abaxially appressed white sericeous. Petals yellow,
inflorescences many flowered .................. 58a. var. virgata
sometimes purple at base, obcordate, ca. 2 × as long as sepals,
1b. Stems low and spreading, almost on ground,
apex markedly emarginate. Stamens yellow or purple. Style
or ascending; radical leaves 3–5-foliolate,
subterminal, yellow or purple, ca. 2.5 × as long as ovary; stigma
segments 2–4(or 5) on each side;
slightly dilated, capitate. Achenes not seen. Fl. May.
inflorescences few flowered ............... 58b. var. pinnatifida
Forests, thickets, sandy river banks, ditch sides; 3700–4000 m.
58a. Potentilla virgata var. virgata
Xizang [Afghanistan, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan, Sikkim].
密枝委陵菜(原变种) mi zhi wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong)
1a. Petals, stamens, and styles yellow
.......................................................... 57a. var. argyrophylla Potentilla dealbata Bunge.
1b. Petals basally, stamens, and styles Stems erect or ascending. Radical leaves 5-foliolate; seg-
purple ........................................... 57b. var. atrosanguinea ments 5–8 on each side. Inflorescences many flowered. Fl. and
57a. Potentilla argyrophylla var. argyrophylla fr. Jun–Sep.

银光委陵菜(原变种) yin guang wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong) Grasslands, Gobi desert sands; 1500–1700 m. Xinjiang [Mon-
golia].
Petals, stamens, and styles yellow.
58b. Potentilla virgata var. pinnatifida (Lehmann) T. T. Yu &
Forests, thickets, sandy river banks; 3700–4000 m. Xizang [Af- C. L. Li in T. T. Yu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37: 304. 1985.
ghanistan, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan, Sikkim].
羽裂密枝委陵菜 yu lie mi zhi wei ling cai
57b. Potentilla argyrophylla var. atrosanguinea (Loddiges) J.
D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 357. 1878. Potentilla nivea Linnaeus var. pinnatifida Lehmann, Nov.
Stirp. Pug. 9: 67. 1851; P. altaica Bunge.
紫花银光委陵菜 zi hua yin guang wei ling cai
Stems low and spreading, almost on ground, or ascending.
Potentilla atrosanguinea Loddiges, Bot. Cab. 8: t. 786. Radical leaves 3–5-foliolate; segments 2–4(or 5) on each side.
1824. Inflorescences few flowered. Fl. Jun, fr. Sep.
Petals basally, stamens, and styles purple. ● Sunny mountain slopes, valleys, grasslands, flood lands; 1000–
3700 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang.
 ROSACEAE

59. Potentilla angustiloba T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax. Potentilla canescens Besser.
Sin. 18: 11. 1980.
Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete. Flowering stems
窄裂委陵菜 zhai lie wei ling cai erect or ascending, 12–40 cm tall, together with petioles villous,
pubescent, and sparsely tomentose. Radical leaves usually with-
Herbs perennial. Roots terete, upper parts thick, lower
ered after anthesis; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially vil-
parts prolonged, slender. Flowering stems spreading or ascend-
lous; leaf blade palmately 5(–7)-foliolate; leaflets adaxially
ing, 8–30 cm tall, together with petioles sparsely villous or hir-
green, obovate-oblong or obovate-lanceolate, abaxially canes-
tellous. Radical leaves 3–12 cm including petiole; stipules dark
cent tomentose, glabrescent, adaxially appressed pilose, base
brown, membranous, pilose or glabrescent; leaf blade palmately
cuneate, margin coarsely regularly serrate, apex obtuse; cauline
5-foliolate; leaflets obovate-elliptic or oblong-elliptic, abaxially
leaves resembling radical ones but smaller and petiole shorter
densely white tomentose, appressed white villous on veins,
or absent; stipules green, ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, abaxial-
adaxially appressed pilose or glabrescent, margin 2–4-parted to
midvein, apex acute or acuminate; segments fasciated, 0.5–1.5 ly tomentose and villous, margin entire or 1- or 2-serrate.
cm × 0.8–1 mm, apex acute or acuminate; cauline leaves 1–3, Inflorescence corymbose-cymose or paniculate-cymose, laxly
resembling radical ones but petioles becoming shorter higher up many flowered. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–1.5 cm,
stem; stipules green, ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, abaxially sparsely tomentose and villous. Sepals triangular-lanceolate to
densely appressed villous, margin entire or 1- or 2-dentate; leaf- oblong-ovate, apex acute to acuminate; epicalyx segments line-
let margin 3–5-fid. Inflorescence terminal, corymbose-cymose, ar-lanceolate, shorter than or rarely nearly equaling sepals,
3–12-flowered. Flowers 0.8–1 cm in diam.; pedicel 0.5–1 cm, abaxially villous and pubescent, apex acute. Petals yellow,
appressed villous. Sepals triangular-ovate or ovate-oblong, apex ovate, slightly longer than sepals, apex emarginate or subround-
acuminate; epicalyx segments fasciated lanceolate, slightly ed. Style subterminal, base thickened; stigma slightly thickened.
shorter than sepals, abaxially appressed villous, apex acumi- Achenes rugose. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep.
nate. Petals yellow, obovate, nearly equaling or longer than se- Wet places on mountain slopes, flood lands; 1000–1300 m. Xin-
pals, apex emarginate. Stamens ca. 20. Carpels numerous; style jiang [C Asia, C and S Europe].
subterminal, base thickened; stigma slightly dilated. Achenes
not seen. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep. 62. Potentilla coriandrifolia D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 232.
1825.
● Grasslands, valleys, sandy river banks; 2500–3200 m. Gansu,
Qinghai, Xinjiang. 荽叶委陵菜 sui ye wei ling cai
60. Potentilla argentea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 479. 1753. Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete. Rhizome enlarged.
Flowering stems erect or ascending or low and tufted, 4–13 cm
银背委陵菜 yin bei wei ling cai
tall, together with petioles pilose or glabrescent. Radical leaves
Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete. Flowering stems 7–16 cm including petiole; stipules brown, membranous, sub-
erect or ascending, 15–40 cm tall, together with petioles white glabrous; leaf blade pinnate with 2–8 pairs of leaflets; leaflets
tomentose and sparsely villous. Radical leaves 2–10 cm includ- opposite, at intervals of 5–8 mm, subsessile, abaxially densely
ing petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially white pilose appressed villous, or glabrescent and hairy only along midvein,
and pubescent; leaf blade palmately 5-foliolate; leaflets adaxi- adaxially sparsely appressed pilose or later glabrescent, margin
ally green, oblong-obovate, 1–3 × 0.5–1 cm, abaxially densely pectinate to midvein; segments fasciated to fasciated lanceolate,
white tomentose, adaxially appressed pilose, base cuneate, mar- apex acuminate; cauline leaves 1 or 2; stipules green, herba-
gin revolute, proximally entire, distally irregularly 2–5-serrate ceous, abaxially appressed villous, margin dissected into linear
on each side; cauline leaves many, resembling radical ones but segments; leaf blade 2-pinnately dissected into linear segments.
petioles becoming shorter higher up stem, uppermost leaves Inflorescence terminal, 1–3(–5)-flowered. Flowers 0.8–1.5 cm
sessile; stipules green, ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, abaxially in diam.; pedicel 1.5–3 cm, appressed pubescent. Sepals triang-
densely white tomentose, apex acuminate, entire or 2- or 3-den- ular-ovate, apex acute or acuminate; epicalyx segments lanceo-
tate. Inflorescence corymbose-cymose or paniculate-cymose, late, nearly equaling sepals, abaxially appressed pilose, apex
laxly many flowered. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5– acute or acuminate. Petals white and purple-red at base or yel-
2.5 cm, tomentose. Sepals triangular-ovate, apex acute to acu- low throughout, obovate, nearly 1/2 as long as sepals, apex
minate; epicalyx segments oblong-lanceolate, shorter than se- emarginate. Style subterminal, base slightly thickened; stigma
pals, abaxially canescent tomentose and villous, apex acute. dilated. Achenes smooth. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep.
Petals yellow, obovate, slightly longer than sepals, apex emar- Meadows on mountain slopes, rock crevices; 3300–4200 m. Si-
ginate. Style subterminal, base thickened and papillate; stigma chuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim].
dilated. Achenes smooth or slightly rugose. Fl. and fr. May–
1a. Stems erect or ascending; leaflets in
Aug.
5–8 pairs; inflorescence 2- or
Sunny mountain slopes, gravel fields; ca. 1100 m. Xinjiang [Mon- 3(–5)-flowered; petals white,
golia, Russia (Siberia); C Asia, Europe]. purple-red at base .......................... 62a. var. coriandrifolia
61. Potentilla inclinata Villars, Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 3: 567. 1b. Stems low and tufted; leaflets
usually in 2–4 pairs; inflorescence
1788.
1(–3)-flowered; petals yellow
薄毛委陵菜 bo mao wei ling cai throughout, not purple-red at base .......... 62b. var. dumosa
 ROSACEAE

62a. Potentilla coriandrifolia var. coriandrifolia or lobed.

荽叶委陵菜(原变种) sui ye wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong) ● Meadows on mountain slopes; 3300–4000 m. Yunnan.

Stems erect or ascending. Leaflets in 5–8 pairs. Inflores- 63b. Potentilla hypargyrea var. subpinnata T. T. Yu & C. L.
cence 2- or 3(–5)-flowered. Petals white, purple-red at base. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 11. 1980.
Meadows on mountain slopes; 4100–4200 m. Xizang [Bhutan, 假羽白背委陵菜 jia yu bai bei wei ling cai
Nepal, Sikkim].
Radical leaves subpinnate; terminal leaflet pinnately part-
62b. Potentilla coriandrifolia var. dumosa Franchet, Pl. ed.
Delavay. 3: 214. 1890.
● Thickets on grassy slopes, meadows on mountain slopes, rocky
丛生荽叶委陵菜 cong sheng sui ye wei ling cai slopes; 3900–4800 m. Xizang, Yunnan.
Potentilla dumosa (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti; P. dumosa 64. Potentilla granulosa T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax.
subsp. salwinensis Soják; P. dumosa var. stromatodes (Mel- Sin. 18: 11. 1980.
chior) H. R. Fletcher; P. pulvinata (T. T. Yu & C. L. Li) Soják;
腺粒委陵菜 xian li wei ling cai
P. salwinensis (Soják) Soják; P. salwinensis var. latiuscula So-
ják; P. salwinensis var. parviflora Soják; P. stromatodes Mel- Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete. Flowering stems
chior; Sibbaldia pulvinata T. T. Yu & C. L. Li. erect or ascending, 10–20 cm tall, together with petioles pilose,
Stems low and tufted. Leaflets usually in 2–4 pairs. Inflo- pubescent, and glandular hairy. Radical leaves 4–10 cm in-
rescence 1(–3)-flowered. Petals yellow throughout, not purple- cluding petiole; stipules dark brown, membranous, abaxially
red at base. pilose, pubescent, and glandular; leaf blade pinnate with 4–8
pairs of leaflets; leaflets opposite or alternate, at intervals of 3–8
Alpine meadows, rock crevices; 3300–4500 m. Sichuan, Xizang, mm, elliptic, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, usually 1–2 × 0.5–1
Yunnan [Myanmar].
cm, abaxially pubescent and glandular, adaxially pilose and
63. Potentilla hypargyrea Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 514. granular glandular, base ± decurrent and adnate to rachis in
1933. apical 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets, margin pinnately parted nearly to
midvein; segments fasciated, apex obtuse; cauline leaves re-
白背委陵菜 bai bei wei ling cai
sembling radical ones but leaflets reduced to 2 pairs in upper
Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete. Rhizomes often en- leaves; stipules green, herbaceous, abaxially pilose and glan-
larged. Flowering stems tufted, ascending, 5–16 cm tall, re- dular, margin entire or 1- or 2-fid, apex acuminate. Inflores-
cumbent white villous. Radical leaves 6–10 cm including peti- cence laxly corymbose-cymose. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm in diam.;
ole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially white pilose, apex pedicel 1–3.5 cm, pubescent and glandular. Sepals triangular-
acuminate; petiole villous; leaf blade 3-foliolate or subpinnate; ovate, apex acute; epicalyx segments elliptic-lanceolate, shorter
terminal leaflet shortly petiolulate, lateral ones sessile or sub- than or nearly equaling sepals, pilose and granular glandular,
sessile, all leaflets orbicular to ovate, 1–3 cm, abaxially sparsely apex obtuse or acute. Petals yellow, broadly obovate, 0.5–1 × as
white villous, adaxially densely white sericeous, margin irreg- long as sepals, apex emarginate. Stamens ca. 20. Carpels nu-
ularly parted or lobed, or pinnately parted, usually 2-parted on merous; style thickened at base; stigma dilated. Achenes not
lateral leaflets; segments acute at apex; cauline leaves 1 or 2; seen. Fl. and fr. Jul–Aug.
stipules herbaceous, abaxially white sericeous, margin parted
into acuminate segments; leaflet margin parted into linear-lan- ● Alpine meadows; 3400–4200 m. Sichuan, Xizang.
ceolate, acuminate segments. Inflorescence cymose, (1 or)2- or This species is used medicinally.
3-flowered. Flowers 0.6–1.3 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–3 cm,
villous. Sepals triangular-ovate, apex acute; epicalyx segments 65. Potentilla tanacetifolia Willdenow ex Schlechtendal, Ges.
lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, shorter than or nearly equaling Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten
sepals, abaxially densely appressed villous, apex acute. Petals Naturk. 7: 286. 1816.
yellow, obovate, nearly 1/2 as long as sepals, apex emarginate. 菊叶委陵菜 ju ye wei ling cai
Style subterminal, base slightly thickened; stigma not dilated.
Achenes smooth. Fl. and fr. Aug–Sep. Potentilla acervata Soják; P. filipendula Willdenow ex
Schlechtendal; P. nudicaulis Willdenow ex Schlechtendal; P.
● Thickets on grassy slopes, meadows on mountain slopes, rocky
strigosa Pallas var. conferta Kitagawa; P. tanacetifolia f. de-
slopes; 3300–4800 m. Xizang, Yunnan.
cumbens Krylov; P. tanacetifolia var. decumbens (Krylov) Th.
1a. Radical leaves 3-foliolate, central leaflet Wolf; P. tanacetifolia f. erecta Krylov; P. tanacetifolia var.
irregularly parted or lobed ................ 63a. var. hypargyrea erecta (Krylov) Th. Wolf.
1b. Radical leaves subpinnate, terminal
leaflet pinnately parted ....................... 63b. var. subpinnata Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete. Flowering stems
erect or ascending, 15–65 cm tall, together with petioles villous,
63a. Potentilla hypargyrea var. hypargyrea pubescent, or floccose and sparsely glandular with hairs some-
times deciduous. Radical leaves 5–20 cm including petiole;
白背委陵菜(原变种) bai bei wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong)
stipules brown, membranous, abaxially pilose; leaf blade pin-
Radical leaves 3-foliolate; central leaflet irregularly parted nate with 5–8 pairs of leaflets; leaflets alternate or opposite, at
 ROSACEAE

intervals of 3–10 mm, terminal one shortly petiolulate or ses- 条裂委陵菜 tiao lie wei ling cai
sile, all leaflets oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or narrowly oblong-
Potentilla lancinata var. minor H. R. Fletcher; P. rhytido-
obovate, 1–5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, abaxially pubescent, appressed
pilose on veins, or sparsely glandular hairy, adaxially appressed carpa Cardot.
pilose, villous, or glabrescent, base cuneate, decurrent and ad- Herbs perennial. Roots terete. Flowering stems erect or
nate to rachis in apical 1–3 pairs of leaflets, margin incised ascending, 15–55 cm tall, together with petioles pubescent and
serrate, apex obtuse; cauline leaves resembling radical ones but pilose. Radical leaves 6–15 cm including petiole; stipules brown,
with fewer leaflets; stipules green, leathery, abaxially pubescent membranous, abaxially pilose; leaf blade pinnate, rarely in-
or villous, margin deeply lacerate. Inflorescence corymbose- terrupted pinnate, with 2–4 pairs of leaflets; leaflets usually
cymose, many flowered. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam.; pedicel opposite, at intervals of 1–2 cm, sessile or subsessile, elliptic or
0.5–2 cm, pubescent. Sepals triangular-ovate, apex acute or oblong-elliptic, 1–4 × 0.5–2 cm, abaxially pubescent, villous on
acuminate; epicalyx segments lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, veins, adaxially appressed pilose, base cuneate or broadly so,
shorter than or nearly equaling sepals, abaxially pubescent and margin coarsely acutely or obtusely incised serrate, apex obtuse
glandular hairy, apex obtuse or acute. Petals yellow, obovate, or acute; cauline leaves: stipules green, large, herbaceous, abax-
nearly 2 × as long as sepals, apex emarginate. Style subtermi- ially densely pubescent or villous, margin 2- or 3-incised part-
nal, conic; stigma slightly dilated. Achenes ovoid, ca. 2.5 mm, ed, rarely entire; leaf blade 3-foliolate or pinnate with 2 pairs of
rugose. Fl. and fr. May–Oct. leaflets; leaflets resembling those of radical leaves. Inflores-
Forest margins, grasslands, meadows on mountain slopes, loess cence laxly cymose. Flowers ca. 2 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–2 cm,
plateau lands, low-lying and sandy lands, gravels; 400–2600 m. Gansu, pubescent, proximally with ovate bract. Sepals triangular-ovate,
Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, apex acute; epicalyx segments elliptic, nearly equaling sepals,
Shanxi [Mongolia, Russia (Siberia)].
abaxially pubescent and pilose. Petals yellow, obovate or ob-
This species is used medicinally. cordate, ca. 2 × as long as sepals, apex emarginate. Style ter-
minal, base thickened; stigma minute, not dilated. Achenes yel-
66. Potentilla longifolia Willdenow ex Schlechtendal, Ges.
low-brown, ovoid, rugose. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep.
Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten
Naturk. 7: 287. 1816. ● Forest margins, meadows on mountain slopes, stream sides,
rocks; 3200–4100 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
腺毛委陵菜 xian mao wei ling cai
68. Potentilla crenulata T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax.
Potentilla viscosa Donn ex Lehmann; P. viscosa var. Sin. 18: 12. 1980.
macrophylla Komarov.
圆齿委陵菜 yuan chi wei ling cai
Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete. Flowering stems
erect or slightly ascending, 30–90 cm tall, together with petioles Herbs perennial. Roots terete. Flowering stems ascending,
villous, pubescent, and glandular. Radical leaves 10–30 cm in- ca. 15 cm tall, together with petioles spreading villous and pu-
cluding petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially pubes- bescent. Radical leaves 3–5 cm including petiole; stipules
cent and villous; leaf blade pinnate with 4 or 5 pairs of leaflets; brown, membranous, abaxially villous; leaf blade pinnate with
leaflets opposite, rarely alternate, sessile, oblong-lanceolate or 2 pairs of leaflets; leaflets opposite, at intervals of 5–8 mm,
oblanceolate, 1.5–8 × 0.5–2.5 cm, abaxially pubescent and sessile, obovate or oblong, apical 3 large, abaxially densely
glandular, pilose on veins, adaxially pilose or glabrescent, base spreading white villous, adaxially appressed pilose, base cu-
decurrent and adnate to rachis in apical 1–3 pairs of leaflets, neate, margin obtusely serrulate, apex obtuse; cauline leaves:
margin incised serrate, apex obtuse or acute; cauline leaves stipules green, herbaceous, abaxially densely pubescent and vil-
resembling radical ones; stipules green, herbaceous, abaxially lous, margin entire or 2- or 3-serrate; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaf-
pubescent or villous, margin entire or parted. Inflorescence ter- lets resembling apical 3 of radical leaves. Inflorescence laxly
minal, corymbose, congested, few flowered. Flowers 1.5–1.8 cymose. Flowers 1–1.6 cm in diam.; pedicel 0.5–1.5 cm, dense-
cm in diam.; pedicel short. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, apex ly pubescent. Sepals triangular-ovate, apex acute to acuminate;
usually acuminate; epicalyx segments oblong-lanceolate, short- epicalyx segments elliptic, shorter than sepals, abaxially villous
er than or nearly equaling sepals, abaxially densely pubescent and pubescent, apex obtuse or acute. Petals yellow, obovate,
and glandular, apex obtuse or acuminate. Petals erect and en- nearly 2 × as long as sepals, apex emarginate. Stamens ca. 20.
larged in fruit, broadly obovate, nearly equaling sepals, apex Style subterminal, base thickened; stigma not dilated. Achenes
emarginate. Style subterminal, conic, base thickened, markedly not seen.
papillate; stigma not dilated. Achenes subreniform or ovoid, ca. ● Meadows, sandy mountain slopes; ca. 2800 m. Yunnan.
1 mm, smooth. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep.
69. Potentilla kleiniana Wight & Arnott, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient.
Sparse forests, forest margins, alpine thickets, meadows on moun- 300. 1834.
tain slopes; 300–3200 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning,
Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang [Korea, 蛇含委陵菜 she han wei ling cai
Mongolia, Russia].
Potentilla anemonifolia Lehmann; P. bodinieri H. Lé-
This species is used medicinally. veillé.
67. Potentilla lancinata Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 236. Herbs annual, biennial, or perennial. Flowering stems
1916. prostrate or ascending, 10–50 cm tall, together with petioles
 ROSACEAE

pilose or spreading villous, usually rooting at nodes and devel- sphere and subtropical regions].
oping new plants. Radical leaves 3–20 cm including petiole; 1a. Flowering stems horizontally spreading,
stipules tinged brown, membranous, abaxially pilose or glabre- ascending, or erect; radical leaf blade
scent; leaf blade subpedately 5-foliolate; leaflets subsessile or
pinnate with 2–5 pairs leaflets, leaflets
shortly petiolulate, both surfaces green, obovate or oblong-obo-
sessile with base decurrent and adnate
vate, 0.5–4 × 0.4–2 cm, both surfaces pilose, abaxially densely
to rachis in apical 1 or 2 pairs, margin
appressed villous on veins, adaxially sometimes glabrescent,
obtusely serrate or incised serrate ............. 70a. var. supina
base cuneate, margin acutely or obtusely many serrate, apex
1b. Flowering stems low and spreading or
obtuse; lower cauline leaves 5-foliolate, upper ones 3-foliolate;
slightly ascending, rarely erect; radical
stipules green, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, abaxially
leaf blade 3-foliolate, central leaflet
sparsely villous, margin entire, rarely acutely or acuminately 1-
shortly petiolulate or subsessile,
or 2-serrate; petiole gradually shorter higher up stem; leaflets
margin often 2- or 3-parted ...................... 70b. var. ternata
resembling those of radical leaves. Inflorescence terminal, cy-
mose, congested, pseudoumbellate. Flowers 0.8–1 cm in diam.; 70a. Potentilla supina var. supina
pedicel 1–1.5 cm, densely spreading villous, bracteate. Sepals
triangular-ovate, apex acute or acuminate; epicalyx segments 朝天委陵菜(原变种) chao tian wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong)
lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, shorter than sepals at anthesis, Potentilla fauriei H. Léveillé; P. paradoxa Nuttall ex
nearly equaling or slightly longer than sepals in fruit, abaxially Torrey & A. Gray; P. supina var. egibbosa Th. Wolf; P. supina
pilose, apex acute or acuminate. Petals yellow, obovate, longer subsp. paradoxa (Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray) Soják; P.
than sepals, apex emarginate. Style subterminal, conic, base supina var. paradoxa (Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray) Th. Wolf.
thickened; stigma dilated. Achenes subglobose, flattened on 1
side, ca. 0.5 mm in diam., rugose. Fl. and fr. Apr–Sep. Flowering stems horizontally spreading, ascending, or
erect. Radical leaf blade pinnate with 2–5 pairs leaflets; leaflets
Meadows, grasslands on mountain slopes, field margins; 400–
3000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, sessile with base decurrent and adnate to rachis in apical 1 or 2
Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Xi- pairs, margin obtusely serrate or incised serrate.
zang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Ma- Meadows, wet places on mountain slopes, sandy river banks, field
laysia, Nepal, Sikkim]. margins; 100–2000 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hebei,
This species is used medicinally. Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning,
Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang,
70. Potentilla supina Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 497. 1753. Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [widespread in N hemisphere and subtropi-
cal regions].
朝天委陵菜 chao tian wei ling cai
70b. Potentilla supina var. ternata Petermann, Anal. Pfl.-
Herbs annual or biennial. Roots slender, with sparse lateral
Schlüss. 125. 1846.
rootlets. Flowering stems spreading, ascending, or erect, dichot-
omously branched, 20–50 cm tall, together with petioles pilose 三叶朝天委陵菜 san ye chao tian wei ling cai
or glabrescent. Radical leaves 4–15 cm including petiole; stip-
Potentilla amurensis Maximowicz; P. supina var. cam-
ules brown, membranous, abaxially pilose or glabrescent; leaf
pestris Cardot.
blade 3-foliolate or pinnate with 2–5 pairs of leaflets; leaflets
alternate or opposite, sessile, or terminal leaflet shortly petiolu- Flowering stems low and spreading or slightly ascending,
late or subsessile, both surfaces green, oblong or obovate-ob- rarely erect. Radical leaf blade 3-foliolate; central leaflet shortly
long, 1–2.5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, both surfaces pilose or glabrescent, petiolulate or subsessile, margin often 2- or 3-parted.
base cuneate or broadly so, often decurrent and adnate to rachis Sandy river banks, field margins, saline deserts; 100–1900 m. An-
in apical 1 or 2 pairs of leaflets, margin obtusely serrate, incised hui, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu,
serrate, or 2- or 3-parted, apex obtuse or acute; cauline leaves Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhe-
resembling radical ones but pairs of leaflets fewer higher up jiang [Russia (Far East)].
stem; stipules green, herbaceous, margin entire, serrate, or part-
ed. Inflorescence terminal, corymbose-cymose, with axillary 71. Potentilla centigrana Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci.
flowers on lower part of flowering stem. Flowers 6–8 mm in Saint-Pétersbourg 18: 163. 1874.
diam.; pedicel 0.8–1.5 cm, densely pubescent. Sepals triangu- 蛇莓委陵菜 she mei wei ling cai
lar-ovate, apex acute; epicalyx segments oblong-elliptic or el-
liptic-lanceolate, nearly equaling or slightly longer than sepals, Herbs annual or biennial. Rootlets numerous, fibrous.
apex acute. Petals yellow, obovate, slightly shorter than sepals, Flowering stems prostrate, ascending, or suberect, 20–50 cm
apex emarginate. Style subterminal, base thickened, papillate; tall, together with petioles glabrous or pilose, sometimes with
stigma dilated. Achenes cylindric, rugose, apex acute. Fl. and adventitious roots at nodes in lower part. Radical leaves usually
fr. Mar–Oct. withered at anthesis; stipules brown, membranous, glabrous or
Meadows, wet places on mountain slopes, sandy river banks, field
pilose; leaf blade 3-foliolate; cauline leaves: stipules pale green,
margins, saline deserts; 100–2000 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Gui- ovate, margin usually serrate, rarely entire; petiole long; leaf
zhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, blade 3-foliolate; leaflets shortly petiolulate or subsessile, both
Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Si- surfaces green, elliptic or obovate, 0.5–1.5 × 0.4–1.5 cm, both
chuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [widespread in N hemi- surfaces glabrous or pilose, base cuneate to rounded, margin
 ROSACEAE

obtusely or acutely incised serrate, apex rounded. Flowers soli- leaflets subsessile or shortly petiolulate, obovate, 1–2.5 × 0.7–
tary, opposite leaves in lower part of flowering stem, axillary in 1.5 cm, abaxially setose, pubescent, and sessile glandular,
upper part, 4–8 mm in diam.; pedicel slender, 0.5–2 cm, gla- adaxially setose, base cuneate, margin acutely incised serrate,
brous or subglabrous. Sepals broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, occasionally doubly serrate, apex obtuse; cauline leaves 1 or 2,
apex acute or acuminate; epicalyx segments lanceolate, shorter resembling radical ones; stipules herbaceous, abaxially setose,
than or nearly equaling sepals, apex acuminate. Petals tinged pubescent, and glandular. Inflorescence terminal, corymbose-
yellow, obovate, shorter than sepals, apex emarginate or round- cymose, few flowered. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–1.5
ed. Style subterminal, base thickened; stigma not dilated. cm, villous and glandular hairy. Sepals triangular-ovate, apex
Achenes obovoid, ca. 1 mm in diam., smooth. Fl. and fr. Apr– acuminate; epicalyx segments lanceolate, abaxially setose, mar-
Aug. gin serrate, apex acuminate. Petals yellow, obcordate, nearly
equaling or longer than sepals, apex emarginate. Style subter-
Damp forests, forest margins, fields; 400–2300 m. Guizhou, Hei-
longjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Ja-
minal, base thickened; stigma dilated. Achenes subreniform, ru-
pan, Korea, Russia]. gose. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep.

72. Potentilla cryptotaeniae Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Forest margins, meadows, gravels. Heilongjiang [E Russia].
Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 18: 162. 1874. 74. Potentilla macrosepala Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 239.
狼牙委陵菜 lang ya wei ling cai 1916.

Potentilla aegopodiifolia H. Léveillé; P. cryptotaeniae 大花委陵菜 da hua wei ling cai

var. obovata Th. Wolf; P. cryptotaeniae var. obtusata Th. Potentilla concolor (Franchet) Rolfe (1908), not Zimmer-
Wolf. mann (1887); P. griffithii J. D. Hooker var. concolor Franchet.
Herbs annual or biennial. Roots fibrous. Flowering stems Herbs perennial. Roots terete, with fibrous rootlets. Flow-
erect or ascending, 50–100 cm tall, hirsute, villous, or glabre- ering stems erect or ascending, 15–55 cm tall, pubescent and
scent. Radical leaves withered at anthesis; stipules brown, sparsely villous. Radical leaves 6–25 cm including petiole;
membranous, abaxially densely villous; leaf blade 3-foliolate; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially pilose or glabrescent;
cauline leaves: stipules green, lanceolate, usually adnate to peti- petiole pubescent and pilose; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets ses-
ole with adnate part 1–3 × as long as free part, herbaceous, mar- sile or shortly petiolulate, elliptic, ovate, or obovate, abaxially
gin entire, apex acuminate; petiole spreading villous and pu- pubescent, pilose on veins, adaxially appressed pilose, base
bescent, sometimes glabrescent; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets rounded or broadly cuneate, margin coarsely obtusely many
green on both surfaces, oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 2–6 × 1–2.5 serrate, apex obtuse, rarely acute; cauline leaves petiolate, be-
cm, usually widest at middle, both surfaces pilose, sometimes coming sessile higher up stem; stipules green, herbaceous,
glabrescent, abaxially hairs denser and spreading on veins, base abaxially pilose, margin 2–4-serrate; leaflets resembling those
cuneate, margin acutely many serrate, apex acuminate or cau- of radical leaves. Inflorescence corymbose-cymose, laxly few
date-acuminate. Inflorescence terminal, corymbose-cymose, flowered. Flowers 2.5–4 cm in diam.; pedicel 2–3 cm, pubes-
many flowered. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam.; pedicel slender, 1–2 cent. Sepals triangular-ovate or oblong-ovate, apex acute, rarely
cm, villous or pubescent. Sepals oblong-ovate, apex acute or acuminate; epicalyx segments elliptic or oblong-elliptic, nearly
acuminate; epicalyx segments lanceolate, nearly equaling sepals equaling or longer than sepals, margin entire or sometimes
at anthesis, longer than sepals in fruit, abaxially pilose, apex parted, apex obtuse or acute. Petals yellow, obcordate, apex
acuminate. Petals yellow, obovate, nearly equaling or longer emarginate. Style terminal, base markedly thickened; stigma
than sepals, apex rounded or emarginate. Style subterminal, dilated. Achenes rugose. Fl. and fr. Jul–Dec.
base slightly thickened; stigma slightly dilated. Achenes ovoid, ● Meadows on mountain slopes; 3200–4100 m. Xizang, Yunnan.
smooth. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep.
75. Potentilla xizangensis T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax.
Forest margins, grasslands, meadows, valleys, ravines; 1000–2500 Sin. 18: 12. 1980.
m. Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan [Japan, Ko-
rea, Russia (Far East)]. 西藏委陵菜 xi zang wei ling cai

Potentilla cryptotaeniae var. radicans T. T. Yu & C. L. Li was Herbs perennial. Roots thinly terete, with fibrous rootlets.
described in FRPS (p. 319), but the name is invalid because no Latin Flowering stems erect, ascending, or spreading, 6–35 cm tall,
description or diagnosis was provided (St. Louis Code, Art. 36.1). sparsely pubescent or glabrescent. Radical leaves 4–8 cm in-
cluding petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially sparse-
73. Potentilla asperrima Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Natur- ly pubescent; leaf blade 3-foliolate; petiole pilose and glandular
alistes Moscou 16: 609. 1843. hairy, or glabrescent; leaflets sessile or shortly petiolulate,
刚毛委陵菜 gang mao wei ling cai green on both surfaces, obovate, broadly elliptic, or flabellate,
both surfaces sparsely pubescent or glabrescent, base broadly
Herbs perennial. Roots terete. Flowering stems erect or cuneate, margin crenate, apex obtuse; cauline leaves 3 or 4,
ascending, 8–13 cm tall, together with petioles setose, sparsely resembling radical ones; stipules green, ovate, herbaceous,
pubescent, and stipitate or sessile glandular. Radical leaves 4–9 abaxially pubescent and glandular hairy, margin entire, apex
cm including petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially obtuse or acute. Inflorescence terminal, compact, congested, 3–
setose, pubescent, and sparsely glandular; leaf blade 3-foliolate; 5-flowered, laxly cymose after anthesis. Flowers 1–1.2 cm in
 ROSACEAE

diam.; pedicel 1–2 cm, pubescent. Sepals ovate, apex acute; River valleys, dry mountain slopes; 1000–1200 m. Xinjiang [C
epicalyx segments elliptic, shorter than or nearly equaling se- and SW Asia, Europe].
pals, apex obtuse. Petals obovate, apex emarginate. Stamens ca. 78. Potentilla desertorum Bunge in Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 2:
20, sometimes 12 or 13. Style subterminal, conic, base mark- 267. 1830.
edly thickened and papillate; stigma slightly dilated. Achenes
not seen. Fl. Jun–Jul. 荒漠委陵菜 huang mo wei ling cai
● Thickets, bamboo stands, valleys, meadows on mountain slopes; Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete. Flowering stems
3600–4800 m. Xizang (Kata He, Nyalam Xian). erect or ascending, 20–50 cm tall, together with petioles pu-
bescent, villous, and stipitate or sessile red glandular. Radical
76. Potentilla chrysantha Treviranus, Index Seminum Hort.
leaves 8–20 cm including petiole; stipules dark brown to pur-
Vratislav. 1818: 5. 1818.
ple, membranous, abaxially densely pubescent, villous, and
黄花委陵菜 huang hua wei ling cai stipitate or sessile red glandular; leaf blade palmately or sub-
pedately 5-foliolate; leaflets sessile or shortly petiolulate, obo-
Potentilla asiatica (Th. Wolf) Juzepczuk; P. chrysantha
vate-cuneate or obovate, abaxially pubescent, villous, and stipi-
var. asiatica Th. Wolf.
tate or sessile red glandular, adaxially pilose or glabrescent,
Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete. Flowering stems margin coarsely obtusely many serrate; cauline leaves: stipules
erect or ascending, 15–55 cm tall, together with petioles herbaceous, abaxially densely pubescent and glandular, margin
spreading or appressed pilose or glabrescent. Radical leaves 5– entire or 2-parted, apex acuminate; leaf blade 5-foliolate, upper-
20 cm including petiole; stipules brown, membranous, villous most ones 3-foliolate; leaflets resembling those of radical
or glabrescent; leaf blade pinnate with 2 pairs of leaflets; leaf- leaves, shortly petiolulate. Inflorescence terminal, corymbose-
lets sessile or subsessile, green on both surfaces, obovate-ob- cymose. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–2 cm, pubescent,
long, usually 1.5–7 × 1–3 cm, both surfaces appressed or sub- villous, and stipitate or sessile glandular. Sepals ovate-lanceo-
spreading pilose, or abaxially sometimes villous on veins, base late or ovate-oblong, apex acute or acuminate; epicalyx seg-
cuneate, margin acutely serrate, apex obtuse or acute; cauline ments erect after flowering, lanceolate, nearly equaling sepals,
leaves: stipules herbaceous, abaxially villous, margin entire, abaxially pubescent, villous, and stipitate or sessile glandular,
apex acuminate; lower leaf blades 3-foliolate, upper ones 5-fo- apex acuminate, usually 2-fid. Petals yellow, obovate, apex
liolate; leaflets resembling those of radical leaves. Inflorescence emarginate. Style subterminal, base markedly thickened; stigma
corymbose-cymose, laxly many flowered. Flowers 1.2–1.5 cm dilated. Achenes smooth or inconspicuously rugose. Fl. and fr.
in diam.; pedicel 1–2 cm, densely pubescent. Sepals long tri- Jun–Aug.
angular-ovate, apex acute or acuminate; epicalyx segments
Ravines, river banks; ca. 1700 m. Xinjiang [India, Mongolia, Rus-
lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, slightly shorter than sepals, sia].
abaxially pubescent and pilose, apex acute or acuminate. Petals
obovate, 0.5–1 × as long as sepals, apex emarginate. Style 79. Potentilla subdigitata T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax.
slightly thickened at base; stigma dilated. Achenes smooth or Sin. 18: 12. 1980.
obscurely rugose. Fl. and fr. May–Aug. 混叶委陵菜 hun ye wei ling cai
Forest margins, meadows, river valleys, ditch banks; 1000–2200 Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete, usually woody.
m. Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia; E Europe].
Flowering stems erect or ascending, together with petioles pu-
77. Potentilla recta Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 497. 1753. bescent, sparsely villous, and sessile glandular. Radical leaves
4–12 cm including petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxi-
直立委陵菜 zhi li wei ling cai
ally densely sessile glandular, pubescent, and pilose; leaf blade
Herbs perennial. Roots terete. Flowering stems erect, 30– 3-foliolate or pedately (rarely subpinnately) 5-foliolate; central
40 cm tall, together with petioles white villous, rarely glabre- 3 leaflets shortly petiolulate, the lateral two (if present) ses-
scent. Radical leaves usually withered at anthesis; stipules sile, all leaflets obovate-cuneate or obovate, both surfaces
tinged brown, membranous, margin white villous; leaf blade densely spreading pubescent and sessile glandular, abaxially
palmately 5-foliolate; cauline leaves: stipules green, herbace- more densely so on veins, base cuneate, margin markedly re-
ous, abaxially appressed villous, margin entire, apex acuminate; volute, obtusely serrate proximally, apex truncate or obtuse;
petiole gradually shorter higher up stem, almost absent on cauline leaves: stipules ovate-elliptic, herbaceous, margin en-
uppermost leaves; leaf blade 5–7-foliolate; leaflets obovate-lan- tire, apex obtuse or 2- or 3-serrate; petiole gradually shorter
ceolate, 2–5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, abaxially white villous, more dense- higher up stem; leaf blade 3- or 5-foliolate; leaflets resembling
ly so on veins, adaxially appressed white villous or glabrescent, those of radical leaves. Inflorescence corymbose-cymose, laxly
base cuneate, margin acutely or obtusely incised serrate, apex few flowered. Flowers 1.2–1.5 cm in diam.; pedicel slender, 2–
obtuse. Inflorescence terminal, compact, corymbose-cymose. 2.5 cm, densely pubescent and sessile glandular. Sepals triangu-
Flowers ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 0.5–1 cm, white villous lar-lanceolate, apex acuminate; epicalyx segments lanceolate or
and white pubescent. Sepals ovate-oblong, apex acuminate; epi- elliptic-lanceolate, slightly shorter than sepals, apex acute. Pet-
calyx segments lanceolate, nearly equaling sepals, abaxially als yellow, obovate, ca. 1/2 as long as sepals, apex rounded.
white villous, apex acuminate. Petals yellow, obovate-elliptic, Style markedly thickened at base; stigma dilated. Achenes
nearly equaling sepals, apex emarginate or subrounded. Style slightly rugose. Fl. and fr. Jul–Aug.
slightly thickened at base; stigma not dilated. Achenes rugose. ● Sunny slopes at Pinus forest margins, dry gravelly slopes;
Fl. and fr. Jul–Aug. 2000–2500 m. Xinjiang.
 ROSACEAE

6. Potentilla sect. Potentilla

钉状花柱组 ding zhuang hua zhu zu
Herbs perennial. Basal leaves palmate or 3-foliolate, rarely pinnate. Ovary glabrous; style subterminal, clavate, tapered toward
base, thickened at apex.
About 20 species: mainly temperate and subarctic regions of N hemisphere; nine species (two endemic) in China.

1a. Flowering stems erect or ascending.

2a. Leaves pinnate with 2 or 3(or 4) pairs of leaflets ............................................................................................ 82. P. fragarioides
2b. Leaves 3-foliolate.
3a. Plants stellate hairy throughout ......................................................................................................................... 81. P. acaulis
3b. Plants pilose or glabrescent throughout, not stellate hairy.
4a. Leaflets abaxially pilose or glabrescent; flowers 1–2 cm in diam.; epicalyx segments oblong, apex
rounded; anthers basifixed, subglobose or ovoid, minute ........................................................................... 80. P. gelida
4b. Leaflets abaxially spreading strigose or densely hairy; flowers 0.8–1 cm in diam.; epicalyx
segments lanceolate, apex acuminate; anthers dorsifixed, ellipsoid, larger .......................................... 83. P. freyniana
1b. Flowering stems prostrate or horizontally creeping.
5a. Leaves palmately 5-foliolate.
6a. Flowers 1.5–2.2 cm in diam.; epicalyx segments usually broad, enlarged and leaflike after anthesis, apex
obtuse or acute; leaflets obovate-oblong, margin regularly obtusely or rarely acutely serrate ....................... 85. P. reptans
6b. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam.; epicalyx segments narrow, not enlarged after anthesis, apex acuminate,
rarely acute; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, margin irregularly acutely or acuminately serrate ...................... 87. P. flagellaris
5b. Leaves 3-foliolate.
7a. Lateral leaflets 2-lobed or 2-parted ................................................................................................................... 85. P. reptans
7b. Leaflets neither lobed nor parted.
8a. Plants not stoloniferous, but flowering stems sometimes prostrate ........................................... 88. P. pseudosimulatrix
8b. Plants stoloniferous; stolons curved and zigzagged or not, with adventitious roots at nodes
or only at base.
9a. Inflorescence terminal, 6–8-flowered; leaflets rhombic-ovate, rhombic-obovate, or broadly
elliptic, margin sharply serrate (teeth fasciated ovate) or doubly serrate; stolons curved and
zigzagged; flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam. ............................................................................................. 84. P. rosulifera
9b. Inflorescence axillary, a solitary flower; leaflets obovate or elliptic, margin regularly acutely
or obtusely serrate; stolons neither curved nor zigzagged; flowers 0.7–1 cm in diam. ................. 86. P. simulatrix
80. Potentilla gelida C. A. Meyer, Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. 167. Marshes, valley grasslands, alpine meadows, rock crevices; 2200–
1831. 4800 m. Xinjiang [N Asia to Himalayas; Europe].

耐寒委陵菜 nai han wei ling cai 1a. Flowering stems erect or ascending, together
with petioles and abaxial surface of leaflets
Herbs perennial. Roots terete, slender; rootlets usually pilose and sessile glandular, rarely
fibrous. Flowering stems erect, ascending, or spreading, 6–30 glabrescent; leaflets adaxially pilose
cm tall, together with petioles pilose and sessile glandular, or or glabrescent .............................................. 80a. var. gelida
sericeous, rarely glabrescent. Radical leaves 25–70 cm includ- 1b. Flowering stems spreading, together with
ing petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially villous or petioles, both surfaces of leaflets, and
glabrescent; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets shortly petiolulate or sepals sericeous ........................................ 80b. var. sericea
subsessile, obovate, elliptic, or ovate-elliptic, 0.8–2 × 0.6–1.5
80a. Potentilla gelida var. gelida
cm, abaxially pilose and sessile glandular, or sericeous, adax-
ially pilose, sericeous, or glabrescent, base cuneate or broadly 耐寒委陵菜(原变种) nai han wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong)
so, margin acutely or obtusely 3–5-serrate on each side but en- Potentilla fragiformis Willdenow ex Schlechtendal var.
tire near base, apex obtuse; cauline leaves 1 or 2; stipules green, gelida (C. A. Meyer) Trautvetter.
ovate, herbaceous, abaxially pilose and glandular, margin en-
tire, apex obtuse or acuminate; petiole very short; leaflets re- Flowering stems erect or ascending, together with petioles
sembling those of radical leaves. Inflorescence laxly cymose, and abaxial surface of leaflets pilose and sessile glandular,
3–5-flowered. Flowers 1–2 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–2.5 cm, pi- rarely glabrescent. Leaflets adaxially pilose or glabrescent. Fl.
lose. Sepals triangular-ovate, sometimes sericeous, apex acute; and fr. Jun–Aug.
epicalyx segments oblong-elliptic, slightly shorter than sepals, Marshes, valley grasslands, rock crevices; 2200–4800 m. Xinjiang
apex obtuse. Petals yellow, obovate, 0.5–1 × as long as sepals, [N Asia to Himalayas; Europe].
apex emarginate. Style subterminal, thin at base, thickened dis- One of us (Ohba) believes that Potentilla morrisonensis Hayata
tally; stigma dilated. Mature achenes rugose. Fl. and fr. Jun– (Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 96. 1913), described from Taiwan, may be syn-
Aug. onymous with this variety.
 ROSACEAE

80b. Potentilla gelida var. sericea T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta rescence terminal, laxly corymbose-cymose, many flowered.
Phytotax. Sin. 18: 13. 1980. Flowers 1–1.7 cm in diam.; pedicel slender, 1.5–2 cm, pilose.
Sepals triangular-ovate, apex acute to acuminate; epicalyx seg-
绢毛耐寒委陵菜 juan mao nai han wei ling cai
ments oblong-lanceolate, slightly shorter than sepals, apex
Flowering stems spreading, together with petioles, both acute. Petals yellow, obovate, apex rounded or emarginate.
surfaces of leaflets, and sepals sericeous. Fl. Jun. Style subterminal, thin at base, thickened distally. Mature
achenes subreniform, ca. 1 mm in diam., rugose. Fl. Apr–Jun,
● Alpine meadows; ca. 3200 m. Xinjiang. fr. Jun–Aug.
81. Potentilla acaulis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 500. 1753. Thinned forests, thickets, meadows, ditches, field banks; 300–
星毛委陵菜 xing mao wei ling cai 2400 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan,
Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shan-
Potentilla subacaulis Linnaeus. xi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Si-
beria)].
Herbs perennial, grayish green. Roots terete, much branch-
ed. Flowering stems tufted, 2–15 cm tall, together with petioles 83. Potentilla freyniana Bornmüller, Mitth. Thüring. Bot.
densely stellate hairy and spreading hirtellous. Radical leaves Vereins 20: 12. 1904.
15–70 cm including petiole; stipules tinged brown, membra- 三叶委陵菜 san ye wei ling cai
nous, stellate hairy and spreading hirtellous; leaf blade 3-folio-
late; leaflets usually shortly petiolulate or subsessile, grayish Herbs perennial, with slender or inconspicuous stolons.
green on both surfaces, obovate-elliptic or rhombic-obovate, Roots much branched, tufted. Flowering stems slender, erect or
0.8–3 × 0.4–1.5 cm, both surfaces densely stellate hairy and ascending, 8–25 cm tall, together with petioles spreading pilose
spreading hirtellous, abaxially more densely so on veins, base or densely spreading villous. Radical leaves 4–30 × 1–4 cm
cuneate, margin obtusely 4–6-serrate on each side, apex obtuse; including petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially
cauline leaves 1–3; stipules grayish green, linear or linear-lan- sparsely villous; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets green on both
ceolate, herbaceous, abaxially stellate hairy; petiole very short; surfaces, oblong, elliptic, ovate, broadly ovate, or rhombic-
leaflets resembling those of radical leaves. Inflorescence termi- ovate, both surfaces appressed to spreading pilose, abaxially
nal, cymose, 1–5-flowered. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; pedicel more densely so on veins, base cuneate or broadly so, margin
1–2 cm, densely stellate hairy and pilose. Sepals triangular- acutely many serrate or obtusely crenate, apex obtuse or acute;
ovate, apex acute; epicalyx segments elliptic, abaxially densely cauline leaves 1 or 2; stipules green, herbaceous, sparsely vil-
stellate hairy and pilose, apex obtuse, rarely 2-fid. Petals yel- lous, apex acutely incised serrate, entire, or very rarely 2-fid;
low, obovate, about 2 × as long as sepals, apex emarginate or leaflets resembling those of radical leaves but very shortly
obtuse. Style subterminal, base papillate; stigma slightly di- petiolulate and margin less serrate. Inflorescence terminal, laxly
lated. Achenes subreniform, ca. 1 mm in diam., inconspicu- corymbose-cymose, many flowered. Flowers 0.8–1 cm in
ously rugose. Fl. and fr. Apr–Aug. diam.; pedicel slender, 1–1.5 cm, pilose. Sepals triangular-
ovate, apex acuminate; epicalyx segments lanceolate, nearly
Meadows on mountain slopes, loess slopes, gravelly slopes; 600– equaling sepals, abaxially appressed pilose, apex acuminate.
3000 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi,
Petals pale yellow, oblong-obovate, apex emarginate or round-
Shanxi, Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia].
ed. Style subterminal, thin at base, thickened distally. Mature
82. Potentilla fragarioides Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 496. 1753. achenes ovoid, 0.5–1 mm in diam., markedly rugose. Fl. and fr.
Mar–Jun.
莓叶委陵菜 mei ye wei ling cai
Grassy and damp places in forests, meadows on mountain slopes,
Potentilla fragarioides var. major Maximowicz; P. stream sides; 300–2100 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Hei-
fragarioides var. sprengeliana (Lehmann) Maximowicz; P. longjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi,
sprengeliana Lehmann. Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea,
Russia].
Herbs perennial. Roots numerous. Flowering stems tufted,
ascending or spreading, 8–25 cm, together with petioles spread- 1a. Flowering stems and petioles spreading
ing villous. Radical leaves 5–22 cm including petiole; stipules pilose; leaflets oblong, elliptic, or ovate,
brown, membranous, abaxially sparsely spreading villous; leaf both surfaces sparsely appressed pilose,
blade pinnate with 2 or 3(or 4) pairs of leaflets; leaflets at in- abaxially more densely so on veins, margin
tervals of 0.8–1.5 cm, shortly petiolulate or subsessile, green on acutely serrate, stipules of cauline leaves
both surfaces, obovate, elliptic, or oblong-elliptic, 0.5–7 × 0.4– acutely incised serrate at apex .............. 83a. var. freyniana
3 cm, both surfaces appressed pilose, abaxially more densely so 1b. Flowering stems and petioles densely
on veins, sometimes densely ciliate on teeth, base cuneate or spreading villous; leaflets rhombic-
broadly so, margin obtusely or acutely many serrate but entire ovate or broadly ovate, both surfaces
near base, apex obtuse or acute; cauline leaves: stipules green, spreading or subspreading pilose, more
ovate, herbaceous, abaxially spreading pilose, margin entire, densely so on veins, margin obtusely
apex acute; petiole very short or almost absent; leaf blade usu- crenate, stipules of cauline leaves or
ally 3-foliolate; leaflets resembling those of radical leaves, or those on stolons ovate, margin entire,
oblong, margin entire proximally, and apex serrate. Inflo- very rarely 2-fid at apex ............................. 83b. var. sinica
 ROSACEAE

83a. Potentilla freyniana var. freyniana Mountain forest margins, thickets on mountain slopes. Liaoning
[Japan, Korea].
三叶委陵菜(原变种) san ye wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong)
This species is used medicinally.
Potentilla fragarioides Linnaeus var. ternata Maximo-
wicz; P. freyniana var. nitens Pampanini; P. longepetiolata H. 85. Potentilla reptans Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 499. 1753.
Léveillé; P. morii Hayata; P. sutchuenica Cardot.
匍匐委陵菜 pu fu wei ling cai
Flowering stems and petioles spreading pilose. Leaflets
oblong, elliptic, or ovate, both surfaces sparsely appressed pi- Herbs perennial, stoloniferous. Roots much branched, usu-
lose, abaxially more densely so on veins, margin acutely ser- ally with fusiform tubers. Stolons 20–100 cm, sparsely pilose or
rate; stipules of cauline leaves acutely incised serrate at apex. glabrescent, with adventitious roots at nodes. Radical leaves 7–
Fl. and fr. Mar–Jun. 12 cm including petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially
glabrescent; petiole sparsely pilose, appressed sericeous, or gla-
Grassy and damp places in thinned forests, meadows on mountain brescent; leaf blade pedately 5-foliolate, or 3-foliolate; leaflets
slopes, stream sides; 300–2100 m. Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Hei- shortly petiolulate or subsessile, obovate to obovate-oblong, ab-
longjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong,
axially pilose or appressed sericeous, rarely glabrescent,
Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia].
adaxially subglabrous, base cuneate, margin acutely or obtusely
This variety is used medicinally. serrate or lobed to parted, sometimes entire, apex obtuse; stolon
leaves resembling radical ones; stipules green, ovate-oblong or
83b. Potentilla freyniana var. sinica Migo, Bull. Shanghai Sci.
ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, margin entire, rarely 1- or 2-
Inst. 14: 310. 1944.
serrate, apex acute or acuminate. Flowers solitary, axillary or
中华三叶委陵菜 zhong hua san ye wei ling cai opposite leaves, 1.5–2.2 cm in diam.; pedicel 6–9 mm, pilose.
Sepals ovate-lanceolate, apex acute; epicalyx segments oblong-
Flowering stems and petioles densely spreading villous. elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, nearly equaling sepals, markedly
Leaflets rhombic-ovate or broadly ovate, both surfaces spread- enlarged in fruit, abaxially pilose, apex obtuse or acute. Petals
ing or subspreading pilose, more densely so on veins, margin yellow, broadly obovate, slightly longer than sepals, apex mark-
obtusely crenate; stipules of cauline leaves or those on stolons edly emarginate. Style subterminal, thin at base; stigma dilated.
ovate, margin entire, very rarely 2-fid at apex. Fl. and fr. Apr– Achenes yellow-brown, ovoid, markedly rugose. Fl. and fr.
May. Apr–Sep.
● Grassy and damp place in forests; 600–800 m. Anhui, Hubei, Forest margins, thickets by streams, meadows on mountain
Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang. slopes, ditch banks, damp field margins; 300–3500 m. Gansu, Hebei,
84. Potentilla rosulifera H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Henan, Jiangsu, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan,
Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Russia (Siberia); N Africa, C and SW
Veg. 7: 198. 1909.
Asia, Europe].
曲枝委陵菜 qu zhi wei ling cai
1a. Petiole pilose or glabrescent, leaf blade
Potentilla freyniana Bornmüller var. grandiflora Th. pedately 5-foliolate, leaflets abaxially
Wolf; P. querpaertensis Cardot; P. yokusaiana Makino. pilose, margin acutely or obtusely
serrate ........................................................ 85a. var. reptans
Herbs perennial, stoloniferous. Roots fibrous. Stolons
1b. Petiole appressed sericeous, leaf blade
curved and zigzagged, with adventitious roots at nodes. Radical
3-foliolate, leaflets abaxially appressed
leaves 4–7 cm including petiole; stipules brown, membranous,
sericeous, rarely glabrescent or pilose,
abaxially sparsely villous; petiole sparsely spreading villous;
margin of lateral leaflets lobed to
leaf blade 3-foliolate, rarely also with 1 or 2 minute segments
parted, sometimes entire .................. 85b. var. sericophylla
on petiole; leaflets shortly petiolulate or subsessile, adaxially
green, rhombic-ovate, rhombic-obovate, or broadly elliptic, 1– 85a. Potentilla reptans var. reptans
3.5 × 1–2 cm, adaxially sparsely spreading villous, margin many
匍匐委陵菜(原变种) pu fu wei ling cai (yuan bian zhong)
serrate with teeth ovate and dissected into linear lobes, some-
times acutely doubly serrate, apex acute, rarely obtuse; stolon Potentilla procumbens Sibthorp (1794), not (Linnaeus)
leaves resembling radical ones; stipules pale brown, lanceolate, Clairville (1811); Tormentilla reptans Linnaeus.
thinly membranous, margin entire; cauline leaves: stipules ovate,
Petiole pilose or glabrescent; leaf blade pedately 5-folio-
herbaceous, abaxially sparsely villous, margin entire, very rare-
late; leaflets abaxially pilose, margin acutely or obtusely ser-
ly serrate at apex; leaf blade 1- or 2-foliolate; leaflets reduced,
rate. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.
obovate-elliptic, apex 3- or 4-serrate. Inflorescence terminal,
laxly corymbose, 6–8-flowered. Flower 1.5–2 cm in diam. Se- Damp field margins; 500–600 m. Xinjiang [Russia (Siberia); N
pals ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate; epicalyx segments lan- Africa, C and SW Asia, Europe].
ceolate, nearly equaling sepals, apex acuminate. Petals yel- 85b. Potentilla reptans var. sericophylla Franchet, Pl. David.
low, obovate-oblong, ca. 1/2 as long as sepals, apex emargi- 1: 113. 1883.
nate. Style subterminal, thin at base; stigma dilated, capitate.
Achenes not seen. Fl. May. 绢毛匍匐委陵菜 juan mao pu fu wei ling cai
 ROSACEAE

Fragaria filipendula Hemsley; Potentilla hemsleyana Th. Potentilla reptans Linnaeus var. angustiloba Seringe.
Wolf; P. reptans var. incisa Franchet. Herbs perennial, stoloniferous. Roots tufted, slender. Sto-
Petiole appressed sericeous; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets lons 8–60 cm, together with petioles appressed pubescent or pi-
abaxially appressed sericeous, rarely glabrescent or pilose, mar- lose. Radical leaves 4–10 cm including petiole; stipules brown,
gin of lateral leaflets lobed to parted, sometimes entire. Fl. and membranous, abaxially sparsely hirsute; leaf blade palmately 5-
fr. Apr–Sep. foliolate; leaflets sessile, green on both surfaces, lanceolate,
ovate-lanceolate, or oblong-elliptic, 1.5–3 × 0.7–1.5 cm, both
● Forest margins, thickets by streams, meadows on mountain surfaces sparsely appressed pubescent, later glabrescent or
slopes, ditch banks, damp field margins; 300–3500 m. Gansu, Hebei, abaxially appressed pilose on veins, base broadly cuneate, mar-
Henan, Jiangsu, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, gin irregularly acutely incised 3–6-serrate, sometimes 2-fid on
Yunnan, Zhejiang. outer 2 leaflets, apex acute or acuminate; stolon leaves re-
86. Potentilla simulatrix Th. Wolf, Biblioth. Bot. 16(Heft 71): sembling radical ones; stipules green, ovate-lanceolate, herba-
663. 1908. ceous, margin usually parted. Flowers solitary, opposite leaves,
1–1.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–4 cm, pubescent. Sepals ovate-
等齿委陵菜 deng chi wei ling cai oblong, apex acute; epicalyx segments slightly shorter than
Herbs perennial, stoloniferous. Roots slender, much sepals, abaxially pubescent and pilose. Petals yellow, slightly
branched. Stolons slender, 15–30 cm, together with petioles longer than sepals, apex emarginate or rounded. Style subter-
pubescent and villous, usually with adventitious roots at base. minal, thin at base; stigma slightly dilated. Mature achenes
Radical leaves 3–10 cm including long, slender petiole; stipules cylindric-ovoid, bullate. Fl. and fr. May–Sep.
submembranous, densely pilose; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets Thinned forests, damp meadows, lake shores, river banks; 300–
subsessile, green on both surfaces, cuneate-obovate, oblong- 2100 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi
obovate, or subrhomboid, central one ca. 2 cm, lateral ones [Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
shorter with strongly oblique base, abaxially somewhat densely This species is used for food and forage.
appressed pilose especially on veins, adaxially sparsely pilose
88. Potentilla pseudosimulatrix W. B. Liao et al., Bull. Bot.
or glabrescent, margin coarsely crenate-dentate, sometimes
Res., Harbin 10(4): 21. 1990.
somewhat deeply incised, apex hardly prominent; teeth broadly
ovate or oblong, apex rounded or shortly apiculate; stolon 粗齿委陵菜 cu chi wei ling cai
leaves similar to radical ones but petiole shorter and leaf blade Herbs perennial. Roots much branched, slender; rootlets
gradually smaller higher up stem; stipules ovate or oblong and usually fibrous. Flowering stems prostrate or ascending, 20–60
entire on lower leaves, often larger and dentate or 2–5-fid on cm, pilose. Radical leaves: stipules lanceolate, margin entire;
upper leaves. Flower solitary, axillary, 0.7–1 cm in diam.; pedi- petiole 8–15 cm, villous; leaflets 3, abaxially grayish green, ad-
cel slender, 1.5–3 cm, pubescent and pilose. Sepals ovate-lan- axially green, rhombic-ovate or rhombic-elliptic, 3–5 × 2–3.5
ceolate, apex acute; epicalyx segments oblong-elliptic, nearly cm, both surfaces sparsely pubescent, rarely sericeous, base
equaling or rarely slightly longer than sepals, abaxially pilose, strongly obliquely cuneate, margin coarsely dentate with 7–11
apex obtuse or acute. Petals yellow, obovate, longer than sepals, pairs of teeth, apex acute; cauline leaves 1 or 2; stipules ovate,
apex emarginate or rounded. Style subterminal, thin at base; herbaceous, margin entire or 2- or 3-lobed; petiole 2–4 cm,
stigma dilated. Achenes inconspicuously rugose. Fl. and fr. densely villous; leaflets similar to radical ones but smaller, 1.5–
Apr–Oct. 3.6 × 1–1.5 cm. Inflorescence cymose, 2–4-flowered. Flowers
● Stream sides in damp forests; 300–2200 m. Gansu, Hebei, Nei 1–1.4 cm in diam.; pedicel slender, 0.6–6 cm, pubescent. Sepals
Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan. broadly ovate, ca. 6 × 3 mm, abaxially villous, apex acute; epi-
calyx segments lanceolate, slightly longer than sepals, abaxially
87. Potentilla flagellaris Willdenow ex Schlechtendal, Ges. villous, apex acute. Petals yellow, suborbicular, ca. 3 mm, apex
Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten emarginate. Ovary lanate at base; style subterminal, thin at base,
Naturk. 7: 291. 1816. thickened distally. Fl. Apr–Jun.
匐枝委陵菜 pu zhi wei ling cai ● Forest margins; 1200–1400 m. S Shaanxi (Ningshan Xian).

36. COMARUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 502. 1753.

沼委陵菜属 zhao wei ling cai shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba
Farinopsis Chrtek & Soják.
Herbs perennial or subshrubs. Flowering stems erect or ascending. Leaves alternate; leaf blade imparipinnate. Flowers bisexual,
in cymes. Hypanthium almost flat or slightly saucer-shaped, enlarging in fruit. Sepals 5, persistent; epicalyx segments 5, persistent.
Petals 5, red, dark purple, or white. Stamens 15–25; filaments filiform, persistent; anthers compressed globose, dehiscing by mar-
ginal slits, base cordate. Fruiting receptacle enlarged, ellipsoid or hemispheric, spongy. Carpels numerous; style lateral, filiform.
Achenes glabrous or hairy. x = 7.
About five species: temperate regions of N hemisphere; two species in China.
 ROSACEAE

This genus is often included in Potentilla.

1a. Herbs perennial; leaflets 5–7; petals dark purple, ovate-lanceolate, shorter than sepals, apex acuminate; achenes
glabrous ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1. C. palustre
1b. Subshrubs; leaflets 7–11; petals white or red, obovate, subequaling sepals, apex rounded; achenes villous ...... 2. C. salesovianum
1. Comarum palustre Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 502. 1753. Potentilla salesoviana Stephan, Mém. Soc. Imp. Natur-
alistes Moscou 2: 6. 1808; Comarum salesovii (Stephan ex
沼委陵菜 zhao wei ling cai
Willdenow) Bunge; Farinopsis salesoviana (Stephan) Chrtek &
Fragaria palustris (Linnaeus) Crantz; Potentilla comarum Soják; P. salesovii Stephan ex Willdenow.
Nestler, nom. illeg. (included Comarum palustre); P. palustris
Herbs perennial, woody based, 30–100 cm tall. Flowering
(Linnaeus) Scopoli.
stems erect, branched, red-brown, villous, farinaceous when
Herbs perennial, 20–30 cm tall. Rhizome branched, dark young. Leaves 4.5–9.5 cm including petiole; stipules mostly ad-
brown, long, woody. Flowering stems ascending, branched near nate to petiole, scarious, abaxially farinaceous and villous, apex
base, pale red-brown, hollow, glabrous in lower part, hairy in long caudate; petiole 1–1.5 cm; leaf blade imparipinnate, 7–11-
upper part. Radical leaves 6–16 cm including petiole; stipules foliolate, or 3-foliolate or simple on uppermost leaves; rachis
mostly adnate to petiole, membranous; petiole 2.5–12 cm; leaf brownish red, villous; leaflets alternate or subopposite, very
blade imparipinnate, 5–7-foliolate; upper cauline leaves: stip- shortly petiolulate or sessile, adaxially green, oblong-lanceolate
ules ovate, foliaceous, apex often serrate; leaf blade 3-foliolate; or ovate-lanceolate, rarely obovate-lanceolate, 1.5–3.5 × 0.4–
leaflets sessile or subsessile, adaxially dark green, elliptic or 1.2 cm, papery, abaxially appressed pilose, often whitish farina-
oblong, 4–7 × 1.2–3 cm, abaxially villous, adaxially glabrous or ceous, adaxially glabrous, midvein abaxially slightly elevated,
slightly appressed pilose, base cuneate, margin proximally en- lateral veins in 4 or 5 pairs, obscure, base cuneate, margin
tire, distally sharply serrate, apex obtuse or acute. Inflorescence sharply serrate, apex acute. Inflorescence terminal or axillary,
terminal or axillary, cymose, 1- to several flowered; peduncle cymose, laxly several flowered; peduncle and pedicels densely
and pedicels pilose and glandular hairy. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in villous and farinaceous. Flowers 2.5–3 cm in diam.; pedicel
diam.; pedicel 1–1.5 cm; bracts conic, 3–5 mm. Hypanthium 1.5–3 cm; bracts and bracteoles red-brown, linear-lanceolate, 6–
saucer-shaped, abaxially pilose. Sepals spreading, dark purple,
20 mm, apex acuminate. Hypanthium obconic, fleshy, pubes-
triangular-ovate, 0.7–1.8 cm, both surfaces pilose, apex acumi-
cent and white farinaceous. Sepals purplish, triangular-ovate,
nate; epicalyx segments lanceolate to linear, 4–9 mm, abaxially
ca. 1.5 cm, abaxially pubescent and white farinaceous, adax-
pilose, apex acute or acuminate. Petals dark purple, ovate-lan-
ially appressed pubescent, apex acuminate; epicalyx segments
ceolate, 3–8 mm, shorter than sepals, apex acuminate. Stamens
purple, linear-lanceolate, 7–10 mm, abaxially pilose, apex acu-
15–25, shorter than the petals; filaments and anthers dark
minate. Petals white or red, obovate, 1–1.5 cm, nearly equaling
purple. Ovary dark purple, ovoid, glabrous; style filiform.
Achenes numerous, yellow-brown, compressed ovoid, ca. 1 sepals, glabrous, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens
mm, glabrous. Fl. May–Aug, fr. Jul–Oct. ca. 20; filaments 5–6 mm. Ovary cylindric-ovoid, villous. Fruit-
ing receptacle densely villous. Achenes numerous, oblong-
Marshes, fens, bogs. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei
ovoid, ca. 2 mm, enclosed by persistent sepals and epicalyx
Mongol [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; Europe, North America].
segments. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct.
2. Comarum salesovianum (Stephan) Ascherson & Graebner,
Mountain slopes, ravines, river banks; 3600–4000 m. Gansu, Nei
Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6: 663. 1904.
Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang [Afghanistan, NW India,
西北沼委陵菜 xi bei zhao wei ling cai Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan].

37. SIBBALDIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 284. 1753.

山莓草属 shan mei cao shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba
Sibbaldianthe Juzepczuk.
Herbs perennial, often woody based. Flowering stems prostrate to erect. Leaves pinnate or palmately 3–5-foliolate; leaflets ser-
rate at apex or margin, rarely entire. Inflorescence a cyme or solitary flower. Flowers usually bisexual, rarely unisexual. Hypanthium
saucer-shaped or cupular. Sepals (4 or)5, alternate, persistent; epicalyx segments (4 or)5. Petals (4 or)5, yellow, purple-red, or white.
Disk usually markedly broad, rarely not so. Stamens (4 or)5(–10); anthers 2-loculed. Carpels 4–20, free; ovule usually ascending;
style sub-basal, lateral, or subterminal. Achenes few, inserted on elevated, dry receptacle. x = 7.
About 20 species: arctic and alpine regions of N hemisphere; 13 species (four endemic) in China.
1a. Radical leaves pinnately 3–11-foliolate.
2a. Leaflets abaxially sericeous, strigose, or subglabrous.
3a. Flowers 5-merous; petals yellow or white, longer than sepals; leaflets abaxially strigose, adaxially
subglabrous, terminal one (2 or)3-serrate at apex .......................................................................................... 10. S. adpressa
3b. Flowers 4- or 5-merous; petals white, equaling or only slightly longer than sepals; leaflets appressed
sericeous on both surfaces, margin entire .......................................................................................................... 11. S. sericea
 ROSACEAE

2b. Leaflets abaxially densely white tomentose.

4a. Flowering stems and petioles densely white tomentose; leaflets abaxially inconspicuously veined
and densely white tomentose ..................................................................................................................... 12. S. micropetala
4b. Flowering stems and petioles yellow pilose and white tomentose; leaflets abaxially prominently
veined ................................................................................................................................................... 13. S. phanerophlebia
1b. Radical leaves palmately 3–5-foliolate.
5a. Radical leaves 5-foliolate.
6a. Leaflets densely white sericeous on both surfaces ......................................................................................... 9. S. omeiensis
6b. Leaflets appressed pilose on both surfaces.
7a. Leaflets obovate-oblong or oblong, central and lateral ones subequal, apex 2–6-serrate; petals 5,
purple-red, longer than sepals ................................................................................................................... 7. S. purpurea
7b. Leaflets obovate, 2 lateral ones much smaller than 3 central ones, apex (2 or)3-serrate; petals
4(or 5), yellow-white, nearly equaling sepals ....................................................................................... 8. S. pentaphylla
5b. Radical leaves 3-foliolate.
8a. Leaflet margin entire except for (2 or)3–5-dentate apex.
9a. Petals 5, shorter than sepals .................................................................................................................. 1. S. procumbens
9b. Petals 4 or 5, nearly equaling or slightly longer than sepals.
10a. Leaflets broadly obovate, base rounded to broadly cuneate; flowers numerous, in cymes;
petals 5, equaling sepals ..................................................................................................................... 2. S. cuneata
10b. Leaflets obovate-oblong, base cuneate; flowers 1(–3); petals 4, nearly equaling or slightly
longer than sepals ............................................................................................................................. 3. S. tetrandra
8b. Leaflet margin serrate or lobed.
11a. Flower solitary, terminal; petals white, longer than sepals ............................................................ 4. S. perpusilloides
11b. Flowers 2–6, in cymes; petals red or purple-red, shorter than or nearly equaling sepals.
12a. Leaflets broadly obovate to suborbicular, 0.3–1.5 cm, both surfaces appressed pilose; petals
red, nearly equaling sepals .................................................................................................................. 5. S. tenuis
12b. Leaflets broadly elliptic, 1.3–2.5 cm, abaxially densely yellow hirsute; petals purple-red,
slightly shorter than or equaling sepals ...................................................................................... 6. S. sikkimensis

1. Sibbaldia procumbens Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 307. 1753. epicalyx segments slightly shorter
than sepals; petals much shorter
山莓草 shan mei cao
than sepals ........................................ 1b. var. aphanopetala
Herbs perennial, woody based. Flowering stems prostrate
1a. Sibbaldia procumbens var. procumbens
or ascending, 4–30 cm tall, appressed pilose, or strigose
throughout. Radical leaves 3–12 cm including petiole; stipules 山莓草(原变种) shan mei cao (yuan bian zhong)
brown, membranous; petiole pilose; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaf-
Potentilla procumbens (Linnaeus) Clairville (1811), not
lets shortly petiolulate or subsessile, oblong or obovate, 1–3 ×
Sibthorp (1794); P. sibbaldia Griesselich; P. sibbaldii A. Hall-
0.6–1.5 cm, abaxially appressed pilose, adaxially sparsely pi-
er; Sibbaldia macrophylla Turczaninow ex Juzepczuk; S. pro-
lose or sometimes glabrous, base cuneate, margin 3–5-dentate,
cumbens var. macrophylla (Turczaninow ex Juzepczuk) Guba-
apex truncate; teeth triangular, rarely ovate and acute; cauline
nov.
leaves 1 or 2, resembling radical ones but petiole shorter; stip-
ules lanceolate or ovate, sparsely pilose, margin entire. Inflores- Flowering stems 4–20 cm tall, appressed pilose. Cauline
cence terminal, compact, corymbose, 8–12-flowered. Flowers leaf 1. Epicalyx segments much shorter than sepals. Petals
4–6 mm in diam. Sepals ovate to triangular-ovate, apex acute; slightly shorter than sepals. Fl. and fr. Jul–Aug.
epicalyx segments much shorter than to nearly equaling sepals.
Petals yellow, obovate-oblong, slightly or much shorter than Dry mountain slopes, grasslands by lakes; 2400–2600 m. Jilin,
Xinjiang [widely distributed in N temperate zone, extending N nearly to
sepals, apex rounded. Stamens ca. 5. Style lateral. Achenes gla-
arctic circle].
brous. Fl. and fr. Jul–Aug.
1b. Sibbaldia procumbens var. aphanopetala (Handel-Maz-
Forests, meadows on mountain slopes, dry mountain slopes,
grasslands by lakes, rock crevices; 2400–4000 m. Gansu, Jilin, Qinghai,
zetti) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li in T. T. Yu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis
Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [widely distributed in N Sin. 37: 337. 1985.
temperate zone, extending N nearly to arctic circle].
隐瓣山莓草 yin ban shan mei cao
1a. Flowering stems 4–20 cm tall, appressed
Sibbaldia aphanopetala Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti
pilose; cauline leaf 1; epicalyx segments
Gothob. 13: 327. 1939.
much shorter than sepals; petals slightly
shorter than sepals .............................. 1a. var. procumbens Flowering stems to 30 cm tall, strigose throughout. Cau-
1b. Flowering stems to 30 cm tall, strigose line leaves 1 or 2. Epicalyx segments slightly shorter than se-
throughout; cauline leaves 1 or 2; pals. Petals much shorter than sepals. Fl. and fr. Jul–Aug.
 ROSACEAE

● Forests, meadows on mountain slopes, rock crevices; 2500– 0.7–1.5 cm including petiole; stipules brown, membranous,
4000 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan. pilose or subglabrous; petiole pilose or subglabrous; leaf blade
This variety is used medicinally. 3-foliolate; leaflets shortly petiolulate or subsessile, broadly
obovate, 2–3.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, both surfaces subglabrous, base
2. Sibbaldia cuneata Hornemann ex Kuntze, Linnaea 20: 59. cuneate, margin 2–5-serrate; teeth ovate, apex acute, rarely
1874. obtuse. Flower solitary, terminal, ca. 6 mm in diam., base pi-
楔叶山莓草 xie ye shan mei cao lose. Sepals broadly ovate, apex acute; epicalyx segments ellip-
tic-lanceolate, slightly shorter than sepals, abaxially sparsely
Sibbaldia taiwanensis H. L. Li.
pilose or subglabrous, margin ciliate, apex acute. Petals 5,
Herbs perennial, woody based. Flowering stems erect or white, obovate, nearly 2 × as long as sepals, apex rounded. Sta-
ascending, 5–14 cm tall, appressed or subappresed pilose. Radi- mens up to 10; filaments short. Style lateral. Achenes glabrous.
cal leaves 1.5–10 cm including petiole; stipules brown, mem- Fl. and fr. Jul–Aug.
branous, abaxially sparsely strigose; petiole appressed pilose;
Alpine meadows, rock crevices; 3800–4300 m. Xizang, Yunnan
leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets usually shortly petiolulate or sub- [Bhutan, N Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim].
sessile, green on both surfaces, broadly obovate or elliptic, 0.8–
2.5 × 0.6–1.8 cm, both surfaces sparsely pilose, base cuneate, 5. Sibbaldia tenuis Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 13:
margin 3–5-dentate, apex truncate; teeth ovate, apex acute or 330. 1939.
obtuse; cauline leaves 1 or 2, resembling radical ones but leaf-
纤细山莓草 xian xi shan mei cao
lets smaller; stipules green, lanceolate, herbaceous, apex acumi-
nate. Inflorescence terminal, compact, corymbose. Flowers 5–7 Herbs perennial. Roots slender, much branched. Rhizome
mm in diam. Sepals ovate or oblong, apex acute; epicalyx seg- sometimes procumbent and creeping underground. Flowering
ments lanceolate, equaling sepals, abaxially pilose, apex acu- stems 1.5–6 cm tall, densely pubescent. Radical leaves 1–8.5
minate. Petals yellow, obovate, nearly equaling or slightly cm including petiole; stipules brown, membranous, appressed
longer than sepals, apex rounded. Stamens ca. 5. Style lateral. pilose or subglabrous; petiole appressed pilose; leaf blade 3-
Achenes glabrous. Fl. and fr. May–Oct. foliolate; leaflets sessile, green on both surfaces, elliptic or obo-
Alpine meadows, rock crevices; 3400–4500 m. Qinghai, Sichuan,
vate, 3–15 × 2.5–13 mm, both surfaces appressed pilose, base
Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Rus- subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin incised serrate, apex
sia, Sikkim]. obtuse, rarely subtruncate. Inflorescence corymbose, numerous
flowered. Flowers ca. 5 mm in diam. Sepals ovate-triangular,
3. Sibbaldia tetrandra Bunge, Verz. Altai Pfl. 17. 1836. apex acuminate; epicalyx segments lanceolate, slightly shorter
四蕊山莓草 si rui shan mei cao than sepals, abaxially appressed pilose, apex acute to acumi-
nate. Petals pink, narrowly oblong, apex obtuse. Stamens 5(or
Dryadanthe bungeana Ledebour; D. tetrandra (Bunge) 6), inserted away from broad, 5- or 6-fid disk. Style subter-
Juzepczuk; Potentilla tetrandra (Bunge) J. D. Hooker. minal. Achenes not seen. Fl. Jun.
Herbs perennial, low, tufted. Rhizome robust, terete. Flow- ● Open places in Picea forests, ravines; 2500–3600 m. Gansu,
ering stems 2–5 cm tall. Radical leaves 0.5–15 cm including Qinghai, Sichuan.
petiole; stipules brown, dilated, membranous, abaxially pilose;
6. Sibbaldia sikkimensis (Prain) Chatterjee, Notes Roy. Bot.
petiole white pilose; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets green on
Gard. Edinburgh 19: 327. 1938.
both surfaces, obovate-oblong, 5–8 × 3–4 mm, both surfaces
white pilose, base cuneate, apex truncate and 3-dentate. Flowers 黄毛山莓草 huang mao shan mei cao
1(–3), usually unisexual, 4–8 mm in diam. Sepals 4, triangular-
ovate, apex rounded or acute; epicalyx segments lanceolate or Potentilla sikkimensis Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 73: 201.
ovate, minute, nearly equaling sepals, apex acute to acuminate. 1904, not Th. Wolf (1908); Sibbaldia melinotricha Handel-
Petals 4, pale yellow, obovate-oblong, nearly equaling or slight- Mazzetti.
ly longer than sepals. Stamens 4, inserted away from broad, 4- Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete. Flowering stems
fid disk. Style lateral. Achenes glabrous. Fl. and fr. May–Aug. erect or ascending, 6–30 cm tall, yellow hirsute, glabrescent
Forests, meadows on mountain slopes, rock crevices; 3000–5400 when old. Radical leaves 4–28 cm including petiole; stipules
m. Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang [Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia (W brown, membranous, abaxially sparsely yellow villous; petiole
Siberia), Sikkim; C Asia]. spreading yellow hirsute; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets shortly
petiolulate or subsessile, adaxially dark green, broadly elliptic
4. Sibbaldia perpusilloides (W. W. Smith) Handel-Mazzetti,
or obovate, 1.5–4 × 1–3 cm, both surfaces sparsely yellow pi-
Symb. Sin. 7: 520. 1933.
lose, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin coarsely
短蕊山莓草 duan rui shan mei cao sharply incised serrate, apex obtuse; cauline leaves 1 or 2,
resembling radical ones but petiole shorter and leaflets smaller;
Potentilla perpusilloides W. W. Smith, Rec. Bot. Surv.
stipules green or green-brown, ovate, herbaceous, abaxially
India 4: 188. 1911; P. brachystemon Handel-Mazzetti.
sparsely yellow pilose. Inflorescence terminal, pseudo-umbel-
Herbs perennial, small. Roots slender, slightly woody; late. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam.; pedicel 1–1.5 cm, sparsely
rootlets slender. Flowering stems 1–1.5 cm tall. Radical leaves spreading pilose. Sepals triangular-ovate, apex acute; epicalyx
 ROSACEAE

segments oblong-lanceolate, slightly shorter than sepals, abax- 8. Sibbaldia pentaphylla J. Krause, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
ially yellow pilose, apex acute. Petals 5(or 6), dark purple-red Veg. Beih. 12: 410. 1922.
or violet, obovate, slightly shorter than sepals, apex rounded.
五叶山莓草 wu ye shan mei cao
Stamens 5(or 6); filaments short. Style subterminal. Achenes
ovoid, purple-brown, glabrous. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug. Sibbaldia purpurea Royle var. pentaphylla (J. Krause) Dik-
shit.
Alpine meadows; 3500–4100 m. Yunnan [N Myanmar, Nepal,
Sikkim]. Herbs perennial, woody based. Rhizome robust. Flowering
7. Sibbaldia purpurea Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 208. stems low, tufted, 2–5 cm tall. Radical leaves 1–1.5 cm in-
1835. cluding petiole; stipules abaxially brown, membranous, sparse-
ly pilose or subglabrous; petiole sericeous; leaf blade palmately
紫花山莓草 zi hua shan mei cao 5-foliolate; leaflets green on both surfaces, obovate or obovate-
Herbs perennial, woody based. Rhizome much branched. oblong, 3–8 × 2–5 mm, 2 lateral leaflets much smaller than 3
Flowering stems ascending, 4–10 cm tall, appressed pilose. central ones, both surfaces densely white villous or sericeous-
Radical leaves 1.5–4 cm including petiole; stipules dark brown, villous, base cuneate, apex truncate or obtuse and 2- or 3-ser-
membranous, abaxially sparsely sericeous-villous or subgla- rate. Inflorescence axillary, 1–3-flowered. Flowers ca. 4 mm in
brous; petiole appressed pilose; leaf blade palmately 5-foliolate; diam., unisexual. Sepals 4 or 5, triangular-ovate, apex acute;
leaflets sessile or subsessile, obovate or obovate-oblong, 5–10 × epicalyx segments lanceolate, slightly shorter than sepals, abax-
3–6 mm, subequal, both surfaces appressed white villous or ially pilose, apex acute. Petals yellowish white, obovate-oblong,
sericeous-villous, base cuneate or broadly so, margin usually 2- apex obtuse. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted away from broad, 4- or 5-
or 3-serrate, apex obtuse. Inflorescence axillary, corymbose and fid disk. Style lateral. Achenes glabrous. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.
many flowered or a solitary flower. Flowers 4–6 mm in diam., ● Alpine meadows, rock crevices; 3700–4500 m. Qinghai, Si-
unisexual or bisexual, shorter or longer than subtending leaf. chuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
Sepals triangular-ovate, apex acute; epicalyx segments lanceo-
late, slightly shorter than sepals, abaxially sparsely white pilose, 9. Sibbaldia omeiensis T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax.
apex acute. Petals 5, purple-red, obovate-oblong, apex emar- Sin. 19: 516. 1981.
ginate. Disk well developed, purple-red. Stamens 5, alternating 峨眉山莓草 e mei shan mei cao
with petals. Style lateral. Achenes ovoid, purple-brown, gla-
brous. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug. Herbs perennial. Rhizome robust, terete, much branched,
Forest margins, alpine meadows, rock crevices; 3600–4700 m.
with many lateral roots. Flowering stems erect, 12–15 cm tall,
Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NW India, ?Kashmir, Ne- densely appressed white sericeous. Radical leaves 3–7 cm
pal, Sikkim]. including petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially white
sericeous or subglabrous; petiole appressed sericeous; leaf blade
1a. Flowers solitary, unisexual, usually palmately 5-foliolate; 2 lateral leaflets sessile, lanceolate, mar-
shorter than subtending leaf .................... 7a. var. purpurea gin entire or 1–3-serrate; 3 central leaflets oblong-lanceolate,
1b. Flowers many in corymbs, rarely larger than lateral 2, both surfaces densely white sericeous-
solitary, bisexual, longer than villous and shining, base cuneate, distal margin irregularly 1–4-
subtending leaf .................................. 7b. var. macropetala serrate on each side, apex obtuse or acute; cauline leaf 1,
7a. Sibbaldia purpurea var. purpurea reduced and bractlike; stipules ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous,
abaxially densely white sericeous. Flowers 2 or 3, ca. 1.5 cm in
紫花山莓草(原变种) zi hua shan mei cao (yuan bian zhong) diam. Sepals triangular-ovate, apex acuminate; epicalyx seg-
Potentilla purpurea (Royle) J. D. Hooker. ments lanceolate, nearly equaling sepals, abaxially densely
white sericeous, apex acuminate. Petals white, obcordate. Sta-
Flowers solitary, unisexual, usually shorter than subtend- mens ca. 5. Style subterminal; stigma not dilated. Achenes not
ing leaf. seen. Fl. Jul.
Rock crevices on mountain slopes; 4400–4700 m. Xizang [Bhu- ● Rock crevices; ca. 3000 m. C Sichuan (Emei Shan).
tan, NW India, Nepal, Sikkim].
10. Sibbaldia adpressa Bunge in Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 1: 428.
7b. Sibbaldia purpurea var. macropetala (Muravjeva) T. T.
1829.
Yu & C. L. Li in T. T. Yu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37: 340.
1985. 伏毛山莓草 fu mao shan mei cao
大瓣紫花山莓草 da ban zi hua shan mei cao Potentilla adpressa (Bunge) Cardot; P. bifurca Linnaeus
var. unijuga Th. Wolf; P. lindenbergii Lehmann; Sibbaldia mi-
Sibbaldia macropetala Muravjeva, Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. nutissima Kitamura; Sibbaldianthe adpressa (Bunge) Juzep-
Nauk SSSR, Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 2: 235. 1936. czuk.
Flowers many in corymbs, rarely solitary, bisexual, longer Herbs perennial. Roots much branched, long, slender,
than subtending leaf. woody. Flowering stems low, tufted, 1.5–12 cm tall, sericeous-
Forest margins, alpine meadows, rock crevices near snow line; strigose. Radical leaves 1.5–7 cm including petiole; stipules
3600–4700 m. Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Sikkim]. dark brown, membranous, abaxially subglabrous; petiole serice-
 ROSACEAE

ous-strigose; leaf blade pinnate with 2 pairs of leaflets, some- Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete. Flowering stems as-
times 3-foliolate; terminal leaflet oblanceolate or obovate-ob- cending, 10–30 cm tall, together with petioles densely white to-
long, base cuneate, rarely broadly so, apex truncate and (2 or)3- mentose or sometimes sparsely tomentose. Radical leaves 3–5
serrate, rarely entire; lateral leaflets lanceolate or oblong-lan- cm including petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially
ceolate, 0.5–2 cm × 1.5–6 mm, abaxially sericeous-strigose, sparsely white tomentose or subglabrous; leaf blade pinnate
adaxially sparsely appressed pilose or subglabrous, base cune- with 4–6 pairs of leaflets; leaflets usually opposite, sessile, long
ate, decurrent and adnate to the rachis in apical pair of leaflets, elliptic or obovate-oblong, 0.5–1 cm × 3–8 mm, abaxially white
margin entire, apex acute; cauline leaves 1 or 2, resembling rad- tomentose, adaxially gray-white or green tomentose and pubes-
ical ones; stipules green, lanceolate, herbaceous. Inflorescence cent, or sparsely pubescent only, base cuneate, broadly so, or
cymose and several flowered or a solitary, terminal flower. subrounded, margin sharply incised serrate, apex rounded; cau-
Flowers 5-merous, 6–10 mm in diam. Sepals triangular-ovate, line leaves resembling radical ones but leaflets fewer higher up
apex acute; epicalyx segments long elliptic, slightly shorter or stem, eventually 3-foliolate; stipules leaflike, adaxially green or
longer than sepals, abaxially sparsely sericeous-strigose, apex dark green, herbaceous, abaxially white tomentose, margin in-
rounded or acute. Petals yellow or white, obovate-oblong. Sta- cised serrate. Flower solitary, 4–8 mm in diam. Sepals long
mens ca. 10, slightly shorter than or equaling sepals. Style sub- ovate, apex acuminate; epicalyx segments elliptic-lanceolate,
basal. Achenes markedly rugose. Fl. and fr. May–Aug. slightly shorter than sepals, abaxially densely white tomentose,
Meadows on mountain slopes, sandy river banks, gravels, field apex obtuse or acute. Petals yellow or pale orange, oblong-lan-
margins; 600–4200 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol, Qin- ceolate, shorter than or equaling sepals, apex obtuse. Stamens 5,
ghai, Xinjiang, Xizang [Mongolia, Nepal, Russia]. alternating with sepals; filaments short. Style lateral. Achenes
brown, ovoid, partly glabrous and partly shallowly grooved. Fl.
11. Sibbaldia sericea (Grubov) Soják, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. and fr. Jun–Aug.
4: 79. 1969.
Meadows on mountain slopes, sandy river banks; 2700–4300 m.
绢毛山莓草 juan mao shan mei cao Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NW India, Nepal, Sikkim].
Sibbaldianthe sericea Grubov, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. 13. Sibbaldia phanerophlebia T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phy-
Komarova Akad. Nauk SSSR 17: 16. 1955; Potentilla adpressa totax. Sin. 19: 517. 1981.
(Bunge) Cardot var. sericea Cardot.
显脉山莓草 xian mai shan mei cao
Herbs perennial. Roots robust, terete, woody. Flowering
stems tufted, 1–4 cm tall, appressed sericeous. Radical leaves Herbs perennial. Roots much branched, long, thin. Flow-
1–4 cm including petiole; stipules brown, membranous, serice- ering stems spreading, 4–10 cm, together with petioles yellow-
ous; petiole appressed sericeous; leaf blade pinnately 5-foliolate ish pilose and white tomentose. Radical leaves 2–5 cm in-
or 3-foliolate; leaflets opposite, obovate-lanceolate or narrowly cluding petiole; stipules brown, membranous, abaxially pilose
lanceolate, 0.5–1.5 cm × 2–3 mm, both surfaces appressed seri- or glabrescent; leaf blade pinnate with 2–4 pairs of leaflets;
ceous, base long cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate; cau- leaflets opposite, rarely alternate, shortly petiolulate or subses-
line leaves 3, resembling radical ones but smaller; stipules sile, elliptic or obovate, 4–10 × 3–8 mm, abaxially densely
green, sericeous. Flowers 1 or 2, 4- or 5-merous, 3–5 mm in white tomentose, adaxially pilose, rarely white tomentose, mid-
diam. Sepals ovate-triangular, abaxially sericeous; epicalyx seg- vein and lateral veins obvious, sparsely yellow pilose, base
ments lanceolate, abaxially sericeous, apex acute. Petals white, broadly cuneate or subrounded, sharply incised serrate, apex
obovate, equaling or slightly longer than sepals. Style lateral. obtuse; cauline leaves resembling radical ones but upper ones
Achenes not seen. 3-foliolate; stipules green, ovate, herbaceous, abaxially white
Mountain slopes, desert grasslands; 600–1200 m. Nei Mongol
tomentose, margin sharply serrate. Flower solitary, 5–6 mm in
[Mongolia]. diam. Sepals triangular, apex acute; epicalyx segments lan-
ceolate, nearly equaling sepals, abaxially yellowish pilose and
12. Sibbaldia micropetala (D. Don) Handel-Mazzetti in G. white tomentose, apex acuminate. Petals tinged yellow, long el-
Karsten & Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 22(8): 6. 1932. liptic, nearly equaling sepals, apex rounded. Stamens ca. 5.
白叶山莓草 bai ye shan mei cao Style lateral. Achenes not seen. Fl. Jun.

Potentilla micropetala D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 231. ● Meadows on mountain slopes, rock crevices; 3500–3800 m.
1825; P. albifolia Wallich ex J. D. Hooker. Xizang, Yunnan.

38. CHAMAERHODOS Bunge in Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 1: 429. 1829.

地蔷薇属 di qiang wei shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba
Herbs or subshrubs, glandular pilose or pubescent. Flowering stems erect, slender. Leaves alternate; stipules membranous at
base, adnate to petiole; leaf blade 1–3 times 3-parted into narrow segments. Inflorescence cymose, corymbose, or paniculate, rarely a
solitary flower. Flowers small. Hypanthium obconic, tubular, or campanulate. Sepals 5, erect, valvate, persistent. Petals 5, white or
purple. Disk lining mouth of hypanthium, setose with long, rigid hairs, margin thickened. Stamens 5, opposite petals. Carpels 4–10
 ROSACEAE

or more; ovule ascending from base of locule; style basal, articulate at base, deciduous; stigma capitellate. Achenes few or many,
ovoid, glabrous, enclosed by hypanthium. Seed erect.
About eight species: Asia, North America; five species in China.

1a. Herbs biennial or annual, usually 1-stemmed, 20–50 cm tall, slightly woody at base; petals equaling or slightly
longer than sepals; carpels 10–15 ...................................................................................................................................... 1. C. erecta
1b. Herbs perennial or subshrubs, many stemmed, tufted, 5–30 cm tall, woody at base; petals shorter or longer than
sepals; carpels 4–8.
2a. Radical leaves 2 or 3 times 3-parted.
3a. Flowering stems 10–30 cm tall, sparsely glandular pubescent and villous; ultimate segments of radical
leaves linear, apex rounded or acute; cauline leaves present; hypanthium broadly campanulate; petals
obovate, longer than sepals, apex emarginate; carpels 4–6 ........................................................................... 2. C. canescens
3b. Flowering stems 6–10 cm tall, glandular pubescent and villous; ultimate segments of radical leaves
oblong-spatulate, apex obtuse; cauline leaves present or absent; hypanthium campanulate or obconic;
petals lanceolate-spatulate or cuneate, shorter or slightly longer than sepals, apex rounded; carpels
usually 6–8 ....................................................................................................................................................... 3. C. sabulosa
2b. Radical leaves once 3-parted or 3-fid.
4a. Subshrubs, 5–6 cm tall, villous and glandular pubescent; radical leaves 3-parted with linear segments;
flowers solitary or 3–5 in cymes ......................................................................................................................... 4. C. altaica
4b. Herbs perennial, 5–18 cm tall, pilose or glabrous; radical leaves 3-fid with narrowly linear segments;
flowers many, in dichasial panicles ...................................................................................................................... 5. C. trifida
1. Chamaerhodos erecta (Linnaeus) Bunge in Ledebour, Fl. Herbs perennial. Roots woody. Flowering stems many,
Altaic. 1: 430. 1829. tufted, erect or ascending, 10–30 cm tall, densely glandular
pubescent and sparsely pilose at base, branched in upper 1/2.
地蔷薇 di qiang wei
Radical leaves densely arranged; petiole 1.5–3 cm, long setose;
Sibbaldia erecta Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 284. 1753; Cha- leaf blade 1–1.5 cm, 2 times 3-parted, glandular hairy and gray
maerhodos micrantha J. Krause; C. songarica Juzepczuk. setose, base cuneate; segments entire or 2- or 3-sect into 2- or 3-
Herbs biennial or annual, villous and glandular hairy. fid segments; ultimate lobes linear, 4–6 mm, margin entire, apex
Roots woody. Flowering stem solitary, rarely few and tufted, obtuse or acute; cauline leaves resembling radical ones but peti-
erect or arcuate-ascending, 20–50 cm tall, slightly woody at ole ca. 5 mm and lateral segments usually entire, sometimes in-
base, often branched in upper 1/2. Radical leaves in a dense cised, central segment 3-fid into 2- or 3-lobed lobes. Inflores-
rosette, usually withering in fruit; stipules leaflike, 3- or more cence compact, compound, cymose, many flowered; peduncle
sect; petiole 1–2.5 cm; leaf blade 1–2.5 cm, 2 times 3-parted, and pedicels glandular hairy; bracts and bracteoles lanceolate,
base cuneate; lateral lobes 2-sect, median one often 3-sect into 5–10 mm, 2- or 3-parted into linear segments, glandular hairy.
3–5-fid segments; ultimate segments or lobes linear, 1–2 mm, Flowers 2–3 mm in diam.; pedicel 2–4 mm. Hypanthium
margin entire, apex obtuse; cauline leaves resembling radical broadly campanulate, 2–3 mm, abaxially setose. Sepals lanceo-
ones but subsessile and 3-parted. Inflorescence terminal, cy- late, ca. 2 mm, markedly 10-ribbed and setose, apex acuminate.
mose, repeatedly dichasially branching into a many-flowered Petals pale pink or white, obovate, 3–4 mm, glabrous, base
panicle 1.5–3 cm in diam.; bracts and bracteoles 2- or 3-fid with tapering into a cuneate claw, apex emarginate. Filaments 1.5–2
linear lobes. Flowers 2–3 mm in diam.; pedicel long, slender, mm, glabrous. Receptacle villous. Carpels 4–6, free; ovary gla-
3–6 mm. Hypanthium turbinate or campanulate, ca. 1 mm. brous; style filiform. Achenes black-brown, cylindric-ovoid, ca.
Sepals ovate-lanceolate, 1–2 mm, apex acuminate. Petals pale 2 mm, glabrous, apex mucronate. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct.
pink or white, obovate, 2–3 mm, glabrous, base tapering into a Rocks on mountain slopes. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning,
cuneate claw, apex rounded. Stamens shorter than petals. Car- Nei Mongol, Shanxi [Mongolia, Russia].
pels 10–15, free; ovary ovoid or cylindric; style lateral-basal.
Achenes dark brown, ovoid or cylindric, 1–1.5 mm, glabrous, 3. Chamaerhodos sabulosa Bunge in Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 1:
smooth, apex mucronate. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug. 432. 1829.

Mountain slopes, hills, dry sandy river banks; ca. 2500 m. Gansu, 砂生地蔷薇 sha sheng di qiang wei
Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qin-
ghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Korea, Mongolia, Russia]. Herbs perennial. Flowering stems many, tufted, spreading
or ascending, 6–10(–18) cm tall, slightly hard, together with
This species is used medicinally. leaves and petioles glandular hairy and pilose. Radical leaves in
2. Chamaerhodos canescens J. Krause, Repert. Spec. Nov. a dense rosette, not withering in fruit; stipules entire at margin;
Regni Veg. Beih. 12: 411. 1922. petiole 1.5–2.5 cm; leaf blade 1–3 cm, 3 times 3-parted; seg-
ments entire or 2- or 3-sect into entire or 2- or 3-fid segments;
灰毛地蔷薇 hui mao di qiang wei
ultimate lobes spatulate, 1–2 mm, apex rounded; cauline leaves
Chamaerhodos corymbosa Muravjeva var. brevifolia Mu- few or absent, resembling radical ones but 3-parted with seg-
ravjeva. ments entire or 2- or 3-fid. Inflorescence terminal, compressed
 ROSACEAE

at anthesis, later becoming lax, paniculate-corymbiform, many thium, abaxially villous and glandular pubescent. Petals purple
flowered; bracts and bracteoles linear, 1–2 mm, margin entire. or violet, obovate to broadly ovate, 4–5 mm, glabrous. Stamens
Flowers 3–5 mm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate or pyri- shorter than petals. Carpels 6–10, free. Achenes brown, cylin-
form, 2–4.5 mm, pilose. Sepals erect, triangular-ovate, equaling dric, ca. 2 mm, glabrous. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Sep–Nov.
or slightly longer than hypanthium, apex acute. Petals white or
Mountain slopes. Nei Mongol [Mongolia, Russia].
pink, lanceolate-spatulate or cuneate, 2–3 mm, shorter than or
equaling sepals, apex rounded. Filaments glabrous, shorter than 5. Chamaerhodos trifida Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 2: 34. 1843.
petals. Carpels (5 or)6–8(–10), free. Achenes brown, shining,
ovoid, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. 三裂地蔷薇 san lie di qiang wei
Sands and gravels on river banks. Nei Mongol, Xinjiang, Xizang Chamaerhodos klementzii Muravjeva, p.p.
[Mongolia, Russia].
Herbs perennial. Flowering stems many, tufted, erect or
4. Chamaerhodos altaica (Laxmann) Bunge in Ledebour, Fl. ascending, unbranched, 5–18 cm tall, woody at base, pilose or
Altaic. 1: 429. 1829. glabrous. Radical leaves 1.5–4 cm, villous and glandular hairy;
阿尔泰地蔷薇 a er tai di qiang wei stipules linear, 4–5 mm, margin entire; petiole 1.5–2 cm; leaf
blade once 3-parted; segments linear, entire or 2- or 3-sect; low-
Sibbaldia altaica Laxmann, Novi Comment. Acad. Sci.
er cauline leaves shortly petiolate, upper ones sessile; leaf blade
Imp. Petrop. 18: 527. 1774.
3–5-fid. Inflorescence paniculate, dichasially branched, many
Subshrubs. Flowering stems many, spreading, forming flowered; peduncle and pedicels slightly glandular hairy; bracts
dense, compact tufts 5–6 cm tall, covered with peeling, dark and bracteoles linear, 2–4 mm, pilose. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam.;
brown bark and with relics of dead leaves in upper part, villous pedicel 3–5 mm. Hypanthium tubular, 3–4 mm, abaxially pu-
and glandular pubescent throughout. Radical leaves many; peti- bescent at base, 10-veined. Sepals triangular-ovate, ca. 2 mm,
ole 0.5–1.2 cm; leaf blade 1.5–2.5 cm, once 3-parted; lateral pilose and glandular hairy, apex acuminate. Petals pink, obo-
segments entire or 2- or 3-sect; ultimate segments linear. Inflo- vate, 4–6 mm, glabrous, base tapering into a cuneate claw, apex
rescence cymose and 3–5-flowered or flower solitary; bracts rounded. Filaments shorter than petals, glabrous. Carpels 6–10,
and bracteoles linear, 1–2 mm. Flowers 4–5 mm in diam.; pedi- free. Achenes cylindric, ca. 2 mm, glabrous. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug.
cel 3–5 mm. Hypanthium green or red-purple, tubular, 3–4 mm.
Sepals ovate-lanceolate, shorter than or nearly equaling hypan- Meadows on mountain slopes. Heilongjiang [Mongolia, Russia].

39. FRAGARIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 494. 1753.

草莓属 cao mei shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba
Herbs perennial, mostly stoloniferous, polygamo-dioecious, usually spreading or appressed hairy. Stolons often rooting at nodes
and forming plantlets. Leaves alternate, petiolate; stipules adnate to base of petiole, often membranous, sheathing; leaf blade 3-folio-
late or pinnately 5-foliolate. Inflorescence erect, cymose or corymbiform, few flowered, rarely a solitary flower. Hypanthium ob-
conic or turbinate. Sepals 5, valvate, persistent; epicalyx segments 5, alternating with and smaller than sepals, margin entire. Petals 5,
white, rarely yellow, broadly obovate or suborbicular. Stamens numerous; anther 2-loculed. Carpels numerous, free, borne on convex
receptacle; ovule ascending from middle of locule; style adaxial, short, persistent. Aggregate fruit formed from enlarged receptacle,
berry-like, long conic to globose, fleshy. Achenes numerous, seated in pits on surface of aggregate fruit, minute, brittle. Seed testa
membranous; cotyledons convex. x = 7.
About 20 species: temperate and subtropical regions of N hemisphere, extending to South America; nine species (three endemic, one introduced)
in China.

1a. Stems and petioles appressed hairy.

2a. Sepals appressed to aggregate fruit ......................................................................................................................... 9. F. nubicola
2b. Sepals reflexed from aggregate fruit.
3a. Leaflets 5; aggregate fruit ovoid .................................................................................................................. 3. F. pentaphylla
3b. Leaflets 3, or if 5 then aggregate fruit globose or ellipsoid.
4a. Aggregate fruit long conic, ovoid, or rarely fusiform; epicalyx segments oblong, apex 2- or 3-lobed;
leaflets 3 .................................................................................................................................................. 7. F. daltoniana
4b. Aggregate fruit globose or ellipsoid; epicalyx segments linear-lanceolate or linear, apex entire or
lobed; leaflets 3 or 5 ..................................................................................................................................... 8. F. gracilis
1b. Stems and petioles spreading hairy.
5a. Pedicels appressed hairy ............................................................................................................................................... 1. F. vesca
5b. Pedicels densely spreading hairy.
6a. Sepals spreading or reflexed from aggregate fruit.
7a. Leaflets 3, thin, both surfaces hairy, abaxially more densely so on veins; sepals spreading in fruit ...... 2. F. orientalis
 ROSACEAE

7b. Leaflets 5, thick, abaxially sparsely pilose, adaxially glabrous; sepals reflexed in fruit ..................... 3. F. pentaphylla
6b. Sepals appressed to aggregate fruit.
8a. Leaflets (3 or)5, thin; plants silvery hairy throughout ......................................................................... 6. F. moupinensis
8b. Leaflets 3, thick; plants brown-yellow hairy throughout.
9a. Aggregate fruit 1–1.5 cm in diam.; plants wild .............................................................................. 4. F. nilgerrensis
9b. Aggregate fruit to 3 cm in diam.; plants cultivated ......................................................................... 5. F. ×ananassa
1. Fragaria vesca Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 494. 1753. 五叶草莓 wu ye cao mei
野草莓 ye cao mei Herbs perennial, (6–)10–15 cm tall. Stems taller than
leaves, together with petioles densely spreading pilose or some-
Fragaria chinensis Losinskaja; F. concolor Kitagawa. times appressed-ascending pilose. Petiole 2–8 cm; leaf blade
Herbs perennial, 5–30 cm tall. Stems together with peti- pinnately 5-foliolate; terminal leaflet shortly petiolulate, distal
oles spreading pilose, rarely glabrescent. Petiole 3–20 cm; leaf lateral ones sessile, obovate or elliptic, 1–4 × 0.6–3 cm, base
blade 3-foliolate, rarely pinnately 5-foliolate; leaflets sessile or cuneate on terminal leaflet, oblique on lateral ones, margin
central one shortly petiolulate, abaxially greenish, adaxially acutely or obtusely incised serrate, apex rounded; proximal lat-
green, obovate, elliptic or broadly ovate, 1–5 × 0.6–4 cm, abax- eral leaflets shortly petiolulate or subsessile, much smaller than
ially pubescent or sometimes glabrescent, adaxially sparsely distal ones, 6–10 × 4–8 mm. Inflorescence corymbiform, (1
pubescent, base cuneate or broadly so, margin obtusely or or)2 or 3(or 4)-flowered, with pale brown or petiolate, leaflet-
acutely incised serrate, apex obtuse. Inflorescence corymbi- like bract at base. Flowers bisexual; pedicel 1.5–2 cm. Sepals 5,
form, 2–4(or 5)-flowered, with a greenish, subulate or petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, abaxially pubescent; epicalyx segments lan-
leafletlike bract. Pedicel 1–3 cm, appressed pilose. Sepals ceolate, occasionally 2-fid, nearly equaling but narrower than
ovate-lanceolate, apex caudate; epicalyx segments linear-lan- sepals. Petals white, suborbicular, base tapering into a short
ceolate or subulate, shorter than sepals. Petals white, obovate, claw. Stamens ca. 20, unequal. Carpels numerous. Aggregate
base tapering into a short claw. Stamens ca. 20, unequal. Car- fruit ripening red, ovoid; persistent sepals prominently reflexed.
pels numerous. Aggregate fruit ripening red, ovoid. Achenes Achenes ovoid, ca. 0.5 mm wide, rugose only at base. Fl. Apr–
ovoid, not prominently rugose. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Sep. 2n = May, fr. May–Jun. 2n = 14*.
14. ● Forests, forest clearings, scrub, mountain meadows, open grav-
els; 1000–2700 m. Chongqing, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
Forests, mountain slopes, meadows. Gansu, Guizhou, Jilin,
Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan [widely distributed in N temperate White-fruited plants from SE Xizang (Mt. Gyala Peri) were des-
zone]. cribed as Fragaria pentaphylla f. alba Staudt & Dickoré (Bot. Jahrb.
Syst. 123: 348. 2001). Fragaria tibetica Staudt & Dickoré (loc. cit.:
2. Fragaria orientalis Losinskaja, Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada SSSR 349) was described from S Xizang, extending to NW Yunnan and pos-
25: 70. 1926. sibly W Sichuan. It differs from F. pentaphylla in having unisexual
东方草莓 dong fang cao mei flowers (plants dioecious) and a tetraploid chromosome number (2n =
28). White-fruited plants from the Lancang Jiang-Nu Jiang divide in SE
Fragaria corymbosa Losinskaja; F. uniflora Losinskaja. Xizang and NW Yunnan were described as f. alba Staudt & Dickoré
(loc. cit.: 351).
Herbs perennial, 5–30 cm tall. Stems together with peti-
oles spreading pilose, more densely so in upper parts, some- 4. Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlechtendal ex J. Gay, Ann. Sci.
times glabrescent. Leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets subsessile, Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 8: 206. 1857.
abaxially greenish, adaxially green, obovate or rhombic-ovate,
黄毛草莓 huang mao cao mei
1–5 × 0.8–3.5 cm, abaxially pilose, more densely so on veins,
adaxially sparsely pilose, base cuneate on central leaflet, Herbs perennial, robust, 5–25 cm tall. Stems densely
oblique on lateral ones, margin incised serrate, apex rounded or tufted, nearly equaling leaves, together with petioles densely
acute. Inflorescence corymbiform, (1 or)2–5(or 6)-flowered, yellow-brown sericeous. Petiole 4–18 cm; leaf blade 3-folio-
with a pale green or petiolate, leafletlike bract at base. Flowers late; leaflets shortly petiolulate, abaxially pale green, adaxially
bisexual, rarely unisexual, 1–1.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 0.5–1.5 dark green, obovate or elliptic, 1–4.5 × 0.8–3 cm, thick, abax-
cm, spreading pilose. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, apex caudate; ially yellow-brown sericeous or waxy white papillate, adaxially
epicalyx segments linear-lanceolate, occasionally 2-fid. Petals sparsely pubescent, base cuneate on central leaflet, oblique on
white, suborbicular, base tapering into a short claw. Stamens lateral ones, margin obtusely or acutely incised serrate, apex
18–22, subequal. Carpels numerous. Aggregate fruit ripening rounded. Inflorescence cymose, (1 or)2–5(or 6)-flowered,
purple, hemispheric; persistent sepals spreading or slightly proximally with a petiolate, 1- or 3-foliolate bract. Flowers bi-
reflexed. Achenes ovoid, ca. 0.5 mm wide, prominently rugose sexual, 1–2 cm in diam. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, as broad as or
or only so at base. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 28. broader than epicalyx segments; epicalyx segments lanceolate,
margin entire or 2-fid. Petals white, rarely reddish purple at
Forests, meadows on mountain slopes; 600–4000 m. Gansu,
base, orbicular, rarely obovate or broadly so, base tapering into
Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi,
a short claw. Stamens ca. 20, unequal. Aggregate fruit ripen-
Shanxi [Korea, Mongolia, E Russia].
ing white, tinged yellow or red, globose; persistent sepals
3. Fragaria pentaphylla Losinskaja, Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada erect, appressed to aggregate fruit. Achenes ovoid, glabrous. Fl.
SSSR 25: 69. 1926. Apr–Jul, fr. Jun–Aug. 2n = 14.
 ROSACEAE

Valley forests, forest margins, thickets, meadows on mountain clawed. Stamens ca. 20, unequal. Carpels numerous. Aggregate
slopes, valleys; 700–3000 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Si- fruit ripening red, large, to 3 cm in diam.; persistent sepals
chuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [E India, Nepal, Sikkim, N Vietnam]. erect, appressed to aggregate fruit. Achenes acutely ovoid, gla-
1a. Leaves abaxially yellow-brown sericeous, brous. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul.
not papillate, hairs dense and long on Cultivated throughout China [of cultivated origin].
veins .................................................... 4a. var. nilgerrensis
1b. Leaves abaxially waxy white papillate ....... 4b. var. mairei Fragaria ×ananassa is a hybrid originally produced in cultivation
between F. chiloensis (Linnaeus) Miller, native to W North and South
4a. Fragaria nilgerrensis var. nilgerrensis America, and F. virginiana Miller, native to E North America.

黄毛草莓(原变种) huang mao cao mei (yuan bian zhong) 6. Fragaria moupinensis (Franchet) Cardot, Bull. Mus. Natl.
Hist. Nat. 22: 397. 1916.
Fragaria hayatae Makino; F. nilgerrensis subsp. hayatae
(Makino) Staudt; F. vesca Linnaeus var. minor Hayata. 西南草莓 xi nan cao mei

Leaves abaxially yellow-brown sericeous, not papillate, Potentilla moupinensis Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist.
hairs dense and long on veins. Nat., sér. 2, 7: 222. 1886.

Valley forests, meadows on mountain slopes; 700–3000 m. Gui- Herbs perennial, 5–15 cm tall. Stems spreading white seri-
zhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [E India, Ne- ceous. Leaf blade (3 or)5-foliolate; leaflets shortly petiolulate or
pal, Sikkim, N Vietnam]. sessile, obovate or elliptic, 0.7–4 × 0.6–2.5 cm, abaxially white
sericeous, adaxially pilose, base cuneate on terminal leaflet,
Two of us (Ikeda and Ohba) believe that the plants from Taiwan
should be separated as Fragaria hayatae (Makino, Bot Mag. (Tokyo)
oblique on lateral ones, margin incised serrate, apex rounded.
26: 285. 1912; F. nilgerrensis subsp. hayatae; F. vesca var. minor), Inflorescence corymbiform, 1–4-flowered, with a green, leaflet-
which differs from F. nilgerrensis in having 1(–3)-flowered inflores- like bract at base. Flowers bisexual, 1–2 cm in diam.; pedicel 2–
cences and petals obovate to broadly so, white with a reddish purple 8 cm, spreading (rarely appressed) white hairy. Sepals ovate-
base; F. nilgerrensis, on the other hand, has (1 or)2–5(or 6)-flowered in- lanceolate; epicalyx segments lanceolate or linear-lanceolate.
florescences and petals orbicular, white throughout. Petals white, obovate or suborbicular, base tapering into a short
claw. Stamens 20–34, unequal. Aggregate fruit ellipsoid or
4b. Fragaria nilgerrensis var. mairei (H. Léveillé) Handel-
ovoid; persistent sepals erect, appressed to aggregate fruit.
Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 507. 1933.
Achenes ovoid, inconspicuously rugose. Fl. May–Jul(–Aug), fr.
粉叶黄毛草莓 fen ye huang mao cao mei Jun–Jul. 2n = 28*.
Fragaria mairei H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni ● Forests, meadows, mountain slopes; 1400–4000 m. Gansu,
Veg. 11: 300. 1912. Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.

Leaves abaxially waxy white papillate. 7. Fragaria daltoniana J. Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 8:
204. 1857.
● Forest margins, thickets, meadows on mountain slopes, valleys;
800–2700 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan. 裂萼草莓 lie e cao mei
5. Fragaria ×ananassa (Weston) Duchesne in Lamarck, En- Fragaria sikkimensis Kurz.
cycl. 2: 538. 1788.
Herbs perennial, 4–6 cm tall. Stems slender, subglabrous
草莓 cao mei or sparsely appressed pilose. Petiole appressed pilose; leaf
blade 3-foliolate; leaflets shortly petiolulate, abaxially greenish,
Fragaria chiloensis (Linnaeus) Miller var. ananassa adaxially dark green, oblong or ovate, 1–2.5 × 0.6–1.5 cm,
Weston, Bot. Univ. 2: 329. 1771; F. ×grandiflora Ehrhart abaxially appressed pilose along midvein and lateral veins,
(1792), not (Linnaeus) Crantz (1766); F. vesca Linnaeus var. adaxially subglabrous, base cuneate or oblique, margin incised
sativa Linnaeus. serrate, apex rounded or acute. Flower solitary, axillary; pedicel
Herbs perennial, 10–40 cm tall. Stems shorter than or 2–5 cm, appressed pilose. Sepals ovate, abaxially sparsely ap-
equaling leaves, densely spreading yellow villous. Petiole 2–10 pressed pilose, apex shortly caudate; epicalyx segments oblong,
cm; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets shortly petiolulate, abaxially nearly equaling sepals, apex 2- or 3-lobed. Petals white, sub-
pale green, adaxially dark green, obovate or rhombic, rarely orbicular. Stamens and carpels numerous, inserted on convex,
suborbicular, 3–7 × 2–6 cm, thick, abaxially sparsely hairy, pulpy receptacle. Aggregate fruit ripening red, long conic,
more densely so on veins, adaxially subglabrous, base broadly ovoid, or rarely fusiform, 0.7–2.5 × 0.5–1 cm; persistent sepals
cuneate on central leaflet, oblique on lateral ones, margin acute- spreading. Achenes glabrous. 2n = 14.
ly incised serrate, apex rounded. Inflorescence cymose, 5–15- Thickets, meadows on mountain summits; 3300–5000 m. Xizang
flowered, proximally with a shortly petiolate, leafletlike bract. [Bhutan, NW India, N Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim].
Flowers bisexual, 1.5–2 cm in diam. Sepals ovate, slightly long-
8. Fragaria gracilis Losinskaja, Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada SSSR
er than epicalyx segments; epicalyx segments elliptic-lanceo-
25: 63. 1926.
late, enlarged in fruit, margin entire, rarely 2-parted. Petals
white, suborbicular or obovate-elliptic, base not prominently 纤细草莓 xian xi cao mei
 ROSACEAE

Herbs perennial, 5–20 cm tall. Stems slender, appressed Fragaria vesca Linnaeus var. nubicola J. D. Hooker, Fl.
pilose. Leaf blade 3-foliolate or pinnately 5-foliolate; leaflets Brit. India 2: 344. 1878.
sessile or terminal one shortly petiolulate, elliptic, long elliptic,
or obovate-elliptic, 1.5–5 × 0.8–3 cm, abaxially appressed pu- Herbs perennial, 4–25 cm tall. Stems appressed white seri-
bescent with hairs dense and long on veins, adaxially pilose, ceous. Petiole appressed (rarely spreading) white sericeous; leaf
base cuneate or oblique, margin incised serrate, apex rounded blade 3-foliolate; leaflets shortly petiolulate or sessile, elliptic
or acute. Inflorescence corymbiform, 1–3(or 4)-flowered. Flow- or obovate, 1–6 × 0.5–3 cm, abaxially appressed white serice-
ers 1–2 cm in diam.; pedicel appressed pubescent. Sepals ovate- ous, sparsely so between veins, adaxially appressed pilose, base
lanceolate, apex caudate; epicalyx segments linear-lanceolate or broadly cuneate or rounded, margin sharply incised serrate,
linear, equaling sepals, margin entire or lobed. Petals suborbic- apex obtuse. Inflorescence 1- to several flowered. Pedicel ap-
ular, base tapering into a short claw. Stamens ca. 20, unequal. pressed white sericeous. Sepals ovate-lanceolate or ovate-ob-
Aggregate fruit globose or ellipsoid; persistent sepals markedly long, apex acuminate; epicalyx segments lanceolate, abaxially
reflexed. Achenes ovoid, glabrous, inconspicuously rugose at sparsely villous, margin entire, rarely dentate, apex acuminate.
base. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Jun–Aug. Petals obovate-elliptic. Stamens ca. 20. Carpels numerous. Ag-
gregate fruit ovoid; persistent sepals appressed to aggregate
● Valley forests, meadows on mountain slopes; 1600–3900 m.
fruit. Achenes ovoid, glabrous or rugose. Fl. and fr. May–Aug.
Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
2n = 14.
9. Fragaria nubicola (J. D. Hooker) Lindley ex Lacaita, J.
Valley forests, forest margins, meadows on mountain slopes;
Linn. Soc., Bot. 43: 476. 1916.
2500–3900 m. Xizang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, Kashmir, Myanmar, Ne-
西藏草莓 xi zang cao mei pal, Pakistan, Sikkim].

40. DUCHESNEA Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 372. 1811.
蛇莓属 she mei shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba
Herbs perennial. Rhizome short. Stolons procumbent, long, filiform, bearing adventitious roots and forming plantlets at nodes.
Radical leaves several, stolon leaves alternate, long petiolate; stipules paired, adnate to base of petiole, persistent; leaf blade 3-folio-
late; leaflets dentate at margin. Inflorescence axillary, ebracteate, a solitary flower. Sepals 5, persistent; epicalyx segments 5, larger
than and alternating with sepals, margin incised. Petals 5, yellow, obovate. Stamens numerous; anthers subglobose. Carpels numer-
ous, free, inserted on convex receptacle; style adaxial or subterminal, deciduous; stigma entire. Aggregate fruit formed from enlarged
receptacle, hemispheric or turbinate, fleshy. Achenes seated on surface of aggregate fruit, compressed ovoid, minute. Seed reniform,
smooth. x = 7.
Two species: Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Sikkim; naturalized in Africa, Europe, and North
America; two species in China.

1a. Leaflets 2–3.5 cm, rarely smaller or larger; flowers 1.5–2.5 cm in diam., rarely smaller; aggregate fruit ripening red,
shining, 1–2 cm in diam.; achenes shining when fresh, glabrous or inconspicuously papillate ...................................... 1. D. indica
1b. Leaflets 1.5–2.5 cm; flowers 0.5–1.5 cm in diam.; aggregate fruit ripening pale pink, not shining, 0.8–1.2 cm in
diam.; achenes not shining when fresh, rugose ......................................................................................................... 2. D. chrysantha
1. Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke in Engler & Prantl, Nat. India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Sikkim; naturalized in Africa,
Pflanzenfam. 3(3): 33. 1888. Europe, and North America].

蛇莓 she mei 1a. Leaflets 2–3.5(–5) × 1–3 cm, both surfaces

together with petiole pilose or adaxially
Herbs perennial. Rhizome robust, short. Stolons 30–100
glabrous; flowers 1.5–2.5 cm in diam.,
cm, together with petioles and pedicels spreading hairy or
pedicel 3–6 cm, pilose .................................. 1a. var. indica
densely villous. Stipules narrowly ovate to broadly lanceolate,
1b. Leaflets to 1 cm, abaxially together with
5–8 mm; petiole 1–5 cm; leaflets petiolulate, obovate to rhom-
petiole densely villous; flowers to 1 cm
bic-oblong, 1–5 × 1–3 cm, both surfaces hairy, or adaxially
in diam., pedicel 0.5–1.5 cm, densely
glabrous or densely villous, margin obtusely serrate, apex
villous ................................................. 1b. var. microphylla
rounded. Flowers 1–2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 0.2–6 cm, pilose
or densely villous. Sepals ovate, apex acute; epicalyx segments 1a. Duchesnea indica var. indica
obovate, longer than sepals, apex usually 3–5-serrate. Petals
rounded at apex. Stamens 20–30. Carpels numerous, free. 蛇莓(原变种) she mei (yuan bian zhong)
Aggregate fruit ripening red, shining, 1–2 cm in diam., spongy.
Fragaria indica Andrews, Bot. Repos. 7: t. 479. 1807;
Achenes shining when fresh, ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous or
Duchesnea indica var. major Makino; Potentilla indica (An-
inconspicuously papillate. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct.
drews) Th. Wolf.
Mountain slopes, meadows, river banks, wet places, ravines, field
margins; below 3100 m. Provinces S of Liaoning [Afghanistan, Bhutan, Leaflets 2–3.5(–5) × 1–3 cm, both surfaces together with
 ROSACEAE

petiole pilose or adaxially glabrous. Flowers 1.5–2.5 cm in (Seringe) Nakai ex H. Hara; F. indica Andrews var. wallichii
diam.; pedicel 3–6 cm, pilose. 2n = 84. Franchet & Savatier; Potentilla indica (Andrews) Th. Wolf var.
Mountain slopes, meadows, river banks, wet places; below 1800
wallichii (Franchet & Savatier) Th. Wolf; P. wallichiana
m. Provinces S of Liaoning [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Seringe.
Japan, Korea, Nepal, Sikkim; naturalized in Africa, Europe, and North Herbs perennial. Stolons 30–50 cm, together with stipules
America].
and petioles pilose. Stipules lanceolate, 2–3 mm; petiole 1.5–3
This variety is used medicinally. cm; leaflets petiolulate, rhombic, obovate, or ovate, 1.5–2.5 ×
1b. Duchesnea indica var. microphylla T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, 1–2 cm, abaxially sparsely villous, adaxially subglabrous, base
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 500. 1980. cuneate, margin obtusely or acutely serrate, but entire near base,
apex rounded, sometimes mucronate; lateral leaflets sometimes
小叶蛇莓 xiao ye she mei 2- or 3-fid. Flowers 0.5–1.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 2–3 cm. Se-
Leaflets to 1 cm, abaxially together with petiole densely pals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3–5 mm, abaxially villous, mar-
villous. Flowers to 1 cm in diam.; pedicel 0.5–1.5 cm, densely gin ciliate, apex acuminate; epicalyx segments triangular-
villous. obovate, 3–7 mm, abaxially sparsely villous, apex 3–5-ser-
rate. Petals 2.5–5 mm, glabrous, apex emarginate or rounded.
● Ravines, field margins; 2500–3100 m. Xizang.
Aggregate fruit ripening pale pink, not shining, 0.8–1.2 cm in
2. Duchesnea chrysantha (Zollinger & Moritzi) Miquel, Fl. diam. Achenes red, not shining when fresh, ovoid, 4–6 mm,
Ned. Ind. 1: 372. 1855. rugose. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jun–Sep. 2n = 14.
皱果蛇莓 zhou guo she mei Meadows. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tai-
wan, Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia].
Fragaria chrysantha Zollinger & Moritzi, Syst. Verz. 7.
1846; Duchesnea formosana Odashima; D. wallichiana This species is used medicinally.

41. ROSA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 491. 1753.

蔷薇属 qiang wei shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Kenneth R. Robertson
Shrubs, erect, diffuse, or climbing, mostly prickly, bristly, or rarely unarmed, pubescent, glandular pubescent, or glabrous.
Leaves alternate, odd pinnate, rarely simple; stipules adnate or inserted at petiole, rarely absent. Flowers solitary or in a corymb,
rarely in a compound corymb or a panicle; bracts solitary, several, or absent. Hypanthium globose, urceolate, or cupular, constricted
at neck. Sepals 5, rarely 4, quincuncial: 2 outer, 2 inner, and 1 middle, margin entire or variously pinnately lobed. Petals 5, rarely 4,
imbricate, white, yellow, pink, or red; disk inserted at mouth of hypanthium. Stamens numerous, in several whorls, inserted at disk.
Carpels free, numerous, rarely few, inserted at margin or base of hypanthium, not or rarely stalked; ovule pendulous; styles terminal
or lateral, exserted or not, free or connate at upper part. Fruit a hip, formed from fleshy hypanthium. Achenes numerous, rarely few,
on adaxial surface of fleshy hypanthium, woody. Seed pendulous. x = 7.
About 200 species: widely distributed from subtropical to cold-temperate regions; 95 species (65 endemic) in China.

The following three species require further study. We are unable to treat them in this account because we have seen no specimens. Rosa
atroglandulosa C. K. Schneider (Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 64: 75. 1917), described from Sichuan; R. beauvaisii Cardot (Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 261.
1916), described from N Vietnam, also reported for SW Guangxi (Longzhou Xian) (Kai Larsen, pers. comm.); and R. tunquinensis Crépin (Bull. Soc.
Roy. Bot. Belgique 25(2): 192. 1886), described from N Vietnam and China, also reported for Laos (Kai Larsen, pers. comm.).

Several species and hybrids are cultivated in China. The following occur in addition to those mentioned below: Rosa ×alba Linnaeus (of uncer-
tain parentage), R. centifolia Linnaeus, R. damascena Miller, R. ×fortuneana Lindley (probably R. banksiae × R. laevigata), and R. gallica Linnaeus.

Key based mainly on fertile characters

1a. Leaves simple, exstipulate; flower solitary; petals yellow (1. R. subgen. Hulthemia) ............................................ 1. R. berberifolia
1b. Leaves compound, stipulate; flowers solitary to many; petals various shades of white, yellow, pink, or red
(2. R. subgen. Rosa).
2a. Hypanthium depressed-globose; achenes inserted at projecting torus at base of hypanthium; styles free, not
exserted (8. R. sect. Microphyllae).
3a. Leaflets pubescent on both surfaces; sepals entire; petals red; flowers 8–9 cm in diam. ................................ 95. R. praelucens
3b. Leaflets glabrous; sepals pinnately lobed; petals reddish, pink, or white; flowers 2.5–6 cm in diam.
4a. Petals reddish or pink; flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 and fasciculate, 4–6 cm in diam. ..................................... 93. R. roxburghii
4b. Petals white; flowers 7–17 in corymb, 2.5–3 cm in diam. ...................................................................... 94. R. kweichowensis
2b. Hypanthium globose to urceolate, rarely depressed-globose; achenes inserted at walls and flat base of
hypanthium; styles free or connate into a column, exserted or not.
5a. Stipules free or nearly free from petioles, caducous.
 ROSACEAE

6a. Branchlets tomentose; leaflets (5–)7–9, stipules pectinate; flower solitary, or 2 or 3 and fasciculate, with
large pectinate bracts; styles slightly exserted (7. R. sect. Bracteatae) ........................................................... 92. R. bracteata
6b. Branchlets glabrous; leaflets 3–5, stipules dentate or subulate; flowers solitary or numerous, with smaller
bracts; styles not exserted.
7a. Pedicel and hypanthium densely glandular bristly; flowers large, solitary; petals white; stipules dentate
(6. R. sect. Laevigatae) ................................................................................................................................... 91. R. laevigata
7b. Pedicel and hypanthium not glandular bristly; flowers small, numerous in corymb; petals yellow or
white; stipules subulate (5. R. sect. Banksianae).
8a. Flowers in simple umbels or corymbs; sepals entire ................................................................................. 89. R. banksiae
8b. Flowers in compound corymbs; sepals pinnately lobed ............................................................................... 90. R. cymosa
5b. Stipules adnate to petioles, persistent.
9a. Styles exserted, free or connate into a column, slightly shorter than or nearly equaling stamens.
10a. Styles free, slightly shorter than stamens; leaflets often 3–5 (3. R. sect. Chinenses).
11a. Shrub; leaflets 3–5; stipules glandular pubescent at margin; flowers 4 or 5, rarely solitary, slightly
fragrant or not; sepals often pinnately lobed; hip ovoid or pyriform ...................................................... 56. R. chinensis
11b. Liana; stipules not glandular or only glandular at margin of free part; flowers 1–3, fragrant; sepals
entire or slightly incised; hip depressed globose, pyriform, or obovoid.
12a. Branchlets sparsely hooked prickly; leaflets 5–9; petals pinkish, yellow, or white; flowers 1–3,
5–10 cm in diam., very fragrant; hip depressed globose ........................................................................ 57. R. odorata
12b. Branchlets prickly, setose; leaflets 3(–5); petals purple-red; flower solitary, 3–3.5 cm in diam.;
hip pyriform or obovoid .................................................................................................................... 58. R. lucidissima
10b. Styles connate into a column, nearly equaling stamens; leaflets 5–9 (4. R. sect. Synstylae).
13a. Stipules pectinate or irregularly serrate at margin.
14a. Leaflets 3 or 5(or 7).
15a. Leaflets usually 3, ovate-lanceolate; petals pink ....................................................................... 73. R. anemoniflora
15b. Leaflets usually 5, rarely 3 or 7; petals white.
16a. Leaflets 4–8 × 1.5–3 cm; flowers 2.5–3.5 cm in diam. .............................................................. 67. R. sambucina
16b. Leaflets 1.5–3.6 × 0.8–1.5 cm; flowers ca. 2.5 cm in diam. ..................................................... 68. R. taiwanensis
14b. Leaflets (5 or)7 or 9.
17a. Stipules pectinate at margin.
18a. Styles and leaflets densely pubescent ..................................................................................... 63. R. kunmingensis
18b. Styles glabrous; leaflets pubescent on both surfaces or only abaxially sparsely pubescent
or subglabrous.
19a. Flower solitary; leaflets not exceeding 1 cm, both surfaces pubescent ................................... 62. R. uniflorella
19b. Flowers numerous in panicle; leaflets (1.3–)1.5–5 cm, only abaxially sparsely pubescent
or subglabrous.
20a. Leaflets doubly serrate at margin; sepals pinnately lobed, lobules linear, abaxially
glandular pubescent ........................................................................................................... 61. R. daishanensis
20b. Leaflets usually simply serrate at margin; sepals 2-lobed usually at middle part,
abaxially glabrous.
21a. Leaflets 7 or 9, rhomboid-elliptic, base cuneate, margin deeply serrate; sepals entire
at margin ...................................................................................................................... 59. R. langyashanica
21b. Leaflets 5–9, obovate, oblong, or ovate, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin
shallowly serrate; sepals usually 2-lobed, sometimes entire at margin .............................. 60. R. multiflora
17b. Stipules irregularly serrate, rarely pectinate at margin.
22a. Leaflets abaxially densely villous; styles pubescent.
23a. Petals white; flowers 1.5–3 cm in diam., in corymb; pedicel and hypanthium densely
pubescent and glandular pubescent; leaflets adaxially pubescent along veins ............... 64. R. kwangtungensis
23b. Petals pink; flowers 2.5–3 cm in diam., in umbel-like corymb; pedicel and hypanthium
glabrous or sparsely glandular pubescent; leaflets adaxially glabrous ............................... 65. R. lichiangensis
22b. Leaflets abaxially glabrous or subglabrous; styles pubescent or not.
24a. Styles glabrous ............................................................................................................... 72. R. maximowicziana
24b. Styles pubescent.
25a. Flowers double, numerous in panicle ...................................................................................... 71. R. miyiensis
25b. Flowers with 5 petals, usually numerous in corymbs.
26a. Shrub prostrate, sprawling, or procumbent; pedicel and hypanthium glabrous ...................... 70. R. luciae
26b. Shrub erect; pedicel and hypanthium glandular and sparsely pubescent ................................. 69. R. pricei
13b. Stipules entire at margin, often glandular pubescent.
27a. Leaflets pubescent on both surfaces or only abaxially.
 ROSACEAE

28a. Leaflets thicker in texture, adaxially rugose, abaxially densely gray-white pubescent, with
prominent veins ............................................................................................................................... 75. R. glomerata
28b. Leaflets thinner in texture, adaxially not rugose, abaxially sparsely pubescent or along veins
more densely pubescent.
29a. Leaflets usually 5; sepals usually entire ............................................................................................... 76. R. rubus
29b. Leaflets 7–9, often fewer just below inflorescence; sepals often with lateral lobes.
30a. Inflorescences umbel-like ............................................................................................................. 77. R. helenae
30b. Inflorescences compound corymbs ............................................................................................. 74. R. brunonii
27b. Leaflets glabrous or sparsely pubescent abaxially along veins.
31a. Leaflets leathery, lucid, abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent; petals abaxially sericeous.
32a. Leaflets 5–9, 3–7 × 1–3.5 cm; sepals 0.8–1.2 cm, both surfaces glandular pubescent;
flowers in corymb ...................................................................................................................... 78. R. longicuspis
32b. Leaflets 3–5, 7–12 × 3–6 cm; sepals 1.5–2 cm, both surfaces densely whitish tomentose,
not glandular; flowers in compound corymb ............................................................................. 79. R. lasiosepala
31b. Leaflets not leathery, not lucid; petals abaxially glabrous.
33a. Leaflets 3–5.
34a. Leaflets 3.5–9 cm, abaxially not glandular, margin simply serrate ............................................... 86. R. henryi
34b. Leaflets smaller, less than 2.5 cm, abaxially glandular, margin doubly serrate.
35a. Leaflets 8–15 mm, apex rounded-obtuse or truncate; flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 and
fasciculate ............................................................................................................................... 87. R. duplicata
35b. Leaflets larger, 12–25 mm, apex acute or shortly acuminate; flowers 5–10, in corymb ..... 88. R. weisiensis
33b. Leaflets (5–)7(–9).
36a. Leaflets abaxially glandular, larger.
37a. Leaflets obovate, 7–10 × 5–8 mm, margin doubly serrate, teeth apically glandular .......... 80. R. deqenensis
37b. Leaflets ovate, elliptic, or ovate-oblong, larger, margin simply serrate, teeth not apically
glandular.
38a. Leaflets oblong-ovate or lanceolate, 4–7 cm; pedicel 2–3 cm ................................................. 81. R. filipes
38b. Leaflets elliptic or ovate, 3–6 cm; pedicel 1.5–1.8 cm .................................................... 82. R. ludingensis
36b. Leaflets abaxially not glandular, smaller.
39a. Leaflets 5(or 7); styles glabrous ......................................................................................... 83. R. derongensis
39b. Leaflets usually 7; styles pubescent.
40a. Pedicel longer, 2–2.5 cm, and hypanthium, sepals abaxially glandular ................ 84. R. shangchengensis
40b. Pedicel shorter, not exceeding 1 cm, and hypanthium, sepals usually glabrous,
occasionally glandular ......................................................................................................... 85. R. soulieana
9b. Styles free, not exserted or only slightly so, shorter than stamens.
41a. Flowers solitary, rarely several, ebracteate (1. R. sect. Pimpinellifoliae).
42a. Sepals and petals 5.
43a. Flowering branches densely bristly and prickly, rarely without bristles.
44a. Leaflets doubly serrate at margin, glandular abaxially ....................................................................... 5. R. kokanica
44b. Leaflets simply serrate at margin, or both simply serrate and doubly serrate on same plant, not
glandular punctate abaxially.
45a. Leaflets 7–11(–15), elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or oblong-elliptic ...................................................... 4. R. koreana
45b. Leaflets 7–9, rarely 5 or 11, oblong, oblong-ovate, suborbicular, ovate, or elliptic.
46a. Leaflets oblong, oblong-ovate, or suborbicular, 1–2.2 cm; flowers 2–6 cm in diam.; hip
black or dark brown, subglobose ............................................................................................ 2. R. spinosissima
46b. Leaflets ovate or elliptic, 5–18 mm; flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam.; hip deep red, ellipsoid or
ovoid-oblong ..................................................................................................................................... 3. R. farreri
43b. Flowering branches only prickly, rarely bristly.
47a. Petals white, pinkish, or red.
48a. Leaflets 3–7, elliptic or oblong, margin simply serrate; stipules lanceolate, filiform
dissected, glandular dentate; petals white; flowers 1.8–2.5 cm in diam.; sepals ovate;
pedicel ca. 1.5 cm, glandular or not ............................................................................... 66. R. transmorrisonensis
48b. Leaflets 9–13, ovate or elliptic, margin doubly serrate; stipules broadly oblanceolate,
glandular pubescent; petals pink or white; flowers 2.5–4 cm in diam.; sepals ovate-
lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate; pedicel 1.5–3 cm, glandular pubescent or glabrous.
49a. Leaflets (7–)9–11; petals pink or red; pedicel glandular pubescent or glabrous ................... 11. R. graciliflora
49b. Leaflets 11–13; petals white; pedicel glabrous, but sparsely glandular pubescent ............ 12. R. tsinglingensis
47b. Petals yellow.
50a. Leaflets doubly serrate, abaxially glandular.
 ROSACEAE

51a. Leaflets 9–15, rarely 7, elliptic, elliptic-ovate, or long elliptic, abaxially glabrous; petals
yellowish or yellow-white; flowers 2.5–4 cm in diam.; sepals apically acuminate ...................... 9. R. primula
51b. Leaflets 5–9, rarely 11, broadly ovate or obovate, abaxially pubescent; petals yellow; flowers
double, 4–6.5 cm in diam.; sepals leaflike ..................................................................................... 10. R. foetida
50b. Leaflets simply serrate, abaxially not glandular.
52a. Leaflets 5–9, suborbicular, obovate, or elliptic, glabrous, margin serrate at upper part,
entire near base ........................................................................................................................ 6. R. platyacantha
52b. Leaflets 5–13, ovate, elliptic, obovate, or suborbicular, pubescent or glabrous, margin
serrate from base to apex.
53a. Leaflets ovate, elliptic, or obovate, glabrous, margin acutely serrate or entire; flowers 4–5.5
cm in diam.; branches sometimes bristly at base ........................................................................ 7. R. hugonis
53b. Leaflets broadly ovate or suborbicular, rarely elliptic, abaxially sparsely pubescent, margin
obtusely serrate or crenate; flowers 3–4(–5) cm in diam.; branches not bristly at base ........... 8. R. xanthina
42b. Sepals and petals 4.
54a. Leaflets abaxially glandular or at least margin doubly glandular serrate.
55a. Leaflets oblong or obovate, abaxially glandular, adaxially glabrous or pilose; hip subglobose,
abaxially glandular ........................................................................................................................ 18. R. sikangensis
55b. Leaflets obovate, adaxially densely pubescent, abaxially glabrous, glandular only along
veins; hip obovoid, abaxially not glandular ............................................................................ 19. R. zhongdianensis
54b. Leaflets abaxially not glandular, margin simply serrate.
56a. Fruiting pedicel turgid.
57a. Leaflets 7–9(–13), oblong or oblong-obovate, abaxially glabrous, shortly bristly, margin
only near apex serrate; petals yellowish; hip orange-yellow, obconic ........................................ 13. R. taronensis
57b. Leaflets 9–17, oblong or elliptic-oblong, abaxially glabrous or puberulous along midvein,
margin serrate from base to apex; petals white; hip red or yellow, obovoid or pyriform ........... 14. R. omeiensis
56b. Fruiting pedicel not turgid.
58a. Leaflets glabrous on both surfaces, 7–11, oblong or broadly obovate; hip pyriform or
obovoid ................................................................................................................................... 15. R. morrisonensis
58b. Leaflets abaxially densely pubescent, 5–13, ovate, obovate, or oblong-obovate; hip globose,
obovoid, or obovoid-globose.
59a. Leaflets 7–11(–13), ovate, obovate, or obovate-oblong, adaxially glabrous, abaxially
sericeous; hip globose or obovoid, 8–15 mm in diam. ................................................................. 16. R. sericea
59b. Leaflets 5–9(–11), oblong-obovate, both surfaces sericeous; hip obovoid-globose, ca. 1 cm in
diam. ................................................................................................................................................ 17. R. mairei
41b. Flowers numerous in corymb or solitary, bracteate (2. R. sect. Cinnamomeae).
60a. Apical part of hypanthium with sepals, disk, and styles deciduous at fruit ripening.
61a. Prickles hooked; flowers numerous in corymb or panicle; hip globose .......................................... 20. R. beggeriana
61b. Prickles straight; flowers 1–4; hip subglobose, pyriform, or ellipsoid.
62a. Branchlets often prickly and setose; leaflets abaxially pubescent; petals white ................................. 21. R. albertii
62b. Branchlets usually only prickly, rarely setose; leaflets abaxially glabrous or pubescent along veins;
petals purple-red or pink.
63a. Leaflets 7–15, oblong or elliptic, abaxially along veins pubescent, margin usually simply serrate;
hip ovoid or ellipsoid .......................................................................................................................... 22. R. prattii
63b. Leaflets 7–9, elliptic, obovate, or suborbicular, abaxially glabrous, margin usually simple
serrate or doubly serrate at upper part; hip subglobose .............................................................. 23. R. willmottiae
60b. Apical part of hypanthium and sepals, disk, and styles not deciduous at fruit ripening.
64a. Leaflets ca. 1.5 cm or less, apex usually obtuse; flowers solitary or a few in corymb.
65a. Bracteoles 2 or 3 or more, suborbicular, ovate, or broadly ovate, apex rounded-obtuse or acute.
66a. Leaflets doubly serrate at margin; bracteoles suborbicular or ovate.
67a. Sepals pinnately lobed; leaflets usually 5, rarely 7, abaxially densely glandular
pubescent .............................................................................................................................. 45. R. pinnatisepala
67b. Sepals undivided; leaflets 5–7, rarely 9, abaxially sparsely puberulous or glandular
pubescent .................................................................................................................................. 46. R. forrestiana
66b. Leaflets simply serrate at margin; bracteoles ovate or broadly ovate.
68a. Flowers in corymb or panicle, 3–5 cm in diam.; leaflets 7–9 ........................................... 47. R. multibracteata
68b. Flower solitary, 2–2.5 cm in diam.; leaflets usually 5, rarely 3 or 7 .................................... 48. R. calyptopoda
65b. Bracteoles usually 1, rarely 2, ovate, apex shortly acuminate.
69a. Pedicel shorter, 8–15 mm; leaflets abaxially puberulous or sparsely pubescent.
 ROSACEAE

70a. Leaflets usually 7–9, suborbicular, obovate, or elliptic, abaxially puberulous, margin acutely
serrate; petals pink; pedicel glandular pubescent .......................................................................... 51. R. giraldii
70b. Leaflets 3–5(–7), abaxially sparsely pubescent, margin obtusely serrate; petals white or pink;
pedicel glandular pubescent or not.
71a. Leaflets rhomboid-ovate or oblong, abaxially sparsely pubescent, margin obtusely
serrate or crenate; petals white, before anthesis pink; pedicel not glandular
pubescent ...................................................................................................................... 49. R. pseudobanksiae
71b. Leaflets ovate or ovate-elliptic, abaxially sparsely pubescent and densely glandular;
petals pink; pedicel glandular pubescent ....................................................................... 50. R. baiyushanensis
69b. Pedicel longer, 15–30 mm; leaflets glabrous or abaxially along veins pubescent.
72a. Leaflets abaxially glandular punctate, 5–7, oblong, margin doubly serrate; petals white;
flower solitary, 3.5–4 cm in diam.; hip ovoid, glabrous ............................................................... 55. R. tibetica
72b. Leaflets abaxially not glandular punctate, 5–11, elliptic to obovate or suborbicular, margin
simply serrate; petals pink, purple-red, or white; flowers 1 to several, 2–5 cm in diam.; hip
subglobose or ovoid.
73a. Leaflets 7–15, broadly elliptic or ovate-elliptic, glabrous; petals pink or purple-red; flowers
1–3, 2–3.5 cm in diam. ................................................................................................................ 52. R. sertata
73b. Leaflets 5–9, suborbicular, obovate, or broadly elliptic; petals pinkish or white; flowers
1–4, 3–5 cm in diam.
74a. Petals pinkish; flowers 3.5–5 cm in diam.; hip subglobose or ovoid, glabrous, rarely
glandular punctate; leaflets abaxially often pubescent ....................................................... 53. R. webbiana
74b. Petals white; flowers 3–4 cm in diam.; hip oblong or ovoid, densely glandular
pubescent; leaflets glabrous ....................................................................................... 54. R. fedtschenkoana
64b. Leaflets 1.5–7 cm, apex usually acute; flowers numerous, rarely a few in corymb, rarely solitary.
75a. Flowers numerous in corymb.
76a. Sepals pinnately lobed; leaflets 5–9, abaxially often glandular, glabrous or pubescent along
veins, margin often glandular and doubly serrate ........................................................................... 24. R. setipoda
76b. Sepals undivided; leaflets 3–11, abaxially puberulous, subglabrous or glabrous, margin simply
serrate, or simple and doubly serrate.
77a. Branchlets prickly and setose; leaflets 7–9, abaxially puberulous, margin simply serrate;
petals red; flowers in corymb .................................................................................................... 42. R. persetosa
77b. Branchlets usually only prickly, sometimes nearly not prickly; leaflets 3–11, abaxially
pubescent, subglabrous, or glabrous, margin simple and/or doubly serrate; petals pink
or red; flowers in umbel or corymb.
78a. Leaflets 3–5(–7), abaxially pubescent or glabrous, margin doubly serrate, or both simple
and doubly serrate .............................................................................................................. 25. R. corymbulosa
78b. Leaflets 7–11, abaxially glabrous, subglabrous, or densely pubescent, margin entire below
middle or serrate.
79a. Leaflets abaxially glabrous or subglabrous; petals red.
80a. Leaflets 3–10 cm, margin serrate from base to apex; pedicel 1.5–4 cm, densely
glandular pubescent, rarely glabrous; flowers 3.5–6 cm in diam. ..................................... 26. R. caudata
80b. Leaflets 1–2.5 cm, margin entire below middle; pedicel 1.5–3 cm, glabrous or sparsely
glandular pubescent; flowers 2–3.5 cm in diam. .................................................................. 52. R. sertata
79b. Leaflets abaxially densely pubescent, at least along veins pubescent; petals pink.
81a. Styles exserted, slightly shorter than stamens; receptacle glandular pubescent, or
sometimes puberulous .......................................................................................................... 27. R. davidii
81b. Styles slightly exserted, much shorter than stamens; receptacle glabrous, rarely
glandular pubescent ...................................................................................................... 28. R. banksiopsis
75b. Flowers solitary or few in corymb.
82a. Stipules abaxially not prickly.
83a. Branchlets and prickles tomentose; leaflets thick in texture, adaxially rugose ............................. 29. R. rugosa
83b. Branchlets and prickles glabrous; leaflets thinner in texture, not rugose.
84a. Leaflets abaxially glandular punctate; prickles straight, slender; hypanthium depressed
globose or ovoid-globose.
85a. Leaflets 7 or 9, abaxially glaucous, oblong or broadly lanceolate, margin simple or doubly
serrate; hypanthium depressed globose ............................................................................... 30. R. davurica
85b. Leaflets 5–9, abaxially not glaucous, ovate or elliptic, margin doubly serrate;
hypanthium ovoid-globose ............................................................................................ 31. R. hezhangensis
 ROSACEAE

84b. Leaflets abaxially not glaucous, not glandular; prickles straight, weak, sometimes
absent; hypanthium ellipsoid or oblong.
86a. Leaflets abaxially glabrous, margin partly doubly serrate; pedicel 1.5–2 cm ................ 34. R. oxyacantha
86b. Leaflets abaxially puberulous or hirsute, margin simply serrate or sharply doubly
serrate; pedicel 2–4 cm.
87a. Leaflets abaxially puberulous, margin simply serrate; pedicel 2–3.5 cm ....................... 32. R. acicularis
87b. Leaflets abaxially brown hirsute, margin sharply doubly serrate; pedicel 3–4 cm ...... 33. R. fargesiana
82b. Stipules abaxially prickly.
88a. Prickles hooked; leaflets 7–9, abaxially glabrous or puberulous; petals white or pink; flowers
(1 or)3–6; pedicel glandular ................................................................................................................ 35. R. laxa
88b. Prickles straight or absent; leaflets 7–11, abaxially glabrous, subglabrous, or pubescent; petals
pink or red; flowers 1 to several; pedicel glandular pubescent or not.
89a. Leaflets abaxially glabrous or subglabrous.
90a. Leaflets 7, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2.5–6.5 cm; petals dark red; flowers often solitary;
pedicel 15–25(–30) mm, usually glabrous ........................................................................... 36. R. saturata
90b. Leaflets 7–9(–11), elliptic or ovate, 1–3 cm; petals pink; flowers 1–3; pedicel 5–30 mm,
densely glandular pubescent or glabrous.
91a. Pedicel 5–10 mm, densely glandular pubescent; leaflets 1–3 cm, apex acute or obtuse;
flowers 2–5 cm in diam. .......................................................................................................... 37. R. bella
91b. Pedicel 1.5–3 cm, glabrous, rarely glandular pubescent; leaflets 0.6–2.5 cm, apex
rounded, obtuse, or acute; flowers 2–3.5 cm in diam. ......................................................... 52. R. sertata
89b. Leaflets abaxially pubescent, at least along veins.
92a. Leaflets 5, rarely 7 or 3, adaxially glabrous, abaxially pubescent or glandular, margin
doubly serrate; petals pink; flowers solitary or several, 2.5–3 cm in diam.; pedicel
1.5–3 cm ...................................................................................................................... 38. R. chengkouensis
92b. Leaflets 7–13, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sparsely pubescent, not glandular,
margin simple or doubly serrate; petals white, pink, or red; flowers 2 or more;
pedicel to 1–4 cm.
93a. Flowers 2, fasciculate; pedicel shorter than 1 cm; stipules larger, hooked ................... 39. R. sinobiflora
93b. Flowers often more than 2; pedicel 1–4 cm; stipules shorter, not hooked.
94a. Sepals pinnately lobed, often glandular pubescent.
95a. Branches prickly and setose; leaflets 7–11, 2–5 cm, margin doubly serrate,
rarely partly simply serrate; petals pink; flowers 3–5 cm in diam. ...................... 40. R. sweginzowii
95b. Branches only prickly; leaflets 7–13, 1–5 cm, margin usually simply serrate;
petals dark red; flowers 4–6 cm in diam. ..................................................................... 41. R. moyesii
94b. Sepals entire or pinnately lobed, not glandular pubescent.
96a. Petals white or pinkish; branchlets prickly and bristly; leaflets 9–15, elliptic or oblong,
1–4.5 cm, abaxially along veins pubescent, margin simply serrate; flowers
2–3 cm in diam. .......................................................................................................... 44. R. murielae
96b. Petals rosy or red; branchlets densely setose or sparsely prickly or not prickly;
leaflets 7–11, elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or oblong, abaxially glabrous, sparsely
pubescent, or densely puberulous, margin simply serrate, rarely doubly serrate;
flowers 2.5–5 cm in diam.
97a. Branchlets usually densely setose; leaflets 7–9(–11), elliptic or ovate-elliptic,
1.2–3 cm, abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent, margin simply serrate, rarely
doubly serrate; flowers 2.5–3 cm in diam.; pedicel and receptacle glabrous ....... 42. R. persetosa
97b. Branchlets usually sparsely prickly or not prickly; leaflets 9–11, oblong or
elliptic-ovate, 2.5–6 cm, abaxially densely puberulous, margin simply serrate;
flowers 3.5–5 cm in diam.; pedicel and receptacle densely glandular pubescent,
rarely glabrous .................................................................................................. 43. R. macrophylla

Key based mainly on vegetative characters

1a. Leaves simple, exstipulate; flower solitary; petals yellow ....................................................................................... 1. R. berberifolia
1b. Leaves compound, stipulate; flowers solitary to numerous; petals variously colored.
2a. Stipules free, deciduous.
3a. Leaflets 5–9, elliptic or obovate; stipules pectinate; petals white; flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 and fasciculate,
4.5–7 cm in diam.; bracts large, laciniate, abaxially tomentose ....................................................................... 92. R. bracteata
3b. Leaflets 3–5(–7), elliptic, ovate, elliptic-ovate, obovate, or oblong-lanceolate; stipules pectinate or not;
petals variously colored; flowers solitary or several in umbel or corymb; bracts small or absent.
 ROSACEAE

4a. Leaflets 3(or 4), elliptic-ovate or obovate, glabrous; petals white; flower solitary, 5–10 cm in diam.;
pedicel and hypanthium densely glandular bristly ............................................................................................ 91. R. laevigata
4b. Leaflets 3–5(–7), elliptic, ovate, or oblong-lanceolate; petals yellow or white; flowers 1–3, 1.5–2.5 cm
diam.; pedicel and hypanthium often glabrous.
5a. Flowers in umbel or corymb; sepals entire .................................................................................................... 89. R. banksiae
5b. Flowers in compound corymb; sepals pinnately lobed .................................................................................... 90. R. cymosa
2b. Stipules adnate to petiole, persistent.
6a. Stipules pectinate or irregularly serrate at margin; styles connate, exserted.
7a. Stipules pectinate.
8a. Styles hairy; flowers 5–7-flowered, in corymb; leaflets abaxially densely tomentose-pubescent ........ 63. R. kunmingensis
8b. Style glabrous; flowers solitary to numerous, in panicle or corymb; leaflets abaxially pubescent or
tomentose-pubescent.
9a. Flower solitary; leaflets 5–7, obovate or broadly elliptic ......................................................................... 62. R. uniflorella
9b. Flowers numerous in panicle; leaflets 5–9, rhomboid-elliptic, obovate, oblong, or ovate.
10a. Leaflets 5–7, margin doubly serrate; sepals pinnately lobed, lobules linear, abaxially glandular
pubescent ......................................................................................................................................... 61. R. daishanensis
10b. Leaflets 5–9, margin simple-serrate, occasionally doubly serrate; sepals entire or 2-lobed,
abaxially not glandular pubescent.
11a. Leaflets 7–9, rhomboid-elliptic, base cuneate, margin deeply serrate; sepals entire at
margin ....................................................................................................................................... 59. R. langyashanica
11b. Leaflets 5–9, obovate, oblong, or ovate, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin shallowly
serrate; sepals 2-lobed or entire ........................................................................................................ 60. R. multiflora
7b. Stipules irregularly serrate at margin.
12a. Leaflets 3–5, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, oblong, or oblong-obovate; flowers solitary or 4
to several in corymb.
13a. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate; flowers solitary or in corymb ............................... 73. R. anemoniflora
13b. Leaflets oblong to oblong-obovate; flowers 4 to several in terminal corymb ..................................... 67. R. sambucina
12b. Leaflets (5–)7–9, elliptic, oblong, ovate or obovate, not lanceolate; flowers several in corymb.
14a. Leaflets abaxially densely villous; styles pubescent.
15a. Leaflets 5–9, adaxially along midvein pubescent; petals white or red; flowers 1.5–3 cm in
diam.; pedicel and hypanthium densely pubescent and glandular pubescent ........................... 64. R. kwangtungensis
15b. Leaflets 3–5(–7), abaxially glabrous; petals pink; flowers 2.5–3 cm in diam.; pedicel and
hypanthium glabrous, rarely sparsely glandular pubescent .......................................................... 65. R. lichiangensis
14b. Leaflets abaxially glabrous or subglabrous; styles glabrous or pubescent.
16a. Leaflets 7–9, rarely 5, apex acute or acuminate, abaxially along veins pubescent; styles
glabrous; hip ovoid .................................................................................................................. 72. R. maximowicziana
16b. Leaflets 5–7, rarely 9, apex rounded-obtuse or acute, abaxially glabrous or sparsely
pubescent; styles pubescent; hip globose or subglobose.
17a. Leaflets elliptic, ovate, or obovate; hypanthium and sepals abaxially subglabrous ............................. 70. R. luciae
17b. Leaflets ovate or oblong; hypanthium abaxially glandular setulose; sepals glandular setulose on
both surfaces ........................................................................................................................................... 69. R. pricei
6b. Stipules entire; styles free, rarely connate.
18a. Leaflets 3–5(–7).
19a. Leaflets doubly serrate at margin.
20a. Leaflets glabrous or abaxially pubescent along veins.
21a. Leaflets ovate-oblong or elliptic, 2.5–6 cm, apex acute or rounded-obtuse; petals red; flowers
numerous in corymb, 2–2.5 cm in diam.; styles free, obviously exserted ..................................... 25. R. corymbulosa
21b. Leaflets obovate or elliptic, smaller, 0.8–1.5 cm, apex rounded-obtuse or truncate; petals
yellowish or white; flowers 1–3 and fasciculate, ca. 1 cm in diam.; styles connate, slightly
exserted ................................................................................................................................................ 87. R. duplicata
20b. Leaflets abaxially sparsely pubescent and glandular pubescent.
22a. Leaflets 3–5; styles connate or free, exserted or slightly so.
23a. Styles connate, exserted; petals white; flowers ca. 1.5 cm in diam., in corymb ............................ 88. R. weisiensis
23b. Styles free, slightly exserted; petals pink; flowers ca. 2.5 cm in diam., solitary, rarely 2 or
3 and fasciculate ...................................................................................................................... 50. R. baiyushanensis
22b. Leaflets 5(–7); styles free, slightly exserted.
24a. Leaflets elliptic, oblong, or ovate, 15–35 mm; flowers solitary or several; sepals oblong-
lanceolate, margin entire, pubescent outside ........................................................................... 38. R. chengkouensis
 ROSACEAE

24b. Leaflets obovate or oblong, 5–11 mm; flowers 2 or 3 and fasciculate, rarely solitary; sepals
triangular-lanceolate, pinnately lobed, glabrous outside ........................................................... 45. R. pinnatisepala
19b. Leaflets simply serrate, rarely partly doubly serrate at margin.
25a. Old branches prickly, bristly, or setose.
26a. Leaflets 5–7(–9), thick, adaxially rugose, abaxially tomentose; branchlets and prickles tomentose;
petals purple-red or white; flowers 1–3; hip dark red, depressed-globose .............................................. 29. R. rugosa
26b. Leaflets 3–7, thin, adaxially not rugose, glabrous, abaxially pubescent or only along midvein
pubescent; branchlets glabrous or subglabrous; petals pink or purple-red; flowers 1–3 or 8–12;
hip black-purple, pyriform or obovoid.
27a. Petals pink; leaflets 3–7; hip red, pyriform or long ellipsoid, with a distinct neck ......................... 32. R. acicularis
27b. Petals purple-red; leaflets 3(–5); hip purple, obovoid or pyriform, without neck ........................ 58. R. lucidissima
25b. Old branches only prickly, not bristly and setose.
28a. Leaflets abaxially ± pubescent.
29a. Leaflets less than 1.5 cm, 3–5, margin obtusely serrate; flowers 3–5 in corymb; petals
white but pink before anthesis; styles free ............................................................................. 49. R. pseudobanksiae
29b. Leaflets more than 2 cm, 3–7, margin acutely serrate; flowers numerous in compound
corymb; petals white; styles connate.
30a. Leaflets with both surfaces pubescent, 5–7, oblong or long-lanceolate; branchlets densely
pubescent; hip purple-brown, ovoid ............................................................................................... 74. R. brunonii
30b. Leaflets adaxially glabrous, 3–7, oblong to ovate or lanceolate; branchlets glabrous or slightly
pubescent; hip orange-red or red, subglobose.
31a. Leaflets adaxially rugose, abaxially densely grayish pubescent and with prominent veins,
5–7, oblong or oblong-obovate; hip orange-red ....................................................................... 75. R. glomerata
31b. Leaflets abaxially smooth, abaxially with only midvein prominent, 3–7, oblong-ovate,
lanceolate, or ovate-elliptic to obovate; hip red.
32a. Leaflets abaxially glandular, subglabrous, 5–7, oblong-ovate or lanceolate, apex acuminate .... 81. R. filipes
32b. Leaflets abaxially not glandular, densely pubescent, (3–)5, ovate-elliptic or obovate, apex
caudate-acuminate or acute ........................................................................................................... 76. R. rubus
28b. Leaflets abaxially glabrous.
33a. Erect shrub.
34a. Leaflets (5–)7(–9), elliptic or obovate, 1–3 cm, apex rounded-obtuse or acute; styles connate;
hip ovoid-globose, orange-red ...................................................................................................... 85. R. soulieana
34b. Leaflets 3–5(–7), obovate or broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, 0.9–6 cm, apex acuminate or
rounded-obtuse; styles free or connate; hip ovoid to pyriform or globose to obovoid-globose,
red or red-brown.
35a. Leaflets broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, 2.5–6 cm, apex acuminate; styles free; hip red,
ovoid to pyriform ........................................................................................................................ 56. R. chinensis
35b. Leaflets obovate, 9–15 × 6–10 mm, apex rounded-obtuse; styles connate; hip red-brown,
globose or obovoid-globose ................................................................................................... 83. R. derongensis
33b. Climbing liana.
36a. Flowers 1–3; styles free.
37a. Leaflets 5–9, elliptic or ovate, apex acute or acuminate; petals yellow, pink, or white; sepals
entire; hip depressed-ovoid ........................................................................................................... 57. R. odorata
37b. Leaflets 3(–5), oblong-ovate or long elliptic, apex caudate-acuminate or acute; petals
purple-red; sepals entire or slightly incised; hip pyriform or obovoid .................................. 58. R. lucidissima
36b. Flowers numerous in corymb or compound corymb; styles connate.
38a. Leaflets 5–9, rarely 3, leathery, shorter, 3–7 cm; petals abaxially pubescent; flowers in
corymb .................................................................................................................................... 78. R. longicuspis
38b. Leaflets 3–5, papery or leathery, longer, 3.5–12 cm; petals abaxially glabrous or pubescent;
flowers in corymb or compound corymb.
39a. Leaflets papery; petals abaxially glabrous; flowers 5–15, in corymb ........................................ 86. R. henryi
39b. Leaflets leathery; petals abaxially pubescent; flowers numerous, in compound corymb
............................................................................................................................................... 79. R. lasiosepala
18b. Leaflets more than (5–)7.
40a. Leaflets more than 2 cm.
41a. Leaflets doubly serrate at margin.
42a. Branches prickly and setose.
43a. Leaflets 7–9, oblong or broadly lanceolate, abaxially puberulous and glandular punctate, apex
acute or rounded-obtuse; petals deep pink; hip subglobose or ovoid; sepals persistent .................. 30. R. davurica
 ROSACEAE

43b. Leaflets 5–7, ovate, elliptic, or obovate, abaxially pubescent, not glandular punctate, apex
rounded-obtuse, rarely acute; petals white; hip pyriform or ellipsoid; sepals deciduous ................... 21. R. albertii
42b. Branches only prickly, not bristly and setose.
44a. Leaflets abaxially pubescent or subglabrous.
45a. Prickles straight, stout; leaflets 7–9, oblong or elliptic, abaxially subglabrous, apex rounded-
obtuse or acute ............................................................................................................................ 34. R. oxyacantha
45b. Prickles broad, plain; leaflets 7–11, elliptic or ovate-oblong, abaxially pubescent, apex acute,
rarely rounded-obtuse ............................................................................................................... 40. R. sweginzowii
44b. Leaflets abaxially pubescent or subglabrous and glandular.
46a. Leaflets 5–9; flowers in lax corymb; styles free, slightly exserted ................................................ 24. R. setipoda
46b. Leaflets usually 7; flowers in corymb-panicle; styles connate, exserted .................................. 82. R. ludingensis
41b. Leaflets simply serrate at margin.
47a. Leaflets abaxially glabrous or subglabrous.
48a. Branches with hooked prickles.
49a. Leaflets 5–9, broadly elliptic or elliptic-obovate; flowers several or numerous, rarely solitary;
petals white, rarely pinkish; hip red or dark purple, subglobose, with sepals deciduous when
ripe .............................................................................................................................................. 20. R. beggeriana
49b. Leaflets 7–9, elliptic, oblong, or ovate, rarely obovate; flowers (1 or)3–6; petals white or
pink; hip red, oblong or ovoid, with persistent sepals ........................................................................... 35. R. laxa
48b. Branches with straight prickles.
50a. Old branches prickly, sometimes densely setose.
51a. Branchlets densely bristly; pedicel 1.2–3 cm ............................................................................ 42. R. persetosa
51b. Branchlets often only prickly; pedicel shorter, 5–10 mm ................................................................. 37. R. bella
50b. Old branches only prickly, usually not setose.
52a. Prickles broad, plain, scattered.
53a. Petals red; flowers in corymb; sepals caudate, leaflike; pedicel and hypanthium often
glandular, rarely smooth ............................................................................................................ 26. R. caudata
53b. Petals white; flowers compound corymb; sepals pinnately lobed; hypanthium prickly
abaxially .......................................................................................................................... 94. R. kweichowensis
52b. Prickles slender, straight, rarely few or absent.
54a. Leaflets 9–15, elliptic or oblong, apex acute or shortly acuminate; petals white; pedicel
2–4 cm ..................................................................................................................................... 44. R. murielae
54b. Leaflets 7–9(–15), ovate, long elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, apex acute, acuminate, or
rounded-obtuse; petals pink or deep red; pedicel 1.5–3 cm.
55a. Leaflets 7–15, ovate or long elliptic, apex acute or rounded-obtuse; petals pink; flowers
solitary to several, 2–3.5 cm in diam.; sepals, pedicel, and hypanthium often smooth .......... 52. R. sertata
55b. Leaflets 7(–9), ovate or ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate or acute; petals deep red;
flowers solitary, rarely 2 or 3, 3.5–5 cm in diam.; pedicel and hypanthium usually
glabrous, or sparsely glandular pubescent ............................................................................ 36. R. saturata
47b. Leaflets abaxially pubescent or along midvein and lateral veins pubescent.
56a. Flowers numerous in corymb.
57a. Pedicel and hypanthium glabrous; leaflets 7–9, ovate or oblong, rarely long elliptic-ovate;
petals pink; styles free ................................................................................................................ 28. R. banksiopsis
57b. Pedicel and hypanthium glandular pubescent; leaflets 5–9, oblong-ovate, ovate-lanceolate,
or ovate; petals pink or white; styles free or connate.
58a. Petals pink; styles free, slightly exserted ........................................................................................ 27. R. davidii
58b. Petals white; styles connate in column.
59a. Leaflets (5–)7–9, oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2.5–4.5 cm ............................................. 77. R. helenae
59b. Leaflets 5–7, ovate to oblong-ovate, 1.5–3.6 cm ................................................................ 68. R. taiwanensis
56b. Flowers solitary, rarely 2 or 3.
60a. Pedicel and hypanthium often glandular pubescent, rarely glabrous.
61a. Leaflets 7–13, ovate, elliptic, or oblong-ovate, apex acute or rounded-obtuse; petals deep
red; sepals often pinnately lobed; hip orange-red or purple-red, oblong-ovoid or ovoid, to
5 cm ............................................................................................................................................... 41. R. moyesii
61b. Leaflets 9–11(–13), oblong or elliptic-ovate, apex acute, rarely rounded-obtuse; petals red;
sepals entire; hip deep red, oblong-ovoid or long ovoid, 1.5–3 cm ..................................... 43. R. macrophylla
60b. Pedicel and hypanthium glabrous.
62a. Leaflets oblong or broadly lanceolate, abaxially usually glandular, apex acute or rounded-
obtuse .......................................................................................................................................... 30. R. davurica
 ROSACEAE

62b. Leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, abaxially eglandular.

63a. Leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate or acute; flowers solitary, rarely 2,
pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm .................................................................................................................... 36. R. saturata
63b. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, apex acuminate or caudate; flowers 2,
pedicel 0.5–1 cm ................................................................................................................... 39. R. sinobiflora
40b. Leaflets less than 1.5(–2) cm.
64a. Leaflets doubly serrate at margin.
65a. Leaflets abaxially glabrous, not glandular; branches prickly, bristly, or setose; leaflets
(5–)7–9(–11), suborbicular or oblong-ovate; flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 and fasciculate; petals
yellow, white, or pink; hip subglobose, black .................................................................................. 2. R. spinosissima
65b. Leaflets abaxially glandular or pubescent; branches prickly, sometimes also bristly and setose;
leaflets 5–15, oblong, obovate, ovate, or elliptic; flowers 1–5; petals white, yellow, pink, or red;
hip obovoid or subglobose, red or red-brown.
66a. Branches prickly, bristly, and setose.
67a. Leaflets 7–9(–13), oblong or obovate, both surfaces densely pubescent, abaxially glandular;
petals 4, white; hip red, subglobose ........................................................................................... 18. R. sikangensis
67b. Leaflets 5–13, ovate, elliptic, obovate, or oblong, abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous;
petals 5, white or yellow; hip red, dark purple, or red-brown, globose, subglobose, or
obovoid.
68a. Leaflets 11–13, elliptic or oblong; petals white; hip red-brown, obovoid .......................... 12. R. tsinglingensis
68b. Leaflets 5–9, oblong, ovate, elliptic, or obovate; petals white or yellow; hip red or dark
purple, globose or subglobose.
69a. Leaflets oblong, abaxially glandular; flower with bracts; petals white; hip red, globose ......... 55. R. tibetica
69b. Leaflets ovate, elliptic, or obovate, abaxially glandular or pubescent; flower without bracts;
petals white or yellow; hip dark purple, subglobose ................................................................. 5. R. kokanica
66b. Branches only prickly, not bristly and setose.
70a. Leaflets hairy on both surfaces or only abaxially hairy.
71a. Leaflets abaxially brown hirsute, densely so along veins, elliptic or oblong-elliptic ............. 33. R. fargesiana
71b. Leaflets pubescent on both surfaces, broadly ovate, obovate, ovate, or elliptic.
72a. Leaflets broadly ovate or obovate; flower double, solitary, rarely several, without bracts ....... 10. R. foetida
72b. Leaflets ovate or elliptic; flowers 3–5 in corymb, with 3–5 bracts ................................. 31. R. hezhangensis
70b. Leaflets abaxially glabrous or subglabrous.
73a. Leaflets apically acute or rounded-obtuse.
74a. Leaflets (7–)9–15, elliptic, elliptic-obovate, or long elliptic, abaxially glandular, margin
obtusely serrate; petals yellowish; hip black-brown, subglobose ............................................... 9. R. primula
74b. Leaflets 9–11, ovate or elliptic, abaxially pubescent or glabrous, margin acutely serrate;
petals pink; hip red, obovoid ............................................................................................... 11. R. graciliflora
73b. Leaflets apically rounded-obtuse or truncate.
75a. Sepals and petals 4; leaflets obovate, abaxially not glandular or only glandular along
veins ............................................................................................................................... 19. R. zhongdianensis
75b. Sepals and petals 5; leaflets ovate or obovate, abaxially sparsely glandular or not
glandular.
76a. Styles free, slightly exserted; leaflets 5–7(–9), subrounded, ovate or obovate, abaxially
not or sometimes glandular pubescent .............................................................................. 46. R. forrestiana
76b. Styles connate, exserted; leaflets usually 7, obovate, abaxially sparsely glandular
pubescent ........................................................................................................................... 80. R. deqenensis
64b. Leaflets simply serrate, rarely partly doubly serrate at margin.
77a. Leaflets abaxially glabrous, rarely pubescent when young and wholly soon glabrate.
78a. Branches prickly, bristly, and setose.
79a. Leaflets entire near base of margin, 7–11, elliptic or ovate; petals pink; hip bright red .................... 3. R. farreri
79b. Leaflets serrate from base to apex, 5–13, suborbicular to ovate, elliptic, or obovate; petals white
or yellow; hip black or purple-red.
80a. Leaflets (5–)7–9(–11), suborbicular or oblong-ovate; petals white, pink, or yellow; hip
black ........................................................................................................................................ 2. R. spinosissima
80b. Leaflets 5–13, ovate, elliptic, or obovate; petals yellow; hip purple-red ....................................... 7. R. hugonis
78b. Branches only prickly, not bristly and setose.
81a. Prickles slender, straight; styles free.
82a. Leaflets serrate from base to apex, 9–15, elliptic, oblong, or obovate, apex mostly acute;
petals pink; hip densely prickly ............................................................................................... 93. R. roxburghii
 ROSACEAE

82b. Leaflets entire near base of margin, 5–13, elliptic, ovate-elliptic, suborbicular, oblong, or
broadly obovate, apex mostly rounded-obtuse or truncate; petals pink or white; hip
glabrous or stipitate glandular.
83a. Branches with prickles often in pairs; leaflets 7–11(–13), oblong or broadly obovate;
petals white; hip red ......................................................................................................... 15. R. morrisonensis
83b. Branches sparsely prickly; leaflets 5–11, elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or suborbicular,
obovate, or broadly elliptic; petals pink; hip deep red or reddish.
84a. Leaflets 7–15, elliptic or ovate-elliptic; pedicel 1.5–3 cm; hip deep red, ovoid ..................... 52. R. sertata
84b. Leaflets 5–9, suborbicular, obovate or broadly elliptic; pedicel 1–1.5 cm; hip
reddish, subglobose ............................................................................................................. 53. R. webbiana
81b. Prickles dilated at base; styles connate, exserted.
85a. Styles connate, exserted.
86a. Leaflets usually 7, obovate or oblong; flowers 2 or 3 and fasciculate, simple .......... 84. R. shangchengensis
86b. Leaflets 5–7, elliptic, rarely oblong; flowers double, 10–15 in panicle ................................. 71. R. miyiensis
85b. Styles free, slightly exserted.
87a. Leaflets serrate from base to apex at margin.
88a. Prickles straight; leaflets 7–13, broadly ovate or suborbicular, rarely elliptic, margin
obtusely serrate; petals yellow; hip purple-brown; sepals persistent ..................................... 8. R. xanthina
88b. Prickles hooked; leaflets 5–9, broadly elliptic or elliptic-obovate, margin acutely
serrate; petals white or pinkish; hip red at first, then becoming black-purple; sepals
deciduous .......................................................................................................................... 20. R. beggeriana
87b. Leaflets entire near base of margin.
89a. Branches with prickles often in pairs; leaflets 7–11, oblong or broadly obovate,
apex truncate; petals 4, white; hip red, glabrous outside ............................................. 15. R. morrisonensis
89b. Branches sparsely prickly; leaflets 5–9, suborbicular or ovate, apex rounded-
obtuse; petals 5, yellow or white, rarely pink; hip deep red or purple-brown,
glandular pubescent or glabrous outside.
90a. Leaflets 5–7, suborbicular, obovate, or oblong; petals yellow; flowers without
bracts; hip glabrous ....................................................................................................... 6. R. platyacantha
90b. Leaflets (5–)7(–9), suborbicular or ovate; petals white, rarely pink; flowers
with bracts; hip densely glandular pubescent ......................................................... 54. R. fedtschenkoana
77b. Leaflets abaxially or only along midvein pubescent.
91a. Branches prickly, sometimes densely bristly or setose.
92a. Leaflets serrate from base to apex at margin.
93a. Petals 4, white; hip bright red or yellow; fruiting pedicel short, thickened .............................. 14. R. omeiensis
93b. Petals 5, white or pinkish white; fruiting pedicel slender, not thickened.
94a. Branchlets densely prickly; leaflets 7–11; petals pinkish white ................................................. 4. R. koreana
94b. Branchlets sparsely prickly, occasionally bristly; leaflets 11–13; petals white .............. 12. R. tsinglingensis
92b. Leaflets serrate at upper margin, entire at lower margin.
95a. Leaflets densely pubescent on both surfaces, 5–9(–11), oblong-obovate or obovate; petals
white; hip red; fruiting pedicel slender ........................................................................................... 17. R. mairei
95b. Leaflets only abaxially pubescent, 7–15, elliptic, oblong, ovate, or obovate; petals pinkish,
yellowish, or white; hip orange-yellow or red; fruiting pedicel stout or slender.
96a. Sepals deciduous when fruit ripens; leaflets 7–15, elliptic or oblong, apex obtuse or acute;
petals pinkish; pedicel and hypanthium often glandular pubescent ............................................ 22. R. prattii
96b. Sepals persistent; leaflets 7–13, ovate or obovate, apex truncate, rounded-obtuse or acute;
petals yellowish or white; pedicel and hypanthium glabrous or villous.
97a. Leaflets 7–9(–13), obovate or oblong-obovate; petals yellowish; hip orange-yellow;
fruiting pedicel turgid at base ............................................................................................. 13. R. taronensis
97b. Leaflets 7–9(–11), ovate or obovate, rarely obovate-oblong; petals white; hip red;
fruiting pedicel slender ............................................................................................................ 16. R. sericea
91b. Branches with straight, slender or broad, plain prickles, not bristly and setose.
98a. Leaflets 7–13, obovate or broadly elliptic, densely pubescent on both surfaces; petals red;
hip sparsely glandular prickly, rarely glabrous ........................................................................... 95. R. praelucens
98b. Leaflets 5–11, pubescent abaxially or only along veins; petals white or red; hip usually prickly.
99a. Leaflets apically acute or acuminate, rarely rounded-obtuse.
100a. Flowers solitary, or 3–5 in a cyme, without bracts; petals white ......................... 66. R. transmorrisonensis
100b. Flowers numerous in corymb or rarely in panicle; petals red or white.
 ROSACEAE

101a. Leaflets ovate, obovate, or suborbicular, apex rounded-obtuse; petals red;

flowers in a corymb, rarely in panicle; bracts many, in 2 whorls: 1 of ovate
and 1 of lanceolate bracts; styles free, slightly exserted .......................................... 47. R. multibracteata
101b. Leaflets oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, apex shortly acuminate; petals white;
flowers in a corymb; bracts caducous, narrowly lanceolate; styles connate, exserted ....... 77. R. helenae
99b. Leaflets apically usually rounded-obtuse, rarely acute.
102a. Sepals deciduous when fruit ripens; leaflets 7–9(–11) ..................................................... 23. R. willmottiae
102b. Sepals persistent; leaflets 5–9.
103a. Bracts 3–5, leaflike, ovate, persistent; leaflets usually 5, rarely 3 or 7 ....................... 48. R. calyptopoda
103b. Bracts 1 or 2, membranous, ovate-lanceolate, deciduous, rarely persistent; leaflets 7–9.
104a. Leaflets serrate from base to apex at margin; petals pink; pedicel not exceeding 1 cm;
hip ovoid; prickles shorter ................................................................................................. 51. R. giraldii
104b. Leaflets entire near base of margin; petals reddish; pedicel 1–1.5 cm; hip subglobose;
prickles longer, yellowish ............................................................................................. 53. R. webbiana

1. Rosa subgen. Hulthemia (Dumortier) Focke in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(3): 47. 1888.
单叶蔷薇亚属 dan ye qiang wei ya shu
Hulthemia Dumortier, Not. Hulthemia, 13. 1824.
Leaves exstipulate; leaf blade simple. Flower solitary. Hypanthium globose, bristly.
Two species: Asia; one species in China.

1. Rosa berberifolia Pallas, Nova Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. when young, base subrounded or cordate, rarely broadly cune-
Hist. Acad. 10: 379. 1797. ate, margin coarsely serrate, becoming entire toward base, apex
rounded-obtuse or acute. Flower solitary, 2–2.5 cm in diam.;
小檗叶蔷薇 xiao bo ye qiang wei pedicel 1–1.5 cm, glabrous; bracts absent. Hypanthium globose,
abaxially long bristly. Sepals 5, lanceolate, abaxially puberu-
Hulthemia berberifolia (Pallas) Dumortier. lous, sparsely long bristly, adaxially grayish tomentose, margin
entire, apex caudate or long acuminate. Petals 5, yellow, purple-
Shrubs diffuse, dwarf, 30–50 cm tall. Branchlets yellow,
red spotted at base, obovate, slightly longer than sepals. Sta-
smooth when young, becoming dark brown and rough when
mens purple. Styles free, slightly protruding, densely villous.
old, glabrous; prickles in pairs at leaf bases, sparse, yellow,
Hip purple-brown, subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam., densely se-
curved, somewhat hooked. Leaves simple, exstipulate, sessile
tose, with persistent sepals. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep.
or subsessile; leaf blade elliptic, oblong, rarely ovate, 1–2 ×
0.5–1 cm, leathery, glabrous or abaxially sparsely puberulous Slopes, waste fields; 100–600 m. Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Russia].

2. Rosa subgen. Rosa

蔷薇亚属 qiang wei ya shu
Leaves stipulate; leaf blade pinnate. Flowers numerous in corymbs, or solitary. Hypanthium urceolate, rarely cupular.
Between 150 and 200 species: N Africa, Asia, Europe, North America; 94 species (65 endemic) in China.

1. Rosa sect. Pimpinellifoliae Candolle ex Seringe, Mus. Helv. Bot. 1: 3. 1818.

芹叶组 qin ye zu
Shrubs erect. Branches often with straight prickles and bristles. Leaflets 7–9, rarely 15–17, often small; stipules narrow, adnate
to petiole, auriculate. Flower solitary, without bracts. Sepals persistent, erect, margin entire.
About 25 species: Asia, Europe; 18 species (12 endemic) in China.

2. Rosa spinosissima Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 491. 1753. rate, teeth often glandular apically; rachis and petiole sparsely
prickly and glandular pubescent; leaflets (5–)7–9(–11), oblong,
密刺蔷薇 mi ci qiang wei
oblong-ovate, or suborbicular, 1–2.2 × 0.6–1.2 cm, glabrous,
Shrubs low, ca. 1 m tall. Branches spreading or curved, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin simply serrate or
glabrous; branchlets of present year purple-brown or red-brown; partly doubly serrate, teeth glandular apically when young,
prickles dense to sparse, terete, straight or slightly curved, to 4 apex rounded-obtuse or acute. Flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 and
mm, fine, bristlelike, abruptly broadening at base, intermixed fasciculate, axillary, 2–6 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–3.5 cm,
with smaller bristles. Leaves including petiole 4–8 cm; stipules sparsely pubescent or glabrescent, glandular pubescent or not;
mostly adnate to petiole, free part ovate, margin entire or ser- bracts absent. Hypanthium subglobose, glabrous. Sepals lan-
 ROSACEAE

ceolate, abaxially glabrous, adaxially pubescent, margin entire, One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.
apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate. Petals 5, white, pink, or 4. Rosa koreana Komarov, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot.
yellowish, broadly obovate, base broadly cuneate, apex emar- Sada 18: 434. 1901.
ginate. Styles free, much shorter than stamens, pubescent. Hip
black or dark brown, subglobose, 1–1.6 cm in diam., glabrous, 长白蔷薇 chang bai qiang wei
shiny, with persistent sepals; pedicel to 4 cm, often glandular. Shrubs small, ca. 1 m tall, dense. Branchlets dense, dark
Fl. May–Jun, fr. Oct–Sep. purple-red, prickles paired below each node and densely scat-
Scrub in forests, grassy slopes, river sides; 1100–2300 m. Xin- tered, terete, straight, bristlelike, to 6 mm, fine, abruptly flaring
jiang [Russia (Siberia); C and SW Asia, Europe]. to an elliptic base; branches of present year sparsely prickly.
Leaves including petiole 4–7 cm; stipules mostly adnate to peti-
1a. Branchlets densely prickly; flowers
ole, free parts ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, margin glandular ser-
smaller, 2–5 cm in diam.; petals white,
rate; rachis and petiole sparsely prickly and glandular; leaflets
pink, or yellowish; pedicel pubescent
7–11(–15), elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or oblong-elliptic, 6–15 ×
and glandular when young ................ 2a. var. spinosissima
4–8 mm, abaxially subglabrous or along veins sparsely pubes-
1b. Branchlets slightly prickly; flowers
cent, rarely sparsely glandular, adaxially glabrous, base sub-
larger, 4–6 cm in diam.; petals white;
rounded or broadly cuneate, margin acutely glandular serrate,
pedicel glabrous .......................................... 2b. var. altaica
partly doubly serrate, apex rounded-obtuse. Flower solitary,
2a. Rosa spinosissima var. spinosissima axillary, 2–3 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.2–2 cm, glandular
pubescent; bracts absent. Hypanthium oblong. Sepals 5,
密刺蔷薇(原变种) mi ci qiang wei (yuan bian zhong)
lanceolate, abaxially glabrous, adaxially sparsely pubescent, not
Branchlets densely bristly. Flowers white, pink, or yellow- glandular, rarely sparsely glandular at margin, apex long
ish, 2–5 cm in diam.; pedicel pubescent and glandular when acuminate or caudate-acuminate. Petals 5, tinged with pinkish,
young. obovate, base cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, much
shorter than stamens, slightly exserted. Hip orange-red,
Scrub in forests, grassy slopes, river sides; 1100–2300 m. Xin-
oblong, 1.5–2 cm, shiny, with persistent, erect sepals; pedicel
jiang (Altay Shan, Diqu Xian) [Russia (Siberia); C and SW Asia, Eu-
1.2–2 cm, glandular pubescent. Fl. May–Jun, Jul–Sep.
rope].
Forest margins, scrub, rocky places on slopes; 600–1200 m. Hei-
2b. Rosa spinosissima var. altaica (Willdenow) Rehder in L. longjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Korea].
H. Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 4: 1557. 1902.
1a. Abaxial surface of leaflets, petiole, and
大花密刺蔷薇 da hua mi ci qiang wei rachis usually eglandular .......................... 4a. var. koreana
Rosa altaica Willdenow, Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 543. 1809. 1b. Abaxial surface of leaflets, petiole, and
rachis densely glandular ...................... 4b. var. glandulosa
Branchlets slightly bristly. Flowers white, 4–6 cm in diam.;
pedicel glabrous. 4a. Rosa koreana var. koreana
Xinjiang [Russia (Siberia)]. 长白蔷薇(原变种) chang bai qiang wei (yuan bian zhong)
3. Rosa farreri Cox, Pl. Introd. Reginald Farrer, 49. 1930. Abaxial surface of leaflets, petiole, and rachis usually
eglandular.
刺毛蔷薇 ci mao qiang wei
Forest margins, scrub, rocky places on slopes; 600–1200 m. Hei-
Rosa farreri f. persetosa Stapf. longjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Korea].
Shrubs small, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets terete, slender; bris- 4b. Rosa koreana var. glandulosa T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Bull.
tles dense; prickles sparse. Leaves including petiole 3–5 cm; Bot. Res., Harbin 1(4): 6. 1981.
stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts lanceolate, glabrous,
margin glandular; rachis and petiole glandular pubescent and 腺叶长白蔷薇 xian ye chang bai qiang wei
sparsely prickly; leaflets 7–9(–11), ovate or elliptic, 5–18 × Abaxial surface of leaflets, petiole, and rachis densely
3–10 mm, glabrous or abaxially along midvein sparsely pubes- glandular.
cent, base cuneate or subrounded-obtuse or acute, margin entire
near base. Flower solitary, axillary, 1.5–2 cm in diam.; pedicel ● Mixed forest margins. E Jilin.
1–2.6 cm, glabrous, glandular or not; bracts absent, rarely pre- Based on its original description, the present authors suspect that
sent, then at base of pedicel, ovate, small. Hypanthium oblong, R. ussuriensis Juzepczuk (in Komarov Fl. URSS 10: 451, 637. 1941)
glabrous. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, abaxially glabrous, adaxi- may be identical with R. koreana var. glandulosa, although Juzepczuk
ally tomentose, margin entire, apex attenuate into a linear part. compared it with R. oxyacantha. The status of R. ussuriensis needs
Petals 5, pink, pinkish, or white, obovate or oblong, apex emar- further study.
ginate. Styles not exserted, much shorter than stamens, densely 5. Rosa kokanica (Regel) Regel ex Juzepczuk in Komarov, Fl.
pubescent. Hip deep red, ellipsoid or ovoid-oblong, 8–12 mm, URSS 10: 476. 1941.
glabrous, with a short neck at apex and persistent sepals; pedi-
cel 1–2.6 cm, glabrous. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jun–Sep. 腺叶蔷薇 xian ye qiang wei

● Scrub; 1500–2800 m. Gansu, Sichuan. Rosa platyacantha Schrenk var. kokanica Regel, Trudy
 ROSACEAE

Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 313. 1878; R. platyacantha glabrous, robust when old; prickles scattered, straight, to 1.2
var. variabilis Regel; R. xanthina Lindley var. kokanica (Regel) cm, stout, flat, gradually tapering to a broad, elliptic base, base
Boulenger. often ca. as long as prickle, intermixed with smaller prickles
and bristles. Leaves including petiole 4–8 cm; stipules elongate,
Shrubs small, 1.5–2 m tall. Branchlets spreading, straight,
mostly adnate to petiole, free parts short, auriculate, glabrous,
rough; prickles dense, straight, fine, firm, flat, tapering to an el-
margin sparsely glandular pubescent; rachis and petiole glan-
liptic base, intermixed with glandular hairs on young branches.
dular when young; leaflets 5–13, ovate, elliptic, or obovate, 8–
Leaves including petiole 4.5–8 cm; stipules mostly adnate to
20 × 5–12 mm, glabrous, abaxially with prominent midvein, ad-
petiole, free parts ovate, margin serrate and glandular; rachis
axially concave, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin
and petiole with short bristles, glandular; leaflets 5–7(–9),
entire or acutely serrate, apex acuminate. Flowers axillary, sol-
ovate, elliptic, or obovate, 1–2.2 × 0.6–1.3 cm, abaxially glan-
itary, 4–5.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–2 cm, glabrous; bracts
dular or sparsely pubescent, with prominent midvein, adaxially
absent. Hypanthium subglobose, abaxially glabrous. Sepals 5,
glabrous or subglabrous, base broadly cuneate or subrounded,
lanceolate, ca. 2 × as long as hypanthium, abaxially glabrous,
margin acutely doubly serrate, teeth often glandular apically,
adaxially slightly pubescent, midvein conspicuous, margin en-
rounded-obtuse, rarely acute. Flower solitary, axillary, 2–4(–6)
tire, apex acuminate. Petals 5, light yellow, broadly obovate,
cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–3 cm, glandular or not, glabrous;
base broadly cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, shorter than
bracts absent. Hypanthium subglobose, abaxially glandular his-
stamens, slightly exserted, white villous. Hip purple-red or
pid, with short prickles, or glabrous. Sepals 5, lanceolate, abax-
black-brown, depressed-globose, 1.2–1.5 cm in diam., glabrous,
ially glandular or not, adaxially sparsely puberulous, irregularly
2- or 3-pinnately lobed, apex long acuminate. Petals 5, pale yel- shiny, with persistent, reflexed sepals; pedicel 1–2 cm, gla-
low or white, broadly obovate, apex emarginate. Styles free, brous. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
much shorter than stamens, slightly exserted, densely pubes- ● Scrub at forest margins, thickets, open slopes; 600–2300 m.
cent. Hip dark purple or dark brown, subglobose, ca. 1 cm in Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan.
diam., with persistent, spreading or erect sepals; pedicel 1.5–3 8. Rosa xanthina Lindley, Ros. Monogr. 132. 1820
cm, glandular hispid, with short prickles or glabrous. Fl. May–
Jul, fr. Aug–Nov. 黄刺玫 huang ci mei
Slopes at forest margins, an important species in Larix forests; Rosa xanthinoides Nakai.
1500–2500 m. Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia; SW Asia
Shrubs erect, 2–3 m tall. Branchlets diffuse, dense, gla-
(Iran)].
brous, robust when old; prickles paired below some leaves, fre-
6. Rosa platyacantha Schrenk, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. quently opposite elsewhere, straight, to 1.2 cm, stout, flat,
Saint-Pétersbourg 10: 252. 1842. abruptly flaring to an elliptic base, small prickles and bristles
absent. Leaves including petiole 3–5 cm; stipules mostly adnate
宽刺蔷薇 kuan ci qiang wei
to petiole, free parts linear-lanceolate, margin serrate and glan-
Shrubs small, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets spreading, robust, dular; rachis and petiole sparsely pubescent, sometimes with
glabrous; prickles abundant, yellow, straight or curved, to 8 small prickles; leaflets 7–13, broadly ovate or suborbicular,
mm, firm, flat, widening to a broad elliptic base. Leaves in- rarely elliptic, 6–18 × 5–10, abaxially sparsely pubescent when
cluding petiole 3–5 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free young, glabrescent, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate or
parts lanceolate, glandular serrate; rachis and petiole glandular subrounded, margin crenate or obtusely serrate, apex rounded-
when young; leaflets 5–7(–9), suborbicular, obovate, or oblong, obtuse. Flower solitary, axillary, 3–4(–5) cm in diam.; pedicel
8–15 × 5–10 mm, leathery, glabrous or abaxially along veins 1–1.5 cm, glabrous, not glandular; bracts absent. Hypanthium
sparsely pubescent, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, mar- subglobose or obovate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals 5, lanceolate,
gin 4–6-serrate at upper part, entire below, apex rounded-ob- abaxially glabrous, adaxially sparsely pubescent, margin entire,
tuse. Flower solitary, or 2 or 3 and fasciculate, axillary, 3–5 cm apex acuminate. Petals 5 or double, yellow, broadly obovate,
in diam.; pedicel 1–3.5 cm, usually glabrous; bracts absent. Hy- base broadly cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, much short-
panthium globose or ovoid, abaxially glabrous. Sepals 5, lan- er than stamens, slightly exserted, villous. Hip purple-brown or
ceolate, ca. 2 × as long as hypanthium, adaxially pubescent, black-brown, subglobose or obovoid, 8–10 mm in diam., gla-
margin entire, apex acuminate. Petals 5, yellow, obovate, base brous, with persistent, reflexed sepals; pedicel 1–1.5 cm, gla-
cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, shorter than stamens, brous. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 14*.
slightly exserted, yellowish white villous. Hip dark red or pur- ● Scrub, open slopes. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning,
ple-brown, globose or ovoid, ca. 1 cm in diam., shiny, with Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi; also frequently cultivated in
persistent, erect sepals; pedicel 1–3.5 cm, usually glabrous. Fl. N and NE China.
May–Aug, fr. Aug–Nov. 2n = 14*. Two forms may be recognized: Rosa xanthina f. normalis Rehder
Forests, forest margins, scrub, stream sides, arid slopes, waste & E. H. Wilson (in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 342. 1915; R. xanthina f.
fields; 1100–1800 m. Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Mongolia]. spontanea Rehder), which has single flowers with 5 petals, and f. xan-
thina, which has double or semidouble flowers and is frequently planted
7. Rosa hugonis Hemsley, Bot. Mag. 131: t. 8004. 1905. in gardens and parks.

黄蔷薇 huang qiang wei 9. Rosa primula Boulenger, Bull. Jard. Bot. État 14: 121. 1936.
Shrubs small, ca. 2.5 m tall. Branchlets purple-red, terete, 樱草蔷薇 ying cao qiang wei
 ROSACEAE

Shrubs erect, small, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets terete, slender, dular serrate; rachis and petiole shortly prickly and glandular
glabrous; prickles sparse to numerous, paired below some pubescent; leaflets 9–11, rarely 7, ovate or elliptic, 8–20 × 7–12
leaves, frequently opposite elsewhere, straight, to 1.5 cm, stout, mm, abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent, often glandular,
flat, gradually tapering to a broad elliptic base, small prickles adaxially glabrous, base cuneate or subrounded, margin acutely
and bristles absent. Leaves including petiole 3–7 cm; stipules doubly serrate or partly simply serrate, teeth sometimes glan-
mostly adnate to petiole, free parts ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, dular apically, apex acute or rounded-obtuse. Flower solitary,
margin inconspicuously serrate and glandular; rachis and peti- axillary, 2.5–3.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm, glabrous,
ole sparsely glandular; leaflets (7–)9–15, elliptic, elliptic-obo- sometimes sparsely glandular pubescent; bracts absent. Hypan-
vate, or long elliptic, 6–15 × 3–8 mm, glabrous, abaxially with thium oblong-ovoid, glabrous. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, leaf-
prominent midvein, densely glandular punctate, base sub- like, abaxially glabrous, adaxially white tomentose, margin en-
rounded or broadly cuneate, margin doubly obtusely serrate, tire or sometimes serrate. Petals 5, pink or deep red, obovate,
apex rounded-obtuse or acute. Flower solitary, axillary, 2.5–4 base cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, slightly exserted,
cm in diam.; pedicel 8–10 mm, glabrous; bracts absent. Hypan- slightly shorter than stamens, densely pubescent. Hip red, obo-
thium ovoid or subglobose, glabrous. Sepals 5, lanceolate, void or oblong-obovoid, 2–3 cm, with persistent, erect sepals;
abaxially glabrous, adaxially sparsely villous, margin entire, pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm, glabrous. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct.
apex acuminate. Petals 5, yellowish or yellow-white, obovate,
● Picea forests, scrub at forest margins, slopes; 3300–4500 m.
base broadly cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, shorter than Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
stamens, slightly exserted, villous. Hip red or black-brown,
ovoid or subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous, with persis- 12. Rosa tsinglingensis Pax & Hoffmann, Repert. Spec. Nov.
tent, reflexed sepals; pedicel to 1.5 cm, glabrous. Fl. May–Jul, Regni Veg. Beih. 12: 414. 1922.
fr. Jul–Nov.
秦岭蔷薇 qin ling qiang wei
● Forests, scrub, slopes; 800–2500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan,
Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan. Shrubs small, 2–3 m tall. Branchlets slender; prickles
sparse, occasionally bristly and glandular pubescent. Leaves
10. Rosa foetida Herrmann var. persiana (Lemaire) Rehder,
including petiole 5–11 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole,
Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 222. 1916.
apical free parts auriculate, glabrous, margin glandular ser-
异味蔷薇 yi wei qiang wei rate; rachis and petiole sparsely prickly and glandular pu-
bescent; leaflets 11–13, rarely 9, elliptic or oblong, 1–2 × 0.8–
Rosa lutea Miller var. persiana Lemaire, Fl. Serres Jard. 1.2 cm, abaxially glabrous or subglabrous, along midvein
Eur. 4: t. 374. 1848. glandular pubescent, adaxially glabrous, with concave veins,
Shrubs 1.5–3 m tall. Branchlets red-brown, slender, gla- base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin doubly or simply
brous; prickles sparse, terete, straight, to 7 mm, abruptly flaring serrate, teeth glandular apically when young, apex rounded-
at base, sometimes intermixed with small prickles and bristles. obtuse or acute. Flower solitary, axillary, 2.5–3 cm in diam.;
Leaves including petiole 4–6 cm; stipules mostly adnate to pedicel 1.5–2 cm, sparsely glandular pubescent; bracts present
petiole, free parts ovate-lanceolate, margin glandular pubescent, or not. Hypanthium glabrous. Sepals 5, triangular-lanceolate,
apex acuminate; rachis and petiole pubescent and glandular leaflike, abaxially glabrous, adaxially densely pubescent, mar-
pubescent; leaflets 5–9, rarely 11, dark green adaxially, broadly gin entire or serrate. Petals 5, white, obovate, base cuneate,
ovate or obovate, abaxially sparsely pubescent and glandular apex emarginate. Styles free, slightly exserted, much shorter
pubescent, adaxially pubescent or subglabrous, base subround- than stamens, densely pubescent. Hip red-brown, obovoid or
ed or broadly cuneate, margin doubly serrate, apex acute or oblong-obovoid, 2–3 cm, with persistent, erect sepals; pedicel
truncate. Flowers solitary, rarely several, double, 4–6.5 cm in 1.5–2 cm, sparsely glandular pubescent. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep.
diam.; pedicel 4–5 cm, glabrous; bracts absent. Hypanthium de-
● Betula forests, scrub; 2800–3700 m. Gansu, Shaanxi.
pressed-globose, glabrous. Sepals 5, ca. 2 × as long as hypan-
thium, triangular-lanceolate, leaflike, abaxially sparsely pubes- One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.
cent and glandular pubescent, adaxially densely villous, margin
entire or outer ones with a few fine lateral appendages. Petals 5, 13. Rosa taronensis T. T. Yu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(4): 6.
deep yellow. Styles free, not exserted, pubescent. Hip red, glo- 1981.
bose, with persistent, erect sepals. 俅江蔷薇 qiu jiang qiang wei
Cultivated. S Xinjiang (Yutian Xian) [native to SW Asia].
Shrubs 1–2.5 m tall. Branchlets terete, often glabrous;
11. Rosa graciliflora Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. prickles paired at leaf bases, terete, straight, to 8 mm, abruptly
Wilson. 2: 330. 1915. flaring to a broad base; bristles dense, much shorter than prick-
les. Leaves including petiole 4–10 cm; stipules broad, mostly
细梗蔷薇 xi geng qiang wei
adnate to petiole, free parts ovate, glabrous, apex caudate; ra-
Shrubs erect, small, ca. 4 m tall. Branchlets terete, slender, chis and petiole glabrous, with numerous small prickles; leaflets
glabrous or subglabrous, sometimes glandular pubescent; prick- 7–9(–13), oblong or oblong-obovate, 1–3 × 0.5–1.2 cm, gla-
les sparse, terete, mostly straight, to 1 cm, fine, abruptly flaring brous or abaxially along midvein sparsely pubescent and with
to a broad base. Leaves including petiole 5–8 cm; stipules most- small prickles, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin
ly adnate to petiole, free parts auriculate, glabrous, margin glan- acutely serrate at upper 1/3–1/2 part, entire at lower part, apex
 ROSACEAE

truncate. Flower solitary, 3.5–4 cm in diam.; pedicel to 1.2 cm, Shrubs small, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets glabrous; prickles in
glabrous; bracts absent. Hypanthium obconic, glabrous. Sepals pairs below leaves, straight, to 1.3 cm, flat; bristles sometimes
4, broadly ovate, abaxially pubescent or subglabrous, adaxially present and dense. Leaves including petiole 3–5 cm; stipules
densely yellow-white villous, margin entire, apex shortly cau- adnate to petiole, free parts oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, margin
date. Petals 4, yellowish, broadly obovate, base broadly cune- entire or sparsely crenate and glandular, apex acuminate; rachis
ate, apex emarginate. Styles free, slightly exserted, shorter than and petiole with a few short prickles, glandular pubescent; leaf-
stamens. Hip orange-yellow, obconic, ca. 1 cm in diam., usually lets 7–11(–13), obovate or oblong, 6–12 × 5–8 mm, glabrous,
with persistent, erect sepals; pedicel turgid at base, to 1.2 cm, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin acutely serrate in
glabrous. upper part, entire below, apex rounded-obtuse or truncate.
● Mixed forests, grassy places; 2400–3300 m. NW Yunnan. Flower solitary at tips of short branches, axillary, ca. 2.5 cm in
diam.; pedicel 1–1.5 cm, glabrous or subglabrous; bracts ab-
14. Rosa omeiensis Rolfe, Bot. Mag. 138: t. 8471. 1912. sent. Hypanthium pyriform or oblong, glabrous. Sepals 4, lan-
峨眉蔷薇 e mei qiang wei ceolate, abaxially glabrous, sometimes sparsely glandular, adax-
ially densely pubescent, margin entire, apex long acuminate.
Rosa sericea Lindley f. aculeatoeglandulosa Focke; R. Petals 4, white, slightly long obovate, base cuneate, apex round-
sericea f. inermieglandulosa Focke; R. sorbus H. Léveillé. ed. Styles free, exserted, much shorter than stamens, stout, vil-
Shrubs erect, 1–4 m tall. Branchlets slender; prickles ab- lous. Hip red, pyriform or obovoid, 6–8(–15) mm in diam., with
sent or if present, paired below leaves, terete, straight, to 7 mm, persistent, spreading sepals; pedicel ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous. Fl.
abruptly flaring to a broad base, or prickles winglike, to 1.5 cm Jun–Jul.
and 3 cm in diam.; bristles absent or if present, dense. Leaves ● Alpine regions; 3200–4200 m. Taiwan (Yushan).
including petiole 3–6 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free
parts triangular-ovate, margin serrate or entire, sometimes 16. Rosa sericea Lindley, Ros. Monogr. 105. 1820.
glandular; rachis and petiole with a few small prickles; leaflets 绢毛蔷薇 juan mao qiang wei
(5–)9–13(–17), oblong or elliptic-oblong, 8–30 × 4–10 mm,
abaxially glabrous or pubescent, glandular or not, adaxially Rosa tetrapetala Royle; R. wallichii Trattinnick.
glabrous, with concave midvein, base rounded-obtuse or broad-
Shrubs erect, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets purple-red or purple-
ly cuneate, margin acutely serrate, apex acute or rounded-ob-
brown, glabrous, robust when old; prickles absent or in pairs
tuse. Flower solitary, axillary, 2.5–3.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 6–
below leaves and scattered, terete, to 1.2 cm, fine to robust, ab-
20 mm, glabrous; bracts absent. Hypanthium obovoid or pyri-
ruptly flaring to a broad base, or prickles winglike, to 1.2 cm
form, glabrous. Sepals 4, lanceolate, abaxially subglabrous, adax-
and 3.5 cm in diam.; bristles sometimes dense. Leaves incl-
ially sparsely pubescent, margin entire, apex acuminate or long
uding petiole 3.5–8 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free
caudate. Petals 4, white, obtriangular-ovate, base broadly cune-
parts auriculate, pubescent or glabrous, margin glandular; ra-
ate, apex emarginate. Styles free, shorter than stamens, villous.
chis and petiole pubescent, sometimes sparsely prickly and
Hip bright to deep red or yellow, obovoid or pyriform, 8–15
glandular pubescent; leaflets (5–)7–11(–13), ovate or obovate,
mm in diam., glabrous or glandular pubescent, with persistent,
rarely obovate-oblong, 8–20 × 5–8 mm, abaxially sericeous-
erect sepals; pedicel yellow, tapering to hip, 6–20 mm, stout,
villous or subglabrous to glabrous, glandular or not, adaxially
fleshy, glabrous. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep.
glabrous, rugose, base broadly cuneate, margin serrate in upper
● Abies forests, thickets, scrub, pastures, hillsides, slopes; 700– part, entire below, apex rounded-obtuse or acute. Flower soli-
4000 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, tary, axillary, 2.5–5 cm in diam.; pedicels 1–2 cm, glabrous;
Xizang, Yunnan. bracts absent. Hypanthium obovoid or globose, subglabrous.
Four forms can be recognized: R. omeiensis f. omeiensis, which Sepals 4, ovate-lanceolate, abaxially sparsely pubescent or sub-
has leaflets abaxially pubescent to subglabrous and non-glandular; f. glabrous, adaxially villous, margin entire, apex acuminate or
glandulosa T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku (Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(4): 7. 1981), acute. Petals 4, white, broadly obovate, base broadly cuneate,
which has abaxially densely glandular leaflets; f. pteracantha Rehder & apex emarginate. Styles free, shorter than stamens, slightly ex-
E. H. Wilson (in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 332. 1915), which has branches serted, villous. Hip red or purple-brown, obovoid or globose, 8–
with purple, broad, flat, winglike prickles; and f. paucijuga T. T. Yu &
15 mm in diam., glabrous, with persistent, erect sepals; pedicel
T. C. Ku (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 502. 1986), which has only 5–9 gla-
1–2 cm, glabrous, usually not fleshy. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
brous leaflets, slightly turgid fruiting pedicels, and is intermediate be-
tween R. omeiensis and R. sericea. 2n = 14.

The root bark, which contains about 16% tannin, is used for tan- Sparse woods, forest margins, scrub, valley slopes, dry valleys,
ning. The sweet, edible fruit are used medicinally and to ferment wine. cliffs, mountain summits, gravels, dry sunny places; 2000–4400 m. Gui-
zhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Sikkim].
15. Rosa morrisonensis Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo
Four forms can be recognized: f. sericea, which has leaflets abax-
30(1): 97. 1911.
ially pubescent, non-glandular; f. glandulosa T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku (Acta
玉山蔷薇 yu shan qiang wei Phytotax. Sin. 18: 503. 1980), which has leaflets abaxially pubescent
and glandular; f. glabrescens Franchet (Pl. Delavay. 220. 1890), which
Rosa sericea Lindley var. morrisonensis (Hayata) Masa- has leaflets abaxially glabrous or subglabrous; and f. pteracantha Fran-
mune. chet (loc. cit.), which has branches with broad, flat, winglike prickles.
 ROSACEAE

17. Rosa mairei H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. cuneate, margin densely doubly serrate, apex rounded-obtuse or
11: 299. 1912. truncate. Flower solitary, axillary, ca. 2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel
8–12 mm, glandular pubescent; bracts absent. Hypanthium ov-
毛叶蔷薇 mao ye qiang wei oid, glabrous. Sepals 4, ovate-lanceolate, abaxially sparsely
Shrubs small, 0.5–2 m tall. Branchlets red-purple or pubescent and glandular, adaxially densely pubescent, margin
brown-purple, terete, robust; prickles in pairs below leaves, entire, apex long acuminate. Petals 4, white, obovate, base
straight, to 1 cm, fine to stout or winglike on same plant, broadly cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, much shorter
gradually tapering to thickened base, winged prickles to 2 cm in than stamens, villous. Hip red, subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam.,
diam.; bristles scattered to dense on older stems. Leaves inclu- abaxially glandular pubescent; pedicel 8–12 mm, slender, glan-
ding petiole 2–7 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts dular pubescent. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep.
ovate, pubescent, margin serrate or entire; rachis and petiole ● Scrub, river sides, roadsides; 2900–4200 m. Sichuan, Xizang,
sericeous; leaflets 5–9(–11), oblong-ovate or obovate, some- Yunnan.
times oblong, 6–20 × 4–10 mm, both surfaces sericeous, base One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.
cuneate or subrounded, margin serrate at upper 1/3–2/3 part,
Two forms may be recognized: f. sikangensis, which has leaflets
apex rounded-obtuse or truncate. Flower solitary, axillary, 2–3 adaxially glandular and f. pilosa T. C. Ku (Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin
cm in diam.; pedicel 8–15 mm, pubescent; bracts absent. Hyp- 10(1): 1. 1990), which has leaflets adaxially eglandular or glandular
anthium ovoid, glabrous. Sepals 4, ovate or lanceolate, abax- only along the veins.
ially sparsely pubescent, adaxially densely pubescent, margin
19. Rosa zhongdianensis T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin
entire, apex acuminate. Petals 4, white, broadly obovate, base
10(1): 1. 1990.
cuneate, apex undulate. Styles free, much shorter than stamens,
slightly exserted, pubescent. Hip red or brown, ovoid-globose, 中甸蔷薇 zhong dian qiang wei
ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous, with persistent, erect or reflexed
Shrubs small, ca. 2 m tall. Branchlets red-brown, terete,
sepals; pedicel 8–15 mm, pubescent. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul–Oct.
usually glabrous; prickles in pairs below leaves, rarely sparse,
● Stream sides in forests, sunny slopes; 2300–4200 m. Guizhou, flat, broad at base. Leaves including petiole 1.5–2.8 cm; stip-
Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan. ules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts oblong, glandular
pubescent or glabrous abaxially, margin glandular pubescent,
18. Rosa sikangensis T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Acta Phytotax. Sin.
apex rounded; rachis and petiole pubescent and glandular
18: 501. 1980.
pubescent; leaflets (5–)7, obovate, 5–8 × 3–5 mm, abaxially
川西蔷薇 chuan xi qiang wei glabrous, glandular often along veins, adaxially densely
pubescent, base cuneate, margin densely doubly serrate,
Shrubs small, 1–1.5 m tall. Branchlets terete, subglabrous;
densely glandular apically, apex rounded or truncate. Flower
prickles in pairs below leaves, or sparse and intermixed with
solitary, axillary; pedicel 5–7 mm, glabrous; bracts absent.
dense slender bristles; bristles glandular apically when young.
Hypanthium obovoid, glabrous. Sepals 4, lanceolate, 9–12
Leaves including petiole 3–5 cm; stipules broad, mostly adnate
mm, both surfaces densely pubescent, margin entire, apex long
to petiole, free parts ovate or hooked, pubescent or glabrous,
acuminate, caudate. Petals 4, white. Styles free, shortly
margin glandular; rachis and petiole pubescent and glandular
exserted, shorter than stamens, pilose. Hip dark red, obovoid,
pubescent, sparsely small prickly; leaflets 7–9(–13), oblong or
obovate, 6–10 × 4–8 mm, abaxially pubescent and glandular, glabrous; pedicel glabrous. Fr. Jul–Sep.
adaxially glabrous or pubescent, base subrounded or broadly ● About 2600 m. NW Yunnan (Zhongdian Xian).

2. Rosa sect. Cinnamomeae Candolle ex Seringe, Mus. Helv. Bot. 1: 2.1818.

桂味组 gui wei zu
Shrubs erect, with prickles in pairs or scattered, often bristly. Stipules broad or narrow, adnate to petiole; leaflets 5–15. Flowers
usually numerous, rarely solitary, with large, broad bracts. Sepals often entire, after anthesis erect, persistent, rarely deciduous; styles
free, not or slightly exserted.
About 50 species: Asia, Europe, North America; 36 species (26 endemic) in China.

20. Rosa beggeriana Schrenk in Fischer & C. A. Meyer, tic-obovate, 8–25 × 5–12 mm, both surfaces pubescent, densely
Enum. Pl. Nov. 1: 73. 1841. so, or glabrous, midvein prominent abaxially, concave adaxial-
ly, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin acutely simply
弯刺蔷薇 wan ci qiang wei
serrate, near base entire, apex acute or rounded-obtuse. Flowers
Shrubs 1.5–3 m tall. Branchlets purple-brown, terete, several or numerous in corymb or panicle, rarely solitary, 2–3
slightly curved, glabrous; prickles scattered and in pairs below cm in diam.; pedicel 1–2 cm, glabrous or pubescent, occasion-
leaves, yellowish, hooked, to 8 mm, slender to stout, gradually ally sparsely glandular pubescent; bracts 1–3(or 4), ovate, mar-
tapering to broad base. Leaves including petiole 3–9 cm; stip- gin glandular serrate, apex acuminate. Hypanthium subglobose,
ules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts ovate, margin glandular pubescent, densely so, or glabrous. Sepals 5, deciduous, lanceo-
serrate, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole pubescent, some- late, leaflike, abaxially glandular pubescent, adaxially densely
times with small prickles; leaflets 5–9, broadly elliptic or ellip- puberulous, margin entire, apex caudate. Petals 5, white, rarely
 ROSACEAE

pink, broadly obovate, base broadly cuneate, apex emarginate. lous. Hip orange-red, pyriform or ellipsoid, 8–18 mm in diam.,
Styles free, much shorter than stamens, villous. Hip red, becom- after ripening apical part of hypanthium and sepals deciduous
ing black-purple, subglobose, rarely ovoid, 6–10 mm in diam., together. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct.
glabrous, after ripening apical part of hypanthium and sepals
Picea or Pinus forests, forest margins, slopes; 1200–2000 m. Gan-
deciduous together. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul–Oct. 2n = 14*.
su, Qinghai, Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia (W Siberia)].
Slopes, valleys, river sides, roadsides; 500–2200 m. Gansu, Xin-
22. Rosa prattii Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 307. 1892.
jiang [Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia].

1a. Leaflets adaxially glabrous, abaxially 铁杆蔷薇 tie gan qiang wei
pubescent or glabrous; pedicels and Shrubs 1–2.5 m tall. Branchlets purple-brown or red-
hypanthium glabrous, or pedicels brown, terete, slightly curved, slender; prickles scattered, ye-
occasionally sparsely glandular llow, straight, to 1 cm, sometimes intermixed with numerous
pubescent ............................................ 20a. var. beggeriana bristles; bristles sometimes glandular. Leaves including petiole
1b. Leaflets densely pubescent on both 5–10 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts ovate,
surfaces; pedicels and hypanthium margin glandular serrate, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole
densely pubescent ........................................ 20b. var. lioui pubescent and glandular pubescent, occasionally with small
20a. Rosa beggeriana var. beggeriana prickles; leaflets 7–15, elliptic or oblong, 6–20 × 4–10 mm,
abaxially pubescent along prominent midvein, adaxially gla-
弯刺蔷薇(原变种) wan ci qiang wei (yuan bian zhong) brous, with concave midvein, base subrounded or broadly cune-
Leaflets abaxially pubescent or glabrous, adaxially gla- ate, margin serrulate, sometimes near base entire, slightly revo-
brous. Pedicel and hypanthium glabrous, or pedicels occasion- lute, apex acute or obtuse. Flowers 2–7, in umbel-like corymb,
ally sparsely glandular pubescent. rarely solitary, ca. 2 cm in diam.; pedicel 8–30 mm, glandular
pubescent; bracts ovate, margin glandular serrate, apex acumi-
Slopes, valleys, river sides, roadsides; 900–2000 m. Gansu, Xin- nate or caudate. Hypanthium fusiform, glabrous or glandular
jiang [Afghanistan, Mongolia, Kazakhstan]. pubescent. Sepals 5, deciduous, ovate-lanceolate, abaxially
20b. Rosa beggeriana var. lioui (T. T. Yu & H. T. Tsai) T. T. sparsely pubescent and glandular pubescent, adaxially densely
Yu & T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(4): 8. 1981. pubescent, margin entire, apex dilated and caudate. Petals 5,
pink, broadly obovate, base broadly cuneate, apex emarginate.
毛叶弯刺蔷薇 mao ye wan ci qiang wei Styles free, much shorter than stamens, densely villous. Hip
Rosa lioui T. T. Yu & H. T. Tsai, Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. deep red, ovoid or ellipsoid, 5–8 mm in diam., with a short
Biol., Bot. Ser., 7: 115. 1936. neck, after ripening apical part of hypanthium and sepals decid-
uous together. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct.
Leaflets densely pubescent on both surfaces. Pedicel and
● Broad-leaved and coniferous forests, scrub on open slopes;
hypanthium densely pubescent.
1900–3000 m. Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan.
● Valleys, river sides; 500–2200 m. Xinjiang.
23. Rosa willmottiae Hemsley, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1907:
21. Rosa albertii Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 317. 1907.
8: 278. 1883.
小叶蔷薇 xiao ye qiang wei
腺齿蔷薇 xian chi qiang wei
Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branchlets slender, glabrous; prickles in
Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets gray-brown or purple- pairs below leaves, numerous, terete, straight, to 1.2 cm, slen-
brown, glabrous; prickles scattered, straight, slender, usually der, abruptly flaring at base, old branches rarely bristly. Leaves
densely bristly; bristles with rounded disk basally. Leaves in- including petiole 2–4 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free
cluding petiole 3–8 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts ovate-lanceolate, margin glandular serrate or entire; apex
parts ovate-lanceolate, margin glandular pubescent, apex acu- acute; rachis and petiole glabrous or sparsely pubescent,
minate; rachis and petiole puberulous, glandular pubescent, and glandular pubescent and shortly prickly; leaflets 7–9, rarely 11,
sparsely prickly; leaflets 5–7, ovate, elliptic, obovate, or sub- elliptic, obovate, or suborbicular, 6–17 × 4–12 mm, abaxially
orbicular, 8–30 × 5–18 mm, abaxially puberulous, adaxially glabrous or puberulous along midvein, glandular or not, adaxi-
glabrous, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin doubly ally glabrous, base subrounded, rarely broadly cuneate, margin
or simply serrate, apex rounded-obtuse or acute. Flower soli- simply serrate, doubly serrate above middle, apex rounded-ob-
tary, or 2 or 3 and fasciculate, 3–4 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–3 tuse. Flower solitary, ca. 3 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–1.5 cm, often
cm, glandular pubescent or not; bracts ovate, glabrous or some- glandular pubescent; bracts ovate-lanceolate, abaxially with
times abaxially glandular pubescent, margin glandular pubes- distinct midvein, margin glandular serrate, apex caudate. Hy-
cent, apex acuminate. Hypanthium oblong, glabrous. Sepals 5, panthium oblong to subglobose, glabrous. Sepals 5, triangular-
ovate-lanceolate, sometimes leaflike, abaxially glabrous, some- lanceolate, abaxially glabrous, adaxially densely pubescent,
times glandular pubescent, adaxially densely pubescent, apex margin entire, apex elongate. Petals 5, pink, obovate, base cu-
caudate. Petals 5, white, broadly obovate, base broadly cuneate, neate, apex emarginate. Styles free, much shorter than stamens,
apex emarginate. Styles free, much shorter than stamens, vil- densely pubescent. Hip orange-red, oblong or subglobose, ca. 1
 ROSACEAE

cm in diam., glabrous, shiny, when ripening apical part of hy- abaxially slightly pubescent, base cuneate, apex emarginate.
panthium and sepals deciduous together. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul– Styles free, slightly exserted, much shorter than stamens,
Sep. pubescent. Hip deep red, oblong-ovoid, 1–2 cm in diam., with
a neck at apex, glandular pubescent or not, with persistent,
● Thickets, scrub, open slopes, stream sides, roadsides; 1300–
3800 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
erect sepals. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul–Oct.
● Scrub, slopes; 1800–2600 m. Hubei, Sichuan.
1a. Leaflets doubly serrate at upper margin,
simply serrate at lower margin, abaxially 25. Rosa corymbulosa Rolfe, Bot. Mag. 140: t. 8566. 1914.
glabrous or puberulous along midvein, 伞房蔷薇 san fang qiang wei
not glandular ...................................... 23a. var. willmottiae
1b. Leaflets doubly serrate along whole Shrubs small, 1.3–2 m tall. Branchlets terete, straight or
margin, abaxially unevenly glandular, slightly curved, glabrous; prickles absent or sparse, straight,
margin teeth glandular apically ....... 23b. var. glandulifera short, to 5 mm, stout, gradually tapering to base. Leaves includ-
ing petiole 5–13 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, flat, free
23a. Rosa willmottiae var. willmottiae parts ovate, margin glandular pubescent, apex acuminate; rachis
小叶蔷薇(原变种) xiao ye qiang wei (yuan bian zhong) and petiole sparsely puberulous, glandular pubescent, often
with tiny prickles; leaflets 3–5, rarely 7, ovate-oblong or ellip-
Leaflets doubly serrate at upper margin, simply serrate at tic, 2.5–6 × 1.5–3.5 cm, abaxially pubescent and paler, adaxi-
lower margin, abaxially glabrous or puberulous along midvein, ally glabrous, base cuneate or subrounded, margin doubly or
not glandular. simply serrate, apex acute or rounded-obtuse. Flowers numer-
● Scrub on open slopes, thickets; 2500–3800 m. Gansu, Sichuan, ous or several, in umbel-like corymb, rarely solitary, 2–2.5 cm
Xizang, Yunnan. in diam.; pedicel 2–4 cm, pubescent and glandular pubescent;
bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, margin glandular pubescent,
23b. Rosa willmottiae var. glandulifera T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku,
apex long acuminate. Hypanthium subglobose or ovoid, pubes-
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 503. 1980.
cent, glandular. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, leaflike, both sur-
多腺小叶蔷薇 duo xian xiao ye qiang wei faces pubescent, margin entire or inconspicuously serrate,
glandular pubescent, apex expanding. Petals 5, red, white at
Rosa willmottiae var. glandulosa T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku.
base, broadly obcordate, apex emarginate. Styles free,
Leaflets doubly serrate along whole margin, abaxially un- exserted, slightly shorter than or equaling stamens, densely
evenly glandular, margin teeth glandular apically. yellowish white villous. Hip bright red, globose or ovoid, ca.
8 mm in diam., with persistent, erect sepals. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr.
● Scrub on open slopes, roadsides; 2500–3800 m. Gansu, Si-
chuan, Xizang, Yunnan. Aug–Oct.
● Forests, thickets, scrub, slopes, river sides; 1600–2000 m. Gan-
24. Rosa setipoda Hemsley & E. H. Wilson, Bull. Misc. In-
su, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
form. Kew 1906: 158. 1906.
26. Rosa caudata Baker in E. Willmott, Rosa 2: 495. 1914.
刺梗蔷薇 ci geng qiang wei
尾萼蔷薇 wei e qiang wei
Rosa hemsleyana Tackholm; R. macrophylla Lindley var.
crasseaculeata Vilmorin. Shrubs to 4 m tall. Branchlets spreading, terete, glabrous;
prickles scattered, triangular, straight, stout. Leaves including
Shrubs to 3 m tall. Branchlets terete, slightly curved, gla- petiole 10–20 cm; stipules broad, mostly adnate to petiole, free
brous; prickles sparse to absent, straight or slightly curved, to 1 parts ovate, glandular pubescent or not, margin entire, apex acu-
cm, stout, flat, evenly tapering to a broader base. Leaves includ- minate; rachis and petiole sparsely glandular pubescent, shortly
ing petiole 8–19 cm; stipules broad, mostly adnate to petiole, prickly; leaflets 7–9, ovate, oblong-ovate, or elliptic-ovate, 3–
free parts auriculate, triangular-lanceolate, abaxially and at mar- 10 × 1–6 cm, glabrous or sparsely puberulous abaxially along
gin glandular, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole densely veins, with prominent midvein and lateral veins, base rounded
glandular pubescent and sparsely shortly prickly; leaflets 5– or broadly cuneate, margin simply serrate, apex acute or shortly
9, ovate, elliptic, or broadly elliptic, 2.5–5.2 × 1.2–3 cm, acuminate. Flowers numerous, in corymb, 3.5–6 cm in diam.;
abaxially pubescent and glandular, with prominent midvein and pedicel 1.5–4 cm, densely glandular pubescent or not; bracts
lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, base subrounded or broadly several, ovate, margin glandular or not, apex caudate. Hypan-
cuneate, margin doubly serrate, teeth often glandular apically, thium oblong, densely glandular pubescent or glabrous. Sepals
apex acute or rounded-obtuse. Flowers in lax corymb, 3.5–5 cm 5, triangular-ovate, to 3 cm, leaflike, abaxially glabrous, adax-
in diam.; pedicel 1.3–2.4 cm, glandular; bracts 2 or 3, ovate, ially densely puberulous, margin entire, apex caudate. Petals
abaxially reticulate, pubescent and glandular, margin irregularly 5, red, broadly obovate, abaxially glabrous or sericeous, base
serrate and glandular, apex acuminate. Hypanthium oblong or broadly cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, much shorter
ovoid, densely stipitate glandular, glands to 2 mm. Sepals 5, than stamens, pubescent. Hip orange-red, oblong, 2–2.5 cm,
ovate, leaflike, abaxially glandular, margin pinnately lobed or with persistent, often erect sepals. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Jul–Nov.
serrate, adaxially tomentose, teeth glandular apically, apex ● Valley forests, scrub, slopes; 1200–2500 m. Hubei, Shaanxi, Si-
long caudate. Petals 5, pink or rose-purple, broadly obovate, chuan.
 ROSACEAE

1a. Flowers 3.5–5 cm in diam., numerous in corymb; hip long ellipsoid, to 2.5 cm,
in corymb; petals abaxially glabrous; projecting at apex and base, fruiting
leaflets 3–7 × 1–3 cm .............................. 26a. var. caudata pedicel 3–4 cm ....................................... 27b. var. elongata
1b. Flowers larger, 4–6 cm in diam., 8–10 in
27a. Rosa davidii var. davidii
corymb; petals abaxially sericeous;
leaflets larger, 8–10 × 4–6 cm ................ 26b. var. maxima 西北蔷薇(原变种) xi bei qiang wei (yuan bian zhong)
26a. Rosa caudata var. caudata Leaflets 2.5–4(–6) × 1–2(–3) cm, abaxially densely puber-
ulous or sparsely pubescent. Flowers numerous in corymb. Hip
尾萼蔷薇(原变种) wei e qiang wei (yuan bian zhong)
long ellipsoid or long obovoid; pedicel 1–2 cm.
Leaflets 3–7 × 1–3 cm. Flowers numerous in corymb, 3.5– ● Forest margins, scrub; 1500–2600 m. Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi,
5 cm in diam. Petals abaxially glabrous. Sichuan, Yunnan.
● Scrub, slopes; 1600–2000 m. Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan. 27b. Rosa davidii var. elongata Rehder & E. H. Wilson in
26b. Rosa caudata var. maxima T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Bull. Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 323. 1915.
Bot. Res., Harbin 1(4): 8. 1981. 长果西北蔷薇 chang guo xi bei qiang wei
大花尾萼蔷薇 da hua wei e qiang wei Rosa parmentieri H. Léveillé
Leaflets large, 8–10 × 4–6 cm. Flowers 8–10 in corymb, Leaflets large, 5–7 × 1.5–3 cm, abaxially pubescent, rarely
large, 4–6 cm in diam. Petals abaxially sericeous. glabrous. Flowers 3–7 in corymb. Hip long ellipsoid, to 2.5 cm,
● Valley forests, open slopes; 1200–2500 m. Shaanxi (Gouchang
projecting at apex and base; pedicel 3–4 cm.
Xian), C Sichuan (Tianquan Xian). ● Thickets; 1600–3000 m. Shaanxi, Sichuan.
27. Rosa davidii Crépin, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 13: 28. Rosa banksiopsis Baker in E. Willmott, Rosa 2: 503. 1914.
253. 1873.
拟木香 ni mu xiang
西北蔷薇 xi bei qiang wei
Shrubs small, 1–3 m tall. Branchlets terete; prickles mostly
Shrubs 1.5–4 m tall. Branchlets spreading, terete, slender, absent, or if present, small. Leaves including petiole 5–13 cm;
glabrous; prickles sparse to scattered, triangular, straight or stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts ovate, glabrous,
slightly curved, flat, gradually tapering to broad base. Leaves auriculate, margin glandular serrate or entire, apex acuminate;
including petiole 7–14 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, rachis and petiole glabrous, or sparsely shortly prickly and
free parts ovate, margin glandular, apex apiculate; rachis and glandular pubescent; leaflets 7–9, ovate or oblong, abaxially
petiole puberulous, glandular pubescent, sparsely shortly prick- glabrous or sparsely pubescent, with prominent midvein and
ly; leaflets 7–9, rarely 11 or 5, 2.5–7 × 1–2(–3) cm, abaxially lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, with concave midvein and
densely puberulous or sparsely pubescent, rarely glabrous, lateral veins, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin acutely
adaxially usually glabrous, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, simply serrate, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Flowers nu-
margin acutely simply serrate, apex acute. Flowers 3 to numer- merous in corymb, 2–3 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–2.5 cm, gla-
ous in corymb, 2–3 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm, pubescent brous, sparsely puberulous or stipitate glandular; bracts ovate
and stipitate glandular, glands to 3 mm; bracts large, ovate or or lanceolate, sparsely puberulous, margin glandular serrate or
lanceolate, both surfaces puberulous, margin entire, apex acu- entire, apex caudate-acuminate. Hypanthium ovoid. Sepals 5,
minate. Hypanthium elliptic or long ovoid, densely stipitate ovate-lanceolate, leaflike, abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubes-
glandular. Sepals 5, ovate, leaflike, both surfaces puberulous, cent, adaxially densely pubescent, stipitate glandular. Petals 5,
abaxially glandular pubescent, margin entire. Petals 5, deep pink or rose, obovate, apex emarginate. Styles free, slightly
pink, broadly obovate, base broadly cuneate, apex emarginate. exserted, much shorter than stamens, densely villous. Hip
Styles free, slightly exserted, shorter than or nearly equaling orange-red, ovoid, ca. 8 mm in diam., glabrous or stipitate
stamens, densely pubescent. Hip deep red or orange-red, long glandular, with persistent, erect sepals. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Jul–Sep.
ellipsoid or long obovoid, 1–1.5 × 1.8–2.5 cm, with a long neck
at apex, glandular pubescent or not, with persistent, erect sepals. ● Forests, thickets; 1200–2100 m. Gansu, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaan-
xi, Sichuan.
Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep.
● Forest margins, scrub; 1500–3000 m. Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, 29. Rosa rugosa Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 473.
Sichuan, Yunnan. 1784.

1a. Leaflets 2.5–4(–6) × 1–2(–3) cm, abaxially 玫瑰 mei gui

densely puberulous or sparsely pubescent;
Rosa ferox Lawrence; R. pubescens Baker.
flowers numerous in corymb; hip long
ellipsoid or long obovoid, fruiting Shrubs erect, to 2 m tall. Stems fasciculate, robust; branch-
pedicel 1–2 cm .......................................... 27a. var. davidii lets tomentose; prickles dense, yellowish, terete, straight, great-
1b. Leaflets larger, 5–7 × 1.5–3 cm, abaxially ly variable in size and intermixed, to 5 mm, fine, evenly tap-
pubescent, rarely glabrous; flowers 3–7, ering to base, lower parts tomentose, intermixed with glandular
 ROSACEAE

bristles. Leaves including petiole 5–13 cm, thick; stipules most- 1b. Branchlets sparsely prickly, prickles equal.
ly adnate to petiole, free parts ovate, abaxially tomentose, mar- 2a. Leaflets usually smaller, 1.5–3.4(–4)
gin glandular pubescent, apex acute; rachis and petiole tomen- cm, abaxially glandular punctate,
tose, sometimes with a few, short prickles; leaflets 5–7(–9), sparsely pubescent or glabrous ..... 30a. var. davurica
elliptic or elliptic-obovate, 1.5–4.5 × 1–2.5 cm, abaxially to- 2b. Leaflets to 4 cm, abaxially not
mentose, reticulate, adaxially glabrous, shiny, rugose due to glandular punctate, glabrous or
concave veins, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin acutely pubescent only along veins ............... 30b. var. glabra
serrate, apex acute or rounded-obtuse. Flower solitary, or sev-
eral and fasciculate, axillary, 4–5.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 5–25 30a. Rosa davurica var. davurica
mm, tomentose and glandular pubescent; bracts ovate, abaxially 山刺玫(原变种) shan ci mei (yuan bian zhong)
tomentose, margin glandular pubescent, apex acuminate.
Hypanthium subglobose, glabrous. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, Rosa willdenowii Sprengel.
often leaflike, abaxially pubescent and stipitate glandular, adax- Branches sparsely prickly. Leaflets usually smaller, 1.5–
ially sparsely pubescent, pinnately lobed, apex caudate-acumi-
3.4(–4) cm, abaxially glandular punctate, sparsely pubescent or
nate. Petals 5, semidouble, or double, purple-red, dark pink, or
glabrous.
white, obovate, base cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free,
slightly exserted, much shorter than stamens. Hip dark red, de- Sunny places at forest margins, grassy places on hills, slopes;
pressed-globose, 2–2.5 cm in diam., smooth, with persistent, 400–2500 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi
erect sepals. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 14*. [Japan, Korea, S Mongolia, Russia (E Siberia)].

Coastal hillsides, sandy soils on sea shores, offshore islands; The roots and fruit are used medicinally.
below 100 m. Native in E Jilin (Hunchun Xian), Liaoning, NE Shan-
30b. Rosa davurica var. glabra Liou, Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-
dong (Yantai Shi); widely cultivated elsewhere in China [Japan, Korea,
Orient. 314. 1955.
Russia (Far East)].

This species has many horticultural forms widely cultivated in

光叶山刺玫 guang ye shan ci mei
China. According to Fu (China Plant Red Data Book 1: 558–559. Branches sparsely prickly. Leaflets to 4 cm, abaxially not
1992), it is endangered as a wild plant by picking and uprooting. glandular punctate, glabrous or pubescent along veins.
30. Rosa davurica Pallas, Fl. Ross. 1(2): 61. 1789. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [N Korea].
山刺玫 shan ci mei This variety is cultivated for ornament and as a grafting stock for
various roses in NE China. The succulent fruit are edible, and the roots,
Shrubs erect, ca. 1.5 m tall. Branchlets purple-brown or flowers, and fruit are used medicinally.
gray-brown, terete, glabrous; prickles paired below leaves,
yellowish, terete, slightly curved, abruptly flaring to broad base. 30c. Rosa davurica var. setacea Liou, Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-
Leaves including petiole 4–10 cm; stipules mostly adnate to Orient. 314. 1955.
petiole, free parts ovate, abaxially pubescent, margin glandular
多刺山刺玫 duo ci shan ci mei
serrate, apex acute; rachis and petiole pubescent, glandular
pubescent, sparsely prickly; leaflets 7–9, oblong or broadly lan- Branchlets prickly; prickles unequal. Leaflets abaxially
ceolate, 1.5–3.5(–4) × 0.5–1.5 cm, abaxially glandular punctate glandular punctate or not, usually glabrous or pubescent only
or not, sparsely puberulous or glabrous with prominent midvein along veins.
and lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, with concave midvein and
● Slopes; ca. 900 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei
lateral veins, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin simple Mongol.
and doubly serrate, apex acute or rounded-obtuse. Flowers
solitary, or 2 or 3 and fasciculate, axillary, 3–4 cm in diam.; 31. Rosa hezhangensis T. L. Xu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 74.
pedicel 5–8 mm, glabrous or glandular pubescent; bracts ovate, 2000.
abaxially pubescent and glandular punctate, margin glandular
赫章蔷薇 he zhang qiang wei
serrate, apex acuminate. Hypanthium subglobose, glabrous. Se-
pals 5, lanceolate, leaflike, abaxially sparsely pubescent and Shrubs low, ca. 1 m tall. Branches terete, glabrous, densely
shortly glandular pubescent, adaxially pubescent, margin irreg- prickly; prickles broad, turgid at base. Leaves 4–8 cm including
ularly serrate or glandular pubescent. Petals 5, pink, obovate, petiole; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts auriculate or
base broadly cuneate, apex rounded. Styles free, much shorter ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, margin glandular serrate, apex acu-
than stamens, pubescent. Hip red, globose or ovoid, 1–1.5 cm minate; leaflets (5–)9, pale green abaxially, deep green adaxi-
in diam., with a distinct neck, glabrous, with persistent, erect ally, ovate or oblong, 0.8–2 × 0.4–1 cm, abaxially pubescent
sepals. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. and glandular punctate, adaxially glabrous, midvein and other
veins prominent, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin
Sunny places at forest margins, grassy places on hills, slopes;
doubly serrate, apex obtuse or acute. Flowers 3–5 in a corymb,
400–2500 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi
[Japan, Korea, S Mongolia, Russia (E Siberia)]. rarely solitary; pedicel 0.8–2 cm, stipitate glandular; bracts 3–5,
broadly ovate, glabrous, margin glandular serrate, apex acumi-
1a. Branchlets densely prickly, prickles nate. Hypanthium ellipsoid or ovoid. Sepals ovate-lanceolate,
unequal ..................................................... 30c. var. setacea abaxially glandular pilose, adaxially densely yellowish tomen-
 ROSACEAE

tose, margin entire, apex acute or acuminate. Petals unknown. parts ovate or lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, glabrous, abaxially and at
Stamens numerous. Styles free, shorter than stamens, densely margin glandular pubescent; rachis and petiole densely glan-
white pubescent at base. Hip red, ovoid-globose, 0.7–1.1 cm in dular pubescent; leaflets (5 or)7–11, pale green abaxially, deep
diam., apex with a short neck and persistent, erect sepals; pedi- green adaxially, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 1.5–4 × 1–2.5 cm,
cel to 2.2 cm, stipitate glandular. Fr. Oct. abaxially brown hirsute, densely so along veins, adaxially sub-
glabrous, base cuneate to broadly so, margin acutely doubly
● 2400–2800 m. W Guizhou (Hezhang Xian).
serrate; teeth glandular apically when young. Flowers 1–3, 1.5–
One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species. 2 cm in diam.; peduncle ca. 2 cm, slightly glandular pubescent
32. Rosa acicularis Lindley, Ros. Monogr. 44. 1820. or subglabrous; pedicel 3–4 cm, glandular hairy; bracts ovate-
lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, abaxially and at margin glandular pubes-
刺蔷薇 ci qiang wei cent, apex acute or acuminate. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxi-
Rosa acicularis var. albiflora X. Lin & Y. L. Lin; R. ally glandular pubescent. Sepals lanceolate, ca. 1 cm, margin
acicularis var. glandulifolia Y. B. Chang; R. acicularis var. glandular pubescent, sometimes pinnately lobed, apex long
glandulosa Liou; R. acicularis var. gmelinii (Bunge) C. A. acuminate or caudate-acuminate. Petals white, broadly obovate,
Meyer; R. acicularis var. pubescens Liou; R. acicularis var. 1.2–1.5 × 1–1.3 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex emarginate or
setacea Liou; R. fauriei H. Léveillé; R. gmelinii Bunge; R. 2-lobed. Styles free, slightly exserted, shorter than stamens,
granulosa Keller; R. korsakoviensis H. Léveillé. pubescent. Hip unknown. Fl. Jun–Aug.
● Chongqing (Chengkou Xian).
Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branchlets red-brown or purple-brown,
terete, slightly curved, glabrous; prickles sparse to dense, terete, One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.
straight, to 4 mm, fine, evenly tapering to small base. Leaves
34. Rosa oxyacantha Marschall von Bieberstein, Fl. Taur.-
including petiole 7–14 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole,
Caucas. 3: 338. 1819.
free parts broadly ovate, abaxially pubescent, margin glandular
serrate, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole pubescent, glandular 尖刺蔷薇 jian ci qiang wei
pubescent, and sparsely prickly; leaflets 3–7, broadly elliptic or
oblong, 1.5–5 × 0.8–2.5 cm, abaxially pubescent, with Rosa pimpinellifolia Linnaeus var. subalpina Bunge ex
prominent midvein and lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, with Marschall von Bieberstein.
slightly concave midvein and lateral veins, base subrounded, Shrubs small, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets red-brown, glabrous;
rarely broadly cuneate, margin simply serrate or inconspicu- prickles numerous, yellowish, straight, unequally long and
ously doubly serrate, apex acute or rounded-obtuse. Flowers thick, abruptly tapering to broadened base. Leaves including
solitary, or 2 or 3 and fasciculate, 3.5–5 cm in diam.; pedicel 2– petiole 4–9 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts
3.5 cm, densely glandular pubescent; bracts ovate or ovate- lanceolate, margin entire, glandular pubescent, apex acute;
lanceolate, margin glandular serrate or incised, apex acuminate rachis and petiole sparsely shortly prickly, glandular pubescent;
or caudate. Hypanthium ellipsoid, usually glabrous, rarely glan- leaflets 7–9, oblong or elliptic, 1.5–2.5 × 0.8–1.7 cm, glabrous,
dular pubescent. Sepals 5, lanceolate, leaflike, abaxially pu- abaxially with prominent veins, base subrounded or broadly
bescent, glandular, and sparsely bristly, adaxially densely pu- cuneate, margin doubly serrate, apex acute or rounded-obtuse.
bescent, margin entire. Petals 5, pink, rarely white, fragrant, Flowers solitary, rarely 2 or 3 and fasciculate, 2.5–3 cm in
obovate, base broadly cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, diam.; pedicel 1.5–2 cm, glabrous or glandular pubescent;
shorter than stamens, pubescent. Hip red, pyriform, long ellip- bracts ovate, margin glandular pubescent, apex long caudate.
soid, or obovoid, 1–1.5 cm in diam., with a distinct neck, shiny, Hypanthium ovoid or oblong, glabrous or sparsely stipitate
glabrous or rarely slightly glandular, with persistent, erect se- glandular. Sepals 5, lanceolate, leaflike, abaxially densely glan-
pals. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 28, 56. dular pubescent, adaxially densely pubescent, margin entire.
Betula forests, scrub, sunny slopes, roadsides; 400–1800 m. Gan- Petals 5, pink, obovate, base broadly cuneate, apex emarginate.
su, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Styles shorter than stamens, pubescent. Hip bright red, oblong
Xinjiang [Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; N Europe, or ovoid, 1–1.5 cm in diam., glabrous or sparsely stipitate glan-
North America]. dular, with persistent, erect sepals. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Jul–Sep.
This species is widely distributed in the N temperate zone and has Scrub; 1100–1400 m. Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia (Siberia)].
a great morphological variation. The varieties described by various au-
thors are difficult to distinguish, owing to the presence of intermediate One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.
forms, and are all reduced to synonymy for the time being in this ac-
35. Rosa laxa Retzius in Hoffmann, Phytogr. Bl. 39. 1803.
count.
疏花蔷薇 shu hua qiang wei
33. Rosa fargesiana Boulenger, Bull. Jard. Bot. État 14: 182.
1936. Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets terete, straight or slightly
curved, glabrous; prickles in pairs below leaves or scattered,
川东蔷薇 chuan dong qiang wei
yellowish, strongly hooked, to 1.5 cm, flat, gradually tapering
Shrubs deciduous. Branchlets purple-brown, terete, slen- to broad base, often densely intermixed with small prickles and
der, glabrous; prickles scattered, straight, short. Leaves 7–10 bristles. Leaves including petiole 4.5–10 cm; stipules mostly
cm including petiole; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free adnate to petiole, free parts ovate, glabrous, auriculate, margin
 ROSACEAE

glandular serrate, apex acute; rachis and petiole sparsely prick- glabrous. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, leaflike, abaxially subgla-
ly, glandular pubescent, puberulous; leaflets 7–9, elliptic, ob- brous, adaxially densely pubescent, margin entire or sometimes
long, or ovate, rarely obovate, ca. 1.5 × 0.8–2 cm, glabrous or sparsely serrate apically. Petals 5, red, obovate, base broadly
pubescent, with prominent midvein and lateral veins, base sub- cuneate, apex rounded-obtuse. Styles free, much shorter than
rounded or broadly cuneate, margin simply serrate, rarely doub- stamens, densely pubescent. Hip deep red, ovoid, 1.5–2 cm in
ly serrate, apex acute or rounded-obtuse. Flowers often 3–6 in diam., glabrous, with persistent, erect sepals. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul–
corymb, sometimes solitary, ca. 3 cm in diam.; pedicel 1– Oct.
1.8(–3) cm, glandular; bracts ovate, pubescent, glandular hispid,
● Scrub, stream sides; 2200–2400 m. Hubei, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
apex acuminate. Hypanthium oblong or ovoid, glabrous, rarely
glandular hispid. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, leaflike, abaxially 1a. Leaflets abaxially not glandular punctate,
sparsely pubescent and glandular hispid, adaxially densely pu- margin acutely simply serrate, not
bescent, margin entire. Petals 5, white or pink, obovate, apex glandular ................................................. 36a. var. saturata
erose. Styles free, much shorter than stamens, densely villous. 1b. Leaflets abaxially densely glandular
Hip red, oblong or ovoid, 1–1.8 cm in diam, glabrous, often punctate, margin partly doubly serrate,
shiny, apex with a short neck and persistent, erect sepals. Fl. teeth glandular apically ..................... 36b. var. glandulosa
Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 14*.
36a. Rosa saturata var. saturata
Populus forests, scrub, valleys, damp grassy places, river and
stream sides; 500–1500 m. Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia (C Siberia); C 大红蔷薇(原变种) da hong qiang wei (yuan bian zhong)
Asia]. Leaflets abaxially not glandular punctate, margin acutely
1a. Leaflets glabrous on both surfaces or abaxially simply serrate, teeth not glandular.
pubescent ....................................................... 35a. var. laxa ● Scrub, stream sides; 2200–2400 m. Hubei, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
1b. Leaflets densely pubescent on both surfaces
..................................................................... 35b. var. mollis 36b. Rosa saturata var. glandulosa T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Bull.
Bot. Res., Harbin 1(4): 9. 1981.
35a. Rosa laxa var. laxa
腺叶大红蔷薇 xian ye da hong qiang wei
疏花蔷薇(原变种) shu hua qiang wei (yuan bian zhong) Leaflets abaxially densely glandular punctate, margin part-
Rosa gebleriana Schrenk; R. soongarica Bunge. ly doubly serrate, teeth glandular apically.
● C Sichuan (Baoxing Xian).
Leaflets glabrous on both surfaces or abaxially pubescent.
37. Rosa bella Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson.
Scrub, valleys, stream sides; 500–1500 m. Xinjiang [Mongolia,
Russia (C Siberia); C Asia].
2: 341. 1915.
美蔷薇 mei qiang wei
35b. Rosa laxa var. mollis T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot.
Res., Harbin 1(4): 9. 1981. Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branchlets terete, slender; prickles
scattered, terete, straight or slightly curved, to 1 cm, abruptly
毛叶疏花蔷薇 mao ye shu hua qiang wei tapering to base; old branches often densely bristly. Leaves in-
Leaflets densely pubescent on both surfaces. cluding petiole 4–11 cm; stipules broad, mostly adnate to peti-
ole, free parts ovate, glabrous, margin glandular serrate, apex
● Populus forests, damp grassy places, river sides; 600–1100 m. acute; rachis and petiole glabrous or sparsely pubescent, prick-
N Xinjiang. ly, or sparsely glandular and shortly prickly; leaflets 7–9, rarely
36. Rosa saturata Baker in E. Willmott, Rosa 2: 503. 1914. 5, elliptic, ovate, or oblong, 1–3 × 0.6–2 cm, glabrous or abaxi-
ally along veins sparsely pubescent and glandular pubescent,
大红蔷薇 da hong qiang wei base subrounded, margin simply serrate, apex acute or rounded-
obtuse. Flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 and fasciculate, 2–5 cm in
Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets erect or spreading, terete,
diam.; pedicel 5–10 mm, stipitate glandular pubescent or not;
glabrous, often densely bristly when old; prickles usually ab-
bracts ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, margin glandular serrate,
sent, or if present, straight, small. Leaves including petiole 7–16
apex acuminate. Hypanthium ellipsoid-ovoid. Sepals 5, ovate-
cm; stipules broad, adnate to petiole to 2/3 part, free parts ovate,
lanceolate, leaflike, abaxially stipitate glandular, adaxially
subglabrous, auriculate, margin entire, apex acute; rachis and
densely pubescent, margin entire. Petals 5, pink, obovate, base
petiole pubescent, sparsely small prickly; leaflets 7(–9), ovate
cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, much shorter than sta-
or ovate-lanceolate, 2.5–6.5 × 1.5–4 cm, abaxially pubescent
mens, densely villous. Hip deep red, ellipsoid-ovoid, 1–1.5 cm
along veins or subglabrous, glandular punctate or not, with
in diam., with a short neck at apex, stipitate glandular or not,
prominent midvein and lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, base
with persistent sepals. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct.
subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin simply serrate or partly
doubly serrate, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Flowers soli- ● Scrub, bases of mountains, stream sides; ca. 1700 m. Hebei, He-
nan, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shanxi.
tary, or 2(or 3), 3.5–5 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–2.5(–3) cm, gla-
brous or sparsely glandular pubescent; bracts 1 or 2, ovate- Essential oils are extracted from the flowers, and the fruit are used
lanceolate, large, 1.5–3 cm, apex caudate. Hypanthium ovoid, to make jam. Both the flowers and fruit are used medicinally.
 ROSACEAE

1a. Flowers 4–5 cm in diam.; pedicels ole, free parts triangular or ovate, both surfaces glabrous, mar-
and hypanthium glandular pubescent .......... 37a. var. bella gin densely stipitate glandular, apex shortly acuminate; rachis
1b. Flowers smaller, 2–3 cm in diam.; pedicels and petiole glabrous, laxly glandular pubescent and with small
and hypanthium glabrous, not glandular prickles; leaflets 7–9, yellow-green abaxially, deep green adax-
pubescent ...................................................... 37b. var. nuda ially, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 1.5–5.5 cm × 7–21
mm, abaxially pubescent only along midvein, adaxially gla-
37a. Rosa bella var. bella
brous, base suborbicular or broadly cuneate, margin shallowly
美蔷薇(原变种) mei qiang wei (yuan bian zhong) serrate, and often reflexed, apex acuminate or caudate-acumi-
nate. Flowers 2, fasciculate; pedicel short, 5–10 mm, nearly gla-
Rosa bella f. pallens Rehder & E. H. Wilson.
brous; bracts caducous, ovate. Hypanthium obovoid, glabrous.
Flowers 4–5 cm in diam.; pedicel and hypanthium Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, 7–13 mm, abaxially nearly glabrous,
glandular pubescent. adaxially densely tomentose-pubescent. Petals unknown. Sta-
● Scrub, bases of mountains, stream sides; ca. 1700 m. Hebei,
mens numerous. Styles slightly exserted, much shorter than sta-
Henan, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shanxi. mens, pubescent. Hip red-brown, obovoid or subglobose, 1–1.2
cm in diam., glabrous; with persistent sepals. Fr. Aug–Oct.
37b. Rosa bella var. nuda T. T. Yu & H. T. Tsai, Bull. Fan.
Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. Ser., 7: 114. 1936. ● Tsuga forests; ca. 2600 m. NW Yunnan (Gongshan Xian).

光叶美蔷薇 guang ye mei qiang wei One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.

Flowers 2–3 cm in diam.; pedicel and hypanthium gla- 40. Rosa sweginzowii Koehne, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
brous, not glandular pubescent. 8: 22. 1910.
● Scrub. NC Henan (Song Shan), SC Shaanxi (Zhongnan Shan). 扁刺蔷薇 bian ci qiang wei
38. Rosa chengkouensis T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Shrubs 3–5 m tall. Branchlets terete, glabrous or sparsely
Harbin 1(4): 9. 1981. puberulous, prickly; prickles paired below leaves, sometimes
scattered, straight or slightly curved, to 1.5 cm, stout, flat, grad-
城口蔷薇 cheng kou qiang wei
ually tapering to broad base, sometimes intermixed with smaller
Shrubs 1.5–2 m tall. Branchlets terete, slender; prickles prickles and bristles, old branches sometimes intermixed with
scattered or in pairs below leaves, straight. Leaves including bristles. Leaves including petiole 6–11 cm; stipules mostly ad-
petiole 5–8 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts nate to petiole, free parts ovate-lanceolate, margin glandular
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, abaxially and margin densely serrate, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole pubescent, glandular
glandular pubescent, apex acute; rachis and petiole pubescent, pubescent, sparsely shortly prickly; leaflets 7–11, elliptic or
glandular pubescent, shortly prickly; leaflets usually 5, rarely 7 ovate-oblong, 2–5 × 0.8–2 cm, abaxially pubescent or glan-
or 3, elliptic, oblong, or ovate, 1.5–3.5 × 1–1.8 cm, abaxially dular, with prominent midvein and lateral veins, adaxially gla-
sparsely pubescent and glandular punctate, distinctly reticulate, brous, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin doubly ser-
adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, rate, apex acute, rarely rounded-obtuse. Flowers solitary, or 2 or
margin doubly serrate, teeth often glandular apically, apex 3 and fasciculate, 3–5 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–3 cm; bracts 1
acute or rounded-obtuse. Flowers solitary or several, 2.5–3 cm or 2, ovate-lanceolate, abaxially with distinct midvein, margin
in diam.; pedicel 1.5–3 cm, glandular pubescent; bracts ovate- glandular serrate, sometimes pinnately lobed, apex caudate.
lanceolate, margin glandular pubescent, apex long acuminate. Hypanthium oblong or obovoid, often stipitate glandular. Se-
Sepals 5, oblong-lanceolate, leaflike, both surfaces densely pals 5, ovate-lanceolate, leaflike, abaxially subglabrous, stipi-
pubescent, margin entire, glandular pubescent. Petals 5, pink, tate glandular or not, adaxially puberulous, margin entire or
broadly obovate, base cuneate, apex rounded. Styles free, sometimes pinnately lobed. Petals 5, pink, broadly obovate or
slightly exserted, much shorter than stamens, densely suborbicular, glabrous or abaxially tomentose, base broadly cu-
pubescent. Hip dark red, ovoid or obovoid, 7–8 mm in diam.,
neate, apex emarginate. Styles free, much shorter than stamens,
sparsely glandular pubescent, with persistent, erect sepals. Fl.
densely pubescent. Hip purple-red, oblong or obovoid-oblong,
May–Jun, fr. Aug–Oct.
1.5–2.5 × 1–1.7 cm, with a short neck at apex, often glandular
● Scrub, river sides; 1300–2100 m. Chongqing (Chengkou Xian, hirsute, with persistent, erect sepals. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Nov.
Wuxi Xian).
● Pinus forest margins, scrub, roadsides; 2300–4600 m. Gansu,
One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species. Hubei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
39. Rosa sinobiflora T. C. Ku, nom. nov. 1a. Petals tomentose abaxially; sepals entire
双花蔷薇 shuang hua qiang wei ................................................................. 40c. var. stevensii
1b. Petals glabrous; sepals usually pinnately
Replaced synonym: Rosa biflora T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res.,
lobed.
Harbin 10(1): 3. 1990, not Aublet (1775), nor Krocker (1790).
2a. Leaflets abaxially pubescent or
Shrubs small, ca. 2 m tall. Branchlets red-brown, terete, only along veins pubescent, not
slender, glabrous; prickles subulate. Leaves including petiole 8– glandular; pedicel 1.5–2 cm,
14 cm; stipules hooked, large and broad, mostly adnate to peti- glandular pubescent .................. 40a. var. sweginzowii
 ROSACEAE

2b. Leaflets abaxially with dense, ● Scrub, slopes; 2700–3800 m. Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
stalked glands; pedicel longer, 1a. Leaflets abaxially pubescent only
2–3 cm, densely pubescent ........ 40b. var. glandulosa along veins, rachis puberulous ................ 41a. var. moyesii
40a. Rosa sweginzowii var. sweginzowii 1b. Leaflets abaxially and rachis densely
pubescent ............................................. 41b. var. pubescens
扁刺蔷薇(原变种) bian ci qiang wei (yuan bian zhong)
41a. Rosa moyesii var. moyesii
Leaflets abaxially pubescent or only along veins pubes-
华西蔷薇(原变种) hua xi qiang wei (yuan bian zhong)
cent, not glandular. Pedicel 1.5–2 cm, glandular pubescent. Se-
pals usually pinnately lobed. Petals glabrous. Leaflets abaxially only along veins pubescent, rachis pu-
berulous.
● Scrub, roadsides; 2300–3600 m. Gansu, Hubei, Qinghai, Shaan-
xi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan. ● Scrub, slopes; 2700–3800 m. Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.

40b. Rosa sweginzowii var. glandulosa Cardot, Notul. Syst. 41b. Rosa moyesii var. pubescens T. T. Yu & H. T. Tsai, Bull.
(Paris) 3: 269. 1916. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. Ser., 7: 116. 1936.

腺叶扁刺蔷薇 xian ye bian ci qiang wei 毛叶华西蔷薇 mao ye hua xi qiang wei

Leaflets abaxially with dense stalked glands. Pedicel 2–3 Leaflets abaxially and rachis densely pubescent.
cm, densely pubescent. Sepals usually pinnately lobed. Petals ● Sichuan.
glabrous.
42. Rosa persetosa Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913: 263.
● Pinus forest margins, scrub; 2300–3800 m. Gansu, Sichuan, Xi- 1913.
zang, Yunnan.
全针蔷薇 quan zhen qiang wei
40c. Rosa sweginzowii var. stevensii (Rehder) T. C. Ku, comb.
Rosa elegantula Rolfe.
et stat. nov.
Shrubs ca. 1.5 m tall. Branches numerous; branchlets
毛瓣扁刺蔷薇 mao ban bian ci qiang wei waxy farinose; prickles sparse, straight or slightly curved, flat,
Basionym: Rosa stevensii Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 11: densely bristly, or sparsely prickly; prickles straight or slight-
162. 1930. ly curved, flat, sometimes turgid at base. Leaves including
petiole 5–10 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts
Sepals entire. Petals tomentose abaxially. narrowly oblong, margin entire, apex rounded-obtuse; rachis
● 2700–4600 m. Sichuan. and petiole sparsely puberulous, glandular pubescent, shortly
prickly; leaflets 7–9, rarely 11, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 1.2–3 ×
41. Rosa moyesii Hemsley & E. H. Wilson, Bull. Misc. Inform. 0.6–1.7 cm, glabrous or abaxially sparsely pubescent, with
Kew 1906: 159. 1906. prominent midvein and lateral veins, base subrounded or broad-
华西蔷薇 hua xi qiang wei ly cuneate, margin simply serrate or inconspicuously doubly
serrate, apex rounded-obtuse or acute. Flowers several in cor-
Shrubs 1–4 m tall. Branchlets terete, glabrous or sparsely ymb, rarely solitary, 2.5–3 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.2–3 cm, gla-
puberulous; prickles absent or if present, paired below leaves, brous; bracts 3–5, ovate, margin entire or glandular serrate,
straight or slightly curved, to 5 mm, stout, flat, tapering below apex caudate. Hypanthium ovoid, glabrous. Sepals 5, ovate-
to broad base. Leaves including petiole 7–13 cm; stipules lanceolate, abaxially subglabrous, glandular or not, adaxially
broad, mostly adnate to petiole, free parts long ovate, glabrous, densely puberulous, margin entire, apex caudate. Petals 5, red,
margin glandular serrate, apex acute; rachis and petiole puberu- broadly obovate, base broadly cuneate, apex rounded-obtuse.
lous, glandular pubescent, sparsely small prickly, leaflets 7–13, Styles free, shorter than stamens, puberulous. Hip bright red,
ovate, elliptic, or oblong-ovate, 1–5 × 0.8–2.5 cm, abaxially ovoid, 1–1.5 cm, glabrous, with persistent sepals. Fl. May–Jun,
densely pubescent or only along prominent veins pubescent, fr. Jul–Oct.
adaxially glabrous, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin
● Scrub; 1300–2800 m. Sichuan.
acutely simply serrate, apex acute or rounded-obtuse. Flowers
solitary, or 2 or 3 and fasciculate, 4–6 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–3 One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.
cm, usually densely stipitate glandular, rarely glabrous; bracts 1 43. Rosa macrophylla Lindley, Ros. Monogr. 35. 1820.
or 2, oblong-ovate, to 2 cm, margin glandular pubescent, apex
acute or acuminate. Hypanthium ovoid. Sepals 5, ovate, leaf- 大叶蔷薇 da ye qiang wei
like, abaxially glabrous or with a few glandular bristles at base, Shrubs 1.5–3 m tall. Branchlets purple-brown, robust;
adaxially pubescent, pinnately lobed. Petals 5, deep red, broadly prickles absent or in pairs below leaves, straight. Leaves includ-
obovate, base broadly cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, ing petiole 7–15 cm; stipules broad, mostly adnate to petiole,
shorter than stamens, pubescent. Hip purple-red or orange-red, free parts ovate, usually glabrous, margin glandular serrate,
globose-ovoid, to 5 cm, 1–2 cm in diam., with a short neck at apex shortly acuminate; rachis and petiole villous, sparsely
apex, stipitate glandular, with persistent, erect sepals. Fl. Jun– glandular pubescent, sometimes shortly prickly; leaflets (7 or)
Jul; fr. Aug–Oct. 9–11(–13), oblong or elliptic-ovate, 2.5–6 cm, abaxially villous,
 ROSACEAE

glandular or not, with prominent veins, adaxially glabrous, with lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, base subrounded or broadly
concave midvein, base rounded, rarely broadly cuneate, margin cuneate, margin simple glandular serrate, apex acute or shortly
simple or doubly serrate, apex acute, rarely rounded-obtuse. acuminate. Flowers 2–5(–7), in corymb, sometimes solitary, 2–
Flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 and fasciculate, 3.5–5 cm in diam.; 3 cm in diam.; pedicel 2–4 cm, subglabrous or sparsely pu-
pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm, densely stipitate glandular or not; bracts 1 bescent and glandular pubescent; bracts and bracteoles ovate-
or 2, long ovate, 1.5–2.5 cm, abaxially puberulous along mid- lanceolate, abaxially puberulous or not, margin glandular ser-
vein or glabrous, with prominent midvein and lateral veins, rate, apex caudate. Hypanthium ellipsoid, glabrous or villous
margin glandular pubescent, apex acuminate. Hypanthium toward apex. Sepals 5, longer than petals, triangular-ovate,
ovoid or long obovoid, densely stipitate glandular. Sepals 5, abaxially subglabrous, adaxially puberulous, margin entire,
ovate-lanceolate, 2–3.5(–5) cm, abaxially stipitate glandular, apex long caudate. Petals 5, white, or pink and white at base,
sparsely pubescent or not, adaxially densely pubescent, margin obovate, apex emarginate. Styles free, much shorter than sta-
entire, apex long caudate. Petals 5, deep red, obtriangular-obo- mens, densely pubescent. Hip orange-red, ellipsoid or pyriform,
vate, base broadly cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, much ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous, with a short neck at apex, with per-
shorter than stamens, pubescent. Hip purple-red, oblong-ovoid sistent sepals. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Nov.
or long obovoid, 1.5–3 × ca. 1.5 cm, stipitate glandular or not,
● Scrub; 2300–3800 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
shiny, with a short neck at apex, with persistent, erect sepals. Fl.
Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Nov. 2n = 14. 45. Rosa pinnatisepala T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(1):
2. 1990.
Forest margins, scrub, slopes; 2400–3700 m. S Xizang, NE Yun-
nan [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Sikkim]. 羽萼蔷薇 yu e qiang wei
In populations of Yunnan, the leaves often have 7–9 smaller leaf-
lets and the flowers are smaller, 2.8–3.5 cm in diameter.
Shrubs small, ca. 2 m tall. Branchlets red-brown, terete,
slender, glabrous, prickly; prickles scattered or in pairs below
1a. Leaflets abaxially not glandular, leaves, erect, terete. Leaves including petiole 2.5–4 cm; stipules
margin simply serrate, rarely doubly mostly adnate to petiole, free part ovate or lanceolate, abaxially
serrate ............................................... 43a. var. macrophylla sometimes glandular, margin stipitate glandular, apex shortly
1b. Leaflets abaxially glandular, margin acuminate; rachis and petiole glandular pubescent; leaflets usu-
usually doubly serrate ...................... 43b. var. glandulifera ally 5, rarely 7, obovate or oblong, 5–11 × 3–6 mm, abaxially
43a. Rosa macrophylla var. macrophylla glandular pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate or sub-
rounded, margin doubly serrate, teeth glandular apically, apex
大叶蔷薇(原变种) da ye qiang wei (yuan bian zhong) truncate, rarely rounded. Flowers 2 or 3 and fasciculate, rarely
Rosa alpina Linnaeus var. macrophylla (Lindley) Bou- solitary, ca. 2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–1.4 cm, glabrous or
lenger. glandular pubescent; bracts caducous, unknown. Hypanthium
oblong, usually glabrous or glandular pubescent abaxially. Se-
Leaflets abaxially not glandular, margin simply serrate, pals 5, triangular-lanceolate, 6–8 mm, abaxially glabrous or
rarely doubly serrate. stipitate glandular, adaxially pubescent, margin pinnately lobed;
Scrub, slopes; 3000–3700 m. S Xizang, NE Yunnan [Bhutan, In- lobes stipitate glandular apically, apex caudate-acuminate. Pet-
dia, Kashmir, Sikkim]. als 5, pink, broadly obovate, base broadly cuneate, apex round-
ed-obtuse. Styles free, slightly exserted, much shorter than sta-
43b. Rosa macrophylla var. glandulifera T. T. Yu & T. C.
mens, hairy. Hip purple-brown, oblong or obovoid-oblong, 1–2
Ku, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 502. 1980.
cm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Nov.
腺果大叶蔷薇 xian guo da ye qiang wei
● 1400–2300 m. C and SW Sichuan (Luding Xian, Muli Xian).
Leaflets abaxially glandular, margin usually doubly ser- Two forms may be recognized: f. pinnatisepala, which has hypan-
rate. thium and sepals usually glabrous, and f. glandulosa T. C. Ku (Bull.
● Forest margins, scrub, open slopes; 2400–3400 m. S Xizang. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(1): 3. 1990), which has hypanthium and sepals
densely glandular pubescent. One of us (Robertson) has seen no speci-
44. Rosa murielae Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. mens of either form.
Wilson. 2: 326. 1915.
46. Rosa forrestiana Boulenger, Bull. Jard. Bot. État 14: 126.
西南蔷薇 xi nan qiang wei 1936.
Shrubs 1.5–3 m tall. Branchlets erect or spreading, terete, 滇边蔷薇 dian bian qiang wei
slender, glabrous; prickles sparse, straight, to 6 mm, fine, taper-
ing to a broad base; bristles and small, slender prickles often Shrubs small, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets terete, slightly curv-
dense. Leaves including petiole 9–14 cm; stipules mostly ad- ed, slender; prickles scattered or in pairs below leaves, yel-
nate to petiole, free parts ovate, auriculate, margin glandular lowish, straight, stout. Leaves including petiole 2.2–6 cm; stip-
serrate, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole sparsely pubescent ules broad, mostly adnate to petiole, free parts ovate, rarely
and shortly prickly, sometimes glandular pubescent; leaflets 9– lanceolate, glabrous, margin glandular serrate, apex acuminate;
15, elliptic or oblong, rarely ovate or broadly elliptic, 1–4.5 × rachis and petiole sparsely glandular pubescent and shortly
0.8–2.5 cm, abaxially pubescent, with prominent midvein and prickly; leaflets 5–7, rarely 9, suborbicular, ovate, or obovate,
 ROSACEAE

6–18 × 4–15 mm, abaxially sparsely puberulous along veins or Shrubs small, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets purple-brown, slight-
glandular pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base subrounded, mar- ly curved, robust, glabrous; prickles scattered, to 1 cm, slightly
gin doubly serrate, teeth often glandular apically, apex rounded- turgid at base. Leaves including petiole 1.5–4 cm; stipules
obtuse or truncate. Flowers solitary or to 5, in corymb, 2–3.5 mostly adnate to petiole, free parts oblong, margin glandular
cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm, glandular pubescent; bracts 1– pubescent, apex shortly acuminate; rachis and petiole glandular
3, at base or middle of pedicel, orbicular or ovate, glabrous, pubescent, sparsely shortly prickly; leaflets usually 5, rarely 7
margin glandular serrate, apex apiculate. Hypanthium ovoid, or 3, suborbicular or broadly obovate, 4–8 × 3–7 mm, abaxially
glandular pubescent. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, abaxially glan- sparsely pubescent along veins, adaxially glabrous, base
dular, adaxially puberulous, leaflike, margin entire, sometimes broadly cuneate, rarely subrounded, margin acutely serrate at
serrate, apex slightly elongate. Petals 5, deep red, broadly obo- upper part, near base entire, apex truncate. Flower solitary, 2–
vate, base broadly cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, slight- 2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel short or nearly absent; bracts 3–5,
ly exserted, nearly equaling stamens, densely yellow-white vil- ovate, leaflike, margin glandular pubescent, apex shortly acu-
lous. Hip red, ovoid, 9–13 mm in diam., with a short neck at minate. Hypanthium subglobose, glandular pubescent. Sepals
apex, glabrous, with persistent, erect sepals. Fl. May, fr. Jul– 5, ovate, abaxially glandular pubescent, adaxially densely pu-
Oct. bescent, margin entire, apex cuspidate or elongate and linear.
Petals 5, pink, obcordate, base broadly cuneate, apex emargi-
● Scrub; 2400–3000 m. Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
nate. Styles free, slightly exserted, equaling or slightly longer
Two forms may be recognized: f. forrestiana, which has leaflets than stamens, densely pubescent. Hip red-brown, subglobose,
abaxially eglandular and f. glandulosa T. C. Ku (Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 6–8 mm in diam., with an inconspicuous neck at apex, with
10(1): 3. 1990), which has leaflets abaxially glandular pubescent. One persistent sepals. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep.
of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of either form.
● Scrub; 1600–1800 m. W Sichuan.
47. Rosa multibracteata Hemsley & E. H. Wilson, Bull. Misc.
Inform. Kew 1906: 157. 1906. One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.

多苞蔷薇 duo bao qiang wei 49. Rosa pseudobanksiae T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res.,
Harbin 1(4): 11. 1981.
Rosa latibracteata Boulenger; R. orbicularis Baker; R.
reducta Baker; R. rotundibracteata Cardot. 粉蕾木香 fen lei mu xiang

Shrubs to 2.5 m tall. Branchlets terete, slender, glabrous; Shrubs climbing, small. Branchlets gray-brown or gray-
prickles scattered and in pairs below leaves, terete, straight, to 1 green, slightly curved; prickles slightly curved, short, flat.
cm, abruptly tapering to turgid base. Leaves including petiole Leaves including petiole 2–3 cm; stipules mostly adnate to
5–9 cm; stipules large, mostly adnate to petiole, free parts petiole, free parts lanceolate, both surfaces sparsely pubescent,
ovate, glabrous, margin glandular serrate, apex shortly acumi- margin glandular pubescent, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole
nate; rachis and petiole glabrous or sparsely glandular pubes- pubescent; leaflets 3–5, rhomboid-ovate or oblong, 1–1.5 cm ×
cent and puberulous, sparsely shortly prickly; leaflets (5–)7–9, 5–8 mm, abaxially sparsely pubescent, with prominent midvein
and lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate or broadly
ovate, obovate, or suborbicular, 8–15 × 5–10 mm, glabrous or
cuneate, margin crenate or obtusely serrate, apex acute or
abaxially sparsely pubescent along veins, sometimes glandular,
rounded-obtuse. Flowers 3–5 in corymb, ca. 2 cm in diam.;
with prominent midvein and lateral veins, base subrounded or
pedicel ca. 1 cm, subglabrous; bracts deciduous, ovate-lanceo-
broadly cuneate, margin simply serrate, entire near base, apex
late, both surfaces pubescent, margin glandular pubescent, apex
rounded-obtuse or acute. Flowers 2 or 3, or several in corymb
broadly caudate. Hypanthium obovoid, subglabrous. Sepals 5,
or panicle, rarely solitary, (2–)3–5 cm in diam.; pedicel 0.5–3
lanceolate, abaxially sparsely glandular pubescent, adaxially
cm, densely stipitate glandular; bracts 3–5 or 8–10 in two
densely pubescent, apex acuminate. Petals 5, white, before and
whorls at base of corymb, those of external whorl ovate, those
at beginning of anthesis pink, obovate, base broadly cuneate,
of internal one lanceolate, glabrous, margin glandular serrulate.
apex erose. Styles 5 or 6, free, exserted, slightly shorter than
Hypanthium subglobose, stipitate glandular. Sepals 5, tri- stamens, pubescent. Hip unknown.
angular-lanceolate, 1.1–1.5 cm, leaflike, abaxially glabrous or
sparsely to densely stipitate pubescent, adaxially densely pu- ● W Yunnan (Midu Xian).
bescent, margin entire. Petals 5, reddish, obovate, base broadly One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.
cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, slightly exserted, nearly
equaling stamens, villous. Hip red, subglobose, 6–10 mm in 50. Rosa baiyushanensis Q. L. Wang, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin.
diam.; stipitate glandular, with persistent, erect sepals. Fl. May– 4(4): 207. 1984.
Jul, fr. Jul–Oct. 白玉山蔷薇 bai yu shan qiang wei
● Open places near forest margins; 2100–2500 m. Sichuan, Yun- Shrubs. Branchlets yellow-brown when young, brown-
nan. purple when old, terete, glabrous, prickly; prickles yellow-
48. Rosa calyptopoda Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 270. brown, robust, to 8 mm, inflated at base. Leaves including peti-
1916. ole 3–6 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free part triangu-
lar, sometimes abaxially glandular, margin glandular, apex
短角蔷薇 duan jiao qiang wei acute; rachis and petiolule densely glandular and prickly; leaf-
 ROSACEAE

lets 5(–7), pale green abaxially, green adaxially, ovate or obo- not glandular.
vate-elliptic, 8–15(–18) × 6–10(–13) mm, abaxially densely 2a. Leaflets adaxially glabrous, abaxially
glandular and pilose, adaxially slightly pubescent, base sub- puberulous or only along midvein
rounded or broadly cuneate, margin doubly serrate, teeth glan- puberulous, not reticulate ................. 51a. var. giraldii
dular apically, apex acute. Flower solitary, rarely 2 or 3 and fas- 2b. Leaflets adaxially pubescent,
ciculate, ca. 2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 7–10 mm, glandular; abaxially densely pubescent,
bracts 1 or 2, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, margin glandular, apex distinctly reticulate ........................ 51b. var. venulosa
acuminate. Hypanthium subellipsoid, abaxially slightly glandu-
51a. Rosa giraldii var. giraldii
lar or glabrous. Sepals 5, reflexed, ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm,
adaxially pubescent, margin shallowly pinnately lobed and ser- 陕西蔷薇(原变种) shan xi qiang wei (yuan bian zhong)
rate, teeth glandular apically, apex caudate-acuminate. Petals 5,
pink, obovate, ca. 1.2 cm in diam., apex emarginate. Styles free, Leaflets abaxially puberulous or only along midvein pu-
slightly exserted, shorter than stamens, white pubescent. Hip berulous, not reticulate, adaxially glabrous.
yellow-red, subellipsoid, ca. 1.4 cm, ca. 1 cm in diam., gla- ● Scrub, slopes; 700–2000 m. Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi,
brous, with a short neck at apex, with persistent, erect sepals. Shanxi, Sichuan.
Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct.
51b. Rosa giraldii var. venulosa Rehder & E. H. Wilson in
● Dry slopes. S Liaoning (Lüshun). Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 328. 1915.
One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.
毛叶陕西蔷薇 mao ye shan xi qiang wei
51. Rosa giraldii Crépin, Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1897: 232. 1897.
Leaflets abaxially densely pubescent, distinctly reticu-
陕西蔷薇 shan xi qiang wei late, adaxially pubescent.
Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branchlets erect or spreading, slender; ● Scrub; 1000–1600 m. W Hubei, S Shaanxi, Sichuan.
prickles paired at base of leaves, sparse, terete, straight, to 8
51c. Rosa giraldii var. bidentata T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, var.
mm, slender, abruptly narrowing to elliptic base. Leaves includ-
nov.
ing petiole 4–8 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts
ovate, margin glandular serrate, shortly acuminate; rachis and 重齿陕西蔷薇 chong chi shan xi qiang wei
petiole sparsely pubescent, glandular pubescent, shortly prickly;
leaflets 7–9, suborbicular, obovate, or elliptic, 1–2.5 × 0.6–1.5 Type: China. Shaanxi: Chang’an Xian, Zhongnan Shan, s.d.,
Anonymous s.n. (holotype, PE).
cm, abaxially pubescent or rarely puberulous along midvein,
adaxially glabrous or pubescent, base rounded or broadly cu- A var. giraldii foliolis margine irregulariter duplicato-serratis,
neate, margin simple or doubly serrate, teeth glandular or not, serraturis apice glandulosis, foliorum rhachidibus et foliolis subtus ad
apex rounded-obtuse or acute. Flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 and costam pubescentibus sparse glanduloisis et breve aculeatis, differt.
fasciculate, 2–3 cm in diam.; pedicel not exceeding 1 cm,
Leaflets abaxially along midvein pubescent, sparsely glan-
glandular pubescent or not; bracts 1 or 2, ovate, glabrous, mar-
dular, and shortly prickly, leaflet margin irregularly doubly ser-
gin glandular serrate, apex acute or shortly caudate. Hypan-
rate, teeth glandular apically.
thium obovate, glandular pubescent. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate,
abaxially glandular pubescent, adaxially puberulous, margin en- ● Rocky slopes; ca. 1700 m. SC Shaanxi (Zhongnan Shan).
tire or 1- or 2-lobed, apex caudate. Petals 5, pink, broadly obo-
This variety was accepted in FRPS (p. 418), with the place of
vate, base cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, shorter than
publication cited as “Bull. Bot. Res.[, Harbin] 1(4): 1981,” i.e., without
stamens, densely yellowish pubescent. Hip dark red, ovoid, ca.
a page number. The name was published nowhere in that journal, and
1 cm in diam., glandular pubescent or not, with a short neck at no validating description, diagnosis, nor indication of type was included
apex, often with persistent, erect sepals. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul– in FRPS. It is therefore validated here. One of us (Robertson) has seen
Oct. no specimens of this variety.
● Scrub, slopes; 700–2000 m. Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi,
Shanxi, Sichuan.
52. Rosa sertata Rolfe, Bot. Mag. 139: t. 8473. 1913.

Three varieties are recognized here. Rosa nanothamnus Boulenger 钝叶蔷薇 dun ye qiang wei
(Bull. Jard. Bot. État 13: 206. 1935), described from Xinjiang, is very
similar to R. giraldii and differs only in having larger prickles, equaling Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets terete, slender, glabrous;
or longer than the largest leaflets, and crenate leaflet margins. Further prickles paired below leaves, and sometimes sparsely scattered,
study is needed to ascertain whether R. nanothamnus should be treated terete, straight, to 8 mm, fine, abruptly tapering to a disclike
as a separate species or a fourth variety of R. giraldii. base. Leaves including petiole 5–8 cm; stipules mostly adnate
1a. Leaflets abaxially along midvein pubescent, to petiole, free parts ovate, glabrous, auriculate, margin glan-
sparsely glandular, and shortly prickly, dular pubescent, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole sparsely
margin irregularly doubly serrate, teeth pubescent, glandular pubescent, and shortly prickly; leaflets 7–
glandular apically .................................. 51c. var. bidentata 15, broadly elliptic or ovate-elliptic, (0.6–)1–2.5 × 0.7–1.5
1b. Leaflets abaxially not glandular pubescent cm, glabrous or abaxially along midvein sparsely pubescent,
and not prickly, margin simply serrate, with prominent midvein and lateral veins, base subrounded,
 ROSACEAE

margin simply serrate to doubly serrate, entire near base, apex glandular puberulous. Sepals 5, triangular-lanceolate, abaxially
acute or rounded-obtuse. Flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 or more glandular pubescent, adaxially densely puberulous, margin en-
in a corymb, 2–3.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–3 cm, glabrous or tire, apex elongate. Petals 5, reddish or rose, broadly obovate,
sparsely glandular pubescent; bracteoles 1–3; bracts ovate, mar- base cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, shorter than sta-
gin glandular pubescent, apex shortly acuminate. Hypanthium mens, pubescent. Hip nodding, bright red, subglobose or ovoid,
ovoid, glabrous or rarely sparsely stipitate glandular. Sepals 5, 1.5–2 cm in diam., glabrous, with persistent, spreading sepals.
ovate-lanceolate, leaflike, abaxially glabrous, adaxially densely Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Jul–Sep.
yellowish white pubescent, margin entire, apex elongate. Petals Forests, scrub, grassy places, valleys, slopes, farmland; 2000–
5, pink or rose, broadly obovate, base broadly cuneate, apex 4500 m. Xizang [Afghanistan, N India, Kashmir, Mongolia, W Nepal].
emarginate. Styles free, shorter than stamens, pubescent. Hip Rosa dawoensis Pax & Hoffmann (Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
deep red, ovoid, 1.2–2 × ca. 1 cm, glabrous or rarely sparsely Beih. 12: 414. 1922), described from Sichuan (Dawu Xian), is similar to
stipitate glandular, with a short neck at apex; sepals persistent, R. webbiana and requires further study.
erect. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug–Oct.
54. Rosa fedtschenkoana Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk.
● Sparse woods, slopes, stream sides, roadsides; 1400–2200 m. Bot. Sada 5: 314. 1878.
Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Si-
chuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang. 腺果蔷薇 xian guo qiang wei
1a. Leaflets 7–11, margin simply serrate, teeth Shrubs large, to 6 m tall. Branchlets purple-brown, terete,
not aristate ................................................. 52a. var. sertata prickly; prickles yellowish, straight, to 7 mm, rigid, gradually
1b. Leaflets 9–15, margin tending to doubly tapering to broad base. Leaves including petiole 3–4.5 cm; sti-
serrate, teeth irregularly aristate apically pules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts lanceolate or ovate,
............................................................... 52b. var. multijuga margin glandular pubescent, apex acute; rachis and petiole gla-
52a. Rosa sertata var. sertata brous or sparsely glandular pubescent; leaflets usually 7, rarely
5 or 9, suborbicular or ovate, glabrous, leathery, abaxially with
钝叶蔷薇(原变种) dun ye qiang wei (yuan bian zhong) prominent veins, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin
Rosa hwangshanensis P. S. Hsu; R. iochanensis H. Lé- simply serrate, entire near base, apex rounded-obtuse. Flowers
veillé. solitary, sometimes 2–4 and fasciculate, 3–4 cm in diam.; pedi-
cel 1–2 cm, stipitate glandular pubescent; bracts ovate or ovate-
Leaflets 7–11, margin simply serrate, teeth not aristate.
lanceolate, margin glandular pubescent, apex caudate or acute.
● Sparse woods, slopes, stream sides, roadsides; 1400–2200 m. Hypanthium ovoid, stipitate glandular, rarely glabrous. Sepals
Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Si- 5, lanceolate, abaxially stipitate glandular, adaxially densely
chuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
pubescent, apex acuminate. Petals 5, white, rarely pink, broadly
52b. Rosa sertata var. multijuga T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Bull. obovate, base broadly cuneate, apex erose. Styles free, shorter
Bot. Res., Harbin 1(4): 12. 1981. than stamens, pubescent. Hip deep red, oblong or ovoid, 1.5–2
cm in diam., densely glandular pubescent, with persistent se-
多对钝叶蔷薇 duo dui dun ye qiang wei
pals. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct.
Leaflets 9–15, margin tending to doubly serrate, teeth ir-
Scrub, slopes, stream sides in valleys; 2400–2700 m. Xinjiang
regularly aristate apically. [Kazakhstan].
● Sichuan (Dawu Xian).
55. Rosa tibetica T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18:
53. Rosa webbiana Wallich ex Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 500. 1980.
208. 1835.
西藏蔷薇 xi zang qiang wei
藏边蔷薇 zang bian qiang wei
Shrubs small. Branchlets slightly curved, glabrous; prick-
Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets purple-brown, slender; les scattered or in pairs, yellowish, straight, often intermixed
prickles in pairs below leaves, and scattered, yellow, terete, with bristles. Leaves including petiole ca. 4 cm; stipules mostly
straight, to 1 cm, stout, gradually tapering below to a broad adnate to petiole, free parts ovate, margin glandular pubescent,
base. Leaves including petiole 3–4 cm; stipules mostly adnate apex acute; rachis and petiole sparsely glandular pubescent and
to petiole, free parts ovate, margin glandular, apex acute; rachis shortly prickly; leaflets 5–7, oblong, 1–1.3 × 0.5–0.8 cm, abax-
and petiole glabrous but very sparsely small prickly; leaflets 5– ially glandular pubescent, with prominent midvein and lateral
9, suborbicular, obovate, or broadly elliptic, 6–20 × 4–12 mm, veins, adaxially glabrous, base subrounded or broadly cuneate,
glabrous or abaxially sparsely puberulous along veins, base margin doubly serrate, teeth often glandular apically, apex
subrounded or cuneate, margin simply serrate at upper part, rounded-obtuse. Flower solitary, 3.5–4 cm in diam.; pedicel ca.
near base entire, apex rounded-obtuse, rarely acute. Flowers 2 cm, glabrous; bracts ovate, ca. 1.5 cm, abaxially and margin
solitary, rarely 2 or 3 and fasciculate, 3.5–5 cm in diam.; pedi- glandular pubescent, 3-lobed at apex. Hypanthium ovoid, gla-
cel 1–1.5 cm, glabrous or glandular pubescent; bracts ovate, brous. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, abaxially subglabrous, adax-
margin glandular serrate, midvein and lateral veins abaxially ially densely pubescent, margin entire or inconspicuously ser-
conspicuous. Hypanthium subglobose or ovoid, glabrous or rate near apex, apex caudate. Petals 5, white, slightly broadly
 ROSACEAE

obovate, base cuneate, apex rounded-obtuse. Styles free, slight- ● Coniferous forests, secondary Populus-Betula forests; 3800–
ly exserted, shorter than stamens, densely white villous. Hip 4000 m. S Xizang.
red-brown, ovoid or globose, 1–1.2 cm in diam., glabrous and
smooth, with persistent, erect sepals. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct. One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.

3. Rosa sect. Chinenses Candolle ex Seringe, Mus. Helv. Bot. 1: 2. 1818.

月季组 yue ji zu
Shrubs erect or climbing, with curved prickles. Leaflets 3–5, rarely 7; stipules narrow, adnate to petiole. Flowers 1 to numerous.
Sepals entire or with a few lobes, after anthesis reflexed and deciduous. Styles free, exserted, nearly equaling stamens.
Three species: China, Myanmar, N Thailand, N Vietnam, widely cultivated elsewhere; three species (two endemic) in China.

56. Rosa chinensis Jacquin, Observ. Bot. 3: 7. 1768. 7, abaxially dark green. Petals red, pink, or white. Sepals of-
ten with a few lobes.
月季花 yue ji hua
Cultivated in China [widely cultivated elsewhere, of cultivated
Shrubs erect, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets purple-brown, terete, origin].
robust, subglabrous; prickles abundant to absent, curved, stout,
A famous Chinese ornamental plant with many widely cultivated
flat. Leaves including petiole 5–11 cm; stipules mostly adnate
horticultural forms.
to petiole, free parts auriculate, margin entire, often glandular
pubescent, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole sparsely prickly 56b. Rosa chinensis var. spontanea (Rehder & E. H. Wilson)
and glandular pubescent; leaflets 3–5, rarely 7, greenish abax- T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku in T. T. Yu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37:
ially, dark green adaxially, broadly ovate or ovate-oblong, 2.5– 423. 1985.
6 × 1–3 cm, both surfaces subglabrous, adaxially often shiny, 单瓣月季花 dan ban yue ji hua
base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin acutely serrate,
apex long acuminate or acuminate. Flowers 4 or 5 and fascicu- Rosa chinensis f. spontanea Rehder & E. H. Wilson in
late, rarely solitary, slightly fragrant or not, 4–5 cm in diam.; Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 320. 1915.
pedicel 2.5–6 cm, subglabrous or glandular pubescent; bracts Branches with broad prickles. Flowers single, often soli-
1–3, linear, glabrous, margin glandular or entire, apex acute. tary. Leaflets 3–5. Petals red. Sepals often entire, rarely with a
Hypanthium ovoid-globose or pyriform, glabrous. Sepals 5, few lobes.
deciduous, ovate, sometimes leaflike, abaxially glabrous, adax-
ially densely villous, margin entire or pinnately few lobed, oc- ● Native in Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan.
casionally parted, apex acuminate or caudate. Petals 5, semi- 56c. Rosa chinensis var. semperflorens (Curtis) Koehne, Deut.
double, or double, red, pink, white, or purple, obovate, base Dendrol. 281. 1893.
cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, exserted, nearly equal-
ing stamens, pubescent. Hip red, ovoid or pyriform, 1–2 cm in 紫月季花 zi yue ji hua
diam., glabrous. Fl. Apr–Sep, fr. Jun–Nov. 2n = 21*, 28*. Rosa semperflorens Curtis, Bot. Mag. 8: t. 284. 1794.
● Native in Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan; also widely cultivated in Branchlets slender, with short prickles. Flowers double or
China [widely cultivated elsewhere]. semidouble, often solitary, or 2 or 3 and fasciculate. Leaflets
1a. Flowers single ..................................... 56b. var. spontanea 5–7, thinner, often tinged with purple-red. Petals deep red or
1b. Flowers double or semidouble. deep purple. Sepals often with a few lobes. 2n = 14*.
2a. Branches robust, often with hooked Cultivated in China [widely cultivated elsewhere; of cultivated
prickles; leaflets 3–5, rarely 7, origin].
abaxially dark green; flowers
several, rarely solitary; petals 57. Rosa odorata (Andrews) Sweet, Hort. Suburb. Lond. 119.
red, pink, or white ......................... 56a. var. chinensis 1818.
2b. Branches slender, with short 香水月季 xiang shui yue ji
prickles; leaflets 5–7, thinner,
often tinged with purple-red; Shrubs evergreen or semi-evergreen, climbing or scram-
flowers often solitary, or 2 or bling, with long repent branches. Branches robust, glabrous;
3 and fasciculate; petals deep prickles scattered, curved, to 7 mm, stout, flat, gradually taper-
red or deep purple ................. 56c. var. semperflorens ing to broad base. Leaves including petiole 5–10 cm; stipules
mostly adnate to petiole, free parts auriculate, glabrous, glandu-
56a. Rosa chinensis var. chinensis
lar at margin or only at base, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole
月季花(原变种) yue ji hua (yuan bian zhong) sparsely shortly prickly and glandular pubescent; leaflets 5–9,
elliptic, ovate, or oblong-ovate, 2–7 × 1.5–3 cm, leathery, both
Rosa nankinensis Loureiro; R. sinica Linnaeus.
surfaces glabrous, base cuneate or subrounded, margin appress-
Branches robust, often with hooked prickles. Flowers dou- ed-serrate, apex acute or acuminate. Flowers solitary, or 2 or 3
ble or semidouble, several, rarely solitary. Leaflets 3–5, rarely and fasciculate, very fragrant, 3–10 cm in diam.; pedicel 2–3
 ROSACEAE

cm, glabrous or glandular pubescent; bracts 1–3, linear, margin Mixed forests, thickets, scrub on hillsides, pastures, grassy slopes,
entire or sparsely glandular, apex attenuate. Hypanthium de- roadsides; 1400–2700 m. Yunnan [Myanmar, N Thailand, N Vietnam].
pressed-globose. Sepals 5, lanceolate, abaxially glabrous, adax- 57c. Rosa odorata var. pseudoindica (Lindley) Rehder, Mitt.
ially densely villous, margin entire, rarely few pinnately lobed, Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 221. 1916.
apex long acuminate, after anthesis reflexed, deciduous. Petals
5, semidouble, or double, white or tinged with pink, yellow, or 橘黄香水月季 ju huang xiang shui yue ji
orange, fragrant, obovate, base cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles Rosa pseudoindica Lindley, Ros. Monogr. 132. 1820; R.
free, exserted, nearly equaling stamens, pubescent. Hip red, de- chinensis Jacquin var. pseudoindica (Lindley) E. Willmott.
pressed-globose, rarely pyriform, glabrous. Fl. Jun–Sep.
Flowers double, ca. 8 cm in diam. Petals yellow or orange.
Mixed forests, thickets, scrub on hillsides, pastures, grassy slopes,
● NW Yunnan.
roadsides; 1400–2700 m. Native in Yunnan; cultivated in Jiangsu, Si-
chuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Myanmar, N Thailand, N Vietnam]. 57d. Rosa odorata var. erubescens (Focke) T. T. Yu & T. C.
According to Fu (China Plant Red Data Book 1: 556–557. 1992), Ku in T. T. Yu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37: 424. 1985.
this is a rare species threatened by habitat loss. 粉红香水月季 fen hong xiang shui yue ji
1a. Flowers single, 8–10 cm in diam.; petals Rosa gigantea f. erubescens Focke, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard.
white ....................................................... 57b. var. gigantea Edinburgh 7: 68. 1911; R. odorata var. gigantea f. erubescens
1b. Flowers double or semidouble, usually (Focke) Rehder & E. H. Wilson.
smaller, 3–8 cm in diam.; petals yellow,
orange, or white, or white tinged pinkish. Flowers double, 3–6 cm in diam. Petals pale pink.
2a. Petals yellow or orange; flowers ● 2000–2500 m. NW Yunnan (Dali Xian, Lijiang Xian).
ca. 8 cm in diam. .................... 57c. var. pseudoindica
58. Rosa lucidissima H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
2b. Petals white or tinged pinkish;
Veg. 9: 444. 1911.
flowers 5–8 cm in diam.
3a. Petals white or tinged pinkish; 亮叶月季 liang ye yue ji
flowers 5–8 cm in diam. ......... 57a. var. odorata
Rosa anemonoides Rehder; R. boisii Cardot; R. lucidissi-
3b. Petals pale pink; flowers
ma f. setosa Cardot.
3–6 cm in diam. ................. 57d. var. erubescens
Shrubs evergreen or semi-evergreen, climbing. Branchlets
57a. Rosa odorata var. odorata
robust, glabrous when old; prickles sparse, curved, flat, gradu-
香水月季(原变种) xiang shui yue ji (yuan bian zhong) ally tapering to base; bristles sometimes dense. Leaves includ-
ing petiole 6–11 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts
Rosa indica Linnaeus var. odorata Andrews, Roses 2: t.
lanceolate, glabrous, margin glandular, apex acuminate; rachis
77. 1810; R. gechouitangensis H. Léveillé; R. indica var. fra-
and petiole shortly prickly, sparsely glandular pubescent; leaf-
grans Thory; R. odoratissima Sweet ex Lindley; R. oulengensis
lets usually 3, rarely 5, pale green abaxially, deep green adax-
H. Léveillé; R. thea Savi; R. tongtchouanensis H. Léveillé.
ially, often purple-brown when old, oblong-ovate or long el-
Flowers double or semidouble, 5–8 cm in diam. Petals liptic, 4–8 × 2–4 cm, glabrous, base subrounded or broadly
white or pinkish. cuneate, margin acutely depressed serrate, apex caudate-acu-
Cultivated. Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [widely cultivated minate or acute. Flower solitary, 3–3.5 cm in diam.; pedicel
elsewhere; of cultivated origin]. 6–12 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent when young, rarely
glandular pubescent; bracts absent. Hypanthium pyriform or
57b. Rosa odorata var. gigantea (Crépin) Rehder & E. H. obovoid. Sepals 5, oblong-lanceolate, abaxially glabrous, adaxi-
Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 338. 1915. ally densely pubescent, margin entire or slightly incised, apex
大花香水月季 da hua xiang shui yue ji caudate-acuminate, after anthesis reflexed, deciduous. Petals 5,
purple-red, broadly obovate, base cuneate, apex emarginate.
Rosa gigantea Collett ex Crépin, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Styles free, exserted, purple-red, equaling stamens, pubescent.
Belgique 27: 148. 1888; R. duclouxii H. Léveillé; R. macrocar- Hip often black-purple, pyriform or obovoid, smooth. Fl. Apr–
pa Watt ex Crépin; R. xanthocarpa Watt ex E. Willmott. Jun, fr. May–Aug.
Flowers single, 8–10 cm in diam. Petals white. 2n = 21*. ● Mixed forests, scrub; 400–1400 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan.

4. Rosa sect. Synstylae Candolle, Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 137. 1813.
合柱组 he zhu zu
Shrubs climbing, rarely erect; prickles curved. Leaflets 5–9, rarely 3; stipules adnate to petiole, margin entire, serrate, or pecti-
nately lobed. Flowers numerous in corymb. Sepals often pinnately lobed, rarely entire, after anthesis reflexed and deciduous. Styles
connate into a column, exserted.

About 35 species: N Africa, Asia, Europe, North America; 30 species (22 endemic) in China.
 ROSACEAE

Rosa alexandrae Buzunova (Novon 4: 209. 1994) was described from a single specimen collected in Gansu in 1885: Potanin s.n. (LE). It ap-
parently has no close relatives within R. sect. Synstylae, but may be remotely related to R. weisiensis, which differs from R. alexandrae in its straight,
basally dilated prickles and narrower leaflets.

59. Rosa langyashanica D. C. Zhang & J. Z. Shao, Acta Phy- Two varieties are recognized here. Plants of this species from
totax. Sin. 35: 265. 1997. Taiwan are usually called var. formosana Cardot (Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3:
263. 1916), which is characterized by small leaflets, 1–3 × 0.8–1.5 cm,
琅琊山蔷薇 lang ya shan qiang wei but this taxon seems to fall within the overall range of variation for var.
multiflora. Two other varieties are cultivated in China, but do not occur
Shrubs deciduous, ca. 2 m tall. Branchlets dark purple or
spontaneously: var. alboplena T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku (Bull. Bot. Res.,
grayish brown, terete, glabrous, sparsely prickly; prickles yel-
Harbin 1(4): 12. 1981), which has white, double flowers, and var. car-
lowish, curved or straight, flat, turgid at base. Leaves 7–10 cm nea Thory (in Redouté, Roses 2: 67. 1821; Rosa blinii H. Léveillé; R.
including petiole; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts lebrunei H. Léveillé), which has pink, double flowers.
pectinately parted to base, margin glandular pubescent or not;
rachis and petiole glandular pubescent or subglabrous; leaflets 1a. Petals white; flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam.
(5 or)7 or 9, sessile or subsessile, pale green abaxially, deep .............................................................. 60a. var. multiflora
green adaxially, rhomboid-elliptic, 2.5–3 × 0.8–1.8 cm, midvein 1b. Petals pink; flowers to 4 cm in diam.
and lateral veins prominent abaxially, impressed adaxially, both ............................................................ 60b. var. cathayensis
surfaces glabrous, base cuneate or broadly so, margin sharply 60a. Rosa multiflora var. multiflora
deeply serrate, apex acute or acuminate; teeth triangular-ovate.
Compound corymb 5–9-flowered; peduncle sparsely glandular 野蔷薇(原变种) ye qiang wei (yuan bian zhong)
pubescent. Flowers 2–3 cm in diam.; pedicel 2–2.5 cm; bracts Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam. Petals white.
unknown. Hypanthium obovoid, abaxially glabrous. Sepals lan-
ceolate or ovate-lanceolate, ca. 2 × as long as hypanthium, Henan, Jiangsu, Shandong [Japan, Korea].
abaxially subglabrous, adaxially densely pubescent, margin en- 60b. Rosa multiflora var. cathayensis Rehder & E. H. Wilson
tire, usually glandular pubescent, apex caudate-acuminate. Pet- in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 304. 1915.
als pink, broadly obovate, 6–7 × 4–5 mm, base cuneate, apex
emarginate. Stamens numerous. Styles connate into a column, 粉团蔷薇 fen tuan qiang wei
exserted, slightly longer than stamens, glabrous. Hip ovoid-glo- ?Rosa adenoclada H. Léveillé (1912), not Hy (1895); R.
bose, glabrous when young. Fl. May. calva (Franchet & Savatier) Boulenger var. cathayensis (Reh-
● Forest margins; 100–200 m. E Anhui (Chu Xian). der & E. H. Wilson) Boulenger; R. cathayensis (Rehder & E. H.
Wilson) L. H. Bailey; ?R. damascena Miller f. brachyacantha
One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.
Focke; R. gentiliana H. Léveillé & Vaniot; R. kwangsiensis H.
60. Rosa multiflora Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, L. Li; R. macrophylla Lindley var. hypoleuca H. Léveillé; ?R.
474. 1784. multiflora var. brachyacantha (Focke) Rehder & E. H. Wilson;
R. multiflora var. gentiliana (H. Léveillé & Vaniot) T. T. Yu &
野蔷薇 ye qiang wei H. T. Tsai.
Shrubs climbing. Branchlets terete, usually glabrous; Flowers to 4 cm in diam. Petals pink. 2n = 14*, 28*.
prickles paired below leaves, sometimes sparsely scattered,
curved, to 6 mm, stout, flat, gradually tapering to broad base. ● Thickets, scrub, slopes, river sides; 300–2000 m. Anhui, Fujian,
Leaves including petiole 5–10 cm; stipules pectinate, mostly S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S Hebei, Henan, Hunan, Ji-
angxi, S Shaanxi, S Shandong, ?Yunnan, Zhejiang.
adnate to petiole, margin glandular pubescent or not; rachis and
petiole pubescent or glabrous, glandular pubescent, shortly The root, which contains 23–25% tannin, is used for tanning. The
prickly; leaflets (3–)5–9, obovate, oblong, or ovate, 1–5 × 0.8– fresh flowers, from which essential oils can be extracted, are used in the
2.8 cm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base rounded cosmetic industry. The roots, leaves, flowers, and seeds are all used
or cuneate, margin simply serrate, apex acute or rounded-ob- medicinally.
tuse. Flowers numerous in corymb, 1.5–4 cm in diam.; pedicel 61. Rosa daishanensis T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(1):
1.5–2.5 cm, puberulous, glabrous, or glandular pubescent, mar-
11. 1990.
gin sometimes pectinate; bracts at base of pedicel, small. Hy-
panthium subglobose, glabrous. Sepals 5, deciduous, lanceolate, 岱山蔷薇 dai shan qiang wei
abaxially glabrous, adaxially pubescent, margin entire or with 2
Shrubs climbing, small, to 1 m tall. Branchlets terete,
linear lobes at middle. Petals 5, semidouble, or double, white,
pinkish, or pink (in some cultivated plants), fragrant, obovate, slightly curved, slender, subglabrous; prickles short, slightly
base cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles connate in column, ex- flat, inflated at base. Leaves including petiole 5.5–7 cm; stip-
serted, slightly longer than stamens, glabrous. Hip red-brown or ules mostly adnate to petiole, margin pectinate and glandular;
purple-brown, subglobose, 6–8 mm in diam., glabrous, shiny. rachis and petioles densely stipitate glandular and sparsely pu-
2n = 14*, 21. bescent; leaflets 5–7, pale green abaxially, deep green adaxi-
ally, usually obovate-oblong or elliptic, 1.3–2 × 0.9–1.5 cm,
Thickets, scrub, slopes, river sides; 300–2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, S
Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S Hebei, Henan, Hunan, Jiang- abaxially glabrous or sparsely glandular or pubescent along
su, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Shandong, Taiwan, ?Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, midvein, adaxially subglabrous, base broadly cuneate or round-
Korea]. ed, margin doubly serrate, apex acuminate. Flowers 8–12-flow-
 ROSACEAE

ered in panicle, 2–2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 5–10 mm, glandu- rounded-obtuse. Styles connate in column, exserted, slightly
lar; bracts caducous. Hypanthium ovoid-globose, subglabrous, longer than stamens, densely pubescent. Hip unknown.
sparsely villous and glandular pubescent. Sepals 5, lanceolate, ● Mountain slopes; ca. 2300 m. Yunnan (Kunming Shi).
abaxially stipulate-glandular, adaxially densely villous, margin
pinnately lobed; lobules lanceolate to linear, apex long acumi- 64. Rosa kwangtungensis T. T. Yu & H. T. Tsai, Bull. Fan.
nate. Petals 5, white, unknown. Styles connate in column, ex- Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. Ser., 7: 114. 1936.
serted, slightly shorter than stamens, glabrous. Hip unknown. 广东蔷薇 guang dong qiang wei
● NE Zhejiang (Daishan Xian).
Shrubs climbing, small, with long repent branches.
One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species. Branchlets dark gray or red-brown, terete, when young puberu-
62. Rosa uniflorella Buzunova, Novon 4: 209. 1994. lous, soon glabrescent; prickles scattered, curved, to 7 mm,
stout, flat, gradually tapering to broad base. Leaves including
单花合柱蔷薇 dan hua he zhu qiang wei petiole 3.5–6 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts
Rosa uniflora T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin lanceolate, pubescent, margin irregularly serrate to fimbriate,
1(4): 12. 1981, not Galushko (1959). glandular, apex shortly acuminate; leaflets 5–7(–9), greenish
abaxially, dark green adaxially, elliptic, long elliptic, or elliptic-
Shrubs small. Branchlets brown or purple-brown, terete, ovate, 1.5–3 × 0.8–1.5 cm, abaxially pubescent, along promi-
curved, slender, striate, subglabrous; prickles scattered or in nent midvein densely pubescent, sparsely shortly prickly and
pairs, short, flat. Leaves including petiole 2.5–3.5 cm; stipules glandular pubescent, adaxially along midvein pubescent, base
pectinate, mostly adnate to petiole, both surfaces and margin broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin serrulate, apex acute
sparsely pubescent, densely glandular pubescent; rachis and or acuminate. Flowers 4–15, 1.5–3 cm in diam., in terminal
petiole densely pubescent and glandular pubescent; leaflets 5–7, corymb 5–7 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–3 cm, densely pubescent
obovate or broadly elliptic, 7–10 × 5–7 mm, abaxially pubes- and glandular pubescent or subglabrous; bracts 1–3, ovate, mar-
cent, with prominent midvein, adaxially sparsely pubescent, gin glandular, laciniate or serrate, apex acuminate. Hypanthium
base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin simply serrate or ovoid, puberulous and glandular pubescent, glabrate. Sepals 5,
nearly doubly serrate, apex acute or obtuse. Flower solitary, deciduous, ovate-lanceolate, both surfaces pubescent or subgla-
axillary, 2–2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel less than 1 cm, sparsely brous, abaxially intermixed with glandular hairs, margin entire,
pubescent and glandular pubescent; bracts 2 or 3, at base of apex long acuminate. Petals 5 or double, white or red, fragrant,
pedicel, ovate-lanceolate, abaxially and margin densely glan- obovate, base broadly cuneate, apex emarginate or rounded-
dular pubescent. Hypanthium oblong, abaxially densely glandu- obtuse. Styles connate into column, exserted, slightly longer
lar pubescent. Sepals 5, lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, abaxially densely than stamens, pubescent. Hip purple-brown, globose, 7–10 mm
glandular pubescent, adaxially densely pubescent, margin entire in diam., shiny. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Jul.
or rarely lobed, apex acuminate. Petals 5, white, oblong-obo- ● Scrub, slopes, river sides, roadsides; 100–500 m. Fujian, Guang-
vate, base cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles connate into column, dong, Guangxi.
slightly shorter than stamens, glabrous. Hip unknown.
1a. Flowers single, 1.5–2 cm in diam.
● Sunny sea shores. NE Zhejiang (Daishan Xian). ..................................................... 64a. var. kwangtungensis
One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.
1b. Flowers double, 1–3 cm in diam.
2a. Pedicels and sepals tomentose-
63. Rosa kunmingensis T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(1): pubescent; flowers 1–1.5 cm
10. 1990. in diam. ............................................... 64b. var. mollis
2b. Pedicels and sepals subglabrous;
昆明蔷薇 kun ming qiang wei
flowers 2.5–3 cm in diam. .................. 64c. var. plena
Shrubs ca. 3 m tall. Branchlets red-brown, terete, robust,
64a. Rosa kwangtungensis var. kwangtungensis
glabrous, glandular; prickles sparse, straight or slightly curved,
to 9 mm, robust, flat, gradually tapering to broad base. Leaves 广东蔷薇(原变种) guang dong qiang wei (yuan bian zhong)
including petiole 6–8 cm; stipules usually partly adnate to peti-
Flowers single, 1.5–2 cm in diam.
ole, margin pectinate; rachis and petioles densely tomentose-
pubescent, laxly prickly; leaflets 7–9, pale green abaxially, deep ● Scrub, slopes, river sides, roadsides; 100–500 m. Fujian, Guang-
green adaxially, elliptic or obovate-oblong, 1.2–2.5 cm × 6–14 dong, Guangxi.
mm, abaxially densely tomentose-pubescent, adaxially subgla- 64b. Rosa kwangtungensis var. mollis Metcalf, J. Arnold Ar-
brous or sparsely pubescent, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, bor. 21: 111. 1940.
margin sharply serrate, apex acute. Flowers 5–7-flowered, in
corymb, ca. 2.8 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.7–2.3 cm, densely glan- 毛叶广东蔷薇 mao ye guang dong qiang wei
dular pubescent; bracts caducous. Hypanthium ovoid-globose, Rosa multiflora Thunberg var. nanningensis Y. Wan & Z.
glabrous. Sepals 5, oblong or lanceolate, 8–11 cm, abaxially R. Huang.
densely tomentose-pubescent, margin entire except for 1 pair of
lobes, adaxially pubescent and glandular pubescent, apex long Flowers double, 1–1.5 cm in diam. Pedicels and sepals to-
caudate. Petals double, white, long obovate, base cuneate, apex mentose-pubescent.
 ROSACEAE

● Ravine slopes. S Fujian (Xiamen Shi), Guangdong, Guangxi. 67. Rosa sambucina Koidzumi var. pubescens Koidzumi, Bot
Mag. (Tokyo) 31: 130. 1917.
64c. Rosa kwangtungensis var. plena T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku
Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(4): 13. 1981. 山蔷薇 shan qiang wei
重瓣广东蔷薇 chong ban guang dong qiang wei Shrubs climbing. Branchlets purple-brown, slender, gla-
Flowers double, 2.5–3 cm in diam. Pedicels and sepals brous; prickles sparse to scattered, to 2 mm, flat, gradually ta-
subglabrous. pering to a broad base 2–3 × height, often with shortly stipitate
glands. Leaves including petiole 7–16 cm; stipules mostly ad-
● Fujian (Cangqian Shan); cultivated in Guangdong. nate to petiole, free parts lanceolate, both surfaces glabrous,
65. Rosa lichiangensis T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., margin glandular pubescent, apex acuminate; rachis and peti-
Harbin 1(4): 14. 1981. oles sparsely pubescent or glabrous, sparsely shortly prickly,
shortly stipitate glandular; leaflets 5, sometimes 3, sublea-
丽江蔷薇 li jiang qiang wei thery, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 4–8 × 1.5–3 cm, both sur-
Shrubs climbing, ca. 2 m tall. Branchlets terete, slender; faces glabrous, base truncate to rounded, margin serrate, apex
prickles scattered, slightly curved, short, stout. Leaves including acuminate. Flowers 4 to several, in terminal corymbs, 2.5–3.5
petiole 3–5 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts mm in diam.; pedicel 2–3 cm, slightly pubescent, shortly stipi-
lanceolate, abaxially pubescent, margin entire, often sparsely tate glandular; bracts lanceolate, small. Hypanthium ellipsoid,
glandular pubescent, apex long acuminate; rachis and petiole sparsely pubescent, shortly stipitate glandular. Sepals 5, decidu-
pubescent and sparsely shortly prickly; leaflets 3–5(–7), elliptic ous, reflexed, lanceolate, shorter than petals, abaxially mostly
or obovate, 1–2.3 × 0.5–1.3 cm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially glabrous, shortly stipitate glandular, adaxially densely pubes-
sparsely pubescent or glabrous, base cuneate or broadly cune- cent, margin entire or with 2 small lobes, apex acuminate. Pet-
ate, rarely subrounded, margin simply serrate, teeth often glan- als 5, white or pink, broadly ovate, base cuneate, apex emargi-
dular apically when young, apex acute or rounded-obtuse. nate. Styles connate into a column, slightly longer than stamens,
Flowers 2–4 in umbel-like corymb, 2.5–3 cm in diam.; pedicel villous or glabrous. Hip red or black, ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm in
1–1.5 cm, glabrous or sparsely glandular pubescent; bracts diam., glabrous, sometimes with a few shortly stipitate glands.
unknown. Hypanthium obovate-oblong, abaxially glabrous or ● Broad-leaved forests (climbing in the crowns of trees), roadside
sparsely glandular pubescent. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, abax- slopes; 1500–1700 m. Taiwan.
ially glabrous or sparsely glandular pubescent, adaxially dense-
ly pubescent, margin glandular pubescent, often with 2–4 linear Rosa sambucina var. sambucina is endemic to Japan.
lobes, apex long acuminate. Petals 5, pink, obovate, base broad- 68. Rosa taiwanensis Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 238. 1916.
ly cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles connate in column, exsert-
ed, nearly equaling stamens, densely pubescent. Hip unknown. 小金樱子 xiao jin ying zi

● Scrub. NW Yunnan (Lijiang Xian). Shrubs climbing. Branchlets slender; prickles scattered,
hooked. Leaves including petiole 5–15 cm; stipules 1/2 or more
One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species. adnate to petiole, free parts triangular to linear, margin ciliate-
66. Rosa transmorrisonensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: serrate, glandular pubescent, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole
97. 1913. mostly glabrous but sparsely prickly and sparsely shortly stip-
itate glandular; leaflets 5–7, elliptic or ovate, 1.5–3.6 × 0.8–1.5
高山蔷薇 gao shan qiang wei cm, terminal one larger than lateral ones, both surfaces glabrous
Shrubs evergreen, dwarf. Branchlets glabrous; prickles or sparsely pubescent along midvein, base obtuse to acute, mar-
sparse or in pairs below leaves, to 7 mm, flat. Stipules mostly gin simply serrate, especially in upper 1/2, apex acute or acumi-
adnate to petiole, free parts lanceolate, ca. 1 cm, both surfaces nate to obtuse. Flowers many, in large terminal corymbs, ca. 2.5
subglabrous or sparsely pubescent, margin filiform-dissected cm in diam.; pedicel ca. 1 cm, pubescent, shortly stipitate glan-
and glandular pubescent; rachis and petiole pubescent, glan- dular; bracts linear, margin ciliate. Hypanthium globose, glan-
dular pubescent, sparsely prickly; leaflets 5–7, rarely 3, ellip- dular pubescent. Sepals 5, deciduous, reflexed, shorter than
tic or oblong, 5–25 × 5–15 mm, abaxially puberulous along petals, ovate-oblong, abaxially pubescent, stipitate glandular,
midvein, adaxially subglabrous, sometimes sparsely glandular adaxially tomentose, margin entire or occasionally with small,
pubescent, margin acutely simply serrate, apex rounded-obtuse, linear lobes, apex acute. Petals 5, white, broadly ovate, apex
pubescent, apex acu acute, or truncate. Flowers solitary or 3–5 emarginate. Styles connate in column, exserted, longer than
in cyme, 1.8–2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel ca. 1.5 cm, glandular stamens, villous. Hip red, globose, 6–8 mm in diam.
pubescent or not; bracts absent. Hypanthium subglobose to ● Mountain ranges; below 2500 m. Taiwan.
urceolate, glabrous. Sepals 5, triangular-ovate, abaxially pubes-
69. Rosa pricei Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 58. 1915.
cent and glandular pubescent, adaxially tomentose, margin
laciniate and glandular minate. Petals 5, white, obovate, ca. 10 太鲁阁蔷薇 tai lu ge qiang wei
× 5 mm, apex emarginate. Styles connate into column, sub-
equaling stamens, villous. Hip subglobose, ca. 6 mm in diam. Shrubs, erect. Branchlets yellow-brown when young, sub-
glabrous; prickles scattered, curved, to 3 mm, gradually taper-
Alpine regions; ca. 2400 m. Taiwan [Philippines]. ing to broad base; bristles sometimes present, glandular. Leaves
 ROSACEAE

including petiole 5–8 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free Thickets, sea cliffs; sea level to 500 m. Fujian, Guangdong,
parts triangular, both surfaces glabrous, margin glandular Guangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Korea, Philip-
pubescent, apex acuminate; rachis and petioles glabrous, pines].
sparsely shortly prickly; leaflets 5–7, ovate to elliptic, 1–2 × 70b. Rosa luciae var. rosea H. L. Li, Lloydia 14: 235. 1952.
0.6–0.8 cm, slightly leathery, both surfaces glabrous, base
rounded, margin simply serrulate, especially in upper 1/2, apex 粉花光叶蔷薇 fen hua guang ye qiang wei
acuminate. Flowers few in cymes, 1.5–2 cm in diam.; pedicel
Flowers ca. 1.5 cm in diam. Petals pink.
0.8–1.5 mm, pubescent and glandular pubescent; bracts ca. 5
mm. Hypanthium ovoid-globose, ca. 2.5 mm, often glandular ● Coasts, on limestone; near sea level. Taiwan.
bristly. Sepals 5, reflexed, nearly equaling petals, lanceolate,
This variety is evidently known only from the type.
abaxially glabrous and sometimes glandular bristly, adaxially
puberulous, margin entire, apex attenuate. Petals 5, white, obo- 71. Rosa miyiensis T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(1): 9.
vate, base broadly cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles connate 1990.
into a column, slightly longer than stamens, villous. Hips un-
known. 米易蔷薇 mi yi qiang wei

● 1500–2000 m. Taiwan. Shrubs small, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets red-brown, slightly

recurved, glabrous but glandular pubescent; prickles usually
70. Rosa luciae Franchet & Rochebrune, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. sparse, robust, inflated at base. Leaves including petiole 5.5–9
Belgique 10: 324. 1871. cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, margin unequally serrate
光叶蔷薇 guang ye qiang wei and glandular pubescent, abaxially glandular, free parts lanceo-
late, apex long acuminate, rachis and petioles glabrous but
Shrubs prostrate, sprawling, or procumbent, 3–5 m. glandular pubescent and sparsely shortly prickly; leaflets 5–
Branches often prostrate, sometimes rooting at nodes; branch- 7, yellow-green abaxially, deep green adaxially, elliptic, rarely
lets red-brown, terete, pubescent when young, soon glabrate; oblong, 2–3.5 × 1.2–2.2 cm, both surfaces glabrous, base
prickles scattered, sometimes paired, often tinged with purple- rounded or subrounded, margin serrate or nearly doubly serrate,
red, curved or nearly straight, to 5 mm, flat, gradually tapering apex acute or shortly acuminate. Flowers 10–15 in panicle, 2.7–
to broad base. Leaves including petiole 5–10 cm; stipules 3 cm in diam.; pedicel 2–3 cm, densely glandular pubescent;
mostly adnate to petiole, free parts lanceolate, margin glandular bracts caducous, unknown. Hypanthium obovoid, subglabrous
serrate or dentate, apex shortly acuminate; rachis and petiole or very sparsely glandular. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 cm,
shortly prickly, sparsely glandular pubescent; leaflets 5–7, rare- abaxially glandular, adaxially densely tomentose-pubescent,
ly 9, greenish abaxially, dark green adaxially, elliptic, ovate, or margin glandular, apex acuminate. Petals double, white, obo-
obovate, 1–3 × 0.7–1.5 cm, glabrous, abaxially with prominent vate, base cuneate, apex rounded-obtuse. Styles connate in col-
midvein, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin remotely ser- umn, exserted, longer than stamens, pubescent. Hip unknown.
rate, apex rounded-obtuse or acute. Flowers numerous in
● About 1700 m. S Sichuan (Miyi Xian).
corymb or solitary, 1.5–3 cm in diam.; pedicel 6–10 mm, with
peduncle sparsely pubescent when young, soon glabrescent, One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.
rarely sparsely glandular pubescent; bracts caducous, ovate.
72. Rosa maximowicziana Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk.
Hypanthium subglobose, sparsely glandular pubescent. Sepals
Bot. Sada 5: 378. 1878.
5, tardily deciduous, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, abaxially
subglabrous, adaxially densely pubescent, margin entire, apex 伞花蔷薇 san hua qiang wei
acuminate. Petals 5, white or pink, fragrant, obovate, base cune-
ate, apex rounded-obtuse. Styles connate into column, exserted, Shrubs small, with long repent branches. Branchlets terete;
slightly longer than stamens, pubescent. Hip purple-black- prickles scattered, curved, to 6 mm, flat, gradually tapering to
brown, globose or subglobose, 6–18 mm in diam., shiny, broad base; bristles and smaller prickles sometimes present.
sparsely glandular pubescent. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Oct–Nov. Leaves including petiole 4–11 cm; stipules mostly adnate to
petiole, free parts lanceolate, margin irregularly serrate and
Thickets, sea cliffs, coasts, on limestone; sea level to 500 m. Fu- glandular pubescent; leaflets 7–9, rarely 5, deep green adaxi-
jian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan (Ryukyu Islands), ally, ovate, elliptic, or oblong, 1.5–3(–6) × 1–2 cm, abaxially
Korea, Philippines].
glabrous or along midvein sparsely pubescent, or shortly prick-
1a. Petals white; flowers 2–3 cm in diam. ....... 70a. var. luciae ly and glandular pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base broadly
1b. Petals pink; flowers ca. 1.5 cm in diam. ..... 70b. var. rosea cuneate or subrounded, margin acutely serrate, apex acute or
acuminate. Flowers several in corymb, 3–3.5 cm in diam.; pedi-
70a. Rosa luciae var. luciae
cel 1–2.5 cm, glandular pubescent; bracts long ovate, margin
光叶蔷薇(原变种) guang ye qiang wei (yuan bian zhong) glandular pubescent. Hypanthium ovoid, abaxially glandular
pubescent. Sepals 5, deciduous, triangular-ovate, both surfaces
Rosa acicularis Lindley var. taquetii (H. Léveillé) Nakai;
pubescent, abaxially glandular pubescent, margin entire, some-
R. luciae var. wichurana (Crépin) Koidzumi; R. taquetii H.
times 1- or 2-lobed, apex long acuminate. Petals 5, white or
Léveillé; R. wichurana Crépin (as “wichuraiana”).
tinged with pink, obovate, base cuneate, apex rounded-obtuse.
Flowers 2–3 cm in diam. Petals white. Styles connate into column, exserted, nearly equaling stamens,
 ROSACEAE

glabrous. Hip black-brown, ovoid, 8–10 mm in diam., shiny. Fl. Hip purple-brown or dark red, ovoid, ca. 1 cm in diam., gla-
Jun–Jul, fr. Sep. 2n = 14. brous, shiny. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul–Nov.
Scrub, open slopes, stream sides, roadsides. Liaoning, Shandong Forests, thickets, scrub at forest margins, valleys; 1900–2800 m.
[Korea, Russia (Far East)]. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal,
Pakistan].
73. Rosa anemoniflora Fortune ex Lindley, J. Hort. Soc. Lon-
don 2: 315. 1874. 75. Rosa glomerata Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl.
Wilson. 2: 309. 1915.
银粉蔷薇 yin fen qiang wei
绣球蔷薇 xiu qiu qiang wei
Rosa sempervirens Linnaeus var. anemoniflora (Fortune
ex Lindley) Regel; R. triphylla Roxburgh ex Hemsley. Shrubs diffuse, scandent, or vines to 9 m. Branches repent,
terete, long, glabrous; branchlets sometimes pubescent; prickles
Shrubs climbing, small. Branchlets purple-brown, terete,
scattered, curved, to 4 mm, flat, gradually tapering to broad
slender, glabrous; prickles sparse, curved, to 2 mm, flat, gradu-
base. Leaves including petiole 10–15 cm; stipules mostly ad-
ally tapering to base, sometimes intermixed with smaller prick-
nate to petiole, free parts auriculate, margin entire, glandular
les, bristles, and glandular trichomes. Leaves including petiole
pubescent, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole with small,
4–11 cm; stipules narrow, mostly adnate to petiole, apical free
curved prickles, densely pubescent; leaflets 5–7, rarely 3 or 9,
parts lanceolate, margin glandular serrate, apex acuminate; ra-
oblong or oblong-obovate, 4–10 × 1.8–4.5 cm, leathery, abax-
chis and petiole sparsely shortly prickly and glandular pubes-
ially densely gray-white pubescent, with prominent veins, adax-
cent; leaflets 3, rarely 5, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
ially glabrous, rugose, base rounded, rarely subcordate, slightly
2–6 × 0.8–2 cm, glabrous, midvein prominent abaxially, con-
oblique, margin serrulate or nearly entire, apex acuminate or
cave adaxially, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin de-
shortly acuminate. Flowers numerous, 1.5–2 cm in diam., in
pressed-serrulate, apex acuminate. Flowers solitary or several in
corymb 4–10 cm in diam.; peduncle 2–4 cm; pedicel 1–1.5
corymb, rarely in corymb-panicle, 2–2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel
cm, densely gray pubescent and sparsely glandular pubescent;
1–3.5 cm, sparsely glandular pubescent; bracts ovate-oblong,
bracts unknown. Hypanthium subglobose, gray pubescent,
margin glandular pubescent, apex acuminate. Hypanthium
sparsely glandular pubescent. Sepals 5, deciduous, ovate-lan-
ovoid, glabrous. Sepals 5, lanceolate, abaxially glabrous, adaxi-
ceolate, abaxially pubescent and sparsely glandular pubescent,
ally puberulous, margin sparsely glandular pubescent, entire,
adaxially densely pubescent, margin entire, apex acuminate.
apex acuminate. Petals 5, pink or white, obovate, base cuneate,
Petals 5, white or pink, fragrant, broadly obovate, abaxially
apex emarginate. Styles connate into column, exserted, slightly
sericeous, base cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles connate into
longer than stamens, pubescent. Hip purple-brown, ovoid, ca. 7
column, exserted, slightly longer than stamens, densely pubes-
mm in diam., glabrous, with persistent sepals. Fl. Mar–May, fr.
cent. Hip orange-red, subglobose or ovoid, 8–10 mm in diam.,
Jun–Aug.
sparsely pubescent and glandular pubescent when young, gla-
● Slopes, river sides, roadsides, waste fields; 400–1000 m. Fujian. brate, shiny. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug–Oct.
74. Rosa brunonii Lindley, Ros. Monogr. 120. 1820. ● Forest margins, thickets, scrub, slopes; 1300–3000 m. Guizhou,
复伞房蔷薇 fu san fang qiang wei Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan.

Rosa clavigera H. Léveillé; R. moschata Herrmann var. 76. Rosa rubus H. Léveillé & Vaniot, Bull. Soc. Bot. France
nepalensis Lindley; R. pubescens Roxburgh. 55: 55. 1908.

Shrubs climbing or scandent, 4–6 m. Branchlets red-brown 悬钩子蔷薇 xuan gou zi qiang wei
or purple-brown, terete, pubescent when young, glabrate; prick-
Rosa ernestii Stapf ex Bean; R. gentiliana H. Léveillé &
les scattered, curved, to 5 mm, flat, gradually tapering to broad
Vaniot f. puberula Handel-Mazzetti; R. henryi Boulenger var.
base. Leaves including petiole 6–9 cm; stipules mostly adnate
puberula (Handel-Mazzetti) Metcalf; R. moschata Herrmann
to petiole, free parts lanceolate, both surfaces pubescent, margin
var. hupehensis Pampanin; R. rubus var. yunnanensis H. Lé-
glandular, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole densely pubes-
veillé.
cent, with scattered small, curved prickles; leaflets 7, often 5 or
3 on leaves near corymb, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 3–5 × 1– Shrubs creeping or scandent, or vines to 5–6 m. Branchlets
1.5 cm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially sparsely pubescent or terete, pubescent when young, glabrate when old; prickles
rarely glabrous, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin scattered, curved, to 2 mm, stout, flat, gradually tapering to
serrate, apex acuminate or acute. Flowers numerous in com- broader base. Leaves including petiole 8–15 cm; stipules mostly
pound corymb, 3–5 cm in diam.; pedicel 2.8–3.5 cm, pubescent adnate to petiole, free parts lanceolate, pubescent, margin en-
and sparsely glandular pubescent; bracts sometimes a unifolio- tire, often glandular, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole pubes-
late leaf at base of inflorescence; bracteoles tiny or absent. Hy- cent, with sparse small hooked prickles; leaflets 5 or 3, ovate-
panthium obovoid, abaxially pubescent. Sepals 5, deciduous, elliptic, obovate, or elliptic, 3–6(–9) × 2–4.5 cm, abaxially
lanceolate, both surfaces pubescent, often with 1 or 2 pairs of densely or sparsely pubescent or glandular, adaxially usually
lobes, apex acuminate. Petals 5, white, fragrant, broadly obo- glabrous, rarely pubescent, base subrounded or broadly cuneate,
vate, base broadly cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles connate in- margin acutely serrate, apex caudate, acute, or acuminate.
to column, exserted, slightly longer than stamens, pubescent. Flowers 10–25 in a paniculate corymb, 2.5–3 cm in diam.;
 ROSACEAE

peduncle with pedicels 1.5–2 cm, pubescent and glandular 长尖叶蔷薇 chang jian ye qiang wei
pubescent; bracts narrowly ovate, small, margin glandular, apex
Shrubs usually evergreen, climbing or scrambling, 1.5–6
acuminate. Hypanthium globose or obovoid, pubescent and
m tall. Branchlets purple-brown; prickles sparse or scattered,
sparsely glandular pubescent. Sepals 5, deciduous, lanceolate,
curved, to 5 mm, stout, flat, gradually tapering to a broad base.
both surfaces densely pubescent, abaxially glandular pubescent,
Leaves including petiole 7–14 cm; stipules mostly adnate to
margin entire or with a few small lobes, apex long acuminate.
petiole, free parts lanceolate, often glandular pubescent; rachis
Petals 5, white, fragrant, obovate, base broadly cuneate, apex
and petiole glabrous, with a few hooked prickles; leaflets 5–9,
emarginate. Styles connate into column, exserted, slightly long- ovate, elliptic, or ovate-oblong, 3–7(–11) × 1–3.5(–5) cm, lea-
er than stamens, pubescent. Hip bright red, purple-brown, or thery, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially with prominent mid-
orange-brown, subglobose, 8–10 mm in diam., shiny, mostly vein, adaxially shiny, rugose or not, base subrounded or broadly
glabrous. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. cuneate, margin acutely serrate, apex acuminate or long acu-
● Scrub, grassy places, slopes, montane regions, cliffs, river banks, minate. Flowers numerous, in corymb, 3–4(–5) cm in diam.;
roadsides; 500–1300 m. Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, pedicel 1.5–3.5 cm, sparsely pubescent, densely glandular
Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang. pubescent; bracts ovate-oblong, margin glandular pubescent.
Hypanthium ovoid or obovoid, sparsely pubescent and glan-
Two forms may be recognized: f. rubus, which has leaflets abax-
ially eglandular, and f. glandulifera T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku (Bull. Bot. dular pubescent. Sepals 5, deciduous, lanceolate, 0.8–1.2 cm,
Res., Harbin 1(2): 15. 1981), which has leaflets abaxially densely both surfaces pubescent, abaxially intermixed with glandular
glandular. hairs, margin entire or few pinnately lobed, apex long acumi-
nate. Petals 5, fragrant, white or creamy-white, broadly obo-
77. Rosa helenae Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wil- vate, abaxially sericeous, base broadly cuneate, apex erose.
son. 2: 310. 1915. Styles connate into column, exserted, slightly longer than sta-
卵果蔷薇 luan guo qiang wei mens, pubescent. Hip dark red, obovoid, 1–1.2 cm in diam.,
glabrous; sepals reflexed, deciduous at hip ripening. Fl. May–
Rosa floribunda Baker. Jul, fr. Jul–Nov.
Shrubs diffuse or scandent, with long repent branches to 9 Mixed evergreen forests, thickets, scrub, dry open areas; 400–
m. Branches purple-brown, robust; branchlets of present year 2700 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [N India].
red-brown, glabrous; prickles scattered, yellowish, curved, to 4 One of us (Robertson) would prefer not to recognize varieties in
mm, stout, flat, tapering gradually to broad base. Leaves in- this species, and notes that the distinguishing characters given below are
cluding petiole 8–17 cm; stipules 1.5–2.5 cm, mostly adnate to not those used by Rehder (Man. Cult. Trees, ed. 2, 447. 1940, as species).
petiole, apical free parts auriculate, margin glandular pubescent,
apex acuminate; rachis and petiole pubescent, with scattered 1a. Leaflets 7–9, leaves near corymb often with
small prickles; leaflets (5–)7–9, oblong-ovate or ovate-lan- 5 leaflets, adaxially not rugose .......... 78a. var. longicuspis
ceolate, 2.5–3.5(–4.5) × 1–2.5 cm, abaxially pubescent, with 1b. Leaflets 5(or 7), adaxially slightly
prominent veins, adaxially glabrous, base rounded or broadly rugose ................................................ 78b. var. sinowilsonii
cuneate, margin appressed-serrate, apex acute or shortly acumi- 78a. Rosa longicuspis var. longicuspis
nate. Flowers 2.5–3.1 cm in diam., in terminal corymbs 6–15
cm in diam., partly umbel-like; pedicel 1.5–2 cm, densely pu- 长尖叶蔷薇(原变种) chang jian ye qiang wei (yuan bian
bescent and glandular pubescent; bracts caducous, lanceolate. zhong)
Hypanthium ovoid, ellipsoid, or obovoid, pubescent and glan- Rosa charbonneaui H. Léveillé; R. lucens Rolfe; R. mos-
dular pubescent. Sepals 5, deciduous, ovate-lanceolate, abaxial- chata Herrmann var. yunnanensis Crépin; R. willmottiana H.
ly villous and glandular pubescent, adaxially densely villous, Léveillé; R. yunnanensis (Crépin) Boulenger
margin often lobed, apex acuminate. Petals 5, fragrant, white,
obovate, base cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles connate into Leaflets 7–9, leaves near corymb often with 5 leaflets,
column, exserted, nearly equaling stamens, densely villous. Hip adaxially not rugose. Flowers in corymbs.
deep red, ovoid, ellipsoid, or obovoid, 1–1.5 × 0.8–1 cm, shiny; Mixed evergreen forests, thickets, scrub, dry open areas; 400–
sepals reflexed after anthesis and deciduous. Fl. May–Jul, fr. 2700 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [N India].
Sep–Oct.
78b. Rosa longicuspis var. sinowilsonii (Hemsley) T. T. Yu &
Wood margins, thickets, scrub, slopes, stream sides; 1000–3000 T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(4): 15. 1981.
m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Thailand, Viet-
nam]. 多花长尖叶蔷薇 duo hua chang jian ye qiang wei
Three forms may be recognized: f. helenae, which has singly Rosa sinowilsonii Hemsley, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906:
serrate, abaxially eglandular leaflets; f. duplicata T. C. Ku (Bull. Bot. 158. 1906.
Res., Harbin 10(1): 12. 1990), which has doubly serrate, abaxially
eglandular leaflets; and f. glandulifera T. C. Ku (Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin Leaflets 5(or 7), abaxially glabrous or slightly pubescent,
10(1): 12. 1990), which has singly serrate, abaxially glandular leaflets. adaxially slightly rugose. Compound corymb 30-flowered.
78. Rosa longicuspis Bertoloni, Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Ist. ● Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
Bologna 11: 101. 1861.
79. Rosa lasiosepala Metcalf, J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 274. 1940.
 ROSACEAE

毛萼蔷薇 mao e qiang wei ly pubescent, glandular pubescent, with scattered, small hooked
prickles; leaflets 5–7, rarely 3 or 9, oblong or lanceolate, rarely
Shrubs climbing, ca. 10 m tall. Branchlets purple-brown,
obovate, 4–7 × 1.5–3 cm, abaxially subglabrous or puberulous
curved, robust, angulate, glabrous; prickles scattered, hooked, along prominent veins, glandular punctate, adaxially glabrous,
short, stout, flat. Leaves including petiole 17–25 cm; stipules base subrounded or broadly cuneate, sometimes slightly
mostly adnate to petiole, free parts ovate-lanceolate, margin oblique, margin simply serrate, rarely inconspicuously doubly
pubescent and glandular pubescent, glabrate; rachis and petiole serrate, apex acuminate. Flowers 25–35, 2–2.5 cm in diam., in
glabrous; leaflets usually 5, rarely 7, often 3 on leaves near compound corymb or panicle ca. 15 cm in diam.; pedicel
corymb, elliptic, rarely ovate-oblong, 7–12 × 3–6 cm, leathery, sparsely glandular pubescent, 2–3 cm; bracts ovate-lanceolate
glabrous, abaxially midvein and lateral veins prominent, adax- or lanceolate, margin glandular pubescent, apex acuminate. Hy-
ially midvein concave, base rounded, margin acutely serrate, panthium ovoid, glandular pubescent. Sepals 5, deciduous,
apex acuminate or shortly caudate. Flowers numerous, in com- ovate-lanceolate, abaxially sparsely pubescent and glandular
pound corymbs, 3–4 cm in diam.; pedicel 2.5–4 cm; densely pubescent, adaxially densely pubescent, margin entire, apex
puberulous; bracts unknown. Hypanthium subglobose, abaxi- acuminate. Petals 5, fragrant, white, obovate. Styles connate
ally densely pubescent. Sepals 5, reflexed, deciduous, lanceo- into column, exserted, nearly equaling stamens, pubescent. Hip
late, 1.5–2 cm, both surfaces densely whitish tomentose, margin deep red, subglobose, ca. 8 mm in diam.; sepals reflexed,
entire, apex acuminate. Petals 5, white, obovate, abaxially eventually deciduous. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Jul–Nov.
sparsely pubescent, base cuneate, apex erose. Styles connate
● Thickets, roadsides; 1300–2300 m. Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan,
into column, exserted, slightly longer than stamens, densely
Xizang, Yunnan.
white pubescent. Hip purple-brown, subglobose or ovoid, 1.8–
2.3 cm in diam., sparsely pubescent; sepals deciduous at hip One of us (Gu) wonders if Rosa tatsienlouensis Cardot (Notul.
ripening. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul–Nov. Syst. (Paris) 3: 264. 1916), described from Sichuan (Kangding Xian), is
identical with R. filipes. Further study is required.
● Valleys in forests, stream sides, roadsides; 900–1800 m. Guang-
xi. 82. Rosa ludingensis T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(1):
4. 1990.
80. Rosa deqenensis T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(1): 5.
1990. 泸定蔷薇 lu ding qiang wei
德钦蔷薇 de qin qiang wei Shrubs small. Branches red-brown, robust, glabrous,
Shrubs small, ca. 1 m tall, glabrous. Branchlets gray-green, Branchlets terete, slightly curved, usually glabrous; prickles
red-brown when old, terete, glabrous; prickles sparse, subulate, curved, flat, inflated at base. Leaves including petiole 9–17 cm;
straight or slightly curved. Leaves including petiole 2–2.5 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, abaxially and margin glan-
stipules mostly adnate to petiole; rachis and petioles glabrous, dular pubescent, free parts triangular, margin glandular pubes-
sparsely glandular pubescent, with small, straight or curved cent, apex acuminate; rachis and petioles subglabrous or sparse-
prickles; leaflets usually 7, obovate, 7–10 × 5–8 mm, both sur- ly pubescent, densely glandular pubescent; leaflets usually 7,
faces glabrous, abaxially sparsely glandular pubescent, base cu- pale green abaxially, deep green adaxially, elliptic or ovate, 3–6
neate, margin doubly serrate, apex rounded. Flowers 2 or 3 and × 1.5–3 cm, abaxially subglabrous, glandular pubescent, adax-
fasciculate; bracts caducous, unknown. Hypanthium compress- ially subglabrous, base rounded, margin doubly serrate, apex
ed-globose, sparsely glandular. Sepals 5, deciduous, ovate-lan- acute or shortly caudate. Flowers numerous, 1.8–3.2 cm in
ceolate, 8–10 mm, abaxially sparsely pubescent and glandular diam., in corymb-panicle; pedicel 1.5–1.8 cm, densely glandu-
pubescent, adaxially densely tomentose-pubescent, margin glan- lar pubescent, bracts caducous, unknown. Hypanthium ovate-
dular, with 1–3 pairs of lobules, apex acuminate or caudate. globose, glabrous, glandular pubescent. Sepals 5, ovate-lan-
Petals unknown. Styles connate into column, exserted, equaling ceolate, 8–10 mm, margin entire, 2–4-lobulate, apex long cau-
stamens, sparsely pubescent. Hip red-brown, subglobose, 8–10 date, acuminate. Petals 5, white, broadly obovate, base cuneate,
mm in diam., sparsely glandular pubescent or densely so; se- apex rounded-obtuse. Styles connate into a column, exserted,
nearly equaling stamens, pubescent. Hips unknown. Fl. May–
pals reflexed, very late deciduous. Fr. Jul.
Jul, fr. Jul–Oct.
● Stream sides; 2000–2100 m. NW Yunnan (Dêqên Xian).
● About 1500 m. C Sichuan (Luding Xian).
One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.
One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.
81. Rosa filipes Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson.
2: 311. 1915. 83. Rosa derongensis T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(1):
7. 1990.
腺梗蔷薇 xian geng qiang wei
Shrubs climbing, 3–5 m tall, with long repent branches. 得荣蔷薇 de rong qiang wei
Branchlets purple-brown, terete, glabrous; prickles scattered, Shrubs small. Branchlets purple-brown or red-brown, ter-
curved, to 5 mm, stout, flat, gradually tapering to a broad base. ete, curved, glabrous; prickles often yellowish or gray-brown,
Leaves including petiole 8–14 cm; stipules narrow, mostly straight or slightly curved, robust, inflated at base. Leaves in-
adnate to petiole, free parts lanceolate, margin entire, sparsely cluding petiole 2.5–3.2 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole,
glandular pubescent, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole sparse- free parts shortly triangular or ovate, glabrous, margin glandular
 ROSACEAE

serrate, rachis and petioles glabrous, sparsely glandular pubes- glabrous, sometimes shortly glandular pubescent. Sepals 5, de-
cent and with small, curved prickles; leaflets 5, rarely 7, yellow- ciduous, ovate, abaxially sparsely puberulous, sometimes short-
green abaxially, deep green adaxially, obovate, 9–15 × 6–10 ly glandular pubescent, adaxially densely puberulous, margin 1-
mm, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate or subrounded, mar- or 2-lobed near base, apex acuminate. Petals 5, yellow-white,
gin sharply serrate, apex rounded. Flowers 2 or 3 and fasci- obovate, base cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles connate into
culate, rarely solitary; bracts caducous, unknown. Hypanthium column, exserted, slightly longer than stamens, pubescent or
ovoid. Sepals 5, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 7–9 mm, abaxi- glabrous. Hip orange-red initially, becoming black-purple, sub-
ally pubescent and glandular pubescent, adaxially tomentose- globose or ovoid, ca. 1 cm in diam., shiny. Fl. May–Jul, fr.
pubescent, margin with 1 or 2 pairs of lobes, apex acuminate, Aug–Sep.
after anthesis reflexed. Petals unknown. Style connate in col- ● Scrub, slopes, stream sides, farmland; 2500–3700 m. S Anhui,
umn, exserted, slightly shorter than stamen, glabrous. Hip red- Chongqing, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
brown, subglobose or obovoid, ca. 8 mm in diam., sparsely 1a. Flower solitary; styles glabrous or
glandular. Hip unknown. subglabrous; leaflets small, not
● About 2100 m. W Sichuan (Dêrong Xian). exceeding 8 mm ................................ 85d. var. microphylla
1b. Flowers numerous in corymb or in
One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.
corymbose panicle, rarely solitary;
84. Rosa shangchengensis T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin styles pubescent; leaflets more than 1 cm.
10(1): 8. 1990. 2a. Leaflets ca. 3.5 cm; flowers in
corymbose panicle; pedicel
商城蔷薇 shang cheng qiang wei
glabrous, not glandular ........... 85c. var. sungpanensis
Shrubs. Branchlets red-brown, terete, often curved, gla- 2b. Leaflets 1–3 cm; flowers in corymb,
brous; prickles subulate, straight. Leaves including petiole 4– rarely solitary; pedicel glabrous or
5.5 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts lanceolate, pubescent, sometimes glandular.
margin entire, sometimes glandular serrate, apex acuminate; ra- 3a. Rachis and abaxial leaflet glabrous
chis and petiole glabrous, with sparse, short, curved prickles; or subglabrous; pedicel glabrous,
leaflets usually 7, obovate or oblong, 1–2 × 0.5–1.5 cm, both occasionally glandular ......... 85a. var. soulieana
surfaces glabrous, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, margin ser- 3b. Rachis and abaxial leaflet
rate, apex acute or truncate. Flowers 2 or 3 and fasciculate, ca. pubescent; pedicel pubescent
2.8 cm in diam.; pedicel 2–2.5 cm, densely stipitate glandular, and glandular ................... 85b. var. yunnanensis
bracts caducous. Hypanthium obovoid-oblong, abaxially dense-
85a. Rosa soulieana var. soulieana
ly stipitate glandular. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.3 cm,
abaxially densely stipitate glandular, adaxially densely yellow- 川滇蔷薇(原变种) chuan dian qiang wei (yuan bian zhong)
white pubescent, margin entire, apex acuminate or caudate-acu- Rachis and leaflet abaxially glabrous or subglabrous, occa-
minate. Petals 5, white, long obovate, base cuneate, apex round- sionally glandular. Flowers numerous, in corymbs, rarely soli-
ed. Styles connate in column, exserted, nearly equaling or tary.
slightly shorter than stamens, pubescent. Hip unknown.
● Scrub, slopes, stream sides; 2500–3000 m. S Anhui (Jiuhua
● SE Henan (Shangcheng Xian). Shan), Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.
85b. Rosa soulieana var. yunnanensis C. K. Schneider, Bot.
85. Rosa soulieana Crépin, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 35: Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 64: 77. 1917.
21. 1896.
毛叶川滇蔷薇 mao ye chuan dian qiang wei
川滇蔷薇 chuan dian qiang wei
Rachis and leaflet abaxially pubescent. Flowers numerous,
Shrubs erect, 2–4 m tall. Branchlets spreading, usually in corymbs, rarely solitary; pedicel pubescent and glandular.
green, terete, often curved, glabrous, often glaucous; prickles ● Chongqing (Nanchuan Xian), C Sichuan (Kangding Xian), NW
scattered, straight or slightly curved, flat, gradually tapering to Yunnan (Lijiang Xian, Zhongdian Xian).
turgid base. Leaves including petiole 3–8 cm; stipules mostly
adnate to petiole, free parts very short, triangular, sometimes 85c. Rosa soulieana var. sungpanensis Rehder, J. Arnold Ar-
glandular, margin entire, apex acute; rachis and petiole sparsely bor. 11: 161. 1930.
shortly prickly, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaflets (5–)7(– 大叶川滇蔷薇 da ye chuan dian qiang wei
9), elliptic or obovate, 1–3 × 0.7–2 cm, abaxially glabrous or
puberulous with prominent midvein, adaxially glabrous, with Leaflets large, ca. 3.5 cm. Flowers in corymbose panicle;
concave midvein, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin pedicel glabrous, not glandular.
appressed-serrate, near base often entire, apex rounded-obtuse, ● N Sichuan (Songpan Xian).
acute, or truncate. Flowers numerous, 3–5 cm in diam., in
corymb 3–4 cm in diam., or solitary and terminal; pedicel less 85d. Rosa soulieana var. microphylla T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku,
than 1 cm, glabrous, sometimes shortly glandular pubescent; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 502. 1980.
bracteoles less than 1 cm. Hypanthium subglobose or ovoid, 小叶川滇蔷薇 xiao ye chuan dian qiang wei
 ROSACEAE

Leaflets small, not exceeding 8 mm. Flower solitary. Styles prickly, glandular pubescent; leaflets 3–5, obovate or elliptic,
glabrous, or subglabrous. 8–15 × 5–8 mm, glabrous, abaxially glandular, base subround-
● Scrub on slopes, farmland; 3200–3700 m. Xizang, Yunnan.
ed or broadly cuneate, margin doubly serrate, apex rounded-ob-
tuse or truncate. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 and fasciculate, ca. 1
86. Rosa henryi Boulenger, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, sér. B, cm in diam.; pedicel 5–10 mm, glandular pubescent; bracts un-
53: 143. 1933. known. Hypanthium subglobose, abaxially sparsely pubescent
软条七蔷薇 ruan tiao qi qiang wei and glandular pubescent. Sepals 5, deciduous, ovate-lanceolate,
abaxially sparsely pubescent and glandular pubescent, adaxially
?Rosa gentiliana H. Léveillé & Vaniot var. australis Reh- densely puberulous, margin entire, apex shortly caudate. Pet-
der & E. H. Wilson; ?R. henryi var. australis (Rehder & E. H. als 5, yellowish or white, obovate, base broadly cuneate, apex
Wilson) F. P. Metcalf; ?R. henryi var. glandulosa Ze M. Wu & rounded-obtuse. Styles connate into column, exserted, slightly
Z. L. Cheng; R. moschata Herrmann var. densa Vilmorin; R. longer than stamens, sparsely pubescent or subglabrous. Hip
paucispinosa H. L. Li. purple-red, subglobose, ca. 5 mm in diam., sparsely glandular;
Shrubs climbing, 3–8 m, with long repent branches. sepals very late deciduous. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
Branchlets purple-brown, terete, glabrous; prickles scattered, ● Farmland, roadsides; 2400–2600 m. Xizang.
curved, to 3 mm, flat, gradually tapering to a broad base, or
prickles absent. Leaves including petiole 9–14 cm; stipules One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.
mostly adnate to petiole, free parts lanceolate, glabrous or 88. Rosa weisiensis T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res., Har-
sparsely glandular pubescent, margin entire, apex acuminate; bin 1(4): 16. 1981.
rachis and petiole glabrous, sparsely shortly prickly; leaflets
mostly 5, leaves near corymb often with 3 leaflets, oblong, 维西蔷薇 wei xi qiang wei
ovate, elliptic, or elliptic-ovate, 3.5–9 × 1.5–5 cm, papery, both
Shrub climbing, small. Branchlets purple-brown, terete,
surfaces glabrous, abaxially with prominent midvein, base sub-
glabrous, those of present year glandular pubescent and sparse-
rounded or broadly cuneate, margin acutely simply serrate,
ly pubescent; prickles scattered, short, flat. Leaves including
apex long acuminate or caudate. Flowers 5–15, 3–4 cm in
petiole 4–4.5 cm; stipules membranous, mostly adnate to peti-
diam., in umbel-like corymb 3–4 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–2
cm, glabrous, but shortly glandular pubescent; bracts caducous, ole, free parts lanceolate, abaxially and margin glandular, apex
lanceolate. Hypanthium globose, glabrous, but shortly glandular acuminate; rachis and petiole sparsely glandular pubescent and
pubescent. Sepals 5, deciduous, lanceolate, abaxially subgla- pubescent; leaflets 3–5, pale green abaxially, deep green adax-
brous, sparsely glandular punctate, adaxially villous, margin ially, ovate or elliptic, rarely oblong, 1.2–2.5 × 0.4–1.4 cm,
few lobed, apex acuminate. Petals 5, white, fragrant, broadly abaxially glandular pubescent and sparsely pubescent, adax-
obovate, abaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, apex emar- ially glabrous, base subrounded, margin doubly serrate, teeth
ginate. Styles connate into column, exserted, slightly longer often glandular apically when young, apex acute or shortly
than stamens, pubescent. Hip brown-red, subglobose, 8–10 mm acuminate. Flowers 5–10 in corymb, ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; pedi-
in diam., shiny. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Jul–Sep. cel 8–12 mm, densely glandular pubescent, sparsely pubescent;
bracts caducous, unknown. Hypanthium oblong or ovate-ob-
● Forest margins, thickets, scrub, valleys, farmland; 1700–2000
long, abaxially glandular pubescent and sparsely pubescent. Se-
m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hu-
pals 5, lanceolate, abaxially glandular pubescent and sparsely
nan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
pubescent, adaxially densely pubescent, margin entire, apex
87. Rosa duplicata T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Acta Phytotax. Sin. long acuminate. Petals 5, fragrant, white, broadly obovate, base
18: 501. 1980. cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles connate into column, nearly
重齿蔷薇 chong chi qiang wei equaling stamens, exserted, densely pubescent. Hip unknown.
Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct.
Shrubs small, 1.5–2 m tall. Branchlets purple-brown when
young, later gray-brown, terete, curved, slender, glabrous; ● Scrub; 1800–2300 m. NW Yunnan (Weixi Xian).
prickles sparse, yellowish. Leaves including petiole 2–2.5 cm; One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.
free parts lanceolate, glabrous or sparsely glandular pubescent,
margin entire, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole shortly

5. Rosa sect. Banksianae Lindley, Ros. Monogr. 39. 1820.

木香组 mu xiang zu
Shrubs evergreen, climbing, prickly or not. Leaflets 3–7; stipules caducous, free, subulate. Flowers numerous in umbels or in
compound corymbs. Sepals deciduous, reflexed, margin entire or lobed. Styles free, slightly exserted.
Two species: China, Laos, Vietnam; two species (one endemic) in China.

89. Rosa banksiae W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 3: 258. 1811. Rosa banksiae var. alboplena Rehder.

木香花 mu xiang hua Shrubs evergreen, climbing, to 6 m tall. Old branches with
large, rigid prickles; branchlets red-brown, terete, glabrous;
 ROSACEAE

prickles scattered, curved, short, to 5 mm, flat, gradually taper- Shrubs evergreen, climbing or scandent, 2–5 m. Branch-
ing to a broad base; branches of cultivated plants sometimes not lets terete, glabrous or pubescent; prickles scattered, hooked, to
prickly. Leaves including petiole 4–6 cm; stipules caducous, 6 mm, flat, gradually tapering to a broad base. Leaves including
free, linear-lanceolate, membranous, margin entire, apex acumi- petiole 5–10 cm; stipules caducous, free, linear, membranous,
nate; rachis and petiole sparsely pubescent, usually lacking margin entire, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole glabrous or
small prickles; leaflets 3–5, rarely 7, elliptic-ovate or oblong- pubescent, often sparsely prickly, rarely glandular pubescent;
lanceolate, 2–5 × 0.8–1.8 cm, leathery, abaxially pubescent leaflets 3–5, rarely 7, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, 2.5–6 × 0.8–
along veins, with prominent midvein, adaxially glabrous, shiny, 2.5 cm, leathery, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially puberulous
base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin depressed-serru-
along midvein or both surfaces densely puberulous, midvein
late, apex acute or slightly acute. Flowers 4–15, in simple um-
prominent, adaxially shiny, base subrounded, margin acutely
bels or corymbs, 1.5–2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 2–3 cm, gla-
serrulate, apex acuminate. Flowers numerous, 2–2.5 cm in
brous; bracts caducous, linear, small. Hypanthium globose or
diam., in compound corymbs; pedicel ca. 1.5 cm, pubescent
ovoid, glabrous. Sepals 5, deciduous, ovate, abaxially glabrous,
adaxially white pubescent, margin entire, apex long acuminate. when young, glabrescent; bracts lanceolate, margin sparsely
Petals 5, semidouble, or double, fragrant or not, white or yel- glandular pubescent, apex acuminate. Hypanthium globose or
low, obovate, base cuneate, apex rounded. Carpels numerous; ovoid, glabrous. Sepals 5, deciduous, ovate, abaxially subgla-
styles free, much shorter than stamens, densely pubescent. Hip brous, rarely setose, adaxially sparsely white tomentose, margin
orange or black-brown, globose or ovoid, 5–7 mm in diam., often pinnately lobed, apex acuminate. Petals 5, fragrant, white
glabrous, with deciduous sepals. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n or yellow, obovate, base cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free,
= 14*, 28*. slightly exserted, nearly equaling stamens, densely white pu-
bescent. Hip red, black, purple, or black-brown, globose, 4–7
● Thickets, scrub, valleys, stream sides, roadsides; 500–2200 m.
mm in diam. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Nov.
Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan; also widely
cultivated in China. Hills, open slopes, stream sides, roadsides; 200–1800 m. Anhui,
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, E Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiang-
1a. Flowers double or semidouble, not
xi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Laos, Vietnam].
fragrant ................................................... 89a. var. banksiae
1b. Flowers single, fragrant or not .............. 89b. var. normalis 1a. Branchlets, petioles, and both surfaces of
leaflets glabrous or leaflets abaxially
89a. Rosa banksiae var. banksiae
sparsely pubescent ................................... 90a. var. cymosa
木香花(原变种) mu xiang hua (yuan bian zhong) 1b. Branchlets, petioles, and both surfaces of
leaflets densely puberulous ................... 90b. var. puberula
Flowers double or semidouble, not fragrant.
● Thickets, scrub, stream sides, roadsides; 500–2200 m. Sichuan,
90a. Rosa cymosa var. cymosa
Yunnan; also widely cultivated in China. 小果蔷薇(原变种) xiao guo qiang wei (yuan bian zhong)
Rosa banksiae var. banksiae f. lutea (Lindley) Rehder (Bibliogr.
316. 1949; R. banksiae var. lutea Lindley, Bot. Reg. 13: 1105. 1827) has
Branchlets, petioles, and both surfaces of leaflets glabrous
yellow flowers. or leaflets abaxially sparsely pubescent.

89b. Rosa banksiae var. normalis Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peter- Hills, open slopes, stream sides, roadsides; 200–1800 m. Anhui,
burgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 376. 1878. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Si-
chuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Laos, Vietnam].
单瓣木香花 dan ban mu xiang hua
90b. Rosa cymosa var. puberula T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Bull.
Flowers single, fragrant or not. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(4): 17. 1981.
● Valleys; 500–1500 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan,
Yunnan. 毛叶山木香 mao ye shan mu xiang

Rosa banksiae var. normalis f. lutescens Voss (Blumengart. 1: 49. Branchlets, petioles, and both surfaces of leaflets densely
1896) has yellow, non-fragrant flowers. puberulous.
90. Rosa cymosa Trattinnick, Ros. Monogr. 1: 87. 1823. ● S Anhui (Huang Shan), E Hubei (Wuchang Xian), W Jiangsu
(Jiangpu Xian), S Shaanxi (Lantian Xian).
小果蔷薇 xiao guo qiang wei
Rosa amoyensis Hance; R. banksiae W. T. Aiton var.
microcarpa Regel; R. bodinieri H. Léveillé & Vaniot; R.
cavaleriei H. Léveillé; R. chaffonjonii H. Léveillé & Vaniot; R.
esquirolii H. Léveillé & Vaniot; R. fukienensis Metcalf; R.
indica Linnaeus, p.p.; R. microcarpa Lindley; R. sorbiflora
Focke.

6. Rosa sect. Laevigatae Thory, Prodr. Monogr. Rosier, 37. 1820.

 ROSACEAE

金樱子组 jin ying zi zu

Shrubs evergreen, climbing, with scattered, curved prickles. Leaflets 3; stipules free or with base adnate to petiole, caducous,
serrate. Flower solitary, large; pedicel and hypanthium densely glandular bristly; bracts absent. Sepals persistent, erect, margin entire.
Styles free, not exserted.
One species: China, Vietnam, cultivated elsewhere.
91. Rosa laevigata Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 295. 1803. Hypanthium ovoid, densely glandular bristly. Sepals 5, per-
sistent, slightly shorter than petals, ovate-lanceolate, leaflike,
金樱子 jin ying zi
abaxially glabrous, adaxially densely pubescent, margin entire,
Rosa amygdalifolia Seringe; R. argyi H. Léveillé; R. cucu- often glandular bristly. Petals 5, semidouble, or double, white,
merina Trattinnick; R. laevigata var. kaiscianensis Pampanini; broadly obovate, base broadly cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles
R. laevigata var. leiocarpa Y. Q. Wang & P. Y. Chen; R. nivea free, much shorter than stamens, pubescent. Hip purple-brown,
Candolle; R. ternata Poiret; R. triphylla Roxburgh. pyriform or obovoid, rarely subglobose, 0.8–1.5 cm in diam.,
Shrubs evergreen, climbing, to 5 m. Branchlets purple- densely glandular bristly, with persistent, erect sepals. Fl. Apr–
brown, terete, robust; prickles scattered, curved, to 4 mm, flat, Jun, fr. Jul–Nov.
gradually tapering to a broad base; bristles glandular, dense on Thickets, scrub, open montane areas, open fields, farmland; 200–
young stems, to 4 mm. Leaves including petiole 5–10 cm; 1600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei,
stipules caducous, free or with base adnate to petiole, lanceo- Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhe-
late, glandular serrate, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole short- jiang [Vietnam; cultivated elsewhere].
ly prickly and glandular bristly; leaflets 3, rarely 4, elliptic- Two forms may be recognized: f. laevigata, which has flowers
ovate, obovate, or lanceolate-ovate, 2–6 × 1.2–3.5 cm, leathery, single, 5–7 cm in diam., and f. semiplena T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku (Bull.
sometimes abaxially minutely prickly and glandular bristly Bot. Res., Harbin 1(4): 17. 1981), which has flowers semidouble, 5–10
along midvein when young, glabrescent, adaxially glabrous, cm in diam.
base broadly cuneate, margin acutely serrate, apex acute or The root bark contains tannin, and is used for tanning. Sugar is
rounded-obtuse. Flower solitary, axillary, 5–10 cm in diam.; extracted from the fruit, which is also used to ferment wine. The roots,
pedicel 1.8–2.5(–3) cm, densely glandular bristly; bracts absent. leaves, and fruit are all used medicinally.

7. Rosa sect. Bracteatae Thory, Prodr. Monogr. Rosier, 124. 1820.

硕苞组 shuo bao zu
Shrubs evergreen, climbing, with curved prickles in pairs below leaves. Leaflets 5–9; stipules with base adnate to petiole, pecti-
nate. Flower solitary, with large bracts. Hypanthium tomentose. Sepals reflexed after anthesis, margin entire. Styles free, slightly ex-
serted.
Two species: E and S Asia; one species in China.

92. Rosa bracteata J. C. Wendland, Bot. Beob. 50. 1798. lar pubescent. Sepals 5, broadly ovate, abaxially densely tawny
pubescent, adaxially sparsely pubescent, apex caudate-acumi-
硕苞蔷薇 shuo bao qiang wei
nate. Petals 5, white or yellowish white, obovate, base broadly
Rosa macartnea Dumont de Courset; R. sinica Linnaeus cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, slightly exserted, slightly
var. braamiana Regel. shorter than stamens, densely pubescent. Hip globose, 1.3–2.7
Shrubs evergreen, diffuse, 0.5–3 m tall, with long repent cm in diam., densely tawny pubescent, with persistent, reflex-
branches. Branchlets purple-brown, terete, robust, tomentose; ed sepals. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Nov.
prickles often in pairs below stipules, straight to slightly curved, Mixed forests, scrub, sandy hills, stream sides, seashores, road-
to 9 mm, flat, smaller prickles and glandular bristles often sides; sea level to 300 m. Fujian, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Tai-
present and dense to scattered. Leaves including petiole 4–9 wan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [S Japan].
cm; stipules mostly free, or with base adnate to petiole, densely
1a. Branchlets densely tawny pubescent,
pubescent, margin pectinate, densely glandular pubescent; ra-
intermixed with scattered bristles and
chis and petiole sparsely pubescent, glandular pubescent and
glandular bristles .................................. 92a. var. bracteata
shortly prickly; leaflets 5–9, elliptic or obovate, 1–2.5 × 0.5–1.5
1b. Branchlets densely bristly and
cm, leathery, abaxially glabrous or pubescent along veins, adax-
glandular bristly .............................. 92b. var. scabriacaulis
ially glabrous, shiny, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, mar-
gin crenate, apex truncate, rounded-obtuse, or slightly acute. 92a. Rosa bracteata var. bracteata
Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 and fasciculate, 4.5–9 cm in diam.;
pedicel less than 1 cm, densely villous, sparsely glandular 硕苞蔷薇(原变种) shuo bao qiang wei (yuan bian zhong)
pubescent; bracts several, large, broadly ovate, abaxially Branchlets densely tawny pubescent, intermixed with
densely tomentose, adaxially subglabrous, margin irregularly bristles and glandular bristles.
incised serrate, laciniate, or pectinate. Hypanthium depress-
ed-globose, abaxially densely tawny pubescent and glandu- Scrub, sandy hills, stream sides, seashores, roadsides; sea level to
300 m. Fujian, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan,
 ROSACEAE

Zhejiang [S Japan]. 密刺硕苞蔷薇 mi ci shuo bao qiang wei

In warm regions this variety is easily propagated and is often Branchlets densely bristly and glandular bristly.
cultivated as a hedge; it also has ornamental use owing to its abundant,
beautiful flowers. ● Mixed forests, stream sides, seashores. Fujian, Taiwan, Zhe-
jiang.
92b. Rosa bracteata var. scabriacaulis Lindley ex Koidzumi,
J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 24(2): 227. 1913. One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this variety.
8. Rosa sect. Microphyllae Crépin, J. Hort. Soc. London 11: 227. 1889.
小叶组 xiao ye zu
Shrubs diffuse, with paired prickles below leaves. Leaflets 5–9; stipules adnate to petiole, narrow, with subulate auricles. Flow-
ers 1 or 2 or in compound corymbs, with small deciduous bracts, or bracts absent. Hypanthium cupular, densely prickly. Sepals per-
sistent, erect, pinnately lobed or entire. Carpels on projected torus at base of hypanthium; styles free, not exserted.
Three species: E Asia; three species (two endemic) in China.

93. Rosa roxburghii Trattinnick, Ros. Monogr. 2: 233. 1823. short, flat. Leaves including petiole 5–10 cm; stipules with 1/3
part adnate to petiole, free parts lanceolate, margin glandular
刺梨 ci li
Juzepczukia roxburghii (Trattinnick) Chrshanovski; Rosa
microphylla Desfontaines var. glabra Regel.
Shrubs diffuse, 1–2.5 m tall. Bark gray-brown; branchlets
ascending-spreading, purple-brown, terete; prickles paired at
nodes, mostly straight, to 5 mm, somewhat flat, abruptly nar-
rowing to broad base. Leaves including petiole 5–11 cm; stip-
ules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts subulate, margin glan-
dular pubescent; rachis and petioles with scattered small
prickles; leaflets 9–15, elliptic or oblong, rarely obovate, 1–2 ×
0.6–1.2 cm, glabrous, abaxially with prominent veins, conspic-
uously reticulate, base broadly cuneate, margin acutely simply
serrulate, apex acute or rounded-obtuse. Flowers solitary, or 2
or 3 and fasciculate apically on branches, 4–6 cm in diam.;
pedicel short; bracts 2 or 3, small, margin glandular pubescent.
Hypanthium depressed-globose, densely bristly. Sepals 5, usu-
ally broadly ovate, abaxially densely prickly, adaxially tomen-
tose, pinnately lobed, apex acuminate. Petals 5, semidouble,
or double, slightly fragrant, pink to rose-purple or reddish,
obovate. Carpels on projected torus at base of hypanthium;
styles free, not exserted, shorter than stamens, pubescent. Hip
green-red, depressed-globose, 1.5–2 cm in diam., densely prick-
ly, with persistent, erect sepals. Fl. Mar–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct.
Mountain forests, thickets, slopes, stream sides, also cultivated;
500–1400 m, Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hu-
nan, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
Two forms may be recognized: f. roxburghii, which has double or
semidouble, reddish or pink flowers 5–6 cm in diam., and f. normalis
Rehder & E. H. Wilson (in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 318. 1915; Rosa for-
restii Focke), which has simple, pink flowers 4–6 cm in diam. The spe-
cific epithet was spelled “roxbourgii” in the protologue.
The edible fruit are very rich in vitamins and have a sweet, sour
taste; they are used medicinally and to ferment wine. The roots are also
used medicinally. The species is also cultivated for ornament, for its
showy flowers, or as a hedge because of its abundant prickles.
94. Rosa kweichowensis T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Bull. Bot. Res.,
Harbin 1(4): 17. 1981.
贵州刺梨 gui zhou ci li
Shrubs evergreen or semi-evergreen, climbing, small.
Branchlets purple-brown, terete, curved, glabrous; prickles
 ROSACEAE

serrate, apex acuminate, and petiole with scattered, small prick- including petiole 5–13(–20) cm; stipules mostly adnate to peti-
les, leaflets 7–9, elliptic, obovate, or ovate, 1.5–3.5 × 0.8–2 cm, ole, free parts triangular or lanceolate, both surfaces pubescent,
glabrous, abaxially with prominent midvein and lateral veins, margin glandular pubescent, apex acuminate; rachis and peti-
base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin acutely simply oles tomentose, sparsely shortly prickly; leaflets 7–13, obovate
serrate, apex acuminate or acute. Flowers 7–17 in compound or elliptic, 1–3.5(–6) × 0.7–1.2(–2.3) cm, both surfaces densely
corymb, 2.5–3 cm in diam.; peduncle and pedicels pubescent, puberulous, abaxially villous along veins, base rounded or
pedicel 7–10 mm; bracts unknown. Hypanthium depressed- broadly cuneate, margin simply serrate in upper 1/2, or in-
globose, abaxially subglabrous, densely prickly. Sepals 5, usu- conspicuously doubly serrate, apex rounded-obtuse or acute.
ally broadly ovate, abaxially densely prickly, adaxially tomen- Flower solitary, (5–)8–9 cm in diam.; pedicel 3–6 cm, tomen-
tose, margin irregularly pinnately lobed, apex acuminate. Petals tose, sometimes sparsely glandular pubescent; bracts at base,
5, white, slightly longer than sepals, obovate, base cuneate, leaflike. Hypanthium depressed-globose, pubescent, glandular
apex erose. Carpels on projected torus at base of hypanthium; bristly. Sepals 5, slightly shorter than petals, ovate-lanceolate,
styles free, slightly exserted, pubescent. Hip unknown. Fl. leaflike, both surfaces tomentose-villous, sometimes abaxially
May–Jul. glandular bristly at base, margin entire. Petals 5, red, broadly
● Shady places. C Guizhou (Qingzhen Xian). obovate, base broadly cuneate, apex rounded or emarginate.
Carpels on projected torus at base of hypanthium; styles free,
One of us (Robertson) has seen no specimens of this species.
not exserted, shorter than stamens, densely villous. Hip green-
95. Rosa praelucens Byhouwer, J. Arnold Arbor. 10: 97. 1929. brown, depressed-globose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., sparsely glan-
dular prickly, with persistent, erect sepals. Fl. Jun–Jul.
中甸刺玫 zhong dian ci mei
● Woods on open slopes; 2700–3000 m. NW Yunnan (Zhongdian
Shrubs 2–3 m tall. Branchlets purple-brown, terete, robust; Xian).
prickles few, scattered, straight or curved at tip, to 1.5 cm,
robust, flat, gradually tapering to base to 2 cm across. Leaves

42. POTANINIA Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 27: 465. 1882.
绵刺属 mian ci shu

Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba

Shrublets with thick, subterranean stock. Stems much branched; branchlets spinelike. Stipules adnate to petiole, ovate, hyaline;
petiole hard, persistent, spinelike; leaf blade (1 or)3- or palmately 5-foliolate; leaflets minute. Flowers solitary, axillary, bracteate, bi-
sexual, minute. Hypanthium funnelform. Sepals 3, deltoid, persistent. Petals 3, ovate, scarcely larger than sepals, deciduous. Stamens
3, opposite petals; filaments shorter than petals, inserted at glabrous margin of swollen disk; anthers dorsifixed, not exserted, introrse,
ovoid. Carpel 1, central, ovoid; ovule inserted laterally next to style, ascending; style basal, persistent; stigma capitate. Achene
cylindric. Seed cylindric, thickened proximally.
One species: China, Mongolia.

1. Potaninia mongolica Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Hypanthium densely sericeous adaxially. Sepals ca. 1.5 mm,
Saint-Pétersbourg 27: 466. 1882. apex acute. Petals white or tinged pink, ca. 1.5 mm. Filaments
adaxially densely sericeous. Carpel densely sericeous. Achene
绵刺 mian ci
tinged yellow, ca. 2 mm, hairy, enclosed by persistent sepals.
Shrublets 30–40 cm tall, long sericeous throughout. Stems Fl. Jun–Sep, fr. Aug–Oct.
gray-brown. Stipules 1.5–2 mm; petiole 1–1.5 mm; leaflets ca. Gravelly deserts. Nei Mongol [Mongolia].
2 × 0.5 mm, base narrowed, margin entire, apex acute. Flowers
ca. 3 mm in diam.; pedicel 3–5 mm; bracts ovate, ca. 1 mm. This species is used for forage.

43. AGRIMONIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 448. 1753.

龙芽草属 long ya cao shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba
Herbs perennial, tall, with creeping rhizome. Leaves stipulate, imparipinnate. Flowers usually in terminal, spikelike racemes, bi-
sexual, rather small. Hypanthium turbinate, sulcate, with hooked prickles or 5 teeth below limb abaxially, constricted at throat. Se-
pals 5, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5, larger than sepals. Disk lining hypanthium, margin thickened, annular, glandular. Stamens 5–15
or more, inserted at mouth of hypanthium, 1-seriate. Carpels usually 2, included in hypanthium, sessile; ovule pendulous; style termi-
nal, exserted, filiform; stigma dilated. Achenes 1 or 2, included in closed hypanthium, distally with hooked prickles. Seed pendulous;
testa membranous. x = 7.
About ten species: N temperate zone, alpine regions of tropics; four species in China.
 ROSACEAE

1a. Flowers 12–13 mm in diam.; fruiting hypanthium 8–10 × ca. 5 mm including prickles, outer prickles recurved,
innermost ones spreading ............................................................................................................................................. 4. A. eupatoria
1b. Flowers 4–10 mm in diam.; fruiting hypanthium 5–8 × 2–4 mm including prickles, prickles spreading, erect, or
connivent.
2a. Stipules flabellate or broadly ovate, margin obtusely dentate; stamens 17–24 ....................................................... 3. A. coreana
2b. Stipules falcate or semiorbicular, margin acutely serrate; stamens 5–15.
3a. Flowers 6–9 mm in diam.; fruiting hypanthium 7–8 × 3–4 mm including prickles, prickles erect when
young, connivent when old; leaflets obovate to obovate-lanceolate, abaxially appressed pubescent on
veins ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1. A. pilosa
3b. Flowers 4–5 mm in diam.; fruiting hypanthium 4–5 × 2–2.5 mm including prickles, prickles spreading;
leaflets rhombic-elliptic or elliptic, usually widest at middle, abaxially sparsely spreading hirsute on
veins ................................................................................................................................................................. 2. A. nipponica
1. Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour, Index Seminum Hort. Dorpat., 龙芽草(原变种) long ya cao (yuan bian zhong)
Suppl. 1. 1823.
Agrimonia eupatoria Linnaeus var. japonica (Miquel)
龙芽草 long ya cao Masamune; A. japonica (Miquel) Koidzumi; A. obtusifolia A. I.
Baranov & Skvortsov; A. pilosa subsp. japonica (Miquel) H.
Herbs 30–120 cm tall. Rhizome short, usually tuberous,
Hara; A. pilosa var. japonica (Miquel) Nakai; A. pilosa var.
with many lateral roots and 1 to several underground buds.
viscidula (Bunge) Komarov; A. viscidula Bunge; A. viscidula
Stems sparsely pilose and pubescent, or densely rigidly hairy
var. japonica Miquel.
(rarely sparsely hirsute) in lower part. Stipules green, falcate,
rarely ovate or ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, margin sharply Stems sparsely pilose and pubescent, rarely sparsely hir-
serrate or lobed, rarely entire, apex acute or acuminate; petiole sute in lower part. Leaflets abaxially usually appressed pilose
sparsely pilose or pubescent; leaf blade interrupted imparipin- on veins, rarely glabrescent, markedly glandular punctate, adax-
nate with (2 or)3 or 4 pairs of leaflets, reduced to 3 leaflets on ially pilose, rarely glabrescent. Fl. and fr. May–Dec. 2n = 56.
upper leaves; leaflets sessile or shortly petiolulate, obovate,
obovate-elliptic, or obovate-lanceolate, 1.5–5 × 1–2.5 cm, abax- Thinned forests, forest margins, thickets, meadows, stream banks,
roadsides; 100–3800 m. Throughout China [Japan, Korea, Mongolia,
ially appressed pilose on veins, or densely pubescent or tomen-
Russia, N Vietnam; E Europe].
tose-pubescent between veins, rarely glabrescent, markedly or
sparsely glandular punctate, adaxially pilose, or hirsute or hir- 1b. Agrimonia pilosa var. nepalensis (D. Don) Nakai, Bot.
tellous on veins, rarely glabrescent, base cuneate to broadly Mag. (Tokyo) 47: 247. 1933.
so, margin acutely to obtusely serrate, apex rounded to acute,
rarely acuminate. Inflorescence terminal, spicate-racemose, 黄龙尾 huang long wei
branched or not; rachis pilose. Flowers 6–9 mm in diam.; pedi- Agrimonia nepalensis D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 229.
cel 1–5 mm, pilose; bract usually 3-parted with segments linear; 1825; A. eupatoria Linnaeus var. nepalensis (D. Don) O.
bracteoles in 1 pair, ovate, margin entire or lobed. Sepals 5, Kuntze.
triangular-ovate. Petals yellow, oblong. Stamens (5–)8–15.
Style filiform; stigma capitate. Fruiting hypanthium obovoid- Stems densely rigidly hairy in lower part. Leaflets abax-
conic, 7–8 × 3–4 mm including prickles, abaxially 10-ribbed, ially densely pubescent or tomentose-pubescent between veins,
pilose, with a multiseriate crown of prickles; prickles erect sparsely glandular punctate, adaxially hirsute or hirtellous on
when young, connivent at maturity. Fl. and fr. May–Dec. veins.

Thinned forests, forest margins, thickets, meadows, stream banks, Thinned forests, meadows on mountain slopes, stream banks;
roadsides; 100–3800 m. Throughout China [Bhutan, N India, Japan, N 100–3500 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei,
Laos, Korea, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Sikkim, N Thailand, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi,
N Vietnam; E Europe]. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, N India, N Laos, Myan-
mar, Nepal, Sikkim, N Thailand, N Vietnam].
1a. Stems sparsely pilose and pubescent, rarely This species is used medicinally.
sparsely hirsute in lower part; leaflets
abaxially usually appressed pilose on veins, 2. Agrimonia nipponica Koidzumi var. occidentalis Skalický
rarely glabrescent, markedly glandular ex J. E. Vidal in Aubréville, Fl. Cambodge Laos Vietnam 6:
punctate, adaxially pilose, rarely glabrescent 133. 1968.
....................................................................... 1a. var. pilosa
小花龙芽草 xiao hua long ya cao
1b. Stems densely rigidly hairy in lower part;
leaflets abaxially densely pubescent or Herbs 30–90 cm tall. Rhizome long, with many slender
tomentose-pubescent between veins, lateral roots and usually 1 to several underground buds. Stems
sparsely glandular punctate, adaxially densely yellow hirsute in lower part, densely pubescent in
hirsute or hirtellous on veins ................. 1b. var. nepalensis upper part. Stipules falcate or semiorbicular, rarely oblong,
margin acutely serrate, on stipules of lower part of stem usually
1a. Agrimonia pilosa var. pilosa
entire; petiole sparsely pilose and pubescent; leaf blade inter-
 ROSACEAE

rupted imparipinnate, on lower leaves usually with 3 pairs of cent; leaf blade interrupted imparipinnate with 3–5 pairs of
leaflets, rarely 2 pairs with basal pair very small, on middle leaflets, on uppermost leaves with 1 or 2 pairs; leaflets sessile
leaves with 2 pairs, on uppermost leaves with 1 or 2 pairs; or occasionally shortly petiolulate, elliptic, oblong, or obovate-
leaflets sessile or shortly petiolulate, elliptic or rhombic-elliptic, elliptic, 2–7 × 1.5–4 cm, abaxially pubescent and pilose, adax-
1.5–4 × 1–2 cm, widest at or near middle, abaxially sparsely ially appressed pilose, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin
spreading hirsute on veins, sparsely glandular punctate or in- coarsely crenate, apex obtuse or acute. Inflorescence usually
conspicuously so, adaxially appressed pilose, base broadly cu- simple; rachis thick, pubescent and villous. Flowers 12–13 mm
neate, margin crenate, apex usually obtuse or acute. Inflores- in diam.; pedicel ca. 1 mm; bract 3- or 4-parted with segments
cence usually branched, with slender branches. Flowers 4–5 fasciated; bracteoles in 1 pair, ovate, margin 3-serrate. Sepals 5,
mm in diam.; pedicel 1–3 mm; bract small, 3-parted; bracteoles triangular-ovate. Petals yellow, obovate-elliptic. Stamens 11–
in 1 pair, ovate, margin entire or shallowly lobed, apex shortly
acuminate. Stamens 5(–10). Carpels 2, usually 1 well devel-
oped; stigma capitate. Fruiting hypanthium campanulate, 4–5 ×
2–2.5 mm including prickles, abaxially 10-ribbed, sparsely pi-
lose, with a multiseriate crown of prickles; prickles spreading.
Fl. and fr. Aug–Nov.
Thinned forests, forest margins, thickets, grassy mountain slopes,
stream banks; 200–1500 m. Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, SE Guizhou
Jiangxi, Zhejiang [Laos, Vietnam].
Agrimonia nipponica var. nipponica occurs in Japan and Korea.

3. Agrimonia coreana Nakai, Rep. Veg. Diamond Mount. 71.

1918.
托叶龙芽草 tuo ye long ya cao
Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour var. coreana (Nakai) Liou &
Cheng; A. velutina Juzepczuk.
Herbs 70–100 cm tall. Rhizome horizontal, woody, with
many lateral roots, often with 1 to several underground buds.
Stems pilose and pubescent. Stipules broadly flabellate or
broadly ovate, margin coarsely crenate or lobed; petiole sparse-
ly pilose and pubescent; leaf blade interrupted imparipinnate
with 3 or 4 pairs of leaflets, on upper leaves with 1 or 2 pairs;
leaflets sessile, rhombic-elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 2–6 × 1.5–3
cm, abaxially densely pubescent between veins, spreading pi-
lose on veins, adaxially appressed pilose or glabrescent, base
cuneate or broadly so, margin coarsely crenate, apex obtuse to
acute. Inflorescence rather lax, with 1.5–4 cm intervals between
flowers; rachis slender, pubescent and pilose. Flowers 7–9 mm
in diam.; pedicel 1–3 mm; bract 3-parted with segments fas-
ciated; bracteoles in 1 pair, ovate, margin serrate or entire. Se-
pals triangular-ovate. Petals yellow, obovate-oblong. Stamens
17–24. Stigma capitate. Fruiting hypanthium conic-hemi-
spheric, ca. 5 × 4 mm including prickles, abaxially 10-ribbed,
pilose, with a multiseriate crown of prickles; prickles spreading.
Fl. and fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 28.
Forest margins, thickets on mountain slopes; 500–800 m. Jilin,
Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, E Russia].

4. Agrimonia eupatoria Linnaeus subsp. asiatica (Juzepczuk)

Skalický, Feddes Repert. 79: 35. 1968.
大花龙芽草 da hua long ya cao
Agrimonia asiatica Juzepczuk, Weeds URSS 3: 138.
1934.
Herbs 35–120 cm tall. Rhizome ± short, rather thick.
Stems densely hirsute. Stipules semiorbicular, herbaceous, mar-
gin coarsely acutely serrate or lobed; petiole pilose and pubes-
 ROSACEAE

12. Stigma prominently dilated. Fruiting hypanthium campan- Mountains, river banks; 500–1300 m. Xinjiang [C and SW Asia].
ulate, 8–10 × ca. 5 mm including prickles, abaxially 10-ribbed,
pilose, with a multiseriate crown of prickles; outer prickles re- Agrimonia eupatoria subsp. eupatoria occurs in N and W Africa
flexed, inner ones spreading. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul. (including Macaronesia) and Europe.

44. SPENCERIA Trimen, J. Bot. 17: 97. 1879.

马蹄黄属 ma ti huang shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba
Herbs perennial, white villous throughout. Rhizome woody, densely covered with remains of old petioles. Stems erect, terete,
simple. Radical leaves: stipules ovate, herbaceous, adnate to petiole; petiole sheathing at base; leaf blade imparipinnate; leaflets
opposite, rarely alternate, broadly elliptic or obovate-oblong; cauline leaves few, with few leaflets, or simple and then margin 3-lobed
or 2- or 3-serrate. Inflorescences terminal, laxly racemose; bract entire or 3-lobed; involucre close to petals, cupular, 7- or 8-lobed,
lobes narrowly ovate to lanceolate. Hypanthium obconic. Sepals 5, valvate, broadly linear to lanceolate, persistent; epicalyx seg-
ments 5, semiorbicular or triangular. Petals 5, golden or cream, oblanceolate to obovate. Stamens 30–40, in 2 or 3 series; filaments
dilated and connate at base, persistent. Carpels (1 or)2, at base of hypanthium, apically villous; ovary ovoid-cylindric; ovule 1, pen-
dulous; style subterminal, filiform, long exserted from hypanthium; stigma minute. Fruit composed of flower parts excluding decidu-
ous petals, dry and somewhat hardened. Achene 1, subglobose, with thin coat, enclosed in hypanthium. Seed lacking endosperm;
cotyledons subsquare, large.
One species: Bhutan, China.

1. Spenceria ramalana Trimen, J. Bot. 17: 97. 1879. 1a. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam.; sepals 4–6 ×
1.2–1.8 mm, epicalyx segments 2–3.5 ×
马蹄黄 ma ti huang
1.5–3 mm; petals 6–10 × 4–6 mm ......... 1a. var. ramalana
Herbs 18–32 cm tall. Stems red-brownish, sparsely white 1b. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam.; sepals 3–4 ×
villous or sericeous. Radical leaves 4.5–13 cm including peti- ca. 1 mm, epicalyx segments 1.2–1.8 ×
ole; stipules ca. 1 cm; petiole 1–6 cm; leaf blade with 13–21 1–1.5 mm; petals 4–4.5 × 2.5–3 mm .... 1b. var. parviflora
leaflets; leaflets 1–2.5 × 0.5–1 cm, papery, lateral veins ob- 1a. Spenceria ramalana var. ramalana
scure, base rounded, margin entire, apex 2- or 3-lobed. Inflores-
cences 5–20 cm, 12–15-flowered; bract 8–20 mm; involucre 马蹄黄(原变种) ma ti huang (yuan bian zhong)
abaxially with long, simple hairs and short, glandular hairs, Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam. Sepals 4–6 × 1.2–1.8 mm; epi-
adaxially glabrous, lobes acute at apex, 2 opposite ones longer calyx segments 2–3.5 × 1.5–3 mm. Petals 6–10 × 4–6 mm.
than others, 2–3 × 0.8–1 mm. Flowers 1–2 cm in diam.; pedicel
erect, 1.5–4 cm. Hypanthium ca. 2 mm. Sepals 3–6 × 1–1.8 mm, ● Alpine meadows, limestone mountain slopes; 3000–5000 m. Si-
chuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
apex acute; epicalyx segments 1.2–3.5 × 1–3 mm, abaxially
with long, simple hairs throughout and short, glandular hairs 1b. Spenceria ramalana var. parviflora (Stapf) Kitamura,
near apex, adaxially glabrous, apex obtuse or acute. Petals 4–10 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 15: 172. 1953.
× 2.5–6 mm, tapering into a short claw at base, apex rounded or
小花马蹄黄 xiao hua ma ti huang
subobtuse. Filaments yellow, 3–6 mm. Achene yellow-brown,
3–4 mm in diam. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct. Spenceria parviflora Stapf, Bot. Mag. 149: t. 9007. 1923.
Alpine meadows, limestone mountain slopes; 3000–5000 m. Si- Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Sepals 3–4 × ca. 1 mm; epi-
chuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan]. calyx segments 1.2–1.8 × 1–1.5 mm. Petals 4–4.5 × 2.5–3 mm.
This species (both varieties) is used medicinally. Alpine meadows; 3000–5000 m. Xizang [Bhutan].

45. SANGUISORBA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 116. 1753.

地榆属 di yu shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba
Poterium Linnaeus.
Herbs perennial. Rootstock robust, bearing many fusiform, cylindric roots in lower part. Stipules sheathing, adnate to petiole,
petiole sheathing and imbricate at base; leaf blade imparipinnate; leaflets serrate at margin. Inflorescences terminal on elongate
scapes, densely capitate or spicate, bracteate and bracteolate. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual (when plants monoecious). Hy-
panthium with a constricted throat. Sepals 4(–7), imbricate, petaloid, purple, red, pink, or white, rarely greenish. Petals absent. Disk
lining hypanthium. Stamens usually 4, rarely more, inserted in throat of hypanthium; filaments free, rarely partly connate; anthers
 ROSACEAE

didymous. Carpel 1(or 2), included in hypanthium; ovule pendulous; style terminal, filiform; stigma penicillate. Achene dry, inclu-
ded in hardened, muricate or winged hypanthium. Cotyledons planoconvex. x = 7.
About 30 species: Asia, Europe, North America; seven species (one endemic) in China.

1a. Inflorescences flowering from base upward.

2a. Leaflets of radical leaves usually truncate to subcordate at base; inflorescences usually nodding, thick; sepals
white or pinkish; bracts longer than hypanthium in bud, densely hairy; filaments gradually dilated from base,
broadest near middle, then gradually attenuate toward apex, narrower than anther, or sometimes little dilated ...... 6. S. alpina
2b. Leaflets of radical leaves cordate or deeply so at base; inflorescences usually erect, long, slender; sepals white;
bracts nearly equaling hypanthium in bud, abaxially sparsely hairy or subglabrous, margin ciliate; filaments
compressed-dilated from middle to apex, broadest at apex, nearly as broad as anther .......................................... 7. S. stipulata
1b. Inflorescences flowering from apex downward.
3a. Inflorescences capitate; sepals white.
4a. Plants less than 35 cm tall; leaflets of radical leaves broadly ovate to suborbicular; flowers unisexual
(females in center, males surrounding); style 0.5–1 × as long as sepals; fruiting hypanthium with 4 ribs ..... 4. S. filiformis
4b. Plants to 85 cm tall; leaflets of radical leaves ovate, elliptic, or long elliptic; flowers bisexual; style
equaling sepals; fruiting hypanthium with 4 winged ribs ................................................................................. 5. S. diandra
3b. Inflorescences ellipsoid, cylindric, or elongate; sepals purple, red, pink, or white.
5a. Filaments filiform, subequaling sepals ........................................................................................................... 1. S. officinalis
5b. Filaments compressed-dilated, 0.5–2 × as long as sepals.
6a. Leaflets of radical leaves linear-lanceolate, base subcordate or rounded to obliquely broadly cuneate,
margin acutely incised serrate ................................................................................................................... 2. S. tenuifolia
6b. Leaflets of radical leaves ovate, elliptic, or oblong, base cordate, margin coarsely obtusely
serrate ........................................................................................................................................................ 3. S. applanata
1. Sanguisorba officinalis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 116. 1753. Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Asia, Europe].

地榆 di yu This species is used medicinally.

1a. Filaments 0.5–1 × as long as sepals,
Herbs perennial, 30–120 cm tall. Rootstock brown or pur-
exserted beyond them ............................... 1e. var. longifila
ple-brown, robust, usually fusiform, rarely terete, cross section
1b. Filaments nearly equaling sepals.
yellow-white or purple. Stems erect, angular, glabrous, or base
2a. Leaflets of radical leaves fasciated
pilose or sparsely glandular hairy. Radical leaves: stipules
oblong to fasciated lanceolate,
brown, membranous, glabrous or abaxially sparsely glandular
base subcordate or rounded to
hairy; petiole long, glabrous or sparsely glandular, base sheath-
broadly cuneate .............................. 1d. var. longifolia
ing and imbricate, sometimes sparsely glandular hairy; leaf
2b. Leaflets of radical leaves ovate or
blade with 4–6 pairs of leaflets; leaflets petiolulate, green on
oblong-ovate, base cordate to subcordate.
both surfaces, ovate, oblong-ovate, fasciated oblong, or fasci-
3a. Sepals pink or white ................... 1c. var. carnea
ated lanceolate, 1–7 × 0.5–3 cm, base cordate to broadly cune-
3b. Sepals purple, red, or tinged purple.
ate, margin coarsely obtusely or rarely acutely serrate, both
4a. Leaflets glabrous on both
surfaces glabrous or abaxially sparsely pilose; cauline leaves:
surfaces, base of petiole or
stipules large, semiovate, herbaceous, margin acutely serrate;
stem sometimes sparsely
leaflets shortly petiolulate or sessile, oblong to oblong-lanceo-
glandular hairy ............... 1a. var. officinalis
late, base subcordate to rounded, apex acute. Inflorescences 4b. Leaflets abaxially sparsely
erect, spicate, ellipsoid, cylindric, or ovoid, usually 1–6 × 0.5–1 pilose, base of petiole or
cm, flowering from apex to base; rachis glabrous or occasional- stem sparsely glandular
ly sparsely glandular hairy; bracts lanceolate, shorter than or hairy ............................ 1b. var. glandulosa
nearly equaling sepals, membranous, abaxially pilose, apex acu-
minate to caudate. Sepals 4, purple, red, pink, or white, elliptic 1a. Sanguisorba officinalis var. officinalis
to broadly ovate, abaxially pilose, with faint longitudinal mid- 地榆(原变种) di yu (yuan bian zhong)
vein, usually with shortly acute apex. Stamens 4; filaments fili-
form, 0.5–1 × as long as sepals, exserted beyond them or not. Poterium officinale (Linnaeus) A. Gray; Sanguisorba
Ovary glabrous or puberulous; stigma dilated, discoid, margin montana Jordan; S. officinalis var. longa Kitagawa; S. offici-
fimbriate-papillate. Fruiting hypanthium longitudinally 4-rib- nalis var. montana (Jordan) Focke; S. officinalis var. micro-
bed. Fl. and fr. Jul–Nov. cephala Kitagawa; S. officinalis var. polygama (Nylander)
Sergievskaja; S. polygama Nylander.
Thinned forests, forest margins, thickets, meadows, grasslands,
grassy mountain slopes, damp places in ravines, stream banks; near sea Base of petiole or stem sometimes sparsely glandular
level to 3000 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, hairy; leaflets of radical leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, glabrous
Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, on both surfaces, base cordate to subcordate. Sepals purple, red,
Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, or tinged purple. Filaments nearly equaling sepals. Fl. and fr.
 ROSACEAE

Jul–Oct. them. Fl. and fr. Aug–Sep.

Thinned forests, thickets, meadows, grasslands, grassy mountain ● Damp meadows, ditch banks; 100–1300 m. Heilongjiang, Nei
slopes; near sea level to 3000 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, He- Mongol.
bei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liao-
2. Sanguisorba tenuifolia Fischer ex Link, Enum. Hort. Berol.
ning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xin-
jiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Asia, Europe]. Alt. 1: 144. 1821.

1b. Sanguisorba officinalis var. glandulosa (Komarov) Voro- 细叶地榆 xi ye di yu

schilov, Fl. Far East URSS 265. 1966. Herbs perennial, to 1.5 m tall. Rootstock branched, robust,
腺地榆 xian di yu with many long, slender roots. Stems angular, glabrous. Radical
leaves: stipules brown, membranous, abaxially glabrous; petiole
Sanguisorba glandulosa Komarov, Bot. Mater. Gerb. glabrous; leaf blade with 7–9 pairs of leaflets; leaflets petiolu-
Glavn. Bot. Sada SSSR 6: 10. 1926. late, green on both surfaces, fasciated or fasciated lanceolate, 5–
Base of petiole or stem sparsely glandular hairy; leaflets of 7 × 1.5–1.7 cm, both surfaces glabrous, base subcordate to
radical leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, abaxially sparsely pilose, obliquely truncate or rounded, margin acutely incised serrate,
base cordate to subcordate. Sepals purple, red, or tinged purple. apex rounded to acute; cauline leaves: stipules green, falcate,
Filaments nearly equaling sepals. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep. herbaceous, margin incised serrate; leaf blade resembling that
of radical leaves but leaflets fewer and narrower higher up
Forest margins, damp places in ravines; 600–1900 m. Gansu, Hei- stem. Inflorescences usually nodding, spicate, long cylindric, 2–
longjiang, Shaanxi [Mongolia, E Russia].
7 × 0.5–0.8 cm; peduncle subglabrous; bracts lanceolate, short-
1c. Sanguisorba officinalis var. carnea (Fischer ex Link) er than sepals, abaxially and at margin densely hairy. Sepals
Regel ex Maximowicz, Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. red, whitish red, or white, long elliptic, abaxially glabrous.
Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 9: 154. 1877. Stamens 4; filaments compressed-dilated, 0.5–2 × as long as se-
pals, apex narrower than or nearly as broad as anther. Ovary
粉花地榆 fen hua di yu glabrous or pubescent near base; stigma dilated, discoidal.
Sanguisorba carnea Fischer ex Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Fruiting hypanthium longitudinally 4-ribbed, glabrous. Fl. and
Alt. 1: 144. 1821. fr. Jul–Sep.
Forests, forest margins, meadows, grassy mountain slopes, damp
Leaflets of radical leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, base cor- places; 200–1700 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol [Japan,
date to subcordate. Sepals pink or white. Filaments nearly equal- Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
ing sepals.
1a. Sepals red, sometimes whitish red; filaments
Heilongjiang, Jilin [Korea].
0.5–1 × as long as sepals ........................ 2a. var. tenuifolia
1d. Sanguisorba officinalis var. longifolia (Bertoloni) T. T. 1b. Sepals white; filaments 1–2 × as long as
Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(1): 9. 1979. sepals ............................................................... 2b. var. alba
长叶地榆 chang ye di yu 2a. Sanguisorba tenuifolia var. tenuifolia
Sanguisorba longifolia Bertoloni, Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. 细叶地榆(原变种) xi ye di yu (yuan bian zhong)
Ist. Bologna 12: 234. 1861; Poterium longifolium (Bertoloni) J.
Sanguisorba tenuifolia var. purpurea Trautvetter & C. A.
D. Hooker; S. formosana Hayata; S. officinalis subsp. longifolia
Meyer; S. affinis C. A. Meyer ex Regel & Tiling; Poterium
(Bertoloni) K. M. Purohit & Panigrahi; S. rectispicata Kita-
tenuifolium (Fischer ex Link) Franchet & Savatier.
gawa.
Sepals red, sometimes whitish red. Filaments 0.5–1 × as
Leaflets of radical leaves fasciated oblong to fasciated lan-
long as sepals. Fl. and fr. Aug–Sep.
ceolate, base subcordate or rounded to broadly cuneate. Fila-
ments nearly equaling sepals. Fl. and fr. Aug–Nov. Forest margins, meadows, grassy mountain slopes; 300–1500 m.
Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol [Japan, Korea, Mongolia,
Thinned forests, thickets, damp meadows, grassy mountain slopes, Russia].
stream banks; 100–3000 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Gui-
zhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, 2b. Sanguisorba tenuifolia var. alba Trautvetter & C. A.
Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [In- Meyer in Middendorff, Reise Sibir. 1(3): 35. 1856.
dia, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
小白花地榆 xiao bai hua di yu
1e. Sanguisorba officinalis var. longifila (Kitagawa) T. T. Yu
Sanguisorba parviflora (Maximowicz) Takeda; S. tenui-
& C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(1): 10. 1979.
folia var. parviflora Maximowicz.
长蕊地榆 chang rui di yu
Sepals white. Filaments 1–2 × as long as sepals. Fl. and fr.
Sanguisorba rectispicata var. longifila Kitagawa, Bot. Jul–Sep.
Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 136. 1936; S. longifolia var. longifila (Kita-
Forests, forest margins, meadows, damp places; 200–1700 m.
gawa) Kitagawa. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol [Japan, Korea, Mongolia,
Leaflets of radical leaves fasciated oblong to fasciated lan- Russia].
ceolate. Filaments 0.5–1 × as long as sepals, exserted beyond
 ROSACEAE

3. Sanguisorba applanata T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax. membranous, glabrous, margin entire or sparsely ciliate. Sepals
Sin. 17(1): 11. 1979. 4, white, narrowly elliptic to long obovate, abaxially glabrous.
Stamens 7 or 8; filaments filiform, nearly 2 × as long as sepals.
宽蕊地榆 kuan rui di yu
Style filiform, 0.5–1.5 × as long as sepals; stigma dilated, papil-
Herbs perennial, 75–120 cm tall. Rootstock robust, terete. late. Fruiting hypanthium longitudinally 4-ribbed; sepals decid-
Stems subglabrous. Lower cauline leaves: stipules semiorbicu- uous when mature. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep.
lar, margin incised serrate; petiole sparsely pilose; leaf blade
Meadows on mountain slopes, marshes; 1200–4500 m. Sichuan,
with 3–5 pairs of leaflets; petiolules 0.5–2.5 cm; leaflets green Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Sikkim].
on both surfaces, ovate, elliptic, or oblong, 1.5–5 × 1–4 cm,
both surfaces glabrous or abaxially densely villous, base cor- This species is used medicinally.
date, margin coarsely dentate, apex rounded, rarely truncate; 5. Sanguisorba diandra (J. D. Hooker) Nordborg, Opera Bot.
upper cauline leaves: leaflets narrowly oblong, base truncate to 11(2): 60. 1966.
broadly cuneate. Inflorescences spicate, long cylindric, 4–7.5 ×
0.6–1 cm; bracts elliptic-ovate, abaxially pubescent. Sepals pale 疏花地榆 shu hua di yu
pink or white, elliptic. Stamens 4; filaments gradually com-
Poterium diandrum J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 362.
pressed-dilated distally, ca. 2 × as long as sepals, as broad as
1878; Sanguisorba dissita T. T. Yu & C. L. Li.
anther. Style filiform; stigma dilated, discoidal, papillate. Fl.
and fr. Jul–Oct. Herbs perennial, 40–85 cm tall. Rootstock stout, terete.
● Thinned forests, marshy banks of ravines and streams; 100–500
Stems glandular pubescent or glabrescent. Radical leaves: peti-
m. Hebei, Jiangsu, Shandong. ole glandular pubescent or glabrescent; leaf blade with 5–8
pairs of leaflets; petiolules 0.5–2 cm; leaflets alternate or subop-
1a. Stipules and leaflets glabrous on both posite, abaxially tinged green, adaxially green, ovate, elliptic, or
surfaces; sepals pale pink or white ........ 3a. var. applanata long elliptic, 1–3 × 0.8–2.5 cm, abaxially sparsely pilose, adax-
1b. Stipules and leaflets abaxially densely ially glabrous, base cordate to truncate, margin obtusely or
villous; sepals pale pink .............................. 3b. var. villosa acutely incised serrate, apex rounded; middle cauline leaves:
3a. Sanguisorba applanata var. applanata stipules falcate, margin incised serrate. Inflorescences capitate,
lax after anthesis; bracts lanceolate, margin ciliate; flowers
宽蕊地榆(原变种) kuan rui di yu (yuan bian zhong) long pedicellate at base of inflorescence, gradually becoming
Stipules and leaflets glabrous on both surfaces. Sepals pale subsessile toward apex. Hypanthium abaxially pilose. Sepals 4,
pink or white. Fl. and fr. Jul–Oct. tinged green. Stamens 2; filaments filiform, nearly equaling se-
pals. Style slender; stigma dilated, papillate, much branched.
● Thinned forests, marshy banks of ravines and streams; 100–500 Fruiting hypanthium hardened, with 4 longitudinal, winged
m. Hebei, Jiangsu, Shandong. ribs; sepals persistent; style deciduous. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.
3b. Sanguisorba applanata var. villosa T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Forest margins, thickets, meadows on mountain slopes; 3200–
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(1): 11. 1979. 3900 m. Xizang [Bhutan, ?N India (Uttar Pradesh), Nepal, Sikkim].
柔毛宽蕊地榆 rou mao kuan rui di yu 6. Sanguisorba alpina Bunge in Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 1: 142.
Stipules and leaflets abaxially densely villous. Sepals pale 1829.
pink. Fl. Aug. 高山地榆 gao shan di yu
● Shandong.
Sanguisorba linostemon Handel-Mazzetti.
4. Sanguisorba filiformis (J. D. Hooker) Handel-Mazzetti,
Symb. Sin. 7: 524. 1933. Herbs perennial, 30–80 cm tall. Rootstock robust, terete.
Stems glabrous or subglabrous. Radical leaves: stipules yellow-
虫莲 chong liang brown, membranous, glabrous; petiole glabrous; leaf blade with
Poterium filiforme J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 362. 4–7(–9) pairs of leaflets; leaflets petiolulate, green on both
1878. surfaces, elliptic or long elliptic, rarely ovate, 1.5–7 × 1–4 cm,
both surfaces glabrous, base subcordate to truncate, margin
Herbs perennial, monoecious, 8–35 cm tall. Rootstock
acutely incised serrate, apex rounded or subrounded; cauline
brown, terete. Stems slender, glabrous. Radical leaves: stipules
leaves: stipules green, ovate or falcate-semiorbicular, leathery,
brown, membranous, abaxially glabrous; petiole glabrous; leaf
margin sharply incised serrate; leaf blade resembling that of
blade with 3–5 pairs of leaflets; leaflets shortly petiolulate,
radical leaves but leaflets fewer higher up stem with base
rarely subsessile, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 0.4–1.5 cm,
rounded to broadly cuneate. Inflorescence nodding, spiate,
both surfaces glabrous, base subcordate to rounded, margin
cylindric, rarely ellipsoid, usually 1–4 × 0.6–1.2 cm, elongated
obtusely serrate, apex rounded, rarely truncate; cauline leaves:
to 5 cm after anthesis, flowering from base to apex; peduncle
stipules green, herbaceous, margin entire or serrate; leaf blade
resembling that of radical leaves but leaflets fewer higher up usually pilose, later glabrescent; bracts tinged yellow-brown,
stem. Inflorescences capitate, subglobose, 3–7 mm in diam., ovate-lanceolate or spatulate-lanceolate, longer than flower
with male flowers surrounding females; bracts ovate, minute, buds before anthesis, 1–2 × as long as sepals, abaxially and at
 ROSACEAE

margin densely pubescent. Sepals white or slightly pinkish, Herbs perennial, 35–80 cm tall. Rootstock robust, deep,
ovate. Stamens 4; filaments gradually dilated from base, broad- long. Stems glabrous. Radical leaves: stipules yellow-brown,
est near middle, then gradually attenuate toward apex, 2–3 × as membranous, glabrous; petiole angular, glabrous; leaf blade
long as sepals, narrower than anther, or sometimes little dilated. with 4–6 pairs of leaflets; leaflets petiolulate, green on both sur-
Fruiting hypanthium pilose; sepals persistent. Fl. and fr. Jul– faces, abaxially more deeply so, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, both
Aug. surfaces glabrous, base cordate to deeply so, rarely slightly so,
Forest margins, mountain slopes, ravines, marshes; 1200–2700 m. margin coarsely acutely incised serrate, apex rounded; cauline
Gansu, N Ningxia (Helan Shan), Xinjiang [Korea, Mongolia, Russia]. leaves 2–4; stipules green, ovate, herbaceous, margin incised
serrate; leaf blade resembling that of radical leaves but leaf-
7. Sanguisorba stipulata Rafinesque, Herb. Raf. 47. 1833.
lets fewer higher up stem. Inflorescence erect, spicate; pedun-
大白花地榆 da bai hua di yu cle glabrous; bracts narrowly fasciated, nearly equaling sepals,
Poterium sitchense (C. A. Meyer) S. Watson; Sanguisorba glabrous or abaxially pilose. Sepals 4, elliptic-ovate, glabrous.
canadensis Torrey & A. Gray subsp. latifolia (Hooker) Calder; Stamens 4; filaments compressed-dilated from middle to apex,
S. canadensis var. latifolia Hooker; S. canadensis var. sitchen- broadest at apex, 2–3 × as long as sepal, nearly as broad as an-
sis (C. A. Meyer) Koidzumi; S. latifolia (Hooker) Coville; S. ther. Fruiting hypanthium pilose; sepals persistent. Fl. and fr.
sitchensis C. A. Meyer; S. stipulata var. latifolia (Hooker) H. Jul–Sep.
Hara.
Thinned forests, forest margins, mountains, ravines, marshy
places; 1400–2300 m. Jilin, Liaoning [Japan, Korea, Russia; North
America].

This species is used medicinally.

46. ALCHEMILLA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 123. 1753.

羽衣草属 yu yi cao shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba
Herbs perennial (rarely annual), with woody rhizome. Stems decumbent to erect. Leaves stipulate, long petiolate; stipules ad-
nate to sheathing petiole; leaf blade simple, ± orbicular, margin lobed, digitate, or palmately parted. Inflorescences usually dense
corymbs, rarely lax cymes or a solitary flower, ebracteate. Flowers very small, bisexual. Hypanthium urceolate, persistent, with con-
stricted throat. Sepals 4(or 5), valvate; epicalyx segments 4(or 5), alternating with sepals. Petals absent. Disk lining hypanthium, mar-
gin thickened. Stamens (1–)4; filaments free, short. Carpel 1(–4), sessile or substipitate, free; ovule ascending from base of locule;
style basal or adaxial, filiform, glabrous; stigma capitellate. Achene 1(–4), enclosed in membranous hypanthium. Seed basal; testa
membranous; cotyledons cylindric-obovoid. x = 8.
Between 100 and 300 species: frigid and temperate regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, and America, extending to alpine areas in the tropics; three
species in China.
1a. Stems and petioles glabrous, or stem only declinate hairy in lower part ......................................................................... 3. A. glabra
1b. Stems and petioles covered with ascending, spreading, or declinate hairs.
2a. Pedicel glabrous or subglabrous; hypanthium abaxially densely or sparsely villous; basal sinus of leaf blade
deep and narrow, sometimes with 2 lobes meeting ................................................................................................. 1. A. japonica
2b. Pedicel and hypanthium glabrous; basal sinus of leaf blade broad, sometimes base subtruncate ........................... 2. A. gracilis

1. Alchemilla japonica Nakai & H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 13: 177. yellow-green, triangular-ovate, 1–1.5 mm, slightly larger than
1937. epicalyx segments, abaxially sparsely pilose; epicalyx segments
oblong-lanceolate. Stamens nearly 1/2 as long as sepals. Style
羽衣草 yu yi cao filiform, slightly longer than stamens. Achene included in mem-
Herbs perennial, 10–30 cm tall. Rhizome thick, fleshy, branous receptacle, ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous, apex subacute.
woody. Stems solitary or tufted, decumbent to erect, densely Alpine grasslands; 2500–3500 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Qinghai,
white villous. Radical leaves: stipules brown, membranous, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang [Japan].
abaxially villous; petiole 3–15 cm, densely spreading villous;
leaf blade cordate-orbicular, 2–3 × 3–7 cm, both surfaces 2. Alchemilla gracilis Opiz in Berchtold & Opiz, Oekon.-
sparsely pilose, more densely so on veins, base deeply cordate, Techn. Fl. Böhm. 2(1): 14. 1838.
sinus narrow, sometimes with 2 lobes meeting, margin 7–9- 纤细羽衣草 xian xi yu yi cao
lobed and serrulate; cauline leaves shortly petiolate or subses-
sile; stipules connate at base, abaxially villous, margin serrate; Herbs perennial, 20–30 cm tall. Radical leaves: stipules
leaf blade small. Inflorescences densely corymbose-cymose. brown, membranous, abaxially sparsely villous; petiole 5–14
Flowers 3–4 mm in diam.; pedicel 2–3 mm, glabrous or subgla- cm, densely spreading villous; leaf blade reniform-orbicular, 2–
brous. Hypanthium abaxially densely or sparsely villous. Sepals 4 × 4–8 cm, both surfaces sparsely villous, abaxially densely so
 ROSACEAE

on veins, base subcordate with broad sinus or subtruncate, mar- tufted, erect, taller than the leaves, glabrous or only declinate
gin 7–9-lobed and serrulate; cauline leaves 2–5, shortly petio- hairy in lower part. Radical leaves many; stipules membranous,
late or subsessile; stipules connate at base, margin serrate; leaf brown, glabrous; petiole 10–18 cm, glabrous; leaf blade cor-
blade gradually smaller higher up stem. Inflorescences laxly date-orbicular, 3–5 × 6–8 cm, both surfaces glabrous, rarely
corymbiform-cymose. Pedicel 3–4 mm, glabrous. Hypanthium slightly appressed hairy and margin ciliate, base cordate, mar-
glabrous, base slightly decurrent. Epicalyx segments ca. 1/2 as gin 7–9-lobed and serrulate; cauline leaves 2–5, shortly petio-
long as sepals. Achene ovoid, 1–2 mm, glabrous, apex subob- late or subsessile; stipules connate at base, glabrous, margin
serrate; leaf blade small, margin 3–5-lobed. Inflorescences laxly
tuse.
corymbiform-cymose. Flowers ca. 3 mm in diam.; pedicel 1–2
Thinned forests, alpine grasslands; 1700–3500 m. Gansu, Shaan- mm, glabrous. Hypanthium glabrous, base slightly decurrent.
xi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia (W Siberia); Europe]. Sepals yellow-green, triangular-ovate, subglabrous; epicalyx
3. Alchemilla glabra Neygenfind, Ench. Bot. 67. 1821. segments oblong-lanceolate, nearly 1/2 as long as sepals, sub-
glarous.
无毛羽衣草 wu mao yu yi cao
Alpine grasslands; ca. 4000 m. NW Sichuan [Russia (W Siberia);
Herbs perennial, 30–60 cm tall. Rhizome robust. Stems Europe].

4. Subfam. PRUNOIDEAE
李亚科 li ya ke
Trees or shrubs. Stipules present. Leaves simple; leaf blade margin serrate or rarely entire. Ovary superior; carpels 1(–5), with 2
pendulous anatropous ovules per carpel. Fruit a drupe; mesocarp succulent, fleshy, or dry, not splitting or more rarely splitting when
ripe.
Ten genera and ca. 400 species: Africa, America, Asia, NE Australia, Europe, Pacific Islands; nine genera and 117 species (70 endemic, nine
introduced) in China.
The genera Amygdalus, Armeniaca, Cerasus, Laurocerasus, Padus, and Prunus are often treated at the subgeneric or sectional level within the
genus Prunus. Pygeum is usually treated as a distinct genus but has sometimes also been included within Prunus. The three cherry genera (Cerasus,
Laurocerasus, and Padus) are probably more closely related to each other than they are to the other genera in the Prunoideae. Recent phylogenetic
studies based on molecular data show that none of these three cherry genera are monophyletic, and their separation is probably not justified (Bortiri et
al., Syst. Bot. 26: 797–807. 2001).
1a. Style lateral; branches with regularly produced axillary spines with a few or no leaves; petals white, cream, or
yellow ............................................................................................................................................................................... 47. Prinsepia
1b. Style terminal; branches unarmed or with leafy spine-tipped branchlets; petals white, pink, light red, or purple
(yellowish white in Laurocerasus undulata).
2a. Sepals and petals minute and ± indistinguishable.
3a. Plants evergreen; leaf blade margin entire or minutely serrulate ........................................................................ 54. Pygeum
3b. Plants deciduous; leaf blade margin with simple, double, or incised gland-tipped teeth ................................ 55. Maddenia
2b. Sepals and petals large and clearly differentiated.
4a. Drupe grooved, hairy or glabrous but if glabrous usually glaucous; endocarp distinctly compressed.
5a. Axillary winter buds 3 with 2 lateral flower buds and 1 central leaf bud; terminal winter bud present;
leaves conduplicate when young; endocarp often pitted, rarely smooth ................................................. 48. Amygdalus
5b. Axillary winter buds single; terminal winter buds absent; leaves convolute [or conduplicate] when
young; endocarp usually smooth or inconspicuously pitted.
6a. Flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate; ovary and fruit usually pubescent ........................................ 49. Armeniaca
6b. Flowers distinctly pedicellate; ovary and fruit glabrous, often glaucous ................................................ 50. Prunus
4b. Drupe not grooved, glabrous but not glaucous; endocarp not or hardly compressed.
7a. Inflorescences usually with conspicuous bracts; flowers solitary to several in short racemes or
corymbs .......................................................................................................................................................... 51. Cerasus
7b. Inflorescences with small bracts; flowers 10 or more in racemes.
8a. Plants deciduous; rachis base usually with leaves, rarely leafless ............................................................ 52. Padus
8b. Plants evergreen; rachis base leafless ............................................................................................ 53. Laurocerasus

47. PRINSEPIA Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 206. 1835.

扁核木属 bian he mu shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Bruce Bartholomew
Plagiospermum Oliver (1886), not Cleve (1868), nor Pierre (1892); Sinoplagiospermum Rauschert.
Shrubs, erect or scandent, deciduous. Branches with leafless or few-leaved axillary spines, pith lamellate. Winter buds small,
 ROSACEAE

with a few hairy scales. Stipules small, soon caducous. Leaves alternate, sometimes fascicled on short shoots, simple; petiole short,
often ill-defined, with or without slender and inconspicuous nectaries; leaf blade glabrous, margin entire or serrulate. Inflorescences
solitary or fascicled on short branchlets in leaf axils of previous year’s branches, racemose, or 1-flowered. Flowers bisexual. Pedicel
absent or essentially so. Hypanthium mouth with an annular disk. Sepals 5, unequal, persistent in fruit. Petals 5, white, cream, or yel-
low, suborbicular, base clawed. Stamens 10 or more, in 2 or more whorls, inserted on hypanthium rim; filaments short. Ovary superi-
or, glabrous, 1-loculed; ovules 2, parallel, pendulous. Style lateral; stigma capitate. Fruit a drupe; mesocarp fleshy; endocarp lea-
thery, smooth or slightly furrowed.
About five species: Bhutan, China, N India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sikkim; four species (three endemic) in China.

1a. Spines leafy, rarely leafless; flowers in racemes, rarely solitary or fascicled; stamens more than 10, in several whorls.
2a. Racemes with many flowers .......................................................................................................................................... 1. P. utilis
2b. Racemes with few flowers or flowers solitary ....................................................................................................... 2. P. scandens
1b. Spines leafless; flowers in a fascicle or solitary; stamens 10, in 2 whorls.
3a. Hypanthium campanulate; petals yellow ................................................................................................................. 3. P. sinensis
3b. Hypanthium turbinate; petals white .......................................................................................................................... 4. P. uniflora
1. Prinsepia utilis Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 206. 1835. 东北蕤核 dong bei rui he
扁核木 bian he mu Plagiospermum sinense Oliver, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 16: t.
1526. 1886; Sinoplagiospermum sinense (Oliver) Rauschert.
Shrubs 1–5 m tall. Branches grayish green, robust; branch-
lets green to grayish green, angled, brown pubescent to subgla- Shrubs to 2 m tall. Branches grayish green to purplish
brous; spines to 3.5 cm, subglabrous, usually leafy. Winter buds brown, robust, glabrous; branchlets reddish brown, longitudi-
purplish red, ovoid to oblong, subglabrous. Stipules not seen. nally angled, glabrous; spines erect to recurved, 6–10 mm, us-
Petiole ca. 5 mm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong to ovate-lanceo- ually leafless. Winter buds purplish red, ovoid, pubescent. Peti-
late, 3.5–9 × 1.5–3 cm, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, ole 5–10 mm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate,
margin serrulate, apex acute to acuminate. Racemes axillary or or very rarely lorate, 3–6.5 × 0.6–2 cm, abaxially pale green,
on short branchlets, 3–6 cm, many flowered; peduncle brown adaxially dark green, base subrounded to broadly cuneate, mar-
pubescent, soon glabrescent; bracts and bracteoles lanceolate, gin remotely serrate, apex acute, acuminate, or caudate; secon-
brown pubescent, glabrescent. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Pedi- dary veins abaxially prominent, adaxially impressed. Inflores-
cel 4–8 mm, to 1 cm in fruit, brown pubescent, soon glabre- cences in leaf axils, 1-flowered or to a 4-flowered fascicle;
scent. Hypanthium cup-shaped, outside brown pubescent. Se- bracts small, membranous, lanceolate, adaxially pubescent, gla-
pals semiorbicular to broadly ovate, outside brown pubescent brescent. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm in diam. Pedicel 1–1.8 cm, to 2 cm
when young and densely so on margin. Petals white, broadly in fruit, glabrous. Hypanthium campanulate, outside glabrous.
obovate, base shortly clawed, margin apically erose. Stamens in Sepals triangular-ovate, short, outside glabrous, margin ciliate.
2 or 3 whorls. Ovary glabrous. Style short. Drupe purplish Petals yellow, obovate, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Sta-
brown to blackish purple, oblong to obovoid-oblong, ca. 8 mm mens ca. 10, in 2 whorls. Ovary glabrous. Style short. Drupe
in diam. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep. purplish red to purplish brown, subglobose to oblong, 1–1.5 cm
Slopes, wastelands, valleys, along trails; 1000–2600 m. Guizhou, in diam., glabrous. Fl. Apr–May, fr. May–Sep.
Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sikkim]. ● Mixed forests, forests of shady slopes, open places on slopes,
2. Prinsepia scandens Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 69. 1915. stream sides. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol.

台湾扁核木 tai wan bian he mu 4. Prinsepia uniflora Batalin, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot.
Sada 12: 167. 1892.
Shrubs 2–8 m tall, scandent. Branchlets greenish, angled;
spines 1–1.5 cm, glabrous, sometimes leafy. Winter buds ovoid, 蕤核 rui he
glabrous. Stipules not seen. Petiole 5–10 mm, glabrous; leaf Sinoplagiospermum uniflorum (Batalin) Rauschert.
blade ovate-lanceolate, 3.5–5.5 × 1.2–2 cm, thinly leathery,
glabrous, abaxially slightly lighter green than adaxial surface, Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branches purplish brown, robust, gla-
base narrowly cuneate to cuneate, margin crenate-serrate, apex brous; branchlets grayish green to grayish brown, longitudinally
acuminate; midvein abaxially raised, adaxially slightly impress- angled, glabrous or pubescent; spines usually erect, 6–10 mm,
ed. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, solitary, fascicled, or usually leafless. Winter buds purplish red, ovoid, glabrous. Peti-
racemose; bracts glandular. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Pedicel ole short to leaf subsessile, subglabrous; leaf blade oblong-lan-
5–7 mm. Hypanthium cup-shaped, outside glabrous. Sepals ceolate, narrowly oblong, oblong, ovate-oblong, ovate-lanceo-
suborbicular, 3–5 mm in diam., outside glabrous, apex rounded. late, narrowly lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic, 2–5.5 × 0.6–0.8
Petals white, suborbicular, ca. 5 mm in diam. Stamens ca. 30. cm, abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, base cuneate to
Stigma inflated. Drupe oblong. Fl. Apr–Jun. broadly cuneate, margin repand to conspicuously serrulate,
apex obtuse to acute. Inflorescences 1-flowered or to 3-flow-
● Thickets in mountains; 1500–3000 m. Taiwan.
ered fascicle; bracts not seen. Flowers 8–10 mm in diam. Pedi-
3. Prinsepia sinensis (Oliver) Oliver ex Bean, Bull. Misc. In- cel 3–15 mm, glabrous. Hypanthium turbinate, outside gla-
form. Kew 1909: 354. 1909. brous. Sepals triangular-ovate to semiorbicular, reflexed in
 ROSACEAE

fruit, outside glabrous, margin entire, apex obtuse. Petals white 4a. Prinsepia uniflora var. uniflora
with purple veins, obovate, 5–6 mm, base broadly cuneate and
蕤核(原变种) rui he (yuan bian zhong)
shortly clawed, margin apically erose. Stamens 10, in 2 whorls.
Ovary glabrous. Style short. Drupe reddish brown to blackish Leaf blade oblong-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, mar-
brown, globose, 0.8–1.2 cm in diam., glabrous, lustrous. Fl. gin repand or inconspicuously serrulate. Pedicel 3–5 mm.
May, fr. Jun–Sep. ● Sunny slopes, bases of hills; 900–1100 m. Gansu, W Henan, S
● Slopes, ravines in valleys, bases of hills; 800–2200 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, W Sichuan.
W Henan, S Nei Mongol, Ningxia, E Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, W 4b. Prinsepia uniflora var. serrata Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor.
Sichuan. 22: 575. 1941.
1a. Leaf oblong-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 齿叶蕤核 chi ye rui he
margin repand or inconspicuously serrulate;
pedicel 3–5 mm ......................................... 4a. var. uniflora Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to ovate-oblong on sterile
1b. Leaf ovate-lanceolate to ovate-oblong on shoots, oblong to narrowly elliptic on flowering shoots, margin
sterile shoot, oblong to narrowly elliptic on conspicuously serrate. Pedicel 5–15 mm.
flowering shoots, margin conspicuously ● Slopes, ravines in valleys; 800–2200 m. Gansu, Ningxia, E
serrulate; pedicel 5–15 mm ........................ 4b. var. serrata Qinghai, S Shaanxi, S Shanxi, W Sichuan.

48. AMYGDALUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 472. 1753.

桃属 tao shu
Lu Lingdi (陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti); Bruce Bartholomew
Persica Miller.
Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Branches unarmed or spiny. Axillary winter buds (2 or)3, lateral ones flower buds, central one a leaf
bud; terminal winter buds present. Stipules present. Leaves simple, alternate, sometimes fascicled on short branchlets, conduplicate
when young; petiole usually with 2 nectaries or sometimes nectaries at base of leaf blade margin; leaf blade margin often serrate. In-
florescences borne on axillary short branches, 1(or 2)-flowered. Flowers bisexual, regular, opening before or rarely with leaves. Pedi-
cel nearly absent or short, rarely long. Hypanthium caducous in fruit. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, pink or white, inserted on rim of
hypanthium, imbricate. Stamens 15 to many, inserted with petals; filaments filiform, free. Ovary superior, hairy, 1-loculed; ovules 2,
collateral, pendulous. Style terminal, elongated. Fruit a drupe, hairy, glabrous in some cultivated Amygdalus persica, with a con-
spicuous longitudinal groove; mesocarp fleshy and not splitting or dry and splitting when ripe; endocarp hard, 2-valved, globose or
ellipsoid, usually compressed, surface furrowed, pitted, rugose, or smooth.
About 40 species; C, E, and SW Asia, S Europe; 11 species (four endemic, one introduced) in China.
Many species and cultivars are grown for their edible fruit or as garden ornamentals, and a few species are also grown for their edible seeds.

1a. Mesocarp fleshy or rarely dry, not splitting when ripe.

2a. Endocarp smooth, only with shallow furrows, without pits.
3a. Sepals outside pubescent or rarely subglabrous; endocarp subglobose, longitudinally and transversely
shallowly furrowed, apex obtuse ................................................................................................................ 10. A. kansuensis
3b. Sepals outside glabrous; endocarp compressed ovoid-globose, inconspicuously and longitudinally
sparsely shallowly furrowed only on dorsal and ventral sides, apex acute .......................................................... 11. A. mira
2b. Endocarp deeply furrowed and pitted.
4a. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous; calyx outside glabrous; mesocarp thin and dry; endocarp usually not
laterally compressed, apex obtuse ................................................................................................................... 9. A. davidiana
4b. Leaf blade abaxially sparsely pubescent in vein axils, rarely glabrous; calyx outside pubescent; mesocarp
thick and succulent; endocarp laterally compressed, apex acuminate.
5a. Endocarp irregularly longitudinally and transversely furrowed and pitted; leaf blade secondary veins
anastomosing at margin ................................................................................................................................ 7. A. persica
5b. Endocarp longitudinally furrowed and very sparsely pitted; leaf blade secondary veins continuing
to margin ................................................................................................................................................ 8. A. ferganensis
1b. Mesocarp dry, splitting when ripe.
6a. Branchlets spiny.
7a. Branchlets glabrous; leaf blade long elliptic, oblong, or obovate-oblanceolate, 1.5–4 cm, secondary veins
5–8 on either side of midvein; drupe subglobose to ovoid-globose, 1.5–2 cm in diam. ................................ 5. A. tangutica
7b. Branchlets pubescent; leaf blade broadly elliptic, suborbicular, or obovate, 0.8–1.5 cm, secondary veins
ca. 4 on either side of midvein; drupe broadly ovoid-globose, 1–1.2 cm in diam. ....................................... 6. A. mongolica
6b. Branchlets unarmed.
 ROSACEAE

8a. Leaf blade lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, glabrous or sparsely pubescent
when young; pedicel 2–4 mm; hypanthium cylindrical.
9a. Trees or shrubs, (2–)3–6(–8) m tall; petiole 1–2(–3) cm; leaf blade lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate,
slightly pilose when young, glabrescent; drupe obliquely ovoid to oblong-ovoid; endocarp pitted and
with or without shallow furrows ............................................................................................................. 1. A. communis
9b. Shrubs, 1–1.5 m tall; petiole 0.4–0.7 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate,
glabrous; drupe ovoid to ovoid-globose; endocarp not pitted but only with irregular shallow reticulate
furrows .............................................................................................................................................................. 2. A. nana
8b. Leaf blade suborbicular, broadly elliptic, or obovate, pubescent; pedicel 4–8 mm; hypanthium broadly
campanulate.
10a. Shrubs, rarely trees, 2–3 m tall; leaf blade apically 3-lobed, margin coarsely serrate or biserrate;
endocarp subglobose, surface reticulate, apex obtuse ................................................................................ 3. A. triloba
10b. Shrubs, 1–2 m tall; leaf blade apically not lobed, margin irregularly coarsely serrate; endocarp
broadly ovoid, surface smooth to slightly rugose, apex mucronulate .............................................. 4. A. pedunculata
1. Amygdalus communis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 473. 1753. Cultivated in Gansu, Shaanxi, Shandong, and Xinjiang [probably
native to SW Asia].
扁桃 bian tao
Cultivated varieties of almonds have been named for whether the
Amygdalus amara Duhamel; A. communis var. amara seeds are sweet or bitter and whether the endocarp is hard or fragile.
(Duhamel) Candolle; A. communis var. dulcis (Miller) Can-
2. Amygdalus nana Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 473. 1753.
dolle; A. communis var. fragilis (Borkhausen) Seringe; A. dulcis
Miller; A. fragilis Borkhausen; A. sativa Miller; Prunus amyg- 矮扁桃 ai bian tao
dalus (Linnaeus) Batsch; P. amygdalus var. amara (Duhamel)
Amygdalus ledebouriana Schlechtendal; Prunus nana
Focke; P. amygdalus var. dulcis (Miller) Koehne; P. amygdalus
(Linnaeus) Stokes (1812), not Du Roi (1772); P. tenella Batsch.
var. fragilis (Borkhausen) Focke; P. amygdalus var. sativa
(Miller) Focke; P. communis (Linnaeus) Arcangeli (1882), not Shrubs 1–1.5 m tall. Branches erect-divaricate, with many
Hudson (1762); P. communis var. dulcis (Miller) Borkhausen; short branchlets; first year’s branchlets grayish white to reddish
P. communis var. fragilis (Borkhausen) Focke; P. communis brown; older branchlets reddish gray or gray, glabrous. Winter
var. sativa (Miller) Focke; P. dulcis (Miller) D. A. Webb; P. buds brown, ovoid, 2–4 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse to acute.
dulcis var. amara (Duhamel) H. L. Moore. Stipules linear to linear-lanceolate, 5–10 × 1.5–3 mm, margin
entire or slightly dentate. Leaves on short branchlets sessile and
Trees or shrubs, (2–)3–6(–8) m tall. Branches erect or in clusters, those on long branchlets often solitary and alternate;
horizontally spreading, unarmed, with many short branchlets, petiole 4–7 mm, glabrous; leaf blade narrowly oblong, oblong-
glabrous; previous year’s branchlets brownish, grayish brown lanceolate, or lanceolate, 2.5–6 × 0.8–3 cm, both surfaces gla-
to grayish black with age. Winter buds brownish, ovoid, 3–5 brous, base narrowly cuneate to attenuate, margin minutely and
mm, glabrous. Leaves variable, those on long branchlets usu- shallowly obtusely serrate, apex acute to ± obtuse. Flowers soli-
ally alternate, those on short branchlets approximate and often tary, opening at same time as leaves, ca. 2 cm in diam. Pedicel
fascicled; petiole 1–2(–3) cm, glabrous, with 2 to 4 nectaries at 3–6 mm, 5–7 mm in fruit, yellowish pubescent, surrounded by
apex or at base of leaf blade; leaf blade lanceolate to elliptic- brown bud scales. Hypanthium purplish brown, cylindrical, 5–8
lanceolate, 3–6(–9) × 1–2.5 cm, slightly pilose when young, × 2–4 mm, outside glabrous. Sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate,
glabrescent, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin shal- 3–4 mm, outside glabrous, margin slightly serrate and with ±
lowly densely serrate, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Flo- remote glands. Petals pink, irregularly obovate to oblong, 10–
wers solitary, opening before leaves. Pedicel 3–4 mm, 4–10 17 × 4–8 mm, base cuneate, apex obtuse to shallowly emar-
mm in fruit, glabrous. Hypanthium cylindrical, (5–)6–8 × 3–5 ginate. Stamens many, shorter than petals. Ovary densely vil-
mm, outside glabrous. Sepals broadly oblong to broadly lanceo- lous. Style nearly as long as stamens. Drupe ovoid to ovoid-glo-
late, 5–6 mm, outside glabrous, margin pubescent, apex obtuse. bose, 1–2(–2.5) × 1.2–1.8(–2) cm, densely straw yellow villous;
Petals white or pinkish, oblong to obovate-oblong, 1.2–2 × 0.7– mesocarp dry, splitting when ripe; endocarp ovoid-globose to
1.1 cm, base tapering to a narrow claw, apex obtuse to emar- elongate ovoid-globose, compressed, 0.8–1.8(–2.2) × 1–
ginate. Stamens unequal in length. Ovary densely tomentose. 1.5(–1.7) cm, with thick curved ventral and ± keeled dorsal su-
Style longer than stamens. Drupe obliquely ovoid to oblong- tures, surface with irregular shallow reticulate furrows, base
ovoid, compressed, 3–4.3 × 2–3 cm, densely pubescent, base somewhat oblique, apex obtuse. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul.
mostly subtruncate, apex pointed to somewhat obtuse; meso-
Grasslands, valleys, hollows, dry slopes; below 1200 m. Xinjiang
carp thin, splitting at maturity; endocarp yellowish white to [Russia; SW Asia, Europe].
brown, ovoid, broadly ellipsoid, or shortly oblong, asymmet-
ric on both sides, 2.5–3(–4) cm, hard to fragile, ventral suture 3. Amygdalus triloba (Lindley) Ricker, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
curved and ± acutely keeled, dorsal suture generally straight, 30: 18. 1917.
surface smooth and pitted with or without shallow furrows, 榆叶梅 yu ye mei
base obliquely truncate to orbicular-truncate. Seed sweet or
bitter. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Jul–Aug. Prunus triloba Lindley, Gard. Chron. 1857: 268. 1857;
 ROSACEAE

Amygdalus triloba var. plena (Dippel) S. Q. Nie; A. triloba var. ginate. Stamens many, unequal in length. Ovary densely pubes-
truncata (Komarov) S. Q. Nie; Cerasus triloba A. I. Baranov & cent. Style nearly as long as shorter stamens. Drupe dark pur-
Liou; C. triloba var. plena (Dippel) A. I. Baranov & Liou; C. plish red, subglobose to ovoid-globose, 1–1.5 cm in diam.,
triloba var. truncata (Komarov) A. I. Baranov & Liou; Prunus densely pubescent, apex mucronulate; mesocarp thin and dry,
triloba var. plena Dippel; P. triloba var. truncata Komarov. separating from endocarp and splitting at maturity; endocarp
brownish, broadly ovoid, slightly compressed laterally, 0.8–1.2
Shrubs, rarely trees, 2–3 m tall. Branches spreading, much
cm in diam., surface smooth, scabrous, or slightly rugose, base
branched; current year’s branchlets gray to grayish black; pre- orbicular, apex mucronulate. Seed brownish yellow, broadly
vious year’s branchlets grayish brown, glabrous or slightly pu- ovoid. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
bescent when young, glabrescent. Winter buds brown, 2–3 mm,
apex acute; scale margins pubescent. Leaves on short branchlets Sunny pebbly slopes, steppes. Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi
often fasciculate, those on long branches alternate; petiole 5–10 [Mongolia, Russia].
mm, pubescent; leaf blade broadly elliptic to obovate, 2–6 × 5. Amygdalus tangutica (Batalin) Korshinsky, Izv. Imp. Akad.
1.5–3(–4) cm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially pilose or glabrous, Nauk. 14: 94. 1901.
base broadly cuneate, margin coarsely serrate or biserrate, apex
shortly acuminate and usually 3-lobed. Flowers 1 or 2, opening 西康扁桃 xi kang bian tao
before leaves, 2–3 cm in diam. Pedicel 4–8 mm, 5–10 mm in Amygdalus communis Linnaeus var. tangutica Batalin,
fruit, glabrous or initially puberulous. Hypanthium broadly Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk Bot. Sada 12: 163. 1892; Persica
campanulate, 3–5 mm, outside glabrous or puberulous. Sepals tangutica (Batalin) Kovalev & Kostina; Prunus dehiscens
ovate to ovate-lanceolate, nearly as long as hypanthium, outside Koehne; P. tangutica (Batalin) Koehne.
glabrous or puberulous, margin sparsely minutely serrate near
apex. Petals pink, suborbicular to broadly obovate, 6–10 mm, Shrubs 1–2(–4) m tall, dense. Branches spreading, spiny;
apex obtuse to emarginate. Stamens 25–30, shorter than petals. branchlets grayish brown, glabrous, with many inconspicuous
Ovary densely pubescent. Style somewhat longer than stamens. lenticels. Leaves on short branchlets mostly in clusters, those on
Drupe subglobose, 1–1.8 cm in diam., pubescent, apex mu- long branchlets usually alternate; petiole 5–10 mm, glabrous;
cronulate; mesocarp thin, splitting when ripe; endocarp sub- leaf blade elliptic, oblong, or obovate-oblanceolate, 1.5–4 ×
globose, ± uncompressed on both sides, 1–1.6 cm in diam., sur- 0.5–1.5 cm, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially greenish, adax-
ially dark green, base cuneate, margin minutely obtusely den-
face irregularly reticulate, apex obtuse. Fl. Apr–May, fr. May–
tate, apex obtuse to acute and mucronate; secondary veins 5–8
Jul.
on either side of midvein. Flowers solitary, 2–2.5 cm in diam.,
Forests, thickets; 600–2500 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hei- sessile or subsessile. Hypanthium outside glabrous. Sepals long
longjiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shan- elliptic, 3–4 mm, outside glabrous, margin indistinctly minutely
dong, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Korea, Russia]. serrate. Petals pink, fading almost to white, obovate, 7–10 mm.
Single- and double-flowered cultivars are cultivated as garden or- Stamens 25–30, in 2 whorls. Ovary ovoid, ca. 1 mm, pubescent.
namentals. Style over 5 mm, hairy. Drupe purplish red, subglobose to
ovoid-globose, 1.5–2 cm in diam., densely pubescent; mesocarp
4. Amygdalus pedunculata Pallas, Nova Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. thin and dry, splitting at maturity; endocarp subglobose, 1.3–1.8
Petrop. Hist. Acad. 7: 353. 1789. cm in diam., surface inconspicuously shallowly furrowed but
长梗扁桃 chang geng bian tao not pitted, ventral suture compressed and broad, base subtrun-
cate, apex ± obtuse to ± acute. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul.
Amygdalus pilosa Turczaninow; Prunus pedunculata (Pal-
● Sunny slopes, stream sides; 1500–2600 m. S Gansu, NW Si-
las) Maximowicz; P. pilosa (Turczaninow) Maximowicz.
chuan.
Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branches spreading, with many short 6. Amygdalus mongolica (Maximowicz) Ricker, Proc. Biol.
branchlets; branchlets brownish to dark grayish brown, pubes- Soc. Wash. 30: 17. 1917.
cent initially, glabrescent. Winter buds often 3, collateral in leaf
axil on short branchlets, lateral ones flower buds, central one 蒙古扁桃 meng gu bian tao
a leaf bud. Stipules linear, narrow, 2–4 mm. Leaves on short
Prunus mongolica Maximowicz, Bull. Soc. Imp. Natural-
branchlets densely fascicled, those on long branchlets alternate;
istes Moscou 54: 16. 1879.
petiole 2–5(–10) mm, pubescent; leaf blade elliptic, sub-
orbicular, or obovate, 1–4 × 0.7–2 cm, both surfaces pilose, Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branches spreading, much branched;
abaxially greenish, adaxially dark green, base broadly cuneate, branchlets reddish brown when young, grayish brown with age,
margin irregularly coarsely serrate, apex acute to ± obtuse; pubescent, often spine-tipped. Leaves on short branchlets most-
secondary veins 4–6 on either side of midvein. Flowers solitary, ly fascicled, those on long branchlets usually alternate; petiole
opening slightly before leaves, 1–1.5 cm in diam. Pedicel 4–8 2–5 mm, glabrous; leaf blade broadly elliptic, suborbicular, or
mm, not much elongated in fruit, pubescent. Hypanthium obovate, 8–15 × 6–10 mm, both surfaces glabrous, base cu-
broadly campanulate, 4–6 mm, outside glabrous or puberulous. neate, margin shallowly obtusely serrate, apex obtuse and
Sepals triangular-ovate, 2–3 mm, outside glabrous or puberu- sometimes mucronate; secondary veins ca. 4 on either side of
lous, margin sometimes shallowly serrate, apex ± obtuse. Petals midvein. Flowers solitary, rarely several fascicled on short
pink, suborbicular, 7–10 mm in diam., apex occasionally emar- branchlets. Pedicel very short, not much elongated in fruit,
 ROSACEAE

glabrous. Hypanthium campanulate, 3–4 mm, outside gla- ● Cultivated throughout China, escaped from cultivation in waste
brous. Sepals oblong, nearly as long as hypanthium, outside fields or on disturbed slopes; 1500–2200 m. Escaped from cultivation in
glabrous, apex abruptly mucronate. Petals pink, obovate, 5–7 at least Gansu, Hebei, and Shanxi.
mm. Stamens many, unequal in length. Ovary pubescent. Style Although native to N China, truly wild peaches no longer exist.
slender, ± as long as stamens, pubescent. Drupe broadly ovoid- Peaches are important, fruit-bearing and ornamental plants cultivated
globose, 1.2–1.5 × 1–1.2 cm, pubescent, apex acute; mesocarp throughout temperate and subtropical zones. Cultivated varieties have
thin, separating from endocarp and splitting at maturity; en- been named for whether the fruit are compressed or not, whether the
docarp ovoid, 0.8–1.3 cm, surface smooth, shallowly furrowed fruit surface is pubescent or glabrous, and whether the endocarp is free
but not pitted, ventral suture flattened, base asymmetric, apex or adnate to the mesocarp.
mucronulate. Seed pale brown, broadly compressed ovoid. Fl. 8. Amygdalus ferganensis (Kostina & Rjabov) T. T. Yu & L.
May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. T. Lu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 20. 1986.
Hill lands in desert or desert grasslands, stony slopes, dry river 新疆桃 xin jiang tao
beds; 1000–2400 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia [Mongolia].
Prunus persica (Linnaeus) Batsch subsp. ferganensis
7. Amygdalus persica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 472. 1753.
Kostina & Rjabov, Trudy Prikl. Bot., Ser. 8, Plodovolye Yago-
桃 tao dnye Kul’t 1: 323. 1932; Persica ferganensis (Kostina &
Rjabov) Kovalev & Kostina.
Amygdalus persica [unranked] aganonucipersica Schübler
& Martens; A. persica var. aganonucipersica (Schübler & Trees to 8 m tall. Branchlets smooth, glabrous, lenticellate;
Martens) T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu; A. persica [unranked] agano- current year’s branchlets reddish on exposed side, greenish on
persica Reichenbach; A. persica var. compressa (Loudon) T. T. shady side, shiny; previous year’s branchlets reddish brown,
Yu & L. T. Lu; A. persica [unranked] scleronucipersica Schüb- squamose, with many lenticels. Winter buds 2 or 3 in leaf axils,
ler & Martens; A. persica var. scleronucipersica (Schübler & pubescent. Petiole robust, 0.5–2 cm, with 2–8 nectaries; leaf
Martens) T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu; A. persica [unranked] sclero- blade lanceolate, 7–15 × 2–3 cm, abaxially pilose in vein axils,
persica Reichenbach; A. persica var. scleropersica (Reichen- adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin
bach) T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu; Persica platycarpa Decaisne; P. crenate with gland-tipped teeth, apex acuminate; secondary
vulgaris Miller; P. vulgaris var. compressa Loudon; Prunus veins 12–14 on either side of midvein. Flowers solitary, open-
persica (Linnaeus) Batsch; P. persica var. compressa (Loudon) ing before leaves, 3–4 cm in diam. Pedicel very short. Hypan-
Bean; P. persica subsp. platycarpa (Decaisne) D. Rivera et al.; thium shortly campanulate, outside green with a reddish tinge.
P. persica var. platycarpa (Decaisne) L. H. Bailey. Sepals ovate to ovate-oblong, outside pubescent. Petals pink,
suborbicular to oblong, 1.5–1.7 cm in diam. Stamens many, un-
Trees 3–8 m tall, with a broad and ± horizontally spread- equal in length, shorter than petals. Ovary pubescent. Style
ing crown. Bark dark reddish brown, scabrous and squamose shorter than stamens. Drupe greenish white, rarely golden yel-
with age. Branchlets green but reddish on exposed side, slender, low, sometimes with a reddish tinge, compressed globose,
glabrous, lustrous, with many small lenticels. Winter buds often rarely subglobose, 3.5–6 × 4.4–7 cm, pubescent, very rarely
2 or 3 in a fascicle, conical, pubescent, apex obtuse. Petiole glabrous, occasionally slightly glaucous; mesocarp succulent,
robust, 1–2 cm, with or without 1 to several nectaries; leaf sour-sweet, fragrant, separating from endocarp, not splitting
blade oblong-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or obovate-oblan- when ripe; endocarp flattened globose, rarely subglobose to
ceolate, 7–15 × 2–3.5 cm, abaxially with or without a few hairs broadly ellipsoid, compressed on both sides, 1.7–3.5 × 1.3–3
in vein axils, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin cm, surface longitudinally furrowed and very sparsely pitted,
finely to coarsely serrate, apex acuminate. Flowers solitary, base subtruncate, apex long acuminate. Seed bitter to slightly
opening before leaves, 2–3.5 cm in diam. Pedicel very short to sweet. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Jul–Aug.
flower subsessile. Hypanthium green with a red tinge, shortly
Cultivated in Xinjiang [cultivated in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan].
campanulate, 3–5 mm, outside pubescent or rarely subglabrous.
Sepals ovate to oblong, ± as long as hypanthium, outside pubes- This species is cultivated for its fruit, and the original, native
cent to rarely subglabrous, apex obtuse. Petals pink or white, distribution is uncertain.
oblong-elliptic to broadly obovate, 1–1.7 × 0.9–1.2 cm. Sta- 9. Amygdalus davidiana (Carriére) de Vos ex L. Henry, Rev.
mens 20–30; anthers purplish red. Ovary pubescent. Style near- Hort. 1902: 290. 1902.
ly as long as stamens. Drupe color varies from greenish white
to orangish yellow, usually with a red tinge on exposed side, 山桃 shan tao
ovoid, broadly ellipsoid, or compressed globose, (3–)5–7(–12) Trees to 10 m tall, crown ± spreading. Bark dark purplish
cm in diam. and usually nearly as long, densely pubescent, very red, smooth. Branchlets brown with age, slender, erect, gla-
rarely glabrous, ventral suture conspicuous; mesocarp white, brous when young. Winter buds reddish brown, ovoid, 2–5 mm,
greenish white, yellow, orangish yellow, or red, succulent, glabrous, apex acute. Petiole 1–2 cm, glabrous, usually with
sweet to sour-sweet, fragrant; endocarp large, ellipsoid to sub- nectaries; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, 5–13 × 1.5–4 cm, both
orbicular, compressed on both sides, surface longitudinally and surfaces glabrous, base cuneate to rounded, margin acutely or
transversely furrowed and pitted, free from mesocarp or com- obtusely serrate, apex acuminate. Flowers solitary, opening be-
pactly adnate to it, apex acuminate. Seed bitter, rarely sweet. Fl. fore leaves, 2–3 cm in diam. Pedicel very short to flower sub-
Mar–Apr, fr. Aug–Sep. sessile. Hypanthium campanulate, outside glabrous. Sepals
 ROSACEAE

ovate to ovate-oblong, purplish red, nearly as long as hypan- brous, apex ± obtuse. Petiole 5–10 mm, glabrous, usually with-
thium, outside glabrous, apex obtuse. Petals pink, obovate to out nectaries; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 5–12 ×
suborbicular, 1–1.5 × 0.8–1.2 cm, apex obtuse or rarely emar- 1.5–3.5 cm, broadest basally from middle, abaxially pubescent
ginate. Stamens many, nearly as long as petals. Ovary pubes- on midvein near base or glabrous, adaxially glabrous, base
cent. Style longer than or ± as long as stamens. Drupe yel- broadly cuneate, margin sparsely thinly serrate with teeth
lowish, globose, subglobose, ellipsoid, or oblong, 2.5–3.5 cm in gland-tipped or not, apex acuminate. Flowers solitary, opening
diam., densely pubescent; mesocarp thin, dry, not splitting before leaves, 2–3 cm in diam. Pedicel very short to nearly
when ripe; endocarp globose, subglobose, ellipsoid, or oblong, absent, 4–5 mm in fruit. Hypanthium campanulate, outside pu-
not compressed on both sides, surface longitudinally and trans- bescent or rarely subglabrous. Sepals ovate to ovate-oblong,
versely furrowed and pitted, separating from mesocarp, base shorter than hypanthium, outside pubescent or rarely subgla-
truncate, apex obtuse. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Jul–Aug.
brous, apex obtuse. Petals white or pinkish, suborbicular to
● Forests, thickets, slopes, mountain valleys, waste fields; 800– broadly obovate, base tapering into claws, margin sometimes
3200 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, undulate or shallowly incised, apex obtuse. Stamens 20–30, un-
Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan. equal in length, shorter than petals. Ovary pubescent. Style
1a. Leaf blade base cuneate, margin acutely longer than stamens. Drupe yellowish, ovoid-globose to subglo-
serrate; drupe and endocarp subglobose bose, ca. 2 cm in diam., densely pubescent; mesocarp fleshy,
to globose ............................................... 9a. var. davidiana not splitting at maturity; endocarp subglobose, compressed, on
1b. Leaf blade base broadly cuneate to both sides, surface longitudinally and transversely shallowly
rounded, margin obtusely serrate; drupe furrowed but not pitted, base subtruncate and symmetric, apex
and endocarp ellipsoid to oblong ............ 9b. var. potaninii obtuse. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Aug–Sep.
● Mountain areas; 1000–2300 m. Gansu, Hubei, Qinghai, Shaan-
9a. Amygdalus davidiana var. davidiana
xi, Sichuan.
山桃(原变种) shan tao (yuan bian zhong)
11. Amygdalus mira (Koehne) Ricker, Bull. Biol. Soc. Wash.
Persica davidiana Carriére, Rev. Hort. 1872: 74. 1872; 30: 17. 1917.
Prunus davidiana (Carriére) Franchet; P. persica (Linnaeus)
光核桃 guang he tao
Batsch var. davidiana (Carriére) Maximowicz.
Prunus mira Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 272. 1912;
Leaf blade base cuneate, margin acutely serrate. Drupe
Persica mira (Koehne) Kovalev & Kostina.
and endocarp subglobose to globose.
Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets green when young, grayish
● Forests, thickets, slopes, mountain valleys, waste fields; 800–
3200 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, brown with age, slender, spreading, glabrous, with purplish
Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan. brown small lenticels. Winter buds purplish brown, ovoid, 3–6
mm, glabrous, apex acute. Petiole 0.8–1.5 cm, glabrous, often
9b. Amygdalus davidiana var. potaninii (Batalin) T. T. Yu & with flattened purplish red nectaries; leaf blade lanceolate to
L. T. Lu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 22. 1986. ovate-lanceolate, 5–11 × 1.5–4 cm, abaxially pubescent along
陕甘山桃 shan gan shan tao midvein, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate to subround-
ed, margin shallowly crenate but entire near apex and teeth
Prunus persica (Linnaeus) Batsch var. potaninii Batalin, usually gland-tipped, apex acuminate. Flowers solitary, opening
Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk Bot. Sada 12: 164. 1892; Amygdalus before leaves, 2.2–3 cm in diam. Pedicel 1–3 mm, 4–5 mm in
persica Linnaeus var. potaninii (Batalin) Ricker; Persica fruit, glabrous. Hypanthium campanulate, purplish brown, out-
potaninii (Batalin) Kovalev & Kostina; Prunus davidiana side glabrous. Sepals ovate to narrowly ovate, purplish green,
(Carriére) Franchet var. potaninii (Batalin) Rehder. outside glabrous or slightly villous along margin, apex obtuse.
Leaf blade base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin ob- Petals pink, broadly obovate, 1–1.5 cm, apex emarginate. Sta-
tusely serrate. Drupe and endocarp ellipsoid to oblong. mens many, much shorter than petals. Ovary densely pubes-
cent. Style longer than or ± as long as stamens. Drupe sub-
● Sparse forests, thickets on slopes; 900–2000 m. Gansu, Shaanxi,
globose, ca. 3 cm in diam., densely pubescent; mesocarp
Shanxi.
fleshy, not splitting when ripe; endocarp compressed ovoid-
10. Amygdalus kansuensis (Rehder) Skeels, Proc. Biol. Soc. globose, ca. 2 cm, slightly flattened on both sides, surface
Wash. 38: 87. 1925. smooth and with few longitudinal shallow furrows only on
dorsal and ventral sides, base subtruncate and slightly asym-
甘肃桃 gan su tao
metric, apex acute. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Aug–Sep.
Prunus kansuensis Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 3: 21. 1921;
Slopes in mixed forests, mountain valleys, ravines; 2000–4000 m.
Persica kansuensis (Rehder) Kovalev & Kostina. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Russia].
Trees or shrubs, 3–7 m tall. Branchlets greenish brown, This species is cultivated for its fruit and seeds. It is often uncer-
later reddish brown on exposed side, slender, glabrous, with tain whether collections are wild, cultivated, or escaped from cultiva-
indistinct small lenticels. Winter buds ovoid to long ovoid, gla- tion.
 ROSACEAE

49. ARMENIACA Scopoli, Meth. Pl. 15. 1754.

杏属 xing shu
Lu Lingdi (陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti); Bruce Bartholomew
Trees, rarely shrubs, deciduous. Branches unarmed, rarely spiny. Axillary winter bud solitary; terminal winter bud absent.
Stipules present. Leaves simple, alternate, convolute when young; petioles usually with 2 nectaries; leaf blade margin singly or
doubly serrate. Inflorescences apparently axillary, 1–3-flowered. Flowers bisexual, regular, solitary or to 3 in a fascicle, opening be-
fore leaves or rarely with leaves. Pedicel nearly absent to very short, rarely longer. Hypanthium caducous in fruit. Sepals 5, imbri-
cate. Petals 5, inserted on mouth of hypanthium, imbricate. Stamens 15–45, perigynous; filaments free, filiform. Carpel 1(or 2);
ovary superior, hairy, 1-loculed; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Style terminal, elongated. Fruit a drupe, ± laterally compressed,
hairy, rarely glabrous, with a conspicuous longitudinal groove; mesocarp succulent or fleshy, not splitting when ripe, rarely dry and
splitting when ripe; endocarp hard, 2-valved, compressed on both sides, surface smooth, scabrous, or reticulate, rarely pitted, separ-
ating from or adnate to mesocarp. Seeds bitter or sweet.
About 11 species: E to SW Asia; ten species (five endemic) in China.

Armeniaca is widespread in China and is especially common in N China, but its distribution center is the middle and lower reaches of the Huang
He. Many species and varieties are cultivated for their edible fruit and a few for their edible seeds. Many species are also grown as ornamentals. The
seeds are sweet or bitter and are rich in oil and protein. Seeds are used as food or medicine and the oil is used in light industry. The high quality wood
is also used commercially.

1a. First year’s branchlets green ............................................................................................................................................. 10. A. mume

1b. First year’s branchlets grayish brown to reddish brown.
2a. Leaf blade margin biserrate .............................................................................................................................. 9. A. mandshurica
2b. Leaf blade margin not biserrate.
3a. Drupe dark purplish red ................................................................................................................................. 8. A. dasycarpa
3b. Drupe yellow to yellowish red, rarely white, with or without a red tinge.
4a. Leaf blade usually glabrous on both surfaces, rarely abaxially pubescent in vein axils (sometimes
adaxially white pubescent in A. vulgaris).
5a. Petiole 1.8–2.1 cm; leaf blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic; sepals not reflexed ................................. 2. A. limeixing
5b. Petiole 2–3.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, suborbicular, or suborbicular-ovate; sepals apically recurved or
reflexed.
6a. Trees 5–8(–12) m tall; mesocarp succulent, not splitting when ripe ............................................ 1. A. vulgaris
6b. Shrubs or trees 2–5 m tall; mesocarp dry, splitting when ripe ....................................................... 3. A. sibirica
4b. Leaf blade pubescent on both surfaces, somewhat glabrescent (often adaxially glabrous in A.
hypotrichodes).
7a. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic-ovate, pubescent abaxially; fruiting pedicel 4–7 mm ........................ 4. A. holosericea
7b. Leaf blade elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate (sometimes elliptic-ovate in A. hongpingensis),
densely villous abaxially; fruiting pedicel more than 7 mm.
8a. Leaf blade lanceolate, adaxially usually glabrous, apex acute; sepal margin
ciliate-glandular .................................................................................................................... 7. A. hypotrichodes
8b. Leaf blade elliptic to oblong, adaxially sparsely pubescent to pilose, apex acuminate
to caudate; sepal margin not ciliate-glandular.
9a. Petioles densely pubescent; leaf blade elliptic to elliptic-ovate, densely yellowish
brown villous abaxially, base rounded; endocarp ellipsoid, pitted .............................. 5. A. hongpingensis
9b. Petioles glabrous; leaf blade elliptic to oblong, densely grayish villous abaxially,
base truncate, rarely rounded; endocarp narrowly ellipsoid, scabrous, shallowly
reticulate, not pitted ........................................................................................................ 6. A. zhengheensis
1. Armeniaca vulgaris Lamarck, Encycl. 1: 2. 1783. surfaces glabrous, abaxially pubescent in vein axils, or adax-
ially white pubescent, base cuneate, broadly cuneate, rounded,
杏 xing
or subcordate and with several nectaries, margin crenate, apex
Trees 5–8(–12) m tall, crown spherical, spherical-flatten- acute to shortly acuminate. Flowers solitary or occasionally
ed, or elongated oblong. Bark grayish brown, longitudinally paired, opening before leaves, 2–4.5 cm in diam. Pedicel 1–3
splitting. Older branchlets brownish, glabrous, transversely len- mm, pubescent. Hypanthium purplish green, shortly cylindrical,
ticellate; young branchlets reddish brown, with many pale len- 5–7 × 3–4 mm, outside pubescent near base. Sepals purplish
ticels. Winter buds purplish red, ovoid, 2–4 mm, glabrous or green, ovate to ovate-oblong, 3–5 mm, reflexed after anthesis,
puberulous at scale margins, apex obtuse. Petiole 2–3.5 cm, apex acute to rarely obtuse. Petals white, pink, or tinged with
glabrous or white pubescent, basally usually with 1–6 nectaries; red, orbicular to obovate, 0.8–1.2 cm and ± as broad, margin
leaf blade broadly ovate to orbicular-ovate, 5–9 × 4–8 cm, both shortly unguiculate, apex rounded. Stamens 20–100, slightly
 ROSACEAE

shorter than petals; filaments white; anthers yellow. Ovary Pure stands of Armeniaca vulgaris var. vulgaris occur in the Ili
pubescent. Style slightly longer than or nearly as long as sta- prefecture of Xinjiang.
mens, basally pubescent. Drupe white, yellow, orange, often 1b. Armeniaca vulgaris var. zhidanensis (C. Z. Qiao & Y. P.
tinged red, globose, ovoid, or rarely obovoid, 1.5 to more than Zhu) L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 281. 2000.
2.5 cm in diam., usually pubescent, glaucous or not; mesocarp
志丹杏 zhi dan xing
succulent, not splitting when ripe; endocarp globose, ovoid, or
ellipsoid, compressed laterally, often obtuse at ventral suture Armeniaca zhidanensis C. Z. Qiao & Y. P. Zhu, Acta Phy-
and more straight at dorsal suture, with keel-like ribs on totax. Sin. 31: 188. 1993.
ventral side, surface scabrous or smooth, base symmetric or Petiole white pubescent; leaf base rounded to subcordate,
rarely asymmetric, apex obtuse to ± rounded. Seed bitter or adaxially white pubescent. Flowers solitary. Drupe 1.5–2 cm in
sweet. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Jun–Jul. diam.; endocarp surface smooth, base asymmetric.
Sparse forests on mountain slopes, slopes, gullies, also cultivated;
● Cultivated or wild. Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi.
sea level to 3000 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Nei
Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, 1c. Armeniaca vulgaris var. ansu (Maximowicz) T. T. Yu &
Xinjiang [Japan, Korea; C Asia]. L. T. Lu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 26. 1986.
Apricots are cultivated for their edible fruit throughout China and 野杏 ye xing
in most temperate parts of the world. The seeds are also edible and used
medicinally. Because of its long history of cultivation in China, it is Prunus armeniaca Linnaeus var. ansu Maximowicz, Bull.
difficult to know for certain whether specific collections are really wild Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 29: 87. 1884; Armeniaca
or escaped from cultivation, but probably the species originated in C ansu (Maximowicz) Kostina; P. ansu (Maximowicz) Komarov.
Asia.
Leaf base cuneate to broadly cuneate. Flowers usually 2.
1a. Petiole and leaf blade yellowish brown
Petals pink. Endocarp surface scabrous and reticulate.
pubescent ......................................... 1e. var. xiongyueensis
1b. Petiole and leaf blade glabrous or Slopes, gullies, also cultivated; 1000–1500 m. Gansu, Hebei, He-
sparsely white pubescent. nan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shan-
2a. Flowers double, ca. 4–4.5 cm in dong, Shanxi, Sichuan [Japan, Korea].
diam.; stamens ca. 100 ............. 1d. var. meixianensis 1d. Armeniaca vulgaris var. meixianensis J. Y. Zhang et al.,
2b. Flowers single, 2–3 cm in diam.; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 9(3): 66. 1989.
stamens 20–50.
3a. Leaf base cuneate to broadly cuneate; 陕梅杏 shan mei xing
flowers usually 2; petals pink; Flowers double, 4–4.5 cm in diam. Petals to 70. Stamens
endocarp surface reticulate ............. 1c. var. ansu ca. 100.
3b. Leaf base rounded to subcordate;
flowers usually solitary; petals white ● About 700 m. WC Shaanxi (Mei Xian).
or tinged with red; endocarp surface 1e. Armeniaca vulgaris var. xiongyueensis T. Z. Li et al.,
not reticulate. Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 9(3): 65. 1989.
4a. Petioles and adaxial surface of
leaf blades glabrous; drupe more 熊岳杏 xiong yue xing
than 2.5 cm in diam.; endocarp
Petiole and leaf blade yellowish brown pubescent.
surface scabrous or smooth,
base symmetric or rarely ● Cultivated or wild; near sea level. S Liaoning (Xiongyue).
asymmetric ....................... 1a. var. vulgaris 2. Armeniaca limeixing J. Y. Zhang & Z. M. Wang, Acta
4b. Petioles and adaxial surfaces Phytotax. Sin. 37: 3. 1999.
of leaf blades white pubescent;
drupe 1.5–2 cm in diam.; 李梅杏 li mei xing
endocarp surface smooth, Trees 3–4 m tall, spreading. Trunk scabrous, bark grayish
base asymmetric ......... 1b. var. zhidanensis brown. Perennial branches grayish brown; previous year’s
1a. Armeniaca vulgaris var. vulgaris branches yellowish brown on exposed side, green to reddish
brown on adaxial side, glabrous, with sparse flattened orbicular
杏(原变种) xing (yuan bian zhong) lenticels. Petiole 1.8–2.1 cm, glabrous, with 2–4 nectaries; leaf
Prunus armeniaca Linnaeus; P. tiliifolia Salisbury. blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 6–7 × 3–4 cm, both surfaces
glabrous or abaxially pubescent in vein axils, base cuneate,
Petiole glabrous; leaf base rounded to subcordate, both margin shallowly obtusely dentate, apex acuminate to caudate;
surfaces sparsely pubescent or adaxially glabrous. Flowers soli- midvein yellowish white. Flowers solitary to 3 in clusters,
tary. Drupe more than 2.5 cm in diam.; endocarp surface sca- opening before or at same time as leaves, 1.5–2.5 cm in diam.,
brous or smooth, base usually symmetric or rarely asymmetric. slightly fragrant. Pedicel 3–8 mm, 4–12 mm in fruit, glabrous
Sparse forests on mountain slopes, also cultivated; 700–3000 m. or rarely pubescent. Hypanthium yellowish green to reddish
Gansu, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang [C Asia]. brown, campanulate, outside glabrous. Sepals green, rarely
 ROSACEAE

brown, ligulate to broadly ligulate, not reflexed after anthesis, 3b. Petioles and leaf blades pubescent
outside glabrous, margin serrate. Petals 5(–8), white, subor- ........................................................ 3d. var. pleniflora
bicular to elliptic, 8–10 × 7–8 mm, base shortly clawed, margin
3a. Armeniaca sibirica var. sibirica
undulate, apex emarginate. Stamens 24–30, shorter than pistil;
anthers yellowish. Carpel 1(or 2); ovary and base of style pu- 山杏(原变种) shan xing (yuan bian zhong)
bescent. Drupe yellowish white, orangish yellow, or yellowish
Prunus sibirica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 474. 1753; Prunus
red, subglobose to ovoid-globose, pubescent, not glaucous, with
armeniaca Linnaeus var. sibirica (Linnaeus) K. Koch.
a deep suture; mesocarp yellow to orangish yellow, succulent,
sweet-sour, fragrant, adnate to endocarp; endocarp compressed Flowers single. Petioles, leaf blades, and pedicels often
globose, ventral ribs obtuse, dorsal ribs acute, lateral ribs nearly glabrous.
absent, surface shallowly reticulate, base longitudinally shal- Forests, thickets, hill grasslands, dry sunny slopes; 700–2000 m.
lowly furrowed, apex obtuse to acute. Seed bitter. Fl. Apr–May, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ning-
fr. Jun–Jul. xia, Shanxi [Mongolia, Russia].
● Cultivated. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, N Jiangsu, Jilin, Liao- 3b. Armeniaca sibirica var. pubescens Kostina, Trudy Prikl.
ning, Shaanxi, Shandong. Bot., Ser. 8, Plodovolye Yagodnye Kul’t 4: 28. 1935.
This species is cultivated for its fruit and is unknown in the wild. 毛杏 mao xing
3. Armeniaca sibirica (Linnaeus) Lamarck, Encycl. 1: 3. 1783. Prunus sibirica Linnaeus var. pubescens (Kostina) Nakai.
山杏 shan xing Flowers single. Petioles, leaf blades, and pedicels pubes-
Shrubs or trees, 2–5 m tall. Bark dark gray. Branches cent but with age leaf blade only abaxially sparsely pubescent
spreading; branchlets grayish brown to reddish brown, sparsely along veins.
pubescent when young, glabrescent. Winter buds reddish Sunny slopes in mixed forests, thickets, river valleys, grasslands;
brown, ovoid to conical, 2–4 mm; scale margins pubescent. 1200–2500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi [Korea].
Petiole 2–3.5 cm, glabrous or pubescent when young, with or 3c. Armeniaca sibirica var. multipetala G. S. Liu & L. B.
without small nectaries; leaf blade ovate to suborbicular, (3–)5– Zhang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 394. 1989.
10 × (2.5–)4–7 cm, both surfaces glabrous, pubescent, or abax-
ially pubescent in vein axils, base rounded to subcordate, mar- 重瓣山杏 chong ban shan xing
gin obtusely minutely serrate, apex long acuminate to caudate. Flowers double. Petioles and leaf blades glabrous.
Flowers solitary, opening before leaves, 1.5–3.5 cm in diam.
Pedicel 1–2 mm. Hypanthium purplish red outside, campanu- ● Slopes; ca. 400 m. E Hebei (Qinglong Xian).
late, outside basally glabrous or slightly pubescent. Sepals 3d. Armeniaca sibirica var. pleniflora J. Y. Zhang et al., Bull.
oblong-elliptic, recurved at anthesis, apex acute to shortly Bot. Res., Harbin 9(3): 65. 1989.
acuminate. Petals white with pink veins or pinkish, suborbicular
辽梅杏 liao mei xing
to obovate. Stamens nearly as long as petals. Ovary pubescent.
Drupe yellow to orangish red, sometimes tinged red, com- Flowers double. Petioles and leaf blades pubescent.
pressed globose, 1.5–2.5 cm and as broad, pubescent, glaucous ● Mountainous areas; ca. 800 m. W Liaoning (Beipiao Xian).
or not; mesocarp 2.5–3 mm thick, dry and compact, bitter, in-
edible, readily separating from endocarp and splitting along 4. Armeniaca holosericea (Batalin) Kostina, Trudy Prikl. Bot.,
ventral suture at maturity; endocarp laterally compressed glo- Ser. 8, Plodovolye Yagodnye Kul’t 4: 28. 1935.
bose, 1.2–2.2 cm and nearly as broad, central rib of ventral su- 藏杏 zang xing
ture acute and winged, dorsal rib more obtuse, surface more
smooth, base asymmetric, apex obtuse. Seed ± bitter. Fl. Mar– Prunus armeniaca Linnaeus var. holosericea Batalin,
Apr, fr. Jun–Jul. Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk Bot. Sada 14: 167. 1895.

Forests, thickets, mountainous areas, hill grasslands, slopes, river Trees 4–5 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown to grayish
valleys, dry sunny slopes; 400–2500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, brown, pubescent when young, gradually glabrescent. Winter
Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi [Korea, buds brown, ovoid. Petiole 1.5–2 cm, pubescent, usually with
Mongolia, Russia]. nectaries; leaf blade ovate to elliptic-ovate, 4–6 × 3–5 cm, both
1a. Flowers single, 1.5–2 cm in diam. surfaces pubescent when young but glabrescent, base rounded
2a. Petioles, leaf blades, and pedicels to subcordate, margin minutely serrate, apex acuminate. Flow-
usually glabrous ................................. 3a. var. sibirica ers unknown. Fruiting pedicel 4–7 mm. Drupe ovoid-globose to
2b. Petioles, leaf blades, and pedicels ovoid-ellipsoid, 2–3 cm in diam., densely pubescent; mesocarp
pubescent but with age leaf blade slightly fleshy, not splitting when ripe; endocarp ovoid-ellipsoid
only abaxially sparsely pubescent to ellipsoid, compressed laterally, ventral rib somewhat obtuse,
along veins .................................... 3b. var. pubescens surface rugose, base subsymmetric to slightly asymmetric, apex
1b. Flowers double, 3–3.5 cm in diam. acute. Fr. Jun–Jul.
3a. Petioles and leaf blades glabrous ● Thickets, sunny slopes, dry river valleys; 700–3300 m. Qinghai,
....................................................... 3c. var. multipetala Shaanxi, Sichuan, SE Xizang.
 ROSACEAE

5. Armeniaca hongpingensis C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: Shrubs to 3 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, dark brown initi-
209. 1985. ally, later brownish gray. Winter buds ovoid, brown; scales or-
bicular, imbricate, margin pilose. Stipules small, lanceolate,
洪平杏 hong ping xing
caducous, margin glandular denticulate. Petiole 1–1.5 cm,
Armeniaca holosericea (Batalin) Kostina var. xupuensis T. usually glabrous, with 1–3 nectaries; leaf blade lanceolate, 5–12
Z. Li. × 1.5–4 cm, broadest near middle, abaxially brownish villous,
adaxially glabrous or rarely pilose on veins, base narrowly sub-
Trees to 10 m tall. Bark grayish brown, irregularly shal-
rounded, margin irregularly minutely gland-tipped serrate, apex
lowly splitting. Branchlets pale brown to reddish brown, glabre-
acute. Flowers solitary, opening slightly before or with leaves,
scent. Winter buds small, ovoid. Petiole 1.5–2 cm, densely
ca. 3 cm in diam. Pedicel 7–10 mm, glabrous. Hypanthium
pubescent; leaf blade elliptic to elliptic-ovate, 6–10 × 2.5–5 cm,
subcampanulate to obconic, outside glabrous. Sepals ligulate,
abaxially densely yellowish brown villous, adaxially sparsely
shorter than hypanthium, reflexed, outside glabrous, margin
pubescent, base rounded, margin densely acutely serrulate, apex
ciliate glandular. Petals white, long obovate, 1.2–1.5 × 0.8–0.9
narrowly acuminate to caudate. Flowers unknown. Fruiting
cm, base shortly and broadly unguiculate, margin entire, apex
pedicel 7–10 mm. Drupe subglobose, 3.5–4 × 3–3.5 cm, dense-
obtuse. Stamens ca. 30, arranged in several whorls, outer ones
ly yellowish brown pubescent; mesocarp edible; endocarp ellip-
nearly as long as petals, inner ones shorter than petals; filaments
soid, compressed on both sides, ventral rib obtuse, longitu-
slender, glabrous; anthers small, orbicular. Ovary densely vil-
dinally furrowed on ventral side, surface pitted, base subsym-
lous. Style slender, slightly longer than or nearly as long as sta-
metric, apex acute. Fr. Jun–Jul.
mens, basally hirsute; stigma dilated. Drupe unknown. Fl. Mar–
● Along trails, sometimes cultivated in villages; 200–1800 m. W Apr.
Hubei, W Hunan (Xupu Xian).
● Calcareous mountain areas; ca. 1400 m. Chongqing (Chengkou
This species is cultivated for its edible fruit. Xian).
6. Armeniaca zhengheensis J. Y. Zhang & M. N. Lu, Acta 8. Armeniaca dasycarpa (Ehrhart) Borkhausen, Arch. Bot.
Phytotax. Sin. 37: 105. 1999. (Leipzig) 1(2): 37. 1797.
政和杏 zheng he xing
紫杏 zi xing
Trees 35–40 m tall, erect. Bark dark brown, somewhat
smooth, flaking into pieces. Older branchlets grayish brown; Prunus dasycarpa Ehrhart, Beitr. Naturk. 6: 90. 1791;
younger branchlets reddish brown, smooth, pubescent, with Armeniaca atropurpurea Loiseleur-Deslongchamps; A. dasy-
dense and transverse lenticels; new shoots reddish brown on carpa (Ehrhart) Persoon; A. fusca Turpin & Poiteau; Prunus
exposed side, green on opposite side. Petiole red, 1.3–1.5 cm, armeniaca Linnaeus var. dasycarpa (Ehrhart) K. Koch.
usually glabrous, with 2–4(–6) nectaries apically from middle; Trees 4–7 m tall. Branchlets many, purplish red, somewhat
leaf blade elliptic to oblong, 7.5–15 × 3.5–4.5 cm, abaxially thin, smooth and glabrous when young. Petiole thin, short, with
densely grayish villous, adaxially green and pilose on veins, or without small nectaries; leaf blade ovate to elliptic-ovate, 4–
base mostly truncate to rarely rounded, margin irregularly 7 × 2.5–5 cm, abaxially pubescent along veins or in vein axils,
minutely gland-tipped serrate, apex acuminate to long caudate; adaxially dark green and glabrous, base cuneate to subrounded,
midvein adaxially red or sometimes white. Flowers usually
margin irregularly densely minutely crenate, apex shortly acu-
solitary, opening before leaves, ca. 3 cm in diam. Pedicel yel-
minate. Flowers usually solitary (or 2), opening before leaves,
lowish green, 3–4 mm, glabrous. Hypanthium basally green,
ca. 2 cm in diam. Pedicel 4–7 mm, 7–12 mm in fruit, thinly
apically reddish, campanulate, outside glabrous. Sepals purplish
pubescent. Hypanthium reddish brown, campanulate, outside
red, ligulate, reflexed after anthesis, outside glabrous. Petals
subglabrous. Sepals reddish brown, suborbicular to broadly ob-
white, elliptic, 1.3–1.5 × 0.8–0.9 cm, base shortly unguiculate,
long, subglabrous, apex obtuse. Petals white or with pink spots,
apex obtuse. Stamens 25–30, longer than petals. Drupe yellow,
tinged red on exposed side, ovoid-globose, slightly pubescent; broadly obovate to spatulate, to 1 cm. Stamens many, nearly as
mesocarp succulent, sweet, adnate to endocarp and not splitting long as petals. Ovary thinly pubescent. Drupe dark purplish red,
along suture when ripe; endocarp yellowish brown, narrowly subglobose, ca. 3 cm in diam., thinly pubescent, glaucous;
ellipsoid, compressed laterally, 2–2.5 cm, ventral and dorsal mesocarp succulent, sour, adnate to endocarp; endocarp ovoid
ribs obtuse, rarely without lateral ribs, with a deep furrow run- to ellipsoid-ovoid, compressed laterally, ventral and dorsal ribs
ning from apex to base, surface scabrous and shallowly reticu- slightly obtuse, surface longitudinally furrowed and coarsely
late but not pitted, base symmetric, apex obtuse. Seed com- scabrous or slightly pitted, base subsymmetric, apex acute. Seed
pressed ellipsoid, bitter. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Jun–Jul. bitter, rarely sweet. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul.
● Mountain regions; 700–1000 m. N Fujian (Zhenghe Xian). Cultivated. Xinjiang [Kashmir, Russia; SW Asia].

7. Armeniaca hypotrichodes (Cardot) L. C. Li & S. Y. Jiang, This species is cultivated for its edible fruit and seeds and is un-
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36: 367. 1998. known in the wild.

背毛杏 bei mao xing 9. Armeniaca mandshurica (Maximowicz) Skvortzov, Trudy

Prikl. Bot. 22: 223. 1929.
Prunus hypotrichodes Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 4(1): 27.
1920. 东北杏 dong bei xing
 ROSACEAE

Trees 5–15 m tall. Bark dark gray, deeply splitting. 10. Armeniaca mume Siebold, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kun-
Branchlets reddish brown to greenish, glabrous. Winter buds sten 12(1): 69. 1830.
purplish brown, ovoid, 2–4 mm, apex obtuse; scale margins
梅 mei
glabrous or puberulous. Petiole 1.5–3 cm, puberulous, often
with 2 nectaries; leaf blade broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, 5– Trees, rarely shrubs, 4–10 m tall. Bark grayish to tinged
12(–15) × 3–6(–8) cm, both surfaces glabrous or pubescent but with green, smooth. First year’s branchlets green, smooth, gla-
gradually glabrescent and only abaxially pubescent in vein axils brous or densely incanous. Winter buds purplish brown, ovoid,
with age, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or sometimes cordate, 3–6 mm, glabrous, apex acute. Petiole 1–2 cm, densely in-
margin irregularly acutely elongately biserrate, apex acuminate canous or pubescent when young, often with nectaries; leaf
to caudate. Flowers solitary, opening before leaves, 2–3 cm in blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, elliptic, obovate, or obovate-oblan-
diam. Pedicel 7–10 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent when ceolate, 4–8 × 2.5–5 cm, grayish green, both surfaces pubescent
young. Hypanthium reddish brown, campanulate, outside usu- when young, gradually glabrescent or only abaxially pubescent
ally glabrous. Sepals reddish brown, oblong to elliptic-oblong, in vein axils with age, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin
outside usually glabrous, margin inconspicuously minutely ser- usually acutely serrulate, apex caudate. Flowers solitary or 2 in
rate, apex obtuse to acute. Petals pink or white, broadly obovate a fascicle, opening before leaves, 2–2.5 cm in diam., strongly
to suborbicular. Stamens many, slightly longer than or nearly as fragrant. Pedicel 1–10 mm, glabrous. Hypanthium usually red-
long as petals. Ovary densely pubescent. Drupe yellow, some- dish brown but green to greenish purple for some cultivated
times white tinged red or with reddish spots on exposed side, varieties, broadly campanulate, 2.5–4 mm, outside glabrous or
subglobose, 1.5–2.6 cm in diam., pubescent; mesocarp sometimes pubescent. Sepals ovate to suborbicular, 3–5 mm,
slightly fleshy to dry, sour or somewhat bitter, edible in large- apex obtuse. Petals white or pink, obovate, 0.9–1.4 × 0.8–1.2
fruited forms, fragrant; endocarp subglobose to broadly ellip- cm. Stamens shorter to slightly longer than petals. Ovary dense-
soid, compressed laterally, 1.3–1.8 × 1.1–1.8 cm, ventral suture ly pubescent. Style shorter to slightly longer than stamens.
smooth, with obtuse median rib, lateral ribs not developed, Drupe yellow to greenish white, subglobose, 2–3 cm in diam.,
dorsal rib suborbicular, surface slightly rugose, base subsym- pubescent; mesocarp sour, adnate to endocarp; endocarp ellip-
metric, apex obtuse to mucronate. Seed bitter, rarely sweet. Fl. soid to subglobose, slightly compressed on both sides, ventral
Apr–May, fr. May–Jul. suture somewhat obtuse, distinctly longitudinally furrowed on
ventral and dorsal sides, surface pitted, base cuneate, obtuse, or
Mixed forests, thickets, mountain regions, open sunny slopes; rounded, apex obtuse and abruptly mucronulate. Fl. winter–
200–1000 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Korea, E Russia]. spring, fr. May–Jun (or Jul–Aug in N China).
The wood is very hard. Forested slopes, sparse forests, stream sides, slopes along trails,
1a. Leaf blade pubescent on both surfaces mountains, also commonly cultivated; below 3100 m. Native in W Si-
chuan and W Yunnan, perhaps also in N Taiwan; cultivated throughout
when young, gradually glabrescent and
most of China particularly in areas S of the Chang Jiang [Japan, Korea,
only abaxially pubescent in vein axils N Laos, N Vietnam].
with age ............................................. 9a. var. mandshurica
1b. Leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces ......... 9b. var. glabra In addition to the varieties listed below, there are many cultivated
varieties selected for their flowers or fruit.
9a. Armeniaca mandshurica var. mandshurica
1a. Branchlets and petioles densely
东北杏(原变种) dong bei xing (yuan bian zhong) incanous ............................................ 10d. var. pubicaulina
1b. Branchlets glabrous, petioles pubescent
Prunus armeniaca Linnaeus var. mandshurica Maxi-
when young but glabrescent.
mowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 29: 87. 1884;
2a. Leaf blade obovate to obovate-
P. mandshurica (Maximowicz) Koehne.
oblanceolate; pedicel to 1 cm ........... 10c. var. cernua
Leaf blade pubescent on both surfaces when young, grad- 2b. Leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or
ually glabrescent and only abaxially pubescent in vein axils elliptic; pedicel usually not over 0.5 cm.
with age. 3a. Leaf blade thin; endocarp
ellipsoid, base cuneate ............... 10a. var. mume
Mixed forests, thickets, open sunny slopes; 400–1000 m. Jilin,
Liaoning [N Korea, E Russia].
3b. Leaf blade thick; endocarp
subglobose, base obtuse to
9b. Armeniaca mandshurica var. glabra (Nakai) T. T. Yu & rounded ............................... 10b. var. pallescens
L. T. Lu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 31. 1986.
10a. Armeniaca mume var. mume
光叶东北杏 guang ye dong bei xing
梅(原变种) mei (yuan bian zhong)
Prunus mandshurica (Maximowicz) Koehne var. glabra
Prunus anomala Koehne; P. mume (Siebold) Siebold &
Nakai, J. Jap. Bot. 15: 679. 1939.
Zuccarini; P. mume var. formosana Masamune; P. mume var.
Leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces. tonsa Rehder.
Mountain regions; 200–400 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning Leaf blade ovate to elliptic, thin. Pedicel short, 1–3 mm.
[Korea]. Endocarp ellipsoid, base cuneate.
 ROSACEAE

Commonly cultivated throughout most of China particularly in 10c. Armeniaca mume var. cernua (Franchet) T. T. Yu & L.
areas S of the Chang Jiang; perhaps native in N Taiwan [native to Japan T. Lu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 32. 1986.
and Korea].
长梗梅 chang geng mei
This variety is cultivated for both its edible fruit and as an orna-
mental, but is unknown in the wild in China except perhaps for plants in Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zuccarini var. cernua
N Taiwan that have been called Prunus mume var. formosana (Masa-
Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 198. 1890.
mune, Annual Rep. Taihoku Bot. Gard. 2: 137. 1932).
10b. Armeniaca mume var. pallescens (Franchet) T. T. Yu & Leaf blade obovate to obovate-oblanceolate. Pedicel to 1
L. T. Lu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 32. 1986. cm.

厚叶梅 hou ye mei Sparse forests, slopes along trails, stream sides; 1900–2600 m. W
Yunnan [N Laos, N Vietnam].
Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zuccarini var. palle-
scens Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 197. 1890. 10d. Armeniaca mume var. pubicaulina C. Z. Qiao & H. M.
Shen, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 14: 150. 1994.
Leaf blade ovate to ovate-elliptic, thick, subleathery. Pedi-
cel not over 5 mm. Endocarp subglobose, base obtuse to round- 毛茎梅 mao jing mei
ed.
Branchlets and petioles densely incanous.
● Forested slopes, stream sides; 1700–3100 m. W Sichuan, W
Yunnan. ● Mountains; ca. 2500 m. W Yunnan (Yunlong Xian).

50. PRUNUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 473. 1753.

李属 li shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Bruce Bartholomew
Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Branchlets sometimes spine-tipped. Axillary winter bud solitary, ovoid; terminal winter bud absent.
Stipules membranous, soon caducous. Leaves simple, alternate, convolute [or conduplicate] when young; petiolate or sessile; petiole
apex or base of leaf blade margin with or without nectaries; leaf blade margin variously crenate or coarsely serrate. Inflorescences
apparently axillary, solitary or to 3-flowered in a fascicle; bracts small, soon caducous. Flowers opening before or at same time as
leaves. Hypanthium campanulate. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, white, sometimes purple-veined, rarely greenish, inserted on rim of
hypanthium, imbricate. Stamens 20–30, in 2 whorls; filaments unequal. Carpel 1; ovary superior, 1-loculed, glabrous or sometimes
villous; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Style terminal, elongated. Fruit a drupe, glabrous, often glaucous, usually with a longitudinal
groove; mesocarp fleshy, not splitting when ripe; endocarp laterally compressed, smooth, rarely grooved or rugose.
About 30 species: Asia, Europe, North America; seven species (two endemic, three introduced) in China.
Prunus mairei H. Léveillé, described from Yunnan, is Symplocos paniculata (Thunberg) Miquel in the Symplocaceae (see Fl. China 15: 252.
1996).
Many plum species are cultivated for their edible fruit and some for their flowers.
1a. Secondary veins and midvein at a less than 45° angle .................................................................................................... 1. P. simonii
1b. Secondary veins and midvein at a 45° angle.
2a. Young branchlets and bracts tomentose or pubescent; pedicel usually pubescent.
3a. Flowers solitary; fruiting pedicel erect; endocarp rugose ................................................................................. 2. P. spinosa
3b. Flowers usually 2 in a fascicle (but usually solitary in P. cerasifera); fruiting pedicel pendulous; endocarp
nearly smooth ...................................................................................................................................................... 3. P. insititia
2b. Young branchlets and bracts glabrous or sparsely pubescent (densely pubescent in P. salicina var. pubipes);
pedicel glabrous or rarely pubescent.
4a. Leaf blade abaxially pubescent; drupe often glaucous .................................................................................. 4. P. domestica
4b. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent or pubescent on midvein; drupe not glaucous
(slightly glaucous in P. cerasifera).
5a. Leaf blade abaxially pubescent only on midvein; flowers usually solitary, very rarely 2 in a fascicle;
endocarp smooth or scabrous ................................................................................................................... 5. P. cerasifera
5b. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent; flowers (2 or)3 in a fascicle; endocarp rugose
or grooved.
6a. Leaf blade glabrous; drupe 3.5–7 cm in diam.; endocarp rugose ........................................................ 6. P. salicina
6b. Leaf blade sparsely pubescent; drupe 1.5–2.5 cm in diam.; endocarp conspicuously grooved ..... 7. P. ussuriensis
1. Prunus simonii Carrière, Rev. Hort. 1872: 111. 1872. Trees 5–8 m tall. Branches purple, glabrous; branchlets
pale red, robust, glabrous. Winter buds purplish red, usually
杏李 xing li
glabrous. Stipules linear, margin glandular, apex long acumi-
Persica simonii Decaisne; Prunus persica (Linnaeus) nate. Petiole 1–1.3 cm, glabrous, apex often with 1 or 2 large
Batsch var. nectarina Maximowicz. nectaries on either side; leaf blade oblong-obovate, oblong-
 ROSACEAE

lanceolate, or rarely elliptic, 7–10 × 3–5 cm, glabrous, abaxi- glandular ciliate, apex acuminate. Petiole 1–2(–2.5) cm, pubes-
ally pale green, adaxially dark green, base cuneate to broadly cent; leaf blade obovate, elliptic, or rarely oblong, 3.5–6(–8) ×
cuneate, margin conspicuously crenate or sometimes inconspic- 2–4 cm, pubescent, soon glabrescent, abaxially pale green,
uously biserrate, apex acuminate to acute; midvein and secon- adaxially dark green, base cuneate to broadly cuneate and with
dary veins abaxially conspicuous, adaxially conspicuously im- a pair of nectaries, margin coarsely serrate with teeth apex
pressed, at a less than 45° angle with each other. Flowers 2 or 3 obtuse and gland-tipped, apex acute to obtuse; midvein and
in a fascicle, rarely solitary, 1.5–2 cm in diam. Pedicel 2–5 mm, secondary veins prominent. Flowers 2(or 3) in a fascicle, rarely
glabrous. Hypanthium outside glabrous. Sepals oblong, gla- solitary, 2–2.5 cm in diam. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm, pubescent. Hy-
brous, margin glandular, apex obtuse. Petals white, oblong, panthium outside subglabrous. Sepals narrowly ovate to ob-
base cuneate and shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Ovary glabrous. long, outside subglabrous, margin entire or repand, apex obtuse
Stigma disk-shaped. Drupe red, appressed globose, 3–5(–6) cm to shortly acute. Petals white and inconspicuously purplish
in diam., glabrous; mesocarp pale yellow, fragrant; endocarp veined, broadly obovate, base broadly cuneate and with a short
small, depressed globose, longitudinally grooved. Fl. May, fr. claw, apex obtuse. Stamens 20–25. Ovary glabrous. Stigma
Jun–Jul. disk-shaped. Drupe bluish black, subglobose to ovoid, 1–2.5 cm
in diam., glabrous; endocarp small, ± flattened, nearly smooth.
● Native in Hebei; widely cultivated in N China.
Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Sep.
This species is cultivated for its edible fruit and has many
cultivars. Cultivated in China [native to SW Asia and Europe].
This species is cultivated for its edible fruit and as grafting stock
2. Prunus spinosa Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 475. 1753.
for other species of Prunoideae.
黑刺李 hei ci li
4. Prunus domestica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 475. 1753.
Prunus domestica Linnaeus var. spinosa (Linnaeus)
欧洲李 ou zhou li
Kuntze.
Prunus communis Hudson; P. domestica var. damascena
Shrubs, rarely trees, 4–8 m tall. Branches reddish brown,
Linnaeus; P. domestica subsp. oeconomica (Borkhausen) C. K.
robust, glabrous, spiny; branchlets reddish brown, densely pu-
Schneider; P. sativa Rouy & Camus subsp. domestica (Linna-
bescent. Winter buds purplish red, pubescent. Stipules lanceo-
eus) Rouy & E. G. Camus.
late, margin glandular, apex acuminate. Petiole 5–7 mm, pu-
bescent, without nectaries; leaf blade oblong-obovate, elliptic- Trees 6–15 m tall. Branches reddish brown, unarmed or
ovate, or rarely oblong, 2–4 × 0.8–1.8 cm, abaxially yellowish with a few spines, glabrous; branchlets pale red to grayish
green and pubescent, adaxially dark green and sparsely ap- green, sparsely pubescent. Winter buds reddish brown, usually
pressed pubescent, glabrescent, base subrounded to broadly glabrous. Stipules linear, margin glandular, apex acuminate.
cuneate, margin crenate or sometimes doubly crenate, apex Petiole 1–2 cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade dark green, ellip-
acute to obtuse; secondary veins 4 or 5(–8) on either side of tic to obovate, 4–10 × 2.5–5 cm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially
midvein. Flowers solitary, opening before leaves, 1–1.5 cm in glabrous or sparsely pubescent on veins, base cuneate to oc-
diam. Pedicel 6–8(–15) mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. casionally broadly cuneate and with a pair of nectaries, margin
Hypanthium outside glabrous. Sepals triangular-ovate, outside remote crenate, apex acute to obtuse; secondary veins 5–7 on
glabrous, margin serrulate, apex acute. Petals white with pale either side of midvein. Flowers solitary or to 3 in a fascicle, on
purple veins, oblong, base cuneate, apex obtuse. Stamens 20– apex of short branchlets, 1–1.5 cm in diam. Pedicel 1–1.2 cm,
25. Ovary glabrous. Stigma capitate. Drupe black, globose, glabrous or pubescent. Hypanthium outside pubescent. Sepals
broadly ellipsoid, or conical, 1–1.5 cm in diam., glabrous, glau- ovate, outside pubescent, margin entire, apex acute. Petals
cous; mesocarp green; endocarp brown, ovoid to ellipsoid, ± white or occasionally greenish, obovate, base cuneate, apex
flattened, rugose. Fl. Apr, fr. Aug. rounded to obtuse. Drupe red, purple, green, or yellow, usually
globose to oblong, rarely subglobose, 1–2.5 cm in diam., often
Cultivated throughout China [native to N Africa, SW Asia, and
Europe].
glaucous; endocarp broadly ellipsoid, pitted. Fl. Mar, fr. Sep.
Widely cultivated in China [native to SW Asia and Europe].
This species is cultivated for its edible fruit and as grafting stock
for other species of Prunoideae. This species has a long history of cultivation, with many horticul-
tural varieties. It is grown for its fruit, which are eaten fresh or made
3. Prunus insititia Linnaeus, Amoen. Acad. 4: 273. 1759.
into juice or preserves.
乌荆子李 wu jing zi li
5. Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart, Beitr. Naturk. 4: 17. 1789.
Prunus domestica Linnaeus subsp. insititia (Linnaeus) C.
樱桃李 ying tao li
K. Schneider; P. domestica var. insititia (Linnaeus) Fiori &
Paoletti. Prunus cerasifera subsp. myrobalana (Linnaeus) C. K.
Schneider; P. domestica Linnaeus var. myrobalana Linnaeus;
Shrubs or trees, to 6 m tall. Branches grayish black,
P. sogdiana Vassilczenko.
glabrous, sometimes spiny; branchlets purplish brown, tomen-
tose. Winter buds solitary or 2 parallel, purplish red, sometimes Shrubs or trees, to 8 m tall. Branches dark gray, sometimes
subglabrous or ciliate at scale margins. Stipules lorate, margin spiny; branchlets dark red, glabrous. Winter buds purple; scale
 ROSACEAE

margins sometimes sparsely ciliate. Stipules lanceolate, margin 6a. Prunus salicina var. salicina
glandular serrulate, apex acuminate. Petiole 6–12 mm, usually
李(原变种) li (yuan bian zhong)
glabrous or sometimes sparsely pubescent when young, without
nectaries; leaf blade elliptic, ovate, obovate, or rarely elliptic- Prunus botan André; P. gymnodonta Koehne; P. ichanga-
lanceolate, (2–)2–6 × 2–6(–6) cm, abaxially pale green and na C. K. Schneider; P. staminata Handel-Mazzetti; P. thibetica
pubescent on midvein, adaxially dark green and glabrous, base Franchet; P. triflora Roxburgh; P. triflora var. spinifera Koeh-
cuneate to subrounded, margin crenate or sometimes doubly ne.
crenate, apex acute. Flowers solitary, rarely 2 in a fascicle, 2– Branchlets, petioles, pedicels, and outside surface of hy-
2.5 cm in diam. Pedicel 1–2.2 cm, glabrous or sparsely pubes- panthia glabrous. Leaf blade abaxially sparsely pubescent on
cent. Hypanthium outside glabrous. Sepals narrowly ovate, out- veins or barbate in vein axils.
side glabrous, margin shallowly serrate, apex obtuse. Petals
● Sparse forests, thickets, scrub, along trails in mountains, stream
white, oblong to spatulate, base cuneate, margin undulate, apex
sides in valleys, also cultivated; 200–2600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu,
obtuse. Stamens 25–30. Ovary villous. Stigma disk-shaped. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei,
Drupe yellow, red, or black, subglobose to ellipsoid, 2–3 cm in Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong,
diam., slightly glaucous; endocarp ellipsoid to ovoid, smooth or Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
scabrous, sometimes pitted. Fl. Apr, fr. Aug.
This variety is an important, temperate fruit tree widely cultivated
Forests, stream sides in valleys, gravelly slopes, also cultivated; in China and other regions of Asia, Europe, and North America.
800–2000 m. Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW
Asia, S Europe]. 6b. Prunus salicina var. pubipes (Koehne) L. H. Bailey, Rho-
dora 18: 155. 1916.
This species is widely cultivated throughout much of China for its
fruit and flowers, with many horticultural varieties and forms. The pur- 毛梗李 mao geng li
plish-leaved form, Prunus cerasifera f. atropurpurea (Jacquin) Rehder,
is often planted as a garden ornamental in N China.
Prunus triflora Roxburgh var. pubipes Koehne in Sargent,
Pl. Wilson. 1: 280. 1912.
6. Prunus salicina Lindley, Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: 239.
1830. Branchlets, petioles, abaxial surface of leaf blades, pedi-
cels, and outside base of hypanthia densely pubescent.
李 li
● Forest margins, thickets; 1600–2000 m. Gansu, Sichuan, Yun-
Trees 9–12 m tall; branchlets, petioles, pedicels, outside nan.
base of hypanthium glabrous or densely pubescent. Branches
7. Prunus ussuriensis Kovalev & Kostina, Trudy Prikl. Bot.,
purplish brown to reddish brown; branchlets yellowish red.
Ser. 8, Plodovolye Yagodnye Kul’t 4: 75. 1935.
Winter buds purplish red, usually glabrous or rarely hairy at
scale margins. Stipules linear, margin glandular, apex acumi- 东北李 dong bei li
nate. Petiole 1–2 cm, apex with 2 nectaries; leaf blade oblong- Prunus salicina Lindley var. mandshurica (Skvortzov)
obovate, narrowly elliptic, or rarely oblong-ovate, 6–8(–12) × Skvortzov & Baranov; P. triflora Roxburgh var. mandshurica
3–5 cm, adaxially dark green and lustrous, base cuneate, margin Skvortzov.
doubly crenate and often mixed with simple gland-tipped teeth
when young, apex acute to shortly caudate; secondary veins 6 Trees 2.5–3 m tall. Branches grayish black, robust, gla-
or 7 on either side of midvein, not extending to leaf margin. brous; branchlets reddish brown, glabrous. Winter buds reddish
Flowers usually 3 in a fascicle, 1.5–2.2 cm in diam. Pedicel 1– brown, usually glabrous. Stipules lanceolate, margin glandular
1.5 cm. Sepals oblong-ovate, ca. 5 mm, outside glabrous, mar- serrate, apex acuminate. Petiole glabrous, without nectaries;
gin loosely serrate, apex acute to obtuse. Petals white, oblong- leaf blade obovate-oblong, rarely elliptic, 4–7(–9) × 2–4 cm,
obovate, base cuneate, margin erose near apex. Ovary glabrous. abaxially pale green and basally sparsely pubescent, adaxially
Stigma disk-shaped. Drupe yellow or red, sometimes green or dark green and basally sparsely pubescent, base cuneate to rare-
purple, globose, ovoid, or conical, 3.5–5 cm in diam., to 7 cm in ly broadly cuneate, margin serrate or biserrate with teeth often
diam. in horticultural forms, glaucous; endocarp ovoid to ob- gland-tipped, apex caudate, acuminate, or acute; midvein and
long, rugose. Fl. Apr, fr. Jul–Aug. secondary veins abaxially conspicuous and raised, adaxially im-
pressed. Flowers 2 or 3 in a fascicle, rarely solitary, 1–1.2 cm in
● Sparse forests, forest margins, thickets, scrub, along trails in
diam. Pedicel 0.7–1.3 cm, glabrous. Hypanthium outside gla-
mountains, stream sides in valleys, also cultivated; 200–2600 m. Anhui,
Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang,
brous. Sepals oblong, glabrous, margin gland-tipped serrulate,
Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shaan- apex acute. Petals white, oblong, base cuneate and shortly claw-
xi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang. ed, margin undulate near apex. Ovary glabrous. Stigma disk-
shaped. Drupe purplish red, ovoid, subglobose, or oblong, 1.5–
1a. Branchlets, petioles, pedicels, and outside 2.5 cm in diam., glabrous; endocarp oblong, conspicuously
surface of hypanthia glabrous; leaf blade grooved, inconspicuously pitted. Fl. Apr–May fr. Jun–Sep.
abaxially sparsely pubescent on veins
or barbate in vein axils .............................. 6a. var. salicina Forest margins, stream sides; 400–800 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin,
1b. Branchlets, petioles, pedicels, and outside Liaoning [Russia (Far East, E Siberia)].
base of hypanthia densely pubescent; This species is resistant to extreme cold and is cultivated in N
leaf blade abaxially densely pubescent ..... 6b. var. pubipes China as a frost-hardy fruit tree.
 ROSACEAE

The following taxa have been described from China, but we have seen no specimens and are therefore unable to assign them to
genus or treat them in this account. Further revision is necessary.
Prunus consociiflora C. K. Schneider (Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 1: Prunus nubium Handel-Mazzetti (Symb. Sin. 7: 530. 1933), described
54. 1905), described from Hubei: A. Henry 1309. from Hunan: T. H. Wang 1.
Prunus platysepala Koehne (in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 277. 1912), des-
Prunus japonica Thunberg var. fukienensis Rehder (J. Arnold Arbor. 3:
cribed from Hubei: E. H. Wilson 2813.
29. 1922), described from Fujian: P. T. Dunn s.n.
Prunus salicina Lindley var. cordata Y. He & J. Y. Zhang (Bull. Bot.
Prunus kawakamii Hayata (J. Coll. Agric. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 25: 77. Res., Harbin 9(3): 71. 1989), described from Fujian: J. Y. Zhang et
1908), described from Taiwan: T. Kawakami & U. Mori s.n. al. A10803.

51. CERASUS Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4, [300]. 1754.

樱属 ying shu
Li Chaoluan (李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Bruce Bartholomew
Padellus Vassilczenko.
Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Branches unarmed. Axillary winter buds 1 or 3, lateral buds flower buds, central bud a leaf bud; ter-
minal winter buds present. Stipules soon caducous, margin serrulate, teeth often gland-tipped. Leaves simple, alternate or fascicled
on short branchlets, conduplicate when young; petiole usually with 2 apical nectaries or nectaries sometimes at base of leaf blade
margin; leaf blade margin singly or doubly serrate, rarely serrulate. Inflorescences axillary, fasciculate-corymbose or 1- or 2-flow-
ered, base often with an involucre formed by floral bud scales. Flowers opening before or at same time as leaves, pedicellate, with
persistent scales or conspicuous bracts. Hypanthium campanulate or tubular. Sepals 5, reflexed or erect. Petals 5, white or pink. Sta-
mens 15–50, inserted on or near rim of hypanthium. Carpel 1. Ovary superior, 1-loculed, hairy or glabrous; ovules 2, collateral,
pendulous. Style terminal, elongated, hairy or glabrous; stigma emarginate. Fruit a drupe, glabrous, not glaucous, without a
longitudinal groove. Mesocarp succulent, not splitting when ripe; endocarp globose to ovoid, smooth or ± rugose.
About 150 species: temperate Asia, Europe, North America; 44 species (30 endemic, five introduced) in China.
The Himalayan species Cerasus rufa (J. D. Hooker) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li (Prunus rufa J. D. Hooker) was reported from Xizang by both T. T. Yu
et al. (Fl. Xizang. 2: 693. 1985) and T. T. Yu & C. L. Chao (FRPS 38: 80. 1986). However, it is now believed that this species does not occur in
Xizang.
The present authors have seen no material of the following species described from Taiwan: Prunus matuurae Sasaki; P. takasagomontana
Sasaki; and P. transarisanensis Hayata. Their status is uncertain and they are not included in this treatment.
Many species of cherry are cultivated for their edible fruit or as garden ornamentals.

1a. Winter buds 3 per leaf axil with 2 lateral flower buds and 1 central leaf.
2a. Pedicel to 2.5 mm or flowers sessile; hypanthium longer than wide; sepals erect or spreading; style villous
basally or throughout.
3a. Leaf blade ovate-elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 2–7 cm, adaxially pilose, abaxially densely tomentose ............... 1. C. tomentosa
3b. Leaf blade obovate-oblanceolate, 0.8–1.6 cm, glabrous .................................................................................... 2. C. tianshanica
2b. Pedicel 4–20 mm; hypanthium as long as wide; sepals reflexed; style pilose basally or glabrous throughout.
4a. Leaf blade broadest basally from middle, base rounded ........................................................................................ 3. C. japonica
4b. Leaf blade broadest at about middle or apically (basally sometimes in C. pogonostyla var. obovata and C.
glandulosa), base cuneate or broadly so.
5a. Leaf blade abaxially hirsute to pilose along veins.
6a. Leaf blade abaxially pilose along veins or sometimes between veins; style basally pilose ...................... 4. C. pogonostyla
6b. Leaf blade abaxially densely brown hirsute; style glabrous ....................................................................... 5. C. dictyoneura
5b. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous, sparsely pubescent, or with tufted hairs in vein axils.
7a. Leaf blade secondary veins 6–8 on either side of midvein; hypanthium outside pilose; style slightly
shorter than stamens; drupe 1.5–1.8 cm in diam. ............................................................................................... 6. C. humilis
7b. Leaf blade secondary veins 4 or 5 on either side of midvein; hypanthium outside glabrous; style slightly
longer than stamens; drupe 1–1.3 cm in diam. ............................................................................................. 7. C. glandulosa
1b. Winter bud 1 per leaf axil.
8a. Bracts green, persistent.
9a. Teeth of leaf blade margin non-glandular, with an apical cartilaginous mucro, or with an inconspicuous
apical gland.
10a. Inflorescences corymbose, 5–10-flowered; endocarp markedly sculptured ........................................... 8. C. maximowiczii
10b. Inflorescences umbellate, 2–4-flowered; endocarp smooth.
11a. Shrubs 0.2–1 m tall; sepals shorter than hypanthium; drupe ca. 1 cm ......................................................... 9. C. fruticosa
11b. Trees 10–25 m tall; sepals nearly as long as hypanthium; drupe 1.2–2.5 cm.
 ROSACEAE

12a. Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade glabrous; inflorescence inner involucral bracts straight; mesocarp sour ...... 10. C. vulgaris
12b. Petiole 2–7 cm; leaf blade abaxially sparsely villous; inflorescence inner involucral bracts curved;
mesocarp sweet ............................................................................................................................................. 11. C. avium
9b. Teeth of leaf blade margin with a distinct apical gland.
13a. Glands disciform or depressed at apex of teeth along bract margins and sometimes along leaf blade margins.
14a. Inflorescences subcorymbose-racemose or racemose.
15a. Style glabrous or sparsely pilose ......................................................................................................... 12. C. szechuanica
15b. Style sparsely villous basal to middle ................................................................................................... 13. C. discadenia
14b. Inflorescences umbellate.
16a. Flowers opening at same time as leaves; hypanthium outside glabrous; petals apically rounded ..... 14. C. tatsienensis
16b. Flowers opening before leaves; hypanthium outside pilose; petals apically 2-lobed ............................ 15. C. discoidea
13b. Glands not disciform or depressed at apex of teeth along bract and leaf blade margins (sometimes
depressed in C. patentipila).
17a. Inflorescences umbellate.
18a. Petiole glabrous; bracts 5–20 mm; sepals spreading ................................................................................ 16. C. setulosa
18b. Petiole ± hairy (sometimes glabrous in C. clarofolia and C. conradinae); bracts 2–8 mm; sepals
reflexed.
19a. Branchlets densely villous; leaf blade abaxially densely spreading villous; hypanthium outside
densely villous .................................................................................................................................... 18. C. polytricha
19b. Branchlets glabrous or pilose; leaf blade abaxially pilose along veins or glabrous; hypanthium
outside glabrous.
20a. Winter buds ovoid, glabrous; petiole glabrous or pilose; stamens 20–30; drupe long ellipsoid .... 17. C. clarofolia
20b. Winter buds ellipsoid-ovoid, pilose; petiole densely spreading villous; stamens 32–54; drupe
ovoid to subglobose ....................................................................................................................... 36. C. conradinae
17b. Inflorescences corymbose-racemose (umbellate-racemose in C. claviculata).
21a. Peduncles, rachises, pedicels, and outside of sepals glabrous.
22a. Young branchlets brown; bracts 0.5–2.5 cm; hypanthium ca. 5 mm in diam.; style nearly as long
as stamens; endocarp ± sculptured ..................................................................................................... 19. C. conadenia
22b. Young branchlets tinged reddish brown to reddish green; bracts 0.2–0.5 cm; hypanthium 3–4
mm in diam.; style slightly longer than stamens; endocarp markedly sculptured ......................... 20. C. pleiocerasus
21b. Peduncles, rachises, pedicels, and outside sepals distinctly hairy.
23a. Leaf blade abaxially pilose or sparsely pubescent; teeth along bract margins and sometimes
along leaf blade margins aristate and with a claviculate apical gland; hypanthium outside
basally pilose to subglabrous; sepal margin sparsely ciliate ......................................................... 21. C. dolichadenia
23b. Leaf blade abaxially densely horizontally spreading villous to hirsute; teeth along bract and
leaf blade margins with a capitate to flattened-capitate (depressed) apical gland; hypanthium
outside pilose; sepal margin glandular serrate .................................................................................. 22. C. patentipila
8b. Bracts brown or rarely greenish brown, rarely persistent.
24a. Leaf blade margin coarsely incised biserrate or lobed; inflorescences 1- or 2-flowered.
25a. Prostrate shrubs; petiole 2–7 mm.
26a. Leaf blade obovate to obovate-elliptic, margin biserrate but not lobed, apex obtuse to acute ...................... 24. C. mugus
26b. Leaf blade elliptic-ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, margin biserrate and lobed, apex acute to acuminate
................................................................................................................................................................. 25. C. crataegifolia
25b. Tree or shrubs; petiole 4–13 mm.
27a. Branchlets, pedicels, and outside of sepals hairy; style glabrous ................................................................ 29. C. caudata
27b. Branchlets, pedicels, and outside of sepals glabrous (sometimes pilose in C. trichostoma); style hairy.
28a. Flowers opening at same time as leaves; stipules usually lanceolate to linear, 3–5 mm ................... 30. C. trichostoma
28b. Flowers opening slightly before leaves or nearly so; stipules on vegetative branches usually ovate
and auriculate, 5–10 mm ........................................................................................................................ 31. C. stipulacea
24b. Leaf blade margin biserrate, serrate, or obtusely glandular crenate; inflorescences usually more than
2-flowered (sometimes 1-flowered in C. serrula and C. schneideriana).
29a. Inflorescences ± hairy or at least hairy when young.
30a. Style glabrous.
31a. Leaf blade lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate to long acuminate; endocarp markedly
sculptured .................................................................................................................................................... 39. C. serrula
31b. Leaf blade ovate to broadly ovate, apex usually caudate; endocarp smooth or ± sculptured.
32a. Petals apically emarginate; sepals nearly 1/2 or more as long as hypanthium ........................... 40. C. pseudocerasus
32b. Petals apically 2-lobed; sepals nearly 2 × as long as hypanthium ....................................................... 41. C. dielsiana
30b. Style hairy.
 ROSACEAE

33a. Petals abaxially hairy; pedicels 3.5–4.8 cm ................................................................................................ 44. C. yaoana

33b. Petals glabrous; pedicels not more than 3 cm.
34a. Inflorescences subcorymbose-racemose to long racemose; petals apically subundulate to
emarginate; hypanthium tubular-campanulate ................................................................................ 42. C. yunnanensis
34b. Inflorescences umbellate or umbellate-racemose; petals apically emarginate or lobed;
hypanthium tubular.
35a. Sepals reflexed; hypanthium densely hirtellous outside ........................................................... 43. C. schneideriana
35b. Sepals erect or spreading; hypanthium pilose outside.
36a. Secondary veins 10–14 on each side of midvein, straight and nearly parallel; inflorescences
umbellate, 2- or 3-flowered; pedicel 1–2 cm; sepals nearly as long as hypanthium, apically
laxly serrate ................................................................................................................................. 27. C. subhirtella
36b. Secondary veins 7–10 on each side of midvein, slightly curved; inflorerscences umbellate-
racemose, 3- or 4-flowered; pedicel 2–2.5 cm; sepals slightly shorter than hypanthium,
apically serrate ............................................................................................................................... 28. C. yedoensis
29b. Inflorescences glabrous.
37a. Petals apically rounded (sometimes emarginate in C. pusilliflora).
38a. Style glabrous ............................................................................................................................................ 23. C. mahaleb
38b. Style hairy.
39a. Flowers solitary or umbellate; hypanthium densely hairy outside .................................................... 26. C. trichantha
39b. Flowers in a corymbose-racemose inflorescence; hypanthium glabrous outside.
40a. Inflorescence distinctly pedunculate; pedicel 4–8 cm; hypanthium tubular-campanulate .................. 32. C. henryi
40b. Inflorescence short pedunculate; pedicel 1–1.5 cm; hypanthium campanulate ............................ 33. C. pusilliflora
37b. Petals apically 2-lobed or emarginate.
41a. Sepals reflexed ....................................................................................................................................... 34. C. cyclamina
41b. Sepals straight or spreading.
42a. Leaf blade margin serrulate or biserrate with acuminate to aristate teeth ........................................... 35. C. serrulata
42b. Leaf blade sharply serrate.
43a. Flowers opening at same time as leaves; drupe purplish black; endocarp apex obtuse ................ 38. C. cerasoides
43b. Flowers opening before leaves; drupe red; endocarp apex acute.
44a. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous; involucre bracts 6–8 × 4–5 mm; hypanthium ca. 4 mm;
petals apically 2-lobed ................................................................................................................ 36. C. conradinae
44b. Leaf blade abaxially with tufts of hairs in vein axils; involucre bracts ca. 5 × 3 mm;
hypanthium ca. 6 mm; petals apically emarginate or rarely entire ........................................ 37. C. campanulata
1. Cerasus tomentosa (Thunberg) Wallich, Numer. List no. brous. Sepals triangular-ovate, 2–3 mm, both surfaces pubes-
715. 1829. cent or glabrous, apex obtuse to acute. Petals pink or white,
obovate, apex rounded. Stamens 20–25, shorter than petals.
毛樱桃 mao ying tao
Ovary hairy or only hairy at base or apex. Style exserted,
Prunus tomentosa Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14, slightly longer than stamens. Drupe red, subglobose, 5–12 mm
464. 1784; Cerasus tomentosa var. pendula B. Y. Feng & S. M. in diam.; endocarp sides sparsely ribbed. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–
Xie; P. batalinii (C. K. Schneider) Koehne; P. cinerascens Sep.
Franchet; P. tomentosa var. batalinii C. K. Schneider; P. to-
● Forests on mountain slopes, forest margins, thickets, scrub,
mentosa var. breviflora Koehne; P. tomentosa var. endotricha
meadows, also cultivated; 100–3700 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Hei-
Koehne; P. tomentosa var. heteromera Koehne; P. tomentosa longjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qing-
var. kashkarovii Koehne; P. tomentosa var. souliei Koehne; P. hai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
tomentosa var. trichocarpa (Bunge) Koehne; P. tomentosa var.
tsuluensis Koehne; P. trichocarpa Bunge. This species is widely cultivated in temperate E Asia for its flow-
ers and edible fruit.
Shrubs usually 0.3–1 m tall, rarely arborescent and 2–3 m
tall. Branchlets purplish to grayish brown; young branchlets 2. Cerasus tianshanica Pojarkov, Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 24(3):
242. 1939.
densely tomentose or glabrous. Winter buds ovoid, sparsely
pubescent or glabrous. Stipules linear, 3–6 mm, villous. Petiole 天山樱桃 tian shan ying tao
2–8 mm, tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blade ovate-elliptic to
Cerasus prostrata (Labillardière) Seringe var. concolor
obovate-elliptic, 2–7 × 1–3.5 cm, abaxially grayish green and
Boissier; Prunus prostrata Labillardière var. concolor (Bois-
densely gray tomentose but glabrescent, adaxially dark green
sier) Lipsky.
and pilose, base cuneate, margin coarsely and acutely serrate,
apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 4–7 on either side of Shrubs 1–1.5 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown; young
midvein. Flowers solitary or 2 in a fascicle, opening before or at branchlets grayish white tomentose. Winter buds ovoid, sparse-
same time as leaves. Pedicel almost absent to 2.5 mm. Hypan- ly white tomentose. Stipules linear, ca. 2 mm. Petiole 1–2 mm,
thium tubular to cup-shaped, 4–5 mm, outside pubescent or gla- glabrous; leaf blade obovate-oblanceolate, 8–16 × 3–7 mm,
 ROSACEAE

glabrous, abaxially pale green, adaxially green, base cuneate, This variety is used medicinally.
margin acutely serrate, apex obtuse to acute; secondary veins 4
3b. Cerasus japonica var. nakaii (H. Léveillé) T. T. Yu & C.
or 5 on either side of midvein. Flowers solitary, opening at
L. Li, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 86. 1986.
same time as leaves. Pedicel ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous. Hypanthium
tubular, 2–8 × ca. 2.5 mm, outside glabrous. Sepals ovate-tri- 长梗郁李 chang geng yu li
angular, outside glabrous, inside white tomentose, apex acute.
Petals pale red, obovate. Stamens ca. 22, usually included in hy- Prunus nakaii H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
panthium. Style nearly as long as stamens, basally sparsely 7: 198. 1909; Cerasus nakaii (H. Léveillé) A. I. Baranov &
villous. Drupe purplish red, globose, 6–7 mm in diam., apex Liou; C. nakaii var. porphyrea Takenouch; P. japonica Thun-
sparsely villous; endocarp smooth. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul. berg var. nakaii (H. Léveillé) Rehder.

Forests, meadows on mountain slopes; 700–1600 m. Xinjiang [C Stipules linear, margin not lobed. Petiole 3–5 mm; leaf
Asia]. blade ovate, margin deeply serrate. Pedicel 1–2 cm. Drupe dark
red. Fl. May, fr. Jun–Jul.
3. Cerasus japonica (Thunberg) Loiseleur-Deslongchamps,
Traité Arbr. Arbust. 5: 33. 1812. Sunny mountain slopes; ca. 200 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning
[Korea].
郁李 yu li
3c. Cerasus japonica var. zhejiangensis (Yun B. Chang) T. C.
Shrubs 1–1.5 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown; young
Ku ex B. Bartholomew, comb. nov.
branchlets green to greenish brown, glabrous. Winter buds
ovoid, glabrous. Stipules linear or semiovate, 4–6 mm, margin 浙江郁李 zhe jiang yu li
glandular serrate, laciniate or not. Petiole 2–10(–15) mm, gla-
brous or pilose; leaf blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3–7 × Basionym: Prunus japonica var. zhejiangensis Yun B.
1.5–2.5 cm, abaxially pale green and glabrous or pilose along Chang, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 12: 271. 1992.
veins, adaxially dark green and glabrous, base rounded, margin Stipules semiovate, margin laciniate. Petiole 7–10(–15)
acutely incised biserrate or deeply serrate, apex acuminate; sec- mm. Drupe black.
ondary veins 5–8 on either side of midvein. Flowers solitary or
to 3 in a fascicle, opening at same time as leaves or before. Pe- ● Grassy scrub on waste mountains; ca. 1300 m. Zhejiang (Sui-
dicel 0.5–2 cm, glabrous or pilose. Hypanthium turbinate, 2.5–3 chang Xian).
× 2.5–3 mm, outside glabrous. Sepals elliptic, slightly longer 4. Cerasus pogonostyla (Maximowicz) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li,
than hypanthium, margin serrulate, apex rounded. Petals pink or Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 81. 1986.
white, obovate-elliptic. Stamens ca. 32. Style nearly as long as
stamens, glabrous. Drupe dark red or black, subglobose, ca. 1 毛柱郁李 mao zhu yu li
cm in diam.; endocarp smooth. Fl. May, fr. Jun–Aug. Shrubs or small trees, 0.5–1.5 m tall. Branchlets gray;
Forests on mountain slopes, thickets, grassy scrub on waste moun- young branchlets green, glabrous or sparsely pilose. Winter
tains, sunny mountain slopes, also cultivated; 100–1300 m. Hebei, Hei- buds ovoid, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Stipules linear, 5–6
longjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea]. mm, margin glandular serrate. Petiole 2–4 mm, sparsely pubes-
1a. Petiole 7–10(–15) mm; stipules semiovate, margin cent; leaf blade obovate-elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 2.5–4.5 ×
laciniate; drupe black ....................... 3c. var. zhejiangensis 1–2 cm, abaxially pale green and pilose or only pilose along
1b. Petiole 2–5 mm; stipules linear, margin not lobed; veins, adaxially dark green and subglabrous, base cuneate to
drupe dark red. broadly cuneate, margin obtusely rarely acutely biserrate and
2a. Petiole 2–3 mm; leaf blade margin teeth with a minute apical gland, apex shortly acuminate,
acutely incised biserrate; pedicel rounded, or long caudate. Flowers solitary or 2 in a fascicle,
0.5–1 cm .......................................... 3a. var. japonica opening at same time as leaves. Pedicel 8–10 mm, sparsely
2b. Petiole 3–5 mm; leaf blade margin pubescent. Hypanthium turbinate, 2.5–3 × 2.5–3 mm, outside
deeply serrate; pedicel 1–2 cm ............ 3b. var. nakaii subglabrous or basally pubescent. Sepals long ovate to tri-
angular ovate, 4–5 mm, slightly longer than hypanthium, mar-
3a. Cerasus japonica var. japonica gin glandular serrate, apex acute. Petals pink, obovate to ellip-
tic. Stamens 25–30. Style longer than stamens, basally pilose.
郁李(原变种) yu li (yuan bian zhong)
Drupe ellipsoid to subglobose, 8–10 × 4–5 mm; endocarp
Prunus japonica Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14, smooth. Fl. Mar, fr. Apr–May.
463. 1784; P. japonica var. kerii (Steudel) Koehne; P. kerii ● Forests on mountain slopes, sunny places in ravines; 200–500
Steudel; Microcerasus japonica (Thunberg) M. Roemer. m. Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang.
Stipules linear, margin not lobed. Petiole 2–3 mm; leaf 1a. Leaf blade apex shortly acuminate to
blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, margin acutely incised rounded; drupe ca. 8 mm .................... 4a. var. pogonostyla
biserrate. Pedicel 0.5–1 cm. Drupe dark red. Fl. May, fr. Jul– 1b. Leaf blade apex long caudate; drupe
Aug. ca. 10 mm ................................................. 4b. var. obovata
Forests on mountain slopes, thickets, also cultivated; 100–200 m.
4a. Cerasus pogonostyla var. pogonostyla
Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang [Ja-
pan, Korea]. 毛柱郁李(原变种) mao zhu yu li (yuan bian zhong)
 ROSACEAE

Prunus pogonostyla Maximowicz, Bull. Soc. Imp. Natura- cent. Winter buds ovoid, sparsely pubescent to subglabrous.
listes Moscou 54: 11. 1879; Celtis caudata Hance; P. caudata Stipules linear, 5–6 mm, margin glandular. Petiole 2–4 mm,
(Hance) Koidzumi (1913) not Franchet (1890); P. caudata glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaf blade narrowly obovate-
(Hance) Koidzumi var. globosa (Koehne) F. P. Metcalf; P. elliptic to obovate-oblanceolate, 2.5–5 × 1–2 cm, abaxially pale
formosana Matsumura; P. pogonostyla var. globosa Koehne. green and glabrous or sparsely pubescent, adaxially dark green
and glabrous, base cuneate, margin serrate or biserrate, apex
Leaf blade obovate-elliptic, abaxially pilose or only pilose
acute to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 6–8 on either side
along veins, apex shortly acuminate to rounded. Drupe ca. 8 ×
of midvein. Flowers solitary or to 3 in a fascicle, opening at
4–5 mm. Fl. Mar, fr. May.
same time as leaves. Pedicel 5–10 mm, sparsely pubescent. Hy-
● Forests on mountain slopes; 200–500 m. Fujian, Jiangxi, Tai- panthium campanulate, ca. 3 × 3 mm, outside pilose. Sepals
wan, Zhejiang. triangular-ovate, apex acute to obtuse. Petals pink or white, ob-
4b. Cerasus pogonostyla var. obovata (Koehne) T. T. Yu & long to obovate. Stamens 30–35. Style nearly as long as sta-
C. L. Li, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 82. 1986. mens, glabrous. Drupe red to purplish red, subglobose, 1.5–1.8
cm in diam.; endocarp sides sparsely ribbed. Fl. Apr–May, fr.
长尾毛樱桃 chang wei mao ying tao Jun–Oct.
Prunus pogonostyla Maximowicz var. obovata Koehne in ● Thickets, mountain slopes, sunny sandy slopes, also cultivated;
Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 265. 1912; P. caudata (Hance) Koid- 400–1800 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei
zumi var. obovata (Koehne) F. P. Metcalf. Mongol, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan.
Leaf blade obovate-elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, abaxially This species is used medicinally and for its edible fruit.
pilose, apex long caudate. Drupe ca. 10 × 5 mm. Fl. Mar, fr.
Apr–May. 7. Cerasus glandulosa (Thunberg) Sokolov, Trees & Shrubs
URSS 3: 751. 1954.
● Sunny places in ravines; ca. 200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan,
Taiwan. 麦李 mai li
5. Cerasus dictyoneura (Diels) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. Prunus glandulosa Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14,
11: 82. 1976. 463. 1784; Cerasus japonica (Thunberg) Loiseleur-Deslong-
champs var. glandulosa (Thunberg) Komarov & Alissova; P.
毛叶欧李 mao ye ou li
glandulosa f. paokangensis (C. K. Schneider) Koehne; P. glan-
Prunus dictyoneura Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(Beibl. 82): dulosa var. purdomii Koehne; P. glandulosa f. sinensis (Per-
57. 1905; P. humilis Bunge var. villosula Bunge. soon) Koehne; P. glandulosa var. trichostyla Koehne; P. japon-
ica Thunberg var. paokangensis C. K. Schneider; P. sinensis
Shrubs 0.3–1(–2) m tall. Branchlets grayish brown; young
Persoon.
branchlets densely pubescent. Winter buds ovoid, densely
downy. Stipules linear, 3–4 mm, margin glandular serrate. Peti- Shrubs 0.5–1.5(–2) m tall. Branchlets grayish brown to
ole usually 2–3 mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade obovate-el- brown, glabrous or pubescent when young. Winter buds ovoid,
liptic, usually 2–4 × 1–2.5 cm, abaxially pale green and densely glabrous or pubescent. Stipules linear, ca. 5 mm. Petiole 1.5–3
brown hirsute, adaxially dark green and glabrous or pubescent mm, glabrous or pilose; leaf blade oblong to elliptic-lanceolate,
and usually crisp, base cuneate, margin serrate or biserrate, 2.5–6 × 1–2 cm, abaxially pale green and glabrous or pilose
apex rounded to acute; secondary veins 5–8 on either side of along midvein, adaxially green, base cuneate, margin obtusely
midvein; reticulate veins conspicuous. Flowers solitary or to 3 finely biserrate, apex acuminate; secondary veins 4 or 5 on
in a fascicle, opening before leaves. Pedicel 4–8 mm, densely either side of midvein. Flowers solitary or 2 in a fascicle, open-
pubescent. Hypanthium campanulate, ca. 3 × 3 mm, outside ing at same time as leaves or nearly so. Pedicel 6–8 mm, sub-
pubescent. Sepals ovate, ca. 3 mm, apex acute. Petals pink or glabrous. Hypanthium campanulate, nearly as long as wide,
white, obovate. Stamens 30–35. Style nearly as long as sta- outside glabrous. Sepals triangular-elliptic, as long as hypan-
mens. Drupe red, globose, 1–1.5 cm in diam.; endocarp sides thium, recurved, margin frequently glandular dentate, apex
sparsely ribbed. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–Sep. acute. Petals pink or white, obovate. Stamens ca. 30. Style
● Thickets in sunny places on mountain slopes, also cultivated;
slightly longer than stamens, glabrous or basally pilose. Drupe
400–2300 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi. red to purplish, subglobose, 1–1.3 cm in diam. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr.
May–Aug. 2n = 16.
This species is used medicinally.
Thickets, mountain slopes, ravine sides, also cultivated; 800–2300
6. Cerasus humilis (Bunge) Sokolov, Trees & Shrubs URSS 3: m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, N Hebei (Weichang
751. 1954. Xian), Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan,
Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
欧李 ou li
8. Cerasus maximowiczii (Ruprecht) Komarov in Komarov &
Prunus humilis Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Péters-
Alissova, Key Pl. Far. East. Reg. URSS 2: 657. 1932.
bourg Divers Savans 2: 97. 1835; P. glandulosa Thunberg var.
salicifolia (B. M. Komarov) Koehne; P. japonica Thunberg 黑樱桃 hei ying tao
var. salicifolia B. M. Komarov.
Prunus maximowiczii Ruprecht, Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math.
Shrubs 0.4–1.5 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown, pubes- Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 15: 131. 1857; Padellus
 ROSACEAE

maximowiczii (Ruprecht) Eremin & Yushev; Padus maxi- 10. Cerasus vulgaris Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8, Cerasus no. 1.
mowiczii (Ruprecht) Sokolov. 1768.
Trees to 7 m tall. Bark dark gray. Branchlets grayish 欧洲酸樱桃 ou zhou suan ying tao
brown; young branchlets tinged brown, densely villous. Winter Prunus cerasus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 474. 1753; C. horten-
buds long ovoid, appressed pubescent. Stipules linear, soon sis Miller; P. vulgaris (Miller) Schur.
caducous after anthesis, margin with distant dark purple glands.
Petiole 0.5–1.5 cm, densely villous; leaf blade obovate to obo- Trees to 10 m tall, usually producing root suckers; crown
vate-elliptic, 3–9 × 1.5–4 cm, abaxially pale green and glabrous subglobular. Bark dark brown, with lateral lined lenticels, ex-
except appressed pilose along midvein and secondary veins, foliating. Branches spreading to drooping; young branchlets
adaxially green and glabrous or appressed pilose along midvein, green, becoming reddish brown, glabrous. Stipules linear, to 8
base cuneate to rounded, margin biserrate and non-glandular, mm, margin glandular serrate. Petiole 1–2(–5) cm, with or
apex cuspidate to shortly caudate; secondary veins 6–9 on without 1 or 2 nectaries; leaf blade elliptic-obovate to ovate, 5–
either side of midvein. Inflorescences corymbose, 5–10-flow- 7(–12) × 3–5(–8) cm, abaxially glabrous or pubescent when
ered; involucral bracts spatulate-oblong, 10–15 × 5–6 mm, soon young, base cuneate and often with 2–4 nectaries, margin finely
caducous after anthesis, abaxially pilose, margin with distinct biserrulate and teeth with a very short cartilaginous apical cusp,
dark red tiny glands; rachis densely appressed villous; bracts apex acuminate to tapering to a short mucro. Inflorescences
umbellate, 2–4-flowered, often with erect leaflike bracts. Flow-
green, leaflike, ovate, 5–7 × 5–4 cm, margin acutely serrate and
ers 2–2.5 cm in diam., opening at same time as leaves. Pedicel
non-glandular or inconspicuously glandular. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm
1.5–3.5 cm. Hypanthium campanulate to obconical, outside gla-
in diam., opening at same time as leaves. Pedicel 0.5–1.5 cm,
brous. Sepals triangular, reflexed, margin glandular serrate. Pet-
densely appressed villous. Hypanthium obconical, 3–4 × 2.5–3
als white, 1–1.3 cm. Drupe pale red, globose to apically flat-
mm, outside appressed pubescent. Sepals elliptic-triangular, ±
tened, 1.2–1.5 cm in diam.; mesocarp yellowish and sour;
as long as hypanthium, margin distantly serrate and teeth with
endocarp brown, globose, 7–8 mm in diam., smooth, adnate to
an inconspicuous minute apical gland or non-glandular, apex
mesocarp. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul. 2n = 32.
acuminate. Petals white, elliptic, 6–7 × 5–6 mm. Stamens ca.
36. Style nearly as long as stamens; stigma capitate. Drupe Cultivated throughout China [native to SW Asia and Europe].
black when ripe, ovoid, 7–8 × 5–6 mm; endocarp markedly This species is cultivated for its fruit and as an ornamental.
sculptured. Fl. Jun, fr. Sep.
11. Cerasus avium (Linnaeus) Moench, Methodus 672. 1794.
Shady mountain forests, stony places with humus-rich soil, some-
times on open mountain slopes with shrubby or herbaceous vegetation; 欧洲甜樱桃 ou zhou tian ying tao
1000–1100 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea,
Russia (Far East)]. Prunus cerasus Linnaeus var. avium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:
474. 1753; Cerasus nigra Miller; P. avium (Linnaeus) Linna-
9. Cerasus fruticosa (Pallas) Woronow, Trudy Prikl. Bot. eus.
Selekts. 14(3): 52. 1925.
Trees to 25 m tall, producing no root suckers. Bark black-
草原樱桃 cao yuan ying tao ish, splitting transversely. Branchlets grayish brown; young
Prunus fruticosa Pallas, Fl. Ross. 1: 19. 1784; P. chamae- branchlets green, glabrous. Winter buds ovoid-ellipsoid, gla-
cerasus Jacquin. brous. Stipules linear, ca. 1 cm, margin glandular serrate. Peti-
ole 2–7 cm, glabrous, apically with 2 nectaries; leaf blade obo-
Shrubs 0.2–1 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown; young vate-elliptic to elliptic-ovate, 3–13 × 2–6 cm, abaxially pale
branchlets green, glabrous. Winter buds ovoid, glabrous; scale green and sparsely villous, adaxially green and glabrous, base
margins glandular. Stipules narrowly linear, margin dentate. cuneate to rounded, margin obtusely incised biserrate and teeth
Petiole 0.8–1.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade obovate, obovate-ob- with a cartilaginous apical mucro, apex cuspidate to shortly
long, or lanceolate, 3–6 × 1.5–2.5 cm, abaxially light green and acuminate; secondary veins 7–12 on either side of midvein. In-
glabrous, adaxially dark green, shiny, and glabrous, base cune- florescences umbellate, 3- or 4-flowered; inner involucral bracts
ate, margin obtusely to acutely dentate and teeth with an in- recurved at flowering; peduncle inconspicuous. Flowers open-
durate cartilaginous margin and non-glandular, apex acute to ing at same time as leaves. Pedicel 2–6 cm, glabrous. Hypan-
obtuse; secondary veins 6–9 on either side of midvein. Inflores- thium cyathiform, ca. 5 × 4 mm, outside glabrous. Sepals long
cences umbellate, (1–)3- or 4-flowered, sessile or shortly pe- elliptic, ± as long as hypanthium, recurved after anthesis, mar-
dunculate. Flowers opening before or at same time as leaves.
gin entire, apex obtuse. Petals white, obovate, apex emarginate.
Pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm, glabrous. Hypanthium campanulate, out-
Stamens ca. 34. Style nearly as long as stamens, glabrous.
side glabrous. Sepals reflexed or erect. Petals white, obovate,
Drupe red to purplish black, subglobose to ovoid, 1.5–2.5 cm in
6–7 mm, apex usually notched. Stamens many. Style gla-
diam.; endocarp smooth. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul. 2n = 16, 24,
brous. Drupe red, ovoid, sour-sweet, ca. 1 × 0.8 cm; endocarp
32.
smooth. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul.
Cultivated mainly in Hebei, Liaoning, and Shandong [native to
Forest-steppes and steppe zone, broad-leaved forest margins,
SW Asia and Europe].
shrubby thickets, steppes, grooves, open dry slopes, also cultivated.
Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Russia (Siberia); SW Asia, S Europe]. This species is cultivated for its fruit and as an ornamental.
 ROSACEAE

12. Cerasus szechuanica (Batalin) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Fl. disciform apical gland. Flowers opening at same time as leaves.
Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 49. 1986. Pedicel 0.8–2.3 cm, glabrous. Hypanthium 4–5.5 or longer × 4–
5.5 mm, outside glabrous. Sepals triangular, as long as or slight-
四川樱桃 si chuan ying tao
ly longer than hypanthium, reflexed, glabrous, margin gland-
Prunus szechuanica Batalin, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. tipped very shortly fimbriate, apex acute. Petals white, rotund,
Bot. Sada 14: 167. 1895. 6–8 mm in diam., apex erose-denticulate. Stamens 40–47,
Tree or shrubs, 3–7 m tall. Branchlets gray or reddish mostly 7–11 mm. Ovary ca. 1.1 cm. Style as long as or slightly
brown, glabrous or sparsely pilose. Winter buds oblong-ovoid, shorter than stamens, sparsely villous basally to middle. Drupe
glabrous. Stipules green, ovate to broadly ovate, margin incised red, subglobose, ca. 9 × 7 mm; endocarp ovoid, 5.5–6 × ca. 4 ×
serrate, teeth with a capitate apical gland. Petiole 1–1.8 cm, gla- 3.5 mm, obscurely few sulcate, smooth near keel. Fl. May, fr.
brous or pilose, apically usually with 2 disciform to capitate Jul.
nectaries; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or long ellip- ● Mountain slopes, thickets; 1300–2600 m. Gansu, Henan, Hubei,
tic, 5–9 × 2.5–4 cm, abaxially pale green and glabrous or pilose, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
adaxially green and usually glabrous or pilose along midvein,
14. Cerasus tatsienensis (Batalin) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Fl.
base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin biserrate or serrate and
Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 52. 1986.
teeth with a minute disciform, capitate, or conical apical gland,
apex caudate to cuspidate; secondary veins 7–9 on either side of 康定樱桃 kang ding ying tao
midvein. Inflorescences subcorymbose-racemose, 4–9 cm, 2–5-
flowered; involucral bracts brown, obovate-oblong, 10–15 × 5– Prunus tatsienensis Batalin, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk.
6 mm, glabrous or nearly so, margin with capitate glands; Bot. Sada 14: 322. 1895; P. maximowiczii Ruprecht var. aden-
rachis glabrous or pilose; bracts green, basally on rachis mostly ophora Franchet; P. tatsienensis var. adenophora (Franchet)
sterile or only terminal 1–3 fertile, suborbicular, broadly ovate, Koehne.
or long ovate, 0.5–2.5 × 0.5–1.2 cm, margin with disciform
Shrubs or small trees, 2–5 m tall. Bark grayish brown.
glands, apex rounded. Pedicel 1–2 cm, glabrous or sparsely pi-
Branchlets gray, pilose or glabrous. Winter buds ovoid, gla-
lose. Hypanthium campanulate, ca. 5 × 4–5 mm, outside gla-
brous. Stipules elliptic-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, margin
brous or pilose. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, slightly shorter
serrate, teeth with a disciform apical gland. Petiole 8–10 mm,
than hypanthium, margin with capitate glands, apex acuminate.
glabrous or pilose, apex with or without nectaries; leaf blade
Petals white or pink, suborbicular, apex erose. Stamens 40–47.
ovate to ovate-elliptic, 1–4.5 × 1–2.5 cm, abaxially pale green,
Style nearly as long as stamens, glabrous; stigma disciform.
glabrous or with tufted hairs in vein axils, adaxially green and
Drupe purplish red, ovoid, 8–10 × 7–8 mm; endocarp sculp-
subglabrous, base rounded, margin biserrate and teeth with a
tured. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug.
minute apical gland, apex acuminate; secondary veins 6–9 on
● Forests, forest margins; 1500–2600 m. Henan, Hubei, Hunan, either side of midvein. Inflorescences umbellate or subumbel-
Shaanxi, Sichuan. late, 2–4-flowered; involucral bracts purplish brown, spatulate,
ca. 8 × 4 mm, abaxially glabrous or sparsely villous; peduncle
13. Cerasus discadenia (Koehne) C. L. Li & S. Y. Jiang, comb.
5–12 mm, glabrous or pilose; bracts green, elliptic to subor-
nov.
bicular, 3–5 mm in diam., margin with disciform glands. Flow-
盘腺樱桃 pan xian ying tao ers ca. 1.5 cm in diam., opening at same time as leaves. Pedicel
1–2 cm, glabrous. Hypanthium campanulate, 3–4 × 2–3 mm,
Basionym: Prunus discadenia Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wil-
outside glabrous. Sepals ovate-triangular, nearly 1/2 as long as
son. 1: 200. 1912.
hypanthium, margin entire or distantly serrate, apex acute to
Shrubs 4–6 m tall or trees 10–13 m tall. Stems 20–40 cm obtuse. Petals white or pink, ovate. Stamens 20–35. Style nearly
in diam. Branches gray to dark gray; branchlets usually dark as long as stamens; stigma capitate. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Jun–Jul.
red, darker in autumn, glabrous. Winter buds ca. 3 mm, gla- ● Forests; 900–2600 m. Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan,
brous. Stipules oblong to lanceolate, 3–4 mm, herbaceous, per- Yunnan.
sistent, margin serrate, teeth gland-tipped fimbriate. Petiole
sometimes dark red, 0.7–1.8 cm, glabrous, usually with 2 cons- 15. Cerasus discoidea T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin.
picuous nectaries at apex or at leaf blade base; leaf blade ovate, 23: 211. 1985.
obovate, or sometimes oblong-obovate, 4–10 × 2.5–5 cm, gla- 迎春樱桃 ying chun ying tao
brous or rarely abaxially conspicuously pilose along veins, base
cordate, rounded, or rarely subacute, margin irregularly serrate Trees 2–3.5 m tall. Bark dark grayish white. Branchlets
and teeth with a prominently depressed-disciform apical gland, purplish brown; young branchlets pilose, glabrescent. Winter
apex acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 8–10 on either side buds ovoid, glabrous. Stipules narrowly lorate, 5–8 mm, margin
of midvein, pallid, adaxially light green, abaxially pale. Ra- with tiny disciform glands. Petiole 5–7 mm, sparsely pilose
cemes 3–6 cm excluding peduncle, 3–9-flowered; involucral when young, glabrescent, apex with 1–3 nectaries; leaf blade
bracts 1–4, scalelike, usually 1–1.8 cm, inner ones sometimes obovate-oblong to elliptic, 4–8 × 1.5–3.5 cm, abaxially pale
persistent at anthesis; peduncles 1–2 cm, glabrous; rachis gla- green and pilose, more densely so when young, adaxially dark
brous; bracts 4–9, rotund to ovate-oblong, 8–10 mm but basally green and appressed pilose, base cuneate to rarely subrounded,
to 25 mm and sterile, margin serrate, teeth with a depressed- margin shallowly obtusely serrulate and teeth with a minute
 ROSACEAE

conical apical gland, apex caudate, cauda acutely incised ser- Shrubs or small trees, 2.5–20 m tall. Bark grayish black.
rate; secondary veins 8–10 on either side of midvein. Inflores- Branchlets grayish brown; young branchlets purple or green,
cences umbellate, (1 or)2(or 3)-flowered; involucral bracts glabrous or ± pilose. Winter buds ovoid, glabrous. Stipules lan-
brown, obovate-elliptic, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, abaxially glabrous, ceolate, margin gland-tipped fimbriate. Petiole 8–10 mm, gla-
adaxially appressed pilose, margin with tiny capitate glands, brous or pilose; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or obovate-
apex serrate-lobed; peduncle 1–1.5 cm, sparsely pilose or gla- elliptic, 3–6 × 2–4 cm, abaxially pale green and glabrous or pi-
brous; bracts green, suborbicular, 2–4 mm in diam., leathery, lose, adaxially green and sparsely pubescent or glabrous, base
subglabrous, margin with tiny disciform to depressed glands. rounded, margin acuminately serrate or biserrate, teeth with a
Flowers opening before or rarely at same time as leaves. Pedi- minute to inconspicuous apical gland; secondary veins 7–12 on
cel 1–1.5 cm, pilose. Hypanthium tubular-campanulate, 4–5 × either side of midvein. Inflorescences umbellate or subum-
2–3 mm, outside sparsely pilose. Sepals oblong, 2–3 mm, apex bellate, 2–4-flowered; involucral bracts brown, spatulate, ca. 8
rounded or mucronate. Petals pink, long elliptic, apically 2- × 3–4 mm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially pilose; peduncle 4–10
lobed. Stamens 32–40. Style glabrous; stigma dilated. Drupe mm, glabrous or pilose; bracts green, subovate, ovate-oblong,
red, ca. 1 cm in diam.; endocarp ± sculptured. Fl. Mar, fr. May. or suborbicular, 2–5 mm in diam., persistent in fruit, margin
● Forest in ravines, thickets beside streams; 200–1100 m. Anhui, serrate, teeth with a conical to capitate apical gland. Flowers
Jiangxi, Zhejiang. opening at same time as leaves. Pedicel 1–2 cm, glabrous or
16. Cerasus setulosa (Batalin) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Fl. Rei- sparsely pilose. Hypanthium campanulate, outside glabrous or
publ. Popularis Sin. 38: 67. 1986. nearly so. Sepals ovate-triangular to lanceolate-triangular, mar-
gin glandular serrate or entire, apex acute to acuminate. Petals
刺毛樱桃 ci mao ying tao
white or pink, obovate to suborbicular. Stamens 20–30. Style ±
Prunus setulosa Batalin, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. as long as stamens, basally pilose; stigma capitate. Drupe red,
Sada 12: 165. 1892; P. gracilifolia Koehne. ellipsoid, 7–8 × 4–5 mm; endocarp ± sculptured. Fl. Apr–Jun,
Shrubs or small trees, 1.5–5 m tall. Bark grayish brown. fr. Jun–Jul.
Branchlets grayish white to brown, glabrous. Winter buds ● Forests or thickets on mountain slopes; 600–3600 m. Anhui, S
ovoid, glabrous. Stipules ovate-oblong to obovate-oblanceolate, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Ningxia, Shaanxi,
4–8 × 1.5–3 mm, margin gland-tipped fimbriate. Petiole 4–8 Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
mm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate, obovate, or ovate-elliptic, 2–5 ×
1–2.5 cm, abaxially pale green, pilose along veins, and with 18. Cerasus polytricha (Koehne) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Fl.
tufted hairs in vein axils, adaxially green and appressed stri- Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 56. 1986.
gose, base rounded, margin obtusely biserrate gland-tipped fim- 多毛樱桃 duo mao ying tao
briate, apex caudate-acuminate to cuspidate; secondary veins 6–
8 on either side of midvein. Inflorescences umbellate, 2- or 3- Prunus polytricha Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 204.
flowered; involucral bracts brown, spatulate, ca. 5 × 1.5 mm, 1912.
soon caducous, adaxially hairy, margin glandular; peduncle 5–7
Trees or shrubs, 2–10 m tall. Bark black to grayish brown.
mm, glabrous; bracts 2 or 3, green, foliose, ovate, 0.5–2 cm,
Branchlets grayish reddish brown, densely villous. Winter buds
both surfaces sparsely strigose, margin gland-tipped serrate.
Flowers 6–8 mm in diam., opening at same time as leaves. ellipsoid-ovoid; scales abaxially pilose. Stipules oblong-lanceo-
Pedicel 0.8–1.2 cm, pilose or glabrous. Hypanthium tubular, 5– late, sparsely villous, margin gland-tipped fimbriate. Petiole 8–
6 × 3–4 mm, outside sparsely strigose. Sepals triangularly long 10 mm, densely spreading villous, apex usually with 1–3 nec-
ovate, 2–3 mm, spreading, both surfaces pilose, margin dis- taries; leaf blade obovate to obovate-oblong, 4–8 × 2–4 cm,
tantly serrate, apex acute. Petals pink, obovate to suborbicular. abaxially pale green, densely laterally spreading villous, and
Stamens 30–40, shorter than sepals. Style slightly longer than sparsely and appressed pubescent between veins, adaxially
or nearly equaling stamens, pilose basal to middle. Drupe green and sparsely pubescent, base subrounded, margin serrate
red, ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 8 × 6 mm; endocarp ± sculptured. Fl. or biserrate and teeth with a minute apical gland, apex acumi-
Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug. nate; secondary veins 7–11 on either side of midvein. Inflores-
cences umbellate or subumbellate, 2–4-flowered; involucral
● Forests or thickets in ravines, mountain slopes; 1300–2600 m.
Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan. bracts obovate-elliptic, 6–8 × 4–5 mm, abaxially subglabrous,
adaxially sparsely villous; peduncle 2–10 mm, spreading pilose;
17. Cerasus clarofolia (C. K. Schneider) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, bracts green, ovate to suborbicular, 4–8 mm, persistent in fruit,
Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 54. 1986. margin serrate, teeth with a capitate apical gland. Pedicel 1–2
微毛樱桃 wei mao ying tao cm, densely villous. Hypanthium campanulate, 4–5 × 4–5 mm,
outside densely villous. Sepals ovate-triangular, margin glandu-
Prunus clarofolia C. K. Schneider, Repert. Spec. Nov.
lar serrate, apex obtuse to acute. Petals white or pink, ovate.
Regni Veg. 1: 67. 1905; P. litigiosa C. K. Schneider; P. litigi-
osa var. abbreviata Koehne; P. pilosiuscula (C. K. Schneider) Stamens 20–30. Style basally pilose; stigma capitate. Drupe
Koehne; P. pilosiuscula var. media Koehne; P. pilosiuscula var. red, globose, 7–8 mm in diam.; endocarp sculptured. Fl. Apr–
subvestita Koehne; P. rehderiana Koehne; P. sprengeri Pampa- May, fr. Jun–Jul.
nini; P. tatsienensis Batalin var. pilosiuscula C. K. Schneider; ● Forests on mountain slopes, forest margins beside streams; 900–
P. variabilis Koehne; P. venusta Koehne. 3300 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
 ROSACEAE

19. Cerasus conadenia (Koehne) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Fl. with conical glands, apex acuminate. Petals white, suborbicular.
Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 50. 1986. Stamens 30–34. Style slightly longer than stamens; stigma
slightly dilate, minutely disciform. Drupe red to black, globose,
锥腺樱桃 zhui xian ying tao 7–8 mm in diam.; endocarp markedly sculptured. Fl. Jun–Jul,
Prunus conadenia Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 197. fr. Aug–Sep.
1912; P. macradenia Koehne; P. macradenia var. mairei Koeh- ● Forests on mountain slopes; 2000–3400 m. W Sichuan, N Yun-
ne. nan.
Trees or arborescent shrubs, 6–10 m tall. Stems ca. 30 cm 21. Cerasus dolichadenia (Cardot) C. L. Li & S. Y. Jiang,
in diam.; branches glabrous; older branchlets dark brown to comb. nov.
grayish white; young branchlets brown. Winter buds ca. 3 mm,
长腺樱桃 chang xian ying tao
glabrous. Stipules 3–4 mm, herbaceous, caducous, margin glan-
dular serrate. Petiole 1.2–1.8 cm, glabrous, usually with 2 to Basionym: Prunus dolichadenia Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Par-
several distinct nectaries at apex or at leaf blade base; leaf blade is) 4(1): 29. 1930; Cerasus claviculata T. T. Yu & C. L. Li.
obovate, 3–9 × 2–4.8 cm, papery, abaxially glabrous or pilose
Small trees or arborescent shrubs, 5–13 m tall. Branchlets
along midvein, adaxially sparsely strigulose when young, more
grayish brown, pilose and pubescent when young. Winter buds
densely strigulose along veins, and glabrescent, base cordate,
ovoid, glabrous. Stipules ca. 6 mm, margin strongly fimbriate,
rounded, or broadly cuneate, margin mostly biserrate and teeth
fimbria tipped with a clavate gland. Petiole 0.8–2 cm, pilose,
with a conical apical gland, apex caudate-acuminate; secondary
apex sometimes with 2 stalked or sessile nectaries; leaf blade
veins 8–14 on either side of midvein. Inflorescences subcorym-
broadly elliptic to obovate-oblong, 4–9 × 3–5 cm, abaxially
bose-racemose, 2–3 cm excluding peduncle, 3.4–8 cm in fruit,
green and pilose or more sparsely hairy between veins, adax-
4–8-flowered; involucral bracts soon caducous; peduncle 5–10
ially dark green and sparsely pubescent, base broadly cuneate,
mm, longer in fruit, glabrous; rachis glabrous; bracts 7–10, 1–3
rounded, or subcordate, margin acutely biserrate and teeth
basal ones usually sterile and ovate to orbicular, apical ones fer-
aristate and with a claviculate apical gland, apex abruptly cau-
tile and oblong, 0.5–2.5 × 0.4–1 cm, margin serrate, teeth with a
date; secondary veins 8–12 on either side of midvein. Inflo-
conical apical gland. Flowers opening at same time as leaves.
rescences umbellate-racemose, 4–9 cm, 4- or 5-flowered; in-
Pedicel 0.5–2 cm, glabrous. Hypanthium tubular, ca. 4 × 5 mm,
volucral bracts brown, obovate-oblong, 10–12 × ca. 5 mm,
outside glabrous. Sepals oblong triangular, ca. 3.5 mm, reflex-
abaxially glabrous, adaxially sparsely villous, margin with dis-
ed, glabrous, margin sparsely glandular denticulate, apex acute.
tant clavate glands; rachis pilose; bracts green, mostly fertile
Petals white, rotund-ovate, ca. 6 × 4.5 mm, apex erose. Stamens
but basal 1 or 2 sterile, orbicular to ovate, 7–12 × 5–10 mm,
27–30. Style nearly as long as stamens, basally sparsely villous.
persistent and slightly enlarged in fruit, abaxially subglabrous,
Drupe red, ovoid, ca. 1 × 0.8 cm; endocarp obliquely com-
adaxially sparsely pubescent, margin with distant clavate
pressed ovoid, ca. 7 × 4–5 mm, markedly furrowed along keel,
glands. Flowers opening at same time as leaves. Pedicel 1–2.5
apex slightly pitted. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul.
cm, pilose. Hypanthium tubular-campanulate, ca. 7 × 6 mm,
● Forest, woodlands; 2300–3000 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, outside basally pilose to subglabrous, base slightly swollen. Se-
Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan. pals broadly triangular, 1.5–2 mm, margin entire and sparsely
20. Cerasus pleiocerasus (Koehne) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Fl. ciliate, apex acute. Petals white or pink, broadly elliptic, 7–8
Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 51. 1986. mm in diam., slightly longer than wide. Stamens 36. Style near-
ly as long as stamens; stigma dilated. Drupe ellipsoid-ovoid, ca.
雕核樱桃 diao he ying tao 8 × 6 mm; endocarp sculptured. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug.
Prunus pleiocerasus Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: ● Dense forests on mountain slopes, shady ravines; 1400–2300 m.
198. 1912; P. tatsienensis Batalin var. stenadenia Koehne. Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan.
Trees 3–7 m tall. Bark dark grayish brown. Branchlets 22. Cerasus patentipila (Handel-Mazzetti) T. T. Yu & C. L.
grayish brown; young branchlets tinged reddish brown to red- Li, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 46. 1986.
dish green, glabrous. Winter buds ellipsoid-ovoid, glabrous.
Stipules ovate to ovate-elliptic, margin serrate, teeth with a 散毛樱桃 san mao ying tao
conical apical gland. Petiole 0.8–2 cm, glabrous, apex with 1–3 Prunus patentipila Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 529.
nectaries; leaf blade usually ovate-oblong to obovate-oblong, 1933.
4–8.5 × 2–3.5 cm, abaxially pale green and glabrous or with
tufted hairs in vein axils, adaxially dark green and glabrous, Trees or shrubs, 5–13 m tall. Branchlets gray, densely vil-
base cuneate to rounded, margin shallowly obtusely serrulate, lous and pubescent when young, glabrescent. Winter buds ovoid-
teeth with a minute conical apical gland; secondary veins 9–12 ellipsoid, glabrous. Stipules lanceolate, margin with long-stalk-
on either side of midvein. Inflorescences subcorymbose-race- ed glands. Petiole 0.8–2 cm, densely spreading villous, hairs
mose, 4–6 cm, 2–9-flowered, basally usually with several ster- thicker and yellowish brown with age, apex with 1–3 depressed
ile bracts; involucral bracts brown, obovate-elliptic, 4–8 × 4–5 to capitate nectaries; leaf blade obovate-oblong to ovate-elliptic,
mm, margin with conical glands; rachis glabrous; bracts broad- 4–12 × 3–5 cm, abaxially pale green, densely horizontally
ly ovate, 2–5 × 2–5 mm, margin with conical glands. Pedicel 1– spreading villous along veins, sparsely pubescent between
1.5 cm, glabrous. Hypanthium campanulate, 3–4 × 3–4 mm, out- veins, and hairs yellowish brown with age, adaxially green and
side glabrous. Sepals triangular to triangular-lanceolate, margin pilose when young but glabrescent, base broadly cuneate,
 ROSACEAE

rounded, or subcordate, margin mostly incised biserrate and ed villous. Winter buds ovoid-ellipsoid, glabrous, apex acumi-
teeth with a capitate to depressed apical gland, apex caudate to nate. Stipules linear, 5–8 mm, margin gland-tipped fimbriate.
abruptly caudate; secondary veins 8–11 on either side of mid- Petiole 2–7 mm, glabrous; leaf blade obovate to obovate-
vein. Inflorescences subcorymbose-racemose, 4–8 cm, 2–4- elliptic, 1–3.5 × 0.7–2 cm, abaxially pale green and glabrous,
flowered; involucral bracts tinged brown, obovate-oblong, 7–8 adaxially dark green and glabrous or pilose when young, base
× 4–5 mm, margin with stalked capitate glands; rachis densely cuneate, margin acutely biserrate, apex obtuse to acute; secon-
villous, hairs thicker and yellowish brown with age; bracts dary veins 5–9 on either side of midvein. Inflorescences 1-flow-
mostly fertile but rarely 1 or 2 sterile basally on rachis, ovate to ered or 2-flowered in a fascicle; involucral bracts obovate-ob-
ovate-elliptic, 1–1.5(–1.8) × 0.5–1.2 cm, both surfaces pilose long, 5–8 × 2–3 mm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially pilose,
but glabrescent, margin with stalked disciform-capitate glands. margin glandular hairy; peduncle absent. Flowers usually open-
Pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm, densely villous. Hypanthium subtubular, ing at same time as leaves. Pedicel 0.3–3 cm, glabrous. Hypan-
ca. 6 × 3–4 mm, outside pilose, base swollen. Sepals ovate- thium tubular, 6–8 × 2–3 mm. Sepals triangularly long ovate,
triangular, ca. 2 mm, markedly reflexed after anthesis. Stamens 2–3 mm, margin glandular serrate, apex acuminate to acute.
ca. 36. Ovary glabrous. Style exserted, sparsely pilose except at Petals white or pink, suborbicular, apex erose. Stamens 30–45.
apex; stigma capitate. Drupe red, ovoid, ca. 10 × 8 mm; endo- Style exserted after anthesis, much longer than stamens, gla-
carp shallowly sculptured. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul. brous. Drupe dark red, ca. 1 × 0.8 cm; endocarp markedly
● Forests on mountain slopes; 2400–3000 m. NW Yunnan. sculptured. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul–Aug.

23. Cerasus mahaleb (Linnaeus) Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8, ● Forest margins on mountain slopes, thickets; 3200–3700 m.
Cerasus no. 4. 1768. NW Yunnan.

圆叶樱桃 yuan ye ying tao 25. Cerasus crataegifolia (Handel-Mazzetti) Handel-Mazzetti,

Vegetationsbilder 17(Heft 7/8): [8]. 1927.
Prunus mahaleb Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 474. 1753; Padellus
mahaleb (Linnaeus) Vassilczenko; Padus mahaleb (Linnaeus) 山楂叶樱桃 shan zha ye ying tao
Borkhausen. Prunus crataegifolia Handel-Mazzetti, Anz. Akad. Wiss.
Shrubs, rarely trees, sometimes attaining 10–13 m tall. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 60: 153. 1923.
Branchlets grayish brown, densely pubescent. Winter buds Shrubs 1–2 m tall, prostrate to ascending. Bark grayish
ovoid, densely pubescent, glabrescent. Stipules ovate-lanceo- brown. Branchlets purplish brown, densely villous; young
late, caducous, margin gland-tipped fimbriate. Petiole 2–3 cm, branchlets densely appressed pubescent. Winter buds long
pubescent when young, glabrescent, with 1 or 2 nectaries at ovoid, glabrous, apex acute. Stipules brown, linear, 5–10 mm.
apex or at leaf blade base; leaf blade ovate, suborbicular, or Petiole 3–5 mm, pilose; leaf blade elliptic-ovate to elliptic-
elliptic, 3.5–5 × 2.5–3.5 cm, abaxially pale green and pubes- lanceolate, 1.5–4 × 1–2 cm, abaxially pale green and glabrous
cent, adaxially green and glabrous, base rounded, margin ob- or appressed pubescent along midvein when young, adaxially
tusely glandular crenate, apex obtusely cuspidate to tapering- dark green and sparsely pubescent, base cuneate to broadly so,
acuminate; secondary veins 8–12 on either side of midvein. margin acutely incised biserrate and lobed, apex acuminate to
Inflorescences corymbose-racemose, 4–5 cm, 5–8-flowered, acute. Inflorescences 1-flowered or 2-flowered in a fascicle; in-
with 2 or 3 small leaves near base; rachis glabrous; bracts volucral bracts soon caducous; peduncle absent. Flowers 1.2–
brown, ovate, 0.5–1 mm in diam., membranous, apex serrate. 1.5 cm in diam., opening at same time as leaves. Pedicel 1.5–
Flowers opening ± before leaves. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm, glabrous. 2.5 cm, glabrous. Hypanthium tubular, 6–8 × 2–3 mm, outside
Hypanthium obconical to campanulate, ca. 3 × 3 mm, outside glabrous. Sepals triangular, 2–3 mm, margin glandular serrate,
glabrous. Sepals oblong-ovate, slightly shorter than hypanthi- apex acute to obtuse. Petals pink or white, suborbicular, apex
um, margin entire, apex rounded. Petals white, obovate to short- erose. Stamens 27–31. Style exserted, much longer than sta-
ly elliptic, ca. 5 × 4 mm, apex rounded. Stamens 20–25, slightly mens after anthesis, glabrous. Drupe red, ovoid, 8–10 × 6–8
shorter than petals. Ovary glabrous; stigma capitate. Drupe mm; endocarp sculptured. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
black when ripe, subglobose, 7–8 mm in diam.; endocarp ovoid
but laterally compressed, smooth. Fl. May, fr. Jul. ● Alpine forests, thickets on rocky slopes; 3400–4200 m. SE Xi-
zang, NW Yunnan.
Cultivated. Hebei, Liaoning [native to SW Asia and Europe].
26. Cerasus trichantha (Koehne) C. L. Li & S. Y. Jiang, comb.
This species is cultivated as an ornamental and as grafting stock
for other cultivated Prunoideae. nov.

24. Cerasus mugus (Handel-Mazzetti) Handel-Mazzetti, Vege- 毛瓣藏樱 mao ban zang ying
tationsbilder 17(Heft 7/8): [8]. 1927. Basionym: Prunus trichantha Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wil-
偃樱桃 yan ying tao son. 1: 254. 1912; Cerasus rufa (J. D. Hooker) T. T. Yu & C. L.
Li var. trichantha (Koehne) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li; P. imanishii S.
Prunus mugus Handel-Mazzetti, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Kitamura; P. rufa J. D. Hooker var. trichantha (Koehne) H.
Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 60: 152. 1923. Hara.
Shrubs to 1 m tall, prostrate. Bark grayish brown. Branch- Trees 2–10 m tall. Young branchlets pubescent, soon gla-
lets brown to grayish brown; young branchlets densely appress- brescent. Winter buds ovoid, glabrous or apex of bud scales
 ROSACEAE

pilose. Stipules linear to lanceolate. Petiole 5–10 mm, densely herincquiana (Lavallée) Koehne; P. herincquiana var. biloba
hairy or pilose; leaf blade obovate-lanceolatge to obovate- Koehne; P. microlepis Koehne; P. subhirtella var. ascendens
elliptic, (3–)5–12 × 2.5–5.5 cm, abaxially villous along veins, E. H. Wilson.
adaxially pilose but soon glabrescent, base cuneate, margin
Branches erect; branchlets not pendulous. Hypanthium ab-
sharply serrulate and teeth apically with conical to capitate
axially white pubescent. Fl. Apr, fr. Jun.
glands, apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate; secondary veins
9–11 on each side of mivein. Inflorescences 1- or 2-flowered or Cultivated. Mainly in Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, and Zhe-
several in an umbel, 3–4.5 cm; involucral bracts brown, spatu- jiang [native to Japan].
late-oblong, 7–10 × 3–4 mm, outside glabrous, inside densely
27b. Cerasus subhirtella var. pendula (Yo. Tanaka) T. T. Yu
villous, margin glandular serrate; peduncle very short to subses-
& C. L. Li, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 74. 1986.
sile, glabrous; bracts green or brown, 10–12 × 1.2–2.5 mm,
margin glandular. Flowers opening at same time as leaves. Ped- 垂枝大叶旱樱 chui zhi da ye han ying
icel 1–2.2 cm, glabrous. Hypanthium tubular to campanulate,
Prunus subhirtella var. pendula Yo. Tanaka, Useful Pl.
(8–)10–15 × 4–5 mm, outside hairy. Sepals straight or spread-
Jap. 70, no. 620. 1891; P. itosakura Siebold var. taiwaniana
ing, ovate-triangular, 2–3(–4) mm, ca. 1/2 as long as hypan-
(Hayata) Kudô & Masamune; P. taiwaniana Hayata.
thium to very short, margin sparsely glandular. Petals white or
pink, ovate, 5–6 × 4–6 mm, margin entire or apically erose, out- Branches spreading and curved; branchlets pendulous; hy-
side pilose. Stamens ca. 45. Ovary glabrous, apex obtuse and panthium abaxially glabrous.
not lobed. Style pubescent basally from middle. Drupe ellipsoid
Cultivated. Taiwan [native to Japan].
to obovoid, ca. 1.1 × 1.8 cm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul.
Sparse forests, forest margins, thickets, mountain slopes; 2800– 28. Cerasus yedoensis (Matsumura) A. V. Vassiljeva, Trans.
3900 m. Xizang [Nepal, Sikkim]. Sukhumi Bot. Gard. Fasc. 10: 124. 1957.
27. Cerasus subhirtella (Miquel) S. Y. Sokolov, Trees & 东京樱花 dong jing ying hua
Shrubs URSS 3: 734. 1954.
Prunus yedoensis Matsumura, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 15: 100.
大叶旱樱 da ye han ying 1901; P. paracerasus Koehne; P. yedoensis var. nudiflora
Koehne.
Trees 3–10 m tall. Bark grayish brown. Young branchlets
green, densely white pubescent. Winter buds ovoid; bud scale Trees 4–16 m tall. Bark gray. Branchlets pale purplish
margin pilose. Stipules brown, linear, shorter than petiole, mar- brown, glabrous; young branchlets green, pilose. Winter buds
gin glandular dentate. Petiole 5–8 mm, white pubescent; leaf ovoid, glabrous. Stipules lanceolate, pubescent. Petiole 1.3–1.5
blade ovate to ovate-oblong, 3–6 × 1.5–3 mm, abaxially pale cm, densely pubescent, with or without 1 or 2 glands at apex;
green and appressed white pilose or more densely so along leaf blade elliptic to obovate, 5–12 × 2.5–7 cm, abaxially pale
midvein, adaxially dark green and glabrous or appressed pilose green and pilose on veins, adaxially dark green, glabrous, base
on veins, base broadly cuneate, margin sharply biserrate, apex rounded to rarely cuneate, margin sharply glandular serrate,
acuminate; secondary veins 10–14 on each side of midvein, apex acuminate to cuspidate; secondary veins 7–10 on each side
straight and parallel. Inflorescences umbellate, 2- or 3-flow- of midvein. Inflorescences umbellate-racemose, 3- or 4-flow-
ered; involucral bracts obovate, ca. 4 × 3 mm, outside pilose, ered; involucral bracts brown, elliptic-ovate, 6–7 × 4–5 mm, pi-
soon deciduous after flowering. Flowers opening at same time lose on both surfaces; peduncle very short; bracts brown, spat-
as leaves. Pedicels 1–2 cm, pilose. Hypanthium tubular to near- ulate-oblong, ca. 5 × 2–3 mm, margin glandular. Flowers
ly urceolate, 4–5 × 2–3 mm, base dilated, outside appressed opening before leaves, 3–3.5 cm in diam. Pedicel 2–2.5 cm,
white pilose. Sepals oblong-ovate, nearly as long as hypanthi- pubescent. Hypanthium tubular, 7–8 × ca. 3 mm, outside pilose,
um, margin laxly dentate, apex acuminate. Petals pale red, obo- margin glandular serrate, apex emarginate or 2-lobed. Stamens
vate to oblong, apex concave. Stamens ca. 10. Style base pilose. ca. 32, shorter than petals. Style base pilose. Drupe black, sub-
Drupe black, ovoid; endocarp sculptured. Fl. Apr, fr. Jun. globose, 0.7–1 cm in diam.; endocarp slightly sculptured. Fl.
Cultivated. Mainly in Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Apr, fr. May. 2n = 16.
and Zhejiang [native to Japan]. Cultivated mainly in Beijing, Jiangsu (Nanjing Shi), Jiangxi (Nan-
chang Shi), and Shandong (Qingdao Shi) [native to Japan and Korea
1a. Branches erect; branchlets not (Cheju Island)].
pendulous; hypanthium abaxially
white pubescent ................................... 27a. var. subhirtella 29. Cerasus caudata (Franchet) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Fl. Rei-
1b. Branches spreading and curved; publ. Popularis Sin. 38: 68. 1986.
branchlets pendulous; hypanthium
尖尾樱桃 jian wei ying tao
abaxially glabrous ................................... 27b. var. pendula
Prunus caudata Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 196. 1890.
27a. Cerasus subhirtella var. subhirtella
Trees. Bark gray, lenticellate. Branchlets densely hirtel-
大叶旱樱(原变种) da ye han ying (yuan bian zhong)
lous. Stipules linear to subulate, margin with stalked glands.
Prunus subhirtella Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno- Petiole 4–8 mm, hirtellous; leaf blade ovate, obovate, or ovate-
Batavi 2: 91. 1865–1866; Cerasus herincquiana Lavallée; P. oblong, 2–3.8 × 1–2 cm, abaxially hirtellous along midvein but
 ROSACEAE

other part glabrous, adaxially strigulose, base obtuse, margin in- Saint-Pétersbourg 29: 97. 1884.
cised biserrate with teeth broadly ovate and apically subobtuse
Shrubs or trees, 1–7 m tall. Branchlets gray to grayish
with a capitate apical gland, apex oblique and narrowly caudate;
brown; young branchlets glabrous. Winter buds long ovoid, gla-
secondary veins ca. 10 on either side of midvein. Inflorescences
brous, apex acuminate. Stipules on vegetative branch leaflike,
racemose-corymbose, umbellate, or 1- or 2-flowered, densely
ovate, 5–10 × 4–8 mm; stipules on reproductive branchlets
pubescent; involucral bracts caducous; peduncle to 8 mm or ab-
green, ovate-lanceolate, 4–6 × 2–3 mm, margin acutely serrate.
sent; bracts 2–3 mm, tinged brown. Flowers opening at same
Petiole 1–1.3 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or
time as leaves. Pedicel 4–9 mm, densely pubescent. Hypanthi-
obovate-elliptic, 3–6.5 × 2–4 cm, abaxially pale green and
um broadly campanulate, 5–6 mm, outside densely pubescent.
glabrous or with tufted hairs in vein axils, adaxially dark green
Sepals triangular, ca. 2.5 mm, suberect, both surfaces pilose,
and sparsely pubescent, base rounded, margin acutely incised
margin entire or nearly so, apex acute. Petals white, broadly el-
biserrate, apex acuminate to abruptly caudate; secondary veins
liptic, ca. 8 × 5.5 mm. Stamens 27, ca. 1 cm. Ovary and style
6–10 on either side of midvein. Inflorescences umbellate, usu-
glabrous. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep.
ally 2(or 3)-flowered; involucral bracts brown, elliptic, 5–7 ×
● Forested slopes in mountains, forest margins, grassy slopes; 3–4 mm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially appressed villous, mar-
3000–3200 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
gin glandular; peduncle absent or very short; bracts brown to
30. Cerasus trichostoma (Koehne) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Fl. greenish brown, elliptic, 5–6 × 3–4 mm, caducous after anthe-
Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 69. 1986. sis, margin glandular serrate. Flowers 1.2–1.3 cm in diam.,
opening slightly before leaves or nearly so. Pedicel 0.7–1.3 cm,
川西樱桃 chuan xi ying tao 1–1.5 cm and apically thickened in fruit, glabrous. Hypanthium
Prunus trichostoma Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 216. tubular-campanulate, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, outside glabrous. Sepals
1912; P. droseracea Koehne; P. glyptocarya Koehne; P. lati- triangular, 3–4 mm, margin entire, apex acute. Petals pale red or
dentata Koehne; P. latidentata var. trichostoma (Koehne) C. white, broadly obovate, apex obtuse to acute. Stamens 35–40,
K. Schneider; P. lobulata Koehne; P. oxyodonta Koehne; P. slightly shorter than petals. Style exserted, much longer than
pleuroptera Koehne; P. podadenia Koehne; P. zappeyana stamens, basally pilose. Drupe red, ellipsoid, 1–1.2 × 0.8–1 cm;
Koehne; P. zappeyana var. subsimplex Koehne. endocarp ± sculptured. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.

Trees (1.5–)2–10 m tall. Bark grayish black. Branchlets ● Forests in ravines, thickets on mountain slopes, mountain
grayish brown; young branchlets glabrous or pilose. Winter slopes; 1800–3900 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
buds ovoid to long ovoid, glabrous. Stipules lanceolate to line- 32. Cerasus henryi (C. K. Schneider) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Fl.
ar, 3–5 mm, margin 2- or 3-serrate or lobed, teeth acute to acu- Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 64. 1986.
minate. Petiole 6–8 mm, glabrous or pilose; leaf blade ovate,
obovate, or elliptic-lanceolate, 1.5–3 × 0.5–2 cm, abaxially pale 蒙自樱桃 meng zi ying tao
green and pilose along veins or sometimes between veins, adax- Prunus yunnanensis Franchet var. henryi C. K. Schneider,
ially dark green and pilose or glabrous, base cuneate, broadly Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 1: 66. 1905; P. henryi (C. K.
cuneate, or subrounded, margin acutely incised biserrate with Schneider) Koehne; P. neglecta Koehne.
teeth non-glandular or with a minute apical gland, apex acute to
acuminate; secondary veins 6–10 on either side of midvein. Trees to 3 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown, glabrous.
Inflorescences (1 or)2(or 3)-flowered; involucral bracts brown, Winter buds ovoid, glabrous. Stipules narrowly lorate, shorter
obovate-elliptic, abaxially glabrous, adaxially densely appress- than petiole, margin gland-tipped fimbriate. Petiole 5–13 mm,
ed hairy; peduncle to 5 mm or absent; bracts brown, rarely glabrous, apex with 1 or 2 nectaries; leaf blade long ovate to
greenish brown, usually soon caducous, rarely persistent in ovate-oblong, ca. 4 × 2 cm, abaxially pale green and glabrous
fruit, margin glandular serrate. Flowers opening at same time or or with tufts of hair at axils of veins, adaxially green and
rarely slightly before leaves. Pedicel 0.8–2 cm, 1–2.5 cm and glabrous, base cuneate to rounded, margin acutely serrate or bi-
apically thickened in fruit, glabrous or pilose. Hypanthium cam- serrate and teeth with a minute capitate apical gland, apex acu-
panulate, 5–6 × 3–4 mm, outside glabrous or pilose. Sepals tri- minate; secondary veins 7–10 on either side of midvein. Inflo-
angular to ovate, 2–3 mm, inside glabrous or appressed pilose, rescences subcorymbose-racemose, 2.5–4 cm, 3–7-flowered;
margin glandular serrate, apex acute to obtuse. Petals white or involucral bracts obovate, 4–5 × ca. 3 mm, soon caducous,
pale pink, obovate, apex rounded. Stamens 25–36, shorter than abaxially glabrous, adaxially densely villous, margin glandular
petals. Style ± as long as stamens, basally pilose. Drupe pur- serrate; bracts brown to slightly greenish, obovate, 2–3 mm,
plish red, ovoid, 7–8 mm in diam.; endocarp markedly sculp- glabrous or pilose, margin glandular serrate. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm
tured. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul. in diam. Pedicel 0.6–1.5 cm, glabrous. Hypanthium tubular-
● Alpine forests, woods, thickets, cliffs; 1000–4000 m. Gansu, campanulate, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, outside glabrous. Sepals oblong-
Hubei, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan. triangular, nearly 1/2 as long as hypanthium, reflexed after an-
31. Cerasus stipulacea (Maximowicz) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Fl. thesis, apex acute to obtuse. Petals white, ovate, ca. 1 cm, apex
Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 68. 1986. rounded to subundulate. Stamens 30–45, nearly as long as pet-
als. Style nearly as long as stamens, basally sparsely villous;
托叶樱桃 tuo ye ying tao stigma dilated. Fl. Mar, fr. Apr–May.
Prunus stipulacea Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. ● Forests on mountain slopes; ca. 1800 m. Yunnan.
 ROSACEAE

33. Cerasus pusilliflora (Cardot) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Fl. ● Woodlands, thickets; 1000–1300 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hu-
Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 66. 1986. bei, Hunan, Sichuan.

细花樱桃 xi hua ying tao 1a. Leaf blade obovate-oblong, abaxially initially
sparsely pilose along veins but glabrescent,
Prunus pusilliflora Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 4(1): 27. adaxially glabrous; inflorescences
1920. subumbellate, 3- or 4-flowered ........... 34a. var. cyclamina
Trees or shrubs, 3–10 m tall. Bark grayish brown to gray- 1b. Leaf blade broadly elliptic, both surfaces
glabrous; inflorescences umbellate,
ish black. Branchlets gray; young branchlets green, glabrous or
2-flowered ................................................. 34b. var. biflora
nearly so. Winter buds ovoid, glabrous. Stipules lorate, slightly
shorter than petiole, soon caducous, margin gland-tipped fim- 34a. Cerasus cyclamina var. cyclamina
briate. Petiole 5–8 mm, pilose, glabrescent, with 1 or 2 purplish
襄阳山樱桃(原变种) xiang yang shan ying tao (yuan bian
black nectaries at apex or leaf blade base; leaf blade obovate-
zhong)
oblong to ovate-elliptic, 4–6 × 2–3.5 cm, abaxially pale green
and pilose along veins but glabrescent, adaxially dark green and Prunus cyclamina Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 207.
glabrous, base rounded to rarely subcordate, margin acutely ser- 1912; P. malifolia Koehne; P. malifolia var. rosthornii Koehne.
rate and/or biserrate and teeth with a minute apical gland, apex Leaf blade obovate-oblong, abaxially initially sparsely
acute to rarely acuminate. Inflorescences umbellate-racemose, pilose along veins but glabrescent, adaxially glabrous. Inflores-
3–5-flowered; involucral bracts ovate-elliptic, 3–4 mm, abaxi- cences subumbellate, 3- or 4-flowered. Fl. Apr, fr. May–Jun.
ally glabrous, adaxially appressed pilose, margin glandular ser-
rate; peduncle very short, slightly elongate in fruit; bracts ● Woodlands; 600–1500 m. Chongqing (Nanchuan Xian), Guang-
dong, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan.
brown, ca. 1.5 mm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Pedicel 5–10
mm, glabrous. Hypanthium campanulate, 4–5 × 2–3 mm, out- 34b. Cerasus cyclamina var. biflora (Koehne) T. T. Yu & C.
side glabrous. Sepals long ovate, 1/2 or more as long as hypan- L. Li, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 59. 1986.
thium, margin distantly serrate, apex acute. Petals white, ovate,
双花襄阳山樱桃 shuang hua xiang yang shan ying tao
apex rounded to sometimes emarginate. Stamens 25–40. Style
basally pilose. Drupe red, ovoid, ca. 8 × 6–7 mm; endocarp ± Prunus cyclamina Koehne var. biflora Koehne in Sargent,
sculptured. Fl. Feb–Mar, fr. Apr–May. Pl. Wilson. 1: 243. 1912.
● Forests in mountains, ravines, also cultivated; 1400–2100. Yun- Leaf blade broadly elliptic, glabrous; secondary veins 8–
nan. 12 on either side of midvein. Inflorescences umbellate, 2-flow-
ered. Fl. May, fr. Jun–Jul.
34. Cerasus cyclamina (Koehne) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Fl. Rei-
publ. Popularis Sin. 38: 58. 1986. ● Thickets; ca. 1300 m. Hunan, Sichuan.

襄阳山樱桃 xiang yang shan ying tao 35. Cerasus serrulata (Lindley) Loudon, Hort. Brit. 480. 1830.

Trees 5–10 m tall. Bark grayish blackish brown. Branch- 山樱花 shan ying hua
lets grayish to purplish brown, glabrous, rarely pilose. Winter Trees 3–8 m tall. Bark grayish brown to grayish black.
buds ovoid, glabrous. Stipules linear, shorter than petiole, mar- Branchlets grayish white or tinged brown, glabrous. Winter
gin gland-tipped fimbriate. Petiole 0.8–1.2 cm, glabrous, rarely buds ovoid, glabrous. Stipules linear, 5–8 mm, margin gland-
pilose, with 2 nectaries in apical or middle part or at leaf blade tipped fimbriate. Petiole 1–1.5 cm, glabrous, sparsely pilose, or
base; leaf blade obovate-oblong or broadly elliptic, 4.5–12 × pubescent, apex with 1–3 rounded nectaries; leaf blade ovate-
2.7–5.5 cm, abaxially pale green and glabrous or initially elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 5–9 × 2.5–5 cm, abaxially pale green
sparsely pilose along veins but glabrescent, adaxially dark and glabrous, sparsely pilose, or pubescent, adaxially dark green
green and glabrous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin and glabrous or sparsely pilose, base rounded, margin acumi-
serrate or acutely biserrate and teeth with a minute apical gland, nately serrate or biserrate and teeth with a minute apical gland,
apex abruptly acuminate; secondary veins 8–12 on either side apex acuminate; secondary veins 6–8 on either side of midvein.
of midvein. Inflorescences umbellate or subumbellate, 2–4- Inflorescences corymbose-racemose or subumbellate, 2- or 3-
flowered; involucral bracts obovate, 0.8–1.3 cm in diam., flowered; involucral bracts brownish red, obovate-oblong, ca. 8
abaxially subglabrous, adaxially densely villous; peduncle 0.8– × 4 mm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially villous; peduncle 5–10
2 cm, glabrous or scattered pilose; bracts orbicular, 3–5 mm in mm, glabrous; bracts brown or tinged greenish brown, 5–8 ×
diam., margin with long-stalked glands. Flowers opening at 2.5–4 mm, margin glandular serrate. Pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm, gla-
same time as leaves. Pedicel 1.5–2.6 cm, glabrous or sparsely brous, sparsely pilose, or pubescent. Hypanthium tubular, 5–6 ×
pilose. Hypanthium campanulate, ca. 4 mm, outside glabrous. 2–3 mm, apically enlarged. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, ca. 5
Sepals lanceolate, 6–8 mm, reflexed, apex obtuse. Petals pink, mm, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute. Petals white or
oblong, apically 2-lobed. Stamens ca. 32, slightly shorter than rarely pink, obovate, apex emarginate. Stamens ca. 38. Style
petals. Style slightly longer than stamens, glabrous. Drupe red, glabrous. Drupe purplish black, globose to ovoid, 8–10 mm in
subglobose, 7.5–8.3 mm in diam.; endocarp ± sculptured. Fl. diam. Fl. Apr–May, fr. May–Jul.
Apr–May, fr. May–Jul. Forests in ravines, forests on mountain slopes, also cultivated;
 ROSACEAE

400–1500 m. Anhui, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, 华中樱桃 hua zhong ying tao
Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhe-
jiang [Japan, Korea]. Prunus conradinae Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 211.
1912; Cerasus glabra (Pampanini) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li; P. con-
1a. Leaf blade margin biserrate, teeth acu- radinae var. trichogyna Cardot; P. glabra (Pampanini) Koehne;
minate with a long awn apically ........ 35c. var. lannesiana P. helenae Koehne; P. hirtipes Hemsley var. glabra Pampanini;
1b. Leaf blade margin serrate or biserrate, P. rufoides C. K. Schneider var. glabrifolia C. K. Schneider; P.
teeth with a minute gland apically. twymaniana Koehne.
2a. Petioles, both surfaces of leaf
blades, and pedicels glabrous Trees 3–10 m tall. Bark grayish brown. Branchlets grayish
or sparsely pilose .......................... 35a. var. serrulata brown; young branchlets green, glabrous. Winter buds ovoid to
2b. Petioles, abaxial surface of elliptic-ovoid, glabrous or pilose. Stipules linear to oblong-lan-
leaf blades, and pedicels ceolate, ca. 6 mm, soon caducous after anthesis, margin gland-
pubescent .................................... 35b. var. pubescens tipped fimbriate. Petiole 6–10 mm, glabrous or densely spread-
ing villous, with 1–3 nectaries; leaf blade obovate, elliptic, or
35a. Cerasus serrulata var. serrulata
obovate-oblong, 4.5–9 × 2.5–4 cm, both surfaces glabrous,
山樱花(原变种) shan ying hua (yuan bian zhong) abaxially pale green, adaxially green, base rounded to broadly
Prunus serrulata Lindley, Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7: cuneate, margin biserrate or sharply serrulate and teeth with a
238. 1830; Cerasus serrulata var. taishanensis Yi Zhang & C. punctiform apical gland, apex abruptly acuminate to caudate;
D. Shi; Padus serrulata (Lindley) Sokolov; Prunus tenuiflora secondary veins 6–9 on either side of midvein. Inflorescences
Koehne, p.p. umbellate, 2–5-flowered; involucral bracts brown, obovate-
elliptic, 6–8 × 4–5 mm, abaxially glabrous or subglabrous,
Petioles, both surfaces of leaf blades, and pedicels gla- adaxially densely villous; peduncle 2–15 mm, rarely absent,
brous or sparsely pilose. Leaf blade margin serrate or biserrate; glabrous or spreading pilose; bracts brown or green, ovate, sub-
teeth with a minute gland apically. Fl. Apr–May, fr. May–Jul. orbicular, or broadly fan-shaped, 1.3–8 mm, caducous or per-
Forests in ravines, also cultivated; 500–1500 m. Anhui, Guizhou, sistent in fruit, margin glandular serrate. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm in
Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Zhe- diam., opening before or nearly at same time as leaves. Pedicel
jiang [Japan, Korea]. 1–2.5 cm, glabrous. Hypanthium campanulate to tubular-cam-
35b. Cerasus serrulata var. pubescens (Makino) T. T. Yu & panulate, ca. 4 × 3 mm, outside glabrous. Sepals triangular to
C. L. Li, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 75. 1986. triangular-ovate, 2–2.5 mm, reflexed after flowering, apex
obtuse to acute. Petals white or pink, oblong, ovate, or obovate,
毛叶山樱花 mao ye shan ying hua
apically 2-lobed. Stamens 32–54. Style shorter to slightly long-
Prunus pseudocerasus Lindley var. jamasakura (Siebold er than stamens, glabrous. Drupe red, ovoid to subglobose, 8–
& Zuccarini) Makino subvar. pubescens Makino, Bot. Mag. 11 × 5–9 mm; endocarp ± sculptured, apex acute. Fl. Mar, fr.
(Tokyo) 22: 98. 1908; P. serrulata var. pubescens (Makino) E. Apr–May.
H. Wilson; P. tenuiflora Koehne, p.p.; P. veitchii Koehne; P.
● Forests in ravines, slopes; 500–2600 m. Fujian, Gansu, Guang-
wildeniana Koehne. xi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhe-
Petioles, abaxial surface of leaf blades, and pedicels pu- jiang.
bescent. Leaf blade margin serrate or biserrate; teeth with a 37. Cerasus campanulata (Maximowicz) A. N. Vassiljeva,
minute gland apically. Fl. Apr–May, fr. May–Jul. Trans. Sukhumi Bot. Gard., Fasc. 10, 119. 1957.
● Forests on mountain slopes, also cultivated; 400–800 m. Anhui, 钟花樱桃 zhong hua ying tao
Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong,
Shanxi, Zhejiang. Prunus campanulata Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci.
Saint-Pétersbourg 29: 103. 1884; P. cerasoides Buchanan-
35c. Cerasus serrulata var. lannesiana (Carrière) T. T. Yu &
Hamilton ex D. Don var. campanulata (Maximowicz) Koid-
C. L. Li, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 76. 1986.
zumi.
日本晚樱 ri ben wan ying
Trees or shrubs, 3–8 m tall. Bark blackish brown. Branch-
Cerasus lannesiana Carrière, Rev. Hort. 1872: 198. 1872; lets grayish brown to purplish brown; young branchlets green,
Prunus lannesiana (Carrière) E. H. Wilson; P. serrulata var. glabrous. Winter buds ovoid, glabrous. Stipules soon caducous.
lannesiana (Carrière) Makino. Petiole 0.8–1.3 cm, glabrous, apex with 2 nectaries; leaf blade
ovate, ovate-elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, 4–7 × 2–3.5 cm, abax-
Leaf blade margin biserrate; teeth acuminate with a long ially pale green and glabrous or with tufts of hairs in vein axils,
awn apically. adaxially green and glabrous, base rounded, margin acutely and
Widely cultivated in China [native to Japan]. usually somewhat irregularly serrate, apex acuminate; secon-
dary veins 8–12 on either side of midvein. Inflorescences um-
This variety is widely cultivated in gardens as a ornamental tree.
bellate, 2–4-flowered; involucral bracts elliptic, ca. 5 × 3 mm,
36. Cerasus conradinae (Koehne) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Fl. both surfaces appressed villous; peduncle 2–4 mm; bracts
Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 76. 1986. brown, rarely greenish brown, 1.5–2 mm, margin glandular ser-
 ROSACEAE

rate. Flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam., opening before leaves. Pedicel ex Wallich var. tibetica Batalin; P. serrula var. tibetica (Bata-
1–1.3 cm, 1.5–2.5 in fruit and apically slightly swollen, gla- lin) Koehne.
brous or sparsely pubescent. Hypanthium campanulate, ca. 6 ×
Trees 2–12 m tall. Bark grayish to purplish brown.
3 mm, outside glabrous or very sparsely pilose, base slightly
Branchlets purplish brown, glabrous; young branchlets appress-
swollen. Sepals oblong, ca. 2.5 mm, persistent in fruit, margin
ed pilose. Winter buds acutely ovoid, glabrous or appressed pi-
entire, apex obtuse. Petals pink, obovate-oblong, apically darker
lose. Stipules linear, shorter than petiole, caducous after anthe-
and emarginate or rarely entire. Stamens 39–41. Style longer or
sis. Petiole 5–8 mm, pilose, glabrescent; leaf blade lanceolate to
rarely shorter than stamens, glabrous. Drupe red, ovoid, ca. 10
ovate-lanceolate, 3.5–7 × 1–2 cm, abaxially pale green and gla-
× 5–6 mm; endocarp ± sculptured. Fl. Jan–Mar, fr. Apr–May.
brous or pilose on lateral sides of midvein, adaxially dark green
Forests in ravines, forest margins; 100–1300 m. Fujian, Guang- and pilose, base rounded, margin acutely serrate or biserrate
dong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Vietnam]. and teeth with a minute capitate apical gland, apex acuminate;
38. Cerasus cerasoides (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) S. Y. secondary veins 11–16 on either side of midvein. Inflorescences
Sokolov, Trees & Shrubs URSS 3: 736. 1954. 1- or 2-flowered; involucral bracts brown, narrowly elliptic, ca.
6 × 3 mm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially pilose, margin glandu-
高盆樱桃 gao peng ying tao lar serrate; peduncle short or absent; bracts brown, narrowly
Prunus cerasoides Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. ovate-oblong, 2–2.5 mm, margin glandular serrate. Flowers ca.
Fl. Nepal. 239. 1825; Cerasus puddum Roxburgh ex Seringe; 1 cm in diam., opening at same time as leaves. Pedicel 6–12
C. cerasoides var. rubea (Ingram) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li; mm, 1.5–2 cm in fruit and apically slightly enlarged, pilose.
Maddenia pedicellata J. D. Hooker; P. carmesina H. Hara; P. Hypanthium tubular-campanulate, 5–6 × ca. 3 mm, base outside
cerasoides var. majestica (Koehne) Ingram; P. cerasoides var. pilose. Sepals ovate-triangular, ca. 3 mm. Petals white, obovate-
rubea Ingram; P. majestica Koehne; P. puddum (Roxburgh ex elliptic, apex obtuse. Stamens 38–44. Style longer than sta-
Seringe) Brandis (1874), not Miquel (1865–1866). mens, glabrous. Drupe purplish black, ovoid, ca. 1 × 0.6–0.7
cm; endocarp markedly sculptured. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep.
Trees 3–10(–30) m tall. Branches grayish black; branch-
lets green, pubescent, glabrescent. Stipules linear, basally strong- ● Mountain slopes, forest in ravines, forest margins, grassy moun-
ly gland-tipped fimbriate. Petiole 1.2–2 cm, apex with 2–4 nec- tain slopes; 1200–4000 m. Guizhou, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, Yun-
nan.
taries; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, oblong-
ovate, or oblong-obovate, (4–)8–12 × (2.2–)3.2–5 cm, sublea- 40. Cerasus pseudocerasus (Lindley) Loudon, Hort. Brit. 200.
thery, abaxially pale green and glabrous or villous along veins, 1830.
adaxially dark green, base rounded, margin acutely biserrulate,
樱桃 ying tao
biserrate, or serrate and teeth with a minute capitate apical
gland, apex acuminate to long acuminate; secondary veins 10– Prunus pseudocerasus Lindley, Trans. Hort. Soc. London
15 on either side of midvein; reticulate veins fine. Inflores- 6: 90. 1826; Cerasus scopulorum (Koehne) T. T. Yu & L. C.
cences umbellate, 1–4-flowered; involucral bracts 1–1.2 cm, Li; P. ampla Koehne; P. involucrata Koehne; P. pauciflora
apically divided, withered after anthesis;. peduncle 1–1.5 cm, Bunge; P. saltuum Koehne; P. scopulorum Koehne.
glabrous; bracts brownish to greenish brown, suborbicular, pa-
Trees 2–8 m tall. Bark grayish white to reddish brown.
pery, persistent or caducous after anthesis, margin glandular
Branchlets grayish brown; young branchlets green, glabrous or
serrate. Flowers opening at same time as or before leaves.
pilose. Winter buds ovoid to long elliptic, glabrous or subgla-
Pedicel 1–2.3 cm, elongated to 3 cm and apically thickened in
brous. Stipules lanceolate to narrowly lorate, soon caducous,
fruit. Hypanthium red to dark red, campanulate to broadly cam-
margin gland-tipped fimbriate. Petiole 0.5–1.5 cm, glabrous or
panulate. Sepals usually reddish, triangular, 0.4–5.5 cm, erect,
pilose, apex with 1–3 large nectaries; leaf blade ovate, oblong-
margin entire, apex acute to obtuse. Petals white or pink, ovate
ovate, or long elliptic, 5–12 × 3–6 cm, abaxially pale green and
to obovate, apically entire or emarginate. Stamens 32–34, shor-
pilose along and between veins, adaxially dark green and sub-
ter than petals. Style as long as stamens, glabrous; stigma dis-
glabrous, base rounded, margin acutely biserrate or incised
ciform. Drupe purplish black, ovoid, 1.2–1.5 × 0.8–1.2 cm; en-
serrate, teeth with a minute apical gland; secondary veins 9–11
docarp ovoid, laterally deeply furrowed and pitted, apex obtuse.
on either side of midvein. Inflorescences corymbose or subum-
Fl. Oct–Dec, Feb–Mar.
bellate, 3–7-flowered; involucral bracts brown, obovate-elliptic,
Forests in ravines; 700–3700 m. S Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, ca. 5 × 3 mm, margin glandular serrate. Flowers opening before
N India, Kashmir, N Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, N Thailand, N leaves. Pedicel 0.8–1.9 cm, pilose. Hypanthium campanulate,
Vietnam].
3–6 × 2–3 mm, outside pilose. Sepals triangular-ovate to ovate-
This species is cultivated for its fruit. oblong, 1/2 or more as long as hypanthium, margin entire, apex
39. Cerasus serrula (Franchet) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Fl. Rei- acute to obtuse. Petals white, ovate to long elliptic, apically
publ. Popularis Sin. 38: 80. 1986. emarginate or 2-lobed. Stamens 30–35(–50 in cultivated vari-
eties). Style nearly as long as stamens, glabrous. Drupe red,
细齿樱桃 xi chi ying tao subglobose, 0.9–1.3 cm in diam.; endocarp ± sculptured. Fl.
Prunus serrula Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 196. 1890; P. cera- Mar–Apr, fr. May–Jun.
soides Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don var. tibetica (Batalin) C. ● Sunny mountain slopes, sides of ravines, glades, usually cul-
K. Schneider; P. odontocalyx H. Léveillé; P. puddum Roxburgh tivated; 300–1300 m. Anhui, Chongqing (Nanchuan Xian), Fujian, Gan-
 ROSACEAE

su, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, ● Forests; 1200–1300 m. Chongqing (Nanchuan Xian), Guizhou.
Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
42. Cerasus yunnanensis (Franchet) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Fl.
41. Cerasus dielsiana (C. K. Schneider) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 64. 1986.
Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 59. 1986.
云南樱桃 yun nan ying tao
尾叶樱桃 wei ye ying tao Trees 4–8 m tall. Bark gray. Branchlets grayish brown,
Trees or shrubs, 5–10 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown, glabrous; young branchlets green, hirtellous, soon glabrescent.
glabrous; young branchlets glabrous or densely brown villous. Winter buds ovoid to long ovoid, glabrous. Stipules narrowly
Winter buds ovoid, glabrous. Stipules narrowly lorate, 0.8–1.5 lorate, slightly shorter than petiole, soon caducous, margin
cm, margin glandular serrate. Petiole 0.8–1.7 cm, densely glandular serrate. Petiole 6–12 mm, hirtellous to glabrous, gla-
spreading villous, glabrescent, with 1–3 nectaries at apex or on brescent, apex with 2 orbicular nectaries; leaf blade elliptic,
apical part; leaf blade elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 6–14 × 2.5– oblong, obovate-oblong, or ovate-oblong, 3.5–6 × 2–3.5 cm,
4.5 cm, abaxially pale green, densely spreading-villous on mid abaxially green, hirtellous when young, and more densely so
and secondary veins but other part pilose, adaxially dark green along veins, adaxially dark green and pilose, both surfaces gla-
and glabrous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin acutely brescent, base rounded to cuneate, margin acutely serrate and
serrate or biserrate and teeth with a minute apical gland, apex sometimes biserrate and teeth with a capitate apical gland, apex
caudate-acuminate; secondary veins 10–13 on either side of abruptly acute to acuminate; secondary veins 7–14 on either
midvein. Inflorescences umbellate or subumbellate, 2–6-flow- side of midvein. Inflorescences subcorymbose-racemose or long
ered; involucral bracts brown, long elliptic, adaxially densely
racemose, 3.5–7 cm, 3–9-flowered; involucral bracts brown,
appressed villous; peduncle 0.6–2 cm or nearly absent, spread-
elliptic, spatulate-oblong, or obovate-oblong, 3.5–12 mm, abax-
ing yellow villous; bracts ovate, 3–6 mm in diam., margin
ially glabrous or pilose, adaxially pilose, both surfaces glabre-
strongly fimbriate, fimbria with a long-stalked gland. Flowers
scent, margin glandular serrate, apex rounded; bracts brown to
opening before leaves or nearly so. Pedicel 1–3.5 cm, spreading
brown pilose. Hypanthium campanulate, 3.5–5 mm, outside pi- greenish, ovate to obovate, 2–3 mm in diam., membranous to
lose. Sepals elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, nearly twice as long leathery, margin glandular serrate. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm in diam.,
as hypanthium, reflexed, margin ciliate, apex acute to obtuse. opening at same time as leaves or slightly before. Pedicel 0.3–2
Petals white or pink, ovate, apically 2-lobed. Stamens 32–36, cm, hirtellous. Hypanthium tubular-campanulate, 3–5 × 3–4
nearly as long as petals. Style ± as long as stamens, glabrous. mm, outside densely hirtellous. Sepals ovate, nearly 1/2 or less
Drupe red, subglobose, 8–9 mm in diam.; endocarp smooth. Fl. as long as hypanthium, apex obtuse. Petals white, ovate to sub-
Mar–Apr, fr. May–Jun. orbicular, apex subundulate to emarginate. Stamens 33–45,
nearly as long as petals. Style basally pilose. Drupe purplish
● Forests, ravines, stream banks; 500–1400 m. Anhui, Chongqing,
red, ellipsoid to ovoid, 7–10 × 5–8 mm; endocarp ± sculptured.
Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi,
Sichuan. Fl. Mar–May, fr. May–Jun.
● Forests in ravines, mountain slopes, also cultivated; 1900–2600
1a. Inflorescences 3–6-flowered; peduncle m. Guangxi, W Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan.
0.6–2 cm ................................................ 41a. var. dielsiana
1b. Inflorescences 2(or 3)-flowered; peduncle 1a. Inflorescences subcorymbose-racemose,
very short to nearly absent ................. 41b. var. abbreviata 3–5(–7)-flowered; bracts deciduous
after anthesis ..................................... 42a. var. yunnanensis
41a. Cerasus dielsiana var. dielsiana 1b. Inflorescences long racemose,
尾叶樱桃(原变种) wei ye ying tao (yuan bian zhong) 5–9-flowered; bracts persistent
after anthesis ....................................... 42b. var. polybotrys
Prunus dielsiana C. K. Schneider, Repert. Spec. Nov.
Regni Veg. 1: 68. 1905; P. dielsiana var. conferta Koehne; P. 42a. Cerasus yunnanensis var. yunnanensis
dielsiana var. laxa Koehne; P. rufoides C. K. Schneider. 云南樱桃(原变种) yun nan ying tao (yuan bian zhong)
Inflorescences 3–6-flowered; peduncle 0.6–2 cm. Fl. Mar– Prunus yunnanensis Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 195. 1890;
Apr, fr. May–Jun. Cerasus duclouxii (Koehne) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li; P. duclouxii
● Forests, ravines, stream banks; 500–900 m. Anhui, Guangdong, Koehne; P. duclouxii var. hirtissima Koehne; P. hirtifolia
Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan. Koehne; P. macgregoriana Koehne.
41b. Cerasus dielsiana var. abbreviata (Cardot) T. T. Yu & Inflorescences subcorymbose-racemose, 3–5(–7)-flower-
C. L. Li, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 60. 1986. ed; involucral bracts deciduous after anthesis. Fl. Mar–May, fr.
May–Jun.
短梗尾叶樱桃 duan geng wei ye ying tao
● Forests in ravines, mountain slopes, also cultivated; 1900–2600
Prunus dielsiana var. abbreviata Cardot, Notul. Syst. (Par- m. Guangxi, W Hubei (Badong Xian), Sichuan, Yunnan.
is) 4(1): 29. 1920.
42b. Cerasus yunnanensis var. polybotrys (Koehne) T. T. Yu
Inflorescences 2(or 3)-flowered, rarely more; involucral
& C. L. Li, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 64. 1986.
bracts persistent; peduncle very short to nearly absent. Fl. Mar,
fr. May–Jun. 多花云南樱桃 duo hua yun nan ying tao
 ROSACEAE

Prunus yunnanensis Franchet var. polybotrys Koehne, 2–3 mm, outside appressed brown pubescent. Sepals lorate-
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 525. 1913. lanceolate, nearly as long as hypanthium, reflexed, apex obtuse.
Petals ovate, apically 2-lobed. Stamens ca. 40, shorter than
Inflorescences long racemes, 5–9-flowered; involucral
petals. Ovary and basal part of style sparsely hirtellous. Drupe
bracts persistent after anthesis. Fl. Apr–May, fr. May–Jun.
purplish red, ellipsoid, ca. 8 × 5 mm; endocarp sculptured. Fl.
● Mountain slopes; 2300–2500 m. Yunnan. Mar, fr. May.
43. Cerasus schneideriana (Koehne) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, Fl. ● Forests; 600–1300 m. Fujian, Guangxi, Zhejiang.
Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 60. 1986.
44. Cerasus yaoana W. L. Zheng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38: 195.
浙闽樱桃 zhe min ying tao 2000.
Prunus schneideriana Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 西藏樱桃 xi zang ying tao
242. 1912.
Trees to 8 m tall. Branchlets brown, hispid. Stipules long
Trees 2.5–6 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown; young subulate, 4–10 × ca. 0.5 mm, margin glandular serrate. Petiole
branchlets grayish green, densely grayish brown hirtellous. Win- 0.7–1.2 cm, sparsely hispid or subglabrous; leaf blade rhom-
ter buds ovoid, glabrous. Stipules brown, 4–7 mm, soon cad- boid-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 2.2–9 × 1.6–5 cm, abaxially stri-
ucous, margin with distant long-stalked glands. Petiole 5–8 gose on veins, adaxially sparsely strigose; secondary veins 6–12
mm, densely brown hirtellous, apex with 2(or 3) black nec- on either side of midvein. Inflorescences umbellate, (1 or)2- or
taries; leaf blade elliptic, ovate-oblong, or obovate-oblong, 4–8 3-flowered; involucral bracts green, leaflike, narrowly elliptic,
× 1.5–4.5 cm, abaxially grayish green, grayish yellow hirtel- margin glandular serrate; peduncle 0.7–2.8 cm, hairy; bracts
lous, and more densely hirtellous along veins, adaxially dark ovate-lanceolate. Flowers opening at same time as leaves, ca. 8
brown and subglabrous, base rounded to broadly cuneate, mar- mm in diam.; pedicel 3.5–4.8 cm, hairy. Hypanthium cylindric,
gin acuminately serrate and biserrate and teeth with a capitate ca. 6 × 3 mm. Sepals spreading, ovate, both surfaces sparsely
apical gland; secondary veins 8–11 on either side of midvein. long strigose, apex obtuse. Petals broadly ovate, abaxially hairy,
Inflorescences umbellate, (1 or)2(or 3)-flowered; involucral apex subrounded. Style much longer than stamens, base villous.
bracts oblong, apex rounded; peduncle 1.8–3.8 mm, hairy; Drupe ellipsoid, ca. 8 × 5 mm, apex sparsely villous. Fl. May,
bracts greenish brown, margin serrate, teeth with a stalked
fr. Jun–Jul.
conical apical gland. Flowers opening before leaves. Pedicel 1–
1.4 cm, densely brown hirtellous. Hypanthium tubular, 3–4 × ● Forests; ca. 3000 m. E Xizang (Nyingchi Xian).

The following taxa have been described from China, but we have seen no specimens and are therefore unable to treat them in
this account. Further revision is necessary.
Prunus bonatii Koehne (Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 265. 1912), 65. 1905), described from Shaanxi: G. Giraldi 3789.
described from Yunnan: Maire 3719. Prunus phyllopoda Koehne (in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 257. 1912), des-
Prunus canescens M. Vilmorin & Bois (Frutic. Vilmor. 66. 1904), des- cribed from Shaanxi: G. Giraldi s.n.
cribed from Hubei: E. H. Wilson 65. Prunus plurinervis Koehne (in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 208. 1912), des-
Prunus carcharias Koehne (in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 267. 1912), des- cribed from Sichuan: E. H. Wilson 907.
cribed from Chongqing: A. von Rosthorn s.n. Prunus pulchella Koehne (in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 197. 1912), des-
Prunus concinna Koehne (in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 210. 1912), des- cribed from Hubei: E. H. Wilson 2827.
cribed from Hubei: E. H. Wilson 2825. Prunus rossiana Koehne (in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 223. 1912), des-
Prunus giraldiana C. K. Schneider (Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 1: cribed from Hubei: E. H. Wilson 182.

52. PADUS Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr, ed. 4, [999]. 1754.

稠李属 chou li shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Bruce Bartholomew
Trees or shrubs, deciduous, many branched. Branches unarmed. Axillary winter buds ovoid; terminal bud present. Stipules
membranous, soon caducous. Leaves simple, alternate, conduplicate when young; petiole usually with 2 nectaries at apex or at base
of leaf blade margin; leaf blade margin serrate, rarely entire. Inflorescences terminal on current year’s branchlets, racemose, many
flowered, base with a soon caducous involucre formed by floral bud scales; peduncle usually with leaves. Hypanthium campanulate
to cup-shaped. Sepals 5. Petals 5, white. Stamens 10 or more, inserted on rim of hypanthium. Ovary superior, 1-loculed; ovules 2,
collateral, pendulous. Style terminal, elongated; stigma flat. Fruit a drupe, glabrous, not glaucous, without a longitudinal groove;
mesocarp succulent, not splitting when ripe; endocarp bony.
About 20 species: mostly in N temperate regions; 16 species (nine endemic) in China.

1a. Racemes basally leafless; sepals persistent in fruit.

2a. Branchlets and abaxial surface of leaf blades glabrous; peduncle subglabrous to sparsely pubescent ........... 1. P. buergeriana
2b. Branchlets pubescent and leaf blades pubescent at least on veins; peduncle densely pubescent.
3a. Leaf blade margin acutely serrate; inflorescence base without squamose involucral bracts ........................... 2. P. stellipila
 ROSACEAE

3b. Leaf blade margin serrulate; inflorescence base with persistent squamose involucral bracts ......................... 3. P. perulata
1b. Racemes basally leafy (usually leafless in P. maackii and P. laxiflora); sepals soon caducous in fruit.
4a. Inflorescence base leafless or sometimes with 1 or 2 small bracts near base; leaves abaxially glandular or
eglandular.
5a. Leaf blade abaxially glandular, midvein pubescent .......................................................................................... 4. P. maackii
5b. Leaf blade not glandular, midvein sericeous-villous ........................................................................................ 5. P. laxiflora
4b. Inflorescence base leafy; leaf blade abaxially non-glandular.
6a. Peduncles and pedicels thickened, conspicuously pale lenticellate in fruit.
7a. Branchlets and abaxial surface of leaf blades glabrous or very rarely sparsely pubescent when
young .................................................................................................................................................. 15. P. napaulensis
7b. Branchlets and abaxial surface of leaf blades pubescent .......................................................................... 16. P. wilsonii
6b. Peduncles and pedicels not thickened and not lenticellate in fruit.
8a. Style exserted .............................................................................................................................................. 6. P. grayana
8b. Style not exserted (not seen in P. brunnescens or P. integrifolia).
9a. Style 1/2 as long as stamens; pedicel 1–1.5(–2.4) cm ............................................................................. 7. P. avium
9b. Style nearly as long as stamens (not seen in P. brunnescens or P. integrifolia); pedicel shorter than
1 cm.
10a. Leaf blade margin serrulate ....................................................................................................... 14. P. cornuta
10b. Leaf blade margin entire, crenulate, or serrate.
11a. Leaf blade margin aristate serrate; inflorescences 16–30 cm.
12a. Leaf blade elliptic to ovate-oblong, abaxially brown pubescent; peduncles
and pedicels brown pubescent ........................................................................... 8. P. brunnescens
12b. Leaf blade oblong to rarely elliptic or lanceolate, glabrous; peduncles and
pedicels not brown pubescent.
13a. Petiole 1.5–4.2 cm; peduncle with very small leaves at base; pedicels
glabrous .............................................................................................................. 10. P. ssiori
13b. Petiole 1.5–2.3 cm; peduncle with larger leaves at base; pedicels
pubescent .................................................................................................. 9. P. brachypoda
11b. Leaf blade margin not aristate serrate; inflorescences 8–15 cm.
14a. Leaf blade margin entire or very rarely apically sparsely serrate ..................... 13. P. integrifolia
14b. Leaf blade margin crenulate or appressed serrate.
15a. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous; branchlets glabrous or pubescent; peduncles
and pedicels pubescent ................................................................................. 11. P. obtusata
15b. Leaf blade abaxially velutinous; branchlets velutinous; peduncles and
pedicels velutinous ........................................................................................ 12. P. velutina

1. Padus buergeriana (Miquel) T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Fl. side glabrous or sparsely pubescent, margin irregularly serru-
Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 91. 1986. late, apex acute. Petals white, broadly ovate, base cuneate to
shortly clawed, margin apically erose. Stamens 10. Ovary gla-
橉木 lin mu
brous. Style ca. 1/2 as long as stamens; stigma discoid to semi-
Prunus buergeriana Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno- rounded. Drupe blackish brown, subglobose to ovoid, ca. 5 mm
Batavi 2: 92. 1865–1866; Laurocerasus buergeriana (Miquel) in diam., glabrous. Fl. Apr–May, fr. May–Oct.
C. K. Schneider; P. adenodonta Merrill; P. buergeriana var. Dense forests on slopes, along trails, sunny places on slopes;
nudiuscula Koehne; P. venosa Koehne. 1000–3400 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou,
Trees 6–12(–25) m tall. Branches brown; branchlets pur- Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tai-
wan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, Japan, Korea, Sikkim].
plish brown, usually glabrous, with pale lenticels. Winter buds
ovoid to conical, usually glabrous; scale margins rarely ciliate. 2. Padus stellipila (Koehne) T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Fl. Reipubl.
Stipules linear, margin glandular serrate, apex acuminate. Peti- Popularis Sin. 38: 92. 1986.
ole 1–1.5 cm, usually glabrous; leaf blade elliptic, oblong-ellip-
tic, or rarely obovate-elliptic, 4–10 × 2.5–5 cm, both surfaces 星毛稠李 xing mao chou li
glabrous, abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, base Prunus stellipila Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 61.
rounded, broadly cuneate, or occasionally cuneate, margin
1911.
acutely appressed serrate, apex caudate-acuminate to shortly
acuminate. Racemes 6–9 cm, usually 20–30-flowered, base leaf- Trees 6–9 m tall. Branches blackish brown, glabrous, with
less; peduncle subglabrous to sparsely pubescent. Flowers 5–7 pale lenticels; branchlets grayish brown, densely velutinous.
mm in diam. Pedicel ca. 2 mm, to 3 mm in fruit, subglabrous to Winter buds conical; scale margin glabrous or pubescent. Stip-
sparsely pubescent, glabrescent. Hypanthium campanulate, out- ules linear-lanceolate, margin glandular serrate, apex acumi-
side glabrous. Sepals triangular-ovate, persistent in fruit, out- nate. Petiole 5–8 mm, pubescent, without nectaries; leaf blade
 ROSACEAE

elliptic, narrowly oblong, or rarely obovate-oblong, 1–10(–13) when young. Winter buds ovoid, glabrous or with scale margins
× 2.5–4 cm, abaxially brown stellate hairy on veins or in vein ciliate. Stipules linear, margin glandular, apex acuminate. Peti-
axils, adaxially glabrous or pubescent only on midvein and ole 1–1.5 cm, pubescent, rarely subglabrous, apically or some-
secondary veins, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin irreg- times at leaf blade base with 2 nectaries; leaf blade elliptic,
ularly spreading and acutely serrate, apex caudate, long acumi- rhombic-ovate, or rarely oblong-obovate, 4–8 × 2.8–5 cm,
nate, or rarely acute. Racemes 5–8 cm, many flowered, base abaxially pale green, purplish brown glandular, and pubescent
leafless; peduncle velutinous. Flowers 3–7 mm in diam. Pedicel on midvein, adaxially dark green and pubescent to subglabrous
2–4 cm, velutinous, glabrescent. Hypanthium campanulate. Se- on veins, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin irregularly
pals triangular, persistent in fruit, outside glabrous, margin and acutely glandular serrate, apex caudate-acuminate to shortly
glandular serrulate, apex obtuse. Petals white, broadly obovate, acuminate. Racemes 5–7 cm, many flowered, base leafless;
base cuneate and shortly clawed, margin apically erose. Sta- peduncle sparsely pubescent. Flowers 8–10 mm in diam. Pedi-
mens 10. Ovary glabrous. Style slightly shorter than stamens. cel 4–6 mm, to 7 mm in fruit, sparsely pubescent, glabrescent.
Drupe black, subglobose, 5–6 mm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Apr– Hypanthium campanulate, outside pubescent. Sepals triangular
May, fr. May–Oct. to ovate-lanceolate, soon caducous, outside pubescent, margin
irregularly glandular serrate, apex long acuminate. Petals white,
● Slopes, along trails, scrub; 1000–1800 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hu- oblong-obovate, base cuneate and shortly clawed, margin api-
bei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang. cally erose. Stamens 25–30. Ovary glabrous. Style slightly
3. Padus perulata (Koehne) T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Fl. Reipubl. shorter than stamens; stigma disk-shaped. Drupe purple,
Popularis Sin. 38: 92. 1986. subglobose, 5–7 mm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–
Oct.
宿鳞稠李 su lin chou li
Sparse forests on sunny slopes, forest margins, under pine woods,
Prunus perulata Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 61. stream sides; 800–2000 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Korea, Russia
1911. (Far East)].

Trees 6–12 m tall. Branches blackish brown to reddish 5. Padus laxiflora (Koehne) T. C. Ku, comb. nov.
brown, glabrous, with pale lenticels; branchlets reddish brown 疏花稠李 shu hua chou li
to purplish brown, velutinous when young. Winter buds ovoid,
glabrous or sometimes pubescent at scale margins. Stipules li- Basionym: Prunus laxiflora Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wil-
near-lanceolate, margin glandular serrate, apex acuminate. Peti- son. 1: 70. 1911; Cerasus laxiflora (Koehne) C. L. Li & S. Y.
ole 1.2–2.5 cm, velutinous when young, non-glandular; leaf Jiang.
blade oblong-obovate, to obovate-oblanceolate, rarely elliptic, Trees to 10 m tall. Trunk to 40 cm d.b.h. Branches dark
5–11 × 3–5.5 cm, abaxially pale green, hairy on midvein, and brown or tinged black, glabrescent, lenticels few and small;
barbate in vein axils, adaxially dark green and glabrous, base young branchlets puberulent. Stipules narrowly linear, 5–10
rounded to broadly cuneate, margin appressed serrulate, apex mm, pubescent. Petiole 7–12 mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade
acute to shortly acuminate. Racemes 5–10 cm, many flowered, obovate-oblong to broadly so, 3.5–6 × 1.6–2.7 cm, abaxially
base leafless; involucral bracts persistent; peduncle velutinous, glabrous except sericeous-villous along veins, more densely so
glabrescent. Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Pedicel ca. 2 mm, to 8 along midvein, and not papillose, adaxially light green and gla-
mm in fruit, velutinous, glabrescent. Hypanthium campanulate, brous except pubescent-villous along midvein, base broadly cu-
outside glabrous. Sepals triangular-ovate, persistent in fruit, neate and with 2 flattened nectaries, margin incised subdup-
outside glabrous, margin glandular, apex acute. Petals white, licate-serrulate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences laxly racemose,
nearly suborbicular to ovate, apically undulate. Stamens 10. 4.5–7 cm, 6–12-flowered, rachis appressed pubescent; peduncle
Ovary glabrous. Style slightly shorter than stamens; stigma 0.7–1.7 cm, sometimes with 1 or 2 brown sterile bracts, ap-
disk-shaped. Drupe black, subglobose, 7–8 mm in diam., gla- pressed pubescent; bracts basally on rachis 4–10 mm, gradually
brous. Fl. Apr–May, fr. May–Oct. shortened to 1 mm apically, persistent. Pedicel ca. 1.8 cm for
● Mixed forests, sparse forests beside streams, river sides, valleys; basalmost flowers, ca. 2 mm for apical flowers, laxly villous.
1800–3200 m. W Sichuan, NW Yunnan. Hypanthium semiglobose-campanulate, ca. 3 × 3 mm, outside
basally pilose. Sepals triangular, as long as hypanthium, margin
4. Padus maackii (Ruprecht) Komarov in Komarov & Alis-
with horizontally spreading somewhat long glandular fimbria-
sova, Key Pl. Far. East URSS 2: 657. 1932.
tions, apex acute. Petals white or pink, apex rounded, emargi-
斑叶稠李 ban ye chou li nate, or parted. Stamens 15–50. Ovary and style hairy or gla-
brous. Endocarp globose to ovoid, smooth or ± rugose. Fl. May.
Prunus maackii Ruprecht, Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad.
Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 15: 361. 1857; Cerasus maackii ● Woods; ca. 1700 m. W Hubei.
(Ruprecht) G. V. Eremin & V. S. Simagin; Laurocerasus 6. Padus grayana (Maximowicz) C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb.
maackii (Ruprecht) C. K. Schneider; Padus maackii f. lanceo- Laubholzk. 1: 640. 1906.
lata T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku.
灰叶稠李 hui ye chou li
Trees 4–10 m tall. Branches blackish to yellowish brown,
glabrous, with pale lenticels; branchlets reddish, pubescent Prunus grayana Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-
 ROSACEAE

Pétersbourg 29: 107. 1884; Padus acrophylla C. K. Schneider; 2b. Branchlets, petioles, abaxial surface
Prunus padus Linnaeus var. japonica Miquel. of leaf blades, and inflorescences
pubescent ........................................... 7c. var. asiatica
Trees 8–10(–16) m tall. Branches blackish brown, gla-
brous, with pale lenticels; branchlets reddish brown to grayish 7a. Padus avium var. avium
green, velutinous when young. Winter buds ovoid, glabrous or 稠李(原变种) chou li (yuan bian zhong)
sometimes sparsely pubescent at scale margins. Stipules linear,
margin glandular, apex acuminate. Petiole 5–10 mm, usually Cerasus padus (Linnaeus) Delarbre; Padus germanica
glabrous; leaf blade grayish green, ovate-oblong to oblong, 4– Borkhausen; P. vulgaris Borkhausen; P. racemosa (Lamarck)
10 × 1.8–4 cm, glabrous or abaxially pubescent on midvein, Gilibert; Prunus padus Linnaeus; P. racemosa Lamarck.
base rounded to subcordate, margin acutely serrate or incised, Branchlets, abaxial surface of leaf blades, petioles, and in-
apex long acuminate to long caudate. Racemes 5–8 cm, dense, florescences glabrous. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. May–Oct.
many flowered, basally with 2–4(or 5) leaves; peduncle gla-
brous. Flowers 7–8 mm in diam. Pedicel 2–4 mm, 6–9 mm in Slopes, valleys, thickets; 800–2600 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, He-
nan, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shandong, Shanxi [Japan, Korea, Russia].
fruit, glabrous. Hypanthium campanulate, outside glabrous. Se-
pals triangular-ovate, soon caducous, outside glabrous, margin 7b. Padus avium var. pubescens (Regel & Tiling) T. C. Ku &
serrulate, apex acute. Petals white, oblong-obovate, base cune- B. Bartholomew, comb. nov.
ate and shortly clawed, margin apically erose; stamens 20–30.
毛叶稠李 mao ye chou li
Ovary glabrous. Style long and exserted; stigma discoid. Drupe
blackish brown, ovoid-globose, 5–6 mm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Basionym: Prunus padus Linnaeus var. pubescens Regel
Apr–May, fr. Jun–Sep. & Tiling, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 79.
1858; Padus racemosa var. pubescens (Regel & Tiling) C. K.
Mixed forests in valleys, shady places on slopes, along trails;
Schneider; P. beijingensis Y. L. Han & C. Y. Yang.
1000–3800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan,
Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan]. Branchlets, abaxial surface of leaf blades, petioles, and
inflorescences densely brown villous. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Oct.
7. Padus avium Miller, Gard. Dict ed. 8. Padus no. 1, 1778.
● Forest on slopes, thickets in valleys, moist slopes; 1200–2000
稠李 chou li m. Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi.
Trees to 15 m tall. Branches purple to brownish gray, with 7c. Padus avium var. asiatica (Komarov) T. C. Ku & B. Bar-
pale lenticels; branchlets reddish brown, glabrous, pubescent, or tholomew, comb. nov.
densely brown villous. Winter buds ovoid, glabrous or with cili-
北亚稠李 bei ya chou li
ate scale margins. Stipules linear, margin glandular serrate, ap-
ex acuminate. Petiole 1–1.5 cm, glabrous, pubescent, or densely Basionym: Padus asiatica Komarov, Fl. URSS 10: 578.
brown villous, apically with 2 nectaries; leaf blade abaxially 1941; P. racemosa var. asiatica (Komarov) T. T. Yu & T. C.
pale green, adaxially dark green, elliptic, oblong, or oblong-ob- Ku.
ovate, 4–10 × 2–4.5 cm, glabrous, pubescent, or densely brown Branchlets, petioles, abaxial surface of leaf blades, and in-
villous, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin irregularly and florescences pubescent. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Oct.
acutely serrate or sometimes biserrate, apex caudate. Racemes
Broad-leaved evergreen forests, forest margins, slopes, stream
7–10 cm, 7- or 8-flowered, glabrous, pubescent, or densely
sides; 800–2700 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei
brown villous, basally with 1 or 2 leaves. Flowers 1–1.6 cm in
Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia (Si-
diam. Pedicel 1–1.5(–2.4) cm. Hypanthium campanulate, out- beria)].
side glabrous. Sepals triangular-ovate, soon caducous, outside
glabrous, margin glandular, apex acute to obtuse. Petals white, 8. Padus brunnescens T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Acta Phytotax.
oblong, base shortly clawed. Stamens many. Ovary glabrous. Sin. 23: 211. 1985.
Style 1/2 as long as stamens; stigma disk-shaped. Drupe red- 褐毛稠李 he mao chou li
dish brown to black, ovoid-globose, 8–10 cm in diam.,
smooth. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. May–Oct. Trees 7–12 m tall. Branches blackish brown, glabrous,
with pale lenticels; branchlets reddish brown to purplish brown,
Forests, forest margins, thickets, slopes, valleys, stream sides; brown velutinous, glabrescent. Winter buds ovoid, usually gla-
800–2700 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei brous. Stipules linear, margin entire, apex obtuse. Petiole 1.5–
Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Japan, Korea,
2.3 cm, glabrous or brown pubescent; leaf blade elliptic to
Mongolia, Russia].
ovate-oblong, 8–14 × 4–8 cm, abaxially brownish and densely
1a. Branchlets, petioles, abaxial surface of leaf brown pubescent at least on veins or tufted in vein axils, adax-
blades, and inflorescences glabrous ............ 7a. var. avium ially dark green and glabrous, base cordate to rarely rounded,
1b. Branchlets, petioles, abaxial surface of leaf margin acutely appressed serrate with teeth apically aristate,
blades, and inflorescences densely villous apex acute to caudate. Racemes 17–22 cm, many flowered, ba-
or pubescent. sally with 1–3 leaves; peduncle brown pubescent. Flowers not
2a. Branchlets, petioles, abaxial surface seen. Fruiting pedicel ca. 4 mm, brown pubescent. Drupe red-
of leaf blades, and inflorescences dish brown to purplish brown, globose to ovoid, ca. 5 mm in
densely brown villous ................... 7b. var. pubescens diam., glabrous; sepals soon caducous. Fl. May, fr. Jun–Jul.
 ROSACEAE

● Margins of dense forests, slopes, stream sides; 2000–3000 m. ● Mixed forests. W Hubei (Zigui Xian).
SW Sichuan, Yunnan.
10. Padus ssiori (F. Schmidt) C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb.
9. Padus brachypoda (Batalin) C. K. Schneider, Repert. Spec. Laubholzk. 1: 641. 1906.
Nov. Regni Veg. 1: 69. 1905.
库页稠李 ku ye chou li
短梗稠李 duan geng chou li
Prunus ssiori F. Schmidt, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pé-
Trees 8–10 m tall. Branches blackish, glabrous; branchlets tersbourg, Sér. 7, 12(2): 124. 1868.
blackish brown, glabrous, with sparse lenticels; young branch-
lets reddish brown, velutinous to subglabrous. Winter buds Trees to 7 m tall. Branchlets glabrous. Petiole 1.5–4.2 cm,
ovoid, usually glabrous. Stipules linear, margin glandular ser- glabrous, with nectaries near apex; leaf blade oblong to ovate,
rate, apex acuminate. Petiole 1.5–2.3 cm, glabrous, apically 7–15 × 3–7 cm, abaxially glabrous or hairy in vein axils, adax-
with 2 nectaries; leaf blade oblong to rarely elliptic or lanceo- ially glabrous, base usually cordate or deeply so, margin simply
late, 6–16 × 3–7 cm, abaxially pale green and glabrous or with or doubly sharply serrate, apex acuminate. Racemes 15–20 cm,
tufted hairs in vein axils, adaxially dark green and glabrous, densely many flowered, glabrous, base with very small leaves.
base rounded, subcordate, or rarely truncate, margin appressed Flowers ca. 10 mm in diam. Pedicel 7–8 mm, glabrous. Hyp-
to spreading serrate or curved serrate with teeth apically shortly anthium cup-shaped. Sepals semiorbicular, short, margin glan-
aristate, apex acute, acuminate, or shortly caudate. Racemes dular dentate. Petals spreading, white, oblong, 4–5 mm, nearly
16–30 cm, many flowered, basally with 1–3 leaves; peduncle as long as stamens, margin sparsely serrate. Drupe black, glo-
pubescent. Flowers 5–7 mm in diam. Pedicel 5–7 mm, pubes- bose. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
cent. Hypanthium campanulate, base persistent in fruit, outside Probably cultivated. NE China [native to N Japan and Russia (S
sparsely pubescent. Sepals triangular-ovate, caducous in fruit, Sakhalin)].
outside sparsely pubescent, margin glandular serrate, apex
The present authors have seen no specimens of this species; the
acute. Petals white, obovate, base cuneate and shortly clawed, above description is based mainly on the protologue.
margin apically erose or undulate. Stamens 25–27. Ovary gla-
brous. Style slightly shorter than stamens; stigma disk-shaped. 11. Padus obtusata (Koehne) T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Fl. Rei-
Drupe purplish red but blackish brown with age, globose, 5–7 publ. Popularis Sin. 38: 101. 1986.
mm in diam. Fl. Apr–May, fr. May–Oct. 细齿稠李 xi chi chou li
● Mixed forests, thickets on slopes, valleys; 1000–2500 m. Anhui,
Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, W Hubei, Hunan, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Prunus obtusata Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 66.
Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang. 1911; Padus brachypoda (Batalin) C. K. Schneider var. pubi-
gera C. K. Schneider; Prunus bicolor Koehne; P. ohwii
1a. Leaf blade margin appressed to spreading Kanehira & Hatusima; P. pubigera (C. K. Schneider) Koehne;
serrate, apex acute, acuminate, or rarely P. pubigera var. longifolia Cardot; P. pubigera var. obovata
shortly caudate .................................... 9a. var. brachypoda Koehne; P. pubigera var. ohwii (Kanehira & Hatusima ex
1b. Leaf blade margin curved serrate, apex Kanehira) S. S. Ying; P. pubigera var. potaninii Koehne; P. pu-
shortly caudate .................................... 9b. var. microdonta bigera var. prattii Koehne; P. vaniotii H. Léveillé; P. vaniotii
9a. Padus brachypoda var. brachypoda var. obovata (Koehne) Rehder; P. vaniotii var. potaninii (Koeh-
ne) Rehder.
短梗稠李(原变种) duan geng chou li (yuan bian zhong)
Trees 6–20 m tall. Branches purplish brown to dark
Prunus brachypoda Batalin, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk.
brown, glabrous, with sparse lenticels; branchlets reddish brown
Bot. Sada 12: 166. 1892; Padus brachypoda var. eglandulosa
when young, pubescent or glabrous. Winter buds ovoid, gla-
(Cheng) H. J. Wang; Prunus brachypoda var. eglandulosa
brous. Stipules linear, margin glandular serrate, apex acumi-
Cheng; P. brachypoda var. pseudossiori Koehne.
nate. Petiole 1–2.2 cm, pubescent or glabrous, apex usually
Leaf blade oblong to rarely elliptic, margin appressed to with a nectary on either side; leaf blade narrowly oblong, el-
spreading serrate, apex acute, acuminate, or rarely shortly cau- liptic, or obovate, 4.5–11 × 2–4.5 cm, both surfaces glabrous,
date. abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, base subrounded,
● Thickets on slopes, valleys; 1000–2500 m. Anhui, Gansu, Gui- broadly cuneate, or rarely subcordate, margin crenulate, apex
zhou, Hebei, Henan, Hunan, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhe- acute, acuminate, or rarely obtuse; midvein and secondary veins
jiang. abaxially prominent. Racemes 10–15 cm, many flowered, ba-
sally with 2 leaves; peduncle pubescent. Flowers 8–10 mm in
9b. Padus brachypoda var. microdonta (Koehne) T. T. Yu &
diam. Pedicel 3–7 mm, pubescent. Hypanthium campanulate,
T. C. Ku, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 99. 1986.
outside pubescent. Sepals triangular-ovate, soon caducous, out-
细齿短梗稠李 xi chi duan geng chou li side subglabrous, margin crenulate, apex acute. Petals white,
suborbicular to oblong, base cuneate and shortly clawed, mar-
Prunus brachypoda Batalin var. microdonta Koehne in
gin apically erose or undulate. Stamens many. Ovary glabrous.
Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 66. 1911.
Style slightly shorter than stamens; stigma discoid. Drupe
Leaf blade oblong to lanceolate, margin curved serrate, black, ovoid-globose, 6–8 mm in diam., glabrous. Fl. May–Jun,
apex shortly caudate. fr. Jul–Sep.
 ROSACEAE

● Mixed forests on slopes, valleys, stream sides; 800–3600 m. Cerasus cornuta Wallich ex Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts.
Anhui, S Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, 207. 1835; Padus cornuta var. glabra Fritsch ex C. K.
Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang. Schneider; Prunus cornuta (Wallich ex Royle) Steudel.
12. Padus velutina (Batalin) C. K. Schneider, Repert. Spec. Trees 3–15 m tall. Branches blackish brown, glabrous,
Nov. Regni Veg. 1: 69. 1905. with sparse oblong lenticels; branchlets purplish brown, glab-
毡毛稠李 zhan mao chou li rous or sometimes velutinous. Winter buds ovoid, usually gla-
brous. Stipules linear, margin glandular serrate, apex acumi-
Prunus velutina Batalin, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. nate. Petiole 1–2.3 cm, glabrous or subglabrous, apex with 2
Sada 14: 168. 1895. nectaries; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to oblong, rarely oblong-
Trees 7–20 m tall. Branches blackish brown, glabrous, lanceolate or obovate, 6–11 × 3–5 cm, abaxially pale green and
sparsely lenticellate; branchlets reddish brown, velutinous to glabrous or with tufts of hair at veins axils, adaxially dark
subglabrous. Winter buds ovoid; scale margins velutinous when green and glabrous, base subcordate to broadly cuneate, margin
young. Stipules linear, margin glandular serrate, apex acumi- sparsely serrulate, apex shortly acuminate to shortly caudate.
nate. Petiole 1.5–2.5 cm, densely brown velutinous, apex with a Racemes 8–16 cm, many flowered, basally with 1–3 leaves;
nectary on either side; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, or occasionally peduncle velutinous. Flowers 6–8 mm in diam. Pedicel 5–7
obovate, 6–10 × 3–5.5 cm, abaxially pale green to brownish mm, velutinous. Hypanthium campanulate, outside basally vel-
utinous, inside glabrous. Sepals triangular-ovate, soon cadu-
green, velutinous, and densely velutinous along midvein and
cous, outside glabrous, margin glandular serrulate, apex obtuse.
veins, adaxially dark green and glabrous, base rounded, margin
Petals white, obovate, base cuneate and shortly clawed, margin
appressed serrate, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Racemes
apically erose. Stamens 20–25. Ovary glabrous. Style slightly
10–15 cm, many flowered, basally with 2–4 leaves; peduncle
shorter than stamens; stigma disk-shaped. Drupe black-brown,
densely velutinous. Flowers 8–10 mm in diam. Pedicel ca. 5
ovoid-globose, ca. 8 mm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Apr–May, fr.
mm, to 6 mm in fruit, densely velutinous, nearly glabrescent in
May–Oct.
fruit. Hypanthium cup-shaped, outside glabrous. Sepals triangu-
lar to semiorbicular, soon caducous, outside glabrous, margin Secondary forests, slopes, along trails; 2700–3300 m. S Xizang
glandular serrate, apex obtuse to acute. Petals white, oblong, (Cona Xian, Yadong Xian) [Afghanistan, Bhutan, N India, Nepal, Sik-
base cuneate and shortly clawed, apex obtuse. Stamens 22–28. kim].
Ovary glabrous. Style slightly shorter than stamens; stigma 15. Padus napaulensis (Seringe) C. K. Schneider, Repert.
oblique. Drupe reddish brown, globose, 5–7 mm in diam., gla- Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 1: 68. 1905.
brous. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Oct.
粗梗稠李 cu geng chou li
● Scrub in valleys, stream sides; 1000–1600 m. Hebei, Henan,
Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan. Cerasus napaulensis Seringe in Candolle, Prodr. 2: 540.
1825; Prunus napaulensis (Seringe) Steudel.
13. Padus integrifolia T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Acta Phytotax.
Sin. 23: 212. 1985. Trees to 27 m tall. Branches blackish brown, glabrous,
with conspicuous pale lenticels; branchlets reddish brown, gla-
全缘叶稠李 quan yuan ye chou li
brous. Winter buds ovoid, glabrous. Stipules linear, margin
Trees 2–7 m tall. Branches purplish brown to blackish glandular serrate, apex acuminate. Petiole 0.8–1.5 cm, glabrous,
brown, glabrous, with sparse pale lenticels; branchlets reddish without nectaries; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or
brown, velutinous, glabrescent. Winter buds ovoid; scale mar- elliptic-lanceolate, 6–14 × 2–6 cm, abaxially pale green and
gins velutinous when young. Stipules not seen. Petiole 1.5–2.2 glabrous or very rarely sparsely pubescent when young, adaxi-
cm, densely velutinous, apex with 1 nectary; leaf blade elliptic, ally dark green and glabrous, base cuneate, margin coarsely ser-
ovate-elliptic, or rarely oblong, 7–10(–12) × 3–4.5 cm, abax- rate or sometimes undulate, apex acute to shortly acuminate.
ially pale green and glabrous, adaxially dark green and velu- Racemes 7–14 cm, many flowered, basally with 2 or 3 leaves;
tinous on midvein or basally on secondary veins, base sub- peduncle glabrous or subglabrous, later thickened and with pale
rounded, subcordate, or broadly cuneate, margin entire or very lenticels. Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Pedicel 4–6 mm, conspic-
rarely apically sparsely serrate, apex shortly acuminate. Race- uously thickened in fruit, velutinous, glabrescent or nearly so,
mes 8–13 cm, many flowered, basally with 1–3 leaves; pe- with conspicuous pale lenticels in fruit. Hypanthium cup-shap-
duncle densely velutinous. Flowers not seen. Fruiting pedicel ed, outside pubescent to subglabrous. Sepals triangular-ovate,
4–6 mm, densely velutinous. Drupe black, ovoid, flat on both soon caducous, outside pubescent, margin serrulate, apex acu-
sides, 6–7 mm in diam., glabrous; sepals soon caducous. Fr. minate. Petals white, obovate-oblong, base cuneate and shortly
Jun–Oct. clawed, margin apically erose. Stamens 22–27. Ovary glabrous.
● Forests, stream sides, valleys, along trails; 2900–3200 m. S Style longer than stamens; stigma disk-shaped. Drupe dark pur-
Xizang. ple to black, ovoid, 1–3 cm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Apr, fr. Jul.

14. Padus cornuta (Wallich ex Royle) Carrière, Rev. Hort. Broad-leaved evergreen or deciduous mixed forests, open places
1869: 275. 1869. beside streams; 1200–2500 m. Anhui, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaan-
xi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, N Myanmar, Nepal, Sik-
光萼稠李 guang e chou li kim].
 ROSACEAE

16. Padus wilsonii C. K. Schneider, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni and later brownish silky pubescent but conspicuously more so
Veg. 1: 69. 1905. on midvein and veins, adaxially dark green to purplish green,
base rounded, cuneate, or broadly cuneate, margin rounded to
绢毛稠李 juan mao chou li sometimes acutely serrate, apex shortly acuminate to shortly
Padus napaulensis (Seringe) C. K. Schneider var. sericea caudate. Racemes 7–14 cm, many flowered, basally with 3–5
(Batalin) C. K. Schneider; Prunus dunniana H. Léveillé; P. leaves; peduncle thickened in age, brown silky pubescent.
napaulensis (Seringe) Steudel var. sericea Batalin; P. rufomi- Flowers 6–8 mm in diam. Pedicel 5–8 mm, to 1 cm in fruit,
cans Koehne; P. sericea (Batalin) Koehne; P. sericea var. bata- thickened and densely covered with pale lenticels with age,
linii Koehne; P. sericea var. brevifolia Koehne; P. sericea var. brown silky pubescent. Hypanthium campanulate to cup-shap-
septentrionalis Koehne; P. wilsonii (C. K. Schneider) Koehne; ed, outside silky pubescent. Sepals triangular-ovate, soon cadu-
cous, outside silky pubescent, inside sparsely pubescent but
P. wilsonii var. leiobotrys Koehne.
margin densely so, margin serrulate, apex acute. Petals white,
Trees 10–30 m tall. Branches purplish brown to blackish obovate-oblong, base cuneate and shortly clawed, margin api-
brown, robust, pubescent to subglabrous, with conspicuous pale cally erose. Stamens ca. 20. Ovary glabrous. Style slightly long-
lenticels; branchlets reddish brown, pubescent. Winter buds er than stamens; stigma disk-shaped. Drupe reddish brown at
ovoid, glabrous or pubescent at scale margins. Stipules linear, first, becoming blackish purple, globose to ovoid, 8–10 mm in
margin hairy when young, apex long acuminate. Petiole 7–8 diam., glabrous. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Oct.
mm, glabrous or pubescent, apex with 2 nectaries; leaf blade ● Slopes, valleys; 900–2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guang-
elliptic, oblong, or oblong-obovate, 6–14(–17) × 3–6 cm, abax- dong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan,
ially pale green, densely white silky pubescent when young, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

53. LAUROCERASUS Duhamel, Traité Arbr. Arbust. 1: 345. 1755.

桂樱属 gui ying shu
Lu Lingdi (陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti); Bruce Bartholomew
Trees or shrubs, evergreen or very rarely deciduous. Branches unarmed. Stipules small, free or sometimes connate, soon cadu-
cous. Leaves simple, alternate, conduplicate when young, usually with 2 to rarely several nectaries on petiole, at base on leaf blade
abaxial surface, or along leaf blade margin; leaf blade margin entire or serrate. Inflorescences axillary, usually racemose, rarely in a
fascicle, very rarely paniculate, usually with more than 10 flowers; bracts small, soon caducous, basal ones usually sterile and with a
tripartite or tridentate apex; bracteoles often absent. Flowers usually bisexual, sometimes male with ovary ± reduced. Hypanthium
cup-shaped to campanulate. Sepals 5. Petals 5, white, longer than sepals. Stamens 10–50, in 2 whorls, inner ones shorter. Ovary
superior, 1-loculed, glabrous or sometimes pubescent; ovules 2, collateral. Style terminal; stigma disk-shaped. Fruit a drupe; meso-
carp succulent, not splitting when ripe; endocarp bony or woody, surface smooth or rugose.
About 80 species: Asia, Europe, New Guinea, North and South America; 13 species (six endemic) in China.

1a. Leaf blade abaxially scatteredly purplish black or black punctate.

2a. Leaf blade herbaceous to subleathery, apex long caudate, tertiary veins conspicuous on both surfaces; drupe
subglobose to transversely ellipsoid, 8–10 mm in diam., wider than long; endocarp smooth .......................... 1. L. phaeosticta
2b. Leaf blade thickly leathery, apex acute to shortly acuminate, tertiary veins very inconspicuous to nearly
invisible on both surfaces; drupe elongated ovoid-globose to ellipsoid, 6–8 mm in diam., longer than wide;
endocarp slightly reticulately rugose ....................................................................................................................... 2. L. fordiana
1b. Leaf blade abaxially not scatteredly purplish black or black punctate.
3a. Leaf blade abaxially densely pubescent.
4a. Petioles 6–10 mm, often with a pair of basal nectaries; leaf blade elliptic to elliptic-oblong, densely
gray pubescent abaxially, margin ± densely coarsely serrate; drupe ovoid-oblong, 1–1.2 cm in diam.,
apex acute ...................................................................................................................................................... 3. L. hypotricha
4b. Petioles 10–15 mm, without nectaries; leaf blade ovate-oblong to oblong, densely yellowish pubescent
abaxially, margin indistinctly shallowly obtusely serrate apically from middle; drupe broadly oblong,
1.4–1.7 cm in diam., apex obtuse .............................................................................................................. 4. L. menghaiensis
3b. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous.
5a. Rachises and pedicels glabrous.
6a. Leaf blade elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, margin entire or rarely with a few teeth apically from
middle; racemes 5–10 cm; ovary pubescent; drupe ovoid-globose to ellipsoid, 1–1.6 cm ...................... 5. L. undulata
6b. Leaf blade oblong to ovate-oblong, margin sparsely and shallowly serrulate with minute teeth;
racemes 2–5 cm; ovary glabrous; drupe globose to compressed globose, 0.7–1 cm ............................. 6. L. andersonii
5b. Rachises and pedicels pubescent.
7a. Drupe 1.4–1.6 cm in diam.; endocarp thick and hard, surface prominently coarsely reticulately
rugose .......................................................................................................................................................... 7. L. jenkinsii
 ROSACEAE

7b. Drupe 0.6–1.1 cm in diam.; endocarp thin and fragile, surface smooth or slightly reticulately rugose.
8a. Drupe 1.8–2.4 cm; petiole 1–2 cm ................................................................................................... 8. L. zippeliana
8b. Drupe 0.8–1.4 cm; petiole 0.1–1 cm (rarely 1.5 cm in L. spinulosa).
9a. Leaf blade margin entire or sparsely acutely serrate, secondary veins indistinct.
10a. Leaf blade oblong to obovate-oblong, 5–7(–9) cm, base narrowly cuneate, apex
acuminate; drupe ovoid-globose; endocarp thinly reticulately rugose .......................... 12. L. marginata
10b. Leaf blade elliptic to ovate-orbicular, 2–5(–6) cm, base broadly cuneate to
rounded, apex obtuse; drupe subglobose; endocarp smooth ...................................... 13. L. aquifolioides
9b. Leaf blade margin undulate to serrate, secondary veins distinct.
11a. Leaf blade elliptic; secondary veins 5–7 on either side of midvein .................................. 11. L. australis
11b. Leaf blade oblong to obovate-oblong; secondary veins 8–14 on either side of midvein.
12a. Leaf blade herbaceous to thinly leathery, margin usually undulate with few
acicular teeth apically from middle or near apex, apex acuminate to caudate;
drupe ellipsoid ........................................................................................................... 9. L. spinulosa
12b. Leaf blade thickly leathery, margin not undulate but coarsely acutely
serrate with teeth incurved, apex acute to shortly acuminate; drupe
ovoid-globose ................................................................................................... 10. L. dolichophylla
1. Laurocerasus phaeosticta (Hance) C. K. Schneider, Ill. Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan,
Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 649. 1906. Zhejiang [Bangladesh, India, N Myanmar, N Thailand, N Vietnam].

腺叶桂樱 xian ye gui ying 2. Laurocerasus fordiana (Dunn) Browicz, Arbor. Kórnickie
15: 6. 1970.
Pygeum phaeostictum Hance, J. Bot. 8: 72. 1870; Lauro-
cerasus phaeosticta f. ciliospinosa Chun ex T. T. Yu & L. T. 华南桂樱 hua nan gui ying
Lu; L. phaeosticta f. dentigera (Rehder) T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu; L. Prunus fordiana Dunn, J. Bot. 45: 402. 1907; P. balansae
phaeosticta f. lasioclada (Rehder) T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu; L. Koehne; P. fordiana Dunn var. balansae (Koehne) J. E. Vidal;
phaeosticta f. puberula T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu; L. phaeosticta f. P. multipunctata Cardot; P. phaeosticta (Hance) Maximowicz
pubipedunculata T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu; Prunus edentata Handel- var. ancylocarpa J. E. Vidal; P. phaeosticta var. dimorpho-
Mazzetti; P. phaeosticta (Hance) Maximowicz; P. phaeosticta phylla J. E. Vidal; P. phaeosticta var. promeccocarpa Cardot.
f. dentigera Rehder; P. phaeosticta f. lasioclada Rehder; P.
punctata J. D. Hooker & Thomson; P. xerocarpa Hemsley. Shrubs or trees, 5–15 m tall. Branchlets purplish red but
purplish black with age, puberulous when young, glabrescent,
Shrubs or trees, 4–12 m tall. Branchlets dark purplish with prominent suborbicular to rarely shortly ellipsoid lenticels.
brown, ± pubescent when young, glabrous and purplish black Winter buds brown, ovoid, 2–5 mm, apex acute; scale margins
with age, with sparse orbicular lenticels. Winter buds purplish ciliate. Petiole 2–8 mm, glabrous, without nectaries; leaf blade
brown, ovoid, 2–4 mm, glabrous, apex acute to obtuse. Petiole elliptic to oblong, 5–12 × 2–4 cm, thickly leathery, both sur-
4–8 mm, glabrous, without nectaries; leaf blade narrowly ellip- faces glabrous, abaxially scattered purplish black minutely
tic, oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or rarely obovate-oblong, 6–12 × punctate and with or sometimes without 2–4 larger flat nec-
2–4 cm, herbaceous to subleathery, both surfaces glabrous, taries near basal margin, adaxially lustrous, base cuneate, mar-
abaxially scattered black punctate, base cuneate and with 2 gin entire or rarely with a few teeth, apex acute to shortly acu-
large flat nectaries near margin, margin entire or on sterile minate; secondary veins 7–11 on either side of midvein; tertiary
branchlets acutely serrate, apex long caudate; secondary veins veins very indistinct on both surfaces or abaxially nearly in-
6–10 on either side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially some- visible. Racemes in leaf axils, solitary, 3–9 cm, more than 10-
what elevated, adaxially slightly prominent. Racemes in axils of flowered; rachis glabrous; bracts 2–4 mm, soon caducous, mar-
normal leaves on basal part of lateral branchlets or in axils of gin ciliate, basal ones sterile, hard and dark, and longer persis-
cataphylls on apical part of branchlets, solitary, 4–6 cm, several tent. Flower 5–6 mm in diam. Pedicel 3–8 mm, glabrous. Hy-
to 10-flowered or more; cataphylls small, soon caducous, apex panthium campanulate, 1–2 mm, outside glabrous. Sepals
tridentate; rachis often glabrous, rarely pubescent; bracts linear ovate-triangular, 1–2 mm, outside glabrous, apex obtuse to
to lanceolate, 2–4 mm, soon caducous, glabrous, margin glan- acute. Petals white, suborbicular, glabrous. Stamens 25–40, 3–4
dular serrate. Flowers 4–6 mm in diam. Pedicel 3–6 mm often mm. Ovary glabrous. Style to 4 mm, glabrous. Drupe blackish
glabrous, rarely pubescent. Hypanthium cup-shaped, 1.5–2.5 brown, elongately ovoid-globose to ellipsoid, 9–14 × 6–8 mm,
mm, outside glabrous. Sepals ovate-triangular, 1–2 mm, outside glabrous; endocarp thin, slightly reticulately rugose. Fl. Mar–
glabrous, margin ciliate or minutely serrate, apex obtuse. Petals Apr, fr. May–Aug.
white, suborbicular, 2–3.5 mm, glabrous. Stamens 20–35, 5–6 Forests, slopes, foothills, river banks; 600–1800 m. Guangdong,
mm. Ovary glabrous. Style 5–6 mm. Drupe purplish black, sub- Guangxi [Cambodia, Vietnam].
globose to transversely ellipsoid, 8–10 mm in diam., glabrous;
endocarp thin, smooth. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–Oct. 3. Laurocerasus hypotricha (Rehder) T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4(4): 44. 1984.
Mixed forests, mountain valleys, mountain meadows, stream
sides, along trails; 300–2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, 毛背桂樱 mao bei gui ying
 ROSACEAE

Prunus hypotricha Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 3: 425. Shrubs or trees, 5–16 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown to
1917; P. macrophylla Siebold & Zuccarini var. puberifolia purplish brown, glabrous, with indistinct small lenticels. Petiole
Koehne. 5–10(–12) mm, glabrous, without nectaries; leaf blade elliptic
to oblong-lanceolate, 6–15 × 3–5 cm, herbaceous to thinly lea-
Trees 5–15 m tall. Branchlets brownish to grayish brown, thery, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially usually with a pair of
yellowish gray pubescent, with inconspicuous small lenticels. small flat nectaries near base and sometimes additional small
Petiole 6–10 mm, pubescent, glabrescent, with a pair of large nectaries in many rows ± parallel to midvein especially in basal
flat nectaries apically from middle; leaf blade elliptic to elliptic- part of leaf, adaxially shiny, base broadly cuneate to sub-
oblong, 10–18 × (4–)5–7 cm, leathery, abaxially densely gray rounded, margin entire or rarely with a few teeth apically from
pubescent, adaxially lustrous and glabrous, base rounded to middle, apex acuminate; secondary veins 6–9 on either side of
broadly cuneate, margin ± densely coarsely serrate and teeth midvein, spreading and arched, abaxially slightly raised. Race-
with a dark brown apical gland, apex shortly acuminate; secon- mes solitary or 2–4 in a fascicle, 5–10 cm, 10–30-flowered or
dary veins 10–12 on either side of midvein, prominent, abax- more; rachis glabrous, rarely slightly pubescent; bracts 1–2
ially raised. Racemes usually solitary, sometimes 2 or 3 in a mm, soon caducous, basal ones sometimes with a tridentate
fascicle, 2–5 cm; rachis pubescent; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 5–6 apex. Pedicel 2–5 mm, glabrous, rarely slightly pubescent.
mm, soon caducous, pubescent. Flowers 5–6 mm in diam. Pedi- Hypanthium broadly campanulate, outside glabrous. Sepals
cel 4–10 mm, pubescent. Hypanthium campanulate to cup- ovate-triangular, outside glabrous, apex obtuse. Petals yellow-
shaped, outside pubescent. Sepals ovate-triangular, outside pu- ish white, elliptic to obovate, 2–4 mm. Stamens 10–30, 3–4
bescent, apex obtuse. Petals suborbicular to broadly obovate, 4– mm. Ovary pubescent. Style shorter than stamens. Drupe pur-
5 mm in diam. Stamens 20–30, longer than petals. Ovary pu- plish black, ovoid-globose to ellipsoid, 1–1.6 × 0.7–1.1 cm, gla-
bescent. Style slightly longer than stamens. Drupe dark brown, brous, apex acute to ± obtuse; endocarp ± thin, ± smooth. Fl.
ovoid-oblong, 2–2.5 × 1–1.2 cm, glabrous, apex acute; endo- Aug–Oct, fr. winter–spring.
carp slightly compressed, ± thin, fragile. Fl. Sep–Oct, fr. Nov– Slopes in broad-leaved evergreen and mixed coniferous forests,
Dec. stream sides; 500–3600 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan,
● Sparse forests, slopes, mountain valleys, stream sides; 200– Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, E In-
2600 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yun- dia, Indonesia, N Laos, N Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, N Thailand, Viet-
nan. nam].

4. Laurocerasus menghaiensis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Bull. Bot. 6. Laurocerasus andersonii (J. D. Hooker) T. T. Yu & L. T.
Res., Harbin 4(4): 45. 1984. Lu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4(4): 48. 1984.
勐海桂樱 meng hai gui ying 云南桂樱 yun nan gui ying
Trees to 14 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown, robust, Pygeum andersonii J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 320.
yellowish pubescent when young, glabrescent, with many small 1878; Prunus pygeoides Koehne; P. semiarmillata Koehne.
lenticels. Petiole stout, 1–1.5 cm, yellowish pubescent, without Trees, rarely shrubs, to 6 m tall. Branchlets brown to
nectaries; leaf blade ovate-oblong to oblong, 8–13 × 3–5 cm, grayish brown, glabrous. Petiole 0.7–1.5 cm, glabrous; leaf
thick, leathery, abaxially densely yellowish pubescent, adaxi- blade oblong to ovate-oblong, 6–16 × 2–4 cm, thinly leathery,
ally shining and glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin indis- both surfaces glabrous, base broadly cuneate to subrounded and
tinctly shallowly obtusely serrate apically from middle, apex with 1 to several small nectaries per side, margin sparsely and
acute; secondary veins 7–11 on either side of midvein, distinct. shallowly serrulate and teeth with a black apical gland, apex
Flowers unknown. Drupe blackish brown, broadly oblong, 2.2– acute to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 8–12 on either side
2.5 × 1.4–1.7 cm, glabrous, apex obtuse; endocarp ± thin, not of midvein, slightly prominent. Racemes axillary, solitary, 2–5
rugose; cotyledons large and fat. Fr. winter. cm, several to 10-flowered or more; rachis glabrous; bracts to 2
● Mixed forests; ca. 1800 m. SW Yunnan (Menghai Xian). mm, soon caducous, basal ones often sterile and with a triden-
tate apex. Flowers 3–5 mm in diam. Pedicel 3–6 mm, glabrous;
5. Laurocerasus undulata (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) bracteoles present at base of pedicel. Hypanthium campanulate,
M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 3: 92. 1847. outside glabrous. Sepals triangular, 1–2 mm, outside glabrous,
尖叶桂樱 jian ye gui ying apex obtuse. Petals white, elliptic, slightly longer than sepals,
puberulous. Stamens 25–30, 2–3 mm. Ovary glabrous, slightly
Prunus undulata Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. shorter than stamens. Drupe globose to compressed globose, 7–
Fl. Nepal. 239. 1825; Cerasus acuminata Wallich; C. undulata 10 × 8–10 mm, glabrous; endocarp glabrous, inconspicuously
(Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) Seringe; C. wallichii (Steudel) reticulately rugose. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. winter.
M. Roemer; Laurocerasus acuminata (Wallich) M. Roemer; L.
Rocky forested slopes, ravines; 900–1500 m. SE Yunnan [India].
undulata (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) f. elongata (Koehne)
T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu; L. undulata f. microbotrys (Koehne) T. T. 7. Laurocerasus jenkinsii (J. D. Hooker) Browicz, Arbor.
Yu & L. T. Lu; L. undulata f. pubigera T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu; P. Kórnickie 15: 5. 1970.
acuminata (Wallich) D. Dietrich; P. acuminata f. elongata
坚核桂樱 jian he gui ying
Koehne; P. acuminata f. microbotrys (Koehne) Koehne; P.
microbotrys Koehne; P. microbotrys var. obovata S. Y. Hu; P. Prunus jenkinsii J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex J. D.
wallichii Steudel; P. wallichii var. crenulata F. P. Metcalf. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 317. 1878.
 ROSACEAE

Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown to blackish Stamens 20–25, 4–6 mm. Ovary glabrous. Style to 4 mm, gla-
brown, glabrous, with sparse suborbicular small lenticels. Win- brous. Drupe blackish brown, oblong to ovoid-oblong, 1.8–2.4
ter buds reddish brown, ovoid, 2–4 mm, glabrous. Petiole 5– × 0.8–1.1 cm, glabrous, apex acute and mucronate; endocarp
10 mm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong to rarely obovate-oblong, glabrous, slightly reticulately rugose. Fl. Jul–Oct, fr. winter.
(6–)8–16 × 2.5–5 cm, herbaceous to thinly leathery, both sur- Mixed forests, thickets, calcareous mountain regions; 400–
faces glabrous, abaxially paler and usually with a pair of pur- 2400 m. Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan,
plish black basal nectaries near margin, adaxially shining, base Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, N Viet-
broadly cuneate, margin sparsely and shallowly acicularly ser- nam].
rate or sometimes entire near base or basally from middle, apex
9. Laurocerasus spinulosa (Siebold & Zuccarini) C. K.
shortly acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 10–14 on either
Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 649. 1906.
side of midvein, abaxially raised, adaxially slightly prominent
to somewhat impressed. Racemes axillary, solitary, 5–9 cm; ra- 刺叶桂樱 ci ye gui ying
chis sparsely pubescent; bracts 2–2.5 mm, soon caducous,
slightly pubescent, basal ones usually sterile, dark, hard, and tri- Prunus spinulosa Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys.
dentate at apex. Pedicel 2–3 mm, sparsely pubescent. Hypan- Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(2): 122. 1845; P. balfourii
thium shortly campanulate, 1.5–2 mm, outside slightly pu- Cardot; P. limbata Cardot; P. spinulosa Siebold & Zuccarini
bescent. Sepals ovate-triangular, 1–2 mm, outside slightly pu- var. pubiflora Koehne; P. sundaica Miquel.
bescent, margin ciliate. Petals white, suborbicular, 2–3 mm in Trees to 20 m tall, rarely shrubs. Branchlets purplish
diam., glabrous. Stamens 20–30, 4–5 mm, glabrous. Ovary brown to blackish brown, glabrous or puberulous when young,
glabrous. Style slightly longer than or nearly as long as sta- glabrescent. Winter buds dark brown, ovoid; scales hard, mar-
mens. Drupe dark brown, broadly ellipsoid to obovoid-glo- gin ciliate, apex tridentate. Petiole 5–10(–15) mm, glabrous;
bose, 1.7–2 × 1.4–1.6 cm, glabrous, narrowed towards base leaf blade oblong to obovate-oblong, 5–10 × 2–4.5 cm, herba-
and apex but apex more obtuse; endocarp thick and hard, prom- ceous to thinly leathery, abaxially pale green and with 1 or 2
inently coarsely reticulately rugose. Fl. autumn, fr. winter– pairs of basal nectaries or on border of blade and petiole, both
spring. surfaces glabrous, adaxially bright green, base broadly cuneate
Forests, mountain regions, ravines; 1000–1800 m. SW Yunnan to subrounded and often unequal, margin undulate and with a
[Bangladesh, Bhutan, N India, N Myanmar]. few acicular teeth apically from middle to near apex, apex acu-
minate to caudate; secondary veins 8–14 on either side of mid-
8. Laurocerasus zippeliana (Miquel) Browicz, Arbor. Kór- vein, slightly prominent. Racemes axillary, solitary, 5–10 cm,
nickie 15: 6. 1970. 10–20-flowered or more; rachis thinly pubescent; bracts 2–3
大叶桂樱 da ye gui ying mm, soon caducous, basal ones usually sterile, hard, dark, and
more persistent. Flowers 3–5 mm in diam. Pedicel 1–4 mm,
Prunus zippeliana Miquel, Fl. Ned. Ind. 1: 367. 1855; thinly pubescent. Hypanthium campanulate to cup-shaped, out-
Laurocerasus macrophylla C. K. Schneider; L. zippeliana var. side glabrous or puberulous. Sepals ovate-triangular, 1–2 mm,
crassistyla (Cardot) T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu; P. kanehirae Hayata outside glabrous or puberulous, apex obtuse. Petals white, or-
ex Hisauchi; P. macrophylla Siebold & Zuccarini (1845) not bicular, 2–3 mm in diam., glabrous. Stamens 25–35, 4–5 mm;
Poiret (1816); P. macrophylla Siebold & Zuccarini var. cras- filaments glabrous. Ovary glabrous. Style slightly shorter than
sistyla Cardot; P. oxycarpa (Hance) Maximowicz; P. zippeli- stamens. Drupe brown to blackish brown, ellipsoid, 8–11 × 6–8
ana f. angustifolia T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu; P. zippeliana var. mm, glabrous; endocarp thin, smooth. Fl. Sep–Oct, fr. Nov–
crassistyla (Cardot) J. E. Vidal; Pygeum oxycarpum Hance. Mar.
Trees 10–25(–30) m tall. Branchlets brown, grayish Sunny forested slopes, broad-leaved evergreen forests along
brown, or blackish brown, glabrous, with distinct suborbicular rivers, mountain valleys; 400–1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong,
small lenticels. Petiole 1–2 cm, stout, glabrous, with a pair of Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan,
Zhejiang [Japan].
flat basal nectaries; leaf blade narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, ob-
long-lanceolate, broadly ovate, elliptic-oblong, or broadly ob- 10. Laurocerasus dolichophylla T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Bull.
long, (5–)6–19 × (1.5–)2–8 cm, leathery, both surfaces gla- Bot. Res., Harbin 4(4): 50. 1984.
brous, abaxially greenish, adaxially dark green, base broadly
长叶桂樱 chang ye gui ying
cuneate to subrounded, margin with sparse to dense coarse
black glandular serration, apex acute to shortly acuminate; Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown to purplish
secondary veins 7–13 on either side of midvein, abaxially pro- brown, glabrescent, with sparse small lenticels. Petiole 6–8
minent, adaxially flat to slightly impressed. Racemes solitary or mm, glabrous, without nectaries; leaf blade narrowly oblong to
to 4 in a fascicle, 2–6 cm, pubescent; bracts 2–3 mm, puberu- obovate-oblong, 9–14 × 2.5–4.5 cm, thickly leathery, both sur-
lous, proximal fertile ones often apically tridentate, basal ones faces glabrous, abaxially paler and usually without basal nec-
often sterile, stout, glabrous, and conspicuously tripartite at taries, adaxially shining, base cuneate and asymmetric, margin
apex. Flowers 5–9 mm in diam. Pedicel 1–3 mm, pubescent. coarsely acutely serrate with teeth incurved, apex acute to short-
Hypanthium campanulate, ca. 2 mm. Sepal ovate-triangular, 1– ly acuminate; secondary veins 10–14 on either side of midvein,
2 mm, outside sparsely pubescent, apex obtuse to rarely acute. abaxially raised, adaxially impressed. Racemes axillary, soli-
Petals white, suborbicular, 2–4 mm, margin usually ciliate. tary, 7–9 cm, 10–20-flowered or more; rachis yellowish brown
 ROSACEAE

pubescent; bracts small, soon caducous. Flowers 5–7 mm in blackish brown, densely yellowish brown pubescent when
diam. Pedicel 5–8 mm, yellowish brown pubescent. Hypan- young, glabrescent or hairs persistent, sparsely covered with in-
thium campanulate, 2–3 mm, outside yellowish brown pubes- conspicuous suborbicular lenticels. Winter buds dark brown,
cent. Sepals ovate-triangular, ca. 2 mm, outside yellowish ovoid, 2–4 mm, apex obtuse to acute; scale margins ciliate.
brown pubescent, apex obtuse. Petals white, suborbicular to Petiole 1–5 mm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong to obovate-oblong,
obovate, 2–3 mm, glabrous. Stamens 20–30, 4–5 mm. Ovary 5–7(–9) × 1.5–3(–4) cm, thickly leathery, both surfaces gla-
glabrous. Style slightly longer than or nearly as long as sta- brous, abaxially greenish and with or without 2 basal nectaries,
mens. Drupe blackish brown, ovoid-globose, 1.2–1.4 × 0.9–1.1 adaxially lustrous green, base narrowly cuneate and asym-
cm, glabrous; endocarp thin, smooth. Fl. Aug–Sep, fr. Dec–Jan. metric, margin flat, entire, and hard, apex acuminate and ob-
tusely mucronate; secondary veins indistinct. Racemes axillary,
● Stony forested slopes; 1300–1500 m. SE Yunnan (Malipo Xian,
Xichou Xian).
solitary, 2–3(–4) cm, several-flowered; rachis densely pubes-
cent; bracts small, soon caducous. Flowers 2–3 mm in diam.
11. Laurocerasus australis T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Bull. Bot. Pedicel 1–3 mm, densely pubescent. Hypanthium campanulate
Res., Harbin 4(4): 51. 1984. to cup-shaped, ca. 2 mm, outside glabrous or puberulous. Se-
pals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, slightly shorter than hypanthium,
南方桂樱 nan fang gui ying
outside glabrous or puberulous, apex obtuse to acute. Petals
Shrubs or trees, 3–4 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown to white, suborbicular to obovate, 2–3 mm. Stamens 25–30, longer
purplish brown, glabrous, with small lenticels. Petiole slender, than petals. Ovary glabrous. Style nearly as long as stamens.
5–7 mm, glabrous, usually without nectaries, rarely with a pair Drupe dark brown blackish brown, ovoid-globose, 10–12 × 7–9
of minute nectaries apical from middle; leaf blade elliptic, 4.5– mm, glabrous; endocarp very thin, thinly reticulately rugose
9 × 2–3.5 cm, leathery, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate, when mature. Fl. spring, fr. autumn–winter.
margin densely and minutely obtusely serrate and teeth with a
● Mountain top forests, thickets, sunny slopes, along trails, ra-
small purplish black apical gland, apex acute to shortly acu- vines; 500–700 m. Guangdong.
minate; secondary veins 5–7 on either side of midvein, slightly
prominent. Racemes axillary, solitary, 4–5 cm, 10-flowered or 13. Laurocerasus aquifolioides Chun ex T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu,
more; rachis pubescent; bracts small, soon caducous. Flowers Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4(4): 52. 1984.
5–6 mm in diam. Pedicel 4–6 mm, pubescent. Hypanthium
冬青叶桂樱 dong qing ye gui ying
campanulate, outside puberulous. Sepals ovate-triangular, out-
side puberulous. Petals white, obovate to suborbicular, longer Shrubs to 4 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown to grayish
than sepals. Stamens 15–20, longer than petals. Ovary glabrous. black, yellowish brown pubescent when young, glabrescent,
Style nearly as long as to slightly longer than stamens. Drupe with inconspicuous small lenticels. Petiole 1–4 mm, glabrous;
blackish brown, ellipsoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm, glabrous, leaf blade elliptic to ovate-orbicular, 2–5(–6) × 1.5–3 cm, thick-
apex acute; endocarp very thin. Fl. summer–autumn, fr. winter– ly leathery, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially paler and with or
spring. rarely without 2 basal nectaries on margin, adaxially dark and
shining, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin sparsely
● Sparse slope forests, dense mountain top forests; ca. 800 m; W
Guangxi (Debao Xian), SW Guizhou (Wangmo Xian).
acutely serrate to nearly entire, apex obtuse to obtusely mucro-
nate; secondary veins inconspicuous. Flowers not seen. Fruiting
12. Laurocerasus marginata (Dunn) T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, racemes axillary, solitary, 1–3 cm, with several fruit. Pedicels
Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4(4): 52. 1984. 2–3 mm, pubescent. Drupe brownish black, subglobose, ca. 1
cm and nearly as broad, glabrous; endocarp ± thin, smooth. Fr.
全缘桂樱 quan yuan gui ying
Sep–Oct.
Prunus marginata Dunn, J. Bot. 45: 402. 1907.
● Mixed or dense forests, mountain valleys; 500–700 m. C and N
Trees or shrubs, 4–6 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown to Guangdong (Qingyuan Xian, Ruyuan Xian).

54. PYGEUM Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 218. 1788.

臀果木属 tun guo mu shu
Lu Lingdi (陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti); Bruce Bartholomew
Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Branches unarmed. Stipules small, free, soon caducous, rarely persistent. Leaves simple, alternate,
petiolate; leaf blade abaxially with a pair of flat to depressed nectaries near base and additional nectaries sometimes near margin,
margin entire or very rarely minutely serrulate. Racemes axillary, solitary or sometimes several in a fascicle, unbranched or
branched; bracts small, soon caducous, very rarely persistent after anthesis. Flowers bisexual or unisexual by want of ovary, some-
times polygamo-dioecious. Hypanthium obconic, campanulate, or cyathiform, caducous at fruiting time, only annular base remained.
Perianth segments 5–10(–14), small. Sepals and petals often similar but sometimes distinct in shape and texture. Petals white, as
many as sepals, very rarely absent, usually 1.5–2 × as long as sepals. Stamens 10–30(–85), in 1 to many series; filaments filiform.
Ovary superior, 1-loculed, glabrous or hairy; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Style terminal; stigma capitate. Fruit a drupe, dry, usu-
ally transversely oblong to ellipsoid, obscurely didymous, sometimes subglobose to oblong and distinctly longer than wide; endocarp
cartilaginous.
 ROSACEAE 389

About 40 species; tropical Africa, S and SE Asia, NE Australia, New Guinea, Pacific Islands; six species (all endemic) in China.
Pygeum griseum Blume ex Müller Stuttgart (Prunus grisea (Blume ex Müller Stuttgart) Kalkman) was reported from Lan Yu off the coast of SE
Taiwan by Ohashi (Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2, 3: 98–100. 1993, as Prunus grisea). The species is not included in this treatment because the present authors
have seen no Chinese specimens.

1a. Leaf blade secondary veins 9–14 on either side of midvein.

2a. Bracts ovate to triangular-ovate, persistent at anthesis; ovary densely pubescent; drupe ovoid-globose .................. 1. P. henryi
2b. Bracts lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, caducous at anthesis; ovary often glabrous; drupe compressed globose
to transversely shortly oblong ................................................................................................................................... 3. P. wilsonii
1b. Leaf blade secondary veins 5–8(or 9) on either side of midvein.
3a. Drupe wider than long.
4a. Leaf blade ovate-elliptic to elliptic, apex shortly acuminate and with an apical obtuse tip; racemes 4–7 cm;
drupe reniform, apically depressed, 0.8–1 cm ................................................................................................... 2. P. topengii
4b. Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate; racemes 1.5–4 cm;
drupe compressed ovoid-globose to transversely shortly oblong, 1.6–2 cm ................................................ 5. P. laxiflorum
3b. Drupe as long as or longer than wide.
5a. Leaf blade lanceolate, base cuneate, apex acuminate to caudate; drupe oblong ........................................... 4. P. oblongum
5b. Leaf blade elliptic to oblong-elliptic, base rounded, apex abruptly pointed; drupe compressed
ovoid-globose ........................................................................................................................................... 6. P. macrocarpum
1. Pygeum henryi Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35: 493. 1903. asymmetric, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate and with an
apical obtuse tip; secondary veins 5–8 on either side of mid-
云南臀果木 yun nan tun guo mu
vein, abaxially raised. Racemes solitary or to several in a fasci-
Trees 6–15 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown to grayish cle, 4–7 cm, many flowered; rachises, pedicels, bracts, hypan-
black, reddish brown pubescent when young, glabrescent, with thia, and sepals densely brown pubescent; bracts small, ovate-
distinct orbicular lenticels. Winter buds brown, small, ovoid, lanceolate to lanceolate, soon caducous. Flowers 2–3 mm in
pubescent. Petiole ca. 1 cm, reddish brown pubescent; leaf diam. Pedicel 1–3 mm. Hypanthium obconic, 2–2.5 mm. Sepals
blade oblong-lanceolate to rarely elliptic, 9–17 × 4–7 cm, lea- 5 or 6, triangular-ovate, 1–2 mm; apex acute. Petals as many as
thery, both surfaces reddish brown appressed pubescent when sepals, oblong, slightly longer than sepals or indistinguishable
young, abaxially with distinct hollowed nectaries near base, from sepals, outside brown pubescent, apex ± obtuse. Ovary
adaxially glabrescent, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin glabrous. Drupe dark brown, reniform, 0.8–1 × 1–1.6 cm, gla-
entire, apex shortly acuminate to acute; secondary veins 9–12 brous, apically depressed. Fl. Jun–Sep, fr. winter.
on either side of midvein, abaxially raised. Racemes solitary to
● Forests, forest margins, abandoned fields, mountain valleys,
several in a fascicle, 3–6 cm; rachis, bracts, pedicels, hypanthia,
along trails, stream sides; 100–1600 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi,
and sepals densely reddish brown pubescent; bracts small, ovate
Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Yunnan.
to triangular-ovate, persistent at anthesis. Flowers 2–4 mm in
diam. Pedicel 1–2 mm. Hypanthium cyathiform, 1.5–2.5 mm. 3. Pygeum wilsonii Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 52: 334. 1915.
Sepals 5 or 6, narrowly triangular, slightly shorter than hypan-
西南臀果木 xi nan tun guo mu
thium. Petals as many as sepals, narrowly oblong, often indis-
tinguishable from sepals although petals slightly longer. Sta- Trees 8–24 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown, brown pu-
mens 20–30, longer than petals. Ovary densely pubescent. Style bescent, glabrescent, lenticellate. Petiole 7–10 mm, densely
slightly shorter than stamens. Drupe dark brown, ovoid-glo- brown pubescent; leaf blade oblong to ovate-oblong, 10–39 ×
bose, 7–10 mm and ± as broad, pubescent when young, glabre- 4–15 cm, papery to subleathery, abaxially persistent brown ap-
scent. Fl. Aug–Sep, fr. winter–spring. pressed pubescent and usually with 2 nectaries near base,
● Foothill mixed forests, thickets, mountain valleys; 600–2000 m. adaxially initially brown pubescent along veins but glabrescent,
Yunnan. base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acumi-
nate; secondary veins 10–14 on either side of midvein, abaxi-
2. Pygeum topengii Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 15: 237. 1919. ally elevated. Racemes axillary, solitary to several in a fascicle,
臀果木 tun guo mu more than 10-flowered; rachises, pedicels, bracts, hypanthia,
and sepals densely brown pubescent; bracts lanceolate to linear-
Pygeum tokangpengii Merrill. lanceolate, soon caducous. Flowers 2–3 mm in diam. Pedicel 1–
Trees to 25 m tall. Bark dark gray to grayish brown. 3 mm, 5–12 mm in fruit and sparsely brown pubescent. Hy-
Branchlets dark brown, brown pubescent when young, glabre- panthium campanulate. Sepals 5, oblong, 1–2 mm. Petals 5,
scent, with orbicular small lenticels. Winter buds ovoid, 2.5–5 spatulate-oblong, slightly longer than sepals or resembling se-
mm, brown pubescent, apex acute. Petiole 5–8 mm, brown pals. Stamens 24–30. Ovary often glabrous. Drupe black when
pubescent; leaf blade ovate-elliptic to elliptic, 6–12 × 3–5.5 cm, dry, compressed globose to transversely shortly oblong, 0.9–1 ×
leathery, abaxially brown appressed pubescent and more dense- 1–1.5 cm, glabrous, apex usually slightly abruptly pointed. Fl.
ly so along midvein and secondary veins but glabrescent or Aug–Sep, fr. Nov–Dec.
only very sparsely pubescent and with 2 black nectaries near ● Foothill mixed forests, forested slopes, thickets on slopes; 900–
base, adaxially lustrous and glabrous, base broadly cuneate and 1700 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
 ROSACEAE

1a. Leaf blade ± thin, 10–18 × 4–7 cm; fruiting Trees 7–20 m tall. Bark dark gray. Branchlets blackish
pedicel 5–7 mm ......................................... 3a. var. wilsonii brown to dark purplish brown, pubescent when young, glabre-
1b. Leaf blade ± thick, 19–39 × 8–15 cm; scent, with prominent small lenticels. Winter buds ovoid, 2–4
fruiting pedicel 7–12 mm ............... 3b. var. macrophyllum mm, brown pubescent, apex obtuse to acute. Petiole 6–10 mm,
glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to
3a. Pygeum wilsonii var. wilsonii lanceolate, 7–10 × 2–3.5 cm, papery to subleathery, abaxially
西南臀果木(原变种) xi nan tun guo mu (yuan bian zhong) paler, glabrous or slightly pubescent when young, glabrescent,
and with or without 2 flat nectaries near base, adaxially green-
Leaf blade ± thin, 10–18 × 4–7 cm. Fruiting pedicel 5–7 ish brown and glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acu-
mm. minate to caudate-acuminate; secondary veins 5–8 on either
● Foothill mixed forests, thickets on slopes; 900–1200 m. Si- side of midvein, slender, abaxially slightly raised. Racemes
chuan, Xizang, Yunnan. axillary, solitary or to 3 in a fascicle, 1.5–4 cm, with loose
3b. Pygeum wilsonii var. macrophyllum L. T. Lu, Acta Bot. flowers; rachis and pedicels brown pubescent, glabrescent or
Yunnan. 10: 363. 1988. with persistent hairs; bracts small, soon caducous. Flowers 1–3
mm in diam. Pedicel 1–3 mm. Hypanthium campanulate to
大叶臀果木 da ye tun guo mu obconic, ca. 2 × 3 mm, outside brown pubescent. Sepals 5,
Leaf blade ± thick, 19–39 × 8–15 cm. Fruiting pedicel 7– triangular-ovate, 0.5–1 mm, outside brown pubescent, apex
12 mm. acute to shortly acuminate. Petals 5, oblong, slightly longer than
sepals but sometimes resembling them, apex obtuse. Stamens
● Forested slopes; ca. 1700 m. SE Xizang (Mêdog Xian).
15–25, 4–6 mm, glabrous. Ovary glabrous. Style ca. 3 mm.
4. Pygeum oblongum T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. Drupe dark purplish brown, compressed ovoid-globose to trans-
23: 213. 1985. versely shortly oblong, 7–10 × 9–12 mm, glabrous. Fl. Aug–
Oct, fr. Nov–Dec.
长圆臀果木 chang yuan tun guo mu
● Forests on stream banks, foothills; 100–700 m. Guangdong,
Trees to 4 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown to dark pur- Guangxi.
plish brown, reddish brown pubescent when young, glabre-
6. Pygeum macrocarpum T. T. Yu & L. T. Lu, Acta Phytotax.
scent, with few inconspicuous small lenticels. Petiole 8–10 mm, Sin. 23: 213. 1985.
densely reddish brown pubescent; leaf blade lanceolate, 8–13 ×
2–3.5 cm, subleathery to leathery, abaxially densely reddish 大果臀果木 da guo tun guo mu
brown pubescent, not glabrescent, and without or rarely with 2 Pygeum latifolium Miquel var. macrocarpum (T. T. Yu &
flat nectaries near base, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, mar- L. T. Lu) C. Y. Wu & H. Chu.
gin entire, apex acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 6–8 on
Trees 8–10 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown to dark
either side of midvein, abaxially raised. Racemes axillary, soli-
grayish brown, brown pubescent when young, glabrescent, with
tary or to 3 in a fascicle, 1.5–3 cm; rachises, pedicels, hypan-
many distinct lenticels. Petiole 1–1.2 cm, pubescent when
thia, and sepals reddish brown pubescent; bracts ovate-lanceo-
young, glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 10–18
late to lanceolate, 1–2 mm, undivided, soon caducous. Flowers
× 5–9 cm, papery to subleathery, abaxially paler, sparsely
2–3 mm in diam. Pedicel 1–2 mm. Hypanthium cup-shaped. brown pubescent along veins, glabrescent, and with or without
Sepals 5, triangular-lanceolate, 1–1.5 mm, apex acuminate. Pet- 2 flat nectaries near base, adaxially greenish brown and glabre-
als 5, oblong, nearly as long as sepals, sometimes almost indis- scent, base rounded, margin entire, apex abruptly short pointed;
tinguishable from sepals, apex obtuse. Stamens more than 10. secondary veins 6–8 on either side of midvein, abaxially con-
Ovary glabrous. Drupe dark purplish brown, oblong, 1.6–2 × 1– spicuously raised. Racemes solitary or to 3 in a fascicle; ra-
1.2 cm, glabrous. Fl. Sep–Oct, fr. winter–spring. chises, pedicels, hypanthia, and sepals brown pubescent. Drupe
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests, dense mountain forests; 2000– purplish brown, compressed ovoid-globose, 1.5–1.8 cm and ±
2100 m. SE Yunnan (Jinping Xian, Pingbian Xian). as broad as to slightly broader than long, glabrous, apex acute;
mesocarp sometimes splitting when ripe. Seed fragrant. Fl.
5. Pygeum laxiflorum Merrill ex H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 26: Aug–Oct, fr. winter–spring.
64. 1945.
● Forests, forest margins, deep ravines, stream sides; 500–1000
疏花臀果木 shu hua tun guo mu m. SE Yunnan (Jinping Xian, Malipo Xian).

55. MADDENIA J. D. Hooker & Thomson, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 381. 1854.
臭樱属 chou ying shu
Gu Cuizhi (谷粹芝 Ku Tsue-chih); Bruce Bartholomew
Trees or shrubs, deciduous, polygamous dioecious. Branches unarmed. Winter buds large, oblong to ovoid, with several scales.
Stipules large, persistent, margin glandular. Leaves alternate, simple; leaf blade margin with gland-tipped simple, double, or incised
teeth. Inflorescences inserted apically on branchlets, racemose, many flowered; bracts soon caducous. Pedicel short. Hypanthium
campanulate. Sepals and petals essentially identical. Perianth segments 10–12, to 3 mm. Stamens 20–40, in 2 whorls, irregularly in-
serted on rim of hypanthium. Bisexual flowers: ovary superior, (1 or)2-loculed, glabrous; ovules 2 per locule, parallel, pendulous;
 ROSACEAE 391

style terminal, slender, ± as long as stamens; stigma disk-shaped. Female flowers: stamens reduced to staminodes; carpels 2; ovary
glabrous; style much shorter than staminodes; stigma capitate. Fruit a 1- or 2-seeded drupe, oblong, ± flat; mesocarp thin, fleshy, not
splitting when ripe; endocarp bony, ovoid, 3-angled, apex acute.
About seven species: Bhutan, China, Nepal, Sikkim; six species (five endemic) in China.

1a. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous; branchlets glabrous or pubescent.

2a. Leaf blade abaxially whitish, glaucous, margin irregularly simply serrate or doubly serrate; secondary veins
14–18 on each side of midvein ............................................................................................................................ 1. M. hypoleuca
2b. Leaf blade abaxially green, not glaucous, margin doubly serrate or incised doubly serrate; secondary veins
9–15 on each side of midvein.
3a. Branchlets densely pubescent; leaf blade 5–10(–15) × 3–5(–8) cm, margin incised doubly serrate ...... 2. M. incisoserrata
3b. Branchlets sparsely pubescent; leaf blade 4–5 × 2–2.5 cm, margin not incised doubly serrate ................. 3. M. fujianensis
1b. Leaf blade abaxially densely pubescent at least on veins; branchlets densely pubescent.
4a. Branchlets of first year’s growth villous; winter buds purplish red; hypanthium villous; style ± as long as
stamens .................................................................................................................................................................. 6. M. himalaica
4b. Branchlets of first year’s growth pubescent or tomentose-pubescent; winter buds purplish brown; hypanthium
pubescent; style longer than stamens.
5a. Winter bud scales to 2 × 1 cm; stipules linear to lanceolate, herbaceous; inflorescence bracts lanceolate
to ovate-lanceolate ....................................................................................................................................... 4. M. hypoxantha
5b. Winter bud scales to 1.5 × 0.8 cm; stipules lorate-lanceolate, membranous; inflorescence bracts oblong .... 5. M. wilsonii
1. Maddenia hypoleuca Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 56. cm, abaxially pale green, glabrous, and not glaucous, adaxially
1911. dark green and glabrous or occasionally sparsely appressed
pubescent, base subrounded to broadly cuneate, margin incised
臭樱 chou ying
and biserrate, apex acute to caudate; midvein and secondary
Trees 2–7 m tall. Branches purple, glabrous, lustrous; veins yellowish, conspicuously prominent; secondary veins 10–
branchlets of first year’s growth purplish red or greenish, pu- 15 on either side of midvein. Racemes 3–5 cm, dense; peduncle
bescent, glabrescent. Winter buds purple, ovoid; scales to 10 × densely brown pubescent; bracts lanceolate to linear, mem-
8 mm, outside glabrous. Stipules lanceolate, ca. 1.5 cm, herba- branous, margin glandular serrate or non-glandular. Bisexual
ceous, margin basally glandular serrate and apically entire, apex flowers 2–4 mm in diam. Pedicel ca. 2 mm, densely brown
long acuminate. Petiole 2–4 mm, glabrous or apically pubescent pubescent, glabrescent. Perianth segments oblong, ca. 3 mm,
when young; leaf blade ovate-oblong, oblong, or elliptic, 4– soon caducous or base persistent in fruit, outside pubescent,
9(–15) × 2–4(–8) cm, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially whitish inside subglabrous, margin entire, apex acute. Stamens 23–30.
and glaucous, adaxially dark green, base subcordate, rounded, Ovary glabrous. Style slender, nearly as long as stamens; stig-
or rarely broadly cuneate, margin irregularly simply serrate or ma oblique. Drupe black, ovoid, ca. 8 mm in diam., glabrous,
biserrate, apex acuminate to caudate; midvein and secondary apex acute. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun.
veins prominent; secondary veins 14–18 on either side of mid-
vein. Racemes 1.7–5 cm; peduncle glabrous; bracts triangular- ● Forests in valleys, slopes, scrub; 1100–2900 m. Anhui, Gansu,
lanceolate, margin basally glandular serrate and apically entire, Guizhou, S Henan, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
apex acuminate. Bisexual flowers 2–4 mm in diam. Pedicel 2–4 3. Maddenia fujianensis Y. T. Chang, Guihaia 5: 25. 1985.
mm, glabrous but densely brown villous in fruit. Perianth seg-
ments oblong, ca. 3 mm, persistent in fruit, margin entire, apex 福建假稠李 fu jian jia chou li
acute. Stamens 30–35. Ovary glabrous. Style slender, longer Shrubs 2–4 m tall, erect. Branches grayish green, glabrous;
than stamens, persistent in fruit; stigma oblique. Drupe purplish branchlets of first year’s growth slightly pulverulently puberu-
black, ovoid, ca. 8 mm in diam., apex acute. Fl. Apr, fr. Jun. lous, glabrescent. Winter buds ovoid; scales several, imbricate,
● Sparse forests on slopes; 1000–1800 m. Chongqing (Wushan margin densely ciliate. Stipules linear, 1–1.5 cm, margin api-
Xian), Gansu, Henan, W Hubei, Hunan, Ningxia, Shaanxi. cally ciliate. Petiole 2–4 mm; leaf blade ovate, 4–5 × 3–2.5 cm,
abaxially pale green, glabrous or sometimes pubescent in vein
2. Maddenia incisoserrata T. T. Yu & T. C. Ku, Acta Phyto-
axils, adaxially glabrous; secondary veins 9–12 on each side of
tax. Sin. 23: 214. 1985. midvein. Racemes lax; peduncle 3–5 cm. Pedicel pulverulently
锐齿臭樱 rui chi chou ying puberulous, glabrescent. Hypanthium campanulate, 2–2.5 ×
2.5–3 mm, glabrous. Sepals 10, slightly unequal, triangular, gla-
Shrubs 2–5 m tall. Branches blackish to purplish black,
brous. Stamens 20–28. Ovary glabrous. Style shorter than sta-
glabrous; branchlets of first year’s growth reddish brown,
mens. Fruit unknown. Fl. Apr.
densely brown pubescent, glabrescent. Winter buds reddish
brown, oblong to ovoid; scales to 1.5 × 0.8 cm, outside pubes- ● Sparse forests; ca. 1700 m. N Fujian (Chong’an Xian).
cent. Stipules lanceolate to linear, ca. 1.5 cm, membranous,
4. Maddenia hypoxantha Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1:
margin glandular serrate or basally glandular serrate and api-
57. 1911.
cally entire, apex acuminate. Petiole 2–3 mm, brown villous;
leaf blade ovate-oblong to rarely elliptic, 5–10(–15) × 3–5(–8) 四川臭樱 si chuan chou ying
 ROSACEAE

Shrubs 3–6 m tall. Branches purplish brown, glabrous, lus- diam. Pedicel sometimes brown, ca. 2 mm, thickened in fruit,
trous; branchlets of first year’s growth yellowish brown, brown densely tomentose-pubescent. Hypanthium outside pubescent.
pubescent, glabrescent. Winter buds purplish brown, ovoid; Perianth segments triangular-ovate, ca. 3 mm, soon caducous,
scales to 2 × 1 cm, outside brown pubescent but glabrescent, outside pubescent, inside glabrous, margin entire, apex acute.
margin basally glandular serrate. Stipules linear to lanceolate, Stamens 30–40. Ovary glabrous; style slender, longer than sta-
1–1.3 cm, herbaceous, margin basally glandular serrate and api- mens, base persistent in fruit; stigma oblong. Drupe black,
cally entire, apex acuminate. Petiole 2–7 mm, densely brown ovoid, ca. 8 mm in diam., smooth, apex acute. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr.
villous; leaf blade oblong to elliptic, 5–11 × 2.5–5 cm, abaxially Jun.
yellowish green and densely brown pubescent on midvein and ● Slopes, scrub, sunny places by rivers; 1500–3600 m. S Gansu,
secondary veins, adaxially dull green and glabrous, base sub- Guizhou, W Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
rotund to broadly cuneate, margin biserrate or sometimes incis-
ed serrate, apex acute, acuminate, or shortly caudate; secondary 6. Maddenia himalaica J. D. Hooker & Thomson, Hooker’s J.
veins 12–20 on either side of midvein. Racemes 3–5 cm; pe- Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 381. 1854.
duncle densely brown pubescent; bracts lanceolate to ovate-lan- 喜马拉雅臭樱 xi ma la ya chou ying
ceolate, membranous, margin entire or indistinctly shallowly
serrate. Bisexual flowers 2–4 mm in diam. Pedicel ca. 2 mm, to Maddenia himalaica var. glabrifolia H. Hara.
3 mm in fruit, densely brown pubescent. Hypanthium outside Trees 3–8(–10) m tall. Branchlets more than two years old
pubescent. Perianth segments ovate, soon caducous, outside and purplish brown to reddish brown, pubescent, lustrous; branch-
inside pubescent, margin entire, apex acute. Stamens many. lets of first year’s growth reddish brown, densely brown villous,
Ovary glabrous. Style slender, longer than stamens; stigma glabrescent. Winter buds purplish red, ovoid; scales outside
oblique. Drupe purple, ovoid, ca. 8 mm in diam., glabrous. Fl. brown villous to subglabrous. Stipules lorate-lanceolate, abaxi-
Apr–May, fr. Jun. 2n = 32*. ally pubescent, margin glandular serrate, apex acuminate. Pe-
● Shady valleys, scrub; 2100–3200 m. Qinghai, W Sichuan, Yun- tiole 2–5 mm, densely brown villous; leaf blade abaxially pale
nan. green and densely brown villous especially on veins but oc-
casionally glabrous except on veins, adaxially dark green and
5. Maddenia wilsonii Koehne in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 58. glabrous, margin teeth with an apical gland when young; mid-
1911. vein and secondary veins abaxially conspicuously prominent,
华西臭樱 hua xi chou ying adaxially impressed; secondary veins 15–20 on either side of
midvein. Sterile shoots with leaf blade narrowly elliptic, ob-
Trees or shrubs, 3–5 m tall. Branches purplish brown to long, or rarely ovate, 5–15 × 1.8–5 cm, base subrounded to cor-
brown, glabrous, lustrous; branchlets of first year’s growth date, margin aristate biserrate, apex long acuminate to caudate.
yellowish brown, densely yellowish brown tomentose-pubes- Flowering shoots with leaf blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 5–
cent, glabrescent. Winter buds purplish brown, ovoid; scales to 9.5 × 2–5 cm, base cordate, margin incised and simply serrate
1.5 × 0.8 cm, tomentose or outside subglabrous. Stipules lorate- or biserrate, apex long acuminate to caudate. Racemes 3.5–6
lanceolate, membranous, sparsely pubescent, margin glandular, cm, dense; peduncle densely brown villous; bracts oblong lan-
apex acuminate. Petiole 2–7 mm, yellowish brown villous; leaf ceolate, membranous, outside sparsely pubescent, margin glan-
blade oblong to oblong-oblanceolate, 3.5–12 × 1.8–6 cm, abax- dular serrate. Bisexual flowers 2–4 mm in diam. Pedicel ca. 2
ially pale green to brown, densely yellowish brown villous or mm, to 5 mm in fruit, densely brown villous. Hypanthium
white pubescent, and more densely hairy on veins, adaxially outside brown villous. Perianth segments ovate, ca. 3 mm, soon
brownish green and glabrous or sometimes sparsely appressed caducous, outside brown villous, inside subglabrous, margin
pubescent, base subcordate, margin irregularly incised and bi- entire, apex acute. Stamens 20–30. Ovary glabrous. Style slen-
serrate or sometimes singly serrate, apex acute; midvein and der, ± as long as stamens, base persistent in fruit; stigma disk-
secondary veins prominent; secondary veins 15–20 on either shaped. Drupe purple, ovoid, ca. 9 mm in diam., apex acute. Fl.
side of midvein. Racemes 3–4 cm; peduncle sometimes brown- May, fr. Jun.
ish, densely tomentose-pubescent; bracts oblong, submembra- Forests; 2800–4200 m. E and S Xizang (Bomi Xian, Yadong
nous, subglabrous, margin entire. Bisexual flowers 2–4 mm in Xian) [Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim].
ROSACEAE