Unit 1

• Passive Measure for fire safety

Planning and construction of
building
Define the Project. What are the purpose and objectives
of the construction project? ...
Determine the Business Benefits. ...
Estimate the Project Activities. ...
Define the Resource Requirements. ...
Do a Material Takeoff (MTO) ...
Prepare a Construction Estimate. ...
Create a Budget. ...
Create a Schedule.
 Consideration of sight plan
• Site planning should essentially be made a
synthesis of a number of collated factors and
should be based on carrying out detailed
study and analysis of existing physical aspects
of site ; vision/ program of client; designer's
own creative inclination; concerns of
community; interests of end user; zoning
/bye-laws
 Site Planning
• Site planning should essentially be made a
synthesis of a number of collated factors and
should be based on carrying out detailed
study and analysis of existing physical aspects
of site ; vision/ program of client; designer's
own creative inclination; concerns of
community; interests of end user; zoning
/bye-laws
 Building Equipment
• There are various types of equipment used in
construction. Commonly used equipment
is bulldozers, backhoe loaders, excavators,
cranes, concrete mixers, and dumpers.
 Fire Protection
• 1. : measures and practices for preventing or
reducing injury and loss of life or property by
fire. 2. : activities relating to the
extinguishment of fire.
 Types of fire protection system

• Fire Detection Systems:

• Fire Suppression Systems:
• Fire Extinguishers:
• Passive Fire Protection Systems:
• Fire protection is a broad category of
measures that aim to prevent fires, reduce
their impact, or put them out. The goal of fire
protection is to save lives and property.
•
 Fire Detection System
• A fire detection system, also known as a fire
alarm system, is a network of devices that
monitors for the presence of fire, smoke, carbon
monoxide, or other fire-related emergencies in a
building. When a fire is detected, the system
alerts occupants and emergency forces, and may
also trigger fire extinguishing systems or inform
security companies. The goal of a fire detection
system is to minimize the likelihood of fire
escalation and the probability of people being
exposed to it.
 Fire Extinguisher
• A fire extinguisher is a handheld active fire
protection device usually filled with a dry or
wet chemical used to extinguish or control
small fires
 Passive fire protection system
• A passive fire protection (PFP) system is a set of
stationary barriers that compartmentalize a
building to contain fire and smoke. The goal of
PFP is to slow or stop the spread of fire and
smoke from one area to another, giving people
time to escape and limiting damage to the
building and its contents. PFP systems are non-
active, unlike active fire protection systems like
sprinkler systems, fire alarms, and fire
extinguishers, which become active in the event
of a fire.
• Fire detection systems use a variety of sensors to detect fire,
including:
• Photoelectric smoke detectors: Use a light source and light sensor
to detect visible smoke particles from smoldering fires.
• Video detection: Uses software to analyze video frames and identify
smoke patterns in pixels, which works well in large areas like
warehouses.
• Temperature detectors: Can be thermal or thermovelocimetric.
• Flame detectors: Can be infrared, ultraviolet, or combined IR+UV.
•
 Principle of fire supression
• Suppression. The second principle of fire
protection and fire safety is
suppression. Suppression measures aim to
control and put out fires as soon as possible to
minimize damage and loss of life. There are
several types of fire suppression systems,
including manual and automatic systems.
 Fire supresssion system
• Fire suppression systems are used to
extinguish, control, or in some cases, entirely
prevent fires from spreading or occurring. Fire
suppression systems have an incredibly large
variety of applications, and as such, there are
many different types of suppression systems
for different applications being used today
 Some example of PFP system
• Fire doors
• These doors are designed to stay open
normally, but close automatically in the event
of a fire alarm or power failure. They are
usually made from metal or gypsum and are
heavier than regular doors.
 Use of fire Extinguishers
• Fire extinguishers apply an agent that will cool
burning heat, smother fuel or remove oxygen
so the fire cannot continue to burn. A portable
fire extinguisher can quickly control a small
fire if applied by an individual properly
trained. Fire extinguishers are located
throughout every building on campus.
 Why fire supression is used?
• The objectives of fire suppression systems
are to provide cooling, control the fire (i.e.,
prevent it from spreading), and provide
extinguishment of the fire incident. A variety
of fire suppression methods are available to
protect a facility.
 Need for fire suspension system
• Fire suppression systems can help save lives
and minimize any damage done to the
building as well as any necessary clean up
after the fact. Protect your business or
building today by ensuring that you have
adequate fire suppression systems from
Smoke Guard installed throughout the space.
• Intumescent coatings
• These epoxy-based coatings are applied to
steel surfaces and expand when exposed to
heat, forming an insulating foam layer that
protects the steel from fire damage for up to
four hours
 Fire resistant wall and floors
• Fire-resistant walls and floors
• These barriers help to compartmentalize a
building into smaller sections, slowing or
preventing the spread of fire and smoke.
 Other example of PFP system
• Other examples of PFP systems include:
• Emergency exit lights
• Dampers
• Flame shields
• Mortar
• Mineral fiber matting
• Spray fireproofing
 Fire wall and its types
• Firewalls in fire safety engineering are assemblies of materials that
are designed to slow the spread of fire in a building. They are part
of a classification system that also includes fire barriers and fire
partitions, with firewalls providing the most protection. Firewalls
are required when a building has multiple occupancies, such as
separate units or suites, or when there are two or more major
occupancies in the same building. They allow a building to be
divided into smaller sections, so that if one section becomes
unstable, it can break away from the others.

• Firewalls can also refer to network security devices that protect

organizations from cyber attacks. There are many different types of
firewalls, which can be categorized by their structure, operation,
and threat protection level. Some examples of firewalls include
 Fire wall types
• Types. There are three main classifications of
fire rated walls: fire walls, fire barriers, and fire
partitions. A firewall is an assembly of
materials used to delay the spread of fire a
wall assembly with a prescribed fire resistance
duration and independent structural stability.
 Firewall in fire safety
• A fire wall is a barrier that is designed to
prevent the spread of fire. These walls are
typically made of materials that have a high
fire resistance rating, such as concrete or
brick. They can be found both within buildings
and on the exterior of buildings to separate
different structures or sections of a building
 Fire Barriors

• Firewalls and fire barriers are both designed to

prevent a fire from spreading, but these often-
confused structures are actually quite
different. Ideally, firewalls and fire barriers are
used together to make a structure as safe as
possible.
 Fire Seperation
• Fire separation systems are essential
components for protecting buildings from fire
and smoke. Fire-rated materials such
as gypsum board, steel, concrete, and
intumescent coatings are commonly used to
create fire separation walls and floors.
 Fire Seperation
• Fire separation is a passive fire protection system that uses
construction methods to divide a building into distinct
areas to prevent or slow the spread of fire. Fire separation
can involve walls, floors, doors, and ducts that are made of
fire-resistant materials like concrete or steel. The goal of
fire separation is to contain the fire in the room where it
started, which can help people evacuate safely, reduce
structural damage, and make it easier for firefighters.
• Fire separation systems can include compartmentation,
which is dividing a building into smaller sections or
compartments with fire-resistant walls and floors. These
compartments, also known as firecells, are designed to
contain the fire for a specified period of time, typically 30,
60, 90, or 120 minutes.
 Fire Segregation
• We can conclude that fire separation is the
method for protecting buildings from the
spread of fire into adjoining areas for
designated periods by the introduction of fire-
resisting elements (e.g. walls, floors, doors,
ducts).
 Fire Segregation
• Flammables and oxidizers must be stored
separately in the storage area. The cylinders
must be separated by a distance of 6 meters
or must be separated by a fire resistant wall of
30 minutes fire resistance.
 Fire Isolation
• Fire Isolated. Fire isolated is the term that
describes one compartment being separated
by a fire resisting structure from a another
(serarate) compartment or structure.
 Fire Engineering Method
• The discipline of fire engineering includes, but
is not exclusive to: Fire detection – fire alarm
systems and brigade call systems. Active fire
protection – fire suppression systems. Passive
fire protection – fire and smoke barriers,
space separation.
 Consideration of sight plan
• Site planning should essentially be made a
synthesis of a number of collated factors and
should be based on carrying out detailed
study and analysis of existing physical aspects
of site ; vision/ program of client; designer's
own creative inclination; concerns of
community; interests of end user; zoning
/bye-laws
 Site Planning
• Site planning should essentially be made a
synthesis of a number of collated factors and
should be based on carrying out detailed
study and analysis of existing physical aspects
of site ; vision/ program of client; designer's
own creative inclination; concerns of
community; interests of end user; zoning
/bye-laws
 Building Equipment
• There are various types of equipment used in
construction. Commonly used equipment
is bulldozers, backhoe loaders, excavators,
cranes, concrete mixers, and dumpers.
 Fire Protection
• 1. : measures and practices for preventing or
reducing injury and loss of life or property by
fire. 2. : activities relating to the
extinguishment of fire.
 Types of fire protection system

• Fire Detection Systems:

• Fire Suppression Systems:
• Fire Extinguishers:
• Passive Fire Protection Systems:
• Fire protection is a broad category of
measures that aim to prevent fires, reduce
their impact, or put them out. The goal of fire
protection is to save lives and property.
•
 Fire Detection System
• A fire detection system, also known as a fire
alarm system, is a network of devices that
monitors for the presence of fire, smoke, carbon
monoxide, or other fire-related emergencies in a
building. When a fire is detected, the system
alerts occupants and emergency forces, and may
also trigger fire extinguishing systems or inform
security companies. The goal of a fire detection
system is to minimize the likelihood of fire
escalation and the probability of people being
exposed to it.
 Fire Extinguisher
• A fire extinguisher is a handheld active fire
protection device usually filled with a dry or
wet chemical used to extinguish or control
small fires
 Passive fire protection system
• A passive fire protection (PFP) system is a set of
stationary barriers that compartmentalize a
building to contain fire and smoke. The goal of
PFP is to slow or stop the spread of fire and
smoke from one area to another, giving people
time to escape and limiting damage to the
building and its contents. PFP systems are non-
active, unlike active fire protection systems like
sprinkler systems, fire alarms, and fire
extinguishers, which become active in the event
of a fire.
• Fire detection systems use a variety of sensors to detect fire,
including:
• Photoelectric smoke detectors: Use a light source and light sensor
to detect visible smoke particles from smoldering fires.
• Video detection: Uses software to analyze video frames and identify
smoke patterns in pixels, which works well in large areas like
warehouses.
• Temperature detectors: Can be thermal or thermovelocimetric.
• Flame detectors: Can be infrared, ultraviolet, or combined IR+UV.
•
 Principle of fire supression
• Suppression. The second principle of fire
protection and fire safety is
suppression. Suppression measures aim to
control and put out fires as soon as possible to
minimize damage and loss of life. There are
several types of fire suppression systems,
including manual and automatic systems.
 Fire supresssion system
• Fire suppression systems are used to
extinguish, control, or in some cases, entirely
prevent fires from spreading or occurring. Fire
suppression systems have an incredibly large
variety of applications, and as such, there are
many different types of suppression systems
for different applications being used today
 Some example of PFP system
• Fire doors
• These doors are designed to stay open
normally, but close automatically in the event
of a fire alarm or power failure. They are
usually made from metal or gypsum and are
heavier than regular doors.
 Use of fire Extinguishers
• Fire extinguishers apply an agent that will cool
burning heat, smother fuel or remove oxygen
so the fire cannot continue to burn. A portable
fire extinguisher can quickly control a small
fire if applied by an individual properly
trained. Fire extinguishers are located
throughout every building on campus.
 Why fire supression is used?
• The objectives of fire suppression systems
are to provide cooling, control the fire (i.e.,
prevent it from spreading), and provide
extinguishment of the fire incident. A variety
of fire suppression methods are available to
protect a facility.
 Need for fire suspension system
• Fire suppression systems can help save lives
and minimize any damage done to the
building as well as any necessary clean up
after the fact. Protect your business or
building today by ensuring that you have
adequate fire suppression systems from
Smoke Guard installed throughout the space.
• Intumescent coatings
• These epoxy-based coatings are applied to
steel surfaces and expand when exposed to
heat, forming an insulating foam layer that
protects the steel from fire damage for up to
four hours
 Fire resistant wall and floors
• Fire-resistant walls and floors
• These barriers help to compartmentalize a
building into smaller sections, slowing or
preventing the spread of fire and smoke.
 Other example of PFP system
• Other examples of PFP systems include:
• Emergency exit lights
• Dampers
• Flame shields
• Mortar
• Mineral fiber matting
• Spray fireproofing
 Fire wall and its types
• Firewalls in fire safety engineering are assemblies of materials that
are designed to slow the spread of fire in a building. They are part
of a classification system that also includes fire barriers and fire
partitions, with firewalls providing the most protection. Firewalls
are required when a building has multiple occupancies, such as
separate units or suites, or when there are two or more major
occupancies in the same building. They allow a building to be
divided into smaller sections, so that if one section becomes
unstable, it can break away from the others.

• Firewalls can also refer to network security devices that protect

organizations from cyber attacks. There are many different types of
firewalls, which can be categorized by their structure, operation,
and threat protection level. Some examples of firewalls include
 Fire wall types
• Types. There are three main classifications of
fire rated walls: fire walls, fire barriers, and fire
partitions. A firewall is an assembly of
materials used to delay the spread of fire a
wall assembly with a prescribed fire resistance
duration and independent structural stability.
 Firewall in fire safety
• A fire wall is a barrier that is designed to
prevent the spread of fire. These walls are
typically made of materials that have a high
fire resistance rating, such as concrete or
brick. They can be found both within buildings
and on the exterior of buildings to separate
different structures or sections of a building
 Fire Barriors

• Firewalls and fire barriers are both designed to

prevent a fire from spreading, but these often-
confused structures are actually quite
different. Ideally, firewalls and fire barriers are
used together to make a structure as safe as
possible.
 Fire Seperation
• Fire separation systems are essential
components for protecting buildings from fire
and smoke. Fire-rated materials such
as gypsum board, steel, concrete, and
intumescent coatings are commonly used to
create fire separation walls and floors.
 Fire Seperation
• Fire separation is a passive fire protection system that uses
construction methods to divide a building into distinct
areas to prevent or slow the spread of fire. Fire separation
can involve walls, floors, doors, and ducts that are made of
fire-resistant materials like concrete or steel. The goal of
fire separation is to contain the fire in the room where it
started, which can help people evacuate safely, reduce
structural damage, and make it easier for firefighters.
• Fire separation systems can include compartmentation,
which is dividing a building into smaller sections or
compartments with fire-resistant walls and floors. These
compartments, also known as firecells, are designed to
contain the fire for a specified period of time, typically 30,
60, 90, or 120 minutes.
 Fire Segregation
• We can conclude that fire separation is the
method for protecting buildings from the
spread of fire into adjoining areas for
designated periods by the introduction of fire-
resisting elements (e.g. walls, floors, doors,
ducts).
 Fire Segregation
• Flammables and oxidizers must be stored
separately in the storage area. The cylinders
must be separated by a distance of 6 meters
or must be separated by a fire resistant wall of
30 minutes fire resistance.
 Fire Isolation
• Fire Isolated. Fire isolated is the term that
describes one compartment being separated
by a fire resisting structure from a another
(serarate) compartment or structure.
 Fire Engineering Method
• The discipline of fire engineering includes, but
is not exclusive to: Fire detection – fire alarm
systems and brigade call systems. Active fire
protection – fire suppression systems. Passive
fire protection – fire and smoke barriers,
space separation.