Ic Eng-Cooling System of An Automobile

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
COOLING SYSTEM OF AN AUTOMOBILE
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COOLING SYSTEM OF AN AUTOMOBILES
1. PRINCIPLE:
Internal combustion engines must maintain a stable operating temperature, not too hot and not too
cold. With the massive amounts of heat that is generated from the combustion process, if the
engine did not have a method for cooling itself, it would quickly self-destruct. Major engine parts
can warp causing oil and water leaks and the oil will boil and become useless. While some engines
are air-cooled, the vast majority of engines are liquid cooled. The water pump circulates coolant
throughout the engine, hitting the hot areas around the cylinders and heads and then sends the hot
coolant to the radiator to be cooled off.
Schematic Picture of Cooling System:
Components used in for water cooling to engine:
1. RADIATOR:
Cools off the anti-freeze/coolant mixture by allowing air passing through the tube/fin area to
dissipate the heat generated by the engine.
2. WATER PUMP:
Draws the cooled anti-freeze from the radiator and pumps it through the engine block, cylinder
head(s), heater core and back to the radiator.
3. FREEZE PLUGS:
Is actually a steel plug designed to seal holes in the engine block and cylinder head(s) created from
the casting process. In freezing weather they may push out if there is not enough anti-freeze
protection.
4. HEAD GASKET /TIMING COVER GASKET:
Seals the major parts of the engine. Prevents oil, anti-freeze and cylinder pressure from mixing
together.
5. HEATER CORE:
Provides heat to the interior of the car by using heat removed from the antifreeze and blown in by
the blower motor. May cause steam, odor or actual dripping inside the car when it leaks.
6. THERMOSTAT:
Controls the minimum operating temperature of the engine. The thermostat is closed when the
engine is cold in order to speed warm-up and opens when normal operating temperature is reached
to allow the anti-freeze /coolant to pass through the radiator.
7. ELECTRIC COOLING FAN:
Most front wheel drive cars use this because of the transverse mounted engine. It is turned on by a
system of sensors and relays when the engine reaches about 230° F and stays on until R is cooled
to about 200°F
Purpose of the Engine Cooling System:

The purpose of the Engine Cooling System is to prevent the overheating of your vehicle’s engine.
With engine combustion reaching extremely high temperatures, the resulting heat needs to be
dissipated. An efficient cooling system is essential to prevent the engine from burning!! Another
function of the cooling system is to regulate the temperature inside the passenger compartment,
insuring your comfort and that of your passengers. On most recent vehicles, the engine cooling
system is pressurized. You should not attempt to effectuate maintenance or repair work on the
system. Servicing or repairing this system requires specific tools and adequate training.
How it Works:
The radiator is the main component of the cooling system. The cooling fluid (or coolant) flows
through the inner core of the radiator and transfers its heat to the metal cooling fins that surround
the core. The airflow - provided by the radiator fan - that passes through the fins dissipates the
heat from the coolant. Cooling fluid is usually deep green in color but recent coolant formulas are
the color of rusty water. Note that it is important to use a type of cooling fluid that is
recommended for your vehicle’s particular model. Moreover, you should not mix different types
of coolants. The radiator hoses link the upper and lower parts of the radiator to the engine so that
the cooling fluid can flow to and from the engine. The water pump circulates the coolant around
the cooling system and into the engine block. The water pump is usually activated by either a belt
located on the crank pulley or a timing belt that turns at about the same RPM as the engine. The
heater core is a small radiator-type device located under the dashboard in the passenger
compartment. The temperature knob on the instrument panel controls the temperature control
valve located in the engine compartment. Turning the knob toward the warmer setting opens the
temperature control valve, allowing coolant from the engine to circulate through the heater core
and warm the interior of the car. Inversely, turning the temperature knob toward the cold setting
does close the temperature control valve, allowing cool air from the air conditioning system (if the
car is equipped with this system) to flow through the heater core and cool the interior of the
vehicle. The temperature gauge, located on the instrument panel, is linked to a sensor located on
the engine block. This sensor registers variable levels of electrical resistance as the engine heats
up and allows an accurate monitoring of engine temperature. An overflow bottle is used as a
reservoir for the coolant as it expands and contracts within the system. When hot, the coolant
expands and the overflow of liquid is directed to this reservoir. Inversely, when the radiator cools
down, the coolant contracts and induces a vacuum within the radiator which then pulls in coolant
from this same reservoir. As the reserve tank tends to collect residues from the cooling system, it
must be cleaned when the coolant is changed. The radiator cap closes the filling hole of the
radiator through which the coolant is poured. For the entire cooling system to work properly, the
radiator cap is designed to seal the cooling system to a specific pressure.
Signs of troubles related to vehicle’s Engine Cooling System:

 Temperature gauge indicating above normal engine temperature
 Pool of green, orange or yellow fluid under your vehicle possibly indicating a leak in
cooling system
 No or little heat in passenger compartment

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INSTRUCTION MANUAL

COOLING SYSTEM OF AN AUTOMOBILE

Schematic Picture of Cooling System:

Components used in for water cooling to engine:

4. HEAD GASKET /TIMING COVER GASKET:

7. ELECTRIC COOLING FAN:

Purpose of the Engine Cooling System:

Signs of troubles related to vehicle’s Engine Cooling System:

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