Lect02 - Engine Cooling System

Engine Cooling System
Cooling System
 An automobile's cooling system is the collection of
parts and substances (coolants) that work together
to maintain the engine's temperature at optimal
levels. Comprising many different components
such as water pump, coolant, a thermostat etc. the
system enables smooth and efficient functioning of
the engine at the same time protecting it from
damage
 An automotive cooling system must perform
several functions
 Remove excess heat from the engine
 Maintain a consist engine temperature
Need Of Cooling System
 Get the engine up to optimum operating
Temperature as quickly as possible and maintains
it at that temperature.
 Controls the heat produced in combustion
chamber, so that the engine parts are not
damaged.
 The temp. of component must be maintained
within certain limit in order to obtain maximum
performance of engine. Adequate cooling is then a
fundamental requirement associated with
reciprocating I.C.engine.
Types of cooling system
 In order to cool the engine a cooling medium is
required. On the basis of medium, in general use for
cooling I.C. engine, types of cooling system are:-
 liquid or indirect cooling system.

 air or direct cooling system.
Liquid Cooled System
A liquid is circulated around the cylinders and
absorb heat from the cylinder walls and cylinder
head. Coolant absorbs heat as it passes through the
engine.
•Hot coolant enters the radiator in which the heat is

passed on to air that is flowing through the radiator.
Water Jackets
Designed to keep engine block and cylinder head cool.
Open spaces between the outside of cylinder and inside of cylinder

block and head.
When engine is running at normal operating temperature, the

coolant is forced through the water jackets in the engine block,
through the head gasket, into the head, and back to the radiator.
Head Gasket
Water Pump
Draws the coolant from the
radiator, through the lower
radiator hose, and then forces it
through the water jackets, back
into the radiator.
Water pumps gasket is placed
between the water pump and the
engine block to prevent leakage
(if left loose it might leak and if
tightened too much it might
crack)
Fan:-
The fan is mounted on the impeller
spindle driven by a suitable belt
pulley arrangement .Fan draws air
through the radiator at low speeds.
Thermostat
Thermostat is placed between the cylinder head and top

radiator hose.
•The temperature that the thermostat opens is called
thermostat rating.
•The thermostat's main job is to allow the engine to heat
up quickly, and then to keep the engine at a constant
temperature
Radiator
Radiator is a heat exchanger that removes heat from the

coolant passing through it.
 Vehicles equipped with automatic transmission have
transmission cooler build into the radiator.
The purpose of radiator is to provide a large amount of
cooling surface area so that water passing downward
through it in thin stream is cooled efficiently.
Coolant Recovery Tank
Keeps the coolant level full in

the system at all times.
Works in conjunction with the
radiator cap.
When the engine heats up the
coolant expands and flows to
the recovery tank.
When the engine cools the
coolant contracts and creates a
vacuum and draws the fluid
back into the radiator.
Reduces air in system
Reduces rust
Less need to open radiator
Air Cooled System
 In air cooled system a current of air made to flow

past the outside of the cylinder barrel ,outer
surface area which has been considerably increased
by providing cooling fins.
 The amount of heat dissipated to air depends upon
(a) Amount of air flowing through the fins.

(b) Fin surface area.
(c) Thermal conductivity of metal used for fins.
Cooling Fins
 In the study of heat transfer, a fin is a
surface that extends from an object to
increase the rate of heat transfer to or
from the environment by
increasing convection.
The amount of conduction, convection,
or radiation of an object determines the
amount of heat it transfers. Increasing
the temperature difference between the
object and the environment, increasing
the convection heat transfer coefficient ,
or increasing the surface area of the
object increases the heat transfer.
Advantages and Disadvantages
of liquid Cooling System
 Advantages:-
(a) Uniform cooling of cylinder, cylinder head and
valves.
(b) Specific fuel consumption of engine improves by
using water cooling system.
(c) If we employ water cooling system, then engine
need not be provided at the front end of moving
vehicle.
(d) Engine is less noisy as compared with air cooled
engines, as it has water for damping noise.
Disadvantages
(a) It depends upon the supply of water.
(b) The water pump which circulates water absorbs
considerable power.
(c) If the water cooling system fails then it will result
in severe damage of engine.
(d) The water cooling system is costlier as it has
more number of parts. Also it requires more
maintenance and care for its parts.
Advantages and Disadvantages
of air Cooling System
Advantages:-
(a) Radiator/pump is absent hence the system is light.
(b) In case of water cooling system there are leakages,
but in this case here are no leakages.
(c) Coolant and antifreeze solutions are not required.
(d) This system can be used in cold climates, where if
water is used it may freeze.
Disadvantages
(a) Comparatively it is less efficient.

(b) It is used in aero planes and motorcycle engines
where the engines are exposed to air directly.

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Engine Cooling System

 liquid or indirect cooling system.

•Hot coolant enters the radiator in which the heat is

Open spaces between the outside of cylinder and inside of cylinder

When engine is running at normal operating temperature, the

Thermostat is placed between the cylinder head and top

Radiator is a heat exchanger that removes heat from the

Keeps the coolant level full in

 In air cooled system a current of air made to flow

(a) Amount of air flowing through the fins.

(a) Comparatively it is less efficient.

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