ITWORKSHOP LAB MANUAL

DEPARTMENT OF S&H

S.R.K INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ACADEMIC YEAR 2024-2025

(I B.Tech I SEM R23 Regulation)

Prepared by
K.Durga Bhavani Prepared by
(M.tech) B.KANAKADURGA DEVI(M.TECH)
 PCHardware PAGE
NO
1 Task-
1:Identifytheperipheralsofacomputer,componentsinaCPUanditsfunctions.Drawtheblockd
iagramoftheCPUalongwiththeconfigurationofeachperipheralandsubmittoyourinstructor.E
verystudentshoulddisassembleandassemblethePCbacktoworkingcondition.
2 Task-2: Every studentshould dissemble and assemble the pc back to working condition.
Labinstructor shouldverifythewokand fallowwithviva.Alsostudentneed
togothoughthevideo which shows the process of assembling a pc. A video would be
given as part of thecoursecontent.
3 Task-3:Every student should individually install MS windows on the pc, lab
instructorshouldverify theinstallation and fallowitup withviva.
4 Task-4: Every student should individually install operating system like Linux or
MSwindowsonthepersonalcomputer.Thesystemshouldbeconfiguredasdualbootwithboth
windows andLinux
5 MICROSOFT-OFFICE-MS-WORD:

6 Task-1:Word Orientation : The Mentor needs to give an overview of latex and

Microsoft officeor equivalent tool word: Importance of latex and MS-office or
equivalent tool word as wordprocessors, Details of the four tasks and feature that would
be covered in each using latex andword-accessing, overview of toolbar, saving files
using help and resources rulers, format painterin word.
7 Task-2: UsingMS - Wordtocreateprojectcertificate, Featurestobecovered:-
FormattingFontsinword, DropCapin word,ApplyingTexteffects,UsingCharacter
Spacing,BordersandColors,InsertingHeaderandFooter,UsingDate and time option in
both word.
8 Task-3: Creating Project abstract Features to be covered:-Formatting Styles,
Insertingtable,BulletsandNumbering,ChangingTextDirection,Cellalignment,Footnote,Hy
perlink,Symbols,SpellCheck,TrackChanges.
9 Task-4:CreatingaNewsletter:Featurestobecovered:-
TableofContent,Newspapercolumns,Imagesfromfilesandclipart,DrawingtoolbarandWord
Art,FormattingImages,Textboxes,Paragraphs and mail merge inword.
MS-EXCEL
Task-
1:CreatingaScheduler:Gridlines,Formatcells,Summation,autofill,FormattingText.
10
Task-2:Calculating GPA: Cell Referencing, Formulae inspreadsheet–
average,std.deviation,Charts,RenamingandInsertingworksheets,Hyperlinking,Countfuncti
on.

11 Task-3: Splits cells, freeze pans, group and outline, sorting,Boolean and logical
operators, conditional formatting.
POWER POINT PRESENTATION

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 12 Task-
1:CreatingPowerPoint:Studentshouldworkonbasicpowerpointutilitiesandtoolswhichhel
pthemcreatebasicpowerpointpresentation. PPT Orientation, Slide Layouts, Inserting
Text, Formatting Text, Bullets and Numbering, AutoShapes, Lines and Arrows,
Hyperlinks,InsertingImages,Tables andcharts.

Task-2: Interactivepresentations-hyperlinks, in seting-images, clipart, audio,

videoobjectstablesandcharts.

Task-3: Master layoutstypeofviewandinserting

background,texturedesigntemplateshiddenslides.

Internet World Wide Web

13 Task-1: Orientation & Connectivity Boot Camp: Students should get connected to their
Local Area Network and access the Internet. In the process they configure the TCP/IP
setting. Finally students should demonstrate how to access the websites and email.
Task-2:Web Browsers, Surfing the Web: Students customize their web browsers with
the LAN proxy settings, bookmarks, search toolbars and pop up blockers. Also, plug-ins
like Macromedia Flash and JRE for applets should be Configured .
Task-3: Search Engines & Netiquette: Students should know what search engines are and
how to use the search engines. Usage of search engines like Google, Yahoo, ask.com and
others should be demonstrated by student.
Task-4: Cyber Hygiene: Students should learn about viruses threats on the internet and
would be asked to configurate this computer to be safe on the internet. Student should
learn to customize the browsers to block pop ups, block active x downloads to avoid
viruses and/or worms.

14 Task-: AITOOLS
Prompt engineering: experiment with different types of prompts to see how the model
respondstry to asking questions, starting conversations’ even providing incomplete
sentences to see howthemodelcompletes them.
Creative writing: use the model as a writing assistant. provide the beginning of a story
or adescription of a scene and let the model generate the rest of the content. This can be a
fun waytobrainstormcreativeidea.
Language translator:experiment with tessellation tasks by providing a sentences in
onelanguageandasking themodeltotranslateitin toanotherlanguagecomparetheoutput..

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 PCHARDWARE

TASK 1:

Every student should identify the peripherals of a computer, components in a CPU and its functions.
Draw theblock diagram of the CPU along with the configuration of each peripheral and submit to your
instructor. EverystudentshoulddisassembleandassemblethePCbacktoworkingcondition.

AIM: To Identify the peripherals of a computer, components in a CPU and its functions and to draw the
blockdiagramoftheCPUalongwiththeconfigurationofeachperipheral.ToassembleandisassemblethePCbacktow
orkingcondition..

Hardware Requirements: Cabinet, Hard Disk, CD/DVD Drive, Floppy Drive, Monitor, Mouse, Keyboard,
MotherBoard, Socket 478, Processor, Heat Sink Fan, RAM Slots, PCI Slot, AGP Slots, CMOS Battery,
BIOS, North Bridge,SouthBridge,IDE Slots,SMPS,ATXpowerConnector.

SoftwareRequirements:NotRequired

INTRODUCTIONTOCOMPUTER:

A computer is a programmable machine or computer is an electronicdevice which takes the input

information
fromtheinputdevice,processorexecutestheinputinProcessororCPUandgeneratestheoutputinformationthrough
outputdevices.Computerenablesarithmeticcomputations,dataprocessing,informationmanagement(storage)and
knowledgereasoninginanefficientmanner.

BLOCKDIAGRAMOFCOMPUTER

Basicallythecomputer systemhasthreemajor components.Theseare

1. CentralProcessingUnit(Processor)
2. InputandOutputUnit.
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 3. MemoryUnit(MainMemoryandAuxiliarystorage).
CENTRALPROCESSINGUNIT:

The Central Processing Unittakesthe inputdata from the input devices and processes it according to
the setof instructions. After that generate the output and sends the output to the output devices. The CPU is
composed threeparts.Theseare
 ALU:ArithmeticLogicalUnit(ALU)isusedtodothearithmeticoperationsondatabyadding,subtracting,
dividing,multiplyingand incrementingand decrementing.

ItisalsousedforLogicaloperationslikeAND, OR,NOTandX-OR.

 Control Unit:Control unit is mainly used for generating the electronic control & timing signals for program
execution. Itcontrolsalltheoperations ofthecomputer.

 Registers:CPU also possesses the memory to hold the data temporarily during the execution of an
instruction. These aresmallmemory locationsin CPU.

1. INPUTANDOUTPUTUNIT:

INPUTDEVICE:

Inputdevicesacceptthedataandinstructionsfromtheuser.

Ex:Mouse,Scanner,Keyboard,

joysticks,digitalcameras,microphones,etc…OUTPUTDEVICE:

Outputdevicesreturntheprocesseddatabacktotheuser.

Ex:Monitor,Printer,etc…

2. MEMORYUNIT:

Memoryislikeanelectronicscratchpadinsidethe computer.Itisa storageunittoholdthe data.

In the computer the data will be stored and retrieved in the form of bits and bytes. The byte will store
a singlecharactersuchasaletterofthealphabetoranumeral.

a) 8BITS=1BYTE

b) 1024BYTES=1KB

c) 1024KB=1MB

d) 1024MB=1 GB

e) 1024GB= 1TB.
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Thememorycanbeclassifiedintotwocategories. Theseare

I. Primaryormainmemory

II. Secondaryorauxiliarymemory

I. PRIMARYORMAINMEMORY:

Primarymemoryisthefastestmemoryinacomputer.Thismemoryisprimarily(temporarily)usedtostorethedataand
programs duringtheexecutionofaprogram.

Primarymemoryisclassifiedintotwocategoriescalled

a) RandomAccessMemory(RAM)

b) ReadOnlyMemory(ROM)\

II. SECONDARYORAUXILIARYMEMORY:

Secondarymemory used to store thedatapermanently. Thedatawill bestored in storage

devices.StoragedevicesarelikeMagneticdisks,Harddisks,Floppy disks,Compactdisks.

IDENTIFICATIONOFPERIPHERALS:
Cabinet:Itisusedtoinstallallhardwaredeviceslike(MotherBoard,SMPS,HDD,CDROM,andFDD).IthasSta
rt,RestartButton,Led’s,AudioandUSBConnecters areavailableatfrontside.

TheMotherBoard/SystemBoard:
InPersonalComputers,aMotherBoardisthecentralprintedcircuitBoard(PCB)inmanymoderncomputers
and holds many of the crucial components of the system, providing connectors for other peripherals.
It is alsocalledasmainboardorsystemboard.

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 ClassificationofMother Boards:

1) IntegratedMotherBoardshavealltheperipheraldeviceslots,inputoutputports,serialandparallelport
saremountedontheboard.
2) Non-
IntegratedMotherBoardshaveallperipheraldeviceslotsandinputoutputports,,serialandparallelpor
tsareconnectedusing expansionBoards.
ListofMotherBoardManufacturesare:Intel,Zebronics,Acer Inc.,VIATechnologies,etc.

MotherBoard
MotherBoard Parts:

a) Socket 478: It has 478 pin slots to place the CPU in it and above the CPU place the Heat Sink
Fan to cooltheprocessorwhenitgenerates theheatand wecanfixthefan withlocks.

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 CPUorProcessor:
CPU The central processing unit contains the heart of any computer, the processor. The processor is
fitted onto a Mother Board. The Mother Board contains various components, which support the
functioning of a PC.Clock Speedmeasureshow fastaprocessor
completesoperations,usuallymeasuredinmegahertz
andgigahertz.A1.8GHzprocessorrunsat1,800,000,000cyclespersecond.ListofCPUManufacturersare:A

MD,INTEL,Samsung,IBM,Transmeta,etc

HeatSinkFan
RAMSlotsandRAMs
RAMSlotsareusedtoplacetheRAMCards.RAMsareusedtoincrease
theprocessingspeedthesystemtorunapplication moreeffectively, andithastemporarymemory.
Wehavetwotypes ofRAMs

i) SDRAM(SynchronousDynamic),ithastwoGaps/Notche
ii) DDRRAM(DoubleDataRate),ithasoneGap/Notch

DDR RAM

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SDRAM

ManufacturesofRAM’sareTranscend,Kingston,Micron, Hynix,etc.

NorthBridge:
It is also called as controller. It converts electronic signals to binary values and binary values to

electronicsignals.

SouthBridge:
Itiscontrolsmajorcomponentsofmotherboardanditisabackboneoftheinputoutdevices.Itiscommunicates
PCIslots,IDE-1, IDE-2,floppyconnecter, BIOSchip.

CMOS(ComplementaryMetalOxideSemiconductor)Battery
Computer is using a coin shape battery. It generates the clock signal and it manages system
time continuously.

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Primary&Secondary(IDE-1&IDE-2):
MainlytherearethreeIDEslotsandcablesi.e.IDE-
1(Primary)toconnectHardDiskDrivehaving40pinslotand80wirecable,IDE-
2(Secondary)toconnectCD/DVDDrivehaving40pinslotand40wirecable,IDE-3 (Tertiary) to
connect Floppy Drive having 35 pin slot 3.5inch wire with a cut in middle. But
presentmotherboards doesnothaveIDE-3 slot.

a) Input& Outputports:
I/O ports are used to connecting I/O device such as key boards, mouse, monitor, printer, scanner,
speakersetc...

b) AGPSlot&AGPCard:
AcceleratedGraphicPort(AGP)SlotisusedinstalltheAGPcard.AGPbackviewsame asVGAport(15-
pins)andusedtoconnectingthemonitors.

c) PCI(Expansion)Cards, PCISlots:
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) slots are used to place the PCI cards such as LAN
(Ethernet)Card, SoundCard,TVTunerCard, etc.
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 LANCard SoundCard TVTunerCard

BIOSChip:
BIOS(BasicInputOutputSystem)controlshowtheoperatingsystemandhardwarewoktogetherandmanag
esallthehardwaredevicesinstalled in motherboard.

1. ATXPowerconnecterSlot:
ATX(AdvancedTechnologyExtended)powerconnectorslotusedtoplacetheATXpowerconnectorfromS
MPStosupplythepowerto motherboard.

2. SMPS(SwitchedmodePowerSupply)

To supply the power to all the components inside the cabinet and it is a case that holds a transformer,
voltagecontrolandfan.

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 3. HDD (HardDiskDrive)

HDD is a device for storing and retrieving digital information, primarily computer data. It consists of
rotatingdiscs (often referred to as platters), coated with magnetic material and with magnetic heads
arranged to writedatatothesurfaces andread itfromthem.

ListofManufacturersofHDDDevicesare:Hitachi,Samsung, Toshiba,SeagateTechnology
4. CD-ROMDrive/DVDROMDrive

CDDrivethemostcommontype ofremovablemedia.

Thecommon typesare:CD-ROM,CD-RW,CD-R,DVD,DVD-ROM.,DVD-RW, DVD-R

5. DifferentScrewsUsed:

AComputersystemhasthreekinds’screws

i) Mother BoardScrews(SmallSize)
ii) HDD,CD/DVD,FDDDriveScrews(MediumSize)
iii) Outer screwstofixsidesofcabinet(LargeSize)

Result:IntroductiontocomputersandIdentificationperipheralstaskcompleted.

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 TASK2:
AIM:: Every studentshould dissemble and assemble the pc back to working condition.Lab
shouldverifythewokand fallowwithviva.Alsostudentneed togothroughthevideo which shows the process of
assembling a pc. A video would be given as part of thecoursecontent.

Hardware Requirements: Cabinet, Hard Disk, CD/DVD Drive, Floppy Drive, Monitor, Mouse, Keyboard,
MotherBoard, Processor, Heat Sink Fan, RAM Cards, PCI Cards, AGP Card, CMOS Battery, IDE cables,
SMPS, ATX powerConnector.

SoftwareRequirements:NotRequired

SafetyPrecautions:

1. Bewareofelectrostaticdischarge(ESO)
2. Buildcomputeronahardsurface,awayfromconcepts.
3. Wearshoesandtheshortsleevedcottonwear.
4. UsePhillips,headscrewdriver.
5. Keepthecomponentsawayfrommoisture.
6. Avoidusingpressurewhileinstalling.
StepsforAssembling:

1. Settingthecabinetready.
2. Preparingtofitthecomponents.
3. Fittingthemother board.
4. FittingtheRAM,processorandcooler.
5. InstallingPCIcards.
6. Fittingthe harddiskandfloppydrive.
7. InstallingtheCDROMdrives.
8. Connectingtheribboncables.
9. Poweringthedrivesand motherboard.
10. Connectingthe cablesfor thecasefrontpanel.
11. Finalcheck.
GettingtheCabinetReady:-

1. Checkhowtoopenthecabinetanddeterminewheretofixthecomponents.
2. Determineifthecasehastheappropriaterisersinstalled.

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 Preparingtofit theComponents:

Networkadapterdrive.
1. BUS cables.
2. Harddisk.
3. CD-ROMDrive.
4. RAM
5. CPU
6. Heatsink/cooler/fan.
7. Motherboard.
8. Screws

FittingtheMother board:

1. LineupthepatchonthemotherboardwiththeappropriateholesintheblockpanelI/O shieldof thecase.

2. Checkthepointswhereyouandtoinstall
3. Installthemandmakethemotherboardsitonthemandfixscrewsifrequired

Fittingtheprocessor:

1. Raisethesmallleveratthesideofthesocket.
2. Noticethatthereisapinmissingatonecorner,determinethedirectiontofitintheprocessor.
3. YoushouldnotforcetheCPU.Wheninsertingit.Allpinsshouldslidesmoothlyintothesocket.
4. Locktheleverbackdown.
5. Installtheheatsinkover it(Differenttypefor eachprocessor). Heatsink/CPUfan.

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 FittingtheRAM:

1. TheRAMmustbesuitablefor motherboard.

2. Therearecurrently2typesofRAMavailable.
a) SDRAM.
b) DDRRAM.
3. Themother board’schipsetdetermineswhichtypeofRAMmaybeused.

InstallingthePCICards:

1. Mostof thecardsareinbuiltthese days.

2. NetworkInterfaceCards,SoundCardsetc.arefittedintoPCIslots.
FittingtheharddiskandFloppydisk:

1. Placethefloppyandharddisksintheirslots.
2. Leavesome spaceaboveHDDtopreventheatbuilding.
3. Checkthejumperconfiguration.
4. Fixthescrews
.

InstallingtheCD-ROMDrives:

1. CD-ROMdriveissimilartoinstallinga harddisk.
2. 1STcheckthatthejumperconfigurationiscorrect.
3. Fixthescrew.

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 ConnectingtheBUS Cables,powerconnectors:-

1. Attachthelongendof thecabletotheIDEUconnectoronthemotherboardfirst.
2. TheredstripeontheIDEcableshouldbefacingtheCD Power.

FinalCheck:-

1. Motherboardjumperconfigurationsarethesettingsfortheprocessoroperator.
2. Drivejumpersettings,master/slavecorrect?
3. Istheprocessor, RAMmodulesandplugincardsfinallyseatedintheirsockets?
4. Didyou plugallthecables in?Dotheyallfitreally?
5. Haveyoufrightenedallthescrews inplug- incardsorfittedtheclips?
6. Arethedrivesecure?
7. Haveuconnectedthepowercablestoalldriver?

Result:IntroductiontocomputersandIdentificationperipheralstaskcompleted.
Assemblinganddisass
emblingprocedureissuccessfullycompleted.

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 TASK-3:
EverystudentshouldindividuallyinstalloperatingsystemlikeLinuxorMSwindowsonthepersonalcompute
r. Thesystemshouldbeconfiguredasdual boot withbothwindowsandLinux.
INSTALLATIONOFWINDOWS10:

AIM:ToinstallWindows 10
HardwareRequirements: PersonalComputer,XPCD
SoftwareRequirements: OperatingSystem
THEORY:

Installing Windows 10 from a USB flash drive is one of the most efficient ways to set up or upgrade
your operating system. Whether you’re installing Windows 10 on a new PC or performing a clean
installation on your existing device, using a bootable USB drive simplifies the process. This method
allows you to bypass the need for physical discs and offers faster installation times.
In this guide, we’ll show you how to create a bootable USB drive, set it up as your primary boot device,
and install Windows 10 step by step.

Windows 10 Hardware Requirements

Here are the minimum system specifications needed to properly run Windows 10:
 Processor: 1GHz or faster
 RAM: 1GB for 32-bit or 2GB for 64-bit
 Storage Space: 16GB for 32-bit or 20GB for 64-bit
 Graphics Card: DirectX 9 or later with a WDDM 1.0 driver
 Display: 800×600
Installing Windows 10 From USB Flash Drive
It’s not always possible to install Windows 10 using a disc because the majority of modern computers do
not have a CD or DVD drive. Luckily, discs are no longer necessary—all you need is a USB drive.
Here, we will first focus on the configuration of the USB drive that is going to be used for the installation
process. Following that, the steps for the installation of Windows 10 will be executed.

PROCEDURE:
Configuration of USB Drive:
Step 1: Browse to the Official Website of Windows 10 & download the ISO File for configuration
purposes. Click on Download Tool Now. Insert the USB Drive into the device which has a minimum of 8
GB of free memory

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Step 2: Open the installed file & click on the Accept button to move ahead.

Note: It is advisable to read all the items & conditions before moving ahead. If you find anything
improper, you can decline the process.

Step 3: Click on the Second Option to create Installation Media. After that, click on Next.

Step 4: Now, in the next window, mark the Checkbox which will get all the device-related information.
Click Next to move ahead.

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Step 5: Now, click on the USB Drive option & click Next.

Step 6: Now, the USB Drive will be shown, click Next to start processing.

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Step 7: After waiting a bit, click on Finish to complete the process.

Hence, we have successfully configured the USB drive for installing Windows 10 on a desktop or laptop.

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Installation of Windows 10:
The steps to install Windows 10 from USB are as follows:

Step 1: To boot Windows 10 with USB, restart the device & enter the boot menu option. On the screen,
click on Next by leaving all the options as it is.
Note: The method to enter the boot menu is different for different devices. Sometimes, pressing the F2 key
can lead to the boot menu. It is advisable to search for the key on the internet along with the name of the
motherboard. Because the key depends upon the type of motherboard installed in the device
.

Step 2: Now, click on the Install Now button.

Step 3: In the next window, it will ask for the Product Key. Click on the option below to move ahead
without Product Key.

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Step 4: On the next page, so many options will be present for Windows 10. Select the Default one &
click Next.

Step 5: Click on the Checkbox as consent for the terms & conditions. And click on the Next button.
Note: It is advisable to read all the items & conditions before moving ahead. If you find anything
improper, you can decline the process.

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Step 6: Now, click on the Upgrade option to move all the files & supported applications to Windows 10
without occurring any error.

Step 7: Now, the installation process is started. Wait till the installation is completed.

Hence, we have successfully installed Windows 10 operating system using a USB drive on any computer
or laptop.
Installing Windows 10 from a USB flash drive is a straightforward process that allows you to easily set
up a clean
installation of the operating system. Whether you’re upgrading your current system or installing Windows
10 on a new PC, using a bootable USB drive is one of the quickest and most efficient methods. By
following the steps outlined in this guide, you can create a bootable USB, configure your BIOS, and
install Windows 10 with ease, ensuring your system is up and running in no time.

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TASK4:

AIM:Every student should individually install operating system like Linux or

MSwindowsonthepersonalcomputer.Thesystemshouldbeconfiguredasdualbootwithbothwindows andLinux.

SoftwareRequirement:Linuxcompactdiscs(3)

HardwareRequirement:PersonalComputer

THEORY:Creating a dual boot system with Linux and Windows allows you to enjoy the best of both
operating systems on a single machine. Whether you’re a developer needing a versatile environment, a
student exploring different software, or just someone who enjoys flexibility, dual booting provides a
practical solution. This guide will walk you through the steps to set up a dual boot system, ensuring you
can seamlessly switch between Linux and Windows as needed.
PROCEDURE:
Prerequisites
 It is recommended that you have 100 – 150 GB of free Hard Disk space, although anything above 40
GB would do the job. (This step is important as it is the amount of space you will be dedicated to
your Linux OS, and once Linux is installed you will not be able to access this space through
Windows)
 A USB flash drive has a minimum space of 8 GB.
 (Optional, Only for newer machines) Make sure whether Windows is installed in UEFI mode or
Legacy BIOS Mode.

Making Sure whether Windows is installed in legacy BIOS mode or UEFI mode

STEP 1: Unallocating the Required amount of Hard Disk Space

This step is required to free up some space from your NTFS formatted Hard Disk. This unallocated space
will contain the Linux System Partition and hence it is necessary for you to decide carefully how much
space you will be devoting to linux. To do this go to the Windows Disk Management Service. You can
go to ‘Run’ enter ‘diskmgmt.msc’ and run.

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Windows Disk Management Service

Shrinking an existing Volume to create unallocated space

Specifying Amount to be Shrinked

On the Disk Management Window right click on the Partition from which you want to extract the
required (recommended 100 – 150 Gb) amount of free space, and click of ‘Shrink Volume’. In the
Dialog Box that pops up enter the ‘amount of space to shrink’ as 102400 Mb (100 Gb) and continue. This
would reduce the space of the present volume by 100 Gb and the remaining 100 Gb would be shown as
Unallocated Space. This Completes the 1st Step.

STEP 2: Creating a Bootable Linux USB Drive

For the purpose of this article, we will be installing ‘Ubuntu’ as the Linux OS of choice as it is the most
popular Linux OS and has a large support base. We first need to Download the Disc Image File (.iso file)
of the Ubuntu OS from the Official Ubuntu website (www.ubuntu.com). The Latest LTS (Long Term
Support) Version is preferred over the non-LTS version, as they provide update support for 5 years rather
than 9 months for the non-LTS versions. We also need another software called Rufus for the creation of a
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Bootable USB Drive. A Bootable Drive is one from which the machine can load the OS without
installing it. Then we need to backup all the Contents of the USB flash Drive and Start Rufus. In Rufus,
we make the following settings as shown below.

Setting Up Rufus

Writing Image in ISO mode

Creation of Bootable USB

After the completion of the above Process, we are ready with our Bootable USB Drive.

STEP 3: Disabling Secureboot and Fastboot (Only for Newer Machines)

 Attention! To ensure successful installation of Ubuntu, it is important to disable BitLocker and
secure boot from your bootable drive. It should be noted that in most modern machines, there is only
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 one drive for booting and storing data, and disabling secure boot without disabling BitLocker may
automatically trigger security measures that prevent the installation of Ubuntu. Therefore, to disable
BitLocker, navigate to the Manage BitLocker option via the Start menu, select “Turn off BitLocker,”
and follow the prompts to complete the process. You could get you recovery keys from authorised
microsoft account that is logged in you machine. After creating a backup of recovery keys you can
safely go to the next steps for disabling secure boot.

Bitlocker Recovery Screen (You shouldn’t be here without recovery keys)

 This step is not required for older machines say, older than 2012. In this step we need to enter the
BIOS/UEFI menu of our Computer. In case you are running Windows 8.1/10, before entering the
BIOS/UEFI Menu you need to disable ‘Fast Startup’. For this go to the ‘Power Options’. On the left
side options go to ‘Choose what the power buttons do’ then click of ‘Change Settings that are
currently unavailable’ and Untick ‘Fast Startup’ Below and save these changes.

Power Options

Choosing what the power buttons do

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Turning Off Fast Startup

 Now this step of the Process is manufacturer specific. I suggest you to Google a bit to get the exact
key combination you need to press during the machine startup that will get you into the BIOS/UEFI
Menu. In most Cases you need to press either one of the f1, f2 or f12 keys after turning on the
machine but before windows starts booting up.

STEP 4: Booting Ubuntu Linux From USB Drive

 In the next step we boot Linux from the USB Flash Drive we just created. To do this we enter into the
‘Boot Options’ during the machine starts up but before windows starts loading. The ‘Boot Options
Menu’ is shown below:

 First Bootup of Ubuntu Linux:

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Ubuntu Desktop

STEP 5: Installing Ubuntu Linux

 Once Ubuntu has booted off the USB Flash Drive you can try out the different applications that the
linux distribution has to offer and once you verify all the basic functionality of the OS that you will be
using work on your machine, we can proceed with the installation. Run the ‘Install Ubuntu’ icon
shown on the Ubuntu Desktop by Double Clicking it and Follow the steps as shown below.

Selecting Language

Choosing Keyboard Layout

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Choosing Type of Installation: Normal or Minimal

Installation Type: ‘Something Else’ is selected

 Once you reach the Step asking you ‘How do you want to install Ubuntu’? Select ‘Something Else’
and continue. In the next screen you will see a window showing all the hard disk partitions on your
machine. You need to find from among all the partitions, the one you unallocated in the 1st step, it
will be labelled as free space in this window and it’s space should roughly match 102400 Mb.
Highlight this ‘free space’ by left clicking it and then select the small ‘+’ sign below, this will pop a
dialog box for the creation of a new Partition.

 Modifying the Partition Table

 After installing Linux on your system, you will see that there are 2 partitions of types ‘swap’ and
‘ext4’ these two are the Linux Partitions. But if you didn’t have Linux installed previously you would
only find a portion labelled as free space as mentioned above. 1st we will be creating a ‘swap area’ we
highlight the ‘free space’ open the new partition creation window and enter the amount of space for
swap as equal to the amount of RAM you have. then select the ‘New Partition type’ as ‘Primary’ and
finally select ‘Use as’ ‘swap area’. Now as i already mentioned since i already have linux installed,
from now on i am going to continue the installation process in a virtual machine and hence the exact
partition table and partition sizes may not match.

31
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
 Free Space (Exact Partition Sizes would not match)

Creating swap area

swap area created

Creating Root File System Partition

32
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
 Partition Table Created

 Also make sure your ‘Device for Bootloader Installation’ is set to your internal Hard Disk Drive.
(Where Windows is installed and Linux is going to be installed) in most cases this is ‘/dev/sda’

Device for Bootloader Installation

 After this is created you press ‘Install Now’ and confirm you changes to the Partition Table as shown
below:

Confirmation of Modifications (Make sure both the partitions you created out of the free space are

listed)

 After all this is done you simply need to proceed as follows till the installation starts:

Selecting Your Timezone

33
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
 After this you simply need to continue and give your login credentials (Username, Password) and then
the installation begins. After the installation completes you can shut down your computer, remove the
bootable USB drive and the next time turn on your machine you should be presented by a grub
window as shown below, letting you choose between Linux (Ubuntu, 1st Option) and Windows
(Windows Boot Manager). And there you have your own dual booted system.

Setting up a dual boot system with Linux and Windows provides a versatile and efficient way to utilize
both operating systems on one device. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can enjoy the
flexibility and functionality of both platforms, tailored to your specific needs. Embrace the power of dual
booting to maximize your productivity and explore new possibilities.

34
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
 MICROSOFT-OFFICE
MS-Word
Task-1:
AIM:
The Mentor needs to give an overview of latex and Microsoft officeor equivalent tool word: Importance of
latex and MS-office or equivalent tool word as wordprocessors, Details of the four tasks and feature that
would be covered in each using latex andword-accessing, overview of toolbar, saving files using help and
resources rulers, format painterinword.
WheretofindMSWordonyourpersonalcomputer?
FollowthesesimplestepstoopenMSWordonyourpersonalcomputer:
Start→AllPrograms→MS Office→MS Word.
WhataretheusesofMSWord?
MSWordenables userstodowrite-
ups,createdocuments,resumes,contracts,etc.Thisisoneofthemostcommonlyused
programsundertheOfficesuite.
Howtocreatean MSWord document?
To create an MS Word doc, follow the steps mentioned above to open Microsoft Word. Then once
theprogram is open, click on “File” followed by “New”. This opens a new doc where something
new can becreated.
Since it is used by people of all age groups, in schools, in colleges and for official purposes, having
properknowledgeofMicrosoftWordisamust.ThepreviewoftheMS
Docfileonceitisopenedisgivenbelow:

35
FileTab
TheFiletabreplacestheOfficebuttonfromWord2007.YoucanclickittochecktheBackstageview.Thisis
where you come when you need to open or save files, create new documents, printa document, and
dootherfile-relatedoperations.

QuickAccessToolbar
This you will find just above the File tab. This is a convenient resting place for the
mostfrequently usedcommandsinWord.Youcancustomizethis toolbarbasedonyourcomfort.

Ribbon:
Ribboncontainscommandsorganizedinthreecomponents−
 Tabs − These appear across the top of the Ribbon and contain groups of related
commands.Home,Insert, PageLayoutareexamplesofribbontabs.
 Groups − They organize related commands; each group name appears below the
group
ontheRibbon.Forexample,groupofcommandsrelatedtofontsorgroupofcommandsrelat
edtoalignment,etc.
 Commands−Commandsappearwithineachgroupasmentionedabo
ve.Titlebar
Thisliesinthemiddleandatthetopofthewindow. Titlebarshowstheprogramanddocumenttitles.

Rulers
Word has two rulers - a horizontal ruler and a vertical ruler. The horizontal ruler appears just
beneath theRibbon and is used to set margins and tab stops. The vertical ruler appears on the left
edge of the Wordwindowandis usedtogaugetheverticalpositionofelementsonthepage.
Help
TheHelpIcon canbeusedtogetwordrelatedhelpanytimeyoulike.Thisprovidesnicetutorialonvarious
subjectsrelatedtoword.

ZoomControl
Zoom control lets you zoom in for a closer look at your text. The zoom control consists of a slider
that youcanslideleftorrighttozoominorout;youcanclickthe+buttonstoincreaseordecreasethe
zoomfactor.

ViewButtons
The group of five buttons located to the left of the Zoom control, near the bottom of the screen,
lets youswitchthrough theWord'svariousdocumentviews.

 PrintLayoutview−Thisdisplayspagesexactlyastheywillappearwhenprinted.
 FullScreenReadingview−Thisgivesafullscreenviewofthedocument.
 WebLayoutview−ThisshowshowadocumentappearswhenviewedbyaWebbrowser,s
uchasInternetExplorer.
 Outlineview−ThisletsyouworkwithoutlinesestablishedusingWord‟sstandardheadin
gstyles.
 Draftview−Thisformatstextasitappearsontheprintedpagewithafewexceptions.Forex
ample,headersandfootersaren'tshown. Mostpeoplepreferthismode.

36
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
  The HOME Tab includes commands related to the Clipboard, font selections, paragraph settings,
andstylesandediting.
 TheINSERTtabincludeswhatyouneedtoaddpages,tables,illustrations,links,headersandfooters,textobj
ects,andsymbols in yourdocument.
 ThePAGELAYOUTtabcontainsthecommandsforworkingwith themespage
backgrounds,andparagraphspacinginyourdocument.

 TheREFERENCEStabincludesspecialelementsyouwillusewhenyoucreatelongerormorecompletedo
cuments.
 TheMAILINGStabisanewadditionintheOfficeWord2007interface.Hereyoucanfindeverythingyoune
edtocreating,previewing, andproducingamailmergeproject.

RibbonsorToolBars:

37
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
 DocumentArea:
Thisistheareawhereyoutype.Theflashingverticalbariscalledtheinsertionpointanditrepresentsthelocation
wheretextwillappearwhenyou type.

StatusBar:
Thisdisplaysthedocumentinformationaswellastheinsertionpointlocation.Fromlefttoright,thisbarcontainsthetotal
numberofpagesandwordsin thedocument,language,etc.Youcanconfigurethestatusbarbyright-
clickinganywhereonitandbyselectingordeselectingoptionsfromtheprovidedlist.

DialogBoxLauncher:
Thisappearsasverysmallarrowinthelower-
rightcornerofmanygroupsontheRibbon.Clickingthisbuttonopensadialogbox ortask
panethatprovidesmoreoptionsaboutthegroup.

Creating andSaving aFile:

TheOfficeButtonisthe roundicon atthe topleft-handcorner.Itincludesthe

basicFileFunctionsfromtheolderversionofOffice

New,Open,Save,SaveAs, Print, etc.

ClickontheOfficeButtonicon.Youwillseethe mainfilefunctionsinthepull-downmenu.

Fromthese
optionsyoucanCreateaFile,youcanopenexistedfiles,saveafile,SaveAsoptiontosaveanotherc
opywithanothername, printoption,closeoption,etc.

38
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
Task2:
To create project certificate, Features to be covered:-Formatting Fonts in word, Drop Cap in word,
ApplyingText effects, Using Character Spacing, Borders and Colors, Inserting Header and Footer,
Using Date and TimeoptioninWordandLatex.
Procedure:
TextFonts:
 MicrosoftWordallowsyoutousedifferentfontsindifferentsizes.
 Typically,youusedifferentfontsfor
paragraphsandheadingssoitisimportanttolearnhowtomakethesechanges.
 how to change a font and its size using simple steps.

ChangetheFontType&Size:

 Step1:Selectthetextthatyouwanttochange to adifferentfontandclicktheHometab.Now click the

Font Type button to see the list of available fonts as shown below.
 Step2:Tryhoveringthemouseoverthedifferentfontslisted.Youwillseethatthefontchanges and you
get a preview. You can use the Font Scroll Bar to display more available fonts. Finally, select a
desired font by clicking the font name in the list.

Font
FontSize
List
Button

39
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
Dropcap:Tocreatealargedroppedinitialcapitalletter

HeaderandFooter:

 To create a header, enter text or graphics in the header area or click button on the header and footer.

 Tocreatefooter,clickswitchbetweenheaderandfooter.

 Thenclickexit.

Border:

Ontheformatmenu,clickbordersandshadings.

Tospecifythattheborderappearsonaparticularsideofapage,suchasonlyatthetop,clickcustomundersetting.

Tospecifyaparticularpage orsectionfor

theborderstoappear,clicktheoptionyouwanttoapply.Tospecifytheexactpositionoftheborderonthepage

Finally,clickOK.

Color:

o Selectthetextyouwanttomakeadifferentcolor.

o Toapplythecolormostrecentlyappliedtotext, clickfontcolor.

o Toapplydifferentcolors,clickthearrowontherightofthefontcolorbutton,selectthecoloryouwantandthenclic
kthebutton.

40
Result:CreationofprojectCertificateusingMS Wordcompletedsuccessfullybyapplyingdifferentoptions.

41
TASK-3:
Creating Project abstract Features to be covered: -Formatting Styles,
Insertingtable,BulletsandNumbering,ChangingTextDirection,Cellalignment,Footnote,Hyperlink,Symbols,SpellC
heck,TrackChanges.

Procedure:
Formatting Styles:
If you’ve already got some text formatted just the way you want it (going back to the previous example, a block
quotation that’s already nicely indented with all the right paragraph settings), you can use it to create a new Style.
The easiest way is to select the text you want the Style to emulate, right-click and select Styles, then
select Create a Style:

Tableofcontents:

Tableofcontentsdisplaysalistofheadingsinacreateddocument.Itbasicallyprovidesanoutlineoftheentiredocumentcreat
ed.
Tables
When a table is selected you will see additional contextual tabs Tables > Table Tools Design

Bulleted and Numbered Lists

Bullets and numbers are used to make a list more presentable and readable. A bulleted list attracts more than a
simple list. Word offers you various styles of bullets and numbers. The steps to create bulleted lists are given
below;

o Select the text you want to convert to bulleted or numbered list

o Select the Home tab
o In Paragraph group click the Bullets or Numbering command
o It displays Bullets or Numbering menu
o With a left click select the desired Bullet or Numbering style
o To increase the list place the cursor at the end of list and press Enter key

42
See the image:

Newspapercolumns:

Onecancreateanewspapercolumnsdocumentbyspecifyingthenumberofnewletter-
stylecolumnrequiredandthenadjusttheirwidth, andaddverticallinesbetweencolumns.

Imagesfromfilesandclipart:

Insertingapicture(graphic)fromafileandclipartmayberequiredforadocument.Thispicturecouldbe
ascannedphotographoranyotherdigitallyproduced one.Thispicturecanbemodified, resized,
croppedandenhanced.

DrawingtoolbarandWord Art:

Onecancreatehis/herowndrawingsinMicrosoftword.MsWordprovidesafullfledgeddrawingtoolbar.W

ordArtinMicrosoftwordenables you tocreatespecialand decorativetext.

43
FormattingImages,TextboxesandParagraphs:

Formattinganimageincludesselectingappropriatecolor,size,layoutandcropping.

Generally the text in a document follows a standard orientation (line after line). A text box
provides adifferent orientation to the text with in a document. It can arrange the text in anywhere and can be
resized and moreovermovedtoanysectionofthedocumentoreven outside.

Whenyouareformattingaparagraph,youdonotneedtohighlighttheentireparagraph.Placingthecursora
nywhere in the paragraph enables you to format it. After you set a paragraph format, subsequent paragraphs will
have thesameformatunlessyou changetheformat.

MailMerge:

It helps us to produce from letters mailing labels envelopes catalogs and others types of merged
document. It is sofound in the tools option on the menu bar. In tools we have letters and mailing. In letters and
mailing we have mail mergemail merge tool box envelopes tables and letters wizard. In mail merge select the
required document you are working
on.Awindowforcustomizingthedatabasestructureappears.Thisfilecontainsthenames,addressdetailswithcontactnu
mbersetcofpeopleyouwishtosendtheletters.

44
 1. Openadocumentandtypethecompletebodyoftheletterandformatitasrequired.
2. Createadatasourceandchoosemailmergefromtoolbarawindow isdisplayed.
3. Clickoncreatebuttonandchoosefromletteroptions.Thenawindowisdisplayed.

4. Clickactive windowchoosecurrentlyactivedocument.Clickondataandcreatedatasourceoption.

5. Awindowforcustomizingthe database structureappearsandthisfilecontainsthe

namesaddressdetailswithcontactnumberetc.wecanaddorremovefieldsfromthisfile.

6. Oncethe listoffieldsisfinalizedawindow ofsame isdisplayedand typesthe

requiredfilenamesandclickonsavebutton.

7. Awindowisdisplayed.Typethedetailsof10candidates.Aftertypingdetailsofoneperson,clickonaddmenu.

8. Clickonthe o.k.tofinishenteringtherecordsmailmergetoolbar isdisplayed.

9. Placethecurserattheplacewhereyouwishtoinsertnamesandclickoninsertmailmergebutton.Adroplistisdis
playedallfieldscreatedwouldbeshown.

10. Byhighlightingtodesiredfileandclickonitwecaninsertthefieldintothemaindocumentandgotobeginthema
ilmergeclick on mailmerge.

11. Awindowisdisplayedclickonceonthemergebuttontogeneratelettersforallrecordsinyourdatasourcefile.

Result:CreatingaMailMergeusingMSWordiscompleted

Task-4:
45
 CreatingaNewsletter:Featurestobecovered:-
TableofContent,Newspapercolumns,Imagesfromfilesandclipart,DrawingtoolbarandWordArt,FormattingI
mages,Textboxes,Paragraphs and mail merge inword.

PROCEDURE:

Tableofcontents:

1. Clickwhereyouwanttoinsertthetableofcontents.
2. OntheInsertmenu,pointtoReference,andclickIndexandTables.
3. ClicktheTableofContentstab.
4. Touseoneoftheavailabledesigns,clickadesignintheFormatsbox.
5. Selectanyother tableofcontentsoptionsyou want.

Newspapercolumns:

1. Selecttheentireorpartofdocumenttobeconvertedintoanewsletter-style

2. Clickonformatmenu,selectcolumns

3. Anydesirednumberofcolumnsarepresets-oneor twoorthreeorleftorrightb\canbeselected.

4. Widthandspacingcanbefixedandequalcolumnswidth canbecheckedforuniformity

5. Ifnewspapercolumnsaretobeseparatedbya line,thenchecklinebetween

6. Under applytowillbewholedocumentif entiredocumentisselectedelsewehavetoselectaselectedtext.

7. Clickok.

Insertingimagesfromfilesandclipart:

1. Clickwhereyouwanttoinsertthepicture.
2. OntheInsertmenu,pointtoPicture,andthenclickFromFile.
3. Locatethepictureyouwanttoinsert.
4. Double-clickthepicture youwanttoinsert.

CLIPART:

1. OntheInsertmenu,pointtoPicture,andthenclickClipArt.
2. IntheClipArttaskpane,inthe Search forbox,typeawordorphrase thatdescribesthe
clipyouwantortypeinallorsomeof thefilenameoftheclip.
3. Tonarrow yoursearch,doone orbothofthefollowing:
 Tolimitsearchresultstoaspecificcollectionofclips,intheSearchinbox,clickthearrowandselect
thecollectionsyou wanttosearch.
 Tolimitsearchresultstoaspecifictypeofmediafile,intheResultsshouldbebox,clickthearrowan
dselectthecheckboxnexttothetypesofclipsyouwanttofind.
4. ClickGo.

5. If you don't know the exact file name, you can substitute wildcard characters for one or more
realcharacters.Usetheasterisk(*)
asasubstituteforzeroormorecharactersinafilename.Usethequestionmark(?) asasubstitutefor
46
 asinglecharacterinafilename.

6. IntheResultsbox,clickthecliptoinsertit.

DrawingToolbar andWordArt:

1. Clickinyourdocumentwhereyouwanttocreatethedrawing.
2. OntheInsertmenu,pointtoPicture,andthenclickNewDrawing.

Adrawingcanvasisinsertedintoyourdocument.

3. UsetheDrawingtoolbartoaddanyshapesor picturesthatyouwant.
WORDART:

1. OntheDrawingtoolbar,clickInsertWordArt .

2. ClicktheWordArteffectyouwant, andthenclick OK.

3. IntheEditWordArtTextdialogbox,typethetextyouwant.

4. Doanyof thefollowing:

 Tochangethefonttype,intheFontlist,selectafont.
 Tochangethefontsize,inthe Sizelist,selectasize.
 Tomaketextbold,clickthe Boldbutton.
 Tomaketextitalic,clicktheItalicbutton.

FormattingImages:

1. Formatting of the images can be achieved by selecting the image and double click on the picture,
format picturedialogbox appears.

2. Thesamecanbeachievedbyselectingthetoolsmenu> customize>toolbarstab>pictureandclickclose.

Basicformattingfeaturesofanimage

Resizeadrawing

1. Select thedrawingcanvas
2. OntheDrawingCanvastoolbar,dooneofthefollowing:
o Tomakethedrawingcanvasboundarylargerwithoutchangingthesizeoftheobjectsonthe

canvas,clickExpand .
o Tomakethedrawingcanvas boundaryfittightlyaroundthedrawingobjects orpictures,clickFit

.
o Toscalethedrawingandmaketheobjectsandcanvasproportionatelysmallerorlarger,clickScaleDrawi
ng,andthendrag theedgesofthecanvas.

Resizeapictureorshape

47
 1. Positionthemousepointeroveroneofthesizinghandles
2. Dragthesizinghandleuntiltheobjectistheshapeandsizeyouwant.

Toincreaseordecreasethesizeinoneormoredirections,dragthemouseawayfromortowardthecenter,whiledoing
oneofthefollowing:

o Tokeepthecenterofanobjectinthesameplace,holddownCTRLwhile draggingthe mouse.

o Tomaintaintheobject'sproportions,dragoneofthecorner sizinghandles.
o Tomaintaintheproportionswhilekeepingthecenterinthesameplace,holddownCTRLwhiledraggingo
neofthecornersizinghandles.

Cropapicture

1. Selectthepictureyou wanttocrop.

2. OnthePicturetoolbar,clickCrop .
3. Positionthecroppingtooloveracroppinghandleandthendooneofthefollowing:
oTocroponeside,dragthecenterhandleonthatsideinward.
oTocrop equallyontwo sidesat once,holddown CTRL asyoudrag the centerhandle on
eithersideinward.
o Tocropequallyonallfoursidesatonce, holddownCTRLasyoudragacornerhandleinward.
4. OnthePicturetoolbar,clickCroptoturnoff theCropcommand.

TextBox:

1. OntheDrawingtoolbar, clickTextBox .
2. Clickor draginyourdocumentwhereyouwanttoinsertthetextbox
3. YoucanusetheoptionsontheDrawingtoolbartoenhanceatextbox—forexample,tochangethefillcolor—
justasyoucanwithanyotherdrawing object
Paragraphs:

Changelinespacing
Select thetextyouwanttochange.
1. OntheFormattingtoolbar,pointtoLineSpacing, andthendooneofthefollowing:
o Toapplyanewsetting,clickthearrow,andthenselectthenumberthatyouwant.
o Toapplythe mostrecentlyusedsetting,clickthebutton.
o To set more precise measurements, click the arrow, click More, and then select the options
youwantunderLineSpacing.

Changespacingbeforeorafterparagraphs

1. Selecttheparagraphsinwhichyouwanttochangespacing.
2. OntheFormatmenu, clickParagraph,andthenclicktheIndents andSpacingtab.
3. UnderSpacing,enterthespacingyouwantintheBeforeorAfterbox.

Changeparagraphdirection

1. Placetheinsertionpointintheparagraphthatyouwanttochange,or selectseveralparagraphs.
2. Dooneof thefollowing:
o Tohavetextbeginfromtheleft,clickLeft-to-RightontheFormattingtoolbar.
o Tohavetextbeginfromtheright,clickRight-to-LeftontheFormattingtoolbar.

When you change the paragraph direction, Microsoft Word leaves justified and centered text as it is. In the
caseof left-aligned or right-aligned text, Word flips the alignment to its opposite. For example, if you have a
48
left-to-rightparagraphthatisrightaligned,suchasthedateatthetopofaletter,clickingRight-to-Leftresultsinaright-to-
leftparagraph thatisleftaligned.

MICROSOFTEXCEL
Task-1:

Microsoft Excel is one of the most widely used Spreadsheet applications for
performingfinancial,statisticaland computationalanalysisforthepurposeofbusinessand administration.
Procedure:
Thetoolissoflexibleenoughtogetintegratedwithotherapplicationsforprovidingthebestoutput.Forinstance,itcan
beintegratedto web servers and the students marks, percentile etc. calculated can be generated onto the web.
Similarly it can be integrated withthe other Office Applications for providing Charts, Statistics etc. It can also
be used as a backend database for any applicationsinvolvinghigh-endcalculationofthedatathatisstored.

TitleBar:
Thisliesinthemiddleandatthetopofthewindow.Titlebarshowstheprogramandthesheettitles.
Help
TheHelpIconcanbeusedtogetexcelrelatedhelpanytimeyoulike.Thisprovidesnicetutorialonvarious
subjectsrelated to excel.
ZoomControl
Zoomcontrolletsyouzoominforacloserlookatyourtext.Thezoomcontrolconsistsofasliderthatyoucan slide left
or right to zoom in or out. The + buttons can be clicked to increase or decrease the zoomfactor.
ViewButtons
Thegroupofthreebuttons locatedtotheleftoftheZoomcontrol,nearthebottomofthescreen,lets you

49
 switchamongexcel'svarioussheetviews.
NormalLayoutview−This displaysthepageinnormalview.
PageLayoutview−Thisdisplayspagesexactlyastheywill
appearwhenprinted.Thisgives afullscreen look ofthedocument.
 PageBreak view−This shows apreview ofwherepages willbreakwhenprinted.

SheetArea
The area where you enter data. The flashing vertical bar is called the insertion point and it represents
thelocationwheretextwillappear when youtype.
RowBar
Rowsarenumberedfrom1onwards andkeeps onincreasingas
youkeepenteringdata.Maximumlimitis1,048,576 rows.
Column Bar
ColumnsarenumberedfromAonwardsandkeepsonincreasingasyoukeepenteringdata.AfterZ,itwillstarttheser
iesofAA, AB and soon. Maximumlimitis16,384 columns.
StatusBar
Thisdisplays
thecurrentstatusoftheactivecellintheworksheet.Acellcanbeineitherofthefoursstates(a)Readymodewhi
chindicatesthattheworksheetisreadytoacceptuserinpu(b)Editmode
indicatesthatcelliseditingmode,ifitisnotactivatedtheyoucanactivateeditingmodebydoubleclickingonacell(c)
A cellentersintoEntermodewhen auser typesdataintoacell(d)Pointmode
triggerswhenaformulaisbeingenteredusingacellreferencebymousepointingorthearrow keysonthekeyboard.
DialogBoxLauncher
Thisappearsasaverysmallarrowinthelower-
rightcornerofmanygroupsontheRibbon.Clickingthisbuttonopensadialogbox or
taskpanethatprovidesmoreoptionsaboutthegroup.

50
 Task-2:

CreatingaScheduler:-Featurestobecovered:-Gridlines,FormatCells,Summation,autofill,

THEORY:

Microsoft Excel is a proprietary commercial spreadsheet application written and distributed by Microsoft for
MicrosoftWindows. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language
called Visual Basic forApplications.

ToolBars:

Gridlines:

51
 1. Clicktheworksheet.
2. Onthefile menu,clickpageLayoutandthegotosheetoptions.
3. Clickgridlines.

FormatCell:

1. Changethefontandfontsize.
2. Changethetextcolor.
3. Makeselectedtextornumbersbold,italicoru
nderlined.
4. Createanewstyle.
Autofit:

1. Combinecellshorizontallyorverticallytomakeonelargecell.
2. Addborderstocells.
3. Shadecellswithcolors.
4. Changethecolumnwidthandrowheight
5. Changethefont,fontsizeor colorsoftext.
6. Aligntextverticallyatthetop,centerandbottomofcell.
Formattingthetext:

1. Selectthetextyouwanttoformat.
2. Ontheformat menuclickcellsandthenclicknumber tab.
3. Inthecatalogboxclicktext.
4. Enterthenumbersintheformattedcells.
5. Clickok.
6. Thenpressenterandreenterthedata.

52
TASK -3:

Calculating GPA-Features to be covered-Cell Referencing, Formulae in excel – average, std. deviation,

Charts,RenamingandInsertingworksheets,Hyperlinking,CountFunction,HLOOKUP/VLOOKUP,sorting,
&Conditionalformatting

i). AIM :Tomaintainacontrolchartforprintingbookswithgivendata.

HardwareRequirements:PersonalComputer

SoftwareRequirements: OperatingSystem,MSOfficePackage(MS-ExcelApplication)

THEORY:

FormulaeinExcel:

GotoFormulaeMenuandclickonInsertFunction

HyperLinking:

1. Createaworksheet:Onthefilemenu,click new, andthenclickblankworkbooktaskpane.

2. Insertaworksheet:Clickworksheetontheinsertmenu.Rightclickonsheettabandthenclickinsertdoubleclick
thetemplateforthetypeofsheetyou want.

3. Hyperlink:Usinghyperlinkwecaninsertonemoresheetinthepresentsheet

4. Countfunction:Createablankworksheetpresscontrol+c.IntheworksheetselectcellA
andpresscontrol+c.Onthetoolsmenupointtoformulaauditingandthenclickformulaauditing menu.

Worksheet:

1. Inthefilemenugotomenuthenanewworksheetiscreated.

53
 2Toaddasingleworksheet,clickworksheetontheInsertmenu.Toaddmultipleworksheetsholddownshiftandt
henclickthenumberofworksheettaskstoaddinaopen workbook

Sort:

1. Clickacellinthelistyouwanttosort.
2. OntheDatamenuclicksort.
3. Underfirstkeysortclickthecustomsortorderyou
wantandthenclickok.
4. Clickanyothersortingoptionyouwant.
PROCEDURE:

FormulaeinExcel:

Mean = (s1 + s2 + s3 + s4 +

s5)/5;Samplemean= avg(mean)

Standarddeviation=(mean,sample,mean)

Samplestandarddeviation=avg(Standarddeviation)

Lower count limit = sample mean – sample standard

deviation.Upper count limit = Sample mean + Sample

Standard deviationConditionalFormatting:

1. Selectthecellsforwhichyouwanttoadd,change, or removeconditionalformatting
2. OntheHomemenu,clickConditionalFormatting.

Result:CreatingaMS-ExcelSheetiscompletedbycalculatingvariousformulasforthedatabase.

54
 MICROSOFTPOWERPOINT
Task -1:
PowerPoint is a high-powered software toolused for presenting information ina dynamic slide show
format. Text, charts,graphs, sound effects and video are just some of the elements PowerPoint can incorporate
into your presentations with ease.Whether it's a classroom lesson, a parents' group meeting, a teachers' seminar -
PowerPoint shows you how to make a powerfulimpressiononyouraudience

Createthepresentationusingthefollowingtools:

1. Formatting:Color,fonttype,fontsize, font styleetc.

2. HeaderandFooter
3. BulletsandNumbering

4. DrawingToolbar:Autoshapes,Textboxes,etc

5. DesignTemplate

6. Introductiontocustomanimation.

Createapresentationtoconductacreativitysessionusingthefollowingtools:

1. Slidetransition

2. Masterslideview

3. Insertpicture–clipart,image
4. Actionbutton

5. Drawingtool bar–lines,arrows

6. Hyperlink

7. Customanimation
8. Hideslide

9. Washout

55
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
 BusinessPresentation
Createapresentationtobuildrelationships, thinkcreativelyandmarketyourproductusingthefollowingtools:

1. SlideLayout

2. fillcolor

3. Insertingobject,picture(effects),graph,wordart

4. comments
5. Security–password

6. TablesandBorders

7. Rehearsetimings

8. RecordingNarrations
9. Audioandvideofiles

10. Insertingfiles,mergingfiles,creatingcustomshow

Createawebsitefor yourcollege.Thewebsiteshouldhave thefollowingpages

1. Homepagewhichdescribesthecollegewebsite

2. AboutUspagewhichtellsaboutthecollegevision,when itwasestablished...etc

3. Departmentspagewhichdescribesthedepartmentsinthecollege

4. Separatepagesforthedepartmentsofyourcollege

5. Contactpagewhichcontainsaddressandcontactinformationabout thecollege

Guidelinesforthewebsitearegivenbelow:

Homepage

56
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
 57
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
TASK-2:

Students will be work on basic powerpoint utilities and tools,Formatting Styles,Inserting

table,BulletsandNumbering,ChangingTextDirection,Cellalignment,Footnote,Hyperlink,Symbols,SpellCheck
andTrackChanges.
Procedure:

Table:Atableconsists ofrows andcolumns.

CellAlignment:

Alignsacontentswrittenina tableinthetopleftcornerortoprightcorner orinthecenteretc..

58
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
FootNote:

Footnotesareusedtocomments on,or providereferencesfortextinadocument.

Hyperlink:Itisacoloredandunderlinedtextoragraphicthatyouclicktogotoafile,alocationinafile,an
HTMLpageontheWorldWideWeb,oranHTMLpageinanintranet.

Symbols:Youmaynotbeabletoenter certainsymbolsintoyourworddocument,astheresia
limitationonthekeysonthekeyboard.Creatingthesenewsymbolsespeciallywhenworkingwithmathematicaltermsit
becomesverydifficult
.Forexamplewecaninsertsymbolssuchas , , ,..

Spellcheck: Itautomaticallychecksfor spellingandgrammaticalerrors

BulletsandNumbering: In
Microsoftwordwecaneasilycreatebulletedor numberedlistofitems.

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ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
FormattingStyles:
Astyleisasetofrulestobefollowedfor theeffectivedocument.Stylecanbeappliedtotext,paragraph,table oralist.

Table:

1. Clickwhereyouwanttocreateatable.
2. OntheInsertmenu,ClickonTable.
3. UnderTablesize,selectthenumberofcolumnsandrows.
4. UnderAutoFitbehavior,chooseoptionstoadjusttablesize.
5. Touseabuilt-intableformat,clickAutoFormat.

Selecttheoptionsyouwant

CellAlignment:

1. Clickthecellthatcontainstextyouwanttoalign.
2. OntheTablesandBorderstoolbar,selecttheoptionforthehorizontalandverticalalignmentyouwant—
forexample,AlignBottomCenterorAlignTopRight.

FootNote:

1. InReferencesMenu, clickwhereyouwanttoinsertthe notereferencemarkandthenclickFootnote.

2. ClickFootnotesorEndnotes.
3. IntheNumberformatbox,clicktheformatyouwant.
4. ClickInsert.
Wordinsertsthenotenumberandplacestheinsertionpointnexttothenotenumber.

5. Typethenotetext.
6. Scrolltoyourplaceinthedocumentandcontinuetyping.

Asyouinsert additionalfootnotesorendnotesinthe
document,Wordautomaticallyappliesthecorrectnumberformat.

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ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
Hyperlink:

Selectthetextorpictureyouwanttodisplayasthehyperlink,andthenclickInsertHyperlinkontheStandardtoolbar.
Dooneofthefollowing:
Linktoanexistingfileorwebpage:

1. UnderLinkto,clickExistingFileorWebPage.
2. IntheAddressbox, typetheaddressyou wanttolinktoor, intheLookinbox,clickthedownarrow,
andnavigatetoandselectthefile

2. Linktoafileyouhaven’tcreatedyet

UnderLinkto,clickCreateNew Document.

3. IntheNameof newdocumentbox,typethenameofthenewfile.
4. UnderWhentoedit,clickeitherEditthenewdocumentlaterorEditthenewdocumentnow

Ane-mailaddress:

1. Selectthetextorpictureyouwanttodisplayasthehyperlink,andthenclickInsertHyperlinkontheStandardto
olbar
2. UnderLinkto,clickE-mailAddress.
3. Eithertypethee-mailaddressyou wantintheE-mailaddressbox,orselectane-mailaddressintherecentlyusede-
mailaddressesbox.
4. In the Subject box, type the subject of the e-mail

messageAspecificlocationinanotherdocument

1. InsertabookmarkinthedestinationfileorWebpage.
2. Openthefilethatyouwanttolinkfrom,andselectthetextorobjectyouwanttodisplayasthehyperlink.

3. OntheStandardtoolbar,clickInsertHyperlink .
4. UnderLinkto,clickExistingFileor Web Page.
5. IntheLookinbox,clickthedownarrow,andnavigatetoandselectthefilethatyouwanttolinkto.
6. ClickBookmark,selectthebookmarkyouwant,andthenclickOK.

Symbol:
1. Clickwhereyouwanttoinsertthesymbol.
2. OntheInsertmenu,clickSymbol,andthenclicktheSymbolstab.
3. IntheFontbox,clickthefontthatyouwant.
4. Double-clickthesymbolthatyouwanttoinsert.
5. ClickClose
Spellcheck:

1. OntheReviewMenu,clickSpellingandGrammar
2. WhenWordfindsa possiblespellingor grammaticalproblem,makeyour
changesintheSpellingandGrammardialogbox.

BulletsandNumbering:
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ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
 1. Type1.tostartanumberedlistor*(asterisk)tostartabulletedlist,andthenpressSPACEBARorTAB.
2. Typeanytextyouwant.
3. PressENTERtoaddthenextlistitem.
Wordautomaticallyinserts thenextnumber orbullet.

4. Tofinishthelist,pressENTERtwice,orpressBACKSPACEtodeletethelastbulletornumberinthelist

FormattingStyles:

1. Selectthewords,paragraph,list,ortableyouwanttochange.
2. IftheStylesandFormattingtaskpaneisnotopen,clickStylesandFormattingontheFormattingtoolbar
3. ClickthestyleyouwantintheStylesandFormattingtaskpane.

Ifthestyleyouwantisnotlisted,clickAllStylesintheShow box

TrackChanges:

1. Openthedocumentyouwanttorevise.
2. OntheToolsmenu,clickTrackChanges

Result:CreatingadocumentusingMSWordcompletedsuccessfullybyinsertingFormattingstyles,Bulletsandnumbe
ring,andtables.

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TASK-2
Interactivepresentations,pptOrientation,SlideLayouts,InsertingText,WordArt,FormattingText,Bulletsand
Numbering, AutoShapes,LinesandArrows inPowerPoint.

Procedure:TomaintainaPowerPointpresentation withsomespecifications
CREATEANEWPRESENTATION:
MSOfficeButton >>New--NewPresentationwindowopens up
 TheMSOfficeButton
islocatedinthetopleftcorneroftheWord2007WindowTostartanewfilefromscratch:
 Choose“BlankDocument”andpress“Create”.
Therearetemplatesavailableontheleftpanelforcreatingapresentationofaspecifictype(ie.photoalbumorcalendar).
ADDANEWSLIDE:
HomeTab >>Slides>>NewSlide
 ClickonNewSlidebutton.Itaddsanewslideinthedefaultlayout"TitleandCo
ntent.”
 ClickonthearrowatthebottomcorneroftheNewSlidebutton.Youcanselect
theslidelayoutfromtheDefaultDesignpallet.
 ClickLayoutbutton.Youcanselectandchangetheslidelayout
 ClickDeletebuttontodeletethecurrentslides.

FORMATTINGSLIDEDESIGN:

1. ChangetheBackground:
Design Tabs>>Background>>BackgroundStyles
 ClickontheFormatBackgroundbuttonatthebottom.
 FormatBackgroundwindowappears.
 Youcansetthecolor,solidorgradient,transparencyorchoosepicture/texturefill
 ClickonClosebuttontoapplychanges onlytothecurrentslide
 ClickonApplytoAlltoapplychanges toalltheslide
2. ChangetheTheme:
Design Tabs>>Themes
 Movethecursoroverthethemebuttonstopreviewdifferentthemesonyourcurrentslide.
 Clickonanythemebuttontochoosethetheme,whichwillbeappliedtoalltheslidesinyourpresentatio
n.
 Colors--Changes thecolorschemeofthecurrenttheme
 Fonts--Changesthefontofthecurrenttheme
 Effects --Changes theeffectsofthecurrenttheme

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INSERTTEXT:

HomeTab>>Drawing>>TextBox
InPowerPointalltextiscontainedinTextBoxes.
ClickonTextBoxbutton>>Clickanywhereintheslide.
Dragcirclecornerpointsorsquaresidepointsofthetextboxtochangeitssize.
Clickwithintheboxtotypetext
FORMATTINGTEXT:

Selectthetextbox.TheDrawingToolsTab appears.

ClickontheFormattab.Formattheselected textboxinShapeStyles:
o ShapeFill--Changes thefillcolor
o ShapeOutline--Changesthecolor,width,linestyleofoutline
o ShapeEffects --Appliesvisualeffects (shadow,bevel,etc.)tothetextbox
BULLETS ANDNUMBERINGS:

1. Selectthelinesoftextthatyouwanttoaddbulletsornumberingto.
2. Clickbulletsornumbering.
ADD SHAPES:

InsertTab>>Illustration>>Shapes
ClickontheShapebuttontoseethelistofavailableshapes.Select
theshape.
Clickonanywhereintheslidetoinserttheselectedshape.
SLIDETRANSITIION:

Slidetransitionsareanimationeffectsthatappearbetweenslides.Whiletheylookfancy,thesetransitionscanbedistracting
ifoverused.Itis oftengoodtokeepthiskindofanimationtoaminimum.
Animation Tabs>>Animations>>TransitiontoThisSlide
Movethecursoroverthetransitionbuttons topreview theeffects.
 ClickontheTransitioneffect buttontoapplytheslidetransitioneffect.
 ClickonTransitionSoundbuttontoapplysoundeffectfortransition.
 ClickonTransition Speed buttontoadjustthespeed.
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ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
  ClickonApplyto Alltoapplythesametransitioneffecttoalltheslides.
Result:CreatingMSPowerPointpresentationbyapplyinganimations,transitions,andbackgroundsiscompleted.

AIM:Hyperlinks,Inserting–Images,ClipArt,Audio,Video,Objects,TablesandCharts

TITLE:

Createapowerpointpresentationconsistingofhyperlinks,insertingimages,clipart,audio,videoobjectsof
4 slideswiththefollowinginformation.

Slide 1:- Name of your college in bold

letters.Slide2:-

Addressofyourcollegeinboldletters.Slide3:-

List of allavailablecourses.

Slide4:-Extraco-curricularactivities.

Andapplythetransactioneffectsandsetthetimethree secondsforeachslideandviewitinslideshow.

AIM:TomaintainaPowerPointpresentationusingsomespecifications
HYPERLINK:

1. Selectthetextor objectthatyouwanttorepresentthehyperlink.
2. Under insertmenuclickonHyperlink.
3. Underlinkto,clickplaceinthisdocument.

INSERTIMAGES:

1) AddingImagesfromFile
InsertTab>>Illustrations>>Picture
 Findthepicturefileyouwanttoinsertinthebrowserwindow.
2) Addingimages fromClipArt
InsertTab>>Illustrations>>ClipArt
 SearchforClipArt andothermediaintheright-handsearchpanel.

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ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
  Checkin"Everywhere"boxunder"Searchin"formoreextensiveresults

CLIPART:

Ontheinsertmenu,pointtostructureandthenclickclipart.

1. In the clipart task pane, in the search for box, type a word or phrase
thatdescribes the clip, you want to type in all or some of the file
menus of theclip.
2. Intheresultsbox,clickthecliptoinsertit.
AUDIOVIDEOOBJECTS:

1. Ontheinsertmenu,gotoMediaClipsoptionandselectMovieforVideoObjectsandSoundforAudioObjects.
2. Youcanselectamoviefromafileandyou canrecordsoundorselectasoundoraudiofromafile.

TABLE:

1. OntheInsertmenu,clickTable.
2. SelectthesizeoftheTableoryoucandrawtheTable.
CHART:

1. Clicktheslide whereyouwanttoplacetheembeddedobject.
2. Ontheinsertmenu,clickchart.
3. Clickacellonthe
datasheetandthentypetheinformationyouwant.Toreturntotheslide,clickoutsi
dethechart.

Result:CreatingMSPowerPointpresentationbyapplyinghyperlinks,imagesiscompleted.

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ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
TASK3:

Master Layouts (slide, template, and notes), Types of views (basic, presentation, slide slotted, notes etc),
Inserting –Background,textures,DesignTemplates,Hiddenslides.

TITLE:

CreateapowerPointpresentationonbusinessbyusingmasterlayoutsandseethepresentationindifferent
views.

AIM:Tomaintaina powerpointpresentationwithsomespecifications

SLIDEMASTER LAYOUTS:-

ViewTab>>PresentationViews >>SlideMaster
 SlideMasterTabappearsontheleft-handsideofHomeTab
EdittheSlideMaster:
ClickonSlideMasterTabprovides asetofSlideMasterformattinggroups:
 EditMaster
 MasterLayout
 EditTheme
 Background
 PageSetup
 Close--ClickonClosebuttontogobacktoNormalView.
SLIDESHOW:

1. Ontheslidestabinthenormalview,selecttheslidesyouwanttosetthethingsfor.
2. OntheAnimationsmenu,clicksidetransition.
3. Underadvanceslide,selecttheautomaticallyaftercheckbox,andthennumberofsecondsyouwanttheslid 67
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
etoappearonthescreen.
 4. AndthenclickonSlideShow optionfromview menu orpressF5Keyfromkeyboard.
PROCEDURE:

Firstclickonstartbutton.Thenclickprograms,andthenpowerpointpresentation.Thenselectfilemenuandclic
kon new. Then you get a new blank presentation. Then in the first slide, enter the title as business and give
product name assubtitle.Theninsertthesecondslide.Thenenterthetitle
asabouttheproductandgivedescriptionassubtitle.Theninsertthe third slide and enter the title as sales about
product and enter something about it sales. In this way, complete the threeslides. Then click on view and then
master and then enter date in the space provided for footer. Then you find these two
inallslidesandthenagaingotoviewandclick onslideshow.

Result:CreatingMasterLayoutsusingMSPowerPointiscompleted.

INTERNET&WORLDWIDEWEB

Task1:

Orientation & Connectivity Boot Camp: Students should get connected to their Local Area Network and
access
theInternet.IntheprocesstheyconfiguretheTCP/IPsetting.Finallystudentsshoulddemonstrate,totheinstructor,ho
wtoaccess the websites and email. If there is no internet connectivity preparations need to be made by the
instructors tosimulatetheWWWontheLAN

AIM: To learn Local Area Network and access the Internet. In the process they configure the TCP/IP
setting. Finallystudentsshoulddemonstrate,totheinstructor,howtoaccessthewebsites andemail

HardwareRequirements:PersonalComputer,LANCard,LANcables

SoftwareRequirements: OperatingSystem

THEORY:

Theinternetisaworldwide,publiclynetworkofinterconnectedcomputer networks

LOCALAREANETWORK:

LANsareprivatelyownednetworkswithinasinglebuildingorcampusofuptofewkilometersinsize.
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METROPOLITONAREANETWORK
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL

MANsaregroupofnetworkswhicharelocatedindifferentmetropolitancities,withinacitycoveringdifferentareas.
WIDEAREANETWORK:

AWANisanetworkthatconnectscomputersacrossalargegeographicareasuchasa cityor country.

ClassesofNetworks:

ClassType SubnetMask 1stOctetRange No.ofComputers

ClassA 255.0.0.0 0-124 256X256X256

ClassB 255.255.0.0 125-198 256X256

ClassC 255.255.255. 199-225 256

0
ClassD Reservedfornewresearches

TCP/IP(TransmissionControlProtocol/InternetProtocol):

Collectionofmethodsusedtoconnectserversontheinternetandtoexchangedata.

HTML(HyperTextMarkupLanguage):Thecodingusedtocontrolthelookofdocumentsontheweb
HTTP(HyperTextTransferProtocol):

Partof aURLthatidentifiesthelocationasonethatusesHTML

IP(InternetProtocol):

Aformatforcontentsandaddressesofpacketsofinformationsentovertheinternet

IPADDRESS:

Anidentifierfor acomputerordeviceonaTCP/IPnetwork

SEARCHENGINE:

AprogramthatsearchesdocumentslocatedontheInternetforkeywordsorphrasesenteredbyapersonbrowsing
thenet.

InternetConnectionrequirements:

 TCP/IPprotocol
 ClientSoftware
 ISPAccount
Meansofcommunicationto thenet

Procedure: 69
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
 telephoneM  ISDN(IntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork)
odem
 DSL(DigitalSubscriberLine)
 Ethernet
 Satellite.
OpenNetworkConnections.

Click theconnection you want to configure, and then, underNetworkTasks, click Change settings
ofthisconnection.

Dooneof thefollowing:

Iftheconnectionisalocalareaconnection,ontheGeneraltab,underThisconnectionusesthefollowingitems,clickInte
rnetProtocol (TCP/IP), andthenclick Properties.

Ifthisisadial-
up,VPN,orincomingconnection,clicktheNetworkingtab.InThisconnectionusesthefollowingitems,click
InternetProtocol (TCP/IP), andthenclickProperties.

Dooneof thefollowing:

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ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
If you want IP settings to be assigned automatically, click Obtain an IP address automatically, and then

click OK.If you wanttospecifyanIPaddressoraDNSserveraddress,dothefollowing:

ClickUsethefollowingIPaddress,andinIPaddress,typetheIPaddress.

ClickUsethefollowingDNSserveraddresses,andinPreferredDNSserverandAlternateDNSserver,type
theaddressesoftheprimaryandsecondaryDNSservers.

ToconfigureDNS,WINS,andIPSettings,clickAdvanced.T

omakeaLocalAreaConnection

If you have a network adapter installed, and have set up a home or small office network, you are connected
to a
localareanetwork(LAN).YouarealsoconnectedtoaLANifyourWindowsXPProfessionalcomputerispartofacorp
oratenetwork. When you start your computer, your network adapter is detected and the local area connection
automaticallystarts.Unlikeothertypesofconnections,thelocalareaconnectioniscreatedautomatically,andyoudo
nothavetoclickthelocalareaconnection in ordertostartit.

Result:LANConnectivityTaskiscompleted.

Task2:

WebBrowsers,SurfingtheWeb:Studentscustomizetheirwebbrowserswiththe
LANproxysettings,bookmarks,searchtoolbarsandpopupblockers.Also,plug-inslike MacromediaFlashandJREfor
appletsshouldbeconfigured

PURPOSE:Tolearntosurftheweb

HardwareRequirements:PersonalComputer

SoftwareRequirements: OperatingSystem,WebBrowser,Plug-ins

THEORY:

 Webbrowser providesthemeanstothesearchingandalsohelpstodownloadthe webcontent.

 WebbrowserssupportmostofthefamousInternetProtocolslikeHTTP,FTP.
 CommonfileformatsabrowseracceptsareHTML
 WellknownbrowsersnativelysupportavarietyofotherformatsinadditiontoHTMLsuchasJPEG,
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PNG,GIFimageformats
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
 Differentwebbrowsersavailableinthemarketare:
 SilverSmith
  Mosaic
 Netscape
 Mozilla
 Opera
 Lynx
 Safari
Bookmark:
Each web browser is built-in with the support of Internet Bookmarks which serve as a named anchor –
primarily toURLs. The primary purpose of this book mark is to easily catalog and access web pages that the
web browser user hasvisitedorplans tovisit,withouthavingtonavigatetheweb togetthere.

Pop-upBlockers:
Pop-ups are a form of online advertising on the WWW intended to attract the attention of the users. These
pop ups arehosted on the web sites which are frequently visited by the netizens. These pop ups are activated
when these web sitesopenanewweb browserwindowandtherebydisplayingtheadvertisements.
Plug-ins:
A plug-in is a software component program that interacts with a main application to provide a better
integration of themedia. The basic difference between application programs and plug-ins is that multimedia
files are launched in aseparatewindowwhereas inplug-insmultimediaplayinthebrowserwindow.

Fewfamousplug-insare:

 AppleQuickTime
 Macromediaflash
 MicrosoftMediaPlayer
 AdobeShockwave
 SunMicrosystemsJavaApplet
PROCEDURE:

LANProxySettings:

 selecttoolsmenu inInternetExplorer
 SelectInternetOptions
 SelectConnections
 Youendupintwooptions
Dial-upandvirtualnetworksettings
LANsetting
 Theselectionatthisstepisdependentonthekindof connectionyouaretryingtoconfigure. Theyare:
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
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
Dial-upmodemconnection
 LANconnection
  DSLorCable modem
Result:WebBrowsers,surfingtheWebtaskiscompleted.

Task3

Search Engines & Netiquette: Students should know what search engines are and how to use the search
engines.
AfewtopicswouldbegiventothestudentsforwhichtheyneedtosearchonGoogle.Thisshouldbedemonstratedtothei
nstructors

AIM: Toknowwhat searchenginesareandhowtousethesearchengines.

HardwareRequirements:PersonalComputer

SoftwareRequirements: OperatingSystem,WebBrowser

THEORY:

Searchengine:

Asearchenginecanbedefinedasawebsitewithtoolswhichhelpyoutofindinformationontheinternet

Functionofasearchengine:

SearchEnginecanthesearchanydatabasedonkeywords,searchesonwebandfindingthelocationsvariouswebsites
databaseswiththerelatedinformationand givesthedifferentlistofresultstotheWebBrowser.

Limitations:

Searchenginesvisitwebsitesonlyseveralweeks.Searchenginescannotseeinformationinotherdatabaseslater on.

On the internet a search engine is a coordinated set of programs that includes: A spider (crawler or bot) that
goes toevery page or representative pages on every web site that wants to be searchable and reads it, using
hypertext links oneachpagetodiscoverandreadsite’sotherpages.

Pros:

 Youcanselectthesearchterms
 Youcanusethesamesearchtermswithmultiplesearchengines
 Youcanchangesearchtermsas muchas youwish
 Youwillnormallyreceivenumerouslinks
 Itsfast 73
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
Cons
:
 T manydifferentsearchenginesitmaybedifficulttochoose
he
 Youwillnormallyreceivetoomanylinksoftenmakingitdifficulttoidentifythemostrelevantsites.
re
ar  Thevastmajorityoflinksmaybeonlymarginallyrelevantoraltogetherirrelevant
es
o
EX:AltaVista,AskJeeves,Google,Lycos,Yahoo,Bing,Etc...

MetaSearchEngines:
Meta search engines or “metacrawlers” don’t crawl the web themselves. Instead they search the resources of
multiplesearchengines bysendingasearchtoseveralsearchenginesatonceaggregatingtheresult.
Pros:

 Youonlyneedtouse onesearchtoolwhichistime-efficient
 Youonlyneedtolearnhowtouseonesearchenginereducinglearningcurve
 Youbenefitfromthedifferenceamongseveralsearchtoolsatonce
Cons:

 Metasearchservicesmaynotbeabletoleverageeachindividualsearchenginesfullrangeofquery tools
resulting in less refined searches.
 YoucannotpersonallyselectthesearchenginesqueriedbyMetasearchservices.
Ex: DogPile, Mamma, Vivisimo, Meta Search Engine,

etc.Result:IdentificationofSearchEngineprocessiscompld

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ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
Task4:

CyberHygiene:Studentswouldbeexposedtothevariousthreatsontheinternetandwouldbeaskedtoconfigure
theircomputertobesafeontheinternet.Theyneedtofirstinstallanantivirussoftware,configuretheirpersonalfir
ewallandwindows update on their computer. Then they need to customize their browsers to block pop
ups, block active xdownloadstoavoid viruses and/orworms

AIM:Tolearnvariousthreatsonthe internetandconfigurethecomputertobesafeontheinternet.

HardwareRequirements:PersonalComputer

SoftwareRequirements:OperatingSystem,AntivirusSoftware

THEORY:

Antivirus:

Antivirus software is a program that either comes installed on your computer or that you purchase and
install yourself.It protects your computer against most viruses, worms, Trojan horses and other unwanted
invaders that can make yourcomputersick.

Firewall:

A firewall is a special software or hardware designed to protect a private computer network from
unauthorized access.A firewall is a set of related programs located at a network gateway server which
protects the resources of the privatenetworkfromusersfromothernetworks.

TypesofInternetThreats

Viruses
NetworkWorms
Trojans
Spyware/Adware
Other Malware
OtherThreats
Viruses

Mainpurposeistospreadandinfectfiles
Attachtoafileandreplicatewhenfileisexecuted
Morethan100 000knownviruses existsintheworldtoday
75
ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
 Severalhundrednewvirusesarediscoveredeverymonth
NetworkWorms

Self-replicatingVirusesthatreside intheactive memoryof acomputer.

WormssendthemselvesouttotheInternetfrominfectedsystems.
Either includetinye-mailserverorsearchforunprotectedsharednetworkdrivestounload.
TrojanPrograms

Programs that installs themselves stealthily via Internet & provide access for

malicious useThreatsenabledby(/through)Trojans

Datastealing
DistributedspameMails
Spyware/Adware

Cookies –Trackyou online

BrowserHijackers–Changesdefaulthomepage
TrackingCookies–Gathersinfoof web usage
OtherThreats
 Phishing
 Confidentialinformationstealingbyfraudemails&websites(author falsified)
 SeveralmillionsofPhishingmessageshavebeensentworldwide
 Fastestgrowingthreattoday
PROCEDURE:

InstallingSymantecantivirusforWindows:

 InsertSymantecantivirusCDintoyourCDdrive
 DoubleclickontheSymantec-setup.exe
 Theinstallerwillopen
 Clicknexttoproceed
 Licenseagreementwillopen.ClickIacceptthetermsofthelicenseagreementandthenclicknext.
 Followtheinstructiononthescreentocompletetheinstallation.
BlockPopups:

 IntheIEopentools>pop-upblocker
 ClickonTurnonPop-

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ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
 upblockerWindowsFirewall:

 GotoStart>controlpanel>NetworkandInternetConnections>windowsfirewall
 InthegeneraltabchecktheOn(recommended)box
 Ifyoudon’twantany exceptionscheckonDon’tallowexceptionsbox
Result:Identificationofvariousthreats,attacks,wormsfromInternetandInstallationofAntivirusSoftwareiscom
pleted.

AI TOOLS- ChatGpt
What is a Chatbot
 A chatbot is a software application that can simulate human conversation. It can chat with a user in
different languages and without human intervention. This flexibility makes them usable across
 Types of chatbots:

Rule-based
o They receive an input and try to find the closest possible answer in their database.

AI
o Influence ML models to select the most appropriate response from a set of predefined
templates and training dataset. Because most AI chatbots are trained on a specific category of
datasets, they likely won’t answer questions that are not in their domain.

Virtual assistants
 These chatbots are like who can help you with specific tasks, like scheduling appointments or
setting reminders. They can be accessed through various interfaces, making them easy to use.

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ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
 Voice-activated chatbots

 These chatbots are like personal assistants who can be controlled through voice commands.
They're commonly found in smart speakers like Amazon Echo or Google Home and can
provide users with a range of services, like weather updates, news briefings, and personalized
recommendations.

Generative
o Generative chatbots, which include ChatGPT, use a much wider range of data to answer almost
any question in any category. This might make them less specialized in any one topic, but they
appeal to a larger audience.
 Differences between chatbot Vs ChatGPT

Chatbot ChatGPT
Chatbot is a software application designed to ChatGPT is an AI language model
imitate human conversation
Chatbots typically follow pre-programmed ChatGPT can generate responses based on its
scripts or decision trees. training data and past interactions
ML models to create responses based on the An advanced language model, built on the
specific data it’s trained with. Transformer that generates new responses based
on patterns it’s learnt from vast amounts of data.
They are moderately flexible, where they can Can generate responses to a vast array of
create different kinds of the same answer, but questions since they don’t rely on pre-defined
can’t expand beyond their training data. templates.
Trained on specialized datasets tailored to a Trained on more diverse datasets than AI
particular application or domain. chatbots, which allows it to have knowledge on a
wide range of topics and generalize original data
For instance, if it’s trained on data about dogs, Offers more depth than an AI chatbot and can
it’d be able to answer dog-related questions. But connect various topics
if you asked it to name a different mammal
besides dogs, it would likely not answer because
the only type of mammal it knows is dogs.

ChatGPT
 Sam Altman is the founder and CEO of OpenAI, the company that created ChatGPT
ChatGPT was created by OpenAI, an AI research company.
 The founders of ChatGPT are Sam Altman, Greg Brockman, Elon Musk, Ilya Sutskever, Wojciech
Zaremba, and John Schulman, who co-founded the AI research company OpenAI in 2015
It started as a nonprofit company in 2015 but became for-profit in 2019. Its CEO is Sam Altman, who also co-
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ITWORKSHOPLABMANUAL
founded the company. OpenAI released ChatGPT as a free “research preview” in November 2022.
 ChatGPT is a type of chatbot that uses OpenAI’s generative models to create new responses based on
the data it’s been fed with, developed by (LLM).
The Large Language Model that powers ChatGPT makes use of an algorithm that's trained on huge
volumes of text-based data scraped from the internet and any other sources that it's “fed”. The
LLM algorithm can analyze the data and the context of words related to one another, creating text
based on a prompt.
 Small language model (SLM) is an artificial intelligence (AI) model that can understand and
generate human language. SLMs are trained on smaller datasets than Large Language models
(LLMs) and have fewer parameters, making them more efficient and lighter.
 ChatGPT is a powerful tool used for various applications, including chatbots, content generation,
and customer service. Its strength lies in generating human-like text based on the prompts it receives.
OpenAI developed ChatGPT, an AI Chabot that can assist with various tasks and engage in interactive
conversations:
 Developer: OpenAI is the developer of ChatGPT
 Release date: OpenAI released ChatGPT on November 30, 2022, and the stable release was on August
8, 2024
 Engine: OpenAI's GPT-4, GPT-4o, GPT-4o mini, and SearchGPT are the engines used in ChatGPT
 Platform: OpenAI's cloud computing platforms are used in ChatGPT

ChatGT is a transformer-based model that utilizes machine learning to produce text. It's trained on a diverse
range of internet text and other resources
What are Generative Pre-trained Transformers?
Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT) is a type of deep learning model used to generate human-like text.
Common uses include
 answering questions
 summarizing text
 translating text to other languages
 generating code
 generating blog posts, stories, conversations, and other content types.
GPT-1
In 2018, OpenAI published a paper about using natural language understanding using their GPT-1 language
model.About 117 million model parameters. GPT-1 was trained on 40GB of data available on the internet
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with an approximate count of 600 billion words.
GPT-2
The following year, OpenAI published another paper about their latest model, GPT-2. This time, the model
was made available to the machine learning community and found some adoption for text generation
tasks. With nearly 1.5 billion parameters, GPT-2 demonstrates a substantial increase in its capability for
language modeling.
GPT-3
In 2020, OpenAI published another paper about their GPT-3 model. The model had 100 times more
parameters than GPT-2 and was trained on an even larger text dataset. It underwent training on a substantially
larger text dataset and had a maximum of 175 billion parameters. The model continued to be improved with
various iterations known as the GPT-3.5 series, including the conversation-focused ChatGPT.
GPT-4
GPT-4 (1.8 trillion parameters across 120 layers, which is over 10 times larger than GPT3) has been
developed to improve model "alignment" - the ability to follow user intentions while also making it more
truthful and generating less offensive
GPT-4o ("o" for "omni") is a multilingual, developed by and released in May 2024

On July 18, 2024, OpenAI released a smaller and cheaper version, GPT-4o mini.

According to OpenAI, its low cost is expected to be particularly useful for companies, startups and developers
that seek to integrate it into their services

SearchGPT is a developed by and launched on July 26, 2024. It combines traditional search engine features
with (GPT) to generate responses, including citations to external websites. This search feature positions the
OpenAI as a direct competitor to major search engines- Google,Bing.

How ChatGPT works

ChatGPT generates text by predicting the next word in a sentence. It does this multiple times to create
complete sentences. For instance, given the input "The sun is...” it might predict the next word
as 'shining' or 'rising.'
What is a ChatGPT prompt?
A ChatGPT prompt is an input or query given to the model to generate a response. It serves as the guiding
question or instruction that shapes the content of the generated text. Effective prompts are clear, concise, and
provide sufficient context to elicit the desired response from ChatGPT.

Definition and core concepts

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Prompt Engineering is the art of crafting prompts that effectively instruct ChatGPT to generate the desired
output.

Prompt engineering is the practice of designing and refining prompts—questions or instructions—to elicit
specific responses from AI models. Think of it as the interface between human intent and machine output.

Principles of Effective Prompt Engineering

Effective prompt engineering is essential for getting the most accurate and relevant responses from AI models
like ChatGPT. By following a few key principles, you can enhance the quality and usefulness of the generated
content.
Here are the core principles to keep in mind:
Clarity
The prompt should clearly define what you want the model to do. Avoid ambiguity. For instance, instead
of "Tell me about dogs," use "Provide a detailed description of the characteristics, behavior, and care
required for domestic dogs."

Context
ChatGPT responds to the immediate context of the prompt. So, establishing a clear context is crucial. For
example, the prompt "Translate the following English text to French: 'Hello, how are you?'" provides clear
context and instructions.

Precision
Precise prompts yield precise responses. For example, if you want a list, specifically ask for it: "List the top 10
most populous countries in the world."

Role-play

ChatGPT responds well to role-play. You can set it in a role to guide its responses: "As a historian, explain
the significance of the American Civil War."

Example:

"As a data analyst, describe the process you would follow to analyze a dataset containing sales data for a
retail store.

Creative writing

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ChatGPT is a powerful language model that has the potential to revolutionize the way we think about creative
writing. With its advanced algorithms and deep understanding of language, ChatGPT is able to generate
highly coherent and compelling pieces of writing that are indistinguishable from those written by humans.

How to use ChatGPT for creative writing

Creative writing is a major aspect of content creation that includes the development of texts, both fictional and
not, that go beyond the standard structures and norms that define styles such as journalistic, academic, or
technical writing.

 One of the most common in creative writing is as a writing prompt generator. By inputting a seed text
or topic, ChatGPT can generate a wide variety of potential story or poem ideas, which can serve as
inspiration for writers. Additionally, ChatGPT can be used to generate character descriptions, plot
summaries, and even full scenes or chapters, depending on the desired level of detail.
 Another way ChatGPT is being used in creative writing is as a writing collaborator. Many writers have
been using ChatGPT to generate dialogue, descriptive passages, and even entire scenes. This can be
particularly useful for writers who are stuck or in a writing
 Additionally, ChatGPT has been used to generate poetry, song lyrics and even screenplays. Some
people have even used ChatGPT to generate complete novels

Example:
"In a world where gravity suddenly stopped working, people started floating upwards. Write a story about
how society adapted to this new reality."
Language Translation

Features
 ChatGPT can translate content into multiple languages at once
 It can translate content even when English is not the source or target language
 It can consider cultural connotations and regional differences in the meaning of words
 It can also translate code between different programming languages

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