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Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 1:
Concept of Ratio and Proportion

AIRs - LM
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Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 1
Concept of Ratio and Proportion

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 Jumpstart

Activity 1: Name Me!

Directions: Write the ratio of each figure. Write P if the equations form a
proportion or NP if not a proportion.
1)
=

= =
2)
=

= =
3)
=

= =

4)
=

= =

5)
=

= =

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 Discover

Expressing one value as a fraction of another given their ratio

and vice versa
A ratio is a comparison of two quantities having the same units. The quantities
may be separate entities or may be different part of a whole.
Ratio can be written in different ways: word form, colon form, and
fraction form
The order of the term in a ratio must corresponds to the order of objects being
compared.
For separate entities
Example 1. Compare the number of mangoes to number of 10-peso coins and
vice versa.

Ratio of number of mangoes to number of 10-peso coins

word form: 4 is to 6 colon form: 4:6 fraction form: 4

6

Ratio of number of 10-peso coins to number of mangoes

word form: 6 is to 4 colon form: 6:4 fraction form: 6

4

For different part of a whole

Example 2. Compare the total number of objects to mangoes.

Total number of objects = number of mangoes + number of 10-peso coins

Ratio of the total number of objects to mangoes.

word form: 10 is to 4 colon form: 10:4 fraction form: 10

4

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 Ratio of mangoes to total number of objects

word form: 4 is to 10 colon form: 4:10 fraction form: 4

10

Even if the ratio is in fraction form, it should also be in simplest form or lowest
form.
A ratio in fraction form may be simplified by dividing both terms with its greatest
common factor (GCF)
Consider example 2:
10
=
4

4 2𝑥2 2
= =
10 5𝑥2 5

Example 3: Express the ratio of 3-twenty-five centavo coins to 3-one peso coin.

Since the two quantities have

to different units, we need to make
their units the same

=
Example 4. Express the equivalent ratio of 4:6.
Method 1. Multiply them with consecutive numbers.
4 4 16 4 5 20 4 6 24 4 7 28
x = ; x = ; x = ; x = ;
6 4 24 6 5 30 6 6 36 6 7 42

The possible equivalent ratio of 4:6 are 16:24, 20:30, 24:36 and 28:42.
Method 2. By giving their multiples.
Multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, …
Multiples of 6: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, …
The possible equivalent ratio of 4:6 are 8:12; 12:18; 16:24; 20:30; 24:36 and
28:42.
The lowest form of all the possible ratios of 4:6 is 2:3.

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 i.e. 4 = 2 𝑥 2 = 2 8
= =
2 12
=
6𝑥2
=
2 16
=
2𝑥8
=
2
6 2𝑥3 3 12 3 18 6𝑥3 3 24 3𝑥 8 3

Remember: A ratio must be expressed using the same unit of measurement.

Defining and illustrating the meaning of ratio and proportion using

concrete or pictorial models
Example.
Beth helps her mother sells during weekends. Mother’s recipe needs 3 eggs to
make 5 pancakes. Teresa wants to make 25 pancakes. How many eggs will she need?
In the recipe, the ratio of eggs to pancakes is 3:5. To follow the recipe, Beth’s eggs
to pancakes must also be 3:5.
Study the illustration below.

The ratio of the number of eggs to the number of pancakes is 3:5

eggs 3 6 9 15

pancakes 5 10 15 25

To make five pancakes, keeping the same ratio, Beth needs 15:25.
3 3𝑥5 15
That is = =
5 5𝑥5 25
The ratios 3 is to 5 and 15 is to 25 are equal ratios. In symbol form, we
3 15
write these as 3:5 = 15:25 or = , we call this proportion.
5 25
A proportion is an equality of two ratios. We write proportions to help us
establish equivalent ratios and solve for unknown quantities.
Using E to represent the number of eggs to make 25 pancakes Beth needs:
3 𝑒𝑔𝑔𝑠 𝐸
=
5 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑘𝑒 25 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑠

We can solve the equation for E to find the number of eggs Beth needs
by cross multiplication.

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 3 x 25 = 5E
3 𝑥 25
=E
5
3𝑥5𝑥5
=E
5

15 = E
Beth needs 15 eggs to make 25 pancakes.
We can tell then two ratios make a proportion by getting the product of the means
and the product of the extremes. In a proportion, the product of the means is equal
to the product of the extremes.
The “end” terms in a proportion are the extremes and the “middle terms” are the
means.

means (5 x 15) = 75

extremes (3 x 25) = 75
Using cross-multiplication, we get

3 x 25 = 75
5 x 15 = 75

•
•
✓
✓
✓
✓
•
a:b = c:d
•
•

a:b = c:d ad = bc

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 Explore

Activity 1: Make ME Simple!

I. Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the following ratio in colon
form. Express your answer in simplest form.

1) In a certain school, a class with 120 learners has 4 teachers.

Ratio of teachers to learners
: =
2) Twelve out of 72 passengers are tourists. Give the ratio of tourists to
passengers.
: =
3) In the word MODULE, what is the ratio of vowels to all the letters in the word?
: =
II. Directions: Write each expression using the same unit as ratio in colon
form. Express the answers in lowest term.

4) 4 years to 10 months
: = :
5) 8 kilograms to 1200 grams
: = :

Activity 2: Fill ME Well!

Directions: Refer to the illustration below to complete the missing term of the
proportion.

3 1
6. Stars =
6
Triangles

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7. Rectangles =
8 2
Hearts

8
8. Hearts =
6
Triangles

4
9. Rectangles =
6
Triangles

10. Stars 3 =
8 16
Hearts

Deepen

I. Directions: Read and analyze the statements. Write TRUE if the statement
is correct but if it is FALSE, change the underlined number/s,
word or group of words to make the whole statement true.

1) A proportion is an equality of two ratios.

2) If cross products are equal, the ratios are equal.
3) In a proportion, the sum of the means is equal to the product of the
extremes.
4) In 2:5 and 12:30 are equal ratios.
5) In 4 : 7 : and 16 : 28, 4 and 28 are called means.
II. Encircle the pair of ratios that are proportional. Cross out ( x ) those that
are not proportional.

6. 1 and 3 9. 5 and 10
6 18 9 24

7. 4 and 3 10. 3 and 4

7 6 6 12

8. 2 and 6
5 15

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