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Design of Inverted Strip Fdn. Beam

This document provides an example of designing the reinforcement for an inverted T-beam combined foundation that supports two columns. The design includes: 1) Calculating the required base area and dimensions to ensure uniform earth pressure. 2) Determining the bending moments, shear forces, and locations of zero shear. 3) Designing the main reinforcement for bending in the base as both a T-beam and rectangular beam. Shear links are also designed. 4) Checking the shear resistance of the T-beam and flange with design of links if needed. The bottom reinforcement at one column is left for the reader to determine.

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4K views

Design of Inverted Strip Fdn. Beam

This document provides an example of designing the reinforcement for an inverted T-beam combined foundation that supports two columns. The design includes: 1) Calculating the required base area and dimensions to ensure uniform earth pressure. 2) Determining the bending moments, shear forces, and locations of zero shear. 3) Designing the main reinforcement for bending in the base as both a T-beam and rectangular beam. Shear links are also designed. 4) Checking the shear resistance of the T-beam and flange with design of links if needed. The bottom reinforcement at one column is left for the reader to determine.

Uploaded by

akankwasa
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Design of Reinforced Concrete Elements 275

5.16.14 Example 5.33: Inverted T-Beam Combined Foundation


An inverted T-beam combined foundation is required to support two square columns
transferring axial loads as shown in Figure 5.125. Using the data provided, design suitable
reinforcement for the base.
Design Data:
Characteristic dead load on column A 450 kN
Characteristic imposed load on column A 450 kN
Characteristic dead load on column B 750 kN
Characteristic imposed load on column B 750 kN
Characteristic concrete strength f
cu
= 40 N/mm
2
Characteristic of reinforcement f
y
= 460 N/mm
2

Net permissible ground bearing pressure p
g
= 175 kN/m
2
Nominal cover to centre of main reinforcement 40 mm
Column A dimensions 350 mm 350 mm
Column B dimensions 350 mm 350 mm
Figure 5.125
5.16.15 Solution to Example 5.33
Contract : Foundations Job Ref. No. : Example 5.33 Calcs. by : W.McK.
Part of Structure : Inverted T-Beam, Combined Foundation Checked by :
Calc. Sheet No. : 1 of 7 Date :
References Calculations Output
The foundation should be designed as a T-beam between the
columns where the rib is in tension and as a rectangular beam at
the column positions where the bottom slab is in tension.
Using the service loads it is first necessary to determine a
suitable base area and dimensions X and Y such that the centre-
line of the base coincides with the centre-of-gravity of the
column loads. This ensures a uniform earth pressure under the
base.
G
k
= 450 kN
Q
k
= 450 kN
G
k
= 750 kN
Q
k
= 750 kN
A B
Columns
350 mm 350 mm
0.6 m 5.0 m X m
400 mm
800 mm
460 mm
Y m
Design of Structural Elements 276
Contract : Foundations Job Ref. No. : Example 5.33 Calcs. by : W.McK.
Part of Structure :Inverted T-Beam, Combined Foundation Checked by :
Calc. Sheet No. : 2 of 7 Date :
References Calculations Output
Base Area:
Total service load = (450 + 450 + 750 + 750) = 2400 kN
Minimum area required =
pressure bearing e permissibl
load service
=
175
2400
= 13.71 m
2
Actual Load System

Equivalent Load System
Equate the moments of the force systems about the centre-line
of column B:
M
centre-line column B
= (900 5.0) = (2400 x) x = 1.875 m
The centre-line of the base should coincide with this position.
5.0 m
A B
900 kN 1500 kN
x
B
Total load = 2400 kN
5.0 m
900 kN 2400 kN
0.6 m 3.125 m 1.875 m X m
1.875 m
B
Design of Reinforced Concrete Elements 277
Contract : Foundations Job Ref. No. : Example 5.33 Calcs. by : W.McK.
Part of Structure :Inverted T-Beam, Combined Foundation Checked by :
Calc. Sheet No. : 3 of 7 Date :
References Calculations Output
Length of the base = [2 (3.125 + 0.6)] = 7.45 m
X = (7.45 5.6) = 1.85 m
Width of the base Y = (13.71 / 7.45) = 1.84 m
Ultimate bearing pressure:
Ultimate load on column A = (1.4 450) + (1.6 450)
= 1350 kN
Ultimate load on column B = (1.4 750) + (1.6 750)
= 2250 kN
Ultimate design pressure under the base =
( )
( ) 84 1 45 7
2250 1350
. .
+
= 262.6 kN/m
2
The combined base can be regarded as a beam 1.84 m wide.
Longitudinal load/m = (262.6 1.84) = 483.2 kN/m
Shear force at Q = (483.2 0.6) = + 289.9 kN
and = (289.9 1350) = 1060 kN
Shear force at R = 1060 + (483.2 5.0) = +1356 kN
and = (1356 2250) = 894.1 kN
Position of zero shear =
2 483
1060
.
= 2.19 m
Shear force diagram
Bending moment at Q = shaded area
=

9 289
2
6 0
.
.
= 86.8 kNm
1350 kN 2250 kN
483.2 kN/m
0.6 m 5.0 m 1.85 m
P Q R S
894.1 kN
1356 kN
289.9 kN
1060 kN
Design of Structural Elements 278
Contract : Foundations Job Ref. No. : Example 5.33 Calcs. by : W.McK.
Part of Structure :Inverted T-Beam, Combined Foundation Checked by :
Calc. Sheet No. : 4 of 7 Date :
References Calculations Output
Bending moment at R = shaded area
=

894
2
85 1.
= 827 kNm
Maximum bending moment at point of zero shear:
= resultant shaded area = 87

1060
2
19 2.
= 1074 kNm

Design the base as a T-beam between A and B and as a
rectangular beam at the column locations.
Assume 32 mm diameter bars for the main steel.
Effective depth:
d = (1260 40 16 ) = 1204 mm
(Note: This is the mean effective depth)
Bending between the columns A and B (T-beam):
Design bending moment between the columns = 1074 kNm
Clause 3.4.4.4
cu
f bd
M
K
2
= =
40 1204 1840
10 1074
2
6

= 0.01 < K ( = 0.156)


Section is singly reinforced
827 kNm
1074 kNm
87 kNm
460 mm
1840 mm
400 mm
d

=

1
2
0
4

m
m
Design of Reinforced Concrete Elements 279
Contract : Foundations Job Ref. No. : Example 5.33 Calcs. by : W.McK.
Part of Structure :Inverted T-Beam, Combined Foundation Checked by :
Calc. Sheet No. : 5 of 7 Date :
References Calculations Output
x = (d z)/0.45 = (0.05 1204)/0.45 = 133.8 mm < 460 mm
The neutral axis lies in the flange
Z =

(
,
\
,
(
j
+
9 0
25 0 5 0
.
K
. . d =

(
,
\
,
(
j
+
9 0
01 0
25 0 5 0
.
.
. . d
= 0.98d
The lever arm is limited to 0.95d
A
s
=
Z f .
M
y
95 0
=
1204 95 0 460 95 0
10 1074
6

. .
= 2149 mm
2

Design bending moment at column B (Rectangular section):
=
( )
]
]
]
]
,
,

2
175 0 85 1
2 483
2
. .
. = 678 kNm
Clause 3.4.4.4
cu
f bd
M
K
2
=
40 1204 400
10 678
2
6

= 0.03 < K ( = 0.156)


Section is singly reinforced
Z =

(
,
\
,
(
j
+
9 0
03 0
25 0 5 0
.
.
. . d = 0.96d
The lever arm is limited to 0.95d
A
s
=
Z f .
M
y
95 0
=
1204 95 0 460 95 0
10 678
6

. .
= 1356 mm
2
Table 3.25 Minimum area of steel =
h b
A
w
s
100
= 0.26%
A
s

100
1260 400 26 0 .
= 1310 mm
2
< 1356 mm
2
The bottom reinforcement required at column A should be
determined by the reader.
460 mm
1840 mm
400 mm
d

=

1
2
0
4

m
m
Top
Reinforcement
Select:
3/32 mm diameter
bars providing
2410 mm
2
Bottom
Reinforcement
Select:
3/25 mm diameter
bars providing
1470 mm
2
Design of Structural Elements 280
Contract : Foundations Job Ref. No. : Example 5.33 Calcs. by : W.McK.
Part of Structure :Inverted T-Beam, Combined Foundation Checked by :
Calc. Sheet No. : 6 of 7 Date :
References Calculations Output
The reinforcement required to resist transverse bending can be
determined in a similar manner. Consider a 1m width strip:
Assume 25 mm diameter bars:
d = (460 40 25 13) = 382 mm
Transverse bending moment =
(
(
,
\
,
,
(
j

2
72 0
2 483
2
.
.
= 125.2 kNm/m width
Clause 3.4.4.4
cu
f bd
M
K
2
=
40 382 1000
10 2 . 125
2
6

= 0.02 < K ( = 0.156)


Section is singly reinforced
Z =

(
,
\
,
(
j
+
9 0
02 0
25 0 5 0
.
.
. . d = 0.98d
The lever arm is limited to 0.95d
A
s
=
Z f
M
y
95 . 0
=
382 95 . 0 460 95 . 0
10 2 . 125
6

= 789 mm
2
/m

Table 3.25 Minimum area of steel = 0.15%
A
s

100
460 1000 15 0 .
= 690 mm
2
/m < 789 mm
2
/m
Clause 3.4.5 Shear resistance of the T-beam:
Consider shear at the face of Column B
Table 3.8 Critical shear stress
d b
A
v
s
100
=
1204 400
2410 100

= 0.5 v
c
= 0.5 N/mm
2
Modify to allow for using C40 concrete
v
c
= (0.5 1.17) = 0.59 N/mm
2

Table 3.7 (v
c
+ 0.4) = 0.99 N/mm
2
1.0 m
Bottom
Reinforcement
Select:
20 mm diameter bars
@ 400 mm centres
providing 786 mm
2
/m
720 mm
483.2 kN/m
2
Design of Reinforced Concrete Elements 281
Contract : Foundations Job Ref. No. : Example 5.33 Calcs. by : W.McK.
Part of Structure :Inverted T-Beam, Combined Foundation Checked by :
Calc. Sheet No. : 7 of 7 Date :
References Calculations Output
Shear force at the face of the column:
V = (1356 (483.2 0.175) = 1271.4 kN
v =
d b
V
v
=
1204 400
10 4 1271
3

.
= 2.64 N/mm
2
Since (v
c
+ 0.4) < v < 0.8
cu
f
< 5.0 N/mm
2
Design links are required
A
sv

yv
c v sv
95 0
) (
f .
s b
Assume two-legged 10 mm diameter links A
sv
= 157 mm
2
S
v

( )



59 0 64 2 400
250 95 0 157
. .
.
= 45.5 mm
A similar calculation should be carried out by the reader to
determine the links required over the full length of the
T-beam.

Clause 3.4.5 Shear resistance of the flange: Consider shear at the face of rib
Table 3.8 Critical shear stress
d b
A
v
s
100
=
382 1000
786 100

= 0.2 ; d = 382 mm
v
c
= 0.37 N/mm
2
; modify to allow for using C40 concrete
v
c
= (0.37 1.17) = 0.43 N/mm
2

(v
c
+ 0.4) = 0.83 N/mm
2

Shear force V = (483.2 1.0 0.72) = 348 kN
v =
d b
V
v
=
382 1000
10 348
3

= 0.91 N/mm
2
< 0.8
cu
f
< 5.0 N/mm
2
Table 3.16 Since the shear stress v is greater than v
c
shear reinforcement is
required. Shear links are not normally provided in slabs.
Alternatives to providing links are to increase the % of
reinforcement A
s
and hence increase the value of v
c
sufficiently,
or to increase the thickness of the slab, which will reduce the
value of v
.
Adopt double 10 mm
diameter two-legged
links @ 100 mm
centres for the 1
st
metre from column B
720 mm
483.2 kN/m
2

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