English Qtr2 Reviewer

Rhetorical Question- can be sarcastic, humorous or reflective they used to elicit an actual answer, but
rather to create a dramatic effect or to emphasize a point.
-not answerable
Literary Text – a piece of writing, such as a book or poem, that has the purpose of telling a story or
entertaining
Informative text - nonfiction writing, written with the intention of informing the reader about a specific
topic
Myth – an ancient story created to explain natural events, present a lesson, or serves as a warning to
follow rules
Short Story – a kind of literary text that can be read in one sitting
Setting – transports the reader into the tale by appealing to all the senses.
Characters – the readers should find them relatable in terms of values they embody and the principles
they live by.
Plot – It should be original, not predictable and should be interesting enough for the reader to find
himself drawn to it.
Literary Techniques – used to enhance the plot
Suspense
Foreshadowing – using hints or signs that a threat may lie ahead in the story
Flashback
Cliffhanger – abruptly ending the story without a clear resolution of the characters
Plot Twist
Conflict – shows the opposing forces confront one another and how it can be resolved.
Theme – provides profound insights about life. The theme is generally timeless, which means that it will
remain true for different generations of readers and across different backgrounds.
Persuasive essay – refers to the kind of writing, which presents reasons and examples to effect
thoughtand/or action.
2 TYPES OF TEXT:
Informational Text- is a non-fictional and provides information just like newspaper, articles
encyclopedia, and essays
Literary Text- is fictional pieces like novels, poems, and short stories
Fluency – speaking effortlessly, reasonably fast, and without unnecessary stops or pauses.
Cohesion – linking of words and sentences by using correct transitional/cohesive devices.
Coherence – centered on the general sense and organization / logical sequence of
thoughts/ideas in a text – meaning, whether the text makes sense or not.
Tone – the attitude of the writer/ speaker regarding a subject.
Correctness – focused on grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.
Listening- is one of the macro skills
RESEARCH
-It is an imperative area in not just the field of education, but in other fields as well.
-It primarily focuses upon improving quality and is research for knowledge.
-It shows how to make provisions of solutions to a problem in a scientific and methodical manner
TERMS IN RESEARCH:
Design – it is to plan (or a plan of) how something will be made or done.
Data – these are collected facts or information.
Significance – these are important data and meaningful findings in research.
Evidence – observations or information that can help solve a crime or show whether something is true
or false.
Treatment – it is a course of action designed for research.
Experiment – it is a test to see what happens when all factors (variables), but one is controlled.
Conclusion – it is a summary of what has been learned or shown at the end of a study.
Observation – it is looking carefully at something.
Statistics – It is the organization and study of numerical data.
Biased – wanting certain results so much that they influence the results.
CAMPAIGN
-Can be a single ad or a series of ads.
-It has ads that revolve around a single idea.
-It provides a framework in which processes of advocacy can be easily developed and enclosed.
-It has varying purposes. They are created using similar structures, as well as using persuasive
language in order to convince audiences to perform a certain function.
5 DIMENSIONS OF A CAMPAIGN
1. Awareness raising – this is intended to make the problem to be addressed known by general public.
Ex. COVID-19 prevention
2. Research – another dimension that is based on research, since it provides the necessary knowledge to
take action. Many stakeholders are involved here for the complexity of the topic.
Ex .Experimenting to come up with a vaccine to cure COVID-19.
3. Social Mobilization – these are used by grassroots-based social movements, but also as a tool for the
elite and the state itself. This involves a lot of different groups like, civic organizations, religions, and
actions of members of institutions like mass meetings, processions, and demonstration.
Ex. EDSA revolution, Human Rights rally
4. Training – it is a process focused on a clear and specific target. It further develops all the content, but
also the scope and the vision. It runs a mid-term and long-term scenario to get in-depth into the topic. It
completes the information-understanding cycle.
Ex. Training police for proper actions on crime, training for teachers to update them on teaching
strategies, training for nurses for new practices in caring for patients.
5. Lobbying – it is an act to influence decisions made by officials in the government. It is very effective
since it points directly to the legislator and regulatory agencies.
Ex. POLITICS OF COALITIONS-BUILDING FOR DEMOCRATIC REFORM: APHILIPPINE

EXPERIENCE
ADVOCACY – It is an action for a cause or purpose such as a media campaign of a non-government
organization or NGO that works for human rights to find stakeholders and partners to sustain its activity.
 ADVOCACY and CAMPAIGN are sometimes seen as synonymous terms, both are terms for all
forms of influencing and convincing others.
Assertion is a term generally used to refer to statements of fact, opinion, belief and prejudice.
Fact- is a verifiable statement. It can be proven objectively by verified observations of the result of
research among others. Because statements of facts can be double-checked for accuracy, there is general
agreement about the truth they posit.
Opinion- is a personal judgment based on facts; hence, it is debatable and potentially changeable.
Belief- which is a conviction based on cultural or personal faith, morality or values. A statement of belief
may look similar with an opinion, but they are not based on evidence; that is why they cannot be
contested or argued in a rational or logical manner.
Commonplace Assertion- an oversimplification or a prejudice, which is a half-baked opinion based on
insufficient or unexamined evidence, but it presented as if it were a fact. It is often accepted from others
( families, friends, media etc.), making it too common to be questioned about its truthfulness.

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Rhetorical Question- can be sarcastic, humorous or reflective they used to elicit an actual answer, but

rather to create a dramatic effect or to emphasize a point.

Literary Techniques – used to enhance the plot

Coherence – centered on the general sense and organization / logical sequence of

thoughts/ideas in a text – meaning, whether the text makes sense or not.

Tone – the attitude of the writer/ speaker regarding a subject.

Correctness – focused on grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.

Listening- is one of the macro skills

Data – these are collected facts or information.

Significance – these are important data and meaningful findings in research.

Treatment – it is a course of action designed for research.

Observation – it is looking carefully at something.

Statistics – It is the organization and study of numerical data.

-Can be a single ad or a series of ads.

-It has ads that revolve around a single idea.

Ex. COVID-19 prevention

Ex .Experimenting to come up with a vaccine to cure COVID-19.

Ex. EDSA revolution, Human Rights rally

completes the information-understanding cycle.

Ex. POLITICS OF COALITIONS-BUILDING FOR DEMOCRATIC REFORM: APHILIPPINE

ADVOCACY – It is an action for a cause or purpose such as a media campaign of a non-government

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