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Gear Box
What is gear ?
Gear is the machine component which is used to transmit torque/motion from driving shaft to driven
shaft by successively engaging its teeth.
Used material in
cast iron ,steel ,non ferrous ,plastic or fibre materials.
What is the purpose of gear ?
. To change the velocity ratio of shafts .
. To change the direction of rotation of shaft.
Types of gear
Parallel
1. Super gear
2. Helical gear
3. Rack and pinion
Intersecting
1. Bevel gear
2. Mitre gear
Non Parallel non intersecting
1. Worm shaft and worm gear
TYPE OF PARALLEL GEAR
1. Super gear -:
• Transmits power in parallel shaft.
• Used for low power transmission.
• There will no axil force.
2. Helical gear -:
• Teeth are cut at an angle to the axis of rotation.
• It run more silently then spur gear.
• There will be axial force / thrust force.
• Widely use in automobile vehicles.
• The helix angle ranges form 20degree to 35 degree.
3. Rack and Pinion gear-:
Rack and pinion gear can change rotary into linear movement and visa versa.
Non Parallel non intersecting

1. Worm shaft and worm gear -:
These are used to transmit motion at right angle to the axis

of motion at different planes.
These are widely used for speed reduction purpose.
Intersecting
1. Bevel Gear -:
The bevel gear are used to transmit motion between various shafts at various angle to each other.
When to bevel gear transmit motion at right angle , is called mitre gear.
GEAR BOX
• WHAT IS GEAR BOX?
The gearbox in a car is a component that enables the torque to change or changes the rpm speed of
the engine. The input shaft connects to the engine on one side, and the gearbox on the other. The
output shaft produces a certain torque provided by the different gear ratios present in the gearbox.
• APPLICATIONS OF GEAT BOX
Gearboxes are used in many applications including machine tools, industrial equipment, conveyors,
and really any rotary motion power transmission application that requires changes to torque and
speed requirements.
TYPE OF GEAR BOX
•Sliding mesh gearbox
•Constant mesh gearbox
•Synchromesh gearbox
•Epicyclic Gearbox
SLIDING MESH GEARBOX Sliding mesh gear boxes are made with spur gear. The gears in the layshaft
is rigidly fixed shaft. The gears in main shaft alone can move along the spline. The selector fork
moves the gear and moves the perfect mesh with the required gear in lay shaft when the gear lever
is shifted.
• GEAR LEVEL Working-:
•First gear: In the first gear, the gearbox provides maximum torque at low speed. The smallest gear
on the layshaft engages with the biggest gear in the main shaft, thus transmitting high torque. First
Gear is used at the time when the vehicle starts its movement in a forwarding direction.
Second gear: In the second gear, the gearbox provides low torque and high speed when compared
to 1st gear. Second Gear is obtained when second largest gear of second smallest gear of layshaft
meshes with middle size gear of the main shaft.
•Third gear: In the third gear, the gearbox provides low torque and high speed when compared to
2nd gear. The third gear is the last gear or top gear of the Sliding Mesh Gearbox. This gear is
obtained when the biggest gear of layshaft meshes with the smallest gear of the main shaft. •Fourth
gear: For the fourth gear, the clutch shaft and the main shaft are engaged by a dog clutch, thereby
the main shaft rotates at maximum speed as that of the clutch shaft.
CONSTANT MESH GEARBOX A constant mesh gearbox is a type of transmission in which all forward
gear pairs remain engaged. In a constant mesh gearbox, all gears are in mesh all the time. The
constant mesh gearbox is a type of manual transmission in which the gears are meshed or fixed to
their positions.
SYNCHROMESH GEARBOX A synchromesh gearbox is a usually manually operated transmission in
which a change of gears takes place between gears that are already revolving at the same speed. It is
often claimed that a synchromesh gearbox requires less effort to change gears. Avoids the necessity
of double declutching.
EPICYCLIC GEARBOX An epicyclic gear train (also known as a planetary gearset) consists of two gears
mounted so that the centre of one gear revolves around the centre of the other. A carrier connects
the centres of the two gears and rotates the planet and sun gears mesh so that their pitch circles roll
without slip.
Speed Ratio
Here gears B and C mating with each other and connected by means of arm A. So according to
Speed of the gear B w.r.t arm A − Tc
principle =
Speed of the gear B w.r.t arm A Tb

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Gear Box

Non Parallel non intersecting

These are used to transmit motion at right angle to the axis

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