TITLE PAGE

•Research title is written in an inverted pyramid

format and should not exceed fifteen words
•Names are arranged alphabetically (family
names)
•Follow proper formatting
 FORMAT
•FONT: Bookman Old Style
•FONT SIZE: 12
•SPACING: Double
•Each Chapter title must be bold and capital
•Subparts are bold but not capital
•Proper paging
-i, ii, iii…. (preliminary pages)
-1,2,3… (Chapter 1 until the Appendices/CV)
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM
•Background of the Study
- This refers to the overview of the research which
presents a situational analysis that portrays the
problem in the global, national, regional, and local
context. This section presents the most recent
data/facts relative to the topic being studied. The
historical/legal foundation of the study must also be
firmly established in this section.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM
•Background of the Study
- This may also include:
a) the justification of what generated interest and
motivation for the researcher that led to the
conceptualization of the problem;
b) the logical continuity between relevant previous
work with the present work;
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM
•Background of the Study
- This section presents the most recent
data/facts relative to the topic being studied.
The historical/legal foundation of the study must
also be firmly established in this section. It is
important in this section that the significance
and/or objectives of the study is discussed and
presented.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM
•Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
- A primary theory must be identified
and discussed in connection with the
topic. Supporting theories and
concepts follow to further elaborate the
variables of the study.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM
•Paradigm of the
study
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM
•Significance of the Study
- In this section, provide a brief explanation
of the rationale or importance of your study.
You may state something about the
intended output of your study without
going into details.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM
•Significance of the Study
- Then identify the beneficiaries of
the study and explain the benefits
they will derive from the findings.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM
•Statement of the Problem and
Hypotheses
NOTA BENE:
Cite all concepts and ideas borrowed from
other authors. Avoid directly
cutting and pasting information from online
sources as this can lead to
PLAGIARISM, not to mention the risk on
the credibility of your study.
NOTA BENE:
Always be mindful of coherence and
consistency in writing.
Always verify the information you gathered
from the internet for their truthfulness and
accuracy.
If information was taken from Wikipedia,
validate information by looking for other
sources that corroborate it.
NOTA BENE:
Minimize the use of a .com website unless
you can establish the credibility of the
writer. Preferred websites are .gov.; .org; or
.edu.
Use future tense of verbs in the proposal
but change them to past tense in the final
paper.
ANNOUNCEMENT
 CHAPTER 2
DESIGN AND METHODLOGY
•Make an introductory paragraph
of this chapter
 For example:
This section discussed the methodology
that will be used in the study. It highlights
the research design, the population and
sampling selected, as well as the
instrument for data collection. It will also
discuss the plan for data analysis, note
ethical considerations, and set plans for
dissemination.
 Research Design
•Discuss the research design to be used
and how it will be utilized to attain the
objectives of the study. Specific types or
approaches of the research design must
be elaborated on how it will be utilized in
the study. There is no need to define the
research design you intend to use.
 For example:
The design of the study was qualitative-
narrative. It presents a model that enables the
researcher to conduct in-depth analysis from details
and discover information from involvement in actual
observable experiences. This is the best design for
the study because it employs inductive reasoning
which helps the researcher conclude, and therefore
create a design based on the experiences and
observations of the selected sample population.
Population and Locale of the
Study
• Present a narrative description of the population and the
reason/s for your choice. The population refers to the
respondents of the study. Start with the universe (entire
population) then move on to the sample. Discuss here
the inclusion and exclusion criteria of your respondents.
Inclusion criteria refer to the characteristics of your
respondents as basis of your selection of who will be
participating in your study; while exclusion criteria refer to
those characteristics of individuals who will be not
participating in your study.
Population and Locale of the
Study
•Explain the sampling technique used, if any. A
tabular presentation of the respondents’
characteristics may be done after its textual
explanation.

•Describe the setting of the study, justify why the

locale was chosen and other locales not included.
 For example:
Table 1 presents the frequency of respondents
according to School/college. A total enumeration of college
freshmen enrolled in General Chemistry subjects during
the first semester, SY 2011-2012 participated in the study.
Repeaters of the subject were not included in the study.
Transferees who are first time to enroll the subject were
invited to join in the study.
 For example
(continuation):
Almost half of the respondents (49%) were
from the School of Natural Sciences, and the
least number of respondents (23%) were from
the School of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences.
Table 1 shows a summary of the frequency and
percentages of the respondents.
 For example
(continuation):
 Data Gathering Tool/s
•Describe briefly the instruments or materials used
and their function in the study. If a questionnaire
was used, include how the indicators were
formulated. If a standard questionnaire or checklist
(or one made by another researcher) was used,
indicate if permission was obtained for its use in the
current study. Indicate also how the questionnaire
was subjected for validity.
 Data Gathering Tool/s
•For qualitative researches, describe how the
methods were employed. Identify and describe
all the materials used (video, camera,….). If
group interviews or focused group discussions
were employed, how many participated?
Where? When? Provide a sample of tool/s in
the appendix.
Reliability and Validity Test of
the Instrument
•For reliability-testing purposes, indicate how
many were involved, where it was
administered and the results. For interviews,
indicate if formal or informal. If formal, what
questions were asked in the interview
schedule? Where did the interview happen?
How many times? How was consent obtained?
Reliability and Validity Test of
the Instrument
•For reliability-testing purposes, indicate how
many were involved, where it was
administered and the results. For interviews,
indicate if formal or informal. If formal, what
questions were asked in the interview
schedule? Where did the interview happen?
How many times? How was consent obtained?
 For example:
To be able to have the research study result, in
response to the researchers adviser for the reliability and
validity of the questionnaires to be conducted. The
validation of the questionnaires should be validated by
professionals who had the expertise in this topic. The
included tool validator for the research is a personnel from
the Bureau of Fire Protection who has the rank of a Fire
Inspector, and had a thorough understanding of the fire
safety measures.
 For example
(continuation):
After the tool validation has been approved to
measure the reliability of the instrument or whether the
instrument consistency measure is reliable to the study.
The questionnaire is administered to the respondents at
one point in time to the respondents from the Senior High,
College of Engineering, College of Public Administration
and College of Teacher Education, but not to CCJE
department. After a certain period, the same questionnaire
is administered to the same participant without any
intervention.
 Data Gathering Procedure
• This is the detailed part and the longest part in this
chapter since you will be presenting the steps taken from
the beginning to the end of the conduct of your research.
It should discuss what the researcher did and how the
research was done. Summarize each step in the
execution of the research, including the instructions given
to the participants. The detailed procedures in using the
tools are also discussed. Describe the randomization,
counterbalancing, and other control features in the
design.
 For example:
The following procedures were undertaken in
gathering data and the distribution of the instruments.
First, the researchers prepared a consent form addressed
to the respondents for the conduct of the study. Then a
briefing was made on how to answer the questionnaire
correctly and handed down the survey - questionnaires to
the respondents. After the questionnaires were answered
it has be collected by the researchers. Then the responses
are soon scanned, sorted and tallied. The data gathered
had been tabulated and computed, analyzed and
interpreted.
 Treatment of the Data
•This is the basis for the evaluation of the
appropriateness of the procedure for the
analysis of the data. For qualitative
interpretation, coding and thematization are
among those used to analyze the data
gathered (what coding styles were used, how
themes were surfaced…).
 Treatment of the Data
•For quantitative research, all statistical
tools have to be presented inclusive of
how these were used. The APA (2020)
recommends not indicating anymore a
formula for statistics that are
commonly used.
 Ethical Considerations
• Discuss here how the ethical considerations were
followed in obtaining the information and other resources
needed in the conduct of the study. Present how you
respected the anonymity and voluntary participation of
your respondents throughout the study (if informants/
participants opted for non-disclosure of identity); how you
insured the confidentiality of information (if
informants/participants opted for non disclosure of
information); how you ensured that the participants can
withdraw at anytime if they become uncomfortable during
the course of the study
 Ethical Considerations
• how you ensured that the participants can withdraw at
anytime if they become uncomfortable during the course
of the study without penalty; how you implemented or
adopted the risk management measures/strategies for
your participants, other researchers and/or auxiliary
personnel if any; how you selected
informants/participants using non-discriminatory criteria
and processes (unless inclusion and exclusion criteria
are justifiable based on the nature of the study; and how
the findings of the study will be disseminated to the
beneficiaries
 For example:
The researchers firstly asked permission to the
respondent before conducting the research by letting
the respondent sign the consent form. The
researchers considered some of the ethical issues
while conducting the action research. In this
research, the researchers kept all the personal
details of the participants/respondents and school
confidential. This was purposely to protect their
privacy and make them feel secured.
 For example
(continuation):
The researchers explained all about the
research clearly using simple terms to the
respondents. This made them aware of the
research objectives and aims in learning.
Furthermore, the researchers did not threaten
or forced the respondents to participate in this
research. They also had the freedom to
withdraw if they want to.
 For example
(continuation):
All data gathered from the respondents were
treated with confidentially and impartially. Since the
data were obtained from the answers that were
compiled and retrieve from the conduct
questionnaires. The researchers only used the
recorded data for personal purposes, and it were
deleted that the study is over. In addition to the
publication, the project's result or output was
presented in a research conference.
NOTA BENE:
Use always a third person point
of view (“the researchers/this
research/etc…). Avoid using the
first person POV such as “we, our,
us, I, etc…”
Always include your sources