Prehistory Life

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Hunter-gatherer communities

Prehistory began with the appearance of the first humans. This is known as the Palaeolithic
Age or 'Old Stone Age'. It lasted for nearly two and a half million years.

The lives of early humans

Groups of early humans lived from hunting animals, gathering fruit and fishing. Because they
did not produce food, we say they were predators.

Their main activity was hunting, which they did in groups. They trapped mammals, insects,
reptiles and small animals, eating the meat and using the skin to make clothes. The bones were
used to make tools and the tendons used to make rope.

Early human communities were nomadic: they moved in search of food and shelter.

The control of fire

About 400 000 years ago, Homo erectus discovered fire, probably by accident from a volcano
or a bolt of lightning. Later, Neanderthals learnt to light fires.

The control of fire was vital for human progress. They could keep warm, frighten away wild
animals, light their caves and, most importantly, cook food.

The production of tools

The use of tools makes humans different from other animals. The first tools were simple stones
carved to make an edge for cutting.

Later, they used flint. This hard mineral breaks into sharp pieces. Flint tools were used to cut
wood and meat, to dig up vegetables and to shape bones.

Tools later became specialised. People learnt to use new materials (bone and antler) to make
hooks, harpoons, needles and bows to shoot arrows.

Activities

1. Complete the sentences with the correct words:

The first period of prehistory was the ____________Age, which means


"_____________Age".

The Palaeolithic Age lasted for ____________ and a half millon years and was divided
into three stages: L____________,M____________and U____________.

The first human communities ____________animals,


gathered____________and____________; they were____________.
The first humans were____________, which means they did not have a permanent
home. They moved around to hunt for food.

____________ ____________discovered fire.____________learnt how to light fires.

The first tools were____________stones carved to make an edge for cutting.

Later,____________was used. This hard mineral breaks into sharp pieces. Flint tools
were used to cut wood and meat, dig up vegetables and shape bones.

People learnt to use new materials such as ____________and ____________ to make


hooks, harpoons, needles and bows to shoot arrows.

2. Identify what the characters are doing in this Paleolithic camp:

drying fish – cooking food-producing tools- making clothes- hunting-gathering plants-


fishing- drawing cave paintings- cutting up meat

1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9
3. Why was hunting so important for early humans?
4. What did our ancestors use fire for?

5. Why did Palaeolithic people start using flint to make tools?

6. Find words in the text that means.


 a hard mineral used to make tools →

 collecting wild fruit and other edible plants →

 strong, flexible material taken from dead animals →

 constantly moving from one place to another →

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