List of Derivations for Final Exam

Class-12th Physics
List of important Derivations for Final Exam

Ch-1 Electric Charges and Fields
1. Coulomb’s law of Electric Force
2. Coulomb’s law in vector form
3. Principle of superposition of electrostatic forces
4. Electric Field lines and properties
5. Electric field (EF) due to a point charge
6. EF due to a system of point charges
7. EF at axial point of electric dipole
8. EF at equatorial point of electric dipole
9. Torque on a dipole in uniform EF
10. Gauss’s theorem and proof
11. EF due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet
12. EF of 2 positively charged parallel plates.
13. EF due to 2 oppositely charged parallel plates
14. EF due to uniformly charged thin spherical shell
15. EF of a line charge (from Coulomb’slaw)
16. EF due to an infinitely long straight charged wire
17. Deduction of Coulomb’s law fromGauss’s theorem
18. EF at the axis of a ring
Ch- 2 Electrostatic Potential & Capacitance
1. Electric Potential (EP) due to a point charge.
2. EP at an axial point of dipole
3. EP at an equatorial point of dipole
4. EP at any general point due to a dipole
5. EP due to a group of point charges
6. EP due to uniformly charged thin spherical shell
7. Relation between EF & EP
8. Equipotential Surface and properties
9. Potential Energy (PE) of system of 2-point charges
10. PE of a system of 3-point charges
11. PE of a system of N point charges
12. PE of a single charge
13. PE of system of 2-point charges in an external field
14. PE of a dipole placed in an uniform electric field
15. Spherical capacitors and problems
16. Parallel Plate Capacitor(Capacitance)
17. Capacitors in series & parallel
18. Energy stored in a capacitor
19. Energy stored in series combination of capacitors
20. Energy density of an EF
21. Reduced field inside a dielectric &dielectric constant
22. Electric susceptibility
23. Relation between electric susceptibility & dielectric constant
24. Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric slab
Ch-3 Current Electricity:

1. EMF of a cell (Relation with E,V, I, r)
2. Ohm’s Law (simple and vector form)
3. Mobility of charge carriers
4. Relation between (b/w) electric current (I)and mobility for conductors
5. Relaxation time and drift velocity
6. Relation b/w (I) and drift velocity
7. Deduction of Ohm’s law (from driftvelocity)
8. Resistances in series & parallel
9. Cells in series and parallel
10. Condition for maximum current from (series and parallel) combination of
cells
11. Kirchhoff’s Law (laws and numerical)
12. KCL
13. KVL (numerical on both laws)
14. Heating effect and power
15. Wheatstone Bridge (Working &Balanced condition)
Ch-4 Moving Charges and Magnetism:
1. Biot-Savart Law
2. Application of Biot Savart Law
a. Magnetic field due to long straight conductor
b. Magnetic field at the centre of circular current loop
c. Magnetic field on the axis of circular current loop
3. Ampere’s Circuital Law
4. Application of Ampere’s Circuital Law
a. Magnetic field due to infinitely long straight wire
b. Magnetic Field inside a solenoid
5. Force on moving charge in magnetic field
6. Lorentz force
7. Motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field
8. Force on current carrying conductor in a magnetic field
9. Force between two parallel current-carrying wires
10. Torque on current-carrying loop in a magnetic field
11. Moving coil galvanometer
12. Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter and ammeter
13. Sensitivity of a Galvanometer.
Ch-5 Magnetism:
1. Magnetic Field Lines
2. Current loop as Magnetic dipole
3. Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron
4. Classification of magnetic materials
5. Origin and properties of
a. Diamagnetic materials
b. Paramagnetic materials
c. Ferromagnetic materials
Ch-6 Electromagnetic Induction:
1. Faraday’s Experiment
2. Laws of EMI
3. Lenz’s Law
4. Motional EMF
5. Methods of generating Induced EMF
6. Self-Induction
7. Self-Inductance of long solenoid
8. Mutual Inductance
9. Mutual Inductance of two long Solenoids
Ch-7 Alternating Current:
1. Average value of AC over half and full cycle
2. RMS value of AC
3. Circuit Theory
4. AC circuit with resistor/ inductor/ Capacitor only
a. Phasor
b. Wave diagram
5. AC circuit with resistor and inductor in series
6. AC circuit with resistor and capacitor in series
7. Series LCR circuit
a. Phasor
b. Resonance condition
c. Q- Factor
8. Power factor
9. Average Power Associated with
a. Resistor
b. Capacitor
c. Inductor
d. Wattless current
10. Energy stored in Inductor and Capacitor
11. Transformer
a. Principle
b. Construction
c. Working
d. Transformation ratio
e. Energy losses
12. AC Generator
a. Principle
b. Construction
c. Working
Ch-8 Electromagnetic Waves
1. Important Characteristics of EM Waves.

2. EM Spectrum Questions: Based on wavelength, intensity
3. Uses of all the rays in EM Spectrum.
4. How do you establish transverse nature of EM Waves?
5. Diagram for Propagation of EM Waves.
6. Energy, Momentum, Intensity, Radiation Pressure associated with EM waves:
derivation and their relation.
7. Modified Maxwell’s Law: concept of Displacement current
Ch- 9 Ray Optics

1. Real and Apparent Depth
2. Total Internal Reflection
3. Lens Formula (Converging and Diverging)
4. Refraction Formula (All 5 cases)
5. Lens Maker Formula
6. Combination of Lens and Power of lens
7. Prism (Formula, Angle of deviation, Angular Dispersion, Dispersive Power)
8. Simple Microscope
9. Compound Microscope
10. Refracting Type: Astronomical Telescope
11. Reflecting Type: Cassegrain Telescope
12. Concepts and relation for mirror
Ch-10 Wave Optics:
1. Huygen’s Principle: Wavefront, Geometrical Construction
2. Proof for Laws of Reflection and Refraction from Huygen’s Principle
3. Interference (YDSE, Resultant Intensity Derivation, Condition for constructive and
Destructive Interference, Fringe Width, Sustained Interference Condition)
4. Coherent and Incoherent Sources
5. Diffraction: Diffraction through single slit, conditions and position of Secondary
maxima and minima, width of central maxima.
6. Difference between interference and diffraction with their pattern
Ch- 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter:
1. Concept of photon and properties of photon
2. Photoelectric Effect and equation
3. Laws of photoelectric Emission.
4. Experiment demonstrating photoelectric effect.
5. Concept of Stopping potential, Threshold frequency, Work function
6. All graphs: Effect of intensity, Effect of Potential, Effect of frequency, Effect of
wavelength
7. De-Broglie Hypothesis: concept of de-Broglie wavelength, relation with Kinetic energy
and wavelength.
Ch- 12 Atoms
1. Thomson’s Model of atom
2. Rutherford Model of atom
3. Bohr’s Model of Atom
4. Bohr’s Postulates
(i) Radius of orbit of electron, velocity of electron, energy of electron in its orbit
5. Distance of closest approach
6. Impact Parameter
7. Hydrogen Spectra
8. Energy level diagram
9. Ionization and excitation Potential
Ch-13 Nuclei
1. Composition of nucleus
2. Isotopes/ isobars/ isotones/isomers
3. Nuclear forces and curve
4. Nuclear Size and Density
5. Binding Energy, Mass Defect (Formula and Numericals)
6. Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion
Ch- 14 Semiconductor Devices
1. Formation of energy bands in solids
2. Energy band Diagram for Conductors, Insulators and semiconductors
3. Types of Semiconductors (Intrinsic and extrinsic)
4. Formation of p and n type semiconductors
5. Energy band diagram of extrinsic semiconductor
6. Formation of p-n junction diode: Depletion region, potential barrier, drift and diffusion
current
7. Biasing of diode (Forward and Reverse)
8. I-V Characteristics
9. Rectifier (Half and Full wave rectifier)

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Class-12th Physics

List of important Derivations for Final Exam

Ch-3 Current Electricity:

Ch-4 Moving Charges and Magnetism:

1. Important Characteristics of EM Waves.

Ch- 9 Ray Optics

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