Activity Experimental Research

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Activity Experimental Research

Uploaded by

ortizroballen

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Read the following and answer the following questions below.

Types of Experimental Research Design

1. Pre-Experimental Design

Pre-experimental designs lack the rigor of true experiments, often not using control groups or
randomization. They provide a preliminary indication of the effectiveness of an intervention but do not
firmly establish cause-and-effect relationships.

• Types:

o One-Shot Case Study Design: A single group is exposed to a treatment, followed by a

measurement of the outcome.
Example: A group of students takes a test after attending a seminar.

o One-Group Pre-Test/Post-Test Design: The same group is measured before and after the
intervention.
Example: Students take a test before and after a tutoring session to assess improvement.

o Static Group Comparison: Two or more groups are compared but without random
assignment or pre-testing.
Example: A group receiving treatment is compared with a group that does not, with
outcomes measured afterward.

2. True Experimental Design

True experimental designs involve random assignment of participants to groups and manipulation of
independent variables, providing strong evidence for cause-and-effect relationships.

• Types:

o Pre-Test/Post-Test Control Group Design: Participants are randomly assigned to

experimental and control groups, with measurements taken before and after the
intervention.
Example: One group receives a new teaching method, while the control group uses
traditional methods, with test scores measured before and after.

o Post-Test Only Control Group Design: Participants are randomly assigned to groups, but
only a post-test is conducted.
Example: Two groups are compared only after the intervention, without pre-testing.

o Solomon Four-Group Design: Combines pre-test/post-test control with random

assignment to evaluate the effects of the pre-test itself.
Example: Four groups are formed: two receive pre-tests and the intervention, and two
receive only the post-test after the intervention.

3. Quasi-Experimental Design

Quasi-experimental designs involve the manipulation of an independent variable without random

assignment to groups. These designs are often used when randomization is impractical or unethical.
• Types:

o Nonequivalent Control Group Design: Includes an experimental group and a control

group that are not randomly assigned.
Example: A new curriculum is implemented in one school, while another school (not
randomly chosen) serves as the control.

o Interrupted Time Series Design: Multiple measurements are taken before and after an
intervention to observe trends over time.
Example: Examining the effects of a new policy by measuring relevant outcomes at
multiple time points before and after implementation.

o Regression Discontinuity Design: Participants are assigned to groups based on a cutoff

score, allowing comparison of outcomes above and below the threshold.
Example: Students with scores above a certain level receive advanced tutoring, while
those below do not, allowing for comparison of outcomes.

Scenario 1:

A group of farmers applies a new organic fertilizer to their crops and measures the yield at the end of the
growing season. No comparison group is used, and the outcome is measured only after the fertilizer has
been applied.