UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

Week 7: Missing Data

I. Introduction

There are several reasons for not completing the field measurement, such as difficult terrain,
obstacles, hostile land owners, lack of time, sudden severe weather conditions and so on. This
value may be computed later on the office. In this chapter, two common types of omitted error
will be discussed first an omitted measurement on one side and second omitted measurement
involving two adjoining sides.
II. Objective
After completion of this course the student should be able to:

a) determine the missing side and bearing of the data and

b) compute for the missing data from an incomplete traverse data

III. Omitted Measurement

A. Common types of Omitted measurement

1. Omitted measurement are in one side

Case 1: length and bearing of one side is Unknown

2. Omitted measurement Involving two adjoining Sides

Case 1: Length of one side and bearing of another side unknown

Case 2: Length of two side unknown
Case 3: Bearing of two side unknown

 Missing Data are in One Side

As shown in the figure:7 assuming line AB, BC, DE, EF, FA is correct and no error occurred during
observation it is safe to consider the line CD as the closing line.

 The algebraic sum of the north and south latitude will become the latitude of side CD.

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UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

 The algebraic sum of the east and west departures will become the departure of side
CD.

Therefore;

2 2
Length of unknown =√𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑡 + 𝐸𝑑𝑒𝑝

Bearing angle:

−𝐸𝐷𝑒𝑝
tanß=
−𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑡

Example: 1

Solution:

𝐸lat = 993.178 + (−541.847) = 451.331𝑚

𝐸dep = 709.297 + (−1253.929) = −544.632𝑚

LINE BEARING LATITUDES DEPARTURE

LENGTH
+N -S +E -W
AB 733.75 N 75°10’E 187.84 709.297
BC 598.23 N 23°15’W 549.648 236.147
CD 415.05 S 59°10’W 212.730 356.387
DE 511.38 N 60°00’W 255.69 442.868
EF 395.06 S 33°35’W 329.117 218.527
FA Unknown Unknown
SUM + 993.178 -541.847 +709.297 -1253.929

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UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

Length of line FA:

2 2
𝐿𝐹𝐴 = √𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑡 + 𝐸𝑑𝑒𝑝

𝐿𝐹𝐴 = √451.3312 + 544.6322

𝐿𝐹𝐴 = 707.335𝑚

−𝐸𝐷𝑒𝑝
Tanß= −𝐸
𝑙𝑎𝑡
−(−1253.929)
Tanß= −(+709.297)
ß=60°30’ Therefore the bearing of line FA is S 60°30’ E

 Omitted measurement Involving two adjoining Sides

Case 1: length of one side and bearing of another side Unknown

Figure 7.1 show a closed traverse for which

EA, AB, BC are known and line CD & DE are
unknown. Since the latitude and departure
of known sides may be calculated and
summed. Then the length and bearing of a
closing line may in turn to establish or
calculated.

Figure:7.1

Figure:7.1A
Redrawn at figure 7.1A Is a triangle
CDE that is contain the missing
quantities. By simple geometry, the
angle at station C can be determine
from the known bearings of sides CD
and CE. Since bearing and length of CE
are known

By Sine law:
𝐶𝐸 𝐷𝐸 𝐶𝐷 𝐶𝐸
= and =
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐷 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐶 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐸 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐷

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UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

Case 2: Length of two side unknown

Figure:16.2
Figure 7. 2 show a closed traverse for which
AB, DE, EF and FA, are known and the length
of line CD & BC are unknown. Since the
latitude and departure of known sides may
be calculated and summed. Then the length
and bearing of a closing line may in turn to
establish or calculated.

As shown in isolated figure 7.2A of the close

traverse that the bearing of all three sides
are known as is the length of line BD. Using Figure:7.2A
Sine Law, it may then be determining the
unknown sides.

By Sine law:
𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐷 𝐵𝐷
= =
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐷 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐶

Case 3: Bearing of two side unknown

Figure 7.3 show a closed traverse for which

AB, BC and CD, are known and the bearing
of line CD & BC are unknown. Since the
latitude and departure of known sides may
be calculated and summed. Then the length
and bearing of a closing line may in turn to
establish or calculated.

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UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

As shown in isolated figure 7.3A of the close

traverse that the length of all three sides are
known as is the bearing of line AD. Using
Cosine Law, it may then be determined the
unknown bearing.

By Cosine law: Figure:7.3A

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐶

As a check, the sum of the three computed angles should equal to 180°.

Example 2: Case 1
Given the following sketch and tabulated data for a closed traverse in which the length of side DE
and bearing of side EA have not been observed. Determine these unknown quantities.

LATITUDES DEPARTURES
LINE LENGTH BEARING
+N -S +E -W
AB 1,110.68m S 71°9’E 358.64 1051.188
BC 1,585.45 S 20°20’W 1486.656 550.914
CD 1,245.25 S 71°15’W 400.272 1179.164
DE UNKNOWN N 30°26’W - -
EA 1,745.15 UNKNOWN - -
SUM -2245.568 1051.188 -1730.078

Solution:

a) Determine the length and the bearing of the closing line

2 2
𝐿𝐷𝐴 = √𝛴𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑡 + 𝛴𝐸𝑑𝑒𝑝

𝐿𝐷𝐴 = √2245.5682 + 678.892

𝑳𝑫𝑨 = 𝟐𝟑𝟒𝟓. 𝟗𝟒𝟕𝐦

−𝐸𝐷𝑒𝑝
Tanß𝐷𝐴 = −𝐸
𝑙𝑎𝑡
−(−678.89))
Tanß𝐷𝐴 =−(−2245.568)
ß𝑫𝑨 =16°49’ Figure:15.4

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(Therefore, the baring of the closing line DA is N 16°49’ S)

b) Determining the length of Line DE and Length EA.

<D = 30°26’ + 16°49’= 47°15’

By Sine Law
𝐷𝐴 𝐸𝐴
=
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐸 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐷

𝐷𝐴 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐷
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐸 =
𝐸𝐴

(2345.947)𝑆𝑖𝑛 47°15′
=
1745.15
= 0.987

<E =80°47°

Since the sum of interior angles of ADE should equal to 180°

<A = 180° - (<D +<E)= 180° - (47°15’+ 80°47’)

<A = 51°58’
About station E Figure:7.4A

ßEA = 180- (<E + 30°26’) = 180 - (80°47’ + 30°26’)

= 68°47’ (therefore the bearing of line EA is N 68°47’)

By Sine Law
𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝐴 (𝐸𝐴)𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴
= ; 𝐷𝐸 =
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐷 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐷
(1745.15)𝑆𝑖𝑛 51°58′
𝐷𝐸 =
𝑆𝑖𝑛 47°15′

= 1871.890m (Length of line DE)

Example 3: Case 2 (TWO UNKNOWN LENGTH)

LATITUDES DEPARTURE
LINE LENGTH BEARING
+N -S +E -W
AB 645.35 N 10° 45’W 634.020 120.373
BC UNKNOWN N 58° 20’W -- --
CD UNKNOWN S 58° 45’W -- --
DE 574.25 S 03° 05’E 573.419 30.888
EA 1,082.71 S 89° 15’E 14.172 1082.617
SUM 634.020 587.591 1113.505 120.373

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UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

a) Determine the length and the bearing of the closing line

2 2
𝐿𝐷𝐴 = √𝛴𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑡 + 𝛴𝐸𝑑𝑒𝑝

𝐿𝐷𝐴 = √46.4292 + 993.1322

𝑳𝑫𝑨 = 𝟗𝟗𝟒. 𝟐𝟏𝟔𝐦 (Length of closing line BD)

−𝐸𝐷𝑒𝑝
Tanß𝐷𝐴 = −𝐸
𝑙𝑎𝑡
−(−993.132))
Tanß𝐷𝐴 =
−(−46.429)
ß𝑫𝑨 =87°19’
(Therefore, the bearing of the closing line BD is N 87°19’ W)

Figure:7.5
b) Determining the length of Line BC and CD.

<B = 180- (87°19’ + 58°20’) = 34°21

<C=58°20’ + 58°45’ = 117° 5’
<D =87°19’-58°45’ = 28°34’
SUM= 180°00’ (CHECKS)

By Sine Law
𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐷 𝐵𝐷
= =
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐷 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐶

𝐵𝐷 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐷
𝐵𝐶 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶

(994.216)𝑆𝑖𝑛 28°34′
=
𝑆𝑖𝑛(117°5′ ) Figure:7.5A
BC=533.967m (length of line BC)

𝐵𝐷 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵
𝐶𝐷 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶

(994.216)𝑆𝑖𝑛 34°21′
=
𝑆𝑖𝑛(117°5′ )

CD=630.074m (length of line CD)

Example:4 Case 3

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LATITUDES DEPARTURES
LINE LENGTH BEARING
+N -S +E -W
AB 1,089.54m S 76°58’E 245.710 1061.472
BC 1,582.25 S 19°10’W 1494.542 519.479
CD 1,243.15 S 73°15’W 358.271 1190.405
DE 2,510.28 UNKNOWN - -
EA 1,745.15 UNKNOWN - -
SUM -2098.523 1061.472 -1709.884

Solution:

a) Determine the length and the bearing of the closing line

2 2
𝐿𝐷𝐴 = √𝛴𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑡 + 𝛴𝐸𝑑𝑒𝑝

𝐿𝐷𝐴 = √2098.5232 + 648.4122

𝑳𝑫𝑨 = 𝟐𝟏𝟗𝟔. 𝟒𝟏𝟒𝐦

(Length of closing line AD)

−𝐸𝐷𝑒𝑝
Tanß𝐷𝐴 = −𝐸
𝑙𝑎𝑡
−(−648.412)
Tanß𝐷𝐴 =
−(−2098.523)
ß𝑫𝑨 =17°10’ Figure:7.6
Therefore, the bearing of the closing line BD is N 17°10’ E)

b) Determining bearings of lines DE and EA

By Cosine Law
𝑎 2 +𝑏2 −𝑐 2
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐶 and Cos C= 2𝑎𝑏
Let:
a= EA c= DA
b= DE <C= <E
𝐸𝐴2 +𝐷𝐸 2 −𝐷𝐴2
Cos E=
2(𝐸𝐴)(𝐷𝐸)
1745.152 +2510.282 −2196.4142
Cos E= 2(1745.15)(2510.28)
Cos E= 0.51620
< E=58°55’
By Sine Law:
Figure:7.6A
𝐸𝐴 𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝐴
= =
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐷 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐸
1745.15 2510.28 2169.414
= =
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐷 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑆𝑖𝑛 58°55′

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(1745.15)𝑆𝑖𝑛 58°55′
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐷 = = 0.68046
2196.414
< D = 42°52’
(2510.28)𝑆𝑖𝑛 58°55′
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 = = 0.97879
2196.414
< A = 78°10’

To check:

<A + <D + <E = 180°

78°10’ + 42°52’ + 58°55’=180
180=180 (checks)
About station D

ßDE = <D -17°1’ = 42°52’- 17°1’

ßDE = 25°51’ therefore the bearing of line DE is N 25°51’ W

About station E

ßEA = 58°55’+ 25°51’

ßEA = S84°46’ E

IV. Exercise

1. Below is a traverse given in the accompanying tabulations, the length of one side and the
bearing of an adjoining side are unknown. Determine these quantities.

a.) LINE LENGTH BEARING

AB 413.60 N 09°30’W
BC 305.56 N 55°06’W
CD 408.56 S 75°35’W
DE Unknown S 04°05’E
EA 649.56 UNKNOWN

2. In accompanying tabulations are observed data of traverse in which the length of two adjoining
length are unknown. Determine the unknown quantities

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LINE LENGTH BEARING

a.)
AB Unknown s 55°53’W
BC 571.45 S 02°05’E
CD 1085.41 Due East
DE 639.32 N 12°12’W
EA Unknown N 57°31’W

b.)

LINE LENGTH BEARING

AB 382.50 Due east

BC 248.45 S 89°25’E
CD Unknown S 27°45’W
DE 220.42 Unknown
EA 443.53 N 40°08’W
V. Quiz

Be ready for the Face to Face Quiz Next week: Exact date is to be announced once finalized.

Coverage: Missing Data and Area Computation

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