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Archi Surveys Module 5

The document discusses omitted measurements in closed traverses, explaining that while it is sometimes necessary to analytically determine missing lengths or directions, this practice should be avoided due to potential errors. It outlines various cases of omitted measurements, including those involving one side, adjoining sides, and non-adjacent sides, and provides sample problems with solutions to illustrate the principles. Key principles include maintaining unchanged latitude and departure when moving lines parallel and ensuring the algebraic sum of departures and latitudes equals zero in a closed traverse.

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Ace Ofrancia
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13 views6 pages

Archi Surveys Module 5

The document discusses omitted measurements in closed traverses, explaining that while it is sometimes necessary to analytically determine missing lengths or directions, this practice should be avoided due to potential errors. It outlines various cases of omitted measurements, including those involving one side, adjoining sides, and non-adjacent sides, and provides sample problems with solutions to illustrate the principles. Key principles include maintaining unchanged latitude and departure when moving lines parallel and ensuring the algebraic sum of departures and latitudes equals zero in a closed traverse.

Uploaded by

Ace Ofrancia
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MODULE 3 Chapter 3

OMITTED MEASUREMENTS
3.1 OMITTED MEASUREMENTS
During field observation, it is not possible or practical sometimes to determine the length
or direction of a line (or lines) within a closed traverse. These missing quantities may be
determined analytically to obtain a complete set of notes for the traverse as long as they
do not exceed two in number. However, the practice of omitting measurements for one or
more sides of a closed traverse and solving for them is not a desirable one and should be
avoided. The trouble with such calculation is that it tends to throw all possible errors and
mistakes into the computation of the lengths and directions.

The following are some of the more common types of omitted measurements:
1. OMITTED MEASUREMENTS ARE IN ONE SIDE
CASE: Length and bearing of one side unknown

2. OMITTED MEASUREMENTS INVOLVING ADJOINING SIDES


1st CASE: Length of one side and bearing of another side unknown
2nd CASE: Length of two sides unknown
3rd CASE: Bearing of two sides unknown

3. OMITTED MEASUREMENTS INVOLVING NON-ADJACENT SIDES


1st CASE: Length of one side and bearing of another side unknown
2nd CASE: Length of two sides unknown
3rd CASE: Bearing of two sides unknown

 FIRST PRINCIPLE: A Line may be moved from one location to second location parallel
with the first and its latitude and departure will remain unchanged.
 SECOND PRINCIPLE: The algebraic sum of the departures and latitudes of any system of
lines performing a closed traverse must be zero regardless of the order in which the lines are
placed,

SAMPLE PROBLEMS

Sample Problem No. 1


Length and bearing of one side unknown
COURSE LENGTH (m) BEARING
AB - -
BC 381.92 DUE WEST
CD 203.94 N 29°15’ E
DA 135.30 DUE EAST

1
Solution
Solve for Latitudes and Departures,

COURSE LENGTH (m) BEARING LAT (m) DEP (m)


AB
BC 381.92 DUE WEST 0 -381.92
CD 203.94 N 29°15’ E 177.94 99.65
DA 135.30 DUE EAST 0 153.30
∑ 𝑙𝑎𝑡 = 0 ∑ 𝑑𝑒𝑝 = 0

Determine Lat,
Ʃ𝐿𝑎𝑡 = 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝐴𝐵 + 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝐵𝐶 + 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝐶𝐷 + 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝐷𝐴 = 0
0 = 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝐴𝐵 + 0 + 177.94 + 0
𝐿𝑎𝑡𝐴𝐵 = −177.94 𝑚

Determine Dep,
Ʃ𝐷𝑒𝑝 = 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝐴𝐵 + 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝐵𝐶 + 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝐶𝐷 + 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝐷𝐴 = 0
0 = 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝐴𝐵 − 381.92 + 99.65 + 153.30
𝐷𝑒𝑝𝐴𝐵 = 128.97 𝑚

Solve for Length,


𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝐴𝐵 = √𝐿𝑎𝑡 2 + 𝐷𝑒𝑝2
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝐴𝐵 = √(−177.94)2 + (128.97)2
𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉𝑨𝑩 = 𝟐𝟏𝟗. 𝟕𝟔𝟑 𝒎 answer

Determine bearing,
128.97
∅ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
177.94
∅ = 𝑺 𝟑𝟓°𝟓𝟔. 𝟎𝟔′𝑬 answer

Sample Problem No. 2


Length of one side and bearing of another side unknown (Adjoining Sides)
LINE LENGTH (m) BEARING
AB 413.60 N 09°30’ W
BC 304.38 N 55°06’ W
CD 407.21 S 57°35’ W
DE - S 04°05’ E
EA 649.63 -

Solution
Solve for Latitudes and Departures,
LINE LENGTH (m) BEARING LAT (m) DEP (m)
AB 413.60 N 09°30’ W 407.93 -68.26
BC 304.38 N 55°06’ W 174.15 -249.64
CD 407.21 S 57°35’ W -218.29 -343.76
DE S 04°05’ E
EA 649.63

2
Consider line CL,
𝐿𝑎𝑡𝐶𝐿 = −407.93 − 174.15 + 218.29
= −363.79 𝑚
𝐷𝑒𝑝𝐶𝐿 = 68.26 + 249.64 + 343.76 = 661.66 𝑚
𝑪𝑳 = √(−363.79)2 + (661.66)2 = 𝟕𝟓𝟓. 𝟎𝟕𝟒 𝒎
661.66
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
363.79
𝜃 = 𝟔𝟏°𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟒𝟑′

Consider ADE

𝛽 = 61°11.84′ − 4°05′
𝛽 = 57°6.843′

USING SINE LAW


𝑠𝑖𝑛∝ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽
755.074
= 649.63

𝑠𝑖𝑛∝ 𝑠𝑖𝑛57°6.843′
755.074
= 649.63

∝= 77°26.208′

∅ = 180°−∝ −𝛽 = 45°26.949′
𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∝
=
𝐷𝐸 755.074
𝑠𝑖𝑛45°26.949 𝑠𝑖𝑛77°26.208
𝐷𝐸
= 755.074
𝑫𝑬 = 𝟓𝟓𝟏. 𝟐𝟖𝟕 𝒎 answer

3
𝛾 =∝ −04°05′
𝜸 = 𝑵 𝟕𝟑°𝟐𝟏. 𝟐𝟎𝟖′ 𝑬 answer

Sample Problem No. 3


Omitted measurement involving non-adjacent line
LINE LENGTH (m) BEARING
AB 353.62 N 51°47’ E
BC 199.81
CD 434.73 S 23°20’ W
DE N 19°25’ W
EA 220.50 N 56°04’ W

Solution
Solve for latitudes and departures of known,
LINE LENGTH (m) BEARING LAT (m) DEP (m)
AB 353.62 N 51°47’ E 218.76 277.83
BC 199.81
CD 434.73 S 23°20’ W -399.18 -172.19
DE N 19°25’ W
EA 220.50 N 56°04’ W 123.09 -182.95

Draw the figure,

4
Consider line CL,
𝐿𝑎𝑡𝐶𝐿 = −218.76 + 399.18 − 123.09 = 57.33 𝑚
𝐷𝑒𝑝𝐶𝐿 = −277.83 + 172.19 + 182.95 = 77.31 𝑚
𝐶𝐿 = √(57.33)2 + (77.31)2 = 𝟗𝟔. 𝟐𝟒𝟕 𝒎
77.31
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 57.33
𝜃 = 𝟓𝟑°𝟐𝟔. 𝟒𝟓𝟏′

Consider BCF

𝛽 = 53°26.451′ + 19°25′
𝛽 = 72°51.451′

USING SINE LAW


𝑠𝑖𝑛∝ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽
96.247
= 199.81

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛72°51.451′
96.247
= 199.81

𝛼 = 27˚24.362′

𝑩𝑬𝑨𝑹𝑰𝑵𝑮𝑩𝑪 = ∝ +𝟏𝟗°𝟐𝟓′ = 𝑺 𝟒𝟔°𝟒𝟗. 𝟑𝟔𝟐′ 𝑬 answer

∅ = 180° − 𝜃 − 𝐵𝐸𝐴𝑅𝐼𝑁𝐺𝐵𝐶 = 79°44.187′


𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽
𝐷𝐸
= 199.81 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝐷𝐸 = 𝐹𝐶

𝑠𝑖𝑛79°44.187′ 𝑠𝑖𝑛72°51.451′
=
𝐷𝐸 199.81

𝑫𝑬 = 𝟐𝟎𝟓. 𝟕𝟓𝟑 𝒎 answer

5
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