STE_S24
STE_S24
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Ans A Test Plan is a detailed document that describes the test strategy, objectives, schedule, 2 M for
estimation, deliverables, and resources required to perform testing for a software product. correct
Test Plan helps us determine the effort needed to validate the quality of the application definition
under test. The test plan serves as a blueprint to conduct software testing activities as a
defined process, which is minutely monitored and controlled by the test manager.
4) Negotiation skills
These defects may be due to the customer gap, where the customer is unable to define his
requirements.
Producer gap, where the developing team is not able to make a product as per requirements.
2. Design Defects:
Design defects occur when system components, interactions between system components,
interactions between the outside software/hardware, or users are incorrectly designed.
Design defects generally refer to the way of design creation or its usage while creating a
product.
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This defect arises when variables are not initialized properly, or variables are not declared
correctly, or database is not created properly.
Coding also needs adequate commenting to make it readable and maintainable in future.
4. Testing Defects:
These would encompass incorrect, incomplete, missing inappropriate test cases and test
procedures.
Ans Error: An error is a human action that produces the incorrect result. 1 M for
each
Defect: A defect is an error or a bug in the application which is created. A programmer definition
while designing and building the software can make mistakes or errors. These mistakes or
errors mean that there are flaws in thesoftware. These are called defects.
a) Write any four differences between quality assurance and quality control. 4M
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2.GUI stands for Graphical User Interface where you interact with the computer using
images rather than text.
• GUI testing is the process of testing the system's Graphical User Interface of the
Application Under Test.
• GUI testing involves checking the screens with the controls like menus, buttons,
icons, and all types of bars - toolbar, menu bar, dialog boxes and windows, etc.
• GUI is what the user sees. A user does not see the source code. The interface is
visible to the user.
• Especially the focus is on the design structure, images that they are working properly
or not.
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Ans Test summary Report: The final step in a test cycle is to recommend the suitability of a Correct
product for release. explanatio
n4M
A report that summarizes the result of a test cycle is the test summary report.
1. Phase wise test summary, which is produced at the end of every phase.
2. Final test summary report, which has all the details of testing done by all phases and
teams.
d) Differentiate between static and dynamic testing tools. (any four points) 4M
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The work product is reviewed by the The testing methods evaluate the
reviewer with the help of a checklist, product with respect to requirements
standards, any other artifact, knowledge, defined; designs created and mark it as
and experience, to locate the defect with ‘pass’ or ‘fail’.
respect to the established criteria.
a) Distinguish between white box testing and black box testing. (any four points) 4M
Ans Need of
The need of test deliverables for test planning include: Test
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Test Plan A test plan is a systematic approach to testing a system, i.e. software. The plan
typically contains a detailed understanding of what the eventual testing workflow will be.
Need of test plan:
• Test Plan Ensures all Functional and Design Requirements are implemented as
specified in the documentation.
• To provide a procedure for Unit and System Testing.
• To identify the documentation process for Unit and System Testing.
Ans Diagram-
Defect Management Process 1 M,
• Defects found during Verification and validation process in SDLC must be recorded Explanati
so that it helps in further analysis and root causes of the defect. on- 3 M
• The defects found during these phases are used to find weak areas of project /process so
that action can be initiated to strengthen it.
• Defect prevention is intended to remove the possibility of any defects before it occurs.
• Once the defect is fixed, retested and found to be closed, the product is created again.
• If the newly created product satisfies the acceptance criteria, it is base lined.
• A defect is said to be discovered when it is brought to the attention of the developers and
acknowledged (i.e., “Accepted”) to be valid one.
• Team should find defects before they become major problems. As soon as a team finds
the defects, they should report them so that those can be resolved.
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• Team should also make sure that defects should be acknowledged by developers and
should be valid one.
Defect Management Process: Defect Resolution
• Work by the development team to prioritize, schedule and fix a defect, and
document the resolution.
• This also includes notification back to the tester to ensure that the resolution is verified.
• All problems are due to failures in the process involved in creating software.
• Defects give an opportunity to identify the problem with process used and update them.
Test cases are executed manually Test cases are executed with the help of
tools
Time required to execute test cases is high Time required to execute test cases is low
Initial investment required for manual Initial investment for automation testing
testing is lower is higher
It is suitable for almost any software It is suitable only for stable systems and
product used mainly for regression.
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Ans 1 M for
diagram
3 M for
explanatio
n
Identifying the hardware, software, network configurations and tools available allows the
testing team to design the test and identify performance testing challenges early on.
In addition to identifying metrics such as response time, throughput and constraints, identify
what are the success criteria for performance testing.
Identify performance test scenarios that take into account user variability, test data, and
target metrics. This will create one or two models.
Prepare the elements of the test environment and instruments needed to monitor resources.
6.Execute Tests:
In addition to running the performance tests, monitor and capture the data generated.
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Ans People management in test planning involves coordinating and leading a team of testers to 1 M for
ensure that the testing process is efficient, thorough, and effective. each
aspect or
Below listed are some key aspects of people management in test planning: point
1. Team Composition: Assemble a diverse team with complementary skills and
experiences. Consider factors like technical expertise, domain knowledge, and
testing methodologies.
2. Clear Objectives: Communicate the objectives of the testing phase clearly to your
team. Ensure everyone understands the goals, scope, and expected outcomes of the
testing effort.
3. Assigning Roles and Responsibilities: Clearly define roles and responsibilities
within the testing team. Assign tasks based on individual strengths and expertise,
while also providing opportunities for skill development.
4. Setting Expectations: Establish clear expectations regarding timelines, quality
standards, and reporting mechanisms. Ensure everyone understands their individual
and collective responsibilities.
5. Effective Communication: Foster open and transparent communication within the
team. Encourage regular updates, discussions, and feedback sessions to address any
issues or challenges promptly.
6. Risk Management: Identify potential risks and challenges early in the planning
phase. Work with your team to develop mitigation strategies and contingency plans
to address any unforeseen issues during testing.
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3. Not reusable- The test cases created for manual testing apply to a specific version
of software, but when the updates are made these test cases will become unusable
and need to be rewritten. Which does not seem to be an effective use of resources
and can lead increase the time. thus, slowing the development process
4. Difficult to Measure: It is challenging to quantify the manual testing process since
there are no objective metrics provided by manual testing to assess the software's
quality. It is difficult to assess the efficiency of the testing process since it is difficult
to keep track of the quantity of test cases executed, errors discovered, and test
coverage attained.
Ans Acceptance testing is software testing that evaluates whether a system meets its business Descriptio
and user requirements. Acceptance Testing is a method of software testing where a system n of
is tested for acceptability. The major aim of this test is to evaluate the compliance of the Acceptan
system with the requirements and assess whether it is acceptable for delivery or not. ce testing
It is formal testing according to user needs, requirements, and business processes conducted -2M
to determine whether a system satisfies the acceptance criteria or not and to enable the users,
customers, or other authorized entities to determine whether to accept the system or not. Advantag
Acceptance Testing is the last phase of software testing performed after System Testing and es - 2 M
before making the system available for actual use.
Advantages of Acceptance Testing
1.This testing helps the project team to know the further requirements from the users
directly as it involves the users for testing.
2.Automated test execution.
3.It brings confidence and satisfaction to the clients as they are directly involved in the
testing process.
4.It is easier for the user to describe their requirement.
5.It covers only the Black-Box testing process and hence the entire functionality of the
product will be tested.
a) Prepare and write six test cases for Library Management System of college. 6M
Ans Test Test Case Actual Input Expected Actual Status 1 M for
Case Name output Output each valid
No test cases
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Ans The Client-Server application consists of two systems, one is the Client, and the other is the 2 M for
Server. Here, the client and server interact with each other over the computer network. any
relevant
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Component Testing
➢For testing Client and server individually approach and test plan need to be defined.
➢ One may have to devise simulators to replace corresponding components while testing
the component targeted by the test.
➢ When server is tested, we may need a client simulator, while testing of client may need
server simulator.
Integration Testing
➢After successful testing of servers, clients, and network, they are brought together to form
the system and system test cases are executed.
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➢ System performance is tested when number of clients are communicating with server at
a time.
➢ we can test the system under maximum load as well as normal load expected.
Concurrency Testing
➢ It may be possible that multiple users may be accessing same record at a time.
➢ When the client and server are communicating with each other, there exists a possibility
of breaking of the communication due to various reasons or failure of either client or server
or link connecting them.
➢ It may involve testing the scenario of such failure at different points in the system and
action taken by the system in each case.
➢ In client server application it may be expected that server is running 24*7 for extended
period.
➢ one need to conduct testing over an extended period to understand if service level of
network and server deteriorates over time due to some reasons.
Compatibility Testing
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Ans 6 M for
correct
explanatio
n
1. Meeting requirements
• There are plenty of tools available in the market, but rarely do they meet all the
requirements of a given product or a given organization.
• Evaluating different tools for different requirements involve significant effort, money, and
time.
• Wrong selection of a tool can lead to problems like lower efficiency and effectiveness of
testing may be lost. Selection criteria for testing tool
2. Technology expectations:
• Test tools in general may not allow test developers to extends/modify the functionality of
the framework
• So, extending the functionality requires going back to the tool vendor and involves
additional cost and effort.
• Different phases of a life cycle have different quality-factor requirements. Tools required
at each stage may differ significantly. Selection criteria for testing tool
3. Training/skills:
• While test tools require plenty of training, very few vendors provide the training to the
required level.
• As the user of the test suite are not only the test team but also the development team and
other areas like configuration management.
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4. Management aspects:
• A test tool increases the system requirement and requires the hardware and software to be
upgraded.
• Select affordable tools. Cost and benefits of various tools must be compared before making
final decision.
a) Explain the need of stubs and drivers with diagram and its importance in 6M
software testing.
Ans 2 M for
diagram,
2 M for
explanatio
n of stub
and
Driver
and 2 M
for
importanc
e of stub
and driver
Drivers: The module where the required inputs for the module under test are simulated for
the purpose of module or unit testing is known as a Driver module. The driver module may
print or interpret the result produced by the module under test.
Stubs: The module under testing may also call some other module which is not ready at the
time of testing. There is need of dummy modules required to simulate for testing, instead
of actual modules. These are called stubs.
Importance: Stubs and Drivers works as a substitute for the missing or unavailable
module. They are specifically developed, for each module, having different functionalities.
Generally, developers and unit testers are involved in the development of stubs and drivers.
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4 Features to be tested
• SCAN
ID CARD
DOCS
BOOK
QR CODE
• PROCESS FILES
• PDF TOOLS
• TOOLS
• SHARE
• MOVE/COPY
• RENAME
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6 Item Pass/Fail All test cases with high priority are closed with the
Criteria result - pass.
The test coverage is checked and sufficient, where
the criterion of sufficiency is not less than 99%
of the coverage of requirements by tests.
The test report was compiled and approved by the
team lead and customer.
8 Test Deliverables Test plan, test case specification, test case, test
summary report
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Test Engineer 2
PROCES
S FILES
14 Risks and
Contingencies • Insufficient human resources for testing the
Possible risks during application in deadlines.
testing
• Changing the requirements for the product
Test Manager
Quality Manager
c) Draw a diagram for defect life cycle and write example for defect template. 6M
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ID Def_01
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Attachments
Reported By abc
Assigned To xyz
Status Assigned
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