All Document Reader 1733829199396
All Document Reader 1733829199396
All Document Reader 1733829199396
CODE:GST04102
INTRODUCTION
Today we are living in the digital era. The era in which our computer
can answer almost any question. This era has forced every one to
know computer.
This chapter introduces you to computer and its basics.
WHAT IS COMPUTER?
When we think of a computer, we generally picture computer
hardware: the monitor, the keyboard, and the electronic circuitry
contained within the rectangular case.
There is more to a computer than this, however.
The missing element is software–the instructions that tell the
computer how to operate the hardware.
All computers must have these two components to function.
However, it is software that gives the computer one of its most
distinguishing characteristics—the ability to program a single machine
to perform many different functions
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?( Cont)
Monitors are where the text, images, and videos are displayed.
Some monitors may even have built-in speakers, much like televisions.
The older designs of computer monitors run off a technology called cathode
ray tube (CRT). As you can guess, those bulky and power-hungry displays have
been totally taken over by the slim and lightweight liquid crystal display (LCD)
or LED (light-emitting diode) displays. As shown in pictures.
DIFERRENT COMPUTER PARTS(CONT…)
3.Keyboard.
The keyboard is one of the most common input devices Which
used to enter data into the computer by typing.
In addition to keys that represent letters, numbers, and special
characters, keyboards often contain function keys, to which the
user can assign personalized commands, and special-purpose
keys, such as the enter key. Some keyboards contain a numeric
keypad (a set of keys in the form of a calculator keypad) that is
used for entering numbers conveniently and easily. Keyboards
may also have Internet keys, CD/DVD controls, and multimedia
keys.
While most keyboards are connected to the computer by a
cable, there are wireless keyboards that transmit their input by
means of infrared signals
The most common keyboard layout in the world is QWERTY (as
above), but depending on where you are in the world, the
DIFERRENT COMPUTER PARTS(CONT…)
4. MOUSE
A pointing device that we use to move the cursor on the screen,
the mouse buttons are used to interact with various on-screen
elements. A standard mouse these days will usually come with at
least 3 buttons (left, center, right) and a scroll wheel. Although
there are some mouse designs with a lot more buttons, and more
meant for the purpose of gaming.
DIFERRENT COMPUTER PARTS(CONT…)
5: PRINTER
A printer prints text, images, and whatever you want onto a piece
of paper’
Printer Convert Softcopy file into Hardcopy.
Basic Categories of Printer
1.IMPACT PRINTERS
Uses pressure by physically striking the paper. Ex. Daisy wheel
printers, line printers, dot matrix printers &
band printers.
DIFERRENT COMPUTER PARTS(CONT…)
2. NON-IMPACT PRINTER
Does not apply pressure on the paper but instead produces character by using lasers, ink spray,
photography or heat.
Laser printer
Dot matrix printer Inkjet printer
6.SCANNER
is an input device where you scan a piece of paper/document and
convert it into a digital image – Which can then be sent to other
people via email or fax.
Track point
Touch pad
Touch Screen
INPUT AND OUTPUT SYSTEM(cont..)
Scanning devices
Optical scanners
Card readers
Bar code readers
Character and mark recognition devices
Image Capturing Devices
Digital Cameras
Traditional keyboard
Flexible keyboards
Wireless keyboards
PDA keyboards
Touchpad. This input device is a small rectangular surface that
operates by means of pressure and motion, and allows the user to
perform all of the functions of a mouse by touch. Moving the
fingertip across the touch pad moves the cursor across the screen.
Tapping the touch pad acts as clicks and double-clicks. Touchpads
are most commonly found on laptop computers.
Pointing Stick. Like the touchpad, this pressure-sensitive input
device fills the role of the mouse in some laptops. It is shaped like a
pencil eraser and fits between keys in the keyboard. Moving the
pointing stick moves the cursor. This device is mostly found on
laptop older computers.
Output Devices
Output devices are all devices which are used for outputting information
from computer.
OR
Pieces of equipment that translate the processed information from the CPU
into a form that humans can understand.
OR
Media used by the computer in displaying its responses to our requests
and instructions.
Examples of Output Devices
Monitor
Plotter
Printer
Speaker
Projector
Headphone
Film Recorder
Microphone
software
Software: is instructions that tell the computer what to do
Types of software
Application software
System software
Application Software - helps end-users perform general purpose
tasks
System Software - enables application software to interact with
the computer
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
System Software is the software that controls everything that happens in a
computer, e.g. Operating System.
Background software, manages the computer’s internal resources
They Perform common computer hardware functions
1.Eg: Get input from keyboard
2.Provide a user interface
Command-based user interface (ms-dos)
Graphical-user interface (windows)
3.Provide a degree of hardware independence
Application program interface
4.Manage system memory
5.Convert logical view to physical view
SYSTEM SOFTWARE(CONT…)
Most important part of system software is operating system
Examples of operating systems:
Windows (XP, Vista, Seven, Eight and Ten), DOS, Apple, UNIX
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
6.Manage processing tasks
Allocate computer resources
Multitasking (run more than once application at a time)
Time-sharing (allow multiple access to a system)
Data Information
Computer
Knowledge