Pumps

AUXILIARY
MACHINERY
STCW Table A-III/1 and Table A-III/2
Function: Marine Engineering in Operational Level

Competence: Operate main and auxiliary machinery and

associated control systems
Operation, surveillance, Performance assessment and
maintaining safety of propulsion plant and auxiliary machinery
After completing this subject, the cadets will be able to learn:
Basic construction and operation principles of
machinery systems, including:
other auxiliaries, including various pumps, air compressor, purifier, fresh
water generator, heat exchanger, refrigeration, airconditioning and ventilation
systems
fluid flow and characteristics of lubricating oil, fuel oil and cooling systems
deck machinery
Operational characteristics of pumps and piping systems,
including control systems Operation of pumping systems:
routine pumping operations
operation of bilge, ballast and cargo pumping systems
Oily-water separators (or similar equipment) requirements and operation
Functions and mechanism of automatic control for

auxiliary machinery including but not limited to:
pumping and piping systems
cargo-handling equipment and deck machinery
Operation and maintenance of machinery, including
pumps and piping systems
Principles
DEFINITION
- is a device which adds energy to a fluid causing an increase in its
pressure and movement.
THEORY
- a pump does not draw up a liquid but rather creates vacuum on the
suction side allowing the atmospheric pressure to push the liquid into
the pump.
FUNCTION
- a pump is used to transfer fluid between two given points.
Losses
One must take into account the various losses of power supplied to a
pump. These are:
FRICTION LOSS – in bearings and glands, surfaces of impeller and
casing. Impellers should be highly polished to minimize friction loss
HEAD LOSS – in pump due to shock at every entry and exit to impeller
vane where eddies are formed at vane edges.
LEAKAGE LOSS – in thrust balance devices, gland sealing, clearance
between cutwater and casing and bearing seals.
Two Main Categories
1. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

2. ROTODYNAMIC PUMPS
BASIC DIFFERENCE
Positive displacement pumps are self- priming pumps whereas
rotodynamic pumps are not.
Classification of Positive Displacement Pumps
A. RECIPROCATING PUMPS
B. ROTARY PUMPS
- gear -screw
-vane -lobe
C. ROTARY-RECIPROCATING PUMPS
- radial piston pumps
- axial piston pumps
Positive Displacement Pumps
The output is almost directly proportional to speed.
The output is marginally reduced at increased pressure - usually there
is more slip with less viscous fluids.
The pump will develop a discharge pressure equal to the resistance to
be overcome regardless of the speed.
They are self-priming.
They can handle large amounts of vapour or entrained gases, which
enable them to deal with volatile or hot liquids.
When a pump is handling oil or other hazardous material any
discharge from the relief valve must be contained within the pumping
system
Most positive displacement pumps are fitted with a relief valve to
prevent excessive pressure on the discharge side.
Should an increase of pressure occurs in the discharge line, the relief
valve will activate and draws the excess pressure back to the suction
line.
PURPOSE OF AN AIR VESSEL FITTED TO THE DISCHARGE LINE
An air vessel is usually fitted to the discharge pipework to

dampen out the pressure variations during discharge.
As the discharge pressure rises the air is compressed in the

vessel and as the pressure falls, the air expands. The peak pressure
energy is stored in the air and returned to the system when the
pressure falls.
Rotary Pumps
Rotary pumps work by means of rotating parts which trap the liquid
at the suction side and force it through the discharge outlet.
They are like reciprocating pumps which works on the positive
displacement principle, that is, each rotation or each stroke delivers a
definite quantity of liquid.
These types of pumps are useful particularly in pumping oil and other
heavy , viscous liquids.
Rotary pumps are also used for non-viscous liquids, such as water or
gasoline where the pumping problem involves a high suction lift.
Rotary pumps are classified according to the type of rotating element:
GEAR PUMP – has two spur gears, which mesh together and revolve in
opposite directions. One is the driving gear and the other is the
driven gear.
- The gears draw the liquid into the suction side of the pump. The liquid
is then trapped in pockets formed by the gear teeth and the casing so
that it must follow along with the gear teeth. On the discharge side,
the gear is forced out by the meshing on the gears.
HERRINGBONE GEAR PUMP HELICAL GEAR PUMP
Is a modification of simple gear Another modification of simple
pump gear pump
One discharge phase begins The overlapping of successive
before the previous discharge discharges from spaces between
phase is entirely complete – this the teeth is even greater than
is termed as overlapping the herringbone gear pump
The overlapping tends to give a The discharge flow is even
steadier discharge pressure. smoother
Rotary Vane
Pump
Rotary Screw
Pump
Rotodynamic Pumps
A. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
- volute and diffuser type
- dynamo pumps with radial, axial and mixed flow
B. REGENERATIVE TURBINE PUMPS
- all turbine pumps
C. SPECIAL EFFECT PUMPS
- ejector -eductor - jet pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
Depend on centrifugal force which imparts a high velocity to the
liquid being pumped
The high velocity is largely converted to a static pressure in the pump
casing.
Consists of stationary pump casing and impeller on the rotating shaft
The casing is provided with suction, discharge and generally with
drain and vent connections.
The liquid is guided from the suction chambers of the casing to the
center or eye of the impeller.
The impeller imparts a radial and rotary motion to the water forcing it
to the outer casing called ‘VOLUTE’ where it leaves through the
discharge connection.
The purpose of the volute is to collect the liquid discharged from the
periphery of the impeller at high velocity and bring to a relatively low
velocity.
This action will efficiently convert most of the velocity to the static
pressure.
Single-entry
centrifugal pump
Single-entry Impeller
A single entry impeller rotates in a casing of a spiral or volute form
In multi-staged pumps, two or more impellers are fitted in the same shaft.
Fluid enters the impeller axially through the eye then, by centrifugal action,
continues radially and discharges around the entire circumference.
The fluid passes through the impeller services energy from the vanes giving
an increase of pressure and velocity
The kinetic energy of the discharging fluid is partly converted to pressure
energy by suitable design of impeller vanes and casing.
Double Entry Centrifugal Pumps
Fluid enters from two sides to the impeller eyes as if there are two
back-to-back impellers giving twice the discharge at a given head.
In multi-stage pumps, the fluid from one impeller is discharged via
suitable passages to the eye of the next impeller so that the total
head developed is the product of head per stage and the number of
stages
Centrifugal Pump Characteristics
The characteristics of the centrifugal pump depends mainly on the following
points:
1 – Flow and total head requirements – This will govern the speed of
rotation, impeller dimensions, number of impellers and type
2 – Range of temperature of fluid to be pumped – If suction capability is
insufficient to accommodate supply, e.g. due to high inlet temperature,
cavitation can occur.
3- Viscosity of the medium to be pumped
4- Type of medium- corrosive or non-corrosive, this would affect the choice
of material

Pumps

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pumps

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pumps

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

AUXILIARY

Function: Marine Engineering in Operational Level

Competence: Operate main and auxiliary machinery and

Functions and mechanism of automatic control for

1. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

An air vessel is usually fitted to the discharge pipework to

As the discharge pressure rises the air is compressed in the

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.