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    Carpentry_TLE-Reviewer

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    John Rafael Acuña

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    Carpentry_TLE-Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    John Rafael Acuña
    6 views66 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

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    6 views66 pages

    Carpentry_TLE-Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    John Rafael Acuña

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    T.L.

    E
    Carpentry
    Woodworking
    — The skills developed by the students in terms of
    measuring, cutting, framing, joining and finishing
    wood materials.
    — Woodworking is an ancient practice that
    involves crafting beautiful and functional objects
    from wood using various tools and techniques.
    — Woodworking is the skill of making items from
    wood, and includes cabinetry, furniture making, wood
    carving, joinery, carpentry, and woodturning.
    Carpentry
    — Carpentry is the term commonly referring to
    technology and science of cutting, fitting, and
    assembling related materials for structural woodwork.

    Carpenter
    — A builder or a skilled craftsman who performs
    carpentry works.
    Carpentry (Woods)
    — Woods Are by-product of trees which are used for
    carpentry projects.
    Carpentry (Types of Woods)
    — Lumber - woods that came from trees, either softwood or
    hardwood.
    — Yard Lumber – prepared lumber for variety of uses. Select
    and common that comes in different sizes and length.
    — Softwood – it comes from the evergreen or needle bearing
    trees. These are called conifers because many of them bear
    cones.
    — Hardwood – it comes from broad leafed (deciduous) trees
    that shed their leaves at the end of the season.
    — Select grade – is lumber of good appearance that can take
    different finishes such as stain, paint, and enamel.
    — Common grade – it is suitable for rough carpentry. It is
    not of finishing quality. (eg. Coco Lumber)
    Carpentry (Parts of a Wood)
    — Sapwood – the part of the wood that is close to the
    bark
    — Heartwood – inner part of the wood which is made up
    of accumulated dead cells.
    — Cambium layer – a thin layer that divides the inner
    part of the wood and the bark.
    Carpentry (Parts of a Wood)
    — [a] Sapwood
    — [b] Heartwood
    — [c] Cambium layer
    Carpentry (Parts of a Wood)
    — Layers
    Carpentry (Lumber Defects)
    — Split or Check is a lengthwise separation of the wood
    along the grain like small crack or split
    Carpentry (Lumber Defects)
    — Knot is a branch or limb of a tree that has been
    exposed when the log is cut.
    Carpentry (Lumber Defects)
    — Pitch Pocket – internal cavity that contains resinous
    materials. (usually attracts ants)
    Carpentry (Lumber Defects)
    — Stain – discoloration of the wood surface
    Carpentry (Lumber Defects)
    — Shake – separation between the annual growth rings.
    Carpentry (Lumber Defects)
    — Defects
    Carpentry (Quality of wood)
    —S2S – planed or smooth on two sides
    —S4S – planed or smooth on four sides
    —S3S – planed or smooth on two sides and one edge
    Carpentry (Unit of Measurement of wood)
    — The unit of measure for lumber is “board foot”.

    —(T” x W” x L’ )/ 12

    — How many board feet are there in 7 pieces of 2” x


    4” x 12’ lumber?
    — 56 bd. ft.
    Carpentry (Wood Preparation)
    — Seasoning – the process of drying the wood in
    preparation for use.
    — Air Seasoning (Sun Dried) – filling the wood in open air
    — Kiln Seasoning (Kiln Dried) – the used of oven to dry wood
    — Treated – Use of Chemical compound before seasoning
    — The approximate moisture content of drying
    hardwood for home furniture is
    — 20 % for softwood, 6-12 % for hardwood
    Carpentry (Finishing)
    — Scraper is tool made of steel. It is used to produce
    a very smooth surface.
    Carpentry (Finishing)
    — Wood Fillers - this are
    used to eliminate deep
    cuts and holes in your
    finished project, so that
    surface can be made even
    and smooth.
    Carpentry (Finishing)
    — Stain - is a wood finishing material; derived from
    different color of woods such as walnut, mahogany
    and natural color.
    Carpentry (Finishing)
    — Shellac - a finishing material came from gums
    substance of insects.
    Carpentry (Finishing)
    — Varnish - a finishing
    material when applied
    produces high glossy
    finish to a project. It
    came in different
    forms, from gum,
    linseed oil, resin,
    turpentine and or
    chemical drier.
    Carpentry (Joints)
    — Joinery is the process of putting the work together
    depending on what kind of project or object of wood the
    carpenter is making.

    — Wood joints also depend on the strength required for the


    woodwork being made.
    Carpentry (Joints)
    — Butt joint – the simplest type of wood joint wherein the end of one
    piece is fastened to the surface or edge of other piece.
    Carpentry (Joints)
    — Miter joint – the corners are cut usually at 45 degrees and joined
    forming right angle. Usually intended for making frames because of
    neatness in appearance.
    Carpentry (Joints)
    — Dovetail – used on the corners of drawers and chairs. (“Kaltas”)
    — - Notable for its resistance from being pulled apart.
    Carpentry (Joints)
    — Mortise and Tenon – is one of the strongest joint used for quality
    chairs, tables and benches for it provides good reinforcement. (Force
    Fitting)
    Carpentry (Joints)
    — Dado - is a groove that runs on board and receives the end or edge of
    the second board. (“TnG”)
    Carpentry (Joints)
    — Rabbet - is a wood joint commonly used for making frames to hold
    glass in constructing drawers and other cabinetwork.
    Carpentry (Common Tools)
    •Push-Pull Steel Tape Rule - steel tape is assembled in a fixed casing and
    retracts automatically by spring.
    Carpentry (Common Tools)
    Knife is used when you know that the marks will disappear.
    Carpentry (Common Tools)
    Try Square - is use for testing the squareness of two surfaces.

    Woodworking tool used to mark a line at 90 degrees to


    the edge of the wood or finding "square".
    Carpentry (Common Tools)
    Marking Gauge - it is used in laying out and marking the thickness
    and width of stock.
    Carpentry (Common Tools)
    Sliding T Bevel - this tool can be set to lay out any angle.
    Carpentry (Common Tools)
    Scratch awl is used to lay out positions for drilling and boring holes.
    Carpentry (Common Tools)
    Dividers are used for dividing space equally, transferring
    measurements and scribing arcs and circles.
    Carpentry (Holding Tools)
    Bench Vise is used for holding a work of piece to allow work to be
    performed in it.
    Carpentry (Holding Tools)
    Clamp is used for gluing up large surfaces, edge to edge and for
    clamping parts together when assembling projects.
    Carpentry (Holding Tools)
    Brace – it is used for holding auger bits, fastener bits and other tools
    with rectangular shape shanks to drill holes on woods manually.
    Carpentry (Cutting Tools)
    Long crosscut saw – it is used in cutting large and round timber.
    Carpentry (Cutting Tools)
    Rip saw – it is designed in sawing along the grain.
    Carpentry (Cutting Tools)
    Crosscut saw – it is designed in cutting across the grain. The shape of
    the teeth is similar to knife blades.
    Carpentry (Cutting Tools)
    Backsaw – it has stiff blades for more accurate work both on the bench
    and the vise.
    Carpentry (Cutting Tools)
    Hack saw – is used to cut metal.
    Carpentry (Cutting Tools)
    Coping saw – used in cutting irregular shapes.
    Carpentry (Cutting Tools)
    Keyhole saw – used in cutting circle shape in a wood.
    Carpentry (Smoothening Tools)
    Plane - it is used in reducing the thickness or width of a piece of wood
    and for smoothing surfaces
    Carpentry (Smoothening Tools)
    Spokeshave – it is used to plane convex and concave edges
    Carpentry (Smoothening Tools)
    Chisels and gouges – it is used in cutting edge and carving of woods.
    Carpentry (Boring Tools)
    Auger bits – it is designed for boring holes in woods.
    Carpentry (Boring Tools)
    Brace – it is used for holding auger bits and other tools with rectangular
    shape shanks.
    Carpentry (Boring Tools)
    Hand drill – a set of twist drills used for drilling both metal and wood.
    Carpentry (Boring Tools)
    Gimlet – it is a small brace bit fitted with a box wood handle. It is used
    in boring holes with small diameter.
    Carpentry (Driving Tools)
    Claw Hammer – it is used in driving and pulling nails.
    Carpentry (Driving Tools)
    Mallet – it is made of wood and it is used in driving chisels with
    wooden handles. Oftentimes with rubber or hard plastic tip.
    Carpentry (Driving Tools)
    Ball Peen Hammer – it has a round knob at the back of the hammer. It
    is used in metal work
    Carpentry (Holding Tools)
    — Vise is used for holding a work of piece to allow work to be performed in it.
    — Clamp is used for gluing up large surfaces, edge to edge and for clamping parts
    together when assembling projects.
    — Brace – it is used for holding auger bits, fastener bits and other tools with
    rectangular shape shanks.
    Carpentry (Cutting Tools)
    — Long crosscut saw – it is used in cutting large and round timber.
    — Rip saw – it is designed in sawing along the grain.
    — Crosscut saw – it is designed in cutting across the grain. The shape of
    the teeth is similar to knife blades.
    — Backsaw – it has stiff blades for more accurate work both on the bench
    and the vise.
    — Hack saw – is used to cut metal.
    — Coping saw – used in cutting irregular shapes.
    — Keyhole saw – used in cutting circle shape in a wood.
    Carpentry (Smoothening Tools)
    — Plane - it is used in reducing the thickness or width of a piece of wood
    and for smoothing surfaces
    — Spokeshave – it is used to plane convex and concave edges.
    — Chisels and gouges – it is used in cutting edge and carving of woods.
    Carpentry (Boring Tools)
    — Auger bits – it is designed for boring holes in woods.
    — Brace – it is used for holding auger bits and other tools with rectangular
    shape shanks.
    — Drill – a set of twist drills used for drilling both metal and wood.
    — Gimlet – it is a small brace bit fitted with a box wood handle. It is used
    in boring holes with small diameter.
    Carpentry (Driving Tools)
    — Mallet – it is made of wood and it is used in driving chisels with
    wooden handles.
    — Claw Hammer – it is used in driving and pulling nails.
    — Ball Peen Hammer – it has a round knob at the back of the hammer. It
    is used in metal work.
    Sample Question 1
    — What computational formula is used to compute for the
    measurement of wood in board feet?

    — A.) (T” + W” + L’ )* 10
    — B.) (T” x W” x L’ )/ 10
    — C.) (T” - W” - L’ )/ 12
    — D.) (T” x W” x L’ )/ 12
    Sample Question 2
    — How much will Mr. Policarpio pay if he purchase 14 pieces
    of 2x2x10 of lumber and the prices per board foot is Php
    12.50?
    Bd.ft= (T” x W” x L’ )/ 12
    Bd.ft= (2 x 2 x 10) /12
    Bd.ft= 3.33

    Total Amount = (3.33 Bd.ft x 14 pcs ) x Php12.50


    — A.) Php 41.66 Total Amount = (46.66 Bd.ft) x Php 12.50
    Total Amount = Php 583.33
    — B.) Php 583.33
    — C.) Php 46.66
    — D.) Php 653.33
    Sample Question 3
    — What kind of joint in carpentry is illustrated below?

    — A.) Mortise & Tenon


    — B.) Dovetail
    — C.) Milter joint
    — D.) Dado
    Sample Question 4
    — What kind of Lumber defect is shown below?

    — A.) Split
    — B.) Shake
    — C.) Pitch Pocket
    — D.) Stain
    Sample Question 5
    — This is a finishing material came from gums substance of
    insects.

    — A.) Wood Stain


    — B.) Shellac
    — C.) Varnish
    — D.) Paint

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