IAM micro project edited by Yash

Introduction:-
The DC generator which works on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction

Similarly, the asynchronous merce also works on the same principle hur the only
difference is this generator gives a 3-phase AC output voltage from stato
windings whereas the DC generator gives the output like a DC or a single DC The
first synchronous generator was used in the year 1870 when the arg lamp was
invented by PN. Jablachkov which is named the Jablochkov candle.
They are known as synchronous generators because the frequency of the
induced voltage in the stator (armature conductors) conventionally measured in
hertz. Is directly proportional to RPM, the rotation rate of the rotor usually given
in revolutions per minute for angular speed).
If the motor windings are arranged in such a way as to produce the effect of
more than two magnetic poles, then each physical revolution of the rator results
in more magnetic poles moving past the armature windings.
Each passing of a north and south pole corresponds to a complete “cycle” of a
magnet field oscillation. Therefore, the constant of proportionality is where P is
the number of magnetic rotor poles (almost always an even number), and the
factor of 120 comes comes from 60 seconds per minute and two poles in a single
magnet.
• What is Synchronous Generator?
Definition:-
A synchronous machine that works like a generator is known an a synchronous
generator and also called an alternator. The main function of this generator is to
generate commercial frequency crest frequently hy converting the mechanical
energy from the main mover to an AC electrical energy at a specific frequency &
voltage These generators are used in the power industry in thermal power,
hydropower, and generation of power in muclear & diesel.
These generators are applicable for changeable speed wind turbine applications
because of less revolving synchronous speeds. At a grid frequency, they generate
the voltage and they don’t require a pitch control machine. This machine will
increase the turbine cost and makes pressure on the generator as well as the
turbine. The operation of these generators in changeable speed will produce
variable frequency. Power as well as variable voltage .
• Construction :-
The construction of a synchronous generator is shown below. The main
parts of this motor mainly include a stator as well as a motor. But in most
of these generates, field exciters revolve and the armature coil will be
immobile
• Stator :-
The stator of this generator is not used to serve lune for magnetic flux. As un
alternative. The stator is utilized to hold armature winding. The stator core can
be designed with a magnetic on otherwise steel alloys lamination to reduce the
oddy current lossesIn synchronous generator, armature winding is stationary
because of simple immobile armature winding insulation at high voltages, which
may be high like30 kV or above.
The output of high voltage is directly received from the motionless
armatureWhereas, for a rotating armature, there is a huge brush contact strup
at highVoltages, and also the flashing at the surface of the brush will occur Field
exciter wanding can be arranged within a rotor as well as the low DCVoltage is
transmitted securely.
The armature winding can be braced well, so as to prevent deformation caused
by the high centrifugal force.
• Rotor :-
In the synchronous generator, there are two kinds of rotors used namely Salent
type and cylindrical type.Salient pole motor can be used in alternators with low
& medium speed. In type.
At includes a large number of salient poles attached to a magnetic wheel. These
are covered to reduce the eddy current losses. These rotors have large diameters
and short wavelength Cylindrical rotors are mainly used in high-speed
alternators like turbo- alternators.
This for includes a flat as well as a soid steel cylinder with slots. And an external
periphery. These slots consist of fold windings.
1. Salient Pole Rotor :-

The term salient means projecting. Hence, a salient pole rotor consists of poles
projecting out from the surface of the rotor care. This whole arrangement is fixed
to the shaft of the alternator as shown in the figure. The individual field pole
windings are connected in series such that when the field winding is energised
by the DC excider the adjacent poles have opposite polarities
The salient pole type rotor is used in the low and medium speed (from 120 to
400 RPM) alterators such as those driven by the diesel engines or water rhines
becmise of the following reasons
The construction of salient pole type rotor cannot be mode strong enough to
withstand the mechanical stresses to which they may be subjected at higher
speed.
If the saliem field pole type rotor is driven at high speed, then it would cause
windage loss and would tend to produce noise.
Low speed rotors of the alternators possess a large diameter to provide the
necessary space for the poles. As a result, the salient pole type rotors have large
diameter and short axial length.
2 . Cylindrical Rotor :-
The cylindrical rotors are made from solid forgangs of high grade nickel-chrome-
molybdenum steel The construction of the cylindrical rotor is such that there are
no-physical poles to be seen as in the salient pole rotor.
In about two-third of the outer periphery of the cylindrical rotor, slots are cut at
regular intervals and parallel to the rotor shaft.
The field wandings are placed in these sluts and is excited by DC supply. The field
winding is of distrilnted type.
The unslotted portion of the rotor forms the pole facesIt is clear from the figme
of the cylindrical rotor that the poles formed are non- salient, ie, they do not
project out from the rotor surface.
The cylindrical type rotor construction is used in the high-speed (1500 w 3000
RPM) alternators such as those driven by steam turbines because of the
following reuse-
The cylindrical type cotor construction provides a greater mechanical strength
and permits more accurate dynamic balancing gives noiseless operation at high
speeds because of the uniform air gap.
The flux distribution around the periphery of the roene is nearly a sine wave and
bence a better EMF waveform is obtained a cylindrical rotor alternator has a
comparatively small diameter and long axal length.
The cylindrical rotor alternators are called turbo-alternators or turbo-
generators. The alternator with cylindrical rotor have always horizontal
configuration installation.
3 .Working Principle :-
The synchronous generator working principle is the same as a DC generator. It

uses Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. This law states that when the
flow of current is induced within the conductor in a magnetic field then there
will be a relative motion among the conductor as well as the magnetic field.
In synchronous generator, the magnetic field is immobile & conductor will tate.
However, in practical construction armature conductors are motionless & field
magnets will rotate between them.
The rotor in the synchronous generator can be fixed mechanically toward the
shaft to tum at synchrous speed (Ns) under some mechanical force which
consequences. In magnetic flux cutting in the stationary armature conductors of
the stator. Due to this direct flox cutting result, an induced e.m.f and flow of
current will he there in armature conductors. For each winding, diere will be a
current flow in the first half cycle after that in the second half cycle with a specific
time lag of 120.
4 . Synchronous Generator Characteristics :-

Synchronous generates load characteristics are shown below. When
the speed and exciting current are constant, then the thermal voltage
will be changed along with the load current within the armature. The
load characteristics can be defined as the main relationship between
the load current & the thermal voltage of the synchronous generator.
As the armature current rises. Then the terminal voltage talls because of
resistance as well as rectance in armature winding, and armature reaction. The
graphical representation of load characteristics is shown below,
5. Excitation :-
The synchronous generator excitation can be defined as the assembly of flux
through flowing current within the field winding. The excitation system is the
system that is used for the excitation of the synchronous system. Direct current
is necessary for exciting the field winding of the rotor within the machine, DC
supply can be given to the field of the rotor in the tiny machine through a DC
generator known as Exciter. A mini DC generator like a palot generator provides
the supply to the exciter. Both the exciter & pilot exciter are placed on the main
shaft of the generator.
The main exciter’s DC output can be provided to the field winding in the
machine through slip rings & brushes, In small generators, the pilot exciter is
Climated .
6. Applications of Synchronous Generator :-
The applications of synchronous generator include the following
1. is used in the systems wherever stable speed is necessary

2.It is used to preserve the power factor (PP) of the system.
3.It is used in power generation plants because of stable frequency.
Thus, this is all about an overview of the alternator or synchronous generator An
alternate name of this generator is an alternator and the main function of this is
to change the power from mechanical to electrical. The electrical supply which
is used in homes is mostly generated through this generator. Here is a question
for you, what are the advantages of the synchronous generator
7. Survey according to https://www.indiamart.com :-

A) AC Synchronous Generator, for Industrial 20,000/ piece
Product Specification
Application – Industrial
Conditions - New
Product Description:-
With our expertise and trustworthiness, we are engaged in offering an optimum
quality range of AC Synchronous Generator Seller.
8. Kva Three Phase Synchronous Generator, For Power 3.65 Lakh/unit
Product Specification
Power - 7.5 kva
Fuel Type - Diesel
Phases - 3phase
Application - power
Product Description
Manufacturer state of the art, self excited, self regulated and dependable
generators which are reliable sources of power by deploying superior
techniques and processes in cach specialized field of design, material
specifications, procurement. Testing and packing.

IAM micro project edited by Yash

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IAM micro project edited by Yash

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

IAM micro project edited by Yash

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Introduction:-

The DC generator which works on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction

1. Salient Pole Rotor :-

The synchronous generator working principle is the same as a DC generator. It

4 . Synchronous Generator Characteristics :-

1. is used in the systems wherever stable speed is necessary

7. Survey according to https://www.indiamart.com :-

8. Kva Three Phase Synchronous Generator, For Power 3.65 Lakh/unit

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.