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Acceleration class note

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7 views3 pages

Acceleration class note

Uploaded by

debnathshreosi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

Definition of Acceleration: Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an


object with respect to time. It describes how quickly an object speeds up, slows
down, or changes direction.
Formula:
Where:
 = acceleration (in meters per second squared, )
 = change in velocity (in meters per second, )
 = time interval (in seconds, )
Key Points:
 Acceleration is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and
direction.
 Positive acceleration indicates an increase in velocity.
 Negative acceleration (or deceleration) indicates a decrease in velocity.

2. Types of Acceleration:
1. Uniform Acceleration:
o The acceleration remains constant over time.

o Example: An object in free fall near Earth's surface (ignoring air


resistance).
2. Non-uniform Acceleration:
o The acceleration changes over time.

o Example: A car slowing down as it approaches a traffic light.

3. Centripetal Acceleration:
o Acceleration directed towards the center of a circular path.

o Occurs when an object moves in a circular motion.

o Formula: , where is the speed and is the radius of the circular path.

3. Relationship Between Acceleration, Velocity, and Displacement:


1. Equations of Motion (for uniform acceleration):
o

o
o

Where:
o : initial velocity

o : final velocity

o : acceleration

o : displacement

o : time

4. Examples and Applications of Acceleration:


1. Free Fall:
o An object dropped near Earth accelerates downward at due to gravity.

2. Vehicles:
o Cars accelerating or decelerating during driving.

o Airplanes taking off or landing.

3. Sports:
o A sprinter accelerating at the start of a race.

o A ball being hit, thrown, or caught.

5. Graphical Representation of Acceleration:


1. Velocity-Time Graph:
o A straight line with a slope indicates constant acceleration.

o A curved line indicates changing acceleration.

2. Acceleration-Time Graph:
o A horizontal line indicates uniform acceleration.

o A varying line indicates non-uniform acceleration.

6. SI Unit of Acceleration: The SI unit of acceleration is (meters per second


squared).
7. Important Notes:
 Zero acceleration means the object is moving at a constant velocity.
 Acceleration due to gravity near Earth's surface is always , directed
downward.

Practice Problem: A car accelerates from rest to a velocity of in seconds. What is


its acceleration?
Solution: Given: , ,
Acceleration = .

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