Do you always

take photo/s?

Why?
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What is your often
subject?

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What is your most
treasured photo?

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PHOTOGRAPHY
01 What is Photography 06 Elements and Principles
of Photography (Video)
Brief History and
02 The People Who
Made It Succeed
3 Fundamental Camera
03
Settings You Should Know

04 Photography FAQs

05 Photography As An Art 07 Techniques in

Form Photography

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WHAT IS PHOTOGRAPHY?

The word Photography

literally means 'drawing with light',
which derives from the Greek
photo, meaning light and graph,
meaning to draw.

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WHAT IS PHOTOGRAPHY?
Photography is the art of
capturing light with a camera,
usually via a digital sensor or film,
to create an image.
With the right camera
equipment, you can even
photograph wavelengths of light
invisible to the human eye,
including UV, infrared, and radio.

MY PHOTOGRAPHY WORK 7
The History of Photography Timeline

4th Century BC Aristotle describes the camera obscura

Joseph Nicéphore Nièpce takes the first preserved
1826
camera photograph
1839 Daguerre and Niépce present the daguerreotype
William Henry Fox Talbot develops the negative-positive
ca. 1841
process
1851 Frederick Scott Archer introduces the collodion process
1889 George Eastman presents the film strip (Kodak)
Leica releases the first small-format camera with 35mm
1925
film
Invention of color film (Kodak: Kodachrome, Agfa:
1936
Agfacolor)
The first Polaroid camera delivers instant images using
1948
quick development process
The first aperture priority camera hits the market (Agfa
1956
Automatic 66)
1963 Canon presents the first camera with autofocus
1974 Rollei produces the first fully-automatic camera
End of the 1900s Transition from analog to digital photography
 The first permanent photograph was captured in 1826 (some sources say 1827) by
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in France. It shows the roof of a building lit by the sun.

“View from the Window at Le Gras”

by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
 We’ve come a long way since then.

Image by NASA (public domain)

BRIEF HISTORY AND THE PEOPLE
WHO MADE IT SUCCEED
 Color photography started to become popular and
accessible with the release of Eastman Kodak’s
“Kodachrome” film in the 1930s. Before that, almost
all photos were monochromatic – although a handful
of photographers, toeing the line between chemists
and alchemists, had been using specialized
techniques to capture color images for decades
before.
 These scientist-magicians, the first color
photographers, are hardly alone in pushing the
boundaries of one of the world’s newest art forms.
The history of photography has always been a history
of people – artists and inventors who steered the field
into the modern era.

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 JOSEPH NICÉPHORE NIÉPCE

•Invention: The first permanent photograph

(“View from the Window at Le Gras,” shown
earlier)
•Where: France, 1826
•Impact: Cameras had already existed for
centuries before this, but they had one
major flaw: You couldn’t record a photo
with them! They simply projected light onto
a separate surface – one which artists used
to create realistic paintings, but not strictly
photographs. Niépce solved this problem
by coating a pewter plate with, essentially,
asphalt, which grew harder when exposed
to light. By washing the plate with lavender
oil, he was able to fix the hardened
substance permanently to the plate.
 LOUIS DAGUERRE

Invention: The Daguerreotype (first

commercial photographic material)
Where: France, 1839
Impact: Daguerreotypes are images
fixed directly to a heavily polished
sheet of silver-plated copper. This
invention is what really made
photography a practical reality –
although it was still just an expensive
curiosity to many people at this point.
The first time you see a daguerreotype
in person, you may be surprised just
how sharp it is.
 ALFRED STIEGLITZ
Genre: Portraiture and documentary
Where: United States, late 1800s
through mid 1900s
Impact: Alfred Stieglitz was a
photographer, but, more importantly,
he was one of the first influential
members of the art community to take
photography seriously as a creative
medium. He believed that
photographs could express the artist’s
vision just as well as paintings or music
– in other words, that photographers
could be artists. Today’s perception of
photography as an art form owes a lot
to Stieglitz.
 DOROTHEA LANGE
Genre: Portrait photography
Where: United States, 1930s
Impact: One of the most prominent
documentary photographers in
history, and the photographer
behind one of the most influential
images of all time (shown below), is
Dorothea Lange. If you’ve ever
seen photos from the Great
Depression, you’ve seen some of
her work. Her photos shaped the
field of documentary photography
and showed the camera’s
potential for telling powerful stories
perhaps more than anyone else.
Migrant Mother
(Dorothea Lange’s most famous photograph)
 ANSEL ADAMS

Genre: Landscape photography

Where: United States
When: 1920s to 1960s (for most of his
work)
Impact: Ansel Adams is perhaps the
most famous photographer in history,
which is remarkable because he
mainly took pictures of landscapes
and natural scenes. (Typically,
famous photographers have tended
to photograph people instead.)
Ansel Adams helped usher in an era
of realism in landscape photography,
and he was an early champion of
the environmentalism and
“The Tetons and the Snake River,” by
preservation movements in the Ansel Adams.
United States.
3 FUNDAMENTALS OF CAMERA SETTINGS
Shutter speed:
The amount of time your camera sensor is exposed to the
outside world while taking a picture.

It is the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes.

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A fast shutter speed creates a
shorter exposure — the amount of
light the camera takes in — while
a slow shutter speed gives the
photographer a longer exposure.

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3 FUNDAMENTALS OF CAMERA
SETTINGS

Aperture:
Represents a “pupil” in your lens that can
open and close to let in different amounts
of light.

Aperture controls the amount of light that

enters your camera.

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MY PHOTOGRAPHY WORK 22
 ISO:
Technically a bit more complex behind the
scenes, but similar to the sensitivity of film for
taking pictures in different lighting
conditions.

Also similar to brightening or darkening a

photo in post-processing.

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The ISO setting is one of three elements used to control
exposure; the other two are f/stop and shutter speed.

ISO originally referred to the sensitivity of film — it's "light

gathering" ability.

What is a good ISO for camera?

 100 or 200 is the best ISO for a sunny day or

bright setting with lots of light.
 400 ISO for cloudy days or indoor shots.
 800 ISO for indoors without an external light.
 1600+ ISO for low light situations.

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Equipment: Nikon Z6 II + Nikon Z 20mm f/1.8.
Settings: 20 second shutter speed,
f/2.0 aperture, ISO 1600
 Photography FAQs
What is the purpose of
photography? What are the types of
photography?
The purpose of photography can vary There are many different types of
depending on what the photographer photography, such as
is trying to achieve. landscape, macro, wildlife,
portrait, documentary, fashion,
For example, documentary and news travel and event photography.
photographers capture images for the
purpose of providing detailed account
of actual events, while hobbyist
photographers aim to capture life
moments with their families and friends.

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 Photography FAQs
Who took the first selfie?
What makes a great photo?
The first photographic portrait A great photograph should
ever taken was a self-portrait, have good light, subject,
or a “selfie”. It was captured and composition – the three
in 1839 by Robert Cornelius, elements that matter the
most in photography. The
an amateur chemist and photographer should have
photography enthusiast from a strong vision, then express
Philadelphia. it in the most effective way
possible

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 Photography FAQs
What is the most common type of What is the oldest
photography? photograph?
There are a number of The oldest photograph,
photography genres that are “View from the Window at
very popular today. These Le Gras”, was captured by
include portrait, landscape, Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in
architecture, fashion, food, 1826 or 1827.
sports, wildlife, macro, street,
event and documentary
photography.

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PHOTOGRAPHY
AS AN ART

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5 REASONS WHY PHOTOGRAPHY IS
AN ART FORM
 Photography requires
imagination and creativity
Getting that perfect shot requires
varying levels of creativity and lots
of imagination, and this is a widely
accepted knowledge.

Photographers know that they

should capture ordinary things and
find many ways to present it to the
world through extraordinary stills.

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 Photography captures emotions
What separates artistic photos from
ordinary snaps are the timing and
anticipation of small details of the big
moments. These small details are where
the powerful emotions reside, and
experienced photographers know this. It’s
the peaceful moments in a noisy world is
what really counts.

The perfect smiles, the calm before the

storm, the water droplets, and the
sparkling eyes before the groom kisses the
bride; these are some of the short-lasting
emotional moments that every
photographer’s dream shot.

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3
 Photography required
analytical skills
Freezing a perfect moment and preserving
them forever require technical skills that
every photographer develops through years
of practice. Similar to artist painters which use
different sets of brushes or mediums,
photographers have shutter speeds,
apertures, and other number-based aspects
to consider when taking shots.

Type of lens, filters, and depth of field are

also some of the concerns that need to be
addressed right away by the photographers.
Otherwise, the opportunity to get the shot is
lost and may never be replicated again.

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 Photographers
understand physics
Experienced photographers know
that they must also have an
understanding of how optics,
cameras, angles, and lighting works.
Utilizing the science behind
photography will be a huge
advantage for every photographer.

This is similar to the paint artists,

sculptures, and visual artists who have
a keen understanding of the
elements that can affect the
message they want to convey
through their artwork.
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 Photographers
understand abstraction
In general terms, abstraction,
is a process where
information is carefully but
intentionally left out, resulting
in a shot that is open for
different interpretations.

Abstraction also requires an

understanding of geometric
shapes, texture, lines, color,
and some other related
elements.

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ELEMENTS AND
PRINCIPLES OF
PHOTOGRAPHY

MY DESIGN WORK 36
Play this video Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktB8GC7tgwE
TECHNIQUES

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 FOCUSING
Focus in photography
is the process of
making adjustment to
the lens to find the
maximum resolution,
sharpness, and
contrast for your
chosen subject. NIKON D800E + 105mm f/2.8 @ 105mm, ISO 200, 1/320, f/5.6

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FOCUSING

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 LIGHTING AND
EXPOSURE
Photographic lighting refers to how a light
source, artificial or natural, illuminates the
scene or subject that is photographed.

In photography, exposure is the amount of

light which reaches your camera sensor,
creating visual data over a period of time. It is
a crucial part of how bright or dark your Amazing conditions mean that you have to be very
careful with your camera settings, especially exposure.
pictures appear. 1/800 second, f/2.8, ISO 800.

The more you expose the film or camera

sensor to light, the lighter your photo will be.
The less light, the darker your photo will be.
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 FRAMING
Framing in photography
refers to the technique of
drawing focus to the subject
in the photo by blocking
other parts of the image with
something in the scene.

Frames can be located in

the center of the picture or
alongside its edges.

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FRAMING

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 RULE OF THIRDS
The rule of thirds is perhaps the
most well-known “rule” of
photographic composition.

It is a compositional guideline that

breaks an image down into thirds
(both horizontally and vertically) so
you have nine pieces and four
gridlines.

According to the rule, by positioning

key elements along the gridlines,
you’ll end up with better
compositions.
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RULE OF THIRDS

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 LEADING LINES
Leading lines refers to lines
that lead the viewer’s eye
from one part of the
composition to another.

Usually, these lines start at

the bottom of the frame and
guide the eye upward, from
the foreground of the image
The leading lines of this road converge at a
to the background. vanishing point.

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LEADING LINES

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 FRAME IN FRAME
Frame within a frame photography
is all about positioning your main
subject so it’s framed by something
else within the scene.

You can use anything you like for

this. For instance, you might use a
full rectangular frame, like a door
or a window.

Frame within a frame photography

is a creative technique that works
in many genres of photography.
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FRAME IN FRAME

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NEGATIVE SPACE
Negative space in a photograph
refers to the areas of an image that
are left open, such as the sky or
other areas in an image such as a
blank wall, long stretch of floor or
other empty background.

Leaving negative space can help

your main subject stand out and also
evoke certain emotions, whether you
want your photo to transmit peace
and quiet or a sense of mystery.

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NEGATIVE SPACE

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CONTRAST

Contrast can also be used in

composition, because including
contrasting elements in a
photograph allows you to make a
stronger visual impact. The most
common types of contrast you’ll
encounter in photography are
tonal contrast and color contrast,
but contrast can also be added to
a photograph in the form of
textures and shapes.

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CONTRAST

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REPETITION AND PATTERN
Patterns and repetition can also be
very eye-catching, and when
photographed well, even mundane
everyday scenes or objects can be
transformed into works of art.

Breaking the pattern can also make

for a very dramatic effect, because
when a pattern isn’t perfect, our eyes
are naturally drawn to the thing that’s
missing or seems out of place.

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5
SHADOW
Shadows can be used in
photography to employ many of
the composition techniques we
already discussed, for example to
add depth, texture and contrast to
an image. They can also help you
draw attention to specific points in
your photos or add a sense of
drama or mystery.

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5
SHALLOW DEPTH OF FIELD
A shallow depth of field is the small
or narrow area in an image that is in
focus. Often, the background is
blurred while only the subject stays
in focus.

Thus shallow or small depth of field

can be achieved by increasing the
aperture or rather lowering the f/
number.

Shallow depth of field yields blurrier

backgrounds and can work well for
portrait photos.
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 SHALLOW DEPTH
OF FIELD

ISO 100, f/3.2,

Small aperture allows for shallow focus and bokeh 1/100 second
exposure

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DEEP DEPTH OF FIELD
A deep depth of field is a larger
area in focus, as it keeps more of
the image sharp and clear. It is
sometimes referred to a large
depth of field.

In order to capture such

sharpness, a narrow aperture
should be use. (This means you
make opening in the lens smaller
by increasing the f/ number. Deeper depth of field means more in focus

Deep depths of field are best for

landscapes.
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DEEP DEPTH OF FIELD

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SYMMETRICAL BALANCE
Symmetry is a widely taught
compositional technique used
for creating visual balance in your
photos.

We unconsciously look for

symmetry in all things. A
photograph with elements that
are almost perfectly balanced
usually makes for a very
appealing image.

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 ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE
When executed properly, even a
visually imbalanced image can
turn out to be an interesting
photo. As much as we find
pleasure in looking at anything
symmetrical, there’s something
unsettling yet intriguing about an
image that doesn’t seem to
“follow the rules”. This informal
balance technique is a lot more
difficult to achieve, but it gets
better with practice.

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6
The very idea of composition may seem a little daunting because of
all of the “rules”—but don’t worry! They’re not exactly principles that
must be strictly followed. They are not etched in stone, and almost
each one can be broken if you have good reason to do so.

Nevertheless, there are a number of do’s and don’ts that can

contribute to a good composition. When you’re not quite sure what
arrangement will make the picture look better, you won’t make a
mistake if you compose according to the above principles. As with
all art, you have to know and understand the “rules” before you can
break them effectively.

RESOURCES 66
“There are no
rules for good
photographs,
there are only
good ~~Ansel Adams
photographs.”