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Physics IGCSE 0625 - Rays and Waves

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Aashritha N.
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173 views5 pages

Physics IGCSE 0625 - Rays and Waves

Uploaded by

Aashritha N.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Frequently Asked Definitions

Describe Rarefractions in terms of (1M) (At rarefactions) molecules are far apart/ spread
molecules and pressure. [ 2M ] out/ have separation. 0625_41
Oct/Now 2016
(1M) Pressure (of air) is below normal/ low or molecules
exert below normal/ low pressure.

Compression (part of the wave where) pressure/ density is higher (or) 0625_41
molecules are closer together. May/June 2017

Frequency Number of wavefronts generated/ produced/ passing a 0625_41


point in 1 second in unit time. May/June 2017

Longitudinal Wave [ 2M ] (1M) vibration/ oscillation 0625/43


May/June 2017
(1M) vibration/ oscillation parallel to direction of travel or
compressions and rarefactions.

Longitudinal Wave [ 3M ] (1M) Particles/ molecules/ water/ medium vibrate


0625/41
(1M) vibration is in the direction of travel (propagation) of Oct/Nov 2018
the wave.

(1M) has compressions and rarefactions

Principle focus (for a thin (1M) (Point) where incident parallel rays meet passing
converging focus) [2M] through the lens or origin of rays that emerge parallel
after passing through the lens. 0625/41
May/June 2020
(A1) On principle axis or use of the term paraxial or central
line.

Total Internal Reflection reflection in a more dense material where there is no Feb/March 2016
refracted ray. (or) all light in a more dense medium is 0625/42
reflected.

Critical Angle greatest angle of incidence (in the material) at which


refraction occurs. (or)
The angle of incidence (in the material) at which the Feb/March 2016
refracted B1 ray travels along the boundary / angle of 0625/42
refraction is 90° (or)
The angle of incidence/(in the material) above which total
internal reflection occurs

Critical Angle Angle of incidence when angle of refraction is equal to 90 0625_42


degrees May/June 2016

Ultrasound A sound wave with a frequency above the frequency 0625_43


audible to humans or inaudible to humans. (greater than May/June 2016
20,000Hz)

Focal length Distance between principal focus/ focal point and optic 0625_41
center/ lens. Oct/Nov 2021

Monochromatic Light Light of a single color/ wavelength/ frequency 0625_41


Oct/Nov 2018

Monochromatic Light (in terms of a (all of the) same/ one frequency/wavelength 0625_43
measurable quantity) Oct/Nov 2016
7.1) Light Rays And Waves
We see non-luminous objects when they reflect light and some of it enters your eyes
Black surfaces absorb light; white reflects all colors; other colors reflect only their color
Diffuse
Reflection:
Reflection
of light on
paper is

known as diffuse reflection as angle of incidence does not equal


angle of reflection and it is quite irregular. This kind of reflection happens not only on paper but any rough or
not smooth surfaces and nearly all objects have rough surfaces.

Regular Reflection: Mirrors, on the other hand, have shiny smooth


surfaces allowing reflection to occur as shown. In this case, angle of
incidence will be equal to angle of reflection.

Transmission: Transparent materials like glass and water let light pass
through them or in other words they transmit light. This is shown on the
diagram on the right.

Features Of Light 4. Travels as waves

1. Light is a form of radiation 5. Can travel through an empty space

2. Travels in straight lines Light is the fastest; 300,000 km/s

3. Transfers energy
Wavelength and color: The wavelength of the Monochromatic Light: light sources like lasers
wave helps us differentiate colors and most emit lights with a single wavelength and color
sources emit a mixture of wavelengths. known as monochromatic light.

7.2) Reflection in plane mirrors (1)

The Laws Of Reflection


As discussed before, reflection occurs as shown in this
diagram. For this there are a few rules or laws which
apply:
1. ∠ incidence = ∠ reflection

2. The incident ray, reflected ray and normal all

lie on the same side of the plane.

When an object is placed in front of a mirror, an image of that


object can be seen in the mirror. The image will be:

1. The same size as the object


2. The same distance behind the mirror as the object is in
front of it.
3. Virtual
4. Laterally inverted (left to right; flip)
5. A line joining equivalent points on the object and image
passes through the mirror at right angles.

The formation of this image can be understood by drawing a ray


diagram as shown.

Real And Virtual Images:

Real Images are formed by the meeting of light rays at a point

Virtual Images are formed due to the phenomenon where light rays appear to meet at a point but do not.

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