LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY INTER AGENCY APPROACH

 Law Enforcement Administration

 Concept/importance of law enforcement
 Scope of modern law enforcement work Administration

•ORGANIZATION-a group of persons working together for a common goal or objectives.

•POLICE ORGANIZATION- a group of trained personnel in the field of public safety administration engaged in the
achievement of goals and objectives that promotes the maintenance of peace and order, protection of life and property,
enforcement of the laws and the prevention of crimes

•ADMINISTRATION- an organizational process concerned with the implementation of objectives and plans and internal
operating efficiency connotes bureaucratic structure and behavior, relatively routine decision-making and maintenance
of the internal order

•POLICE ADMINISTRATION - the process involved in ensuring strict compliance, proper obedience of laws and related
statutes focuses on the policing process.

ORGANIZATIONAL CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES FUNCTIONS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION

PRIMARY OR LINE FUNCTIONS

-functions that carry out the major purposes of the organization.

-Patrolling (back bone), traffic duties, and crime investigation

STAFF/ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS

-support the line functions and assist in the performance of the line functions.

-Planning, research, budgeting and legal advice

AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS

-logistical operations of the organization.

-communication, maintenance, records management, supplies and equipment management.

ORGANIC UNITS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION

•OPERATIONAL UNITS

-perform primary or line functions examples are patrol, traffic, investigation and vice control.

•ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS

-those that perform the administrative functions examples are personnel, finance, planning and training

•SERVICE UNITS

-those that perform auxiliary functions examples are communication, records management.
 FUNCTIONAL UNITS
1.BUREAU- it is the largest organic unit within a large department. It consists of number of divisions.

2.DIVISION- it is a primary subdivision of a bureau or of the office of the chief. A division has a department wide
function either for general police service or for specialized activity.

3.SECTION- it is a functional unit within a division. The duties of some divisions call for additional specialization, and in
consequence personnel must be further classified according to their duties.

4.UNIT- used to describe an organizational subdivision that is too small in size to be afforded any other status, and it
especially applies to a small subdivision that carries out housekeeping duties.

TERRITORIAL UNITS
1.POST- It is a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty, such as(1)an intersection or crosswalk for
traffic duty;(2)a spot or location for general guard duty, observation, and surveillance or for the apprehension of a person
wanted for, or about to commit a crime; or (3) a designated desk for office.

2.ROUTE- it is a length of street/s, designated for patrol purposes. It is most frequently used for the assignment of foot
patrol officers. It is also sometimes called a “line beat.”

3.BEAT- it is an area (in contrast to a length of street) assigned for patrol purposes, whether foot or motorized. It is also
sometimes used for the assignment of motorized traffic officers instead of a route.

4.SECTOR- it is an area containing two or more beats, routes, or posts.

5.DISTRICT- it is a geographic subdivision of the city for patrol purposes, usually with its own station.

6.AREA- it is a section or territorial division of a large city, each comprised of designated districts.

Other terminologies:

1.WATCH OR SHIFT- it is the time division of the day for purposes of assignment.

2.SWORN OFFICER- a member of the police department who has taken an oath of office and who possesses the police
power of arrest.

3.SUPERIOR OFFICER- an officer who has supervisory responsibilities, either temporary or permanent, over officers of
lower rank.

4.COMMANDING OFFICER- an officer who is in command of the department, of a bureau, a

division, a section, an area, a district, a squad, or any other subdivision of the department.

5.RANKING OFFICER- an officer has the highest grade or rank within a given group or at a particular location.

6.LENGTH OF SERVICE – it refers to the period of time that has elapsed since the oath of office was administered.
Previous active service may be included or added.

7.ON DUTY – it is the period when an officer is actively engaged in the performance of his duty.

8.OFF DUTY – it is the nature of which the police officer is free from specific routine duty.

9.SPECIAL DUTY- the police service, its nature, which requires that the officer be excused from the performance of his
active regular duty.
10.LEAVE OF ABSENCE – it is the period in which an officer is excused from active duty by any valid/ acceptable reason,
approved by higher authority.

11.SICK LEAVE – it is the period in which an officer is excused from active duty by reason of illness or injury.

12. SUSPENSION - it is a consequence of an act which temporarily deprives an officer from the privilege of performing
his duties as result of violating directives or other department regulations.

13.DEPARTMENT RULES – rules established by department directors/supervisors to control conduct of the members of
the police force.

14.DUTY MANUAL – it describes the procedures and defines the duties of officers assigned to specified post or position.

15.ORDER – it is an instruction given by a ranking officer to a subordinate, either general order, special order or personal
order.

16.REPORT- usually a written communication unless otherwise specifies to be verbal.

TYPES OF POLICE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES

A n O RG A N IZA TIO N A L ST R U C T U R E is a mechanical means of depicting, by an arrangement of symbols, the
relationships that exist between individuals, groups, and functional relationships between groups and individuals clearly
defined to ensure accountability and compliance

LINE ORGANIZATION

•the oldest and simplest kind; also called military o defined by its clear chain of command from the highest to the lowest
and vice versa

 depicts the line functions of the organization

 orders or commands must come from the higher level of authority before it can be carried out
 involves few departments

FUNCTIONAL (specialization)

•structure according to functions and specialized units

•depicts staff functions of the organization

•responsibilities are divided among authorities who are all accountable to the authority above

LINE AND STAFF

•A combination of the line and functional kind.

•combines the flow of information from the line structure with the staff departments that service, advise, and support
them

•generally, more formal in nature and has many departments

The Philippine National Police follow the LINE AND STAFF kind of organizational structure.

PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

 (ACCORDING TO HENRY FAYOL)

PRINCIPLE OF UNITY OF OBJECTIVES

•an organization is effective if it enables the individuals to contribute to the organization’s objectives. (crime prevention)

PRINCIPLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL EFFICIENCY

•organization structure is effective if it is structured in such a way to aid the accomplishment of the organization’s
objectives with a minimum cost. (low crime rate)

FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLE

•division of work according to type, place, time and specialization.

SCALAR PRINCIPLE

• shows the vertical hierarchy of the organization which defines an unbroken chain of units from top to bottom
describing explicitly the flow of authority.

UNITY OF COMMAND

•dictates that there should only be ONE MAN commanding the unit to ensure uniformity in the execution of orders

SPAN OF CONTROL

•the maximum number of subordinates that a superior can effectively supervise

•City – 1:1000, Nationwide 1:500 = one police man is equal to five hundred or one thousand.

DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY

•conferring of certain specified authority by a superior to a subordinate

SPECIALIZATION

•the assignment of particular personnel to particular tasks which are highly technical and require special skills and
training

CHAIN OF COMMAND

•the arrangement of officers from top to bottom on the basis of rank or position and authority

COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY

•dictates that immediate commanders shall be responsible for the effective supervision and control of their personnel
and unit

•NAPOLCOM MC No. 95-03 – “Institutionalization of the Doctrine of Command Responsibility at all levels of Command in
the PNP

•EO No. 226 - “Institutionalization of the Doctrine of

Command Responsibility in all Government offices

LINE AND STAFF

•implies that a system of varied functions arrange into a workable pattern. The line organization is responsible for the
direct accomplishment of the objectives while the staff is responsible for support, advisory or facilitative capacity. (PNP is
a line and staff function)
PRINCIPLE OF BALANCE

•states that the application of principles must be balanced to ensure the effectiveness of the structure in meeting
organization’s objectives

PRINCIPLE OF DELEGATION BY RESULTS

•states that authority delegated should be adequate to ensure the ability to accomplish expected results

PRINCIPLES OF ABSOLUTENESS OF RESPONSIBILITY

•explains that the responsibility of the s u b o r d i n a t e s t o t h e i r s u p e r i o r f o r performance is absolute and the

superior cannot escape responsibility for the organization on activities performed by their subordinates.

PRINCIPLE OF PARITY AND RESPONSIBILITY

•explains that responsibility for action cannot be greater than that implied by the authority delegated nor should it be
less. (equality)

AUTHORITY LEVEL PRINCIPLE

•implies that decisions within the authority of the individual commander should be made by them and not be returned
upward in the organizational structure.

PRINCIPLE OF FLEXIBILITY

•which means that the more flexible the organization, the more it can fulfill its purpose PHILOSOPHY OF POLICE SERVICE

•A police officer shall perform all duties impartially, without favor or affection or ill will and without regard to status, sex,
race, religion, political belief or aspirations. All citizens will be treated equally with courtesy consideration and dignity.

•Officers will never allow personal feelings, animosities or friendship to influence official Conduct. Laws will be enforced
appropriately and courteously and in carrying out their responsibilities, officers will strive to obtain maximum
cooperation from the public. They will conduct themselves in appearance and deportment in such a manner as to
inspire confidence and respect for the position of public trust they hold.

FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE

(Jose Nolledo)

THE CONTINENTAL THEORY

•Police officers are considered servants of the higher authorities and the people have little or no share at all in their
duties, nor any direct connection with them. This theory prevails among continental countries, like France, Italy, Spain,
where the governmental structure follows the centralized pattern.

THE HOME-RULE THEORY

•Police officers are considered as servants of the community who depend for the effectiveness of their functions upon
the express wishes of the people. In this theory, police officers are civil employees whose primary duty is the
preservation of the public peace and security. This is practiced in England and in the United States of America, where the
governmental structure is decentralized.

OLD CONCEPT

•this philosophy advocates that the measurement of police competence is the increasing number of arrests, throwing
offenders in detention facilities rather than trying to prevent them from committing crimes.

MODERN CONCEPT
•police efficiency is measured by the decreasing number of crimes.

REPUBLIC ACT 6975

•otherwise known as the DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT OF 1990,

•enacted on December 13, 1990; reorganized the DILG and established the (SECTION 23) Philippine National Police,
(SECTION 53) Bureau of Fire Protection, (SECTION 60) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and the (SECTION 66)
Philippine Public Safety College.

REPUBLIC ACT 8551

•otherwise known as the Philippine N a t i o n a l P o l i c e R e f o r m a n d

Reorganization Act of 1998, enacted on February 25, 1998; this law amended certain provisions of RA 6975 (BY

PRESIDENT FIDEL V. RAMOS)

REPUBLIC ACT 9708

•An Act extending for 5 years the reglementary period for complying with the minimum educational qualification for
appointment to the Philippine National Police(PNP) and adjusting the promotion system thereof, amending for the
purpose pertinent provisions of Republic Act 6975 and 8551 and for other purposes.

HIGHLIGHTS OF R.A. 6975 AS AMENDED BY R.A. 8551 AND R.A. 9708

•THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG) formerly Department of Local Government
(DLG).

•reorganized under RA 6975

•ORGANIZATION: consist of:

•a. the Department proper

•b. existing bureaus and offices of the DLG

•c. local government units (LGU) provincial governors city and municipal mayors

•d. the National Police Commission

•e. the Philippine Public Safety College

•f. Philippine National Police

•g. Bureau of Fire Protection

•h. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

PHILIPPINE PUBLIC SAFETY COLLEGE, PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE, BUREAU FIRE

PROTECTION and BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY were created under RA 6975.

•headed by the Secretary to be appointed by the President and who shall serve at the pleasure of the President (CO-
TERMINUS).

•the Secretary shall be assisted by two (2) Undersecretaries and three (3) Assistant Secretaries.

•Undersecretary for Local Government

•Undersecretary for Peace and Order

•No retired or resigned military officer or police official may be appointed as Secretary within one (1) year from date of
retirement or resignation.

•the Secretary is also the ex officio chairman of the National Police Commission.

•refer to the organizational chart of DILG

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DILG

•Assist the President in the exercise of general supervision over local governments;

•Advise the President in the promulgation of policies, rules, regulations and other issuances on the general supervision
over local governments and on public order and safety;

•Establish and prescribe rules, regulations and other issuances implementing laws on public order and safety, the general
supervision over local governments and the promotion of local autonomy and community empowerment and

monitor compliance thereof;

•Provide assistance towards legislation regarding local governments, law enforcement and public safety; Establish and
prescribe plans, policies, programs and projects to promote peace and order, ensure public safety and further strengthen
the administrative, technical and fiscal capabilities of local government offices and personnel;

•Formulate plans, policies and programs which will meet local emergencies arising from natural and man-made
disasters; Establish a system of coordination and cooperation among the citizenry, local executives and the Department,
to ensure effective and efficient delivery of basic services to the public;

•Organize, train and equip primarily for the performance of police functions, a police force that is national in scope and
civilian in character.

RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE (DND)

•under RA 6975, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) was in charge with EXTERNAL SECURITY, while the DILG was
in charge with INTERNAL SECURITY

•under RA 8551, the Armed Forces of the Philippines is now in charge with both internal and external security with the
PNP as support through information gathering and performance of

ordinary police functions

•in case of insurgency the AFP shall take over and the PNP will be a subordinate of the AFP.

NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION

•an agency attached to the DILG FOR POLICY COORDINATION

•shall exercise ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL AND OPERATIONAL SUPERVISION over the PNP

COMPOSITION:

•consist of a one (1)chairperson, four (4) regular Commissioners and the Chief of PNP as ex officio member. (1:4:1)

•shall serve a term of office of SIX (6) YEARS WITHOUT REAPPOINTMENT OR EXTENSION.

•three of the four regular commissioners shall come from civilian sector and not former members of the police or
military.
•the four regular commissioners shall come from the law enforcement sector either active or retired Provided, that an
active member of a law enforcement agency shall be considered resigned from said agency once appointed to the
Commission.

•at least one (1) of the four regular commissioners shall be a WOMAN.

•from among the three (3) regular commissioners from the civilian sector, the Vice Chairperson shall be chosen.

•the Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive Officer of the Commission.

QUALIFICATIONS OF THE REGULAR COMMISSIONERS (FAM)

•citizens of the Philippines (FILIPINO)

•lawyers (ATTORNEY) with at least five (5) years’ experience in handling criminal or human rights cases; or

•holders of a MASTER’S DEGREE in public administration, sociology, criminology, criminal justice, law enforcement and
other related disciplines.

TEMPORARY OR PERMANENT INCAPACITY OF THE CHAIRPERSON

•In case of absence due to the TEMPORARY

INCAPACITY of the chairperson, the Vice chair shall serve as Chairperson until the Chairperson is present or regains
capacity to serve.

•In case of DEATH or PERMANENT INCAPACITY or DISQUALIFICATION of the chairperson, the acting chairperson shall also
act as such until a new chairperson shall have been appointed by the PRESIDENT AND QUALIFIED.

REMOVAL FROM OFFICE

•The members of the Commission may be removed from office for cause. All vacancies in the Commission, except
through expiration of term, shall be filled up for the unexpired term only: Provided that any person who shall be
appointed in this case shall be eligible for regular appointment for another full term.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

•organized pursuant to RA 6975, as amended by RA 8551 and 9708.

•a law enforcement agency under the operational control of the Department of the Interior and Local Government and
administrative supervision of the National Police Commission.

•it is an organization that is national in scope and civilian in character, as provided by Section 6, Article 16 of the 1987
Philippine Constitution:

•“The state shall establish and maintain one police force which shall be national in scope and civilian in character…”

•headed by the Chief, PNP, with the rank of Director General, appointed by the President and who shall serve a term of
office of four (4) years.

NATIONAL IN SCOPE

•means that the PNP is a nationwide government organization whose jurisdiction covers the entire breadth of the
Philippine archipelago

•all uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the PNP are national government employees

CIVILIAN IN CHARACTER
•means that that the PNP is not a part of the military, although it retains some military attributes such as discipline