Solution

POLYNOMIAL

Class 10 - Mathematics
Section A
1. The parabola y = ax 2 + bx + c cuts y-axis at one point which lies on Oy.

Putting x = 0 in y = ax 2 + bx + c, we get y = c. So the coordinates of the point are (0,c).

Clearly, intersecting point lies on Oy'. Therefore c<0 i.e., c is negative.
7 1
2. α + β = 5
and αβ = 5
α β α2 + β2 ( α + β ) 2 − 2αβ
β
+ α
= αβ
= αβ

() 7
5
2
−2× 5
1

= 1
5
39
= 5
or 7.8

3. Here, g(s) = 4s2 - 4s + 1

Now 4s2 - 4s + 1 = 4s2 - 2s - 2s + 1
= 2s (2s − 1) − 1 (2s − 1)
= (2s − 1) (2s − 1)
g(s)=0 if 2s-1=0
1 1
Hence S = 2 , 2
1 1 −4 b coefficient of s
Sum of zeroes = 2 + =1=- = − = −
2 4 a coefficient of s 2
1 1 1 c constant term
Product of Zeroes = × = = =
2 2 4 a coefficient of s 2

4. p(x) = 4x2+ 24x + 36

For zeroes, p(x) = 0
⇒ 4x2 + 24x + 36 = 0
⇒ 4(x2+ 6x + 9) = 0
⇒ (x2+ 3x + 3x + 9) = 0
⇒ (x + 3) (x + 3) = 0
⇒ x + 3 = 0 or x + 3 = 0

⇒ x = -3, x = -3

∴ Zeroes are -3, -3.

After comparing 4x2+ 24x + 36 with ax2 + bx + c, we get

Now, a = 4, b = 24, c = 36
−b − 24
a
= 4
= -6 ...... (i)

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 Sum of zeroes = -3 + (-3) = -6 ...... (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
b
Sum of zeroes = − a
c 36
Also, a
= 4
= 9 ....... (iii)
and, Product of zeroes = (-3) × (-3) = 9 .......... (iv)
From (iii) and (iv)
c
Product of zeroes = a
5. Let α=5
Given α+β=0
5+β=0,β=-5
So the polynomial f(x)=(x-5)[x-(-5)]
=(x-5)(x+5)
=x2-25
6. Here f(x)=x2 - 7x + 12.
= x2 - 3x - 4x + 12
=x(x - 3) - 4(x - 3)
f(x)=0 if x - 3 = 0 or x - 4 = 0
x = 3 or x = 4
Therefore, Zeroes are 3 and 4.
For f(x)=x2 - 7x + 12.
Now, a = 1,b = -7, c = 12
7 b
Sum of zeroes = 3 + 4 = 7= = −
1 a
c 12
Also, a
= 1
= 12
Product of zeroes = 3 × 4 = 12
c
⇒ Product of zeroes ​ = a

7. Here the given polynomial f(x)= 2x2+ 5x -12

= 2x2 + 8x - 3x -12
= 2x(x + 4) - 3(x + 4)
= (x + 4)(2x-3)
f(x) = 0,
⇒ x+4 =0 or 2x-3=0

3
then, x = - 4 or x = 2
3
So, the zeros of f(x) are -4 and 2
Now,

Sum of the zeros = ( −4+

3
2 ) =
−5
2
=
−b
a
,

3 − 12 c
product of the zeros = (-4)× = =
2 2 a
Hence the relation of zeros and coefficients of the polynomial is verified.
8. Let the polynomial is f(x) and zeros are α and β
then f(x)=x2-(α+β)x+ αβ
5
Given α + β = 2
, αβ = 1
x2 − (α + β)x + αβ
5 1
f(x)= = x 2 − 2 x + 1 = 2 (2x 2 − 5x + 2 )
The polynomial whose zero are α, β is 2x 2 − 5x + 2

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 (2x ) (2x )
1 1
Further, f(x) = 2 − 5x + 2 = 2 − 4x − x + 2
2 2
1
= 2
[2x(x − 2) − (x − 2)]
1
= 2
(x − 2)(2x − 1)
1
f(x) = 0 ⇒
2
(x − 2)(2x − 1) = 0
∴ for that x - 2 = 0 or 2x - 1 = 0
1
i.e., Either x = 2 or x = 2
1
∴ Zeros of polynomial are 2 and 2 .
9. Since, α and β are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
f(x) = x2 - p (x+1) - c=x2-px-(p+c)
So A=1 B=-p,C=-(p+c)
B
Sum of the zeroes α + β = − A =P
C
Product of the zeroes αβ = A =- (p + c)
(α + 1)(β + 1)
= αβ + α + β + 1
= αβ + (α + β) + 1
=-(p+c)+p+1
=-p-c-p+1
=1-c
Hence proved
10. Let α, β be the zeroes of the polynomial. then
3
α+β= √2 and αβ = − 2
The quadratic polynomial
f(x) = (x − α)(x − β)

= x2 - (α + β)x + αβ
3
= x 2 − √2x − 2
3
Now, f(x) = x2 − √2x − 2

(2x )
1
⇒ f(x) = 2 − 2√2x − 3
2

(2x )
1
⇒ f(x) = 2 − 3√2x + √2x − 3
2
1
f(x) = 2
{√2x(√2x − 3) + (√2x − 3)}
1
⇒ f(x) = 2
(√2x − 3)(√2x + 1)
Now for f(x) = 0, we get
3 1
x= or, x = −
√2 √2
3 1
Hence, the zeroes of f(x) are and − .
√2 √2
11. We have
2 2
f(x) = √3x − 8x + 4√3 =
√3x − 6x − 2x + 4√3
= √3x(x − 2√3) − 2(x − 2√3)
= (x − 2√3)(√3x − 2)
∴ f(x) = 0, if (x − 2√3)(√3x − 2) = 0
⇒ (x − 2√3) = 0 or (√3x − 2) = 0
2
⇒ x = 2√3 or x =
√3

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 2
So, the zeros of f(x) are 2√3 and
√3
Verification:

Sum of zeros = 2√3 +

( 2

√3 ) =
8

√3
=
− ( coefficient of x )

( coefficient of x )
2

( )
2 4√ 3 constant term
product of zeros = 2√3 × = =
√3 √3 coefficient of x 2

12. If α and β are zeroes of the polynomial f(x) = x2 - 4x - 5, where a = 1, b = - 4, c = - 5

b
then α + β = − a
−4
=− ( 1
)=4
c
and αβ = a
−5
= 1
= − 5,
As we know that
α 2 + β 2 = (a + β) 2 - 2αβ
= (4)2 - 2(-5)
= 16 + 10
= 26
13. By splitting the middle term
5t2 + 12t + 7 = 0
5t2 + (5t + 7t) + 7 = 0
5t2 + 5t + 7t + 7 = 0
5t (t + 1) + 7(t + 1) = 0
(t + 1)(5t + 7) = 0
(t + 1)(5t + 7) = 0
⇒ t = - 1, - 7/5

Verification:
Sum of the zeroes = - (coefficient of x) / coefficient of x2
α + β = - b/a
(- 1) + (- 7/5) = - (12)/5
= - 12/5 = - 12/5
Product of the zeroes = constant term / coefficient of x2
αβ = c/a
(- 1)(- 7/5) = 7/5
7/5 = 7/5
14. Compare f(x) = x2 - 5x +k with f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, we get
a = 1 b = -5 and c= k
Let α, β are the zeros of x2 - 5x +k
Then, we have
b ( −5)
α+β= − = − =5
a 1
c k
αβ = a
= 1
=k
Given, α − β = 1
Now, (α + β) 2 = (α − β) 2 + 4αβ
⇒ (5)2 = (1)2 + 4(k)
⇒ 25 = 1 + 4k
⇒ 4k = 24

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 24
⇒ k= 4
⇒ k=6
15. The given quadratic polynomial is 2x2 + 5x + k.
If α, β are zeroes of quadratic polynomial
−b −5
α+β= a
= 2
c k
αβ = a
= 2
Putting these values in (α + β) 2 − αβ = 24,

we get ( ) −5 2
2
−
k
2
= 24
25 k
⇒
4
− 2
= 24
−k 25
⇒ = 24 −
2 4
−k 96 − 25
⇒
2
= 4
− 71 − 71
⇒ k= 4
×2= 2
Section B
16. Let the given polynomial is p(x) = 4x2 + 4x + 1
Since, α, β are zeroes of p(x),
−4
∴ α + β= sum of zeroes =
4
1
Also, α. β= Product of zeroes = α. β = 4
Now a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 2α and 2β
x2 - (sum of zeroes)x + Product of zeroes
= x 2 − (2α + 2β)x + 2α × 2β
= x 2 − 2(α + β)x + 4(αβ)
1
= x 2 − 2 × ( − 1)x + 4 × 4

= x2 + 2x + 1
The quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 2α and 2β is x2 + 2x + 1
17. The given polynomial p(x) = x2 + 2√2 x - 6

= x2 + 3√2 x - √2 x - 6
= x(x + 3√2) − √2(x + 3√2)
= (x + 3√2)(x - √2)
p(x) = 0 if x+3√2 = 0 or x = √2
Zeroes of the polynomials are √2 and -3√2

For p(x) = x2 + 2√2 x - 6

a = 1, b = 2√2, c = -6
2 ​​√2 b
Sum of the zeroes √2 − 3√2 = − 2√2 = − 1
= − a
−6 c
Product of the zeroes =√2 × − 3√2 = 1
= a
Hence, the relationship is verified.
18. The given quadratic polynomial is p(x) = 2x2 - 3x + p
Since, 3 is a root (zero) of p(x)
⇒ 2(3)2 - 3 × 3 + p = 0
⇒ 18 - 9 + p = 0
⇒ 9+p=0
⇒ p=-9

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 Now p(x) = 2x2 - 3x - 9
= 2x2- 6x + 3x - 9
= 2x (x - 3) + 3 (x - 3)
= (x - 3) (2x + 3)
For roots of polynomial, p(x) = 0
⇒ (x - 3) (2x + 3) = 0

3
⇒ x = 3 or x = - 2
3
Hence the other root is - 2 .

19. Let the given polynomial is p(x) =x2 + 7x + 7

Here,a = 1, b = 7, c = 7
∴ α, β are both zeroes of p(x)

−b
∴ α+β= a
= -7.........(i)
c
αβ = a
= 7...........(ii)
Now,
1 1 β+α
α
+β
− 2αβ = αβ
− 2αβ
−7
= −2×7
7
= -1 - 14
= -15
1 1
Hence the value of α
+ β
− 2αβ is - 15.

20. Let p(x) = x2 - 2x - (7p + 3)

Since -1 is a zero of p(x). Therefore,
p(-1) = 0
(-1)2 - 2(-1) - (7p + 3)=0
1 + 2 - 7p - 3 = 0
3 - 7p - 3 = 0
7p = 0
p=0
Thus, p(x) = x2 - 2x - 3
For finding zeros of p(x), we put,
p(x) = 0
x2 - 2x - 3 = 0
x2 - 3x - x - 3 = 0
x(x-3) + 1(x-3) = 0
(x-3)(x+1) = 0
Put x - 3 = 0 and x + 1 = 0, we get,
Thus, x = 3, -1
Thus, the other zero is 3.
21. Here, α + β = − 2√3 and αβ = − 9

f(x) = x2 – (α + β)x + αβ [Formula]

= x 2 − ( − 2√3)x + ( − 9)
⇒ f(x) = x 2 + 2√3x − 9
For zeroes of polynomial f(x), f(x) = 0
⇒ x 2 + 2√3x − 9 = 0
⇒ x 2 + 3√3x − 1√3x − 9 = 0
⇒ x(x + 3√3) − √3(x + 3√3) = 0
⇒ (x + 3√3)(x − √3) = 0

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 ⇒ x + 3√3 = 0 or (x − √3) = 0
⇒ x = − 3√3 or x = √3
∴ α= − 3√3 and β = √3

Hence the polynomial is x2 +2√3 x - 9 and its zeros are − 3√3 and √3.
3 1
22. y2 + 2 √5y - 5= 2 (2y 2 + 3√5y − 10 )
(2y )
1
2
= 2
+ 4√5y − √5y − 10
1
= 2
[2y(y + 2√5) − √5(y + 2√5)]
1
= 2
(y + 2√5)(2y − √5)
√5
⇒ y = − 2√5, 2
are zeroes of the polynomial.
3 3
If given polynomial is y2 + √5y - 5 then a = 1, b= 2 √5 and c = -5
2
√5 − 3√ 5
Sum of zeroes = − 2√5 + 2
= 2
.......... (i)
−b − 3√ 5
Also, a
= 2
------ (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
−b
Sum of zeroes = a
√5
Product of zeroes = − 2√5 × 2
= − 5 .......... (iii)
c −5
Also, a
= 1
= − 5 .......... (iv)
From (iii) and (iv)
c
Product of zeroes = a
11 2
23. 7y2 - 3
y− 3
1
= 3
(21y2 - 11y - 2)
1
= (21y2 - 14y + 3y - 2)
3
1
= 3 [7y(3y - 2) + 1(3y - 2)]
1
= 3 (3y - 2)(7y + 1)
2 −1
⇒ y= 3
, 7
are zeroes of the polynomial.
11 2
If Given polynimoal is 7y2 - 3
y− 3
11 2
Then a = 7 , b = − 3
and c = − 3
2 −1 14 − 3 11
Sum of zeroes = 3
+ 7
= 21
= 21
........ (i)

−b
− ( ) − 11
3
11
Also, a
= 7
= 21
........ (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
−b
Sum of zeroes = a
2 −1 −2
Now, product of zeroes = 3
× 7
= 21
....... (iii)
−2
c 3 −2
Also, = = ......... (iv)
a 7 21
From (iii) and (iv)
c
Product of zeroes =
a

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24. Let P(x) = 2x 2 + 3x + λ
1 1
Its one zero is 2
so P( 2 ) = 0
1 1 1
P( 2 ) = 2 × ( 2 ) 2 + 3 ( 2 ) + λ = 0
1
⇒ 2 × 4
+ 3/2 + λ = 0
1 3
⇒ + + λ = 0
2 2
4
⇒
2
+ λ= 0
⇒ 2 +λ = 0
⇒ λ= -2
Let the other zero be α
1 3
Then α + = −
2 2
3 1 4
⇒ α= − 2
− 2
= − 2
= −2

25. The quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c = f(x)

α and β are the zeroes of an equation.
−b c
α+β= and αβ =
a a
1 1 β−α − (α−β)
α
− β
= αβ
= αβ
…… (i)
consider,
(α − β) 2 = (α + β) 2 + 4αβ

(α − β) 2 =
( ) −b 2
a
+
4c
a

b2 b 2 + 4ac √b 2 + 4ac
√ √
4c
α−β= + = =
a2 a a2 a

√b2 + 4ac
1 1 − (α−β) a √b 2 + 4ac
α
− β
= αβ
= c = c
a

26. We know that, if x = a is a zero of a polynomial then x - a is a factor of quadratic polynomials.

−1
Since 4
and 1 are zeros of polynomial.

Therefore x + ( ) 1
4
(x - 1)
1 1
= x2 + 4 x − x − 4
1 4 1
= x2 + x − x −
4 4 4
1−4 1
= x2 + 4
x− 4
3 1
= x2 − 4 x − 4

Hence, the family of quadratic polynomials is f(x) = k x 2 − 4 x − ( 3 1

4 )
, where k is any non-zero real number.

27. p(x) = x2 + 3x + 2
α, β are its zeroes
∴ α + β = -3, αβ = 2

Now,
(α + 1) + (β + 1) = α + β + 2 = -3 + 2 = -1
(α + 1)(β + 1) = αβ + (α + β) + 1 = + 2 - 3 + 1 = 0
∴ Required Polynomial is k(x2 + x) or x2 + x

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28. Since α, β are the zeros of the polynomial f(x) = x2 - 5x + k.
Compare f(x) = x2 - 5x + k with ax2 + bx + c.
So, a = 1 , b = -5 and c = k
( −5)
α+β= − 1
=5
k
αβ = 1
=k
Given, α − β = 1
Now, (α + β) 2 = (α − β) 2 + 4αβ
⇒ (5)2 = (1)2 + 4k
⇒ 25 = 1 + 4k

⇒ 4k = 24

⇒ k = 6

Hence the value of k is 6.

29. Let p(x) = x2 - 2x - 8
By the method of splitting the middle term,
x 2 − 2x − 8 = x 2 − 4x + 2x − 8
= x(x − 4) + 2(x − 4) = (x − 4)(x + 2)
For zeroes of p(x),
p(x) = 0
⇒ (x − 4)(x + 2) = 0

⇒ x − 4 = 0 or x + 2 = 0

⇒ x = 4 or x = − 2

⇒ x = 4, − 2
So, the zeroes of p(x) are 4 and -2.
We observe that, Sum of its zeroes
= 4 + (-2) = 2
− ( −2) − (Coefficient of x )
= =
1 Coefficient of x 2
Product of its zeroes
−8 Constant term
= 4x( − 2) = − 8 = =
1 Coefficient of x 2
Hence, relation between zeroes and coefficients is verified.
30. Let the required polynomial be ax2 + bx + c
and let its zeroes be α and β
1 b c
Then, α + β = 4
= − a
and αβ = − 1 = a
If a = 4, then b = -1 and c = -4
So, one quadratic polynomial which satisfies the given conditions is 4x2 - x - 4
Or
If α and β zeroes of the polynomials then standard quadratic polynomial is given by
1
x 2 − (α + β)x + αβ, where α + β = 4
and αβ = − 1 [Given]
Now, we have,
x 2 − (α + β)x + αβ

= x2 − () 1
4
x + ( − 1)

(4x )
1
= 2 −x−4
4

Required polynomial is 4x2 - x - 4

31. We know, quadratic polynomial = x2 - (Sum of zeroes)x + Product of zeroes
21 5
Given, Sum of zeroes = − 8
and Product of zeroes = 16
21 5
2
∴ Quadratic Polynomial = x + 8
x+ 16

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 1
= 16
(16x 2 + 42x + 5)

⇒ Quadratic polynomial is 16x2 + 42x + 5

Now, we rewrite the polynomial as 16x 2 + 2x + 40x + 5
= 2x ⋅ (8x + 1) + 5 ⋅ (8x + 1)
= (2x + 5) ⋅ (8x + 1)
Now, for Zeros, (8x + 1) ⋅ (2x + 5) = 0
−1 −5
⇒ x= 8 2
,

32. Let f(x) = x-2 2

6x +
a = 6, b = 1 and c = -2
And α and β are the zeros of polynomial,
b 1
α+β=−a = − 6
c −2 −1
αβ = a
= 6
= 3
α β α2 + β2
∴
β
+ α αβ
=
( α + β ) 2 − 2αβ
= αβ

( ) ( ) −6
1 2
−2 −3
1

=
( ) 1
−3
2
1

36 +3
= − 1
3
25
36
= − 1
3
25 3
= − 36
× 1
25
= − 12
33. Since,
−b
Sum of the zeroes of polynomial = α + β = a
c
and product of zeroes of polynomial = αβ =
a
Simplify the given expression and substitutie the values, we obtain
β α β ( aβ + b ) + α ( aα + b )
+ =
aα + b aβ + b ( aα + b ) ( aβ + b )
αβ 2 + bβ + α 2a + bα
=
a 2αβ + abα + abβ + b 2
aα 2 + bβ 2 + bα + bβ
= c
a 2 × a + ab ( α + β ) + b 2

[
a (α+β) 2+b(α+β) ]
=
ac
b2
[
a ( a + β ) − 2αβ − a 2
]
= ac

=
a
[ ] b2
a − a
2c
− a
b2

ac

[ ]
2
b − ac b2
a a − a

= ac

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 =
a
[ b 2 − ac − b 2
a ]
ac
b 2 − 2c − b 2
=
ac
− 2c −2
= ac
= a
34. The given quadratic polynomial is:
v2 + 4√3v - 15
By factorizing it we have
v2 + 4√3v - 15 = v2 + 5√3v - √3v - 15
= v(v + 5√3) - √3(v + 5√3)
= (v - √3)(v + 5√3)
For zeroes, put the factors equal to zero i.e.,
(v - √3)(v + 5√3) = 0
⇒ v= √3, − 5√3 are zeroes of the polynomial.
Verification: In the given polynomial a = 1, b = 4√3 and c = - 15
Now Sum of the zeroes = √3 + ( − 5√3) = − 4√3
−b −b − 4√ 3
Also sum of zeroes = , = = − 4√3
a a 1
And product of zeroes = √3 × − 5√3 = -15
c − 15
Also, product of zeroes = a
= 1
= − 15

35. Let p(x) = 6x2 - 3 - 7x

For zeroes of p(x),
p(x) = 0
⇒ 6x2 - 3 - 7x = 0
⇒ 6x2 - 7x - 3 = 0
⇒ 6x2 - 9x + 2x - 3 = 0​
⇒ ​3x(2x - 3) + (2x - 3) = 0
⇒ (2x - 3) (3x + 1) = 0
⇒ 2x - 3 = 0 or 3x + 1 = 0
3 1 3 1
⇒ x= 2
or x = − 3
⇒ x= 2
, − 3
3 1
So, the zeroes of p(x) are and −
2 3
We observe that Sum of its zeroes

=
3
2
+
( ) −
1
3
=
3
2
−
1
3

9−2 7 − ( −7) Coefficient of x

= = = = −
6 6 6 Coefficient of x 2

Product of its zeroes = () ( )

3
2
× −
1
3
1 3 Constant term
= -2 = − =
6 Coefficient of x 2
11 2 1
36. p(y) = 7y2 - 3
y- 3
= 3
(21y2 - 11y - 2)
1
= (21y2 - 14y + 3y - 2)
3
1
= 3
[7y (3y - 2) + 1 (3y - 2)]
1
= 3 [(7y + 1)(3y - 2)]

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 2 1
∴ Zeroes are 3 , - 7
2 1 11
Sum of Zeroes = - =
3 7 21
−b 11
a
= 21
−b
∴ sum of zeroes = a
2 −1 2
Product of Zeroes = ( 3 )(- 7
) = - 21
c 2 1 2
a
= - 3 ( 7 ) = - 21
c
∴ Product = a

37. Given polynomial is f(x) = x2 - 2x + 3

Compare with ax2 + bx + c, we get
a = 1 , b = -2 and c = 3
b −2
Sum of the zeroes =α + β = − a
= − 1
=2
c 3
Product of the zeroes = αβ = = =3
a 1
Sum of the zeroes of new polynomial = (α + 2) + (β + 2)
=α+β+4
=2+4=6
Product of the zeroes of new polynomial = (α + 2)(β + 2)
= αβ + 2α + 2β + 4
= αβ + 2(α + β) + 4
= 3 + 2(2) + 4
= 11
So, quadratic polynomial is: x2 - (sum of the zeroes)x + (product of the zeroes)
= x2 - 6x + 11
Hence, the required quadratic polynomial is f(x) = (x2 - 6x + 11)
38. Let the polynomial be ax2 + bx + c.
and its zeroes be α and β.
b 1 c
Then, α + β = √2 = − a
and αβ = 3
= a
If a = 3, then b = − 3√2 and c = 1.
So, one quadratic polynomial which fits the given conditions is 3x 2 − 3√2x + 1.
1
It is given that α + β = √2 and αβ = 3
Now, standard form of quadratic polynomial is given by x 2 − (α + β)x + αβ
= x 2 − (α + β)x + αβ
1
= x 2 − √2x + 3

(3x )
1
= 2 − 3√2x + 1
3
Hence the required quadratic polynomial is 3x 2 − 3√2x + 1

39. Here, p(x) = 3x2 - 2.

Now p(x) = 0
⇒ 3x 2 − 2 = 0
⇒ 3x 2 = 2
2
⇒ x2 =
3
2
⇒ x= ±
√ 3

2 2
Therefore, zeroes are
√ 3
and −
√ 3
.

12 / 24
 If p(x) = 3x2 - 2 , then a = 3, b = 0 and c = -2

√ ( √)
2 2
Now, sum of zeroes = + − = 0 .... (i)
3 3

−b −0
Also, a
= 3
= 0 ........ (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
−b
Sum of zeroes = a
2 2 −2
and product of zeroes =
√ 3
× −
√ 3
= 3
......... (iii)

c −2
Also, a
= 3
.......... (iv)
From (iii) and (iv)
c
Product of zeroes =
a
40. The given polynomial is
p(x) = 6x2 -7x -3
Factorize the above quadratic polynomial, we have
6x2 -7x -3 = 6x2 -9x + 2x - 3
= 3x(2x - 3) + 1(2x - 3)
= (3x + 1)(2x - 3)
For p(x) = 0, either 3x + 1 = 0 or 2x - 3 = 0
−1 3
⇒ x= 3
or x = 2
Verification:we have a = 6, b = -7, c = -3
−1 3 7
Sum of zeroes = 3
+ 2
= 6
−b − ( −7) 7
Also, a
= 6
= 6

Now, product of zeroes= ( ) −

1
3
×
3
2
=
−1
2
c −3 −1
Also, a
= 6
= 2

41. f(x) = x2 - 2x - 8
= x2 -
4x + 2x - 8
= x(x - 4) + 2(x - 4)
= (x + 2) (x - 4)
f(x) = 0 if x+2 = 0 or x-4 = 0
x = -2 or 4
So the zeroes of the polynomials are -2 and 4.
For the Polynomial f(x)=x2 - 2x - 8
a=1,b=-2, c=-8
b
Sum of the zeroes = - 2 + 4 = 2 = -
a
c
Product of zeros =(-2)(4) = -8 = a
Hence, the relationship between the zeros and coefficients is verified.
42. We have to find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 4y2 – 15 and verify the relationship between the zeroes and coefficient of
polynomial.
Let f(y) = 4y 2 – 15
Compare it with the quadratic ay 2 + by + c.
Here, coefficient of y 2 = 4, coefficient of y = 0 and constant term = - 15.
Now 4y 2 – 15 = (2y) 2 – ( √15) 2
= (2y + √15)(2y − √15)

13 / 24
 The zeroes of f(y) are given by f(y) = 0
⇒(2y) + √15)(2y − √15) = 0
⇒ (2y) + √15) = 0 or (2y − √15) = 0
⇒ 2y = − √15 or 2y = √15
√15 √15
⇒ y = − or y =
2 2
√15 √15
Hence, the zeroes of the given quadratic polynomial are − 2
, 2
Verification of relationship between zeroes and coefficients
√15 √15 − √15 + √15 0 0
Sum of the zeroes = − 2
+ 2
= 2
= 2
= 0 = 4
coefficient of y
=
coefficient of y 2
√15 √15 15 constant term
Product of zeroes = − × = − = .
2 2 4 coefficient of y 2
43. ∵ α and β are zeroes of given polynomial
So, x2 + 9x + 20 = 0
x2 + 4x + 5x + 20 = 0
x(x + 4) + 5(x + 4) = 0
(x + 5)(x + 4) = 0
x = -5 and x = -4
∴ α = -5 and β = -4
Now, α + 1 = -4 and β + 1 = -3
So, product of zeroes= (-4) × (-3) = 12
Sum of zeroes = -7
Now polynomial = x2 - (sum of zeroes)x + (product of zeroes)
Polynomial = x2 + 7x + 12
−q
44. Sum of zeroes = p
<0 [as zeroes are negative means sum of zeroes is negative]
q
So that p
>0
⇒ q > 0, p > 0 or q < 0, p < 0…….. (i)
r
Product of zeros = p
> 0 [as zeroes are negative means product of zeroes is positive]
⇒ r > 0, p > 0 or r < 0, p < 0 ………. (ii)
∴ From (i) and (ii), p, q and r will have same signs i.e.
Either p > 0, q > 0, r > 0
Or p < 0, q < 0, r < 0.
−3 1
45. Here, α + β = and α ⋅ β = − 2
[Given]
2√ 5

f(x) = x2 - (α + β)x + αβ [Formula]

= x2 −
( ) ( )
−3
2√ 5
x+ −2

3
1

1
⇒ f(x) = x 2 + x− 2
2√ 5

⇒ f(x) = 2√5x 2 + 3x − √5
For zeroes of polynomial f(x), f(x) = 0
2
⇒ 2 5x + 3x −
√ √5 = 0
⇒ 2√5x 2 + 5x − 2x − √5 = 0
⇒
√5x(2x + √5) − 1(2x + √5) = 0
⇒ (2x + √5)(√5x − 1) = 0
⇒ (2x + √5) = 0 or √5x − 1 = 0

14 / 24
 − √5 1
⇒ x= 2
or x =
√5
− √5 1
∴ α= and β = .
2 √5
46. Consider general quadratic polynomial p(x) = ax 2 + bx + c, a ≠ 0
b = 0 (given)
Let α, β be the zeroes of p(x)
b 0
∴ Sum of zeroes = α + β = − a
= a
= 0
⇒α + β=0
⇒α=-β
In other words β = -α
∴ The zeroes are α, - α.
Hence, the zeroes are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.
47. Sum of the zeroes: (2 + β) = (-1)
Product of the zeroes : 2β = -20
So, required Quadratic polynomial

[
= x 2 + (α + β)x + 2β ]
= [x 2 + ( − 1)x + ( − 20]
= x 2 − x − 20
⇒ x 2 − x − 20 = 0 is the polynomial
48. 2s 2 + (1 + 2√2)s + √2
= 2s 2 + s + 2√2s + √2
= s(2s + 1) + √2(2s + 1)
= (2s + 1)(s + √2)
1
⇒ s = − 2 , − √2 are zeroes of the polynomial.
1 1 + 2√ 2
Sum of zeroes = − [ 2 + √2] = − 2
−b 1 + 2√ 2
Also, a
= − 2
−b
⇒ Sum of zeroes = a
−1 √2
Product of zeroes = 2
× − √2 = 2
c √2
and a
= 2
c
⇒ Product of zeroes =
a
49. The given polynomial is:
3
p(y) = y 2 + 2 √5y − 5
For zeroes of f(y), put f(y) = 0
3
⇒ y2 +√5y − 5 = 0
2
⇒ 2y 2
+ 3 √5y − 10 = 0
⋅

⇒ 2y 2 + 4√5y − 1√5y − 10 = 0
⇒ 2y(y + 2√5) − √5[y + 2√5] = 0
⇒ (y + 2√5)(2y − √5) = 0
Therefore, either y + 2√5 = 0 or 2y − √5 = 0
√5
⇒ y = − 2√5 or y = 2
Now Verification of the relations between α, β and a, b, c

15 / 24
 √5 3
We have, α = − 2√5, β = 2
, a = 1, b = 2 √5 and c = -5
−b
α+β= a
−3
√5 2 √5
⇒ − 2√ 5 + 2
= 1
− 4√ 5 + √ 5 −3
⇒
2
= 2 √5
− 3√ 5 −3
⇒
2
= 2 √5
⇒ LHS = RHS

Hence, verified.
c
Also we know that α ⋅ β = a

⇒ ( − 2√5)
()
√5
2
=
−5
1

⇒ -5 = -5
⇒ LHS = RHS
Hence, verified.
50. P (x) = 2x2 – 4 x + 5
Here, a = 2 , b = – 4, c = 5
Let zeroes be α, β
−b − ( −4)
Sum of zeroes α + β = a
= 2
= 2
c 5
Product of zeroes α × β = =
a 2

i. α 2 + β2 = (α + β)2 - 2 αβ
5
= (2)2 – 2( 2 )
=4–5
⇒ α2 + β2 = – 1
ii. (α – β)2 = (α + β)2 – 4αβ
5
= (2)2 – 4 ( 2 )
= 4 – 2(5)
= 4 – 10
=-6
(α – β)2 = -6
51. 4x2 + 5√2x - 3
= 4x2 + 6√2x − √2x - 3
= 2√2x(√2x + 3) − 1(√2x + 3)
= (2√2x − 1)(√2x + 3)
1 3
⇒ x= and x = − are zeroes of the polynomial
2√ 2 √2
If given polynomial is 4x2 + 5√2x - 3, then a = 4, b = 5√2 and c = -3
1 −3 1−6 −5
Now, Sum of zeroes = + = = ....... (i)
2√ 2 √2 2√ 2 2√ 2

−b − 5√ 2 −5
Also, a
= 4
= .......... (ii)
2√ 2

From (i) and (ii)

−b
Sum of zeroes =
a

16 / 24
 1 −3 −3
Product of zeroes = × = 4
.......... (iii)
2√ 2 √2
c −3
Also, = ........ (iv)
a 4
From (iii) and (iv)
c
Product of zeroes =
a

52. x2 - 6
Let p(x) = x2 - 6
For zeroes of p(x), p(x) = 0
2 2
⇒ x − 6 = 0 ⇒ (x) − ( 6)
2
√ =0
⇒ (x − √6)(x + √6) = 0

Using the identity a2 - b2 = (a - b) (a + b)

⇒ x − √6 = 0 or x + √6 = 0
⇒ x= √6 or x = − √6 ⇒ x= √6, − √6
So, the zeroes of x2 - 6 are √6 and − √6
Sum of zeroes
−0 − Coefficient of x
= (√6) + ( − √6) = 0 = =
1 Coefficient of x 2
Product of zeroes
−6 Constant term
= (√6) × ( − √6) = − 6 = =
1 Coefficient of x 2
Hence the relation between zeroes and coefficient is verified.
53. Given polynomial is
f(x) = x2 - 2x + 3
Compare with ax2 + bx + c, we get
a = 1 , b = -2 and c = 3
b −2
Sum of the zeroes =α + β = − = − =2
a 1
c 3
Product of the zeroes = αβ = a
= 1
=3
i. Sum of the zeroes of new polynomial = (α + 2) + (β + 2)
=α+β+4
=2+4=6
Product of the zeroes of new polynomial = (α + 2)(β + 2)
= αβ + 2α + 2β + 4
= αβ + 2(α + β) + 4
= 3 + 2(2) + 4
= 11
So, quadratic polynomial is: x2 - (sum of the zeroes)x + (product of the zeroes)
= x2 - 6x + 11
Hence, the required quadratic polynomial is f(x) = (x2 - 6x + 11)
α−1 β−1
ii. Sum of the zeroes of new polynomial = α+1
+ β+1
(α−1) (β+1) + (β−1) (α+1)
=
(α+1) (β+1)
αβ + α − β − 1 + αβ + β − α − 1
= (α+1) (β+1)
αβ − 1 + αβ − 1
= αβ + α + β + 1
3−1+3−1
= 3+1+2
4
= 6
2
=
3

17 / 24
 α−1 β−1
Product of the zeroes of new polynomial = α+1
× β+1
(α−1) (β−1)
=
(α+1) (β+1)
αβ − α − β + 1
= αβ + α + β + 1
αβ − ( α + β ) + 1
= αβ + ( α + β ) + 1
3 − 2+1
= 3+ 2 +1
2 1
= 6
= 3

So, the quadratic polynomial is, x2 - (sum of the zeroes)x + (product of the zeroes)
2 1
= x2 − 3 x + 3

Thus, the required quadratic polynomial is f(x) = k x 2 − 3 x + ( 2 1

3 ) .

Section C
54. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The below picture are few natural examples of parabolic shape which is represented by a quadratic polynomial. A parabolic arch
is an arch in the shape of a parabola. In structures, their curve represents an efficient method of load, and so can be found in
bridges and in architecture in a variety of forms.

(i) a is a non zero real number and b and c are any real numbers.
(ii) D = 0
(iii)2x2 - x + 8k
1 8k
α× α
= 2
1 = 4k
1
k= 4

( )
(iv)
−b − coefficient of x
α+β= i.e.,
a coefficient of x 2

αβ =
c
a
i.e.,
( constant term
coeff of x 2 )
55. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Rainbow is an arch of colours that is visible in the sky after rain or when water droplets are present in the atmosphere. The colours
of the rainbow are generally, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Each colour of the rainbow makes a parabola. We
know that any quadratic polynomial p(x) = ax2 + bx + c (a ≠ 0) represents a parabola on the graph paper.

18 / 24
 (i) Graph of y = f(x) intersects X-axis at two distinct points. So we can say that no of zeros of y = f(x) is 2.
(ii) There will not be any zero if graph of f(x) does not intersect x- axis.
(iii)x2 + (a + 1) x + b is the quadratic polynomial.
2 and -3 are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial.
− (a+1)
Thus, 2 + (-3) =
1
(a+1)
⇒
1
=1
⇒ a+1=1
⇒ a = 0

Also, 2 × (-3) = b
⇒ b = -6

(iv)If -4 is zero of given polynomial then,

(-4)2 - 2(-4) - (7p + 3) = 0
⇒ 16 + 8 - 7p - 3 = 0

⇒ 7p = 21
⇒ p=3
Section D
56. 2x2 + 3x - 14 = 2x2 + 7x - 4x - 14
= (x - 2)(2x + 7)
7
x = 2, − 2

Sum of zeroes = 2 + ( ) −
7
2
=−2
3

7
Product of zeroes = 2 × − 2
= -7
b 3
−a =−2
c 14
a
=− 2
= -7
b
⇒ \Hence, sum of zeroes = − a
c
Product of zeroes = a

57. Since α and β are the zeroes of polynomial 3x2 + 2x + 1.

2
Hence, α + β = − 3
1
and αβ = 3
Now, for the new polynomial,
1−α 1−β
Sum of zeroes = 1+α 1+β
+
( 1 − α + β − αβ ) + ( 1 + α − β − αβ )
=
(1+α) (1+β)
2
2 − 2αβ 2− 3
= 1 + α + β + αβ
= 2 1
1− 3 + 3
4/3
∴ Sum of zeroes = 2/3
=2

Product of zeroes = [ ][ ]
1−α
1+α
1−β
1+β
(1−α) (1−β)
= (1+α) (1+β)
1 − ( α + β ) + αβ
=
1 + ( α + β ) + αβ
2 1 6
1+ 3 + 3 3
= 2 1
= 3
=3
1− 3 + 3 3

19 / 24
 Hence, Required polynomial = x2 - (Sum of zeroes)x + Product of zeroes
= x2 - 2x + 3
58. According to the question, α and β are zeroes of p(x) = 6x2 - 5x + k

So, Sum of zeroes = α + β = −

1
( ) −5
6
=
5
6
.......(i)

α−β= 6
(Given) ..........(ii)
Adding equations (i) and (ii) , we get
2α = 1
1
or, α = 2
On putting the value of α in equation (ii), we get
1 1
2
−β= 6
1 1
β= 2
− 6
2 1
β= 6
= 3
k 1 1 1
∴ αβ = = × =
6 2 3 6
Hence, k = 1
59. Since α and β are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2+ 4x + 3
So, α + β = − 4
and αβ = 3
β α
Sum of zeroes of new polynomial = 1 + α
+1+ β
αβ + β 2 + αβ + α 2
= αβ
α 2 + β 2 + 2αβ
= αβ
( α + β )2 ( − 4 )2 16
= αβ
= 3
= 3

Product of zeroes = 1 +
( )( ) β
α
1+
α
β

=
( )( )
α+β
α
β+α
β

( α + β )2
= αβ
( − 4 )2 16
= 3
= 3

So required polynomial = x2 - (Sum of the zeroes)x + Product of the zeroes

= x2 −
() 16
3
x+
16
3

(
= x2 −
16
3
x+
16
3 )
(3x )
1
= 2 − 16x + 16
3
–b c
60. Sum of zeroes of a quadratic polynomial is and the product is
a a
−2 −3
So a + b = 5
and ab = 5
According to question
1 1
Sum of zeroes of the polynomial is a
+ b
a+b
= ab

20 / 24
 −2
5
= −3
5
2
= 3
1
Product of zeroes of the polynomial is ab
1
= −3
5
−5
= 3

We know that a quadratic equation is of the form ax2 + bx + c

2 5
= x2 – 3 x – 3
1
61. Given, β and β
are zeroes of the polynomial (α2 + α)x2 + 61x + 6α.
1 61
∴ β+ = −
β α2 + α
β2 + 1 − 61
or, = .......(i)
β α2 + α
1 6α
and β ⋅ =
β α2 + α
6
or, 1 = α+1
α+1=6
α=5
Substituting this value of α in (i), we get
β2 + 1 − 61 61
= = −
β 52 + 5 30
30β 2 + 30 = − 61β
30β 2 + 61β + 30 = 0
− 61 ± √ ( − 61 ) 2 × 4 × 30 × 30
or,
2 × 30
− 61 ± √3721 − 3600 − 61 ± 11
= 60
= 60
−5 −6
β= 6
or 5
−5 −6
Hence, α = 5, β = ,
6 5
62. Here the given polynomial is
f(s) = 2s 2 − (1 + 2√2)s + √2
= s(2s − 1) − √2(2s − 1)
= (2s − 1)(s − √2)
Hence f(s) = 0 if 2s - 1 = 0 or s − √2 = 0
1
s= 2
or s = √2
Verification of the relation between α, β, a, b and c
1
α= 2
,β = √2,, a = 2, b = − (1 + 2√2), c = √2
−b
α+β= a
1 + ( 1 + 2√ 2 )
⇒ + √2 =
2 2
1 1 2√ 2
⇒
2
+ √2 = 2
+ 2
1 1
⇒ + √2 = + √2
2 2
⇒ LHS = RHS
c
Now, α × β =
a

21 / 24
 ⇒
() 1
2
(√2) =
√2
2

√2 √2
⇒
2
= 2
⇒ LHS = RHS
Hence verified.
63. Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
− Coefficient of x −b
α+β= =
Coefficient of x 2 a
Constant term c
αβ = =a
Coefficient of x 2
We have,

a
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
α2
β
+
β2
α
+b
α
β
+
β
α
=a
α2
β
+
β2
α
+b
α
β
+
β
α

a
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
α2
β
+
β2
α
+b
α
β
+
β
α
=a
α3 + β3
αβ
+b
α2 + β2
αβ

a
( ) ( ) (
α2
β
+
)( β2
α
+b
α
β
+
β
α

−b
=a
( α + β ) 3 − 3αβ ( α + β )

c
αβ
+
( α + β ) 2 − 2αβ
αβ )
By substituting α + β = a
and αβ = a
we get,

( ( ) ( )
)( ) ( )
−b 3 c −b −b 2 c

( )
−3× a −2× a

( )
2 2 a a a
α β α β
a β
+ α
+b β
+ α
=a c +b c
a a

a
( ) ( )
α2
β
+
β2
α
+b
α
β
+
β
α
=a
( )( )
− b3
a3
+

c
a
3bc
a2
+b
b2
a2
− a

c
a
2c

a
( α2
β
+
β2
α ) +b ( α
β
+
β
α ) =a
( − b 3 + 3bca
a3
×
) ( )
a
c
+b
b 2 − 2ca
a2
×
a
c

a
( α2
β
+
β2
α ) +b ( α
β
+
β
α ) =a
( − b 3 + 3abc
a 2c ) ( ) +b
b 2 − 2ca
ac

a
( α2
β
+
β2
α ) +b ( α
β
+
β
α ) =
− b 3 + 3abc
ac
+
b 3 − 2abc
ac

a
( α2
β
+
β2
α ) +b
( α
β
+
β
α ) =
− b 3 + 3abc + b 3 − 2abc
ac

a
( α2
β
+
β2
α ) +b
( α
β
+
β
α ) =
3abc − 2abc
ac

a
( α2
β
+
β2
α ) +b
( α
β
+
β
α ) =
abc
ac

22 / 24
 a
( ) ( )
α2
β
+
β2
α
+b
α
β
+
β
α
=b

( ) ( )
Hence, the value of a
α2
β
+
β2
α
+b
α
β
+
β
α
is b.

64. Here, f(v) = v 2 + 4√3v − 15

For zeroes of f(v), put f(v) = 0
2
⇒ v + 4 3v − 15 = 0
√
⇒ v 2 + 5√3v − 1√3v − 15 = 0 (By splitting the middle term)
⇒ v(v + 5√3) − √3(v + 5√3) = 0
⇒ (v + 5√3)(v − √3) = 0
⇒ (v + 5√3) = 0 or (v − √3) = 0
Therefore, either v = − 5√3 or v = √3
Verification of relations between α, β, a, b, c:
we have, α = − 5√3, β = √3, a = 1, b = 4√3, and c = -15
−b
α+β= a
− 4√ 3
⇒ − 5√ 3 + √ 3 = 1
⇒ − 4√ 3 = − 4 √ 3
⇒ LHS = RHS
Hence, verified.
Also we know that
c
α⋅β=
a
− 15
⇒ ( − 5√3)(√3) = 1
⇒ -5 × 3 = -15
⇒ -15 = -15
⇒ LHS = RHS

Hence, verified.
65. Zeroes are -2, -3
factors are (x + 2), (x + 3)
g(x) = (x + 2) (x + 3) = x2 + 5x + 6
x 4 + 2x 3 − 7x 2 − 8x + 12
= x2 - 3x + 2
x 2 + 5x + 6

x2 - 3x + 2 = (x - 2)(x - 1)
Other zeroes are 2, 1
66. Given quadratic polynomial is
11 2
f(y) = 7y 2 − 3
y− 3
For zeroes of f(y), put f(y) = 0
11 2
⇒ 7y 2 − 3
y− 3
=0

⇒ 21y2 - 11y - 2 = 0
⇒ 21y2 - 14y + 3y - 2 = 0 (by splitting the middle term method)
⇒ 7y(3y - 2) + 1(3y - 2) = 0
⇒ (3y - 2)(7y + 1) = 0
Therefore, either 3y - 2 = 0 or 7y + 1 = 0
2 −1
⇒ y= or y =
3 7
Now Verification of the relations between α, β ,a, b, and c:

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 2 −1 11 −2
We have α = 3
, β= 7
, a = 7, b = − 3
, c= 3
−b
⇒ α+β=
a
11

() 2 1 + 3
⇒
3
− 7
= 7

14 − 3 11 1
⇒
21
= 3
× 7
11 11
⇒
21
= 21
⇒ LHS = RHS
Hence verified.
c
Also, we know that α ⋅ β = a
−2

⇒
() ( )
−2
2
3
×

−2
−1
7
1
=
3

⇒
21
= 3
× 7
−2 −2
⇒
21
= 21
⇒ LHS = RHS
Hence verified.
67. According to the question, αand βare zeroes of p(x) = 6x2 - 5x + k

So, Sum of zeroes =α + β = −

1
( )
−5
6
=
5
6
.......(i)

α−β= 6
(Given).......(ii)
Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get
2α= 1
1
or, α = 2
On putting the value of α in equation (ii), we get
1 1
2
−β= 6
1 1
β= 2
− 6
2 1
β= 6
= 3
k 1 1
∴ αβ = = ×
6 2 3
Hence, k = 1

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