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Chapter 1 Logic Gates

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28 views9 pages

Chapter 1 Logic Gates

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abhijitshinde989s
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT I

Chapter 2 Logic Gates

Syllabus points

A. Study of Basic logic gates

Logic gates are the basic building blocks of any digital system. It is an electronic circuit
having one or more than one input and only one output. The relationship between the input
and the output is based on certain logic. Based on this, logic gates are named as AND gate,
OR gate, NOT gate etc. All the gate have graphical symbol, mathematical equation, Truth
Table which describes the behavior of the each gate.

Classification of logic gates


1. Basic Gates
a) NOT (Inverter) gate
i. Symbol :

Here input to gate is one named as A. and one output Y


ii. Equation:
Y= A
So the value at input will be inverted at output as shown in truth table.
iii. Truth table:
Input Output
A Y= A

0 1

1 0

b) OR gate
i. Symbol:
Here A and B are two inputs and Y is one output.
ii. Equation:
Y= A+B
iii. Truth table
Input Output

A B Y

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 1

The truth table shows that whenever any input to OR gate is high then the output
will be high.
c) AND gate
i. Symbol :

Here A and B are two inputs and Y is an output terminal.


ii. Equation:
Y= A.B
iii. Truth table
Input Output

A B Y

0 0 0
0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1

The truth table shows that AND gate output will be high only when both
the inputs are high. Otherwise the output is low

2. Universal gates
A universal gate is a gate which can implement any Boolean function without need to use
any other gate type. The NAND and NOR gates are universal gates. In practice, this is
advantageous since NAND and NOR gates are economical and easier to fabricate and are
the basic gates used in all IC digital logic families.
1. NAND gate :
i. Symbol :

Here A and B are two inputs and Y is one output.


ii. Equation :
Y= A . B
iii. Truth table :
Input Output

A B Y

0 0 1

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0
The truth table shows that NAND gate output will be high any one of the inputs is
low.
2. NOR gate :
i. Symbol :

Here A and B are two inputs and Y is one output.


ii. Equation :
Y= A+ B

iii. Truth table :


Input Output

A B Y

0 0 1

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 0

The truth table shows that NOR gate output will be high only when all the inputs
are low.
3. Exclusive gates :
There are two types of exclusives gates present as stated and explained below:
a. Exclusive OR (EX-OR)
i. Symbol :
Here A and B are two inputs and Y is one output.
ii. Equation :
Y= A ⊕ B
iii. Truth table :
Input Output

A B Y

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0

The truth table shows that EX-OR gate output will be high when odd numbers of
inputs are low. When even number of inputs are high output is low.

b. Exclusive NOR
i. Symbol :

Here A and B are two inputs and Y is one output.


ii. Equation :
Y= A ⊕ B
iii. Truth table :
Input Output

A B Y

0 0 1

0 1 0
1 0 0

1 1 1

The truth table shows that EX-OR gate output will be high when even numbers of
inputs are low. When even number of inputs are high output is low.

Write note on NOR and NAND as Universal Gate.


NOR is OR gate with inverter
NAND is AND gate with inverter

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