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1 A mixture of three coloured compounds was separated using the apparatus shown in the diagram.

lid

paper

baseline

(a) Give the name of the item of apparatus labelled A.

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(b) One drop of the mixture of coloured compounds was placed on the paper and some solvent
was poured into A.

Draw on the diagram:

●  spot (●) to show where the drop of the mixture of coloured compounds should be placed
a
on the paper at the start of the experiment

● a line to show the level of the solvent in A at the start of the experiment.
[2]

(c) Name an item of apparatus that should be used to place a drop of the mixture of coloured
compounds onto the paper.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) State when the paper should be removed from the solvent in A.

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(e) Name this method of separation of coloured compounds.

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 [Total: 6]
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2 A student investigated the temperature change when two different aqueous solutions of
sodium hydroxide, solution G and solution H, reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Two experiments were done.

(a) Experiment 1
● A burette was rinsed with distilled water and then with dilute hydrochloric acid.
● The burette was filled with the dilute hydrochloric acid. The hydrochloric acid was then run
out through the tap until the level was on the 0.00 cm3 mark.
● A 50 cm3 measuring cylinder was used to pour 20 cm3 of solution G into a beaker.
● A thermometer was used to measure the initial temperature of solution G.
● 5 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid was added from the burette into the beaker.
● The mixture in the beaker was stirred using the thermometer and the temperature of the
mixture was measured.
● Another 5 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid was added from the burette into the beaker.
● The mixture in the beaker was stirred using the thermometer and the temperature of the
mixture was measured.
● 5 cm3 portions of dilute hydrochloric acid continued to be added and the temperature
measured until a total of 35 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid had been added.

Experiment 2
● Experiment 1 was repeated using solution H instead of solution G.
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Use the thermometer diagrams to complete the table.

Experiment 1 using solution G Experiment 2 using solution H

total volume
temperature temperature
of dilute thermometer temperature thermometer temperature
change change
hydrochloric diagram / C diagram / C
since start since start
acid added
/ C / C
/ cm3

30 30

0 25 25

20 20
30 30

5 25 25

20 20
30 30

10 25 25

20 20
30 30

15 25 25

20 20
30 30

20 25 25

20 20
30 30

25 25 25

20 20
30 30

30 25 25

20 20
30 30

35 25 25

20 20

[6]
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(b) Complete a suitable scale on the y-axis and plot the results from Experiments 1 and 2 on the
grid.

Draw two smooth line graphs. Both curves must start at (0,0). Clearly label your lines.

temperature
change / C

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
total volume of dilute hydrochloric acid added / cm3

[5]

(c) 
From your graph, deduce the temperature change obtained when a total volume of 13 cm3 of
dilute hydrochloric acid is added in Experiment 1.

Show clearly on the grid how you worked out your answer.

 temperature change = .............................. °C [2]

(d) Explain why the temperature change decreases towards the end of each experiment.

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(e) Explain what conclusion about the concentrations of solution G and solution H can be made
from the results of Experiments 1 and 2.

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(f) E
 xplain how the results obtained would be different if a polystyrene cup is used instead of the
beaker.

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(g) Give an advantage and a disadvantage of using a burette rather than a measuring cylinder to
add the dilute hydrochloric acid to solution G and solution H.

advantage ...................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

disadvantage ..............................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................
[2]

 [Total: 20]
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3 Solid N and solution O were analysed. Solid N was zinc carbonate.

tests on solid N

(a) Dilute hydrochloric acid was added to a boiling tube containing solid N. Any gas produced was
tested.

observations ...............................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................... [2]

The mixture formed in the boiling tube in (a) was filtered. The filtrate collected was solution P.
Solution P was divided into two approximately equal portions in two test-tubes.

(b) T
 o the first portion of solution P, aqueous sodium hydroxide was added gradually until it was in
excess.

observations ...............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) To the second portion of solution P, aqueous ammonia was added gradually until it was in
excess.

observations ...............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................... [2]
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tests on solution O

tests observations
test 1

A flame test was carried out on solution O. lilac flame

The remaining solution O was divided into three

portions in three test-tubes.

test 2

Universal indicator paper was dipped into the the universal indicator turned purple
first portion of solution O.

test 3

1 cm3 of dilute nitric acid and a few drops of no change

aqueous silver nitrate were added to the
second portion of solution O.

test 4

Aqueous copper(II) sulfate was added blue precipitate

dropwise and then in excess to the third portion which remained in excess
of solution O.

(d) Deduce the pH of solution O.

 pH = .............................. [1]

(e) Identify solution O.

.....................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................... [2]

 [Total: 9]
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4 Many fizzy drinks contain phosphoric acid. Phosphoric acid reacts with sodium hydrogencarbonate
to make carbon dioxide gas.

Value Coke and Kola Koola are two fizzy drinks which contain phosphoric acid as the only acid.


 lan an investigation to find which of these two fizzy drinks contains the highest concentration of
P
phosphoric acid.

Include in your answer how your results will tell you which drink contains the highest concentration
of phosphoric acid.

 ou are provided with samples of both fizzy drinks, solid sodium hydrogencarbonate and common
Y
laboratory apparatus.

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