CONTENT

PAGE NO

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION 1-7

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE SURVEY 7

CHAPTER 3
DEFINITION OF PROBLEM 7-8

CHAPTER 4
METHOD AND METHODOLOGY 9-30
a) About instrument
b) Study areas
c) Tabular column
d) Graph

CHAPTER 5
DISCUSSION 31-38

CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION 38-40

REFERENCE 41-43

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 THE STUDY OF NOISE LEVEL IN AND AROUND
CHIKKAMAGALURU
1.INTRODUCTION
Noise pollution is a major problem in cities around the world. Noise is defined as unwanted
sound. Environmental noise consists of all the unwanted sounds in our communities except that
which originates in the workplace. Environmental noise pollution, a form of air pollution, is a
threat to health and well-being. It is more severe and widespread than ever before, and it will
continue to increase in magnitude and severity because of population growth, urbanization, and
the associated growth in the use of increasingly powerful, varied, and highly mobile sources of
noise. It will also continue to grow because of sustained growth in highway, rail, and air traffic,
which remain major sources of environmental noise. In factory workplace workers are exposed
to high noise due to machinery in routine. The potential health effects of noise pollution are
numerous, pervasive, persistent, medically and socially significant. Noise produces direct and
cumulative adverse effects that impair health and that degrade residential, social and working
environment with corresponding real (economic) and intangible (well-being) losses. Noise
represents an important public health problem that can lead to hearing loss, sleep disruption,
cardiovascular disease, social handicaps, reduced productivity, negative social behaviour,
annoyance reactions, absenteeism and accidents. It can impair the ability to enjoy one's
property and leisure time and increases the frequency of antisocial behavior. Noise adversely
affects general health and well-being in the same way as does chronic stress. It adversely affects
future generations by degrading residential, social, and learning environments with
corresponding economic losses. The aim of enlightened governmental controls should be to
protect citizens from the adverse effects of airborne pollution, including those produced by
noise. People have the right to choose the nature of their acoustical environment; it should not
be imposed by others.[1]

Noise pollution is one of several environmental pollutions across the world. It can be described
as the propagation of noise with a harmful impact on the physiological and psychological lives
of humans or animals. Noise pollution is an invisible danger. It cannot be seen, but it is present
nonetheless, both on land and under the sea. Noise pollution is considered to be any unwanted
or disturbing sound that affects the health and well-being of humans and other organisms.
Sound is measured in decibels. There are many sounds in the environment, from rustling leaves

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(20 to 30 decibels) to a thunderclap (120 decibels) to the wail of a siren (120 to 140 decibels).
Sounds that reach 85 decibels or higher can harm a person’s ears. Sound sources that exceed
this threshold include familiar things, such as power lawn mowers (90 decibels), subway trains
(90 to 115 decibels), and loud rock concerts (110 to 120 decibels).[2]

Noise pollution impacts millions of people on a daily basis. The most common health problem
it causes is Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). Exposure to loud noise can also cause high
blood pressure, heart disease, sleep disturbances, and stress. These health problems can affect
all age groups, especially children. Many children who live near noisy airports or streets have
been found to suffer from stress and other problems, such as impairments in memory, attention
level, and reading skill. Noise pollution also impacts the health and well- being of wildlife.
Studies have shown that loud noises cause caterpillars’ hearts to beat faster and bluebirds to
have fewer chicks. Animals use sound for a variety of reasons, including to navigate, find food,
attract mates, and avoid predators. Noise pollution makes it difficult for them to accomplish
these tasks, which affects their ability survives. Increasing noise is not only affecting animals
on land, it is also a growing problem for those that live in the ocean. Ships, oil drills, sonar
devices, and seismic tests have made the once tranquil marine environment loud and chaotic.
Whales and dolphins are particularly impacted by noise pollution. These marine mammals rely
on echolocation to communicate, navigate, feed, and find mates, and excess noise interferes
with their ability to effectively echolocate. Some of the loudest underwater noise comes from
naval sonar devices. Sonar, like echolocation, works by sending pulses of sound down into the
depths of the ocean to bounce off an object and return an echo to the ship, which indicates a
location for object. Sonar sounds can be as loud as 235 decibels and travel hundreds of miles
under water, interfering with whales’ ability to use echolocation. Research has shown that sonar
can cause mass stranding’s of whales on beaches and alter the feeding behavior of endangered
blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus). Environmental groups are urging the U.S. Navy to stop
or reduce using sonar for military training. Noise pollution becomes an increasingly larger issue
in big cities[3][4]. Noise or sound pollution is usually not studied compared with other forms
of pollution such as air water, soil, light and radioactive. The reason is that the adverse effects
of other forms of pollution on humans are more pronounced. Notwithstanding, noise pollution
remains a serious health concern in the study area (Ota, Nigeria) in particular and the entire
planet. Some of the identified sources of noise pollution are loud music from concerts, religious
buildings like churches and mosques, noise emitting generators. political rallies, road
advertisement, traffic and air transportation, sporting events, construction and industrial

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activities. In all the mentioned sources, areas that have high risk of noise pollution are
residential places near to major roads and airports and manufacturing industries for example,
small-scale industries steel rolling industries, oil and gas industry and so on [5]. The health
effects of noise pollution cannot be overemphasized. This has prompted the World Health
Organization (WHO) and the Federal Environment Protection Agency (FEPA) (Nigeria) to set
standards and limits of allowable noise levels. Noise pollution occurs when it is observed that
those standards are exceeded as seen in. The most common manifestation of noise pollution is
hearing loss or impairment. Hearing impairment is mostly classified as occupational hazards
especially when the individual is affiliated with industry that propagates loud sound or noise.
Moreover, several physiological and psychological effects of noise pollution exist. The
combination of noise and air pollution is associated with respiratory ailments, dizziness and
tiredness in school children. In adults, noise pollution has been found to be associated with
high blood pressure and cognitive difficulties. A look at the literature showed the abundance of
evidence of the adverse effects of noise pollution on the general public health. The worsening
situation of noise pollution is that it has not been upgraded to the level of the other forms of
pollution. Also, recommendations suggested by several authors on the different strategies on
tackling noise pollution has not been considered and implemented. However, noise pollution
continues to impact negatively on fetal development, annoyance and anxiety, mental health
crisis, sleep disturbance and insomnia, cardiovascular disorders in pregnant women, cardio
cerebrovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes incidence and medically unexplained physical
symptoms. Other auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health are myocardial infarction
incidence, peptic ulcers and disruption of communication and retentive capabilities in children.
Florence Nightingale recognized noise as a health hazard in 1859 when she wrote
“Unnecessary noise is the cruellest abuse of care which can be inflicted on either the sick or
the well”. Noise pollution; an urban territorial phenomenon is assuming serious proportions in
every city. The frequency and intensity of pollution has been increasing day by day. Noise
pollution is an annoyance to human beings. The noise is usually machine-created sound that
disrupts activity or balance of human’s way of life. It is a growing environmental problem that
is increasingly becoming an omnipresent, yet unnoticed form of pollution not only in developed
countries but also in the developing countries. The word noise is derived from Latin word
‘‘Nausea’’ implying ‘‘unwanted sound’’ or sound that is loud, unpleasant or unexpected. It can
be defined as wrong sound, in the wrong place and at the wrong time when compared with
those experienced by modern city dwellers; noise pollution continues to grow in extent,
frequency, and severity as a result of population growth, urbanization, and technological
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developments. Due to exposure of noise people are suffering from difference kinds of diseases
like Hearing Impairment, Interference with spoken communication, Sleep disturbances,
cardiovascular disturbances, Annoyance etc. This paper aims to study and analyze the noise
pollution levels in major areas in Ota metropolis. [6]

1.1 Different types of noise

Noises are categorized in four different ways. The things you hear throughout the day can be
either a continuous noise, intermittent noise, impulsive noise, or low frequency noise. By
understanding these categorizations, you’ll better understand the measures you can take to
protect your hearing.

a. Continuous noise:

Continuous noise comes from objects or machines that run without interruption. These noises
are noticeable and happen all around us wherever we go. In a factory setting, these types of
noise emanate from large machinery that works continuously to keep production consistent. In
a car, you hear continuous noises from functional objects, like a running engine, or from other
things, like the “thrum, thrum, thrum” noises you hear while driving with your windows down.

b. Intermittent noise:

Intermittent noises are infrequent but regular within your daily life. Generally, they come from
loud bursts that you notice but are not surprised by. These types of noise can sometimes have
a large impact on your quality of life. For example, if you live next to railroad tracks, you may
wake up in the middle of the night to the sounds of a freight train’s horn. Many people pay
more money for housing to avoid this type of problem. This can also be shown by the lack of
development around airports. Many people don’t want to live in a place where they will hear
planes taking off at all hours of the day and night.

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c. Impulsive noise:

An impulsive noise, on the other hand, is not regularly scheduled or recognized. Instead, it is a
surprising burst or sound that causes people to look up to see what’s going on.

Frequently, these types of noise are heard in restaurants as waiters or waitresses accidentally
drop a pile of dishes on the ground. When this happens, the restaurant generally calms down a
little as people look around for the source of the noise. Strangers shouting on the street or loud
bursts from construction sites are also considered impulsive noises.

d. Low frequency noise:

A low frequency noise comes from objects around us in everyday life. It is one of the hardest
types of noise to reduce, and it makes a seemingly silent room still register sound levels around
30-40 decibels. In an office setting, this noise comes from a heating or ventilation system. In

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your home, it comes from the ticking on a grandfather clock. Generally, we don’t even
recognize these types of noise unless we direct our attention towards them.[7]

2.REVIEW OF LITERATURE SURVEY

The review results revealed that standard methodology was lacking in many of the reviewed
studies for noise measurement in various land - use patterns, especially the duration of noise
monitoring; noise levels exceeded the prescribed noise standards in almost every noise
assessment study across the globe irrespective of land-use or designated zone, and are
exhibiting rising ;trends particularly due to traffic -induced noise; the majority of ; the majority
of the urban population has been exposed to the noisy environment and affected with significant
physiological and psychological health impact; noise geospatial mapping has demonstrated
high potential in noise abatement and management.

Based on the review results, the present study has suggested some future research perspectives
of noise abatement and management that include a focus on-methodical noise assessment with
prescribed guidelines of noise measurement and standards; geospatial noise mapping of urban
areas, and real-time information system ; universal database management software(DBMS)
such as SQL and improved to compile data in single storage that will allow multiple users to
access data despite different geographical locations; awareness programs using multi- media
approaches in urban areas; and strict implementation of noise laws and regulations, that leads
to development of advanced ,technologies ,integrated strategies, and sustainable environmental
planning to mitigate the menace of noise pollution.[8]

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3.DEFINATION OF PROBLEMS

In acoustics, noise measurement can be for the purpose of measuring environmental noise or
measuring noise in the workplace. Applications include monitoring of construction
sites, aircraft noise, road traffic noise, entertainment venues and neighbourhood noise. One of
the definitions of noise covers all "unwanted sounds". When sound levels reach a high
enough intensity, the sound, whether it is wanted or unwanted, may be damaging to
hearing. Environmental noise monitoring is the measurement of noise in an outdoor
environment caused by transport (e.g. motor vehicles, aircraft, and trains), industry (e.g.
machines) and recreational activities (e.g. music). The laws and limits governing
environmental noise monitoring differ from country to country.

At the very least, noise may be annoying or displeasing or may disrupt the activity or balance
of human or animal life, increasing levels of aggression, hypertension and stress. In the
extreme, excessive levels or periods of noise can have long-term negative health effects such
as hearing loss tinnitus, sleep disturbances, a rise in blood pressure, an increase
in stress and vasoconstriction, and an increased incidence of coronary artery disease. In
animals, noise can increase the risk of death by altering predator or prey detection and
avoidance, interfering with reproduction and navigation, and contributing to
permanent tinnitus and hearing loss.

Various interventions are available to combat environmental noise. Roadway noise can be
reduced by the use of noise barriers, limitation of vehicle speeds, alteration of roadway surface
texture, limitation of heavy vehicles, use of traffic controls that smooth vehicle flow to reduce
braking and acceleration, and tire design. Aircraft noise can be reduced by using quieter jet
engines, altering flight paths and considering the time of day to benefit residents near airports.
Industrial noise is addressed by redesign of industrial equipment, shock mounted assemblies
and physical barriers in the workplace.

Noise may be measured using a sound level meter at the source of the noise. Alternatively, an
organization or company may measure a person's exposure to environmental noise in a
workplace via a noise dosimeter. The measurements taken using either of these methods will
be evaluated according to the standards below.[9] [10] [11] [12].

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4.METHOD AND METHODOLOGY

4.1 About Instrument

sound-level meter, device for measuring the intensity of noise, music, and other sounds. A
typical meter consists of a microphone for picking up the sound and converting it into an
electrical signal, followed by electronic circuitry for operating on this signal so that the desired
characteristics can be measured. The indicating device is usually a meter calibrated to read the
sound level in decibels (dB; a logarithmic unit used to measure

the sound intensity). Threshold of hearing is about zero decibels for the average young listener,
and threshold of pain (extremely loud sounds) is around 120 decibels, representing a power
1,000,000,000,000 (or 1012) times greater than zero decibels.

The electronic circuitry can be adjusted to read the level of most frequencies in the sound being
measured or the intensity of selected bands of frequencies. Because the alternating current (AC)
signal received by the unit’s microphone first must be converted to a direct current (DC), a time
constant must be incorporated to average the signal. The constant selected depends on the
purpose for which the instrument was designed or for which it is being used.

A typical sound-level meter can be switched between a scale that reads sound intensities
uniformly for most frequencies—called unweighted— and a scale that introduces a frequency-
dependent weighting factor, thus yielding a response more nearly like that of the human ear. A-
frequency- weighting is the most commonly used standard, but B-, C-, D-, and Z- frequency-
weightings also exist. The A-frequency-weighting scale is useful in describing how complex
noises affect people. Thus, the scale is recognized internationally for measurements relating to
prevention of deafness from excessive noise in work environments.

In the early 1970s, as concern about noise pollution increased, accurate, versatile, portable
noise-measuring instruments were developed. Sound level is not a measure of loudness, as
loudness is a subjective factor and depends on the characteristics of the ear of the listener. In
an attempt to overcome this problem, scales have been developed to correlate loudness with
objective measurements of sound. The Fletcher–Munson curve, for example, shows the

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relationship between loudness in decibels and subjectively judged loudness. Other variables
have also been studied.[13]

SOUND LEVEL METER [MODEL: S8607]

SUMMARY

S8607 noise meter is use of environmental sound level instrument, can be widely used in such
as factories, workshops, schools, residential, office areas, traffic roads, audio and other
occasions of sound level measurement. Also suitable for noise engineering, product quality
control, health prevention and control.

SAFETY ATTENTION

The noise meter is designed and manufactured in strict accordance with iec-651 standard.
Please use the noise meter in accordance with the specifications operating environment:

• Altitude < 2000m

• Relative humidity ≤ 90%rh

• Operating temperature 0≈+40°C

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FEATUREAS

• A Weighted network (automatic switching range display)

• F/S (fast /slow mode selection)

• Maximum measurement

• Minimum value measurement

• The measurement result (hold) function

• Sound level OVER or UNDER indicates

• LCD with backlight

• Auto power off function

• Low -battery indicator

LCD DISPLAY DESCRIPTION

1. Sound level numeric display area

2. A sound level frequency meter weight

3. Fast

4 .Over

5. UNDER

6. SLOW

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 7. Measuring time (second)

8. Low battery symbol

9. Backlight symbol

10. MINIMUM

11. MAXIMUM

12.Data holding symbol

PANEL INSTRUCTION

1. Sponge sleeve with dummy head

2. Head bracket (built – in head)

3. LCD display monitor

4. F/S mode selection key

5. Power off key

6. MAX/ MIN measuring key

7. Data hold key

8. Backlight on key

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TECHNICAL INDEX

Frequency Response 31.5Hz~8KHz

Measuring range 30~130db

Accuracy ±1.5db(94db@1KHz)

Display resolution 0.1db

Frequency weighting characterstic A sound level frequency meter weight

Battery 3*1.5V AAA 7#

Operating temperature 0~+40°C

Operating humidity 10~90%RH

Storage temperature -10-60°C

Storage humdity 10-75%RH

Boundary dimension 150*52*30mm

Weight 102g

Accessory Instruction manual,

battery, sponge cover

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Measuring method

• Install the battery: OPEN the battery cover on the back of instrument, and load 3 no. 7
1.5V batteries according to the battery polarity label in the battery box. pay attention to
the battery polarity, do not install the battery backwards.

• Press the middle power switch button to enter the automatic measurement state after
starting up. The lower left corner of the display displays FAST mode, the lower right corner
value is the current measurement time, and the middle display value is the measured field sound
level. If the display displays “UNDER’’ OR “OVER” characters, the sound level is lower than
30db or higher than 130db.

• Prees the MODE key, you can convert the response speed of the noise meter, FAST, SLOW;
Press RANGE key to measure the maximum value of MAX and minimum value of MIN; Press
the HOLD key to hold the measured sound level value. Press the backlight button to turn on/off
backlight.

• After power-on, the backlight will automatically light up and turn off after 30 sec. Press the
backlight button to turn on the backlight.

• After power-on, the backlight will automatically light up and turn off after 30 sec. Press the
backlight button to turn not backlight.

• In the boot state, press the power switch and the instrument will shut down immediately.

• Automatic SHUTDOWN: 3 minutes after the stop button, the meter will automatically
shutdown to save power.

• Low power indicator: when the battery voltage decreases to a certain extent, the battery
symbol in the upper right of the display will light up. In this case, the battery should be replaced.

WARM PROMPT

• Do not use in high temperature and humid place.

• Remove the battery if not used for a long time to avoid battery leakage and damage to the
instrument.

• For outdoor sound level measurement, put a windproof sponge on the head holder to avoid
airflow noise caused by the wind.

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 • If the battery symbol is displayed in the upper right corner of the screen, the battery voltage
is too low. Replace the battery.

PARTICULARS FURNISHED

• Meters are handled in accordance with local laws and regulations.

• The company reserves the right to update and modify the product design specifications and
instructions without prior notice.[14]

4.2 STUDY AREA

Chikkamagaluru

Chikkamagaluru is a city and the headquarters of Chikmagalur district in the Indian state of
Karnataka. Located on the foothills of the Mulayanagiri peak of the Western Ghats, the city
attracts tourists from around the world for its pleasant and favorable hill

station climate, tropical rainforest and coffee estates. The pristine Baba Budangiri lies to the
north of Chikmagalur where it's believed Baba Budan first introduced coffee to India.

Geography
Chikmagalur is situated in the Malenadu region of Karnataka in

the Deccan plateau in the foothills of the Western Ghats. It is situated at an elevation of 1,090
metres (3,580 ft) above mean sea level, meaning, it is the third highest city in Karnataka. The
Yagachi River has its source near the town and flows in the south-easterly direction before
uniting with the Hemavati river

Chikmagalur is around 240 km from the state capital Bangalore, 183 km from Mysore and 305
km from Hubli.

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Rainfall

In 2022, Chikkamagaluru hobli received an annual rainfall of 1,590 millimetres (63 in).

Demographics

As of 2011 Indian Census, Chikmagalur city had a total population of 118,401, of which 58,702
were males and 59,699 were females.

Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 11,633. The total number of literates in
Chikmagalur was 96,359, which constituted 81.4% of the population with male literacy of
83.7% and female literacy of 79.1%. The effective literacy rate of

7+ population of Chikmagalur was 90.3%, of which male literacy rate was 93.1% and female
literacy rate was 87.5%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 16,423
and 1,734 respectively.

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Chikmagalur had 28545 households in 2011.

Transport

Rail and road are the two modes of transportation that are available in the city. NH-173
(formerly KM Road) passes through the town connecting with the port city Mangalore, located
150 kilometres (93 mi) away. State Highway 57 (Karnataka) connects the city to Mysore via
Hassan in the south and to Shimoga, (via Lingadahalli) in the north.

A railway line connects Chikmagalur railway station to Kadur Junction railway station. The
nearest international airport is Mangalore International Airport.

Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation provides inter-state, inter- city and intra-city bus
services to the city. NWKRTC and KKRTC buses travelling to Dharmasthala, all pass through
Charmadi Ghat, thus giving the city, very good connectivity with the cities of northern
Karnataka, like Hubli, Ballari, Bijapur, Kalaburagi etcetera.

Population density according to 2011 Cense

According to the 2011 census, Chikmagalur district has a population of 1,137,961,[11] roughly
equal to the nation of Cyprus[12] or the US state

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of Rhode Island.[13] This gives it a ranking of 408th in India (out of a total of 640).[11] The
district has a population density of 158 inhabitants per square kilometre (410/sq mi).[11] Its
population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was −0.28%.[11] Child proportion(0-6 Age)
accounts for 9.26% of the population.[14] Chikmagalur has a sex ratio of

1005 females for every 1000 males,[11] and a literacy rate of 79.24%. 21.05% of the population
lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 22.29% and 3.95% of
the population respectively Among taluks, Sringeri taluk has the least population whereas
Chikmagalur taluk has the highest population.

Industries

Chikmagalur district unfortunately has not made good progress in terms of Industrial
Development. Inadequate infrastructure investors preferring non-industrial ventures over
industrial ones are quoted as some of the reasons for the backwardness of Industrial
Development in this district.[19][20]

There is only one Large Scale industry in this district, i.e.

M/s Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Ltd. (KIOCL) in Kudremukh area of Mudigere Taluk.
KIOCL was established in 1976 to develop the Kudremukh mine and to produce 7.5 million
tonnes of concentrate per

year. The facilities were commissioned in 1980 and the first shipment of concentrate was made
in October 1981. A pelletisation plant with a capacity of 3 million tonnes per year was
commissioned in 1987 for production of high quality blast furnace and direct reduction grade
pellets for export.[21] KIOCL received a massive setback when its mining licence expired and
operations were stopped by the Supreme Court with effect from 31 December 2005.[22] With
many of the employees losing their jobs and the social backlash that may result thereof, efforts
are being made to generate jobs for these workers in other areas.[23]

There are two industrial estates in Chikmagalur district, one located near Chikmagalur town
and the other near Birur in Kadur Taluk. The Chikmagalur Industrial Estate is spread over 13.20
acres (53,400 m2) of land where the one at Birur is spread over 11.1 acres (45,000 m2).

Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board (KIADB) is also developing an Industrial Area
of over 145 acres (0.59 km2) near Amble village of Chikmagalur taluk.[15][16][17]

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MONITORING AREAS

• KSRTC BUS STATION

• AZAAD PARK
• MALLEGOWDA DISTRICT HOSPITAL (GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL)
• CITY MUNCIPAL OFFICE
• DISTRICT COURT
• DISTRICT LIBRARY
• SHOPPING MALL
• HANUMANTHAPPA CIRCLR
• MALALURU VILLAGE
• COFFEE CURING
• HOLY CROSS HOSPITAL
• IDSG GOVERNMENT COLLEGE
• ZILLA PANCHAYAT OFFICE

SITE 1:KSRTC BUS STATION

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 KSRTC Bus station is west part, middle of the city.

SITE 2: AZAAD PARK

Azaad park is located at Belur road, vijayanagar chikkamagaluru

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SITE 3:ARALAGUPPE MALEGOWDA HOSPITAL

Aralaguppe malegowda hospital is situated near the azad park and opposite to city
muncipal office

SITE 4: CITY MUNCIPAL OFFICE

Muncipal office is located near the aralaguppe malegowda hospital

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SITE 5: DISTRICT COURT

District court is situated in court road ,opposite,SBM . vijaya nagar ,chikkamagaluru

SITE 6: DISTRICT LIBARARY

District libarary is located in vijay nagar chikkamagaluru.

SITE 7: SHOPPING MALL

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 This shopping mall is located in M G road, chikkamagaluru
SITE 8: HANUMANTHAPPA CIRCLE

This circle is located in center of the city, and it also called trrafic zone of city.
SITE 9: MALALURU

This village is located 9KM towards south from head quarters of chikkamagaluru.

SITE 10: COFFEE CURRING

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Jyanthi coffee curring is situated KSSIDC Industrial Area K.M Road, Jyothina Post,
Chikkamagaluru.
SITE 11: HOLY CROSS HOSPITAL

Holycross hospital is situated in km road Jyothi nagar ,housing board

layout,chikkamagluru.
SITE 12: IDSG GOVERNMENT COLLEGE

IDSG government college is located in Jyothinagar, K M road, beekanahalli,

chikkamagaluru.

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 SITE 13: ZILLA PANCHAYAT

Zilla panchayat is situated in K M road , jyothi nagar, chikkamagaluru.

4.3 TABULAR COLUMN - PERMITTED NOISE PRESSURE LEVELS

Permitted noise pressure levels dB(A)

according to type of place

Concert and opera halls, recording studios, theaters, 25-30

cinemas, etc.

Bedrooms, TV and radio studios, conference 25-30

room,classrooms,
camers,libararies, etc.

Living and living rooms, operating offices, hotel 30-35

bedrooms, patient bedrooms.

Lobby, private office areas, court buildings,fountains 40-45

,
hospitals, museums,etc.

Open spaces,wet spaces,reception areas, general 45-50

usage areas ,shops,shopping
centers,restaurants,etc.

Kitchen volumes, laundry, server rooms, 50-55

cafeterias,market areas,fairgrounds,entertainment
centers,schools ,nightclubs,etc.

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WHO GUIDELINES FOR NOISE / CPC

Page | 26
READINGS

Page | 27
4.4GRAPH
Series 1-WHO Readings
Series 2-studied Readings

Industrial area – jayanti coffee curing factory

Commercial areas

• Bus stand

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 • Azaad park
• Muncipal office
• District court
• Shopping Mall
• Zilla panchayath office

Category 1-Government hospital

Category 2- Holy cross hospital

Category 1 .Library

Page | 29
Category 1 .IDSG Govt college

Category 1. Rural area- malaluru

Category 1.Traffic zone- hanumanthappa circle

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The graph shows that in some areas noise permissible level has been crossed the
WHO permitted noise levels, this because of increase in the population growth,
Industrial areas and commercial activities.

5.DISCUSSION
5.1Why we measure noise,
That very intense noise may cause hearing loss ,that we are annoyed by a noise device and a
noise environment, or that noise may interfere with our sleep, our work and our recreation is
frequently the basic fact that leads to noise measurements and attempt at quieting. In order to
make the most significant measurements and to do the job of quieting most frequently,it is
clearly necessary to learn about these effects of noise. We seek to estimate from these effects
what levels of noise are acceptable, and thus establish suitable noise criteria. Then if we
measure the existing noise level, the difference between this level and the acceptable level is
the noise reduction necessary. Unfortunately, not all the factors involved in annoyance,
interference, and hearing loss are known at present. Not are we yet sure how the known factors
can best be used. But a brief discussion of our reactions to sounds will serve to show some of
the factors and their relative significance. This information will be useful as a guide for
selecting electronic equipment to make the most significant measurements for the problem at
hand.

5.2 Discussion points

Impact of Noise pollution on human beings,

What is Noise Pollution?

According to the WHO, noise pollution is a noise above 65 db, which can severely affect both
humans and animals. A noise beyond 75 dB can be painful and will affect the person severely.
It is impossible to see the danger posed by noise pollution. On land and under the sea, you can't
see it, but it still exists. Humans and other organisms can be affected adversely by noise
pollution if it is an unwanted or disturbing sound. A decibel is the measurement of sound.
Rustling leaves (20-30 decibels) or thunderclaps (120 decibels) to the wail of sirens (120-140
decibels) are all sounds that occur naturally in the natural environment. If a person hears sounds
whose decibel level reaches 85 decibels or higher, their ears can be damaged.

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The sounds of lawnmowers (90 decibels), trains (90 to 115 decibels), and rock concerts (110
to 120 decibels) are just a few familiar sources that exceed this threshol

5.3 IMPACT OF NOISE POLLUTION

The presence of noise pollution has a daily impact on millions of people. Hearing loss caused
by noise is the most common health problem caused by noise exposure. Furthermore, loud
noise can also lead to health problems such as hypertension, heart disease, sleep disturbances,
and stress. All age groups are susceptible to these health problems, especially children. It has
been shown that children living near loud airports and busy streets suffer from stress and other
problems, such as memory problems, attention difficulties, and difficulties with reading.
Animals are also adversely affected by noise pollution. Caterpillars' hearts beat faster when
loud sounds are made, and bluebirds have fewer chicks when loud noises are made. There are
many reasons animals utilize sound, including to navigate, locate food, attract mates, and avoid
predators. The noise pollution they encounter affects their ability to accomplish these tasks,
affecting their survival. Noisy environments are not only harming animals on land, but it is also
getting worse for animals in the ocean. A once tranquil marine environment has become loud
and chaotic because of ships, drilling devices, sonar, and seismic surveys. The negative effects
of noise pollution are felt particularly by whales and dolphins. For marine mammals,
echolocation is essential for communication, navigation, feeding and matefinding. Excessive
noise can interfere with echolocation. It is the naval sonar devices that produce the loudest
underwater noise. The use of sonar works similarly to echolocation in that sound waves are
sent down into the ocean and bounce off objects, returning echoes to the ship that can pinpoint
the object's location. Whales' ability to use echolocation is interfered with when they hear sonar
sounds, which can reach 235decibels and travel hundreds of miles under the surface. Research
has shown that sonar can make whales strand on beaches and alter the feeding behavior of blue
whales (Balaenoptera musculus), which are endangered. Groups representing the environment
have called on the U.S. Department of Defense to discontinue or reduce sonar-based military
training. Furthermore, hydrographic surveys can cause loud explosions from inside the ocean.
Deep in the water, oil and gas are found using air guns that send sound pulses onto the ocean
floor. There is potential for marine animals to be harmed by the sound blasts and to suffer
serious damage to their ears. Additionally, the whales may also change their behavior as a result
of this noise. In Spain, bioacoustics researcher Michel Andre is studying the effects of noise

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pollution with the help of hydrophones. He has gathered data from 22 different locations during
his project, LIDO (Listening to the Deep Ocean Environment). Using computers, the lab
identifies 26 different species of whales and dolphins, including sounds produced by humans.
In the analysis, underwater noise will be investigated for its effect on these animals.

5.4 What causes Noise Pollution?

Although the world is turning into the use of technology, at the same time, this technology is
also harmful. Industries using compressors, exhaust fans, and generators are producing a lot
of noise. Similarly, bikes and cars with old silencers produce heavy noise that can lead to
pollution. Planes, heavy trucks and buses are also part of this noise pollution. Low flying
aircraft, especially military ones, causes noise pollution. Similarly, submarines can cause
ocean sound pollution.

How Noise Pollution affects a Person?

Noise pollution can primarily start affecting the hearing ability of the person, causing
permanent hearing impairment. Furthermore, it can cause an increase in blood pressure,
hypertension, and other stressrelated health issues. In many cases, noise pollution can cause a
disturbance in a person's state of mind, which further causes disturbance in sleep patterns,
stress, aggressiveness, and other issues. The psychological health of the person can also get
disturbed due to regular exposure to noise pollution. Noise above 45 dB can disrupt the
pattern of your sleep. According to the WHO, the noise level should not be more than 30db.
Change in the sleep pattern can also bring change in your behavior. If you have pets in your
home or around your area, then noise pollution can bring a negative impact on the
environment. Firecrackers can bring fear in them if they are regularly exposed to them. This
will also bring change in their behavior.

5.5 Effect on Wildlife and Marine Life

Animals and marine life are vulnerable to noise pollution. It can affect their listening skills,
which further affects their behavior pattern. These animals find it hard to listen during
migration, which can negatively affect their lives. When it comes to marine life, noise pollution
can lead to internal damage like physical problems in them.

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Noise Pollution: Impact on Human Health

There are several ways in which noise pollution can harm human health:

• Having an elevated blood pressure for a long period directly results in hypertension,
which is caused by noise pollution.

• Hearing loss occurs whenever humans are repeatedly exposed to sounds that exceed what
their eardrums can handle, resulting in permanent damage to their hearing.

• To function properly at work, it is necessary to get enough sleep every night. Sleep
disorders affect energy levels throughout the day. Pollution causes disturbance in sleep
cycles, which in turn results in irritation and unrest.

• Heart issues such as blood pressure level, stress and cardiovascular diseases can arise in a
healthy individual, but a person suffering from heart disease may experience a sudden
increase.

• It will affect your mental health also very badly because continuously hearing the noise
this much loud will pressure your eardrums and that will badly affect your brain also.

Noise pollution: Causes, effects and control measure

Sound is main means of communication in many animals, including humans. A low sound is
pleasant and harmless. A loud, unpleasant or unwanted sound is called as noise. A given
sound can appear music to some and noise to others. It depends upon loudness, duration and
mood of a person. Noise (La. nausea=seasickness) is physical form of pollution. It is not
harmful to air, soil and water but affects the animals including humans. Noise is unwanted
sound, that is unpleasant, loud and disruptive. Humans have a hearing range called as audible
range. Audible range depends upon frequency and loudness of sound. For a person with
normal hearing, frequency ranges from 20 to 20,000 Hz and loudness ranges from 0 to 120
dB. Sound is measured in decibels (dB). A decibel value above 80 is considered to be noise
pollution. Sources of Noise Pollutio

1. Industrialization: Most of the industries use big machines which are capable of
producing noise. Apart from that, various equipment’s like compressors, generators, exhaust
fans, grinding mills also participate in producing noise.
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 2. Poor Urban Planning: In most of the developing countries, poor urban planning also play
a vital role. Congested houses, large families sharing small space, parking lots, street noise,
honking, commercial zone leads to noise pollution which disrupts the environment of society.

3. Social Events: Noise is at its peak in most of the social events. Whether it is marriage,
parties, pub, disc or place of worship, people normally defy rules set by the local
administration and create nuisance in the area. People play songs on full volume and dance
till midnight which makes the condition of people living nearby pretty worse.

4. Transportation: Large number of vehicles on roads, aero planes, trains produce heavy
noise. The high noise leads to a situation wherein a normal person lose the ability to hear
properly.

5. Construction Activities: Construction activities like mining, construction of bridges,

dams, buildings, stations, roads, flyovers take place in almost every part of the world. These
construction activities have to be continued to meet the demand of ever increasing
Population. It also creates noise pollution.

6. Household Chores: We people are surrounded by gadgets and use them extensively in
our daily life. Gadgets like TV, mobile, mixer grinder, pressure cooker, vacuum cleaners,
washing machine and dryer, cooler, air conditioners are also contributors to the amount of
noise that is produced and but many times it affects the quality of life of our neighborhood.

7. Fireworks: Firework is a common thing during various fairs, festivals and cultural
ceremonies. Apart from air pollution, the intensity of their sound creates noise pollution.

8. Agricultural Machines: Tractors, thrashers, harvesters, tube wells, powered tillers etc.
have all made agriculture highly mechanical but at the same time highly noisy.

9. Defence Equipment and launching of satellites: A lot of noise pollution is added to the
atmosphere by artillery, tanks, launching of rockets, explosions, exercising of military
airplanes and shooting practices. Screams of jet engines and launching of satellite, sonic
booms have a deafening impact on the ears.

10. Miscellaneous Sources: The automobile repair shops, market places, schools, colleges,
bus stands, and railway stations etc. are other sources of noise pollution.

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5.6 Effects of noise pollution

Human response to noise varies from man to man according to age and temperament. It may
vary even in the same individual from time to time because of change in health, fatigue and
other conditions (Fig). The effects of noise on human beings are as under:

1) Auditory effects: It includes deafness or auditory fatigue.

Deafness or impaired hearing: Prolonged exposures to noise lead to gradual deterioration of

internal ear and subsequently hearing loss or deafness. It may occur due to continuous
exposure to noise level of more than 90 dB. It may be temporary or permanent. Explosions or
other high intensity sounds can also cause immediate deafness by rupturing the ear drums or
damaging the cochlea. Many time hearing loss is attributed to occupation.

Auditory fatigue: It is defined as a temporary loss of hearing after exposure to sound.

Continuous humming sound such as whistling and buzzing in the ears.

Physiological effects: It includes dilation of the pupils, paling of skin, tensing of voluntary
muscles, diminishing of gastric secretions, increase in diastolic blood pressure and the sudden
injection of adrenalins into blood stream which increases neuromuscular tension, nervousness,
irritability and anxieties. It can adversely affect the development of unborn babies.

Other health effects: Noise is also associated with headache, giddiness, sweating, nausea,
fatigue, difficulty in breathing, disturbed sleep pattern, psychological stress.

Trouble Communicating: High decibel noise can put trouble and may not allow people to
communicate freely. Constant sharp noise can give you severe headache and disturb your
emotional balance.

Effect on Animals: Animals rely heavily on sounds to communicate, to find food, avoid
predators etc. Pets react more aggressively due to exposure to constant noise. They become
disoriented more easily and face many behavioral problems. Overexposure to high intensity of
noise affects the hearing ability of many animals. Man-made noise affects mating calls and
echolocation. This leads to reduction in survival and reproduction rates. At an ecosystem level,
noise pollution could lead to migration of animals. Their migration can affect the crop
production. Because many animals such as bats pollinate bananas, peaches, agave and other
cash crops.

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Effect on non-living things: The noise booms cause cracks in walls of buildings as well as in
hills. Sonic boom can break window panes and buildings.

Steps to Control Noise pollution

Noise pollution can be effectively controlled by taking the following measures;

(1) Control at receiver’s end: For people working in noisy installations, ear-protection
aids like ear-plugs, ear-muffs, noise helmets, headphones etc. must be provided to reduce
occupational exposure.

(2) Suppression of noise at source: It can be achieved by following methods:

(a) Designing, fabricating and using quieter machines to replace the noisy ones.

(b) Proper lubrication and better maintenance of machines.

(c) Installing noisy machines in sound proof chambers.

(d) Covering noise-producing machine parts with sound-absorbing materials to

check noise production.

(e) Reducing the noise produced from a vibrating machine by vibration damping i.e.
making a layer of damping material (rubber, neoprene, cork or plastic) beneath the machine.

(f) Using silencers to control noise from automobiles, ducts, exhausts etc.

(2) Acoustic Zoning: There should be silence zones near the residential areas, educational
institutions and above all, near hospitals. Zoning of noisy industrial areas, bus terminals and
railway stations, aerodromes etc. away from the residential areas i.e. increasing the distance
between source and receiver.

(4) Sound Insulation at Construction Stages: It reduces the chances of noise nuisance in
future. Some of these measures could be:

a) The space/cracks that get left between the door and the wall should be packed with sound
absorbing material.

(b) Sound insulation can be done by constructing windows with double or triple
panes of glass and filling the gaps with sound absorbing materials.

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 (c) Acoustical tiles, perforated plywood etc. can be fixed on walls, ceilings, floors
etc. to reduce noise (especially for sound proof recording rooms etc.)

(5) Planting of Trees: Green muffler scheme involves planting green trees and shrubs along
roads, hospitals, educational institutions etc. to reduce noise to a considerable extent. Trees like
Ashoka, Neem, Tamarind are good for this purpose.

(6) White noise: It is a special type of sound signal which is used to mask background
sounds. White noise helps to mask out sounds which might otherwise prevent one from either
falling asleep or waking up whilst asleep.

(7) Legislative Measures: Strict legislative measures need to be enforced to curb the
menace of noise pollution. Noise standards (Table) should be strictly followed. Minimum use
of loudspeakers and amplifiers especially near silence zones. Banning pressure horns in
automobiles. Albeit, noise has been considered as pollutant under Air act and The noise
pollution (regulation and control) rules (2000) have been framed under Environment protection
act. But still people need to be educated about harmful effects of noise[19][20][21][22]

6 CONCLUSION

The noise measurements conducted at [location] indicate that the sound levels exceed the
recommended limits set by [regulatory body] in certain areas. The highest sound levels were
recorded at [specific location], reaching a maximum level of [decibel level]. These findings
suggest that noise mitigation measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of noise-
induced hearing loss and create a safer environment for occupants. Recommendations for noise
reduction include [list specific measures, such as installing soundproofing materials or
implementing noise-reducing technologies]. By taking these steps, we can create a healthier
and more comfortable environment for everyone."

"The noise measurement is an essential tool for identifying and mitigating noise pollution.
By understanding the sources and levels of noise, we can take steps to reduce its impact on our
environment, health, and quality of life. The data collected through noise measurement can
inform policy decisions, guide noise reduction strategies, and promote a more sustainable
future."

- "The results of this noise measurement study demonstrate the need for effective noise
management strategies to minimize the adverse impacts of noise pollution on the environment
and public health."

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- "In conclusion, the noise levels recorded in this study exceed acceptable limits, highlighting
the requirement for noise control measures to ensure a safe and healthy environment.

- "This noise measurement report underscores the importance of regular monitoring and
assessment to identify and address noise pollution issues, promoting a better quality of life."

- "The findings of this study emphasize the need for noise mitigation measures to reduce the
risks associated with noise exposure and create a more sustainable environment."

- "In conclusion, noise measurement is a crucial tool for understanding and addressing noise
pollution, and this study's results will inform evidence-based decisions to minimize its harmful
effects."

"The data collected in this study provides valuable insights into the noise pollution profile of
[location], informing targeted interventions to reduce noise levels and promote environmental
sustainability."

- "This noise measurement report highlights the importance of noise regulation and
enforcement to protect public health and well-being, particularly in areas with high levels of
noise pollution."

- "In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of noise measurement
in identifying areas for improvement and guiding noise reduction initiatives."

- "The findings of this noise measurement study underscore the need for a comprehensive
approach to noise management, incorporating both technical and policy-based solutions."

- "This report's conclusions and recommendations provide a foundation for developing and
implementing noise mitigation strategies, reducing the adverse impacts of noise pollution on
the environment and public health."

"The noise measurement data collected in this study serves as a benchmark for future
evaluations, enabling monitoring of progress towards noise reduction goals."

- "In conclusion, this study's findings emphasize the importance of considering noise pollution
in urban planning and development to create healthier, more livable environments."

- "The results of this noise measurement study demonstrate the value of collaboration between
stakeholders in identifying and addressing noise pollution issues."

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- "This report's conclusions highlight the need for ongoing noise monitoring and assessment to
ensure compliance with regulations and protect public health."

- "In conclusion, the noise measurement data and analysis presented in this report provide a
solid foundation for informed decision-making and effective noise management strategies."

- "The findings of this study underscore the importance of noise education and awareness-
raising to promote individual actions and community engagement in noise reduction efforts."

"The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of noise measurement in identifying
noise pollution hotspots and informing targeted interventions."

- "In conclusion, this report highlights the need for a multi-faceted approach to noise
management, incorporating technical, policy, and community-based solutions."

- "The noise measurement data collected in this study provides a valuable resource for
researchers, policymakers, and practitioners working to address noise pollution."

- "This report's conclusions emphasize the importance of considering the social and economic
impacts of noise pollution in addition to its environmental and health effects."

- "In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate the importance of ongoing noise
measurement and monitoring to ensure compliance with regulations and protect public health."

- "The results of this study highlight the need for increased public awareness and education
about the risks associated with noise pollution and the importance of noise mitigation
strategies."

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