DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

1 Department COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

2 Course Name REAL TIME SYSTEMS
3 Course Code CS722PE
4 Year/Semester IV/I
5 Regulation MLRS-R18
7 Structure of the Theory Practical
course Lecture Tutorials Practical Credit L T P C
3 0 0 3 0 0 0 3
8 Type of course BS HS ES PC PE OE CC MC
× × × × × × ×
9 Course Offered Odd Semester Even Semester ×
Total lecture, tutorial and practical hours for this course Offered
10 (16 weeks of teaching per semester)
Lectures: 48 Hours Tutorials: 0 hours Practical: 0hrs
11 Course Coordinator Dr.BASAVARAJ CHUNCHURE
12 Date Approved by BOS
13 Course Webpage www.mlritm.ac.in/
14 Level Course Code Semester Prerequisites
Computer
Prerequisites/
Organization
Co-requisites UG- CS722PE IV-I
and Operating
System

15.Course Overview:

This course provides a comprehensive foundation in IR systems, bridging traditional indexing

methods with advanced multimedia and web-based retrieval techniques.

16. Course Objectives:

The students will try to learn:

 To provide broad understanding of the requirements of Real Time Operating Systems.

 • To make the student understand, applications of these Real Time features using case
studies.
17. Course Outcomes:
After successful completion of the course, students should be able to:

CO1 Able describe how a real-time operating system kernel is implemented.

CO2 Able explain how tasks are managed.
CO3 Explain how the real-time operating system implements time management.
CO4 Discuss how tasks can communicate using semaphores, mailboxes, and queues.
CO5 Be able to implement a real-time system on an embedded processor and RTOS, like RT
Linux, VxWorks, MIcroC/OS-II, Tiny OS.

18. Course Learning Outcome (CLOs):

S. Topic Name CLO No Course Learning Outcome Course Bloom's

No Outcome Level
1 Introduction to CLO 1 Understand the basic features CO1 Understand
UNIX/LINUX and functionalities of
UNIX/LINUX systems.
2 Overview of CLO 2 Demonstrate proficiency in CO1 Apply
Commands using fundamental
UNIX/LINUX commands
and file I/O operations.
3 Process Control CLO 3 Analyse process creation and CO1 Analyse
(fork, vfork, exit, management using system
etc.) calls.
4 Characteristics of CLO 4 Describe the key CO2 Understand
RTOS characteristics and structure
of Real-Time Operating
Systems (RTOS).
5 Task Scheduling and CLO 5 Explain task states, CO2 Explain
Operations scheduling mechanisms, and
operations in RTOS
environments.
6 Semaphores and CLO 6 Apply synchronization CO4 Apply
Message Queues techniques such as
semaphores and message
queues for communication.
7 Pipes and Signals CLO 7 Understand the role of pipes, CO4 Understand
signals, and event registers in
real-time systems.
8 Basic I/O Concepts CLO 8 Explain basic I/O concepts CO4 Explain
and Subsystems and the configuration of the
I/O subsystem in an RTOS
 environment.
9 Exceptions and CLO 9 Describe the handling of CO3 Understand
Interrupts exceptions and interrupts in
real-time applications.
10 Timer-based ISRs CLO 10 Illustrate the implementation CO3 Apply
of timers, timer-based
interrupt service routines
(ISRs), etc.
11 RTOS Case Studies CLO 11 Compare various RTOS like CO5 Analyze
RT Linux, MicroC/OS-II,
VxWorks, etc.
12 Embedded Linux and CLO 12 Analyze the suitability of CO5 Evaluate
Tiny OS specific RTOS for different
embedded system
applications.

19. Employability Skills:

Example: Communication skills / Programming skills / Project based skills/

RTS focuses on developing programming skills in UNIX/Linux, real-time operating
systems (RTOS), and system-level programming through topics like file I/O, process
control, synchronization, and interrupt handling. Project-based skills are honed through
case studies on RTOS like RT Linux and Tiny OS, enabling real-time system
implementation. Students also strengthen communication skills by articulating design
solutions, collaborating on projects, and presenting case study findings, preparing them for
challenges in embedded and real-time systems.

20. Content Delivery / Instructional Methodologies:

Chalk&Talk Assignments MOOC

PowerPointPresentation

Seminars MiniProject Videos

ALP

21. Evaluation Methodology:

The performance of a student in a course will be evaluated for 100 marks each, with 40
marks allotted for CIE (ContinuousInternalEvaluation) and 60 marks for SEE(SemesterEnd-
Examination).In CIE, for theory subjects, during a semester, there shall be two mid-term
examinations. Each Mid-Term examination consists of two parts i) Part – A for 10 marks,
 ii) Part – B for 20 marks with a total durationof 2 hours as follows:
MidTermExaminationfor30marks:
a. Part-A:Objective/quiz/shortanswer typepaperfor 10marks.
b. Part-B:Descriptive paper for 20marks.
The average of two midterm examinations shall be taken as the final marks for mid
term examinations.

The semester end examinations (SEE), will be conducted for

60marksconsistingoftwopartsviz.i) Part-Afor10marks, ii) Part-Bfor50marks.
a. Part-A is a compulsory question which consists of ten sub-questions from
all units carryingequalmarks.
b. Part-B consists of five questions (numbered from 2 to 6) carrying 10 marks
each. Each ofthese questions is from each unit and may contain sub-
questions.For each question therewill be an “either” “or” choice, which
means that there will be two questions from each unit and the student
should answer either of the two questions.
c. The duration of Semester End Examination is 3 hours.

Table 1: Outline for Continues Internal Evaluation (CIE-I and CIE-II) and SEE
Activities CIE-I CIE-II Average SEE Total
of CIE Marks
Continues Internal Evaluation (CIE) 20 20
Marks Marks
Objective / quiz / short answer 10 10
Questions Marks Marks Average
of CIE
Assignment 5 5 + SEE
Marks Marks
Viva-Voce/PPT/PosterPresentation/ 5 5
CaseStudy Marks Marks
Total Marks 40 40 40 60 100
Marks Marks Marks Marks Marks
22. Course content - Number of modules: Five:

Introduction: Introduction to UNIX/LINUX, Overview of Commands, File No. of

MODULE 1 I/O,( open, create, close, lseek, read, write), Process Control ( fork, vfork, Lectures:
exit, wait, waitpid, exec). 10
MODULE 2 Real Time Operating Systems: Brief History of OS, Defining RTOS, The No. of
Scheduler, Objects, Services, Characteristics of RTOS, Defining a Task, Lectures:
asks States and Scheduling, Task Operations, Structure, Synchronization, 10
Communication and Concurrency. Defining Semaphores, Operations and
Use, Defining Message Queue, States, Content, Storage, Operations and
 Use
Objects, Services and I/O: Pipes, Event Registers, Signals, Other Building No. of
MODULE 3 Blocks, Component Configuration, Basic I/O Concepts, I/O Subsystem Lectures:
10
Exceptions, Interrupts and Timers: Exceptions, Interrupts, Applications,
No. of
Processing of Exceptions and Spurious Interrupts, Real Time Clocks,
MODULE 4 Lectures:
Programmable Timers, Timer Interrupt Service Routines (ISR), Soft
10
Timers, Operations.
Case Studies of RTOS: RT Linux, MicroC/OS-II, Vx Works, Embedded No. of
MODULE 5 Linux, and Tiny OS. Lectures:
8
TEXT BOOK:
1. Real Time Concepts for Embedded Systems – Qing Li, Elsevier, 2011

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Embedded Systems- Architecture, Programming and Design by Rajkamal, 2007, TMH.
2. Advanced UNIX Programming, Richard Stevens
3. Embedded Linux: Hardware, Software and Interfacing – Dr. Craig Hollabaugh
22.ELECTRONIC RESOURCES:
1. https://www.w3schools.com/dbms
2. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dbms/
3. https://www.javatpoint.com/dbms-tutorial

23. COURSE PLAN:

S.No Topics to be covered Cos Reference

.
0 Discussion on Outcome Based Education, CO, POs - -
and PSOs
1 Introduction to UNIX/Linux systems CO1 T1
2 Overview of basic UNIX/Linux commands: ls, cd, cp, mv, CO1 R1
rm
3 File I/O in UNIX/Linux: open(), create(), close(), read(), CO1 T1, R2
write()
4 Process Control in UNIX/Linux: fork(), vfork(), exit(), CO1 R2, T1
wait(), waitpid(), exec()
5 Process Synchronization and Communication CO2,CO4 T1
6 Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) Overview: History CO2 T1
and Key Concepts
7 Characteristics of RTOS: Hard vs Soft Real-time, CO2 T1
Predictability
8 The RTOS Scheduler: Structure, Task Scheduling CO2 T1
Algorithms (FIFO, Round-robin)
9 Task States in RTOS: Ready, Running, Blocked, and CO2 R1, R2
Suspended States
10 Task Operations in RTOS: Creation, Deletion, and CO2 R1, T1
Suspension
11 Introduction to Semaphores and Synchronization in RTOS CO2,CO4 T1, R1
12 Semaphore Operations and Uses in RTOS: Wait(), Signal(), CO4 R2
Binary Semaphores
13 Message Queues: Definition, States, and Operations CO4 R1
14 Understanding Mailboxes and Queues for Task CO4 T1
Communication
15 Event Registers and Signals in RTOS CO3,CO4 T1
16 Introduction to I/O Subsystem: Basic Concepts, and Role in CO3 R3
RTOS
17 Advanced I/O Concepts in RTOS: I/O Interfaces, Data CO3 R1
Buffers, Device Drivers
18 Handling Exceptions in RTOS: What Are Exceptions and CO3 T1
How Are They Managed?
19 Interrupts: Introduction, Types of Interrupts, Interrupt CO3 R2
Service Routines (ISR)
20 Managing Spurious Interrupts and their Handling in Real- CO3 R2
Time Systems
21 Real-Time Clocks and their Role in Time Management CO3 T1
22 Programmable Timers: Working and Programming Timers CO3 T1
in RTOS
23 Timer Interrupt Service Routines (ISR) and Soft Timers CO3 R1
24 Time Management in RTOS: Synchronization and Task CO3 R2
Scheduling
25 Case Study on RTOS: RT Linux – Overview and Features CO5 T1
26 Implementation of RT Linux in Embedded Systems CO5 R1, R3
27 Case Study on VxWorks: Overview, Architecture, and CO5 R1
Applications
28 Implementing a Real-Time System on VxWorks CO5 R2
29 Case Study on MicroC/OS-II: Features and System Design CO5 R3
30 Embedded Linux: Overview, Structure, and Interfacing CO5 T1
31 Implementing Embedded Linux: Building Real-Time CO5 R3
Applications
32 Case Study on Tiny OS: Architecture and Real-Time CO5 T1
Capabilities
33 Designing and Implementing Real-Time Applications on CO5 R1, R2
Tiny OS
34 Real-Time System Design Challenges and Solutions CO5 T1, R1
35 Optimizing RTOS for Embedded Systems: Performance and CO5 T1
Reliability Considerations
36 Hands-on Programming: File I/O Operations in CO1 T1, R1
UNIX/Linux
37 Hands-on Programming: Process Control and CO2 T1
Synchronization in UNIX/Linux
38 Hands-on Programming: Task Scheduling and CO2 R1
Synchronization in RTOS
39 Hands-on Programming: Implementing Semaphores and CO4 T1
Message Queues in RTOS
40 Hands-on Programming: Interrupt Handling and Timers in CO3 R2
RTOS
41 Hands-on Project: Implementing Time Management in CO3 T1
RTOS
42 Hands-on Project: Designing Real-Time Systems using CO5 R3
RTOS
43 Group Discussion: Real-Time System Design & Case CO5 T1
Studies
44 Project Presentation: RTOS Implementation on Embedded CO5 R1
Systems
45 Review Session: UNIX/Linux Commands and System Calls CO1 R2
46 Review Session: Task Management and Synchronization in CO2 R1
RTOS
47 Review Session: Real-Time Clocks, Timers, and Interrupts CO3 T1
in RTOS
48 Final Project Presentation: Case Studies on RTOS CO5 R3
Implementation
24. PROGRAM OUTCOMES & PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:

PO 1: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,

engineering fundamentals, and engg. specialization to the solution of complex
engineering problems.
PO 2: Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze engineering
problems to arrive at substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
natural, and engineering sciences.
PO 3: Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering
problems and design system components, processes to meet the specifications with
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations.
PO 4:Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge
including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of
the information to provide valid conclusions.
PO 5:Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
PO 6: The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge
to assess societal, health, safety, legal, and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
PO 7: Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
PO 8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
PO 9: Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member
or leader in teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO 10: Communication: Communicate effectively with the engineering community and
with society at large. Be able to comprehend and write effective reports
documentation. Make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
PO 11: Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a
 member and leader in a team. Manage projects in multidisciplinary environments.
PO 12: Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.
Program Specific Outcomes
PSO 1: Applications of Computing: Ability to use knowledge in various domains to
provide solution to new ideas and innovations.
PSO 2:Programming Skills: Identify required data structures, design suitable algorithms,
develop and maintain software for real world problems.
PSO 3:Make use of computational and experimental tools for creating innovative career
paths, to be an entrepreneur and desire for higher studies.

25. HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Program Outcomes Strength Proficiency

Assessed by
2
Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of CIE/PPT/
mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and Objective /
PO1 engg. specialization to the solution of complex quiz /SEE/
engineering problems. Assignments/
Viva-Voce/
3
Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, research CIE/ PPT/
literature, and analyze engineering problems to arrive Objective /
PO2 at substantiated conclusions using first principles of quiz /SEE/
mathematics, natural, and engineering sciences. Assignments/
Viva-Voce/
1
Design/development of solutions: Design solutions CIE/ PPT/
for complex engineering problems and design system Objective /
PO3 components, processes to meet the specifications with quiz /SEE/
consideration for the public health and safety, and the Assignments/
cultural, societal, and environmental considerations. Viva-Voce/
1
PO 4 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use CIE/ PPT/
research-based knowledge including design of Objective /
experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and quiz /SEE/
synthesis of the information to provide valid Assignments/
conclusions. Viva-Voce/
2
PO 5 Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply CIE/ PPT/
appropriate techniques, resources, and modern Objective /
engineering and IT tools including prediction and quiz /SEE/
modeling to complex engineering activities with an Assignments/
 understanding of the limitations. Viva-Voce/
1
PO 6 The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed CIE/ PPT/
by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, Objective /
safety, legal, and cultural issues and the consequent quiz /SEE/
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering Assignments/
practice. Viva-Voce/
2
PO 7 Environment and sustainability: Understand the CIE/ PPT/
impact of the professional engineering solutions in Objective /
societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate quiz /SEE/
the knowledge of, and need for sustainable Assignments/
development. Viva-Voce/
2
PO 8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to CIE/ PPT/
professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of Objective /
the engineering practice. quiz /SEE/
Assignments/
Viva-Voce/
1
PO 9 Individual and team work: Function effectively as an CIE/ PPT/
individual, and as a member or leader in teams, and in Objective /
multidisciplinary settings. quiz /SEE/
Assignments/
Viva-Voce/
2
PO 10 Communication: Communicate effectively with the CIE/ PPT/
engineering community and with society at large. Be Objective /
able to comprehend and write effective reports quiz /SEE/
documentation. Make effective presentations, and give Assignments/
and receive clear instructions. Viva-Voce/
1
PO 11 Project management and finance: Demonstrate CIE/ PPT/
knowledge and understanding of engineering and Objective /
management principles and apply these to one’s own quiz /SEE/
work, as a member and leader in a team. Manage Assignments/
projects in multidisciplinary environments. Viva-Voce/
1
PO 12 Life-LongLearning:Recognizethe need forand Shorttermcour
havethepreparationandabilitytoengageinindependent ses
andlife-
longlearninginthebroadcastcontextoftechnologicalch
ange.
 6. HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Program Outcomes Strength Proficiency

Assessed by
Applications of Computing: Ability to use CIE/PPT/
knowledge in various domains to provide Objective /
PSO1 solution to new ideas and innovations. 3 quiz /SEE/
Assignments/
Viva-Voce/
Programming Skills: Identify required data CIE/PPT/
structures, design suitable algorithms, develop Objective /
PSO2 and maintain software for real world 3 quiz /SEE/
problems. Assignments/
Viva-Voce/
Make use of computational and experimental CIE/PPT/
tools for creating innovative career paths, to Objective /
PSO3 be an entrepreneur and desire for higher 2 quiz /SEE/
studies. Assignments/
Viva-Voce/
3 = High; 2 = Medium; 1 = Low
27. MAPPING OF EACH CO WITH PO(s),PSO(s):
COURSE PROGRAMOUTCOMES PSO’S
OUTCOMES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 - - - - - - - -

CO2 - - - - - - - -

CO3 - - - - - - - - -

CO4 - - -
- - - - - -

CO5 - - - - - - - -

28. JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CO – PO / PSO MAPPING - DIRECT:

Course POs No. of key

Outcom Justification for mapping (Students will be able to)
/ competenc
es(COs) PSO ies
s
CO 1 PO 1 1. Scientific principles,
2. Mathematical principles. 2
 PO2 1. Problem identification,
2. Data collection, 3
3. Solution development.

PO5 Use of software tools..

1

PSO1 Ability to use knowledge in computing to locate relevant 1

information.

PSO2 Identifies and applies appropriate algorithms for information 1

retrieval.

CO 2 PO1 1. Mathematical principles 1

PO3 1. Use creativity for innovative solutions, 2

2. Manage design process.

PO5 Use of diagnostic/simulation tools. 1

PSO1 Applies knowledge of clustering techniques to provide innovative 1

solutions.

PSO2 Designs data structures and algorithms for document clustering. 1

CO3 PO3 1. Manage design process, 2
2. Evaluate outcomes.
PO4 1. Experimental design, 2
2. Data interpretation.
PO5 Use of simulation packages. 1
PSO1 Develops retrieval systems for web search leveraging domain 1
knowledge.

PSO2 Implements efficient algorithms for web-based retrieval tasks. 1

PSO3 Employs computational tools for building scalable retrieval systems. 1

CO 4 PO3 1. Define problems, 2

2. Optimize cost drivers.
PO7 1. Environmental considerations. 1
 PSO1 Designs comprehensive systems for web search using computing 1
knowledge.

PSO2 Develops advanced algorithms addressing real-world search tasks. 1

PSO3 Applies innovative methods and experimental tools for system 1
design.

PO1 1. Support engineering disciplines. 1

PO2 1. Data collection, 2
2. Result interpretation.
PO12 1. Keeping current with trends, 2
2. Personal development.
CO 5 PSO1 Applies knowledge to locate relevant data in large collections. 1
PSO2 Identifies suitable algorithms and structures for effective data 1
retrieval.

29. TOTAL COUNT OF KEY COMPETENCIES FOR CO – (PO, PSO) MAPPING:

Course PROGRAM OUTCOMES PSOs
Outcomes PO PO PO PO PO PO PO P PO PO PO PO PSO PSO PSO 3
9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 O 10 11 12 1 2
8

CO1 2 3 - - 1 - - - - - - 1 1- -

CO2 1 - 2 - 1 - - - - - - 1 1- 1-

CO3 - - 2 2 1 - - - - - - 1 1- 1-
- -
CO4 2 - 1 - 1- - - - - 1 1 1-

CO5 1 2 - - - - - - - 2 - -

30. PERCENTAGE OF KEY COMPETENCIES FOR CO – (PO/ PSO):

Course PROGRAM OUTCOMES PSOs

Outcomes
PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PS PSO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 O 1 2
CO1 66.6 30.0 - 100.0 - - - - - - 33 33
- - - - - - -
CO2 33 - 20 100 33 33
- - 20 18 100
- - - - - - - 33 33
CO3
- - 20
- - - 33
- - - - - 33 33
CO4
33 20
- - - - - - - - - 25 33 33
CO5
31. COURSE ARTICULATION MATRIX (PO – PSO MAPPING):
CO’S and PO’S, CO’S and PSO’S on the scale of 0 to 3, 0 being no correlation, 1 being the
low correlation, 2 being medium correlation and 3 being high correlation.
0 - 0≤ C≤ 5% – No correlation, 2 - 40 % <C < 60% –Moderate
1-5 <C≤ 40% – Low/ Slight 3 - 60% ≤ C < 100% – Substantial /High

Course PROGRAM OUTCOMES PSOs

Outcomes
PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PS PSO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 O 1 2
- - - - - - - - -
CO1 3 1 3 1 1
- - - - - - -
CO2 1 - 1 - 3 1 1
- - - - - - - - -
CO3 1 1 3 1 1
- - - - - - - - - -
CO4 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - - - -
CO5 1 1 1 1 1
Total 5 2 3 - 9 - 1 - - - - 1 5 5
Average 1.6 1 1 - 3 - 1 - - - - 1 1 1

32. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY DIRECT:

CIE Exams SEE Seminars
Objective / quiz Viva-Voce/ MOOCS
-
PPT
Assignments � Project
-

33. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY INDIRECT:

Course End Survey (CES)

34. RELEVANCE TO SUSTAINABILITY GOALS:

IRS course often emphasizes techniques for organizing, storing, and retrieving information,
alongside applications in diverse domains.

X 1
X 2

3
X

Access to Knowledge: By making information easily

accessible, IRS supports lifelong learning opportunities and
quality education for all.
4 Open Educational Resources: IRS enables platforms like
digital libraries and repositories, improving accessibility to
educational content globally

X 5

X 6

X 7

Job Market Insights: Advanced retrieval systems can assist job

seekers in finding opportunities and help industries match talent
efficiently.
8 Digital Economy: By empowering the tech industry, IRS fosters
innovation and economic growth.

Data-Driven Decision Making: IRS provides a foundation for

innovative industries, enabling smarter decisions through quick
access to critical information.
9 Support for Research: Efficient retrieval systems accelerate
research in fields like engineering, medicine, and environmental
sciences.

X 10
 Smart Cities: IRS facilitates better urban planning by providing
accessible data for traffic management, waste management, and
citizen services.
11 Community Awareness: Platforms built using IRS spread
knowledge on sustainability practices among communities.

Data Reuse: Encourages the efficient use of existing data through

organized repositories and retrieval systems, reducing redundant
data creation.
12 Awareness Campaigns: Provides mechanisms for educating users
about responsible practices through curated, relevant content.

Environmental Data Analysis: IRS can retrieve climate-related

data for policymakers, enabling informed decisions on mitigation
strategies.
13 Research Support: Aids environmental researchers in finding
resources to combat climate change.

X 14

X 15

X 16

Collaboration Platforms: IRS enables shared knowledge systems

that foster international collaboration on sustainability initiatives.
Data Exchange: Promotes transparent sharing of global resources
17 and research data

Signature of Course Coordinator HOD

Name & Designation :
V.RAJASHREE
ASST.PROFESSOR