Đề 1:

Tribal tourism is a relatively new type of tourism. It involves travelers going to remote
destinations, staying with local people and learning about their culture and way of life. They stay
in local accommodation, share facilities with local people, and join in with meals and
celebrations. At the moment, less than one percent of holidays are tribal tourism holidays, but
this is set to change.
Tribal tourism is often compared with foreign exchange visits. However, a foreign exchange
involves staying with people who often share the same values. Tribal tourism takes visitors to
places where the lifestyle is very different from that in their home location. Those who have been
on tribal holiday explain that experiencing this lifestyle is the main attraction. They say that it
offers them the chance to live in a way they never have before.
Not everyone is convinced that tribal tourism is a good thing, and opinions are divided. The
argument is about whether or not it helps the local population, or whether it exploits them. The
main problem is that, because tribal tourism is relatively new, the long-term influences on local
populations have not been studied in much detail. Where studies have been carried out, the
effects have been found to be negative.
So, is it possible to experience an exotic culture without harming it in some way? “With a bit of
thought, we can maximise the positive influences and minimise the negative”, says travel
company director Hilary Waterhouse. “The most important thing for a tribal tourist is to show
respect for, learn about, and be aware of, local customs and traditions. Always remember you’re
a guest.”
(Adopted from “Complete IELTS” by Rawdon Wyatt)
Question 1: Which best serves as the title for the passage?
A. An Old Tourist Destination B. Holidays with a Difference
C. Different Customs of a Tribe D. Peak Holiday Seasons
Question 2: The word “They” in paragraph 1 refers to .
A. travelers B. facilities C. local people D. remote destinations
Question 3: According to paragraph 2, what is the main attraction of tribal tourism?
A. Tourists can stay with people of the same values.
B. Tourists can interact with other foreign visitors.
C. Tourists can experience a different lifest
D. Tourists can explore beauty spots in remote areas.
Question 4: The word “divided” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .
A. similar B. important C. different D. interesting
Question 5: According to Hilary Waterhouse, the most important thing for a tribal tourist is to
.
A. forget about negative experiences B. respect local customs and traditions
C. learn about other guests D. be accompanied by other travelers

Đề 2:
Life can be stressful, and on especially stressful days our brain can feel exhausted from all the
thoughts, emotions, and emotions that are racing in our head. Luckily, there is one easy and
helpful tool that you can use right now to help calm your mind in tough times: mindfulness
meditation.
Simply put, mindfulness meditation is the mental practice of giving full attention to your
thoughts, senses, and feelings in the present moment. Many studies have shown that following it
every day allows us to train our brain to slow down, let go of negativity, and calm both the mind
and body. There is even evidence to suggest physical benefits like lower heart rate, improved
immunity, and better sleep. And the best thing? You need very little preparation. To get started,
all you need is a comfortable place to sit, three to five minutes of free time, and a judgment-free
mindset.
Simply put, mindfulness meditation is the mental practice of giving full attention to your
thoughts, senses, and feelings in the present moment. Many studies have shown that following it
every day allows us to train our brain to slow down, let go of negativity, and calm both the mind
and body. There is even evidence to suggest physical benefits like lower heart rate, improved
immunity, and better sleep. And the best thing? You need very little preparation. To get started,
all you need is a comfortable place to sit, three to five minutes of free time, and a judgment-free
mindset.
We often think meditation should be done alone. However, guided meditation videos, in which
we are instructed by someone during meditating, can be a great choice. Guided meditation is
most often led by experienced practitioners, so beginners do not have to worry about not
knowing where to start or what to do. With a gentle voice to guide us, it will also be easier to
maintain concentration, especially for people who struggle with their short attention spans. On
YouTube, a simple search will give you hundreds of videos for you to try out and choose the one
you like best.
(Adapted from berkeleywellbeing.com; verywellmind.com)
Question 1: What is the passage mainly about?
A. the vital role of mindfulness in well-being
B. what to prepare for effective meditation
C. a practice to get you through hard times
D. the best forms of mindfulness meditation
Question 2: The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to .
A. mindfulness meditation B. mental practice
C. full attention D. present moment
Question 3: Mindfulness meditation .
A. means focusing on your emotions throughout the day.
B. teaches your brain to only think about positive things.
C. helps both your mental and physical health.
D. requires you to have a lot of free time daily.
Question 4: All of the following were mentioned about guided meditation videos EXCEPT
A. who they are suited for B. why they are the best
C. the advantages they have D. where to find them
Question 5: The word “struggle” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .
A. try hard B. show disapproval C. cause conflict D. have difficulties
Đề 3:
It's widely accepted that teachers and parents should praise the effort kids make - rather than
praise their innate ability - if they want their students and children to be successful. Similarly, a
new study suggests that encouraging children to silently repeat statements to themselves that
emphasize effort over ability could bring greater success.
“Our study found that the math performance of children with low self-confidence improves
significantly when they tell themselves that they will make an effort," said Eddie Brummelman,
an assistant professor of child development at the University of Amsterdam and co-author of the
study that published Tuesday in the journal Child Development. The Dutch researchers studied
212 children ages 9 to 13 years old - an age when researchers said negative feelings about
students' abilities at school become more common. "We did not find the same result among
children with low self-confidence who spoke to themselves about ability. Self-talk about effort is
the key."
Additionally, other studies have shown that engaging in positive self-talk can improve children's
performance in sports such as handball, soccer and swimming. It has also been indicated in
several studies that children who engage in self-talk that emphasizes incompetence and failure
experience more anxiety and depression. And according to the researchers of this study, self-talk
that focuses on effort
and hard work removed a "psychological barrier" that hindered children’s performance when it
came to math.
The researchers said they chose to focus on math not only because of its key role in schools'
curriculum but because math performance is known to be significantly affected by negative
beliefs about ability. "When children with negative beliefs about their abilities work on
mathematics problems, they are prone to anticipate and worry about failures. They consider
challenges (e.g., a problem that they find difficult to solve) as signals that they lack ability,
triggering disengagement from the task and worsening performance."
(Adapted from edition.cnn.com)
Question 1: What is the passage mainly about?
A. The importance of self-confidence and innate ability in learning.
B. The influence of positive self-talk on children’s math performance.
C. The challenges that young children encounter when studying math .
D. The mental diseases that result from fear of failure and incompetence.
Question 2: Which of the following is NOT true about the study of the Dutch researchers?
A. The study focused on the math performance of children in the 9 to 13 age group
B. A co-author of the study is an assistant professor from the University of Amsterdam
C. The study showed that positive self-talk can improve children’s performance in sports
D. The study found a link between positive self-talk and improvements in math performance
Question 3: The word “hindered” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .
A. Declined B. obstructed
C. excluded D. demolished
Question 4: One of the reasons why the researchers decided to concentrate on math for their
research was that .
A. it triggers negative beliefs in children
B. it makes children scared of failures
C. it has many difficult problems
D. it is an important subject in school
Question 5: The word “they” in paragraph 4 refers to .
A. signals B. challenges C. abilities D. children
Đề 4:
We can never deny the importance of water in our lives, Without water, life cannot exist. That
being said, you may be surprised to learn that when drank too much, water can be just as
dangerous as any type of poison.
The problem starts at your kidneys, which filter out excess waste and water from your
bloodstream – they can only process 800-1,000 mL of water an hour. So if you somehow manage
to drink more than that, it means you're drinking water faster than your kidneys can process it all,
and the unprocessed amount of water will end up in your cells.
Normally, your cells are surrounded by a balanced mixture of sodium and water, which flows in
and out through tiny holes. But when you drink too much water, sodium starts to dissolve, and
some of that extra water rushes into the cell to restore balance caused by loss of sodium, causing
it to expand. Doctors call this water intoxication and it's a big problem.
Most of your cells can handle the expansion to a degree since they are soft and flexible. But it’s
not the same in your brain: because your skull is hard like a rock, pressure will build up in your
brain as your brain cells expand, which can lead to headaches and confusion. And as the pressure
increases, you risk brain damage, coma, and even death. A 64-year-old woman, for example, died
after drinking 30-40 glasses of water.
The good news is that there's an easy way to stay safe. The daily water intake of an average
healthy adult is somewhere around 3-4 litres of water a day. And since this can come from food
and other drinks too, you only need to drink water when you're really thirsty, and then stop.

(Adapted from todoist.com)

Question 1: What is the passage mainly about?

A. The indispensable role of water
B. Why kidneys keep your blood clean
C. What happens when you drink too much water
D. The best amount of water to drink every day
Question 2: According to paragraphs 2 and 3, when you drink too much water, .
A. the mixture of sodium and water outside cells will stop flowing.
B. all the water will make its way to your cells and affecting them.
C. extra water will lead to loss of sodium, making cells expand.
D. your kidneys cannot keep water and waste out of your blood.
 Question 3: The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to .
A. water B. sodium C. cell D. balance
Quetion 4: The phrasal verb “build up” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to .
A. gather B. combine C. increase D. amass
Question 5: Which of the following is NOT TRUE, according to the passage?
A. When water causes your cells to expand, it is called water intoxication.
B. Cell expansion is bad for your brain because brain cells are inflexible.
C. The more your brain is pressured, the more dangerous it is for you.
D. Your daily water intake comes mostly from food and other drinks.
Đề 5:
When it comes to marriage the timing is not the same for everyone. Although society usually
puts pressure on individuals to get married and start a family early, over the years, people have
had many reasons to get married later in life.
All over the world, people of all genders have more access to higher education now more than
ever. This results in people choosing to focus on their careers and delaying marriage. Also, the
fact that many young people start living alone at an early age make them develop high levels of
independence. As a result, they do not see the need to commit to a partner. Women in particular
no longer feel the urge to get married fast. They instead spend more of their youthful days
pursuing opportunities to become more financially independent.
Financial stability is also a factor. A lot of people in their twenties are not financially stable
enough to run a home and fulfil the responsibilities that come with starting a family – after all,
simply organizing a wedding is already quite an expensive effort. That much financial pressure
can be detrimental to most relationships. As a result, many people decide to wait until they are
financially ready before tying the knot.
Nowadays, many couples prefer to live together before getting married, which provides an
opportunity to experience marriage life without the commitment and to figure out whether they
really suit each other. This is especially made possible as modern society now accepts these sorts
of living arrangements.
(Adapted from spain4weddings.com)
Question 1: Which best serves as the title for this passage?
A. Finding the Perfect Time B. Is Early Marriage a Bad Idea?
C. Later Marriage, Happier Life D. Getting Married Can Wait
Question 2: The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to .
A. genders B. carreers
C. young people D. levels of independence
Question 3: According to paragraph 2, young women .
A. can access all levels of education more easily than ever
B. used to feel that they have to marry someone quickly
C. believe marriage will harm their financial independence
D. are better at men when it comes to pursuing chances
Question 4: The word “detrimental” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .
A. unreasonable B. annoying C. offensive D. harmful
Question 5: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. The ideal time to enter into marriage is not the same for every person.
B. Many young people do not make enough money to maintain a marriage.
C. Most people decide not to marry because of expensive wedding costs.
D. In modern society, living together before marriage is considered normal.

Đề 6:
If you are like many people, social media has become part of your everyday life. But spending
hours on platforms Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter also comes with the risk of becoming
victims of social media scams. That’s why it’s smart to learn about some of them.
Data being stolen is not uncommon. Hackers might steal your credit card information after
hacking major banks. And social media sites are also popular targets. In 2021, for instance,
Facebook suffered a data breach that exposed the personal information of more than 500 million
users. If cybercriminals hack into your favourite social media sites, they might be able to snag
the personal information listed in your accounts and use it for their own benefit.
Do you always share everything about you and your life on Facebook? If you do, you might be
exposing yourself to cybercriminals. Because so many of us often post our birthdates, names,
and addresses online, scammers can steal plenty of personal info without having to do any
hacking. They can then either use this information to access our online financial accounts or take
out loans and credit cards in our names, costing us huge amounts of money.
It’s easy to be tempted by get-rich-quick offers, which is why money-flipping scams are popular.
In this scam, scammers will make a post to social media sites promising viewers that they can

money to a prepaid debit card as “investment” and then share the card number and PIN with them.
make quick money with minimum effort. If victims do reach out, the posters will tell them to
send
Once victims provide these criminals with their card information, the scammers simply take out
all the money in this bank account and disappear.
(Adapted from us.norton.com)
Question 1: Which best serves as the title for this passage?
A. Beware Of These Social Media Scams B. The Dangers Of A Data Breach
C. Using Social Media Sites Safely D. How Do I Protect My Social Media Privacy?
Question 2: According to paragraph 2, hackers .
A. most often attack major banks to steal credit cards

B. especially like to target social media to find personal data

C. stole data from 500 million people working for Facebook

D. might use stolen information to benefit themselves

Question 3: The word “tempted” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to .
A. employed B. attracted C. guided D. controlled
Question 4: The word “them” in paragraph 4 refers to .
A. sites B. viewers C. victims D. posters
Question 5: Which of the following is NOT supported by information in the passage?

A. If you share things carelessly on social media, hackers will be more likely to target you.
B. Sometimes, hackers can effortlessly gain access to people’s personal data on social media.

C. Money-flipping scams start from posts that offer a chance to get rich easily and quickly.

D. In money-flipping scams, victims have to send money directly to the scammers’ account.
Đề 7:
Whether to communicate with lecturers in universities or with your colleagues and managers at
work, how you write your emails has a huge effect on whether or not your message is conveyed
successfully or receive a proper response. Therefore, no matter how experienced you are, always
remember the common things that can make your email a disrespectful or unprofessional one.
First impressions are always important. And for emails, that first impression comes from the
email address. Therefore, it is definitely not a good idea to use unprofessional addresses such as
bingchilling@gmail.com or huydeptrai@yahoo.com.vn when you are sending messages,
especially
important or urgent ones, to your teacher or boss. They may sound funny or cool when you are
young or writing a casual or joke message to a friend, but not in more professional settings like
the workplace.
Next up are bad subject lines – either too long, too vague or just not saying anything at all. For
instance, “Hello” is a terrible subject line because it contains nothing specific and gives the
impression that you are lazy. As a rule, try to express what you’re trying to accomplish with your
email (e.g. sending a report, asking for information, etc.) in the subject line and keep it as short
as you can. Otherwise, it might not get opened at all.
Finally, keep an eye out for language errors. The smallest spelling and grammar mistakes can
still immediately diminish your intellect and professionalism in an email. The good news is that
they can be easily spotted and fixed with a few minutes of meticulous proofreading before the
email is sent. You can also cut down on spelling and grammar mistakes with a web extension or
other AI writing assistant software to ensure that your email is of a professional standard.
Question 1: What is the passage mainly about?
A. Why professional email addresses matter
B. The consequences of writing bad emails
C. Steps to write an effective and professional email
D. Common mistakes to avoid when writing emails
Question 2: According to paragraph 2, an email address like huydeptrai@yahoo.com.vn .
A. should only be used when you are still young.
B. is considered very inappropriate in every situation.
C. is not suitable when sending formal messages.
D. can be used at work for unimportant conversations.
Question 3: The word “They” in paragraph 2 refers to .
A. impressions B. addresses C. messages D. settings
Question 4: The word “meticulous” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .
A. precise B. detailed C. careful D. severe
Question 5: Which of the following is NOT TRUE, according to the passage?
A. Email addresses have a great effect on the effectiveness of emails.
B. The longer and more specific your email subject line is, the better.
C. Even a minor spelling mistake can make your email less effective.
D. There are online tools that can help you write professional emails.
Đề 08:
Device-centred communication has become almost universal over the past twenty years. More
than three quarters of people in the world now own a mobile device, and more than half
communicate via social networking.
It is now hard to imagine a world without mobile devices consisting of such things as mobile
phones, laptops and tablets. They allow us to stay in touch with a large network of friends, no
matter where they are. But many experts say that communicating with a device is nothing like
talking with someone in person. “Body language, eye contact and tone of voice can tell us so
much,” psychologist Mary Peters says. “And none of those exist on a device. Even video chat
removes many subtle clues.”
We don’t know to what extent these technologies will permanently change the way people
interact. People will always want to meet up with others in small and large groups. Indeed, it is
fair to say that social media makes it easier than ever before for people to organise social events.
However, there is still a danger that device-centred communication may have a negative long-
term impact on the way people interact with each other on a day-to-day basis.
We must not, therefore, lose sight of the need to focus on the actual people around us, and
remember that they deserve our real– not virtual– attention. The idea of a culture where people
always have a screen between them sounds a bit funny, because deep understanding comes when
we see the reactions on other people’s faces.
(Adapted from ideas.ted.com)
Question 1: The passage is mainly about .
A. the development of device-centred communication
B. the impact of device-centred communication
C. the definition of device-centred communication
D. the misunderstanding of device-centred communication
Question 3: The word “They ” in paragraph 2 refers to .
A. mobile phones B. tablets C. mobile devices D. laptops
Question 4: In paragraph 2, in her statement about the advantages of communicating in person,
Mary Peters mentioned all of the following EXCEPT .
A. body language B. eye contact C. handshake D. tone of voice
Question 5: The word “meet up” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .
A. come down B. get togetherC. get away D. come away
Question 7: According to paragraph 4, deep understanding appears when .
A. we communicate through social networking
B. we interact with modern technology
C. we care about our virtual friends
D. we see the reactions on the faces of other people.
Đề 09:
Life exists in extreme environments on Earth, from arid deserts where water is scarce to thermal,
toxic vents in the deepest reaches of the ocean floor. But it can't exist on every inch of the planet
and scientists have discovered a place in Ethiopia where life can't find a way, according to a new
study. That place is called Dallol.
Scientists conducted multiple tests and found that there is no life, not even microorganisms, in
Dallol. One of Earth's most extreme environments, Dallol is incredibly hot, salty and acidic. Its
ponds extend across a volcanic crater, filled with salt, toxic gases and boiling water in response
to extreme hydrothermal activity. Even in winter, daytime temperatures can exceed 45 degrees
Celsius. "After looking at many more samples than in previous works, we have verified that
there's no life in these salty, hot and hyperacid pools," said Purificación López García, study
author and biologist at the French National Centre for Scientific Research.
Scientists have long used evidence of life in extreme environments on Earth to argue that life
may exist on other planets in our solar system or beyond it under similar conditions. But the
researchers warned that in this case, just because there is liquid water present or because
something resembles cells or other biological aspects beneath a microscope, does not mean there
is life present.
"Our studies present proofs that there are places on the Earth's surface in which no life forms
exist even though they contain liquid water," López García added. The Dallol ponds actually
prevent life from forming because they contain chemical barriers like chaotropic magnesium
salts that help break down hydrogen. Combined with the salty, acidic and hot environment, life
receives no encouragement in the pools. "We would not expect to find life forms in similar
environments on other planets,” López García also stated. The researchers will continue studying
the pools to determine more about the limits of life.
Question 1: What is the passage mainly about?
A. Scientists’ view about life beyond Earth proven wrong.
B. Why there are no life forms in acidic water.
C. A place on Earth where life cannot exist.
D. The hottest volcano crater on Earth.
Question 2: According to the passage, the Dallol ponds .
A. have conditions similar to those of other planets.
B. can support life but strangely have no life forms.
C. will continue to be researched in the near future.
D. prevents life in winter as they become too cold.
Question 3: The word “they” in paragraph 4 refers to .
A. proofs B. places
C. studies D. ponds
Question 4: The word “arid” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .
A. hardened B. humid C. dry D. spoilt
Question 5: All of the following are mentioned in the passage as the conditions of the Dallol
ponds EXCEPT
A. extremely hot B. incredibly salty
C. completely dry D. hyperacidic
Đề 10:
Sports are activities where people compete and have fun. They can be played alone, like
swimming, or with others, like football. Many people enjoy sports because they are good for
health and help to make friends. Playing sports is a great way to stay fit. When we run, jump, or
throw, our body gets stronger. We also learn new skills, like teamwork and fair play. These are
important in sports and life. There are many kinds of sports. Some are very well-known, like
soccer, which is played all over the world. Others may be less known, like badminton, but they
are still fun. In every sport, players follow rules and try to win.
Winning is not always the most important thing. What matters most is to try your best and enjoy
the game. When we lose, we can learn from our mistakes and try again. This is how we get
better. People
of all ages can play sports. Kids play in schools and parks. Adults can join clubs or teams. Even
watching sports can be exciting. Fans cheer for their favorite teams and feel happy when they
win.
(Adapted from https://www.realbuzz.com/article/the-health-and-fitness-benefits-of-sport/)
Question 1: Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
A. Winning Ways: The Competitive Edge in Sports
B. Rules of the Game: Understanding Sports Regulations
C. Champions of the Past: A History of Sports Victories
D. The Joy of Sports: A Healthy and Fun Journey
Question 2: The word they in paragraph 1 refers to .
A. sports B. skills C. people D. friends
Question 3: The word well-known in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .
A. well-done B. creative C. important D. popular
Question 4: According to paragraph 3, what is the most important thing in sports?
A. winning the game B. enjoying the game C. watching them D. joining clubs
Question 5: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. In any sport, players follow the rules and aim for success.
B. Engaging in sports helps to maintain physical fitness.
C. In sports, it is exciting only when you play the games.
D. Sports can be played by individuals of every age group.

Đề 11:
Eating a traditional Mediterranean-type diet—rich in foods such as seafood, fruit, and nuts—
may help reduce the risk of dementia, as revealed by a new study. Experts at Newcastle
University found that individuals who ate a Mediterranean-like diet had up to 23% lower risk for
dementia than those who did not. Dementia is a disease that affects the brain and can cause
problems with memory, thinking, and decision-making. It mostly affects older adults but is not a
normal part of aging.
This study is one of the largest of its kind. The researchers looked at data from over 60,000
people in the UK. They gave each person a score based on how closely their diet matched a
Mediterranean one. The Mediterranean diet includes foods like vegetables, fruits, whole grains,
fish, and healthy fats like olive oil. The people were followed for almost 10 years and during that
time, 882 of them got dementia. The researchers also looked at the participants' genes to see if
they had higher chances of getting dementia. They found that even for those who have a family
history of dementia or has genes that make them more likely to get it, eating a Mediterranean
diet can still help lower their risk. Dr Oliver Shannon from Newcastle University said:
“Dementia affects millions of people around the world and there are not many ways to treat it.
Finding ways to lower our risk of getting dementia is very important. Our
study shows that eating a diet like the Mediterranean one could help people lower their risk.”
The Mediterranean diet is not just one way of eating but includes many different foods that are
popular in countries around the Mediterranean Sea. This includes Italy, Greece, Morocco, Spain,
and Lebanon. The diet focuses on eating good quality foods rather than just one type of food or
nutrient. There are no stringent rules about how much food to eat on the Mediterranean diet,
which means that each person can eat as much as they need.
Question 1: What is the passage mainly about?
A. Ways to follow the Mediterranean diet B. A way of eating that can help treat dementia
C. A new study on dementia prevention D. Lifestyle changes to lower dementia risks
Question 2: The word “them” in paragraph 3 refers to .
A. researchers B. participants C. genes D. chances
Question 3: According to paragraphs 1 and 2, what do we learn about the study?
A. It revealed a possible link between healthy diets and lower risks of dementia.
B. Researchers examined data from 60,000 people around the world.
C. The study participants were observed for an extended time period.
D. The results show that vegetables and fruits are best for dementia prevention.
Question 4: Which of the following is NOT supported by information in the passage?
A. It is generally difficult for us to effectively treat dementia once it develops.
B. A Mediterranean-type diet can reduce risks of dementia despite genetic conditions.
C. The Mediterranean diet is not limited to one or some specific types of food.
D. When following a Mediterranean diet, people should try to eat as much as possible.
Question 5: The word “stringent” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to .

A. heavy B. severe C. cruel D. demanding

Đề 12:
Many factors affect how you relate to colleagues like the different personalities in the office or
the kind of boss you have. However, if you find yourself struggling to accept negative feedback,
avoiding asking others for help or fearing failure – there could be another less obvious source to
your problems. The nature of your parents’ relationship, and especially whether they solved
problems amicably and constructively or resorted to conflict, could have shaped your way of
relating to others.
Attachment theory, first proposed by the British psychologist John Bowlby in the middle of the
last century, proposes that our relationships – especially with our parents – shape how we relate
to others through life, known as our attachment style. Generally, people have either ‘secure
attachment’, meaning they are confident in their worth and have great trust in others; ‘anxious
attachment’, in which they have low self-esteem and fear rejection and neglect by others; or
‘avoidant attachment’, which means they too have low self-esteem and low trust in others, but
cope by avoiding getting too close to others in the first place.
There are many contributing factors to the kind of attachment style we develop, including the
responsiveness of our parents, as well as our own personality. Also relevant, however, is our
parents’ relationship with each other. For children, parents provide a model for how
disagreements should be resolved in close relationships, and research suggests this has
consequences for children’s later attachment style. For example, one study involving 157 couples
found that those individuals whose parents had divorced when they were children were more
likely to have an insecure attachment style as adults.
Your work behaviour can be affected by your attachment style in many ways. For instance, if you
are anxiously attached, you might be extra fearful of facing rejection for performing your tasks
poorly. These deep-rooted psychological processes also affect bosses – for example, those with a
secure attachment style are more inclined to delegate more important work to their employees.
Your attachment style is not unchangeable, though. Recent research has shown attachment styles
evolve to some extent through life in response to current circumstances. Being more aware of
your tendencies in a relationship and a variety of situations can enable you to take steps to
improve them or turn them to your advantage. Your ways of relating to others at work might
have deep roots, but if psychology has taught us one thing, it’s that learning and changing is
possible through life.
Question 1: Which of the following best serves as a title for the passage?
A. What You Can Do To Change Your Attachment Style In The Workplace
B. How Your Work Behaviour May Have Been Affected By Your Parents
C. The Influence Of Divorces On The Mentality Of Young Children
D. The Negative Mental Impacts Of An Insecure Attachment Styles
Question 2: Which of the following is NOT TRUE about attachment styles?
 A. They can be divided into three common types.
B. They are the result of various factors.
C. They affect both bosses and employees.

D. They are changeable and not deep-rooted.

Question 3: The word “amicably” in paragraph 1 can be best replaced by .
A. slightly B. secretly C. carefully D. peacefully
Question 4: The word “them” in the last paragraph refers to .
A. circumstances B. tendencies
C. situations D. styles
Question 5: The phrase “delegate” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. provide B. assign C. distribute D. share

Đề 13:
If somebody tells you to imagine something but you simply cannot do that, then you might be
among the few people who experiences aphantasia.
The term "aphantasia" comes from the Greek words a, which means “without,” and phantasia,
meaning “a capacity to form mental images.” The phenomenon was first described by
psychologist Francis Galton in 1880 and the term, which denotes the lack of a "mind's eye," or
inability to visualize in the mind, was created in 2015 by neurologist Adam Zeman.
While Zeman believes that heredity and environmental conditions are both likely to be
contributing factors, the exact cause of aphantasia is still unknown. Neuroimaging has shown
that mental images is associated with the left temporal lobe and requires an extensive series of
pathways in the brain to occur. And scientists are still studying why these might work in
different ways in different people.
However, don't worry too much if you are indeed experiencing aphantasia. The lack of a mind's
eye does not mean a person will live a boring, colourless life without any creativity and
imagination. Many people who have aphantasia, or aphantasics, go on to be successful in
visually creative fields. In fact, Zeman notes that Ed Catmull, recently retired Walt Disney
Animation Studios president and co-founder of Pixar, is aphantasic. "We recently organised an
exhibition of work by aphantasic artists, and aphantasia is no bar to imaginative, creative lives,"
Zeman explains.
(Adapted from health.howstuffworks.com)
Question 1: What is the passage mainly about?