42076418711674(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

•-CERTIFICATE-•
This is to certify that Gayatri Solanki", a student of class Xll" has

successfully completed the investigatory project on the topic
"Presence of Insecticides and Pesticides in Various Fruits and
Vegetables" under the guidance of Gaurav Pratap Singh (Subject
Teacher), This project is absolutely genuine and does not indulge in
plagiarism Of any kind. The references taken in making this project
have been declared at the end of this project.
Signature
(Subject Teacher)
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project work
entitled
'To study the presence of nitrogen
containing insecticides and pesticides in
various fruits and vegetables", submitted
to Department of hhemistry M.S
PUBLIh ShHOOL is prepared by me.
Gayatri SOLANKI
hlass Xll (science)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the accomplishment of this project
successfully many people have best owned
upon me their blessings and the heart pledged
support , this time I am utilizing to thank all
the people who have been concerned with
project.
Primarily I would thank god for being able to
complete this project with success. Then I would
Like thank my principal mrs bhavna kulshrestha
and chemistry teacher MR. GAURAV PRATAP
SINGH, whose valuable guidance has been the
ones that helped me patch this project and make
it full proof success. His suggestions and his
instructions have served as the major con tribute
towards the completion of the project.
Then I would Like to thank my parents and friends
who have helped me with their valuable suggestions
and guidance has been helpful in various phases of
the completion of the project
Last but not the least I would like to thank my
classmates who have helped me a lot and also Sir
Lab attendant MR. GAURAV PRATAP SINGH.
-•Table of contents •-
❖ Introduction
❖ Theory
❖ Apparatus
❖ Requirement
❖ Procedure
❖ Observation
❖ Conclusion
❖ Bibliography
-•OBJECTIVE•-
To Study the Presence

of Insecticides and
Pesticides in Various
Fruits and Vegetables.
•- introduction -•
In the past decade there has been a tremendous increase
in the yields of various crops to meet the demand of
overgrowing population, achieved by using pesticides
and insecticides, These are chemicals that are sprayed
over crop to protect it from pests. or example: DOT,
BHC, zinc, phosphide, Mercuric chloride,
Dinitrophenol, etc. All pesticides are poisonous
Chemicals and are used in small quantities with care.
Pesticides are proven to be effective against variety of
insects, weeds and fungi and are respectively called
insecticides, herbicides and fungicides. Most of the
pesticides are non-biodegradable and remain penetrated
as such into plants, fruits and vegetables, From plants
they transfer to animals, birds and human beings who
eat these polluted fruits and vegetables. Inside the body
they get accumulated and cause serious health
problems. These days preference is given to
biodegradable insecticides like Malathion. The
presence of insecticides residues in even raw samples
of wheat. Fish, meat, butter etc, have aroused the
concern Of agricultural administrator,. Scientists and
health officials all over the world to put a check over
the use of insecticides and to search for non insecticidal
means of pest control
•-THEORY-•
Nitrogen present in organic compounds is detected by "Lassaigne's Test".

The elements present in the compound are converted from covalent
form into the ionic form by fusing the compound with sodium metal,
Following reaction take place:
Na + C + N gives NaCN the presence of

Heat
Cyanide of sodium so formed on sodium fusion is extracted from the

fused mass by boiling it with distilled water. This extract is known as
sodium fusion extract.
•-APPARATUS-•
➢ Mortar and pestle

➢ Beakers
➢ Funnel
➢ Glass rod
➢ Filter paper
➢ China dish
➢ Water bath
➢ Tripod stand
➢ Fusion tube
➢ Knife
➢ Test tube
•-CHEMICAL
REQUIREMENTS-•
• Sample of various fruits and vegetables

• Alcohol
• Sodium Metal
• Ferric Sulphate Crystal
• Distilled Water
• Dil . Sulphuric Acid in
•-PROCEDURE-•
1) Take different types of fruits and vegetables and cut them into small pieces
separately.
2 ) Transfer the cut pieces Of various fruits and vegetables into it separately and
crush them.
3) Take different kinds each kind fruits and vegetables and place the crushed fruits
and vegetables in these beakers and add 100 ml of alcohol to each or these.
4) Stir well and filter.
5) Collect the filtrate in separate china dishes , evaporate the alcohol by heating
the china dishes one by one over water bath and let the residue dry in oven.
6) Heat a small piece of sodium in a fusion tube, till it melts.
7) Drop the hot fusion Tube in a china dish containing 10 ml Of distilled
water.
8) Drop the hot fusion tube in a china dish containing about 10 ml of
distilled water.
9) Break the tube and boil the contents of the china dish for about 5
minutes.
10) Cool and filter the solution .
11) collect the filtrate
12) To the filtrate Add 1 ml of freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solution
and warm the contents .
13) Then add 2-3 drops Of ferric chloride solution and acidity with dilute
HCL.
14) If a blue or green ppt or coloration is obtained it indicates the
presence of nitrogen insecticide.
15) Repeat the test Of nitrogen for residues obtained from Other fruits and
vegetables and record the observation.
•-OBSERVATIONS-•
S.No Name of Test for Presence of

the fruit or presence of Insecticides
vegetable nitrogen or
pesticides
residue
1. Apple Positive Yes
2. Banana Positive Yes
3. Patato Positive Yes
4. Cucumber Positive Yes

•-CONCLUSION-•
it is concluded that from the above observations, that each fruit or

vegetable contains nitrogenous insecticide or pesticide residues in it,
•-BIBLIOGRAPHY-•
✓ NCERT chemistry -Xll

✓ Comprehensive practical Chemistry -
Xll
✓ w.w.w.scribd.com

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•-CERTIFICATE-•

This is to certify that Gayatri Solanki", a student of class Xll" has

To Study the Presence

Nitrogen present in organic compounds is detected by "Lassaigne's Test".

Na + C + N gives NaCN the presence of

Cyanide of sodium so formed on sodium fusion is extracted from the

➢ Mortar and pestle

• Sample of various fruits and vegetables

S.No Name of Test for Presence of

2. Banana Positive Yes

3. Patato Positive Yes

4. Cucumber Positive Yes

it is concluded that from the above observations, that each fruit or

✓ NCERT chemistry -Xll

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