Chemistry

To Study the Presence of
Insecticides and Pesticides in

Various Fruits and Vegetables
By
B.KAILESH AADHITHYAA
Acknowledgement
• I would like to thank my chemistry teacher,
Mrs.Shanmugavadivu for guiding me throughout
this project work. I would also thank our lab
assistant who helped me to set up the project and
helped me in practical works. I would also like to
thank my parents for their support whenever I
needed it. I also cannot forget to thank my friends
who helped me a lot to complete this project in the
time frame.Finally, I would like to thank everyone
involved in this project work.
Abstract
• To Study the Presence of Insecticides and
Pesticides in Various Fruits and Vegetables.
• In the past decade there has been a
tremendous increase in the yields of various
crops to meet the demand of overgrowing
population, achieved by using pesticides and
insecticides.
• These are chemicals that are sprayed over crop to
protect it from pests. For example: DDT, BHC, zinc
phosphide, Mercuric chloride, dinitrophenol, etc. All
pesticides are poisonous chemicals and are used in
small quantities with care. Pesticides are proven to
be effective against variety of insects, weeds and
fungi and are respectively called insecticides,
herbicides and fungicides. Most of the pesticides
are non-biodegradable and remain penetrated as
such into plants, fruits and vegetables.
• From plants they transfer to animals, birds and human
beings who eat these polluted fruits and vegetables.
Inside the body they get accumulated and cause serious
health problems. These days preference is given to
biodegradable insecticides like Malathion. The presence
of insecticides residues in even raw samples of wheat,
fish, meat, butter etc. have aroused the concern of
agricultural administrators, scientists and health officials
all over the world to put a check over the use of
insecticides and to search for non insecticidal means of
pest control.
Materials required
• Mortar and pestle, Beakers, Funnel, Glass rod,

Filter paper, China dish, Water bath, Tripod
stand, Fusion tube, Knife, Test tube
Requirements
• Samples of various fruits and vegetables,

Alcohol, Sodium Metal, Ferric Chloride,
Ferrous Sulphate Crystals, Distilled Water and
Dil. Sulphuric Acid
Theory
• Nitrogen present in organic compounds is

detected by “Lassssaiigne’’ss Tesstt”.. The
elements present in the compound are
converted from covalent form into the ionic
form by fusing the compound with sodium
metal. Following reaction take place:
• Cyanide of sodium so formed on sodium
fusion is extracted from the fused mass by
boiling it with distilled water. This extract is
known as sodium fusion extract.
Procedure
• 1) Take different types of fruits and vegetables

and cut them into small pieces separately.
• 2) Transfer the cut pieces of various fruits and
vegetables into it separately and crush them.
• 3) Take different kinds for each kind of fruits and
vegetables and place the crushed fruits and
vegetables in these beakers and add 100 ml of
alcohol to each of these.
• 4) Stir well and filter.
• 5) Collect the filtrate in separate china dishes,
evaporate the alcohol by heating the china dishes one
by one over a water bath and let the residue dry in the
oven.
• 6) Heat a small piece of sodium in a fusion tube, till it
melts.
• 7) Then add one of the above residues from the china
dish to this fusion tube and heat it till red hot.
• 8) Drop the hot fusion tube in a china dish containing
about 10 ml of distilled water.
• 9) Break the tube and boil the contents of the
china dish for about 5 minutes.
• 10) Cool and filter the solution.
• 11) Collect the filtrate.
• 12) To the filtrate add 1 ml of freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution and warm the
contents.
• 13) Then add 2-3 drops of ferric chloride
solution and acidify with dilute HCl.
• 14) If a blue or green ppt. or coloration is
obtained it indicates the presence of nitrogen
containing insecticides.
• 15) Repeat the test of nitrogen for residues
obtained from other fruits and vegetables and
record the observation.
Observations
Conclusion
• It is concluded that from the above

observations, that each fruit or vegetable
contains nitrogenous insecticide or pesticide
residues in it.

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To Study the Presence of

Insecticides and Pesticides in

• Mortar and pestle, Beakers, Funnel, Glass rod,

• Samples of various fruits and vegetables,

• Nitrogen present in organic compounds is

• 1) Take different types of fruits and vegetables

• It is concluded that from the above

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