See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/363172421

MINERAL EXPLORATION IN ALGERIA: CURRENT STATE AND

PERSPECTIVES 1-Eglab and Hoggar shields

Conference Paper · September 2022

CITATIONS READS

0 368

1 author:

Djamal-Eddine Aissa
University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene
70 PUBLICATIONS 180 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Djamal-Eddine Aissa on 01 September 2022.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

MINERAL EXPLORATION IN ALGERIA: CURRENT STATE
AND PERSPECTIVES
1-Eglab and Hoggar shields
AISSA D.E., BAGUI M., BOUTALEB A. , KOLLI O., AMIEUR M.
USTHB Algiers djam.aissa@laposte.net
Algeria territory is subdivided into two major structural units,
Alpine and African chains separated by the South atlasic major fault
‘(South-Atlas Front )
South atlasic major fault

Algerian Alpine
Chain

Algerian African chain

Algeria territory is still underprospected. On the basis
of the geodynamic evolution, we can define three
metallogenic domains from South to North of
Algeria :
Eglab and Hoggar shields
Saharan Platform
Alpine chain.
In this conference we will expose for
each domain, the main existing
mineralization and then by means of the
predictive metallogeny and our field
work, we attempt to predict the
promising areas that deserve exploration
 EGLAB SHIELD
RASD

Eglab shield (which it’s tectonic

stability is controversial) belong
to the West African Craton. The
main mineralisations which are
formed during the Eburnean
Orogeny and prospected by the
ORGM* organism in this shield ORGM :National Organism of
are: Mining and Geology of Algeria
 - orogenic gold veins
Mineralisations of the Eglab shield hosted in Birimian
(Eburnean Orogeny) greenstones formations linked
with the NW-SE regional shear zones
-Cu-Mo-Au veins and
disseminations hosted in
Monzosyenites Paleoproterozoi
circular structure (Eglab Chérif).

-PGE showings linked with

Gabbros at Teggeur, Eglab Est (Piboule
et Boukhalfa 1996)
4
-REE- U-Th-Nb
showings linked with syenites
and alkaline granites 2076 Ma
- -Placer and paleoplacer of
gold, rutile, ilménite, zircon
 -Diamantiferous placer in
quaternary alluvial deposits at Reggane
around Eglab craton
-Detrital diamant at Tanezrouft, Azel Matti, Tedikelt
-U,Th calcrete at Hamada
-

1 orogenic gold deposit 2 Porphyry Cu-Mo-Au mineralization 3 PGE showings 4 REE showings

Geological map of Eglab shield (Peucat et al 2005, Mahdjoub and Kahoui, 2007 BENRAMDANE, 2007,) showing main ore
deposits
Black gold quartz vein in shear zone at Akilet Deilel
Gold quartz veinlets cutting a granite
Perspective and predictive mineral discovery for the Eglab shield
The Junction zone that separates the Yetti from the
Eglab terrane is highly promising for :
- anorogenic-alkali granites (REE ,Nb,Ta,Zr,U, P),
-carbonatite-syenite complexes * the Chenachene shear zone
and deep faults is also
promsing ring alkali granite
(REE mineralsation )

 The Aftout Eglab Volcanic

formation (is optimistic for the
VMS deposits (Cu, Zn, Pb, Au, Ag)

1 orogenic gold deposit 2: Porphyry Cu-Mo-Au mineralization 3: PGE showings

The mineralisation currently
known are noticeably deficient
for a craton of this span.
Especially as, that it is the
Eburnean orogeny that dominates
in the Eglabs.
Indeed, The West African craton is
highly endowed in metals and
approximately 50% of all mineral
deposits in the database are
produced by the Eburnean
orogeny (V. Markwitz et al.2016
/ Precambrian Research 274 (2016) 61–81)
Therefore, many mineralisations
remain to discover

Compilation of West African mineral deposits: Spatial distribution and mineral endowment
Vanessa Markwitz Kim A.A. Hein , John Miller 2016 Precambrian Research 274 (2016) 61–81
Moreover, by comparison with similar Eburnean geodynamic context in West Africa (
Melcher et al. 2015) ; REE linked with syenites and pegmatites must be also
prospected at the margins craton and the intra-cratonic lithospheric
boundaries

REE Pegmatite

F. Melcher et al. / Ore Geology Reviews 64 (2015) 667–719

. Map of African rare-element pegmatite and rare-metal granite provinces (different symbols). Colours indicate age
provinces. The following numbered provinces are dealt with in the
text: 1.1 Man Shield, 1.2 Congo Craton, 1.3 Zimbabwe Craton, 1.4 Kaapvaal Craton, 2.1 Birimian Province, 2.2 Kibalian in north-eastern
DRC, 3.1 Kibara Belt, 3.2 Kamativi Schist Belt, 3.3
Orange River Belt, 4.1 Eastern Desert, 4.2 Adola Belt, 4.3 Alto Ligonha Province, 4.4 Damara Belt, 4.5 Older Granites (Nigeria), 4.6
Madagascar, 5.1 Younger Granites (Nigeria).
Map base is modified from Schlüter (2006).
 In the other hand, the Western Reguibat Alkaline Province (WRAP), (Mauritania, Morocco,
Algeria?) contains several carbonatite complexes , often in the craton marginal parts (Woolley,
2001 ;Bea et al., 2013, 2014). The margins of the Eglab craton deserve to be prospected

Ediacaran period

Carbonatite and alkaline massif

Paulsen et al 2017 occurrences in Africa (Woolley, 2001),

Carbonatite-syenite complexe must be prospected at the margins

craton and at the intra-cratonic lithospheric boundaries
Timothy Paulsen , Chad Deering , Jakub Sliwinski , Olivier Bachmann & Marcel Guillong 2017 - Evidence for a
spike in mantle carbon outgassing during the Ediacaran period Nature Geosciencevolume 10, pages930–934
(2017)
HOGGAR SHIELD
The Hoggar shield belongs to the Pan-African belt . It was formed between
750 and 550 Ma by continental collision between the converging West
African craton, and East Sahara metacraton The Tuareg shield was built in
three stages (Caby, 1996; Liégeois
et al., 2003, 2013)

-The first stage (730–630 Ma;

HOGGAR Cryogenian) involved the
accretion of island and continental
arcs to several cratons.
-The second stage (630–580 Ma,
Ediacaran) was a collisional event,
involving :
-northward escape of the Tuareg
terranes between the two main
cratons, along N-S mega-shear
zones with up to 1000 km of
lateral displacement;
-The third stage (575–540 Ma, late
Ediacaran involved reactivation
of late (transtensional) mega-
shear zones,
 The ORGM (National Organism of Mining and Geology of Algeria) has
prospected various king of mineralisation

1- Rare Metal Granites

• During the Pan-African orogeny (750–520 Ma),final convergence
occurred mainly during the 620–580 Ma period with the emplacement of
high-K calc-alkaline batholiths, but continued until 520 Ma with the
emplacement of alkali-calcic and alkaline high-level granites .
These plutons emplaced in central Hoggar at 539–523 Ma are known as
the ‘‘Taourirt’’ granites . The Taourirts are high-level subcircular massifs
displaying a wide transition from dominant alkali-calcic to minor alkaline
granite varieties (Azzouni et al.2003). They are aligned along mega-shear
zones often delimiting terranes. Emplacement of these late granites was
controlled either by the mega-shear zones themselves, as in the Iskel arc
terrane, or by secondary shears of various directions (N10°, N50° and
N140°E) dissecting the terranes, as in the LATEA metacraton
Taourirt Granite := late post -collisional evolved granites (540- 520 Ma)
The Taourirts are high-level subcircular granites massifs

Hanana cupola
In Ebegui cupola
The Tan Chafao alkali cupolas
RARE-METAL MINERALIZATION (W–Sn –Nb-Ta–Li–Be) LINKED WITH TAOURIRT GRANITES

Rare-metal mineralization
(W–Sn–Ta–Li–Be) are
spatially associated with
evolved Li–F-granites that
are members of the latest
stage of Pan-African felsic
magmatism =Taourirt
granites . 539– 523 Ma (
ORGM, Cheilletz et al. 1992 ; Chalal
et al. , Kesraoui et al., ,Nedjari et al. ,
Bouabsa et al. ; Marignac et al. 2016 ).
More than 50 rare-metal
occurrences (Sn–W–Ta–Li–
Be) that were prospected
by the ORGM in the
Hoggar shield, only about
five are of economic
interest.
 The mineralogy of the albite–topaz
RMG at the Laouni Terrane leucogranite is constant:
quartz, albite, K-feldspar,
protolithionite or
zinnvaldite,topaz and locally
fluorite and columbite-tantalite
These leucogranites are spatially
associated with Sn–W
mineralizations (cassiterite and
wolframite) in greisenized
quartz dykes or in diffuse or
fissured greisens
ORGM, Cheilletz et al. 1992 ; Chalal et al. , Kesraoui
et al., ,Nedjari et al.2012 , Bouabsa et al. ;
Marignac et al. 2016 )..
 TAOURIRT GRANITES AT ISKEL TERRANE
• The granites comprises cluster of about 20 granitic subcircular
zoned plutons . Four major felsic rock types have been defined
in the Silet-Taourirt granites (Azzouni et al 2003):

G I, G IIa, G Iib: Alcali-calcic, metaluminous

G III: Alkaline to peralkaline, -metaluminous
Rare Metals
quartz vein

Exploration
shaft

Outcrop of Nahda W (Sn Be Cu Mo Ta Li ) vein

 Euhedral
Quartz

Zinwaldite

Outcrop ofGreisen with Quartz , Zinwaldite, Beryl at Rechla deposit

•
•

• Euhedral wolframite minerals in quartz vein (Tin Amzi deposit)

 The ORGM exploration
highlighted the presence of a
weak showings of Tantalum
at At Oklan and Tesnou
Our research works (Aissa
et al. 2015; 2017 )have
succeeded to the
discovery of a new Nb-Ta
REE showing at Tin Erit
peralkaline granite(A
type) and Tiouiene ,Tin
Felki
The first results indicate that they
are promising
Indeed, we discovered for the first time
the following minerals

Fig : Rare Metals showings at the Iskel Terrane (Amieur et al 2014 ;

Aissa et al. 2015; 2017 )
These Peralkaline granites and linked mineralisations are located at the boundary of 2
huge batholiths (Tin Tekadiouit 870-840 Ma and Imezarene 620 Ma)
 Euxenite minerals (Y, Ca, Ce, U, Th)(Nb, Ta, Ti)2O6
disseminated in the de Tin Erit Peralkaline Granite
It is the first time in all the Hoggar that such a mineral has been discovered
Columbo-Tantalite (Fe, Mn)(Nb, Ta)2 O6
Other economic minerals encountered in Tin Erit Granite
(Aissa et al. 2015; 2017 )

Wodginite
Mn4(Sn>Ta, i, Fe)(Ta>Nb)8O32

Microlite (Na, Ca)2Ta2O6(O, OH,F)

Allanite (Ce, Ca, Y) 2(Al, Fe +3)3(SiO4)3(OH)

Autunite CaO2UO3 P2O5 8H2O

Lepidolite,
Li Micas
Zinwaldite
 Microscopic views ( Transmited light, 1Nicol))

Euxenite columbite entourée par la

Microlite wodginite . Wodginite

300 µm
The Rare Metals mineralisations in the Hoggar shield were
directly linked to the late post -collisional evolved granites A- Post-orogenic calc-
(540- 520 Ma). We distinguish 2 mains petrographic and alkaline granites Laouni terrane
metallogenic groups: Sn-W (±Ta)
They represent a true peraluminous
F-Na-Li-rich Rare Metal Granites
(RMGs) 540-520Ma . They are
spatially associated with Sn–W
mineralizations (cassiterite and
wolframite) in quartz veins,
greisenized quartz dykes or in diffuse
or fissured greisens. Ta and Be minerals
accompany sometimes these
mineralisations

B- Anorogenic
Alkaline to peralkaline granites
Iskel terrane
Nb-Ta- REE –U-Th
(‘SILET group) <520Ma ) They are
constituted by the metaluminous
granites and belong to the A- type
granites). evolving towards F-rich
(topaz-bearing) alaskites), generating a
disseminated Nb-Ta- REE
mineralisations
•Rare Metal
PEGMATITES
HOGGAR RARE METAL PEGMATITES (RMP)
 Until now, only one type of RMP is known in the Hoggar : Taourirt RMP
that’s the one linked to the late post -collisional evolved granites
(Taourirts) ( 540-520 Ma), ; Their development is llimited and they are
essentially characterized by the presence of coarse minerals of beryl

 A second type of RMP i.e. the Pre-Taourirt RMP

has recently discovered by Amieur et al. 2014 at Felki region
This kind is linked to the syn orogenic emplacement of high-K calc-
alkaline batholiths Imezarene(620–580 Ma) ,
 1-RMP Taourirt : weakly developed

2- Pre-Taourirt RMP
The Tin Felki PEGMATITE FIELD

• There are more than 100 pegmatite dykes, linked to the huge
batholith HKCA granite 620-580Ma The pegmatite dykes
display a clear mineral zonation and are composed chiefly of
up to half-metre long quartz and microcline megacrysts set in
a coarse- to very coarse-grained matrix (quartz, feldspars, Li-
micas, schorl , garnet, beryl, topaz). Accessory apatite,
fluorite, zircon, Ti-oxides and acicular columbo-tantalite (the
latter included in feldspars, topaz and micas) . These
pegmatites are representative of the LCT pegmatite class
 B- Pre-Taourirt RMP
The Tin Felki PEGMATITE FIELD

The field consists of more

hundred pegmatite veins ,
lenticular veins and thin dikes
intruding HKCA granites and
micaschists
These pegmatites can be
classified into three main
groups, hereafter termed as
P1 to P3 veins or dikes
10 m
HKCA Granite 620-580Ma
Simplified map
) showing the distribution of Tin
Felki pegmatites connected with granite pluton
( Amieur et al.2014; Aissa et al.2015; 2016) .
Schematic drawing of the internal zonation in P1 pegmatite dykes (Aissa et al.2015; 2017)
The P1 pegmatite dikes
(NNW strikes, 20 to 700 m long and 2 to 12 m thick)
 P1
Pegmatite
vein
Beryl bearing Pegmatite
Phenakite
 : Photomicrographs of
columbite-Tantalite minerals
(opaque minerals) from P1 Tin
Felki Pegmatites using
transmitted light . A: included
in topaz ; B: Included in albite;
C and D: included in Lepidolite;
E: at the contact between
cassiterite and albite; F:
included in cassiterite
The ORGM (National Bureau of Mining and Geology of Algeria) has prospected various king of mineralisation

2- GOLD
A total of more than 600 gold occurrences and deposits have been identified by ORGM.
The Hoggar gold mineralisations may be globally classified in orogenic vein type. They consist in quartz vein
containing : native gold, pyrite, galena , sericite, miuscovite

200 km
But only four of them are of economic interest .
Why? Because many factors controls the gold mineralisations

The Hoggar gold mineralisation are linked to the

translithospheric faults trending 2°30 , 4°13 , 7°30 and 8°30 (Ferkous
and Monié, 1997; Aissa et al.2002; Semiani et al 2004 , Marignac et al.2016; Aissa et Marignac 2017)
In Abegui deposit

ORGM ; Boutrika et Aissa (2006;2010; 2017)

 The In Abegui district

Mineral association: Quartz-

tourmaline-muscovite- Nativ
gold –Arsenopyrite- pyrite (±
molybdenite ± wolframite)

There are two generations of Gold quartz veins in Abeggui deposit.

A: swarm of dominantly N30°E quartz-tourmaline hosted in Gabbro massif =veins 1.
B:veins/veinlets =veins2 , hosted in felsic dikes cut /overprint the veinsystem1 .
Both systems 1 and2 are Au-rich
(redrawn from Alexandrov 1973, in Boutrika, 2006)
At In Abeggui, gold is hosted by
swarms of quartz-tourmaline veins
with chlorite-calcite-sericite selvages,
overprinting the main gabbro mass.

Essaim
 TIREK-AMESMESSA DEPOSITS
A world class Tirek and Amesmessa gold deposits are
sited in the East-Ouzzal Mega Shear Zone (EOSZ)
trending 2°30

The 1,000 km long EOSZ is defined by a

mylonite belt,
1-3 km wide, with a central 50 m-wide
ultramylonite belt hosting numerous
gold -quartz veins.

Mineral association : sporadic pyrite,

chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, rare native
bismuth, bismuthinite, hessite (Ag2Te), and
altaite (PbTe).

These deposits and occurrences

contains variable mineral and 200 Km
element traces by decreasing
importance: Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag, Bi, Trans
W, Te, Nb, Ta, REE , scarce PGE lithospheric
strike slip fault
, Li, Sn, W, Sb,
Gold quartz vein outcropping at Tirek deposit
Gold quartz vein at Tirek quarry
• Beresite=metasomatic
rock= Hydrothermal
alteration of hosting
rocks composed by :
quartz (25 à 50%),
albite (5-25%), séricite
(10-15% ) carbonates
(calcite, dolomite,
ankerite, siderite)
(10%)and pyrite
(>5%) . The beresite
rock constitute an
envelop (covering)
around the gold quartz
veins
Ultramylonite
Beresite
Gold quartz vein
Early stage: folded-boudinaged quartz vein
Esrly stages: sulfides and quartz vein folded and boudinaged

Contrôle Tectonique/Djamal-Eddine . AISSA,

Nov. 2017
Deformed Quartz veinlet(and sulfides) hosted in Beresite
 Two gold stages:
1- linked to the
beresite and
Boudinaged –quartz
folded veinlets in
the beresite

2-linked to the main

central quartz vein
Quartz vein

Gold stage Beresite +

Boudinaged –folded
linked to the quartz veinlets
beresite

ORGM & E NOR data

 -At the deposit scale
Structural map showing that the high development of
beresites and gold mineralisations are under the
control of the Transtensional dilational bends

Strike slip dextral fault

Bagui 2015; Bagui et Aissa , publication in progress
 -At the field vein scale
ENOR data

Structural map showing that the high gold grades are under the control of
the Transtensional dilational bends and extensional overstep

Bagui 2015
Transtensional dilational bends
Woodcock et Fisher, 1986 .
- TIRIRINE DEPOSIT 6 - 8t Au

Tiririne gold district is

linked with the
Raghane megaShear Zone (8°30’) and
second order megashear zone , hosted
by a Paleoproterozoic rocks
Mineral association:
Py- Gl-Sp-Cp-Au
(Bismuthinite, Scheelite,
Molybdenite).
-Qu, Ser., Chl., Calcite.
-It is constitued by 4 main
vein fields who nclude
more than 600 quartz veins

ORGM, Talbi 1985, Aissa et Bedouhene 1985;

Aissa et al. 2002 , Aissa et al.2017
Auriferous quartz vein outcropping at Tiririne 1 deposit
 ORGM data
Field 1: Hosted in volcano-detrital serie, granite and Palep roterozoic gneiss
North field: 120 subvertical veins L 20-
3000m T:0.5-1.50m g:34g/t

Field 2a: hosted only in volcanosedmentary serie

97 barren veins

Field 2b hosted only in volcanosedmentary serie

Field 3 hosted in granite and paleoproterozoic gneiss

. Schematic map of the Tiririne gold deposits

ORGM; Aissa et Bedouhene 1985; Aissa et al.
2002 ; Aissa and Marignac 2017
Field 4 hosted in granite and paleoproterozoic gneiss

Lithological & stratigraphic

control of gold concentration
 Tab : .Main controls of Hoggar Gold Deposits (Aissa et al. 2015;2017)
n° Gold Gold Hosting Terrane age, type Other controls
deposits reserves
(TONS)

1 Tirek 17-20 t Archean-Proterozoic boundary Lithospheric fault

Au Ultramylonite -Shear Zone , Ultramylonite
-high deformation and fracturation
rate
-vast hydrothermal alteration,
2 Amessmessa 70-100 t Archean- Proterozoic boundary Lithospheric fault
Ultramylonite -Shear Zone , Ultramylonite
-medium deformation and fracturation
rate
-medium hydrothermal alteration,
3 Tekouyet 1.5- 2 t Panafrican juvenile terrane -Lithospheric fault
>100 veins (Granite) -low hydrothermal alteration

4 In Abegui 10 -12t Proteozoic terrane -Lithospheric fault

(Gabbro, volcanosedimentary serie) -medium hydrothermal alteration

5 Tiririne- 6-9 t -Partly Proterozoic terrane (1.92 Lithospheric fault , Shear Zone
Hanane Ga) - Gold veins -low hydrothermal alteration
>600 veins -Partly juvenile terranes : barren
veins

6 Tin Zekri 4-7t Proterozoic terrane (1.92 Ga)

~ 20 veins
• Extension Area
• By examining the geological and geophysical
maps, it is noted that within the lithospheric
accidents the rich and poor deposits are
located in given sections and that beyond
certain limits no appreciable mineralization is
encountered (Aissa and Marignac 2016) . As
the Hoggar results from a collision, the West
and East African cratons exerted maximum
stresses (δ1) at the origin of a distension area
facilitating a good circulation of mineralizing
fluids
Extension Area

First order controls of the gold deposits and occurrences of the

Hoggar by (i) the Pan-African megashear zones; and (ii) corridors
with extensional structures (Aissa et Marignac 2017)
 - Minéralisations linked with

ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS
Within the mafic-ultramafic rocks , The ORGM organism,
has prospected many Cr ± Ni mineralisations apparently
without economic importance . Two main types are
distinguished:
-1 mineralisations linked with the ‘‘ophiolitic
remnants’’ marking the boundaries between
the different terranes (Aderniba, Tihaliouine. ).
It consits in chromite (± Ni)
pods (Boukhalfa,1987, 1992).; rarely including
scarce PGE (Os, Ru, Ir) traces (T. augé et M.
Joubert , 2012)

2- mineralisations linked with layered

mafic–ultramafic intrusions containing
ORGM
disseminated magmatic Ni–Cu sulphides, (In
Tedeini, Laouni ,)ORGM
.
Chromite Pods at Aderniba (‘‘ophiolitic remnants’’)
Chromite field at In Tedeini (layered mafic–ultramafic intrusions
• Besides the Chromium which it sub-
economic; the petrographic and geochemical
characteristics of mafic-ultramafic formations
seems not really favorable for the presence
of Ni–Cu–(PGE) sulphide mineralization; at
economic concentration because the
ultramafic massif are smalls (0.2 to 4 km X 1
to 7km ) and insufficiently fractionated
 • NEOPROTEROZOIC
VOLCANOSEDIMENTARY BASINS
AND VMS MINERALISATIONS
NEOPROTEROZOIC VOLCANOSEDIMENTARY BASINS AND VMS MINERALISATIONS

Neoproterozoic basins (green curves) and developed VMS-type

mineralization (ORGM)
NEOPROTEROZOIC VOLCANOSEDIMENTARY BASINS AND VMS MINERALISATIONS

The ORGM organism prospected

several Cu-Zn mineralization
in the NEOPROTEROZOÏC
volcano sedimentary basins
 In the Chet Iller basin ,
VMS mineralizations of
Beshi type deposited in
two stages:(Hamis et Aissa 2009)
 Cu, Zn, Au ,U, Mo,).and
ORGM  Cu-W –Au

 -At the Tin Zerarine basin

exist a weak
disseminations of Cu Zn Pb
W Nb Ta hosted in black
shales formation (ORGM;
Guessoum et Aissa 2012)

Like their counterparts in Africa , The Hoggar Neoproterozoïc volcano sedimentary basins are promising
for a VMS Cu, Zn, Au , W , Mo mineralisations.
 RARE EARTH ELEMENTS REE

• - At Hoggar shield many REE showings are enoutered :

• - Occurrences related to Proterozoic carbonatites and syenites .
These rocks dated at 2030 Ma outcrop within the Archean granulitic
unit of In Ouzzal (Western Hoggar) (Ouzegane et al.1998, Cherbal et
al.2019, Djeddi et al 2021)
• -Showings related to Proterozoic and Pan-African alkaline
granites-syenites of the western Hoggar (Aissa et al.2017; Aissa,
2019)
• - Showings linked to the Proterozoic and Pan-African pegmatites
of the western and central Hoggar (Aissa et al.2017; Aissa, 2019)
• -Significant anomalies in REE linked to Cenozoic phonolites-
trachytes of the central Hoggar swell (Ben El Khaznadji et al 2017)
• - Significant anomalies in REE and Uranium related to the basic
conglomerate of the Cambro-Ordovician series of Tahaggart (Tin
Seririne Basin, Hoggar)(Amieur, unpublished)
Location of carbonatites outcrops at In ouzzal region , Western Hoggar
(SONAREM 1987, Ouzegane et al. 1988)
Field photography showing the contact between metacarbonatite and pyroxenite at
Amesmessa
Fenitisation
Halo
Fenitised Carbonatite with xenoliths of Pyroxenite at Amesmessa
Carbonatite infilling pyroxenite.
Carbonatite infilling pyroxenite.
• Conclusion
Mineralisation of Hoggar Shield
 Among many hundreds of occurrences, only ten are of economic rank, despite
their location in reactived translithospheric faults and other favorable
features

Data base of Hoggar mineral resources (Guessoum et Aissa, 2006,2008,2010, 2012, 2014)
Economic ore deposits are located in corridors with extensional structures
(Aissa and Marignac, 2017)
 An other metallogenic control is due to the Lithospheric delamination process
and asthenospheric rising

RMG

Au
Tirek-Amesmessa

Au

Role of the lithospheric delamination in the emplacement of mineralisations (Aissa et

al.2017) .The Geodynamic model is taken from Liégeois et al. 2003
Perspective and
predictive mineral
discovery for the
Hoggar shield
 The Hoggar shield is part of several
metallogenic panafrican belts :
orogenic gold belt, REE pegmatite
Rare Element belt , RMG belt.
Pegmatites of
Hoggar

Our Works (publication in

progress) allowed us to
reveal the existence of a
Nb-Ta sub-province in
the Iskel terranne who
integrated into the
Panafrican Rare Element
pegmatite.

Rare Metal Trans-Saharan Pan-African belt (Romer et al. 2016)

Besides, more detailed prospecting should be
,
achieved for the following promising targets:  F-Nb-Ta-REE bearing Alkali Granites
(In Ouzzal, Iskel, In tedeini Terranes )

-
-Cu-Mo -Ag-Mn-Au of porphyry
type linked to the hypo-volcanic
granites: (γ5 Granites described by
Caby 1977) skel and In Tedeini
terranes)
 Rare Metals skarns and
Paleoskarns(In Ouzzal terrane),

 Rare metals and Au-Ag-Sb linked

to the Peralkaline rocks and
Rhyolite–Ignimbrite calderas at
Adrar Denat , In Ouzzal,

Peralkaline circular complex and Rhyolite–Ignimbrite calderas at Adrar Denat (Caby 2003)
 REE Nb Zr linked to
the Cenozoic-- Alkali
volcanism (syenites
tholeiites ,phonolites )
and the residual REE
resulting from the
alteration of these rocks
Placers Au , Nb, Ta, REE
District de Tin Adakatine-Idahidane (Ta-Nb-REE-Au)
(NEHoggar)
, REE

Deschamps 2013
There is not a real opportunity to find economic
concentration of diamond and PGE at Hoggar
• References
• Aissa D.E. 1976 . Contribution à l’étude pétrogéochimique et métallogéniques du massif volcanique d’El Aouana. Memoire de D.E.A. ,
Faculté des Sciences d’Alger, 76 pages, 1976
•
• Aissa D.E. & Talbi A. (1991) : Permanence géochimique, héritages et remobilisations : exemple du socle de l'Edough et de son pourtours régional.-
Bull. Serv. Géol. Algérie- Vol. 2 ,n°1, pp. 53-64 .
•
• Aissa D.E. , Cheilletz A. and Marignac Ch. (1993) : Miocene hydrothermal metamorphism in the Edough massif, (NE Algeria).-Terra Nova, supl.
Vol.5, N°1 , p. D5. 12-383.
•
• Aissa D.E. , Marignac Ch. , Gasquet D., Cheilletz A. (1995): P-T-t paths in the Edough massif (NE Algeria) : the limits of a metamorphic core complex
model.-
• Terra Nova , supl. Vol.7, N°1,p.X2,123-124.
•
•
• AissaD.E. ; Cheilletz A. ; Gasquet D. & Marignac Ch. (1995): Alpine metamorphic core complexes and metallogenesis : the Edough case (NE Algeria)-
Mineral Deposits: from their origin to their environmental impacts.- Sp. of Min. Deposit. Pasava ,Kribek& Zak eds: Balkema, Rotterdam 23-29.
•
• Aissa D.E., Marignac Ch., Cheilletz A., Gasquet D. . -1998 . Geologie et métallogénie sommaire du massif de l'Edough (NE Algerie) .Mem. Serv. Geol.
Algerie n°9, pp. 7-55, 23 fig., 1tabl., 2 pl.
•
• Aissa D.E., Marignac C. & Boutaleb A. 2000. A metallogenesis of the alpian oblique collision belt in the lesser Kabylia -Edough (NE Algeria) Journal
of African Earth Sciences ,Sp. Abstract . Issue, Vol.30, Nb 4A
• Aissa D.E., Marignac C. and Boutaleb A. 2000 b. A metallogenesis of the alpian oblique collision belt in the lesser Kabylia -Edough (NE Algeria)
.Journal of African Earth Sciences ,Sp. Abstract . Issue, Vol.30, Nb 4A
• Aissa D.E , Marignac C. , Kesraoui M & Kehal A. 2000. Magmatisme peralumineux et métaux rares dans l'Est-algérien- Colloque Métallogénie 21éme
siécle – CRPG - Nancy Dec. 2000, p.34-36
•
• Aissa D.E. ; Cheilletz A. & Marignac Ch. 2001. Magmatic fluids and skarns mineralization: the Burdigalian As-W skarn at Karezas (Edough Massif, NE
Algeria)- Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st century- Piestrzynski Ed- Balkema Publ. Rotterdam, Lisse, Tokyo, pp.877-888
•
• . AISSA D.E. 2007. Ore Deposits of Algerian Alpine Chain: The Metallogenesis of a Collision Belt.International Colloquium on Mineral Resources of
Algeria Algiers, Dec 2007- cirma@ite-exhibitions.com- ITE London, Ed
•
• AISSA Djamel-Eddine 2010 : Continental Collision and Metallogenic Results In Northeast of Algeria. International colloquium Tectonic Crossroads:
Evolving Orogens of Eurasia-Africa-Arabia_36-6. Ankara,Turkey, 3 to 8 oct 2010 gsa.confex.com/gsa/.../abstract_175477.htm
•
•
• AISSA Djamal-Eddine et BOUTALEB Abdelhak (2015) : Existe-t-il des potentialités en high-tech éléments dans la chaine alpine de
l’Algerie ? 3éme Colloque International sur la Géologie et les Ressources Minérales du Sahara Algérien - Université Kasdi Merbah –
Ouargla – Dec.2015
•

• AISSA D.E., AMIEUR M., BOUTALEB A., MARIGNAC Ch., BENZIZI K.et BAKELLI A. 2015 Caractéristiques minéralogiques du champ
filonien de pegmatites à grenat-beryl de Tioueine (Hoggar occidental). The Ninth International Colloquium «Magmatism,
Metamorphism and Associated Mineralizations» 3MA-Agadir & Taroudant -April, 2nd-4th 2015
• www.nature.com/.../31003-9_me_Colloque_International_de_3M..
•

• AISSA Djamal-Eddine and BENALI Hanafi 2016. Ore deposits linked with the Alpine magmatism of North Algeria-1st International
Symposium on the Geology of the Maghrebides chain and adjacent areas (CIGCM 2016)
• Setif, Algeria — 4-6 December 2016 — Abstracts volume. p.33-36 www.geolalg.com/cigcm2016/index.html
•
•
• Aissa, D.E., Marignac C. 2017 : Controls on gold deposits in Hoggar, Tuareg Shield (Southern Algeria). Journal of African Earth Sciences
127 (2017 ) p. 136-145

• AISSA D.E. , AMIEUR M, BAGUI M, BOUTALEB A , CHERBAL M , MARIGNAC C, SAAD W 2017 CONTROLS ON GOLD , RARE
METALS, RARE EARTH ELEMENTS DEPOSITS IN THE HOGGAR , TUAREG SHIELD (SOUTHERN ALGERIA) – 2nd Colloquium of the
International Geoscience Program (IGCP 638), 7-12 Nov 2017 Casablanca http://igcp638.univ-rennes1.fr
•

• AISSA D.E. and BOUTALEB A. 2019- Les high-tech elements utilises dans les energies renouvelables et les ntic : l’algerie en possede-
t-elle des potentialites ? SGE 2019- Tamanrasset

• AMIEUR M., AISSA D.E. , BOUTALEB A. , BENZIZI K. et BAKELLI A. 2014 : Découverte d’un nouveau champ filonien de pegmatites
a grenat-béryl dans la region de Tin Felki (Hoggar occidental) Colloque : La géologie et les ressources minérales du Hoggar- 9-13
Novembre 2014- USTHB Alger

•
• Belanteur O., Bellon H., Maury R.C., Ouabadi A., Coutelle A., Semroud B., Megartsi M., Fourcade S., Le magmatisme miocène de l’Est
de l’Algérois : géologie, géochimie et géochronologie K/Ar, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, série IIa 321 (1995) 489–496
•
• Benali H. (2007) Les minéralisations associées aux roches magmatiques tertiaires du Nord de l’Algérie: Typologie, pétrologie, cadre
géodynamique, et implications métallogéniques. Thèse Doct. Etat, U. S. T. H. B., Alger. p 173
•
• Carminati E., Wortel M.J.R., Spakman W., Sabadini R., 1998 .The role of slab detachment processes in the opening of the western-central Mediterranean basins:
some geological and geophysical evidence.Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 160 (1998) 651–665.
• Cherbal M., Yonezu K., AISSA D.E., Tindell T., Watanabe K. 2019- Metacarbonatite rocks from Amesmessa area (In Ouzzal Terrane), Hoggar shield, Algeria- Journal
of African Earth Sciences 153 (2019) 268–277
• Debon, F., Le Fort, P. (1983). A chemical-mineralogical classification of common plutonic rocks and associations. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, Earth Sci. 73, 135-149.
•
• Fourcade, S., Capdevila, R., Ouabadi, A., Martineau, F. (2001). The origin and geodynamic significance of the Alpine cordierite-bearing granitoids of northern
Algeria. A combined petrological, mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic (O, H, Sr, Nd) . Lithos, 57, 187-216
•
• Hadj Mohamed N Boutaleb A Boni M Aissa D.E. 2021
• Mineralogy, fluid inclusions, and sulfur isotope studiesof Ghar Rouban Barite (Pb-Zn) deposit, Western Algeria -Arabian Journal of Geosciences (2021) 14:621
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-06953-3
•
• Hilly J 1962. Etude géologique du massif de l’Edough et du Cap de Fer (Est Constantinois). Publ Serv Géol Algérie (nouv sér): 19, 408 pp
• KOLLI, O. and AÏSSA, D. E 2011 : The Mineralization hosted by the crystalline basement
• in the North of Algeria. Proceedings of the 1st Asia Africa Mineral Resources Conference 2011, Fukuoka, Japan pp 1-6
• Louni-Hacini, A., Bellon, H., Maury, R.C., Megartsi, M., Semroud, B., Cotten, J., Coulon, C., Coutelle, A., 1995. Datation 40K/A de la transition du volcanisme calco-
alcalin au volcanisme alcalin en Oranie au Miocene Supérieur. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 321,975 – 982
• MARIGNAC, C.; AISSA, D.E.; BOUZENOUNE, A.(1989) Transition from mesothermal to epithermal conditions : the example of the Edough massif(N.E. Algerie).
Terra Abstracts 1989- 128 –1
• Marignac C., Aïssa D.E., Deloule E., Cheilletz A. and Gasquet D., 2016. Edough-Cap de Fer Polymetallic District, Northeast Algeria: I. The Late Miocene
Paleogeothermal System of Aïn Barbar and its Cu–Zn–Pb Vein Mineralization. In Bouabdellah M. and Slack J.F. (Eds.),Mineral Deposits of North Africa, Mineral
Resource Reviews series, pp.249-276. Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. ISBN:978-3-319-31731-1/ DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-31733-5_9249
• Marignac C., Aïssa D.E., Cheilletz A. and Gasquet D., 2016 . Edough-Cap de Fer Polymetallic District, Northeast Algeria: II. Metallogenic Evolution of a Late
Miocene Metamorphic Core Complex in the Alpine Maghrebide Belt. In Bouabdellah M. and Slack J.F. (Eds.),Mineral Deposits of North Africa, Mineral Resource
Reviews series, pp. 167-200. Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. ISBN:978-3-319-31731-1/ DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-31733-5_6
• Marignac C., Aïssa D.E., Bouabsa L., Kesraoui M. and Nedjari S., 2016. The Hoggar Gold and Rare Metals Metallogenic Province of the Pan-African Tuareg Shield
(Central Sahara, South Algeria): An Early Cambrian Echo of the Late Ediacaran Murzukian Event? In Bouabdellah M. and Slack J.F. (Eds.),Mineral Deposits of North
Africa, Mineral Resource Reviews series, pp. 371-404. Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. ISBN:978-3-319-31731-1/DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-
31733-5_15.
• -Maury, R.C., Fourcade, S., Coulon, C., El Azzouzi, M., Bellon, H., Coutelle, A., Ouabadi, A., Semroud, B., Megartsi, M., Cotten, J., Belanteur, O., Louni-Hacini, A.,
Capdevila, R., Hernandez, J., Rehault, J.P. (2000). Post-collisional Neogene magmatism of the Mediterranean Maghreb margin: a consequence of slab breakoff.
C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sc.. T. planètes, 331, 159-173

• NAIT AMARA B. et AISSA D.E. 2014 : Contribution des SIG à l’étude des minéralisations de la partie centro-orientale du Nord Algérien- Bulletin du Service
Géologique National Vol. 25, n°1, pp.85-103, 16 figures - ISSN 1010-9366
• Nait Amara B., AISSA D.E., Maouche S., Braham S., Machane D. , Guessoum N. 2019. Hydrothermal alteration mapping and structural features in the Guelma
basin (Northeastern Algeria): contribution of Landsat-8 data- Arabian Journal of Geosciences 12:94 p 1-14
•
• Saad W. , Aissa D.E., Watanabe K. & Taguchi S. 2018 - Gold deposits associated with the gabbroic rocks at Tirek area, western Hoggar, Algeria: fluid inclusion
study Arabian Journal of Geosciences (2018) 11:26

View publication stats