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    Chemistry

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    m201021114

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    Chemistry

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    m201021114
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    Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    m201021114

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    ‫‪Distillation‬‬

    ‫حضرة الدكتور‪:‬عمار‬
    ‫مسعود‬
    2
    *Introduction
    Distillation:
    Description
    Distillation is a technique that aims to separate chemicals from each other, depending on their
    different boiling points, so we get a dropper on one side and scum on the other. The water distillation
    process consists in evaporating a heterogeneous mixture of water and a natural substance, followed
    by condensation of the vapor by cooling it to obtain flavors or essences.

    Discussion:
    When I heat a substance in the distillation flask with a slight flame, the liquid vapor pressure (which is
    the ability of the molecules to escape from the surface of the liquid) will increase until it is equal to the
    external pressure and by continuing to heat it creates sufficient heating temperature to divert the
    distillation and when we heat the neck of the beaker the vapors go out through the side opening of the
    distillation flask. Then it passes through the condenser to the material collection vessel and the
    distillation continues, where it is at the rate of one or two drops every second.

    And when performing the distillation process, the following points must be observed:
    1 Boiling chips should be used to obtain regular boiling because boiling stone is a ceramic containing
    small pores. When the liquid boils with large bubbles, the bubble enters the pores and turns into small
    bubbles, and if the stone is not added, the boiling point of the liquid rises to above The boiling point of
    supper heating, which leads to a sudden swirling and the discharge of the liquid into a condensate and
    its loss.
    2 Do not continue the distillation process until the liquid material has completely dried (stop heating
    before the material is completely dry)
    3 The cooling in the condenser with water is if the boiling point of the liquid to be distilled is less than
    140 ° C, and in the case of the higher boiling point, the cooling is by air
    4 The heating is by a hot water bath in the case of liquids with low boiling points such as ether or
    carbon disulfide, alcohol and others. If the boiling points of the liquids are such as: ccl4, ethylene,
    nitrobenzene and other flammable materials, the heating shall be direct.

    3
    4
    The goal of the experiment:
    The technique of separating the
    types of chemicals used in each
    other is from one another.

    1-There is a 63 difference in boiling points between heptane and pentan What is this method to
    separate ?

    A/ 1-we will use the simple method to separate them becouse the difference in the boiling points
    more than 50c’

    2-Why does slow distillation result in better separation of two liquids than fast distillation ?

    A/ It's better to separate two liquids by a slow distillation because it actually separates them.
    A fast, hard boil will cause the distillate to be contaminated and it won't be very pure. If you
    go slow, it gives the liquids a chance to separate.

    3-What are the purpose of using the following tools: Thermometer ,Boiling chips , condenser?

    A/ Thermometer :this ensures that the thermometer measures the boiling point of the substance that
    is being distilled

    Boiling Chips:To ensure smooth boiling

    Condenser:To condens the water vapour

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