Propulsion Homework

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Propulsion problem 1 (from nov 2013 exam)

Please find below some relevant data for the Boeing 747 airliner:

Number of engines: 4
Wing surface: S = 511 m2
Diameter of engine inlet: d = 2.38 m
Oswald efficiency: e = 0.70
Span: b = 60 m
Mass/Weight: m = 350000 kg
Cruise altitude: h = 35000 ft (1 ft = 0.3048 m)
Cruise speed: VTAS = 480 kts (1 kts = 0.514444 m/s)
CL2
CD  CD 0 
Zero-lift drag coefficient: CD0 = 0.022  Ae
For the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) 7please use:
g0
Gravity acceleration: = 9.80665 m/s2 
p1  T1 
g aR
Gas constant for air: R = 287.00 J/ kgK  
Sea-level pressure: p0 = 101325 Pa p0  T0 
Sea-level temperature: T0 = 15 deg Celsius

Sea-level density: ρo = 1.225 kg/m3

For h<= 11 km Temperature gradient: a = - 6.50 K/km


For 11 km <= h <= 20 km: isothermal layer

a) Calculate the air density at FL350 to show that it equals 0.3796 kg/m3 (no ISA
derivation, just the calculation is demanded)

b) Calculate the required available power per engine for the cruise at the given cruise
speed and altitude.

c) Calculate the mass flow in one engine for the given cruise altitude and cruise speed

d) Calculate the jet exhaust speed for the given cruise altitude and cruise speed

The propulsive efficiency of a jet engine is defined as:

Power available for thrust


 jet 
Change in kinetic energy of jet for the mass flow

e) Calculate the propulsive efficiency of the jet engine of the 747 for this cruise flight
Propulsion problem 2 Forces on the Airbus 380-800 (nov 2014)

On the nice Flightradar24 app, we see an A380-800 approach London:

Altitude: FL130
Vertical speed: 0 fpm
True Airspeed: 297 kts TAS (constant, ignore wind so ground speed = true airspeed)

Based on the flight information, we estimate the weight to be:

Aircraft weight(mass) : 370 000 kg Constants: International Standard Atmosphere


g  9.80665 m Sea level:
We also know of the A380-800: s2 p0  101325.0 Pa
R  287.00 J T0  15 oC  288.15 K
Wing area : 845 m 2 kgK
Wing span : 79.75 m   1.40 (for air) Lapse rate:
g0
Oswald efficiency factor : 0.900 0  h  11 km 
1 kts  0.514444 m
Zero-lift drag coefficient : 0.0133 s 11  h  20 km p1  T1  aR
 
1 ft  0.3048 m
Number of engines :4 20  h  32 km p0  T0 
Inlet diameter of engine : 2.95 m 2 32  h  47 km
CL
Bypass ratio: : 8.7 : 1 CD  CD 0 
Max thrust per engine : 310 kN  Ae

a) Calculate the air density and the speed of sound at the given altitude

b) Calculate the Equivalent Airspeed (EAS) in knots (kts) and calculate the Mach number

c) Calculate the lift coefficient CL and the drag coefficient CD

d) Calculate the thrust force per engine

e) Calculate the mass flow per engine and the average exhaust speed Vj

2
 jet 
Vj
1
V0
f) Using the equation for thrust force, deduce the above formula for the jet efficiency
and calculate the jet efficiency

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