Slope – Deflection Equations

DISPLACEMENT METHOD OF ANALYSIS: i P

w
Cj
j k

SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATIONS

! General Case settlement = ∆j
! Stiffness Coefficients
! Stiffness Coefficients Derivation
! Fixed-End Moments
! Pin-Supported End Span i P j
Mij w Mji
! Typical Problems
! Analysis of Beams θi
! Analysis of Frames: No Sidesway
ψ θj
! Analysis of Frames: Sidesway

1 2

Degrees of Freedom Stiffness

M kAA kBA
θΑ 1

A B 1 DOF: θΑ A B
L L

4 EI
P k AA =
θΑ L
A
B
C
2 DOF: θΑ , θΒ 2 EI
θΒ k BA =
L

3 4
 Fixed-End Forces
Fixed-End Moments: Loads

kAB kBB P

PL L/2 L/2 PL
A 1 B
8 8
L L

4 EI P P
k BB =
L 2 2

2 EI w
k AB =
L wL2 wL2
12 12
L
wL wL
2 2

5 6

General Case i P j
i P j k Mij w
w Mji
Cj
θi
L settlement = ∆j
ψ θj
settlement = ∆j
4 EI 2 EI 2 EI 4 EI
θi + θj = M Mji = θi + θj
L L ij
L L
θj
i P j θi
Mij w Mji
+
θi (MFij)∆ (MFji)∆

ψ θj
settlement = ∆j
+
P
w
(MFij)Load (MFji)Load

4 EI 2 EI 2 EI 4 EI
7 M ij = ( )θ i + ( )θ j + ( M F ij ) ∆ + ( M F ij ) Load , M ji = ( )θ i + ( )θ j + ( M F ji ) ∆ + ( M F ji ) Load 8
L L L L
Equilibrium Equations Stiffness Coefficients

i P j k
w Mij i j Mji
Cj
L
θj
θi

Mji Cj M
jk 4 EI
kii = 2 EI
L k ji = ×θ i
Mji Mjk L
1
j
+
2 EI
kij = 4 EI
L k jj = ×θ j
+ ΣM j = 0 : − M ji − M jk + C j = 0 L
1

9 10

Matrix Formulation P
i w j
Mij
Mji
θi [ M ] = [ K ][θ ] + [ FEM ]
4 EI 2 EI L
M ij = ( )θ i + ( )θ j + ( M F ij ) ([ M ] − [ FEM ]) = [ K ][θ ]
L L ψ θj ∆j
2 EI 4 EI [θ ] = [ K ]−1[ M ] − [ FEM ]
M ji = ( )θ i + ( )θ j + ( M F ji )
L L Mij Mji
θj
 M ij  (4 EI / L) ( 2 EI / L) θ iI   M ij F  θi
M  =    + F
 ji  (2 EI / L) ( 4 EI / L) θ j   M ji  Fixed-end moment
+ Stiffness matrix matrix
(MFij)∆ (MFji)∆

 kii kij  [D] = [K]-1([Q] - [FEM])

[k ] = 
k ji k jj 
+
P Displacement Force matrix
Stiffness Matrix (MFij)Load w (MFji)Load matrix

11 12
Stiffness Coefficients Derivation: Fixed-End Support Stiffness Coefficients Derivation: Pinned-End Support
Mi θi Mj Mi
θi
Real beam Real beam
i j i j
θj
L L
Mi + M j Mi + M j Mi Mi
L L L L
L/3 M jL Mj 2L
2 EI 3
EI Conjugate beam
Conjugate beam
Mi
Mi EI MiL
EI MiL θi 2 EI θj
θι 2 EI
M i L 2L MiL ML
M j L 2L From (1) and (2); + ΣM ' j = 0 : ( )( ) − θ i L = 0 + ↑ ΣFy = 0 : ( ) − ( i ) +θ j = 0
ML L 2 EI 3 3EI 2 EI
+ ΣM 'i = 0 : − ( i )( ) + ( )( ) = 0
2 EI 3 2 EI 3 4 EI ML
Mi = ( )θ i θi = ( i ) − MiL
M i = 2 M j − − − (1) L 3EI θj =( )
6 EI
2 EI
MiL M L Mj =( )θ i MiL 3EI
+ ↑ ΣFy = 0 : θ i − ( ) + ( j ) = 0 − − − (2) L θi = 1 = ( ) → Mi =
2 EI 2 EI 13 3EI L 14

Fixed end moment : Point Load

P Real beam Conjugate beam P
A B
PL PL
A L B 8 L 8
M M P P
M P/2
EI EI 2 2

M P/2
ML PL/8
EI
M 2 EI
-PL/8 -PL/8
M
ML EI -
P 2 EI
-PL/8 -PL/16
PL2 PL PL2
16 EI 4 EI 16 EI -
-PL/16
-PL/8
PL/4 − PL − PL PL PL
ML ML 2 PL2 PL + + =
+ ↑ ΣFy = 0 : − − + = 0, M = + 16 16 4 8
2 EI 2 EI 16 EI 8 15 16
 Uniform load Settlements
M
Real beam Conjugate beam Mi = Mj Real beam Mj Conjugate beam
w EI
L
A B A B
A L B
Mi + M j ∆ ∆
M M M
L Mi + M j
M EI EI M EI
L

M M
EI ML EI ML
ML
M 2 EI 2 EI M
2 EI
M EI
M
ML EI
2 EI
wL2 ∆
wL3 wL3
w 24 EI 8 EI 24 EI
ML L ML 2 L
+ ΣM B = 0 : − ∆ − ( )( ) + ( )( ) = 0,
2 EI 3 2 EI 3
ML ML 2 wL3 wL2 6 EI∆
+ ↑ ΣFy = 0 : − − + = 0, M = M=
2 EI 2 EI 24 EI 12 17 L2 18

Pin-Supported End Span: Simple Case Pin-Supported End Span: With End Couple and Settlement
P w P w
MA
B B
A A
L L ∆
2 EI 4 EI 2 EI 4 EI
4 EI 2 EI θA + θB 4 EI 2 EI θA + θB
θA + θB L L θA + θB L L
L L L L
θA θA
θB θB
A + B A P B
w
P (MF (MF BA)load
w AB)load

(FEM)AB (FEM)BA
A B
(MF AB)∆ B (MF BA) ∆
A B A
M AB = 0 = (4 EI / L)θ A + (2 EI / L)θ B + ( FEM ) AB − − − (1)
4 EI 2 EI
M BA = 0 = (2 EI / L)θ A + (4 EI / L)θ B + ( FEM ) BA − − − ( 2) M AB = M A = θA + θ B + ( M AB
F
) load + ( M AB
F
) ∆ − − − (1)
L L
2(2) − (1) : 2 M BA = (6 EI / L)θ B + 2( FEM ) BA − ( FEM ) BA M BA =
2 EI
θA +
4 EI
θ B + ( M BA
F
)load + ( M BA
F
) ∆ − − − (2)
L L
( FEM ) BA 2(2) − (1) 3EI 1 1 M
M BA = (3EI / L)θ B + ( FEM ) BA − E lim inate θ A by : M BA = θ B + [( M BA
F
)load − ( M AB F
)load ] + ( M BA
F
)∆ + A
2 19 2 L 2 2 2 20
Fixed-End Moments Typical Problem CB P2
P1 w
Fixed-End Moments: Loads
A C
P
B
PL L/2 L/2 PL L1 L2
8 8

wL2
PL P PL w wL2
P 12
8 8 12
L/2 L/2 PL 1 PL 3PL
+ ( )[−(− )] = L L
8 2 8 16
0
4 EI 2 EI PL
M AB = θA + θB + 0 + 1 1
L1 L1 8
0 EI
2 EI 4 P1 L1
wL2 wL2 M BA = θA + θB + 0 −
L1 L1 8
12 12
0 2
4 EI 2 EI P L wL
M BC = θB + θC + 0 + 2 2 + 2
L2 L2 8 12
0 2
wL2 1 wL2 wL2 2 EI 4 EI − P L wL
+ ( )[−( − )] = M CB = θB + θC + 0 + 2 2 − 2
12 2 12 8 L2 L2 8 12
21 22

CB P2 CB P2
P1 w P1 w
MBA
MAB
A C A C M
CB
B B MBC
L1 L2 L1 L2

MBA CB M
BC
Substitute θB in MAB, MBA, MBC, MCB

0
4 EI 2 EI PL
B M AB = θA + θB + 0 + 1 1
L1 L1 8
0
2 EI 4 EI PL
2 EI 4 EI PL M BA = θA + θB + 0 − 1 1
M BA = θA + θB + 0 − 1 1 L1 L1 8
L1 L1 8
0 2
2 4 EI 2 EI P L wL
4 EI 2 EI P L wL M BC = θB + θC + 0 + 2 2 + 2
M BC = θB + θC + 0 + 2 2 + 2 L2 L2 8 12
L2 L2 8 12
0 2
2 EI 4 EI − P L wL
M CB = θB + θC + 0 + 2 2 − 2
+ ΣM B = 0 : C B − M BA − M BC = 0 → Solve for θ B L2 L2 8 12

23 24
 CB P2
P1 w
MBA Example of Beams
MAB
MCB
A MBC C
Ay B Cy
L1 L2
By = ByL + ByR

B C
P1 P2
MBA MCB
MAB A B MBC

Ay ByL ByR Cy
L1 L2

25 26

10 kN 6 kN/m
Example 1
A C
Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and qualitative
4m 4m B 6m
deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.
PL P wL2 wL2
8 PL w
8 30 20
FEM
10 kN 6 kN/m MBA MBC
[M] = [K][Q] + [FEM]
A C
B
0
4m 4m B 6m 4 EI 2 EI (10)(8) + ΣM B = 0 : − M BA − M BC = 0
M AB = θA + θB +
8 8 8
0 4 EI 4 EI (6)(6 2 )
2 EI 4 EI (10)(8) ( + )θ B − 10 + =0
M BA = θA + θB − 8 6 30
8 8 8
2.4
0 θB =
4 EI 2 EI (6)(6 2 ) EI
M BC = θB + θC +
6 6 30 Substitute θB in the moment equations:
0 MAB = 10.6 kN•m, MBC = 8.8 kN•m
2 EI 4 EI (6)(6) 2
M CB = θB + θC −
6 6 20 MBA = - 8.8 kN•m, MCB = -10 kN•m 28
27
 10 kN 6 kN/m 10 kN 6 kN/m
8.8 kN•m
10.6 kN•m 10.6 kN•m 10 kN•m
A C 10 kN•m A C
8.8 kN•m
4m 4m B 6m 5.23 kN 4m 4m B 6m 12.2 kN

MAB = 10.6 kN•m, MBC = 8.8 kN•m 4.78 + 5.8 = 10.58 kN

MBA = - 8.8 kN•m, MCB= -10 kN•m 5.8

2m 5.23
V (kN)
10 kN 18 kN + + x (m)
6 kN/m -
-
A B 8.8 kN•m B - 4.78
10.6 kN•m
10 kN•m
10.3 -12.2
8.8 kN•m
M
Ay = 5.23 kN ByL = 4.78 kN ByR = 5.8 kN Cy = 12.2 kN (kN•m) + x (m)
- - -
-10.6 -8.8 -10
2.4
θB =
EI
Deflected shape x (m)
29 30

10 kN 6 kN/m
Example 2
A C
Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and qualitative
4m 4m B 6m
deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.
PL P wL2 wL2
8 PL w
10 kN 6 kN/m 8 30 20
FEM
A C 10
[M] = [K][Q] + [FEM]
4m 4m B 6m 0 4 EI 2 EI (10)(8)
M AB = θA + θB + − − − (1)
8 8 8 10
2 EI 4 EI (10)(8)
M BA = θA + θB − − − − (2)
8 8 8
4 EI 2 EI 0 (6)(6 2 )
M BC = θB + θC + − − − (3)
6 6 30
2 EI 4 EI 0 (6)(6) 2
M CB = θB + θC − − − − (4)
6 6 20
6 EI
2(2) − (1) : 2 M BA = θ B − 30
8
3EI
M BA = θ B − 15 − − − (5)
31 8 32
 10 kN 6 kN/m
12.19 kN•m
MBA MBC
A C 8.30 kN•m
12.19 kN•m
B 4m 4m B 6m
4 EI (6)(6 )2 Substitute θA and θB in (5), (3) and (4):
M BC = θB + − − − (3)
6 30
MBA = - 12.19 kN•m MBA = - 12.19 kN•m, MBC = 12.19 kN•m, MCB = - 8.30 kN•m
2 EI (6)(6) 2
M CB = θB − − − − (4)
6 20 MBC = 12.19 kN•m 2m
3EI
M BA = θ B − 15 − − − (5) MCB = - 8.30 kN•m 10 kN
8 18 kN
+ ΣM B = 0 : − M BA − M BC = 0 6 kN/m
B
A B 12.19 kN•m
C
8.30 kN•m
3EI 4 EI (6)(6 2 )
( + )θ B − 15 + = 0 − − − (6 ) 12.19 kN•m
8 6 30
7.488 Ay = 3.48 kN ByL = 6.52 kN ByR = 6.65 kN Cy = 11.35 kN
θB =
EI
4 EI 2 EI
Substitute θ B in (1) : 0 = θA + θ B − 10
8 8
− 23.74
θA =
EI 33 34

10 kN 6 kN/m
Example 3
A C
Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and qualitative
3.48 kN 4m 4m B 6m 11.35 kN deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.

6.52 + 6.65 = 13.17 kN

6.65
V (kN) 3.48 10 kN 4 kN/m
x (m)
A C
2EI 3EI
- 6.52 B
-11.35
14 4m 4m 6m
M
(kN•m) x (m)
-8.3
-12.2 7.49
θB =
EI
Deflected shape x (m)
− 23.74
θA = 35 36
EI
 10 kN 4 kN/m 10 kN 4 kN/m

A C A C
2EI 3EI 2EI 3EI
(10)(8)/8 (10)(8)/8 B (4)(62)/12 (4)(62)/12 (3/2)(10)(8)/8 B (4)(62)/12 (4)(62)/12
4m 4m 6m 4m 4m 6m

15
10 3(2 EI ) (3 / 2)(10)(8)
0 M BA = θB − − − − ( 2a )
4(2 EI ) 2(2 EI ) (10)(8) 8 8
M AB = θA + θB + − − − (1) 12
8 8 8 10
4(3EI ) (4)(6 2 )
2(2 EI ) 4(2 EI ) (10)(8) M BC = θB + − − − (3)
M BA = θA + θB − − − − (2) 6 12
8 8 15 8
2(2) − (1) 3(2 EI ) (3 / 2)(10)(8) − M BA − M BC = 0 : 2.75EIθ B = −12 + 15 = 3
: M BA = θB − − − − ( 2a ) θ B = 1.091 / EI
2 8 8
12
4(3EI ) (4)(6 2 ) 3(2 EI ) 1.091
M BC = θB + − − − (3) M BA = ( ) − 15 = −14.18 kN • m
6 12 8 EI
4(3EI ) 1.091
M BC = ( ) − 12 = 14.18 kN • m
6 EI
2(3EI )
M CB = θ B − 12 = −10.91 kN • m
37 6 38

10 kN 4 kN/m 10 kN 4 kN/m

A C 10.91 A C 10.91 kN•m

2EI 14.18 14.18 3EI 2EI 3EI
B 3.23 kN B
4m 4m 6m 4m 4m 6m 11.46 kN

MBA = - 14.18 kN•m, MBC = 14.18 kN•m, MCB = -10.91 kN•m 6.77 + 12.55 = 19.32 kN
12.55
V (kN) 3.23 2.86
+ + x (m)
10 kN 24 kN - -
4 kN/m -6.73 -11.46
A B 14.18 kN•m
12.91
140.18 kN•m 10.91 kN•m
M 5.53
C +
(kN•m) + x (m)
Ay = 3.23 kN ByL = 6.73 kN ByR = 12.55 kN Cy = 11.46 kN - -
-10.91
-14.18
θB = 1.091/EI
Deflected shape x (m)

39 40
 10 kN 12 kN•m 4 kN/m
Example 4
A C
2EI 3EI
Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and qualitative 1.5PL/8 = 15 B wL2/12 = 12 wL2/12 = 12
deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.
4m 4m 6m

3(2 EI ) 0 -3.273/EI
M BA = θ B − 15 − − − (1) 4(2 EI ) 2(3EI ) (10)(8)
8 M AB = θA + θB +
4(3EI ) 8 8 8
10 kN 12 kN•m 4 kN/m M BC = θ B + 12 − − − (2) 7.21
6 θA = −
EI
A C 2(3EI )
M CB = θ B − 12 − − − (3) 3.273
2EI 3EI 6 M BA = 0.75 EI ( − ) − 15 = −17.45 kN • m
B 12 kN•m EI
MBA MBA 3.273
4m 4m 6m M BC = 2 EI (− ) + 12 = 5.45 kN • m
EI
B MBC MBC 3.273
M CB = EI (− ) − 12 = −15.27 kN • m
EI
Jo int B : − M BA − M BC − 12 = 0

− (0.75 EI − 15) − (2 EIθ B + 12) − 12 = 0

3.273
41 θB = − 42
EI

10 kN 12 kN•m 4 kN/m
3.273
M BA = 0.75EI ( − ) − 15 = −17.45 kN • m C 15.27 kN•m
EI A
2EI 3EI
3.273 B 7.21
M BC = 2 EI (− ) + 12 = 5.45 kN • m 2.82 kN 13.64 kN θ A = −
EI 17.54 kN EI
4m 4m 6m
3.273 3.273
M CB = EI ( − ) − 12 = −15.27 kN • m θB = −
EI EI
10.36

10 kN 24 kN V (kN) 2.82
+ + 3.41 m x (m)
4 kN/m
- -
A B 5.45 kN•m
17.45 kN•m -7.18
15.27 kN•m -13.64
C 11.28 7.98
2.82 kN 7.18 kN 10.36 kN 13.64 kN M
(kN•m) + + x (m)
- -5.45 -
10 kN 12 kN•m 4 kN/m -17.45 -15.27

A C 15.27 kN•m Deflected shape x (m)

B − 7.21 3.273
2.82 kN 13.64 kN θA = θB =
17.54 kN EI EI
43 44
 10 kN 6 kN/m
12 kN•m
Example 5 B
A C
Draw the quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and qualitative 2EI 3EI
deflected curve for the beam shown. Support B settles 10 mm, and EI is
constant. Take E = 200 GPa, I = 200x106 mm4. 10 mm 6 EI∆
4m 4m 6m
6 EI∆ A L2
L2 6 EI∆ 6 EI∆
∆ L2 L2
10 kN ∆
12 kN•m 6 kN/m C
[FEM]∆
B B wL2 B wL2
C PL P PL w
A
8 8 30 30
2EI 3EI
[FEM]load
10 mm
4m 4m 6m -12
4(2 EI ) 2(2 EI ) 6(2 EI )(0.01) (10)(8)
M AB = θA + θB + + − − − (1)
8 8 82 8
2(2 EI ) 4(2 EI ) 6(2 EI )(0.01) (10)(8)
M BA = θA + θB + − − − − ( 2)
8 8 82 8
0 2
4(3EI ) 2(3EI ) 6(3EI )(0.01) (6)(6 )
M BC = θB + θC − + − − − (3)
6 6 0 62 30
2(3EI ) 4(3EI ) 6(3EI )(0.01) (6)(6) 2
M CB = θB + θC − − − − − (4)
45 6 6 62 30 46

10 kN 6 kN/m 10 kN 6 kN/m
12 kN•m 12 kN•m
B B
A C A C
2EI 3EI 2EI 3EI
10 mm 10 mm
4m 4m 6m 4m 4m 6m

4(2 EI ) 2(2 EI ) 6(2 EI )(0.01) (10)(8) MBA = (3/4)(2EI)θB + 16.5

M AB = θA + θB + + − − − (1)
8 8 82 8
2(2 EI ) 4(2 EI ) 6(2 EI )(0.01) (10)(8)
MBC = (4/6)(3EI)θB - 192.8
M BA = θA + θB + − − − − ( 2)
8 8 82 8 + ΣMB = 0: - MBA - MBC = 0 (3/4 + 2)EIθB + 16.5 - 192.8 = 0
Substitute EI = (200x106 kPa)(200x10-6 m4) = 200x200 kN• m2 :
MBA MBC θB = 64.109/ EI
4(2 EI ) 2(2 EI ) Substitute θB in (1): θA = -129.06/EI
M AB = θA + θ B + 75 + 10 − − − (1)
8 8 B
2(2 EI ) 4(2 EI ) Substitute θA and θB in (5), (3), (4):
M BA = θA + θ B + 75 − 10 − − − (2)
8 8 MBA = 64.58 kN•m,
16.5
2(2) − (1) 3(2 EI ) MBC = -64.58 kN•m
: M BA = θ B + 75 − (75 / 2) − 10 − (10 / 2) − 12 / 2 − − − (2a )
2 8 MCB = -146.69 kN•m
47 48
 10 kN 6 kN/m
10 kN 12 kN•m
12 kN•m 6 kN/m
B A C 146.69 kN•m
C 146.69 kN•m
A 2EI 3EI
64.58 kN•m 64.58 kN•m 11.57 kN B
4m 6m 47.21 kN
4m
4m 4m 6m θA = -129.06/EI
1.57 + 29.21 = 30.78 kN θB = 64.109/ EI
MBA = 64.58 kN•m, V (kN) 11.57
1.57
+ x (m)
MBC = -64.58 kN•m
-
MCB = -146.69 kN•m 2m -29.21
-47.21
10 kN 18 kN 58.29 64.58
12 kN•m 12
64.58 kN•m 6 kN/m M
64.58 kN•m + x (m)
A B (kN•m)
146.69 kN•m
-
B C

Ay = 11.57 kN ByL = -1.57 kN ByR = -29.21 kN Cy = 47.21 kN -146.69

Deflected shape x (m)
10 mm
49 θA = -129.06/EI θB = 64.109/ EI 50

12 kN•m
6 kN/m
Example 6
B A
For the beam shown, support A settles 10 mm downward, use the slope-deflection 2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
method to 3m 3m
(a)Determine all the slopes at supports
(b)Determine all the reactions at supports 6 kN/m
6(32 )
(c)Draw its quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and qualitative = 4.5 4.5
12
deflected shape. (3 points) C MFw A
Take E= 200 GPa, I = 50(106) mm4. 6(1.5 × 200 × 50)(0.01) C
32
0.01 m
= 100 kN • m 100 kN • m
MF∆
12 kN•m A
6 kN/m
4(2 EI )
M CB = θC − − − (1)
B A 3
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm 4(1.5EI ) 2(1.5 EI )
M CA = θC + θ A + 4.5 + 100 − − − (2)
3m 3m 3 3
12
2(1.5EI ) 4(1.5 EI )
M AC = θC + θ A − 4.5 + 100 − − − (3)
3 3
2(2) − (2) 3(1.5EI ) 3(4.5) 100 12
: M CA = θC + + + − − − ( 2a )
51 2 3 2 2 2 52
 12 kN•m 12 kN•m
6 kN/m 6 kN/m
B B
A A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm 2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m 3m 3m

4(2 EI ) − 15.06 − 34.22

M CB = θ C − − − (1) θC = = −0.0015 rad θ A = = −0.0034 rad
3 EI EI
3(1.5 EI ) 3(4.5) 100 12 2(2 EI ) 2( 2 EI ) − 15.06
M CA = θC + + + − − − ( 2a ) M BC = θC = ( ) = −20.08 kN • m
3 2 2 2 3 3 EI
• Equilibrium equation: 4(2 EI ) 4(2 EI ) − 15.06
MCB MCA M CB = θC = ( ) = −40.16 kN • m
3 3 EI
M CB + M CA = 0
20.08 kN•m 40.16 kN•m
(8 + 4.5) EI 3(4.5) 100 12
C θC + + + =0 B C
3 2 2 2
40.16 + 20.08
− 15.06 20.08 kN = 20.08 kN
θC = = −0.0015 rad 3
EI 18 kN
12 kN•m
Substitute θC in eq.(3) 2(1.5 EI ) − 15.06 4(1.5 EI )
12 = ( )+ θ A − 4.5 + 100 − − − (3) 6 kN/m
3 EI 3
− 34.22 40.16 kN•m
θA = = −0.0034 rad C A
8.39 kN
EI 53 26.39 kN 54

12 kN•m
6 kN/m
Example 7
θ C = −0.0015 rad B
A
C 1.5EI 10 mm
θ A = −0.0034 rad 2EI For the beam shown, support A settles 10 mm downward, use the
3m 3m slope-deflection method to
20.08 kN•m 40.16 kN•m (a)Determine all the slopes at supports
B C (b)Determine all the reactions at supports
12 kN•m (c)Draw its quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and qualitative
20.08 kN 20.08 kN
6 kN/m deflected shape.
Take E= 200 GPa, I = 50(106) mm4.
40.16 kN•m
C A
26.39 kN 8.39 kN
V (kN) 26.39 12 kN•m
8.39 6 kN/m
+ x (m)
- B
A
C 1.5EI 10 mm
M (kN•m) -20.08 2EI
20.08 12 3m 3m
x (m)

-40.16
Deflected shape θ C = 0.0015 rad
x (m)
θ A = 0.0034 rad 55 56
 12 kN•m 12 kN•m
6 kN/m 6 kN/m
B B
A A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm 2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m 3m 3m
C EI∆ C C • Equilibrium equation: 18 kN
12 kN•m
B ∆C ∆C 6(1.5 EI ) ∆ C 6 kN/m
4 EI∆ C = EI∆ C
3 6 kN/m A 32 MBC MCB MCA
6( 2 EI )∆ C 4 EI∆ C C A
= 2
6(3 )
B C
Ay
32 3 4.5 = 4.5
C 12 By M BC + M CB M CA + 12 + 18(1.5) M CA + 39
A (C y ) CB = −( ) (C y ) CA = =
100 C 3 3 3
2(2 EI ) 4 EI 6(1.5 × 200 × 50)(0.01)
M BC = θC − ∆C − − − (1) 0.01 m MCB MCA
3 3 32 ΣM C = 0 : M CB + M CA = 0 − − − (1*)
4(2 EI ) 4 EI A = 100 kN • m
M CB = θC − ∆C − − − (2) ΣC y = 0 : (C y ) CB + (C y ) CA = 0 − − − (2*)
3 3 C
4(1.5 EI ) 2(1.5EI ) (Cy)CB (Cy)CA
M CA = θC + θ A + EI∆ C + 4.5 + 100 − −(3)
3 3
12 Substitute in (1*) 4.167 EIθ C − 0.8333EI∆ C = −62.15 − − − (5)
2(1.5 EI ) 4(1.5 EI )
M AC = θC + θ A + EI∆ C − 4.5 + 100 − −(4)
3 3 Substitute in ( 2*) − 2.5 EIθ C + 3.167 EI∆ C = −101.75 − − − (6)
2(3) − (4) 3(1.5 EI ) EI 3(4.5) 100 12
: M CA = θ C + ∆C + + + − − − (3a) 57 From (5) and (6) θ C = −25.51 / EI = −0.00255 rad ∆ C = −52.27 / EI = −5.227 mm 58
2 3 2 2 2 2

12 kN•m 12 kN•m
6 kN/m 6 kN/m
B 35.68 kN•m B
A A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm 2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
12.45 kN 5.55 kN
3m 3m 3m 3m
• Solve equation
− 25.51 Substitute θC and ∆C in (1), (2) and (3a) V (kN) 12.45
θC = = −0.00255 rad θ C = −0.00255 rad 0.925 m
EI +
M BC = 35.68 kN • m x (m)
− 52.27 ∆ C = −5.227 mm
∆C = = −5.227 mm -5.55
EI M CB = 1.67 kN • m
θ A = −0.000286 rad
Substitute θC and ∆C in (4) M CA = −1.67 kN • m M (kN•m) 14.57 12
− 2.86 1.67 +
θA = = −0.000286 rad x (m)
EI -
12 kN•m
6 kN/m
35.68 kN•m B -35.68
A
2EI C 1.5EI Deflected shape ∆ C = 5.227 mm
18(4.5) − 12 − 35.68
B y = 18 − 5.55 Ay =
3m 3m 6 x (m)
= 12.45 kN = 5.55 kN θ C = 0.00255 rad
θ A = 0.000286 rad
59 60
Example of Frame: No Sidesway
Example 6

For the frame shown, use the slope-deflection method to

(a) Determine the end moments of each member and reactions at supports
(b) Draw the quantitative bending moment diagram, and also draw the
qualitative deflected shape of the entire frame.

10 kN 12 kN/m

C
B 2EI
3m
3EI
40 kN

3m
A

1m 6m

61 62

10 kN 36/2 = 18 12 kN/m 10 kN 12 kN/m 20.58

• Equilibrium equations
C C
10 10 -39.3
B 36 2EI 2 B 49.33 2EI -49.33
3m PL/8 = 30 (wL /12 ) =36 MBC 3m 39.33
3EI 3EI MAB = 25.33 kN•m 27.7
40 kN MBA 40 kN

3m 3m MBA = -39.33 kN•m

A PL/8 = 30 10 − M BA − M BC = 0 − − − (1*) A 25.33
MBC = 49.33 kN•m -25.33

1m 6m Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*) 1m 6m Bending moment diagram

10 − 3EIθ B + 30 − 54 = 0 12 kN/m
• Slope-Deflection Equations θB
B C
− 14 − 4.667
2(3EI ) θB = = 49.33
M AB = θ B + 30 − − − (1) (3EI ) EI θB = -4.667/EI
6 θB
B 39.33 27.78 kN
− 4.667
4(3EI ) Substitute θ B = in (1) to (3)
M BA = θ B − 30 − − − (2) EI
6
M AB = 25.33 kN • m 40 kN
3( 2 EI )
M BC = θ B + 36 + 18 − − − (3) M BA = −39.33 kN • m
6 17.67 kN
M BC = 49.33 kN • m A
Deflected curve
63 25.33 64
 25 kN
5 kN/m
PL/8 = 18.75 18.75
Example 7 B E
240(106) mm4 C 180(106)
Draw the quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams and qualitative (wL2/12 ) = 6.667
6.667+ 3.333
deflected curve for the frame shown. E = 200 GPa.
5m
25 kN 120(106) mm4 60(106) mm4
5 kN/m
B E A D
240(106) mm4 C 180(106) 3m 3m 4m
0
4(2 EI ) 2(2 EI )
5m M AB = θA + θB
60(106) mm4 5 5 M BA + M BC = 0
120(106) mm4 0
2(2 EI ) 4(2 EI )
M BA = θA + θB 8 16 8
A D 5 5 ( + ) EIθ B + ( ) EIθ C = −18.75 − − − (1)
5 6 6
4( 4 EI ) 2(4 EI )
3m 3m 4m M BC = θB + θ C + 18.75
6 6 M CB + M CD + M CE = 0
2(4 EI ) 4(4 EI ) 8 16 3 9
M CB = θB + θ C − 18.75 ( ) EIθ B + ( + + ) EIθ C = 8.75 − − − (2)
6 6 6 6 5 4
3( EI )
M CD = θC − 5.29 2.86
5 From (1) and (2) : θ B = θC =
EI EI
3(3EI )
65 M CE = θ C + 10 66
4

Substitute θB = -1.11/EI, θc = -20.59/EI below MAB = -4.23 kN•m, MBA = -8.46 kN•m, MBC = 8.46 kN•m, MCB = -18.18 kN•m,
MCD = 1.72 kN•m, MCE = 16.44 kN•m
20 kN
4(2 EI ) 0 2(2 EI ) MAB = −4.23 kN•m 25 kN
M AB = θA + θB
5 5 16.44 kN•m
0 2.54 kN B 3m 3m C 2.54 kN 2.54-0.34 C E 2.2 kN
2(2 EI ) 4(2 EI ) MBA = −8.46 kN•m
M BA = θA + θB =2.2 kN
5 5 8.46 kN•m 18.18 kN•m
4( 4 EI ) 2(4 EI ) MBC = 8.46 kN•m (25(3)+8.46-18.18)/6 14.12 kN (20(2)+16.44)/4 5.89 kN
M BC = θB + θ C + 18.75 = 14.11 kN
6 6 = 10.88 kN
2(4 EI ) 4(4 EI ) MCB = −18.18 kN•m
M CB = θB + θ C − 18.75 10.88 kN 14.12+14.11=28.23 kN
6 6
8.46 kN•m 1.72 kN•m
3( EI ) MCD = 1.72 kN•m
M CD = θC B B (1.72)/5 = 0.34 kN
5 (8.46 + 4.23)/5
3(3EI ) MCE = 16.44 kN•m = 2.54 kN
M CE = θ C + 10
4 5m 5m

A 2.54 kN A 0.34 kN
4.23 kN•m
10.88 kN 28.23 kN
67 68
 24.18

10.88
14.11 1.29 m 2.33 m Example of Frames: Sidesway
1.18 m +
+ 0.78 m 3.46
+
1.72 +
-2.54 -
2.82 m -8.46 -
- -
-5.89 -8.46 - 1.18 m
- -14.12 -16.44
+
-18.18

1.67m
-2.54 0.34 + Moment diagram
4.23

Shear diagram
1.29 m 2.33 m
0.78 m

θB = −5.29/EI 1.18 m

θC = 2.86/EI
1.67m

Deflected curve 69 70

• Overview
Example 8 C • Unknowns
B
1m
Determine the moments at each joint of the frame and draw the quantitative 10 kN θB and ∆
bending moment diagrams and qualitative deflected curve . The joints at A and
D are fixed and joint C is assumed pin-connected. EI is constant for each member • Boundary Conditions
3m
MDC θA = θD = 0
3m MAB
A Ax D D
B C x • Equilibrium Conditions
1m 3m
10 kN - Joint B
Ay Dy
B
3m MBC
MBA

A D

ΣM B = 0 : M BA + M BC = 0 − − − (1*)

- Entire Frame
+
→ ΣFx = 0 : 10 − Ax − Dx = 0 − − − (2*)
71 72
 ∆ ∆ MAB
(0.375EI∆)∆ Equilibrium Conditions: • Solve equation
B C
1m B C M BA + M BC = 0 − − − (1*)
10 kN (0.375EI∆)∆ 10 kN Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*)
(5.625)load 10 − Ax − Dx = 0 − − − (2*)
2EI θB + 0.375EI ∆ = 5.625 ----(7)
4m 4m
3m Slope-Deflection Equations:
(1/2)(0.375EI∆)∆ Substitute (5) and (6) in (2*)
(1.875)load 2( EI )
(0.375EI∆)∆ A D M AB = θ B + 5.625 + 0.375EI∆ − − − (1) − 0.375EIθ B − 0.235EI∆ = −8.437 − − − (8)
A D Ax Dx 4
(0.375EI∆)∆
3m 4( EI )
M BA = θ B − 5.625 + 0.375EI∆ − − − (2) From (7) and (8) can solve;
MDC 4
• Slope-Deflection Equations MBA − 5.6 44.8
3( EI ) θB = ∆=
M BC = θ B − − − (3) EI EI
5.625 0.375EI∆ 3
2( EI ) 10(3)(12 ) 6 EI∆ + ΣM B = 0 :
M AB = θB + + 2 − − − (1) M DC = 0.1875EI∆ − − − (4) − 5.6 44.8
4 42 4 Substituteθ B = and ∆ = in (1)to (6)
( M AB + M BA ) EI EI
5.625 0.375EI∆ Ax =
4( EI ) 10(32 )(1) 6 EI∆ 4
M BA = θB − + 2 − − − (2) Ax = 0.375EIθ B + 0.1875EI∆ + 1.563 − − − (5)
Horizontal reaction at supports: MAB = 15.88 kN•m
4 42 4
Ax = 0.375EIθ B + 0.1875EI∆ + 1.563 − − − (5) MBA = 5.6 kN•m
3( EI ) MBC = -5.6 kN•m
M BC = θB − − − (3)
3 + ΣM C = 0 : Dx = 0.0468EI∆ − − − (6) MDC = 8.42 kN•m
1 Ax = 7.9 kN
M DC = 0.375EI∆ − 0.375EI∆ = 0.1875EI∆ − − − (4) M DC
2 Dx = = 0.0468EI∆ − − − (6) Dx = 2.1 kN
4 73 74

C Example 9
B
1m MAB = 15.88 kN•m, MBA = 5.6 kN•m,
10 kN From the frame shown use the slope-deflection method to:
5.6 MBC = -5.6 kN•m, MDC = 8.42 kN•m,
(a) Determine the end moments of each member and reactions at supports
Ax = 7.9 kN, Dx = 2.1 kN,
(b) Draw the quantitative bending moment diagram, and also draw the
3m qualitative deflected shape of the entire frame.
15.88 8.42
A 7.9 kN D 2.1 kN B C pin
3m 2 EI
10 kN
EI 2.5 EI 4m
5.6 ∆ = 44.8/EI ∆ = 44.8/EI
2m
5.6 C C
B B A D
7.8 θB = -5.6/EI
4m 3m

A 15.88 D A D
8.42
Bending moment diagram Deflected curve 75 76
 • Overview • Slope-Deflection Equation
C´ C´
B ∆ 2EI ∆ CD • Unknowns B ∆ ∆ CD = ∆ / cos 36.87° = 1.25 ∆
∆BC 5 ∆BC
C´
B´ C ∆ θB and ∆ B´ 2EI C ∆ ∆CD
10 kN 10 kN 36.87° ∆BC = ∆ tan 36.87° = 0.75 ∆
EI 2.5EI 4m EI 2.5EI 4m 36.87°
MDC • Boundary Conditions C
2m MAB 2m PL/8 = 5 ∆
D
A Ax Dx θA = θD = 0 A
D 4m 3m 2( EI )
Ay Dy M AB = θ B + 0.375EI∆ + 5 − − − (1)
4m 3m • Equilibrium Conditions 0.375EI∆ 4
(6)(2.5EI)(1.25∆)/(5)2 = 0.75EI∆
4( EI )
- Joint B B C´ M BA = θ B + 0.375EI∆ − 5 − − − (2)
4
B ∆´ ∆CD= 1.25 ∆
B´ C 3(2 EI )
M BC = θ B − 0.2813EI∆ − − − (3)
4
MBA MBC
M DC = 0.375EI∆ − − − (4)
A
D
0.75EI∆ (1/2) 0.75EI∆
ΣM B = 0 : M BA + M BC = 0 − − − (1*) 6EI∆/(4) 2 = 0.375EI∆
C´ (6)(2EI)(0.75∆)/(4) 2 = 0.5625EI∆
- Entire Frame 0.5625EI∆
B ∆BC= 0.75 ∆
+
→ ΣFx = 0 : 10 − Ax − Dx = 0 − − − (2*) B´ C
(1/2) 0.5625EI∆
77 78

• Horizontal reactions
Equilibrium Conditions: • Solve equations
B 2 EI pin
M BA + M BC = 0 − − − (1*) Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*)
C
10 kN 10 − Ax − Dx = 0 − − − (2*)
4m 2.5EIθ B + 0.0938 EI∆ − 5 = 0 − − − (7)
EI 2.5 EI
2m
Slope-Deflection Equation: Substitute (5) and (6) in (2*)
A D 2( EI ) 6 EI∆ 0.0938EIθ B + 0.334EI∆ − 5 = 0 − − − (8)
M AB = θB + 5 + 2 − − − (1)
4m 3m 4 4
4( EI ) 6 EI∆ From (7) and (8) can solve;
MBC M BA = θB −5 + 2 − − − (2)
B C 4 4 1.45 − 14.56
MBA 3(2 EI ) 3(2 EI )(0.75∆) θB = ∆=
M BC = θB − − − − (3) EI EI
MBC 4 42
B 1.45 − 14.56
MBC 4
10 kN 3(2.5EI )(1.25∆) Substituteθ B = and ∆ = in (1)to (6)
4 M DC = 2
− − − (4) EI EI
5
C
Horizontal reactions at supports: MAB = 15.88 kN•m
A Ax = (MBA+ MAB-20)/4 -----(5) MBA = 5.6 kN•m
( M BA + M AB − 20)
Ax = − − − (5) MBC = -5.6 kN•m
MAB Dx= (MDC-(3/4)MBC)/4 ---(6) 4
MDC = 8.42 kN•m
D 3
MDC M DC − M BC Ax = 7.9 kN
Dx = 4 − − − (6) Dx = 2.1 kN
MBC/4 79 4 80
 1.91 MAB = 11.19 kN•m
B 2 EI pin Example 10
MBA = 1.91 kN•m
1.91
C MBC = -1.91 kN•m From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
10 kN
4m MDC = 5.46 kN•m (a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
EI 2.5 EI
2m 5.46 Ax = 8.28 kN•m (b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams, and
11.19 kN•m qualitative deflected curve.
A 8.27 kN 1.73 Dx = 1.72 kN•m
D
0.478 kN 0.478 kN
4m 3m 20 kN/m 3m
∆ ∆ B pin
1.91 θB=1.45/EI C
B B 3EI
1.91 C C
3m 2EI
5.35 θB=1.45/EI 4m
4EI
5.46
A 11.19 A
D D
A
Bending-moment diagram Deflected shape D

81 82

• Overview • Slope-Deflection Equation

∆ ∆ • Unknowns 3m ∆ ∆
B B B C
θB and ∆ 6(2EI∆)/(3) 2
C C
20 kN/m

20 kN/m
3EI 3EI = 1.333EI∆ 1.5EI∆
• Boundary Conditions wL2/12 = 15
3m 2EI 4EI 3m 2EI 4EI
θA = θD = 0
4m 4m
wL2/12 = 15 6(2EI∆)/(3) 2
• Equilibrium Conditions
= 1.333EI∆ 6(4EI∆)/(4) 2
A - Joint B A A = 1.5EI∆
[FEM]load D [FEM]load D (1/2)(1.5EI∆)
B
[FEM]∆
3m 0 D
MBA MBC 4(2 EI ) 2(2 EI )
M AB = θA + θ B + 15 + 1.333EI∆ = 1.333EIθ B + 15 + 1.333EI∆ ----------(1)
3 3
0
2( 2 EI ) 4(2 EI )
M BA = θA + θ B − 15 + 1.333EI∆ = 2.667 EIθ B − 15 + 1.333EI∆ ----------(2)
ΣM B = 0 : M BA + M BC = 0 − − − (1*) 3 3
3(3EI )
M BC = θ B = 3EIθ B ----------(3)
- Entire Frame 3
0
+ 3( 4 EI )
→ ΣFx = 0 : 60 − Ax − Dx = 0 − − − (2*) M DC = θ D + 0.75 EI∆ = 0.75 EI∆ ----------(4)
4
83 84
 • Horizontal reactions
Equilibrium Conditions • Solve equation
MAB M BA + M BC = 0 − − − (1*) Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*)
60 − Ax − Dx = 0 − − − (2*)
C 5.667 EIθ B + 1.333EI∆ = 15 − − − (7)
B + ΣM B = 0 :
1.5 m Equation of moment Substitute (5) and (6) in (2*)
M BA + M AB + 60(1.5)
60 kN Ax =
4m 3 M AB = 1.333EIθ B + 15 + 1.333EI∆ − − − (1) − 1.333EIθ B − 1.077 EI∆ = −30 − − − (8)
Ax = 1.333EIθ B + 0.889 EI∆ + 30 − − − (5)
1.5 m M BA = 2.667 EIθ B − 15 + 1.333EI∆ − − − (2)
From (7) and (8), solve equations;
A − 5.51 34.67
Ax D Dx + ΣMC = 0: M BC = 3EIθ B − − − (3) θB = ∆=
EI EI
MDC M DC
MBA Dx = = 0.188EI∆ − − − (6) M DC = 0.75 EI∆ − − − ( 4) − 5.51 34.67
4 Substituteθ B = and ∆ = in (1)to (6)
EI EI
Horizontal reaction at support M AB = 53.87 kN • m
M BA = 16.52 kN • m
Ax = 1.333EIθ B + 0.889 EI∆ + 30 − − − (5) M BC = −16.52 kN • m
M DC = 26.0 kN • m
Dx = 0.188EI∆ − − − (6)
Ax = 53.48 kN
85 Dx = 6.52 kN 86

B 3m
C
M AB = 53.87 kN • m
16.52 kN•m
20 kN/m

M BA = 16.52 kN • m
3m M BC = −16.52 kN • m
53.87 kN•m 4m M DC = 26.0 kN • m

53.48 kN Ax = 53.48 kN
A 26 kN•m Dx = 6.52 kN
5.55 kN D
6.52 kN
5.55 kN
16.52 ∆ ∆
16.52 C
B C B

53.87
A A
26. Deflected shape
Moment diagram 87
D D