UNIT-2

SLOPE DEFLECTION
METHOD &
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
METHOD
• slope deflection equations are applied to solve the statically
indeterminate frames without side sway. In frames
deformations are much smaller than the axial bending
deformations and are neglected in the analysis.

• With this assumption the frames shown in Fig. 1 will not

side sway. i.e. the frames will not be displaced to the right or
left. The frames shown in Fig. 1(a) and Fig. 1(b) are properly
restrained against side sway.
 Fig. 1(a)

Fig. 1(b) Fig. 1(c)

• For example in Fig. 1(a) the joint can’t move to the right or left
without support A also moving .This is true also for joint.
Frames shown in Fig. 1 (c) and (d) are not restrained against
side sway. However the frames are symmetrical in geometry
and in loading and hence these will not side sway. In general,
frames do not side sway if

• 1) They are restrained against side sway.

• 2) The frame geometry and loading is symmetrical
• For the frames shown in Fig. 1, the angle ψ in slope-deflection
equation is zero. Hence the analysis of such rigid frames by slope
deflection equation essentially follows the same steps as that of
continuous beams without support settlements. However, there is a
small difference.

• In the case of continuous beam, at a joint only two members meet.

Whereas in the case of rigid frames two or more than two members
meet at a joint. At joint in the frame shown in Fig. 1(d) three
members meet.

Fig. 1(d)
Now consider the free body diagram of joint C as shown in fig.2
The equilibrium equation at joint C is

Fig. 2
• slope-deflection equations are applied to analyse
statically indeterminate frames undergoing side
sway. As stated earlier, the axial deformation of
beams and columns are small and are neglected in
the analysis. In the previous lesson, it was observed
that side sway in a frame will not occur if

• 1. They are restrained against side sway.

• 2. If the frame geometry and the loading
symmetrical.
are
1. Unsymmetrical loading (eccentric loading).
2. Unsymmetrical out-line of portal frame.
3. Different end condition of the columns of the portal
frame.
4. Non-Uniform section (M.I.) of the members of the
frame.
5. Horizontal loading on the columns of the frame.
6. Settlement of the supports of the frame.
 Fig. 3
Plane frame undergoing sway

For example, consider the frame of Fig. 3. In this case the frame is
symmetrical but not the loading. Due to unsymmetrical loading the beam
end moments are not equal. If b is greater than a, then
 ............................(1)

As there are three unknowns (Ѳb, Ѳc and Δ), three equations are required to
evaluate them. Two equations are obtained by considering the moment
equilibrium of joint B and C respectively.

..............................(2)

..............................(3)
Now consider free body diagram of the frame as shown in Fig. 4 The horizontal
shear force acting at A and B of the column AB is given by

Fig. 4
 ..............................(4)

Similarly for member CD, the shear force is given by,

..............................(5)

Now, the required third equation is obtained by considering the equilibrium of

member BC,

..............................(6)

Substituting the values of beam end moments from equation (1) in equations
(2), (3) and (6), we get three simultaneous equations in three unknowns Ѳb,
Ѳc and ∆, solving which joint rotations and translations are evaluated.
...............................(A)

...............................(B)
...........................(C)
Moment Distribution Frames: No Sidesway

25
Example 6

From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports
(b)Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment
diagrams, and qualitative deflected shape.
40 kN•m
48 8
kN B kN/m
C
A
2.5E 2.5E
I I
4m
3EI

5m D 5m

26
 40
kN•m 8
48
kN B kN/m
C
A
2.5E 45 25 2.5EI
I 0.5 0.
5 4m
KAB = K = 3(2.5EI)/5 = 1.5 3EI 0.5
EIBC
KBD = 4(3EI)/4 = 3EI

5m D 5m
D C
A B

Member AB BA BC BD CB
DB
DF 1 0.25 0 1
0.5 0.25
-10 -
Joint load 10 -
CO -10
20
FE -45 25
M 5 5 10
Dis
CO 5
t.
 0 -50 -10 -5 0 51
20
 40
kN•m 8
48
kN B kN/m
C
A
20
2.5E 50 2.5E
14 I 10 I 16
kN 3EI kN
5 Member AB BA BC BD DB CB
D  0 -50 20 -10 -5 0

40
58 34kN•m 24
kN 50 3.75 20
48 3.7 40
A kN 50 58 5 kN
B 0 10 C 3.75
kN•m 58 20 3.7
B
14 10 5 16
34 24
kN kN kN•m kN
3.75 kN
kN

5
3.75
58 kN 52
 40
kN•m 8
48
kN B kN/m
C
A
2.5E 20 2.5E
14 I 50 I 16
3EI 10
kN kN 4 m
5
D
5m 5m

58 kN
35
1
6
10

20
50 Moment diagram Deflected shape

29
Moment Distribution for Frames: Sidesway

30
Single Frames

P P
 
C C R´
B C B R B

x C1
C1
A D A D A D

Artificial joint Artificial joint

applied (no removed
sidesway) (sidesway)

0 = R + C1R´

31
Multistory 2 P3
P2
Frames
P4
P1 1

P3
´´ ´´
P2 R2´´
R2 R2´
´ ´
P4
x C1 x C2
P1 R ´ C1
1
C2
R1 R1´´

0 =R2 + C1R2´ + C2R2´´

0 =R1 + C1R1´ + C2R2´´

56
Example 7

From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams,
and
EI is qualitative deflected shape.
16
constant.
kN
4m
B1 m C

5m

D
A

33
 • Overvie
w
16
16 kN kN
4m C C R´
1m C B R B
B

5m 5m = + x C1

A D A D A D

artificial joint artificial joint

applied (no removed
sidesway) ( sidesway)

R + C1R´ = 0 ---------
(1)

34
• Artificial joint applied (no
sidesway)

Fixed end moment:

16 kN
b=1 a=4 C
m B m R
Pa2b/L2 Pb2a/L2
= 10.24 =
2.56

A D

Equilibrium
condition :
+
Fx = 0: Ax + Dx + R = 0

35
• Artificial joint removed ( sidesway)

Fixed end moment:

Since both B and C happen to be displaced the same amount , and AB and
DC
have the same E, I, and L so we will assume fixed-end moment to be 100
kN•m.
 
B 5m C
100 kN•m R´
100
kN•m
5m 5m
100 100
A kN•m kN•m
D

Equilibrium
condition :
+
Fx = 0: Ax + Dx + R´ = 0

36
  

B 5m C
R´ A B C D
0.5 DF 0.50 0.50
100 100 0
kN•m kN•m 0 0.50 0.50 10
FE 10 10 10
5m 5m M 0 0-50 -50 0- 0
0.5 0.5
100 100 Dist. -50 50
CO -25.0 -25.0 - -
A kN•m kN•m 25.0 25.0
D
Dist.
CO 12.5 6.5
12.5 12.5
6.5 12.5 6.5
6.5 -3.125 -3.125
60 60 Dist.
CO -1.56 -3.125-1.56 -3.125
- -
kN•m kN•m 1.56 1.56
Dist.
CO 0.7 0.3
0.78 0.78 0.78
0.3 0.3
B C 8 9
0.39 -0.195 9
-0.195 9
Dist. -0.195 -0.195
 80 60 - -60 80
5m 5m 60 60
Fx = 0:
A Ax = 28 kN D
Equilibrium condition: + -28 - 28 + R´ =
Dx= 28 kN
0
80 80 R´ = 56 kN
kN•m kN•m 37
 Substitute R = -0.92 and R´= 56
in (1) :
R + C1R´ = 0
-0.92 + C1(56) = 0
0.92
C1
= 56

16 16
kN kN C
B C C R´ 4m
R B B1 m
5.7 2.7 60 60 4.7 3.7
8 2 2.72 60 60 9 1 3.71
5.78 + x C1 = 4.79 5m
5m
2.88 80 80 1.57 2.63
1.32
1.73 0.81 28 28 1.27
kN kN
A D A D A D 1.27

38
 8.2
16 2
kN C
3.71
4m
B1 m 4.7
4.7 3.7 9 3.71
4.7
9 1 3.71 9
4.79 5m
5m
2.63
1.57
1.27 1.27 1.57 2.63
kN kN Bending
A D 2.99
13.01 moment
kN kN
 diagram (kN•m) 

Deflected
shape 39
Example 8

From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams,
and
qualitative deflected shape.

20 3m
kN/m pin
C
3EI
B
3m 2EI
4EI 4m

A
D

40
 • Overvie
w
20 kN/m
B 3m, B C B C
3EI C R
R´

3m,
2EI 4m ,
= + x C1
4EI

A A A
D D D

artificial joint artificial joint

applied (no removed
sidesway) (sidesway)

R + C1R´ = 0 ----------
(1)

41
• Artificial joint applied (no
sidesway) A B C D
B 20 kN/m
3m , 3EI C R 0.471 0.52
DF 0 1.00 1.00 0
0.5 9
15 FE 15.00 -15.00
0.5 M 7.065
0.5 Dist. 3.533 7.935
CO
3m, 4m,
2EI 4EI  18.53 - 7.94
15 7.94
A
D 7.94
kN•m
KBA = 4(2EI)/3 = 2.667EI
B C + F = 0:
x
KBC = 3(3EI)/3 =
60 60 - 33.53 - 0 + R = 0
3EI KCD = 3(4EI)/4 3m 4
R = - 26.47 kN
m
= 3EI A Dx = 0
Ax = 33.53 kN D

18.53 0
kN•m 42
 • Artificial joint removed
( sidesway)
• Fixed end
moment  

B  3m, 3EI B
R´ 3m, 3EI C R´
100 kN•m
C
6(2EI/(3) 2 6(4EI)/(4) 2 100
kN•m
3 m,
2EI 100 4m, 3 m, 2EI 4m,
kN•m 2
6(2EI/(3) 4EI 100 4EI
kN•m
3(4EI/(4) 2 3(4EI)(75/EI)/(4)
A A 2

= 56.25 kN•m
D D
Assign a value of (FEM)AB = (FEM)BA = 100
kN•m
6(2EI )
 100
2
3

AB = 75/EI

43
  
A B C D
B 3m C
R´
0.5 DF 0 0.47 1 1.00 1.00 0
100 0.529
FEM 100 100 56.25
0.5
Dist. - -52.9 0
0.5
3m 4m CO -28.55 47.1
100
 76.45 52.9 -52.9 56.25
56.2
A 5

D
52.9.
kN•m + F = 0:
C x

B -43.12 - 14.06 + R´ = 0
3 4 R´ = 57.18 kN
m m
A Ax = 43.12kN
D 14.06
kN
76.45
kN•m 56.25 69
kN•m
 Substitute R = -26.37 and R´= 57.18
in (1) :
R + C1R´ = 0

-26.47 + C1(57.18) = 0

26.47
C1
=
57.18 20 kN/m
B B 52.9 B 3m
C C
kN•m
R C
7.94 R´ 16.55
kN•m
7.94 kN•m
52.9
= kN•m
3m
+ 76.45
x C1
53.92 4m
18.53
kN•m kN•m kN•m
33.53 43.12 53.49
A kN A kN 56.2 kN26.04
0 A
5
0 5.52 kNkN•m
6.51 kN
D D 14.06 D
5.52
kN
70
 20
16.5
kN/m
B 3m 5
16.5
C B C
5
16.55
kN•m
3m
53.92 4m
kN•m
53.9
53.49
kN26.04 2
A A
5.52 kNkN•m 26.0
6.51 kN Moment diagram
  4
D D
5.52
kN B C

A
Deflected shape
71
D
Example 8

From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment
diagrams, and qualitative deflected shape.
EI is constant.

10 B
kN C

4m

A D
4m 3m

47
• Overvie
w 10 B
kN C

4m

A D
4m 3m

R + C1R´ = 0 ---------

=
(1)

10 B C B C
R R´
kN

+ x C1

A D A D
artificial joint artificial joint
applied (no removed
sidesway) (sidesway)
48
• Artificial joint applied (no
sidesway)

10 B C
kN R

0 0
A D

Equilibrium + F = 0:
x
condition : 10 + R = 0
R = - 10 kN

49
• Artificial joint removed
(sidesway)
• Fixed end 6EIBC/(4) 2
moment B
R´
6EIAB /(4) 3EICD/(5) 2
2 C
100 100 4m
kN•m 6EIC /(5)
kN•m
6EI AB/(4)
2
2 D

A D

4m 6EI AB

4 2
100
AB = 266.667/EI
B   CDC´ BC 3m
R´
 CD =  / cos 36.87° = 1.25  =
B´ C =
1.25(266.667/EI)
Assign a value of (FEM)AB = (FEM)BA = 100 kN•m :
333.334/EI C´
36.87°
4m C
D B   tan 36.87° = 0.75
A
36.87 C 
D C °AB =  = 0.75(266.667/EI)
4m 3m = 200/EI 75
BC= 200/EI, CD =
333.334/EI

6EIBC/(4) 2 = 6(200)/42 = 75
B kN•m
R´
100
C 3EICD/(5) 2 = 3(333.334)/5 = 40
kN•m 2
kN•m
100
kN•m
A D

Equilibrium
condition :
+
Fx = 0: Ax + Dx + R´ = 0

51
 75 A B C D
B 75
R´ DF 0 0.50 0.50 0.625 0.37 1
0.5 C
100 FEM 10 100 -75 - 540
40 4 m Dist. 0 - 75 13.125
0.5 0.
5 12.5 -12.5
100 CO - 10.938 -
21.875
A D 6.25 - 6.25 2.344
Dist. 5.469 -5.469
4m 3m CO - 1.953
3.906 -
2.735 - 2.735 1.026
Dist.
 -0.977 -
91.02 0.977 -81.05 56.48
KBA = 4EI/4 = EI, KBC = 4EI/4 = 1.709
81.05 56.48
EI, KCD = 3EI/5 = 0.6EI

34.3881.0
kN C 34.3856.4
kN
81.05 B
8
B 5 56.48
34.38
kN C
+ F = 0: 34.38 kN 39.91
A 43.02 D
x
kN
kN -43.02 - 39.91 + R´ = 0
91.0
34.382 R´ = 82.93 kN 34.38
kN kN
52
 Substitute R = -10 kN and R´= 82.93 kN -10 + C1(82.93) = 0
in (1) : C1 = 10/82.93
R + C1R´ = 0 ---------(1)
81.0
10 B C B C
5 R´
kN R
81.0 56.48
x C1= 10/82.93
+ 5 56.4
0 8 39.91
0 91.02
A 0 D A 43.02 D kN
kN
0

=
34.38
0 34.38 kN
9.77 kN
10 B
kN C
9.77 6.81
6.8 4m
1
10.9 4.81
A 8 5.19 kN
kN D
4.15 4.15
4m 3m
kN
kN
53
 B 9.77
10
kN C
9.77 6.81
6.8 4m
1
10.9
A 8 5.19 4.81
kN D
4.15 kN
4.15
4m 3m
kN kN
9.7
7 B
B
9.7 C C
7
6.8
1

A 10.9 A
D D
8
Bending moment Deflected shape
diagram
(kN•m)

54
Example 9

From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b)Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment
diagrams,and qualitative deflected shape.
EI is constant.
40 kN
20 B
kN C
3EI
3m
4EI
4EI 4m

A
D
2m 3m 2m

55
• Overvie
w 40 kN 20 B
kN C
3EI
3m
4EI
4EI 4m

A
D
2m 3m
2m
R + C1R´ = 0 ----------
40

=
(1)
B kN B
20 C C
kN R R´

+ x C1
artificial joint artificial joint
applied (no removed (no
A sidesway) A sidesway)
D D
2m 3m 2m 2m 3m 2m
56
• Artificial joint applied (no sidesway)

Fixed end moments:

40 kN
PL/8 =
B C
15
20 R
kN 15+(15/2)
= 22.5
kN•m

A
D
2m 3m
2m

Equilibrium condition :
+
Fx = 0: Ax + Dx + R = 0

57
 A B C D
40
B kN
20 C DF 0 0.60 0.40 1.00 1.00 0
kN R
22. FE 22.5
15
50.5 M - -9.0
Dist
CO -6.75 13.5
0.5 0.5 .
 -6.75 - 13.5
A 13.5
D
2m 3m 2m KBA = 4(4EI)/3.6 = 4.444EI, KBC = 3(3EI)/3 =
3EI,
24.5 15.5
kN 13.5 kN
kN•m C + F = 0:
B x

40 23.08 + 20 -7.75 + R´ =
kN 0
13.5 B C R´ = - 35.33 kN

A 7.75
23.08
24.5 15.5 D kN
kN 0
6.75 kN kN
24.5kN•m 15.5
83
kN kN
• Artificial joint removed
(sidesway)
Fixed end 3m
moments: B C
R

6m
´

4.4
0
3EI
3.6

7
2m
4EI
4EI
A
D
3(3EI)BC/(3) 2 6(3EI)BC/(3) 2
100
R´
kN•m AB/(3.606) 2
6(4EI) B C
6(4EI)CD/(4.47) 2
100
kN•m/(3.61) 2
6(4EI) AB
3(4EI)C /(4.472)
A 2 D
D

Assign a value of (FEM)AB = (FEM)BA = 100 kN•m : 6(4EI ) AB = 54.18/EI

2
3.61  100
AB 84
 CC   ABcos 33.69° =
B BB´ C ´ C´ 45.08/EI
R C´
B´ ´  CCD
.69 o D
 tan 26.57 =

26.57°
33

C 26.57° 22.54/EI
B 33.69o
AB
=  tan 33.69 =
54 30.05/EI
A .3/
D EI
B´
 BC  B'C'  22.54 / EI  30.05 / EI 
52.59 / EI
CD  cos 26.57°= 50.4/EI
3(3EI)BC/(3) 2 = 3(3EI)(52.59/EI) /(3) 2 = 52.59
kN•m
R´
100 B
kN•m C

100
kN•m 3(4EI)CD /(4.472)
A 2 = 3(4EI)(50.4/EI)/(4.472)
D 2

= 30.24 kN•m 85
 A B C D
3E
I B
C DF 0 0.60 0.40 1.00 1.00 0
52.59 R´
10 0.5 FEM 100 100 -52.59 30.24
0 Dist -28.45 -18.96
3 m 0.5 .CO -14.223
10 0.5 4m
0 4EI
4EI  85.78 71.55 -71.55 30.24
A 30.2
D
4
2m 3m 2m
23.85
23.85 kN kN + F = 0:
71.55 x
C
BkN•m -68.34 - 19.49 + R´ = 0

71.55 B C R´ = 87.83 kN

A 68.34 23.8 23.8 19.49

kN 5 5 D kN
85.78kN• 30.24
m
23.85 kN•m
23.85
kN
kN 86
 Substitute R = -35.33 and R´= 87.83 -35.33 + C1(87.83) = 0
in (1) : 40 C1 =
B kN B 35.33/87.83
20 C C
35.33 90.59
kN kN
kN 71.55
13.5
kN•m +85.78 kN•m
x C1
6.75
kN•m kN•m
68.34
0 kN 30.24
A 24.5 23.08 kN A 23.85
kN•m
kN 7.75 kN 19.485
D D
kN kN
15.5 23.85

=
kN kN
40
20 B kN
kN C
15.28
kN•m

27.76 kN•m 4.41

12.16
A kN
14.91 kN•m
kN 15.59
D kN
25.09 87
kN
 40 kN 20 B
kN C
15.28
kN•m

27.76 kN•m
4.41
12.16
A kN
14.91 kN•m
kN 15.59
D kN
37.6 25.09
5 kN
15.2
8 C B
C
B

A 27.7
6 12.16 A derıectea
benaing moment D
snape
D

aiagram
88