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    physics 102 ch 24

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    physics 102 ch 24

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    1 views48 pages

    physics 102 ch 24

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    You are on page 1of 48

    Chapter 24

    Gauss’s Law
    Dr.Yasmeen Qawasmeh
    15.9 Electric Flux and Gauss's law
    Electric flux, property of an electric field that may be thought of as the
    number of electric lines of force (or electric field lines) that intersect a given
    area.
    E: Electric Field
    A: area

    Θ: angle between the E and the normal to the surface


    The SI unit of flux N.m2/C
    \

    EA EAcosθ Zero
    Answer: C. 20 N.m2/C

    Answer : b.10 N.m2/C


    ● Consider the closed surface in Active Figure
    ● The vectors point in different
    directions for the various surface elements,
    but at each point they are normal to the
    surface and, by convention, always point
    outward.
    ● At the element labeled 1 , the field lines are
    crossing the surface from the inside to the
    outside and Ө<90°; hence, the flux through
    this element is positive.
    ● For element 2 , the field lines graze the
    surface (perpendicular to the vector );
    therefore, Ө=90° and the flux is zero.
    ● For elements 3 such as , where the field lines
    are crossing the surface from outside to
    inside, 180° >Ө>90° and the flux is negative
    because cos Ө is negative.
    ● The net Flux through the surface is proportional to the net number of lines
    leaving the surface, where the net number means the number of lines
    leaving the surface minus the number of lines entering the surface.
    ● If more lines are leaving than entering, the net flux is positive.
    ● If more lines are entering than leaving, the net flux is negative.
    ● Answer

    ● Answer: (e). The same number of field lines pass through a sphere of
    any size. Because points on the surface of the sphere are closer to
    the charge, the field is stronger.
    24.2Gauss’s Law
    ● Answer: (b) and (d). Statement (a) is not necessarily true because an equal
    number of positive and negative charges could be present inside the
    surface. Statement (c) is not necessarily true as can be seen from Figure
    24.8: a nonzero electric field exists everywhere on the surface, but the
    charge is not enclosed within the surface and the net flux is therefor is
    zero.
    Answer : d
    23.3 Application of gauss’s law to various charge
    distributions
    15.6 Conductors in electrostatic Equilibrium
    A good electric conductor like copper, although electrically neutral, contains
    charges (electrons) that aren’t bound to any atom and are free to move about
    within the material.

    When no net motion of charge occurs within a conductor, the conductor


    is said to be in electrostatic equilibrium.
    An isolated conductor has the following properties:
    ● Answer:
    The Electric Field of a Charged Spherical Shell
    Conclusion
    ● The electric field inside a uniformly charged spherical shell is zero.
    ● The electric Field is zero for the conducting material in the region a < r <b.
    ● The field outside is the same as that of a point charge having a total
    charge Q located at the center of the shell.
    A Nonconducting Plane Sheet of Charge
    ● Find the electric field above and below a nonconducting infinite plane
    sheet of charge with uniform positive charge per unit area 𝜎

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