ALTERNATING

CURRENT
ALTERNATING CURRENT
the cwunt ohoe magitude chamge nontinussly
with time btsen 3e amd a mascimum valu and
uhe diction nass peniodically.
|I I, bin wt I:I,bn 2Tt
whe, =

AVERAGE OR MEAN VALUE OF AC

I= I n wt
Iott

HC

Law. =

=
Iow.
*7sin tet
-
Iaw. =

Iow. 21. t

2IT
Iaw.

2I
RODT MEAN 5QUARE VALVE OF CORRENT 2)

P=I'R
t 2
I= I, &n
P
2
(I,6iu ut)'R
H= IR
2
2 J(es't dt
T
)
Pa T,´sn utR H =
2 R
I R 6n ut 2
dH = I.R Bin t dt H I RT

H- fI'R sintdt

AC Hac. I RT DC Hac = TRMs RT

2
I,RT - IRMS RT
2
IRMs = I

INDUCTIVE RE ACTANCE (X)

-
efhaetion otted dy the
nduto to th hoo ot cuent o inductive usctame.

X (2 nL)f

["21L
 3
CAPACI TIVE REACTANCE (X)
he motwre o raparitor to the to
otpasing,

uactamee.

2rfC

cafpaciame a AC
[: /2 LC= cosant ]
WATTLE S5 CURRENT
heewvunt in fuwaly inductie o tapacitin AC eincuit
when aweage ower comsmstion un AC incuit ve
go wattleus uent.

PHASOR 0IAGRAM

the ebreentatin oy AC veent and nattae doy

nasting eetos ie called fhaon diagam.

TYPES OF AC CIRCUI TS

1. AC THROUGH RESIS TOR

when AC abplied to veisto,I amd V vaen
yphase phaa alitrenee bituwen
I nd V
V= Vo &n wt
>
 I= V Sin wt

R
1
[I I. Bin wt HI

21

2. AC THROUGH CAPACTTOR
V= Vo &un wt

IIa 3T
I dCV
t
dt
I =C de (Vosuin wt)
dt
T:V, Cw Re ot
I
t

I-
3. AC THROU GH IND UCTOR

dt
 No

ces wt

I- I. sin( wt-I

I, Vo

L-R 6uia AC cuit

ww

V= Vo &mwt
Jhen,

Vrms/Ims

bhase
 R-C 6is AC veoiuit
6
C R

V=V, Bin at

hm
= R'+ X
I mo

(Htor th fhase amgl, tam ¢ R wCR

L-C suis AC ciet

I my

(v) Bwit, I- I. bin (ut t)

Smpdanee

atmating
 L-CR seis AC bieuit
L

Jhem

behaweo as
inouetie, cicit
L-R cieuit
(iig 4 net eatame is capeitine ,
C-R vcwit
RESONANT LCR CIRCUIT

¿) X Xc icit behae va
(if) mfpdane, Ž • Zmin.= R i.4.
esieti eieit.
is o
(üü) he fohase ditene btween
V amd I

(iv) Rsonat angulan fuqny x

(v) Ghera foereonsmton Par deeme marimun

QUALITY FAC TOR

duiminant dy Q- factor. t undicatu te shoanpne

an L-C-R e AC veivcuit.
ot oname n

VA VR R
RESONANCE
8
n snis L CR cieit when
g0w,
, thase () betweem

veicuit is said
wwent and noltag
the

to be uonant viiuit.

he teawney ot whieh Xe amd X become tqual

V, = IXL
IX = I XC I

2= 1
LC

I, >Iy >Ia
Re >Ry> Rz

1
fo =
2/Lc
AVERAGE POWER IN A SERIES LCR CIRCUI

Pavg. = Vm Iam ceso

P: VI
V= Vo Bin wt

2
 2
T

2
Bin 2
2 ot sin dt = 0

Pang 2
Pawg.
V2

Pawg.

tu
wiitual
pow
power

CHOKE COIL

conboling cwunt in an AC wicuit , withaut

wasting lectical nengy n the fon at heat.

 TRANSFORMER
AC

nto low oltog AC amd ie esa

eucipl f mtual inotution:
pon thu

WORKING AND THEORY

when am AC ui fpased tweugh thu puimay cil,
thu
magniti fun thvough the inen cou hange,
which two
diee things, pedce amf n the
coil amd an
coil, If we assme thot iátomee o rimay
then thu back mf wil e dqal t
pruiy
the wottog asplid
and
to

V
the

-N,d coil.

whe Nand Ng a mmee ot twns in the

nothila and V, vatu

V2
thei
hin
N2
nhtagu
csil

,eaectiely
ipetiy

bmengy derus tanaso

1. Bddy Busent osa - Bddy cwsent uin iio eoe

the fom af hat.

2. hux leakage total fluns linked with fimay
do
wthich
mot cemploty foas
dnots thi losa in
tgthe
te deondany
flue e

luakage.
3. Bobaek Aos - Due to hating, mengy doe

amd conday coita.

4. Hystris tou- he anengy doa take plaee in

magnetiing amd mognetiing the

Humming koss - the magmtotuction fet keada

to et u e in ibatiou hich twn n

fuscuced thu dound. his Ross ugod

humming loss.
TYPES OF TRANSFORMER
1. 5TE P- UP- (N>N) t veeneta lo Ae altrnatg
vottage into high altenating netage.
2. STEP
notage
DOWN-(N, <N) t ceets high allorati
init low attimating wattage
ton an ideal tanafom
V I V, Iz V1 =
Va
• namefomation oatio (u)

Np Is

X 1Do
nut pouwor
U6ES OF TRA NSFOR MER
1. Bn the induction tinaces
2. natag
n uglators yot TV, comoutu, te.
3. tor welding funpous.
I IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
L-C-R veicut with L= 2.0 H, C e 82 uF and Ro 102.
NCERT
s9 ym, L 20H, C= 32 x 10'F R= 10 2 Wn? Q=?
V2x 32 X 10
-125 ad/s
2
32 x 1o-€
1
= 25
10x4x 10-3

4 44 m H muct s veommeced to 220#V,50

Hz AC
wwent un
subbly
thu
. Detomine
cinit.
the tems
0hat io the
ale a
mt foouer
the

NCE RT
L= 44m H = 44X10H Vma 220 V 9= 50Hz
X =2v 2 x 314X50x 44 X 10
1382 2
the suns nale ot wet n th cineut
Im= Vemo 220 = 159 A
XL 13.82
lowe
tot
Vw
fwe indctie Imo
alteled, P=
icuit,
veso

= 90 P= o
in ane halt yle etiuwed in
tthu isther haly yele.

3) 4 eeil et uindutace 0.5 and

H eistane l00.2
240 V 50 Hz AC subby
i) what the manimum cuent n the Ceie ?
(iiy us the time log
what etuween th naltage
manimm vamd vent mammum? NCERT
 (3)
L 05 H, R a 100 N

9= 50 Hz ,
Vm 240 V

Vo V2x2 40
V(lo6)2+ (100 IXO5)
x

= 12A I:w 2 JN =100 T

= 2X3|4 X 50 Xo5
R R 100
= to (319x10s)

4.g ssi LCR veeit with R= 20-2, L= 15H

vamd C 3 5u F uo cenctd to a ehiel vaialle
taent 200 V AC supy. hn the fequmey
subby qals the natwal tequmy
tie veiuit ,
vcict
ohat
in ne
the anage
ayel
foouer
?
ironyewe
to the eompleti

matal tequeme o he iieuit , Jeaomane

Z=R= 20 n

I m Vme = 200 = 10A

20
eyole
Pan. = Vma Ima cao

200 x 10 x Ag o
2000 W =12 KW