18

Moving Charges
and Magnetism
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TOPIC 1 B=
µ 0I
r Ans. (d)
Biot Savart’s Law and 2 πR 2
Here, R is the radius of the cylindrical Given,l = 50 cm = 0.5m, N = 100 turns
Ampere’s Circuital Law and I = 2.5A
cable,
∴Magnetic field at the centre of
r is the distance from the axis of the solenoid is
1 A thick current carrying cable of
= µ 0 nI = µ 0   ⋅I
cylinder, N
radius R carries current I l 
I is the current carrying in the cylindrical
uniformly distributed across its 100
cable. = 4 π × 10 −7 × × 2.5
cross-section. The variation of
⇒ B ∝r 0.5
magnetic field B due to the cable = 6.28 × 10 −4 T
∴The graph of magnetic field B with r is
with the distance r from the axis Hence, correct option is (d).
a straight line passing through origin.
of the cable is represented by
[NEET 2021] For a point outside the cylinder,
µ I 1 3 Two toroids 1 and 2 have total
B= 0 ⇒B∝ number of turns 200 and 100
2 πR R
respectively with average radii
(a) B The graph of magnetic field (B) with r is a
40 cm and 20 cm respectively. If
rectangular hyperbola passing through
r
they carry same current i, the ratio
the outer surface of the cylinder.
of the magnetic fields along the
two loops is [NEET (Odisha) 2019]
B (a) 1 : 1 (b) 4 : 1
(b) B
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 2
r=R r Ans. (a)
r
∴The variation of the magnetic field B The magnetic field within the turns of
due to the cable with the distance r from toroid is
(c) B µ NI
the axis of the cylindrical cable is as B= 0
2 πr
shown in the figure.
r where,N = number of turns,I = current in
loops and
2 A long solenoid of 50 cm length
r = radius of each turn
having 100 turns carries a current
(d) B Here, N 1 = 200, N 2 = 100 , r1 = 40 cm,
of 2.5 A. The magnetic field at the r2 = 20 cm
r
centre of solenoid is and currentI is same, then
(Take, µ 0 = 4π × 10 −7 T m A −1 ) B 1 µ 0N 1I 2 πr2
= ×
Ans. (c) [NEET (Sep.) 2020] B2 2 πr1 µ 0N 2 I
Magnetic field inside the conducting . × 10−4 T
(a) 314 (b) 6.28 × 10−5 T
Substituting the given values in the
cylindrical cable, . × 10−5 T
(c) 314 (d) 6.28 × 10−4 T above relation, we get

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182 NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Physics

B 1  N 1   r2  which acts in inward direction as Ans. (b)

=   
B 2  N 2   r1  B1 > B2 . The cylinder can be considered to be
Two arcs can also be seen as the two made from concentric circles of radius
= 
200   20  1
  =2 × = 1 resistances in parallel combination. R.
 100   40  2
So, the potential across them will be
∴ B1 : B2 = 1 : 1 R
same i.e.
V1 = V2
4 A straight conductor carrying i1R1 = i2 R2 …(iv) d
current i splits into two parts as
where, R 1 and R 2 = Resistance of
shown in the figure. The radius of respective segments
the circular loop is R. The total The wire is uniform so
magnetic field at the centre P at R 1 L1 R × 270 (i) The magnetic field at point outside
the loop is [NEET (Odisha) 2019] = = cylinder, i.e. d > R.
R 2 L2 R × 90
From Ampere’s circuital law,
[Qlength of arc = radius × angle]
i1
R ∫ B ⋅ dl = µ 0I
From Eq. (iv), we get ⇒ B ∫ dl = µ 0I
i 1 R 2 90 1 µ I
i P ⇒ = = = B (2 πd) = µ 0I ⇒ B = 0
90º i 2 R 1 270 3 2π d
i2 or 3i 1 = i 2 …(v) where, µ 0 = permeability of free
space.
i From Eq. (iii) and (v), we get
µ (ii) The magnitude field at surface, i.e.
B R = 0 (−270i 1 + 90i 2 ) d=R
(a) Zero 4 πR µ I
(b) 3 µ 0i / 32 R, outward µ B= 0
= 0 [−270i 1 + 90 (3i 1 )] 2 πR
(c) 3 µ 0i /32R, inward 4 πR
µ i (iii) The magnetic field at inside point.
(d) 0 , inward µ
2R = 0 (−270i 1 + 270i 1 ) = 0 The current for a point inside the
4 πR cylinder is given by I′ = current per
Ans. (a) unit cross-sectional area of
The magnetic field at the centre of an 5 A cylindrical conductor of radius R cylinder × cross-section of loop
arc subtended at an angleθ is given by is carrying a constant current. The I Id 2
= πd 2 = 2
µ i θ plot of the magnitude of the πR 2
R
B= 0 ×
2R 2 π magnetic field B with the distance µ 0I ′ µ 0Id 2 µ I
∴ B= = = 0 d
d from the centre of the conductor, 2 πd 2 πR 2 d 2 πR 2
i1
is correctly represented by the So, the variation of magnetic field
270° can be plotted as
R figure [NEET (National) 2019]
P
i A 90° B B
R
i2 (a)
B∝d
B B∝ 1
d
i
R d
Then, the magnetic field due to larger B
O d =R
arc AB is d
µ i 270 (b)
B1 = 0 1 × …(i) 6 A long straight wire of radius a
2R 2π
carries a steady current I. The
which acts in inward direction R d
according to right hand thumb rule. And
current is uniformly distributed
B
magnetic field due to smaller arc AB is over its cross-section. The ratio of
µ i 90 the magnetic fields B and B′ at
B2 = 0 2 × …(ii) (c) a
2R 2 π radial distances and 2a
2
which acts in outward direction.
R d respectively, from the axis of the
The resultant magnetic field B wire is [NEET 2016]
BR = B1 + B2
1
µ i × 270 µ 0i 2 × 90 (a) (b) 1
=− 0 1 + [From Eq. (i) (d)
2
4 πR 4 πR 1
and (ii)] …(iii) (c) 4 (d)
4
R d

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Moving Charges and Magnetism 183

Ans. (b) µ 0i µ 0i (2 π) µ 0 πi 9 An electron moving in a circular

B= = =
Consider two amperian loops of radius 2R 2(l ) l orbit of radius r makes n rotations
a µ 0 ni n2 µ 0 π i
and 2a as shown in the diagram.
= = = n2 B per second. The magnetic field
2  l 
2 
l produced at the centre has
Applying Ampere’s circuital law for  2nπ  magnitude [CBSE AIPMT 2015]
these loops we get,
µ 0ne
(a) (b) zero
8 A wire carrying current I has the 2 πr
shape as shown in adjoining figure. µ n2e µ 0ne
a/2 (c) 0 (d)
Linear parts of the wire are very r 2r
long and parallel to X-axis while Ans. (d)
2a semicircular portion of radius R is q
As I = . So, for an electron revolving in
lying in Y - Z plane. Magnetic field at t
point O is [CBSE AIPMT 2015] a circular orbit of radius r
∫ B . dL = µ 0I enclosed Z
For the smaller loop
I r
2
a I a  X
⇒ B × 2π = µ 0 × × π 
2 πa 2  2 R Y B
e
O
1 µ I I
= µ 0I × = 0 I
4 4 I
µ I a q = e and t = T
⇒ B I = 0 , at distance from X
4 πa 2 ⇒
µ I
the axis of the wire. (a) B = 0 (π $i + 2k$ ) e e ωe 2 πne
4π R I= = = = = ne
Similarly, for bigger amperian loop. µ I T 2 π/ω 2 π 2π
B ′ × 2 π (2a) = µ 0I [total current enclosed (b) B = − 0 (π $i − 2k$ )
4π R The magnetic field produced at the
by Amperian loop is 2] µ I centre is
µ 0I
(c) B = − 0 (π $i + 2k$ )
⇒ B′ = 4π R µ I µ ne
, B= 0 = 0
4 πa µ I 2R 2r
(d) B = 0 (π $i − 2k$ )
at distance2a from the axis of the wire. 4π R
B µ I 4 πa Ans. (a) 10 Two identical long conducting
So, ratio of, = 0 × =1
B ′ 4 πa µ 0 I The magnetic field in the different
wires AOB and COD are placed at
regions is given by right angle to each other, such that
7 A long wire carrying a steady Z
one is above the other and O is their
current is bent into a circular loop common point. The wires carry I 1
of one turn. The magnetic field at and I2 currents, respectively. Point
I P is lying at distance d from O along
the centre of the loop is B. It is 2
R
then bent into a circular coil of n O
Y a direction perpendicular to the
1I I plane containing the wires. The
turns. The magnetic field at the 3
centre of this coil of n turns will be magnetic field at the point P will be
[NEET 2016] [CBSE AIPMT 2014]
(a) nB (b) n 2B X µ  I1  µ0
µ0 I $ (a) 0   (b) (I 1 + I 2 )
(c) 2nB (d) 2n 2B B1 = × (−k) 2 πd  I2  2 πd
4π R
Ans. (b) µ µ
n⋅µ 0 i µ I (c) 0 (I 12 − I 22 ) (d) 0 (I 12 + I 22 ) 1 / 2
Key Idea Bcentre = (For a circular B3 = 0 (−k$ ) 2 πd 2 πd
2R 4 πR
µ I Ans. (d)
coil) B2 = 0 (− $i)
where, n : Number of turns in circular 4 πR As from question
The net magnetic field at the centre O is A
coil
B = B1 + B2 + B3 I1
µ I µ I
= 0 (−2k$ ) + 0 (− $i)
R 4 πR 4R C
O
D
i µ 0I $ I2
=− (2k + π$i ) P
4 πR
Z
B

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184 NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Physics

The point P is lying at a distanced ∴ ev 0 B = 3ma 0 − eE 1 2

along the Z-axis.
⇒ = 3 ma 0 − ma 0 [from Eq. (i)]
P B1 2ma 0 i1 i2
∴B = , in vertically downward
ev 0
direction

B2
12 Two similar coils of radius R are r
µ I lying concentrically with their
As magnetic field B 1 is given by = 0 1 Therefore, net magnetic field
2π d planes at right angles to each
µ i µ i
µ I other. The currents flowing in B = B1 − B2 = 0 1 − 0 2
and magnetic field B 2 is given by = 0 2 2 π r1 2 π r2
2π d them are I and 2I, respectively. The
r 5
B 1 and B 2 are ⊥ to each other resultant magnetic field induction At mid-point, r1 = r2 = = = 2 .5 cm
2 2
So, B net is given by at the centre will be
µ  i i 
[CBSE AIPMT 2012] Hence, B = 0  1 − 2 
B net = B 12 + B 22 , 2 π  r /2 r /2 
5 µ0 I 3µ 0 I
µ 0 1 2 2 1/2 (a) (b) µ  5 2 .5 
Bnet = (I 1 + I 2 ) 2R 2R = 0  − 
2π d µ0 I µ0 I 2 π  2 .5 2 .5 
(c) (d)
2R R µ µ
11 When a proton is released from = 0 (2 − 1) = 0 T
2π 2π
rest in a room, it starts with an Ans. (a)
initial acceleration a 0 towards The magnetic field (B) at the centre of
14 Two circular coils 1 and 2 are made
West. When it is projected circular current carrying coil of radius R
µ I from the same wire but the radius
towards North with a speed v 0 it and currentI is B = 0
2R of the 1st coil is twice that of the
moves with an initial acceleration 2nd coil. What is the ratio of
Similarly, if current is2I, then
3a 0 towards West. The electric µ 0 2I potential difference applied
and magnetic fields in the room Magnetic field = = 2B
2R across them so that the magnetic
are [NEET 2013]
field at their centres is the same ?
So, resultant magnetic field
ma0 2 ma0
(a) West, up = B 2 + (2 B) 2 = 5B 2 [CBSE AIPMT 2006]
e ev 0 (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 2
µ0 I 5
ma0 2 ma0 = 5B = Ans. (b)
(b) West, down 2R
e ev 0 Magnetic field at the centre of a circular
ma0 3ma0 coil is
(c) East, up 13 Two wires are held perpendicular µ i
e ev 0 to the plane of paper and are 5 m B= 0 ×
ma0 3ma0 2π r
(d) East, down apart. They carry currents of 2.5 A
e ev 0 where, i is current flowing in the coil
and 5 A in same direction. Then, and r is radius of coil.
Ans. (b) the magnetic field strength (B) at a At the centre of coil-1,
Initial acceleration is given by point midway between the wires µ i
B1 = 0 × 1 ...(i)
a0 =
eE
(F = eE)
will be [CBSE AIPMT 2008] 2 π r1
m µ0 µ0
(a) T (b) T At the centre of coil-2
⇒ E=
a0 m 4π 2π
…(i) µ i
e 3µ 0 3µ 0 B2 = 0 × 2 ...(ii)
ev 0 B + eE (c) T (d) T 2 π r2
∴ = 3a 0 2π 4π
m but B1 = B2
Ans. (b) µ 0 i1 µ 0 i2
or ev 0 B + eE = 3a 0 m ∴ =
According to Maxwell’s right handed 2 π r1 2 π r2
B M screw rule, the magnetic field at right
i1 i2
hand of wire 1 is perpendicular to the or =
current carrying wire in plane of paper r1 r2
going inwards shown by ⊗. Similarly, the As given r1 = 2 r2
magnetic field at left hand of wire 2 is i1 i
perpendicular to current carrying wire in ∴ = 2 or i 1 = 2 i 2 ...(iii)
plane of paper opposite to first wire 2r2 r2
shown by u. Thus, the two fields are Now, ratio of potential differences
B opposite to each other. V2 i 2 × R 2 i × R2 1
= = 2 = [R ∝ r]
V1 i 1 × R 1 2 i 2 × 2R 2 4

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Moving Charges and Magnetism 185

V1 4 Note Magnetic field at the centre of passed in both the cases, then the
∴ =
V2 1 circular coil is maximum and decreases ratio of the magnetic induction at
as we move away from the centre
Note If wires are made of same (on the axis of coil). their centres will be
material, then resistance of coil is [CBSE AIPMT 1998]
proportional to the radius of coil (a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 4
17 Magnetic field due to 0.1A current
i.e., R ∝ I so, R ∝ 2 πr (c) 4 : 1 (d) 1 : 2
flowing through a circular coil of
radius 0.1m and 1000 turns at the Ans. (b)
15 A long solenoid carrying a current
centre of the coil is Magnetic induction at the centre of
produces a magnetic field B along current carrying coil ofN turns carrying
[CBSE AIPMT 1999]
its axis. If the current is doubled current is given by
(a) 0.2 T (b) 2 × 10−4 T µ Ni
and the number of turns per cm is B= 0 ...(i)
(c) 6.28 × 10−4T (d) 9.8 × 10−4 T 2r
halved, the new value of the
magnetic field is Ans. (c) Suppose the length of the wire be L.
[CBSE AIPMT 2003] At the centre of current carrying, Case I For coil of one turn, let radius be
B circular coil, the magnetic field is,
(a) 2B (b) 4B (c) (d) B µ Ni r1 .
2 B= 0 ∴ L = 2 πr1 × N
2r
Ans. (d) L L
or r1 = = (QN = 1)
For a solenoid magnetic field is given by where, N = number of turns in the coil 2π ×N 2π
B =µ 0 ni i = current flowing
Case II For coil of two turns, let radius
r = radius of the coil
where, n = number of turns per unit be r2 .
Given, N = 1000, i = 0.1 A, r = 0.1 m
length andi = current through the coil ∴ L = 2 πr2 × N
Substituting the values, we have
or so for two different cases B ∝ ni or r2 =
L
=
L
(QN =2 )
B1 n i 4 π × 10 −7 × 1000 × 0.1 2π × N 2π ×2
∴ = 1 1 B=
B 2 n2 i 2 2 × 0.1 r
or r2 = 1
n = 2 π × 10 −4 = 628
. × 10 −4 T 2
Here, n1 = n, n2 = ,
2 By comparing two different cases from
i 1 = i, i 2 = 2 i, B 1 = B
18 If a long hollow copper pipe Eq. (i),
carries a current, then magnetic r
Hence,
B
=
n i
× = 1 or B 2 = B 1× 1
field is produced B 1 N 1 r2 B1 2
B 2 n/2 2 i = × or =
(a) inside the pipe only B2 r1 N 2 B 2 r1 × 2
[CBSE AIPMT 1999] B1 1
16 The magnetic field of a given ∴ =
(b) outside the pipe only B2 4
length of wire carrying a current
for a single turn circular coil at (c) both inside and outside the pipe
centre is B, then its value for two (d) no where 20 Two equal electric currents are
turns for the same wire when Ans. (b) flowing perpendicular to each
same current passing through it is According to Ampere’s circuital law, other as shown in the figure. AB
and CD are perpendicular to each
B B
[CBSE AIPMT 2002]
∫ B ⋅dl = µ 0 i enclosed other and symmetrically placed
(a) (b) (c) 2 B (d) 4B
4 2 So, B (2 πr) = µ 0 × 0 [i enclosed = 0] w.r.t the currents, where do we
∴ B =0 expect the resultant magnetic field
Ans. (d)
So, inside a hollow metallic (copper) pipe to be zero ? [CBSE AIPMT 1996]
Magnetic field at the centre of circular
coil carrying currenti with N number of there is no current inside the Ampere’s I
turns is given by surface so, the magnetic field is zero. C A
µ Ni But for external points, the whole
B= 0 O
2r current behaves as if it were I
L
Case I N = 1, L = 2 πr ⇒ r = concentrated at the axis only, so outside
2π µ i B D
µ × 1 ×i µ0 i B0 = 0
∴ B= 0 = 2 πr
2r 2r (a) On AB
Thus, the magnetic field is produced (b) On CD
Case II N = 2,L = 2 × 2 πr ′ outside the pipe only.
L r µ ×2×i (c) On both AB and CD
⇒r′= = ∴ B′ = 0 (d) On both OD and BO
4π 2 2r′ 19 A coil of one turn is made of a wire Ans. (a)
Putting the value of r ′ of certain length and then from
µ × 2 i 4µ 0 i Applying right hand grip rule and
B ′= 0 = = 4B the same length a coil of two turns considering AB, the direction of
2 × (r/2) 2r is made. If the same current is magnetic field due to one current is

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186 NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Physics

upwards and that due to other is µ0 i B∝

1
B= (sin φ1 + sin φ2 ) So,
downwards. Both the magnetic fields 4πr r
cancel out each other and the resultant when r is doubled, the magnetic field
When the conductor is of infinite length
magnetic field is zero. becomes halved.
and point P lies near the centre of
ConsideringCD and applying right hand B 0.4
conductor, then φ1 = φ2 = 90 ° i.e., B′ = ⇒ B′ = = 0.2 T
grip rule for the two currents, the 2 2
µ i
direction of magnetic field is in the ∴ B = 0 (sin 90 ° + sin 90 ° )
same direction in both the cases giving 4πr
non-zero resultant. µ 2i µ i 25 The magnetic induction at a point
= 0⋅ ⇒ r= 0 P which is at the distance of 4 cm
4π r 2πB
21 The magnetic field dB due to a from a long current carrying wire is
Here, current (i) = 12 A,
small element at a distance r and 10 −3 T. The field of induction at a
magnetic field (B) = 3 × 10 −5 Wb / m2
carrying current i is distance 12 cm from the current
∴Perpendicular distance from wire to
[CBSE AIPMT 1996] will be [CBSE AIPMT 1990]
4 π × 10 −7 × 12
µ  dl × r the point, r = (a) 3.33 × 10−4 T (b) 1.11 × 10− 4 T
(a) dB = 0 i   2 × π × (3 × 10 −5 )
4π  r  (c) 3 × 10−3 T (d) 9 × 10−3 T
= 8 × 10 −2 m Ans. (a)
µ0 2  dl × r Magnetic field due to a long straight
(b) dB = i  2  23 A straight wire of diameter 0.5
4π  r  conductor carrying currenti at a
mm carrying a current of 1 A is distance r is given by
µ  dl × r replaced by another wire of 1 mm µ 2i
(c) dB = 0 i 2   B= 0
4π  r  diameter carrying same current. 4π r
µ 0  dl × r The strength of magnetic field far Given, r1 = 4 cm, r2 = 12 cm.
(d) dB = i 
4 π  r3  away is [CBSE AIPMT 1995] As B∝
1
(a) twice the earlier value r
Ans. (d)
(b) same as the earlier value and distance becomes 3 times, field is
According to Biot-Savart law, the
(c) one-half of the earlier value reduced to its one-third value.
magnetic field inductiondB (also called
(d) one-quarter of the earlier value B 10 −3
magnetic flux density) at a point P due Hence, B′ = = = 3.33 × 10 − 4 T
to current element depends upon the Ans. (b) 3 3
factors as stated below.
Magnetic field due to straight wire is
(i) dB ∝ i (ii) dB ∝ dl given by 26 Tesla is the unit of
1 [CBSE AIPMT 1988]
(iii) dB ∝ sinθ (iv) dB ∝ 2 µ 0 2i
r B= (a) magnetic flux
4π r
dl (b) magnetic field
From above expression magnetic field (c) magnetic induction
i r P due to current carrying conductor
(d) magnetic moment
doesn’t depends on the diameter of
wire, it only depends on distance of wire Ans. (c)
from the point and current in the wire SI unit of magnetic induction is tesla (T).
Combining these factors, we get so, magnetic field reamaining same for Magnetic field induction at a point is
magnitude ofdB both wires. said to be one tesla if a charge of one
µ i dl sin θ
i.e., dB = 0 ⋅ coulomb while moving at right angle to
4π r2 24 The magnetic field at a distance r a magnetic field, with a velocity of
In vector form, from a long wire carrying current i 1 ms −1 experiences a force of 1 N, at that
µ (dl × r)  µ 0
dB = 0 i = 10 −7 T - m /A  is 0.4 T. The magnetic field at a point.
4π r3  4 π  ∴ 1T = 1NA −1 m−1
distance 2r is [CBSE AIPMT 1992]
(a) 0.2 T (b) 0.8 T
22 At what distance from a long (c) 0.1 T (d) 1.6 T
TOPIC 2
straight wire carrying a current of Ans. (a) Magnetic Force on Charged
12 A will the magnetic field be equal Particle in Magnetic Field
Magnetic field due to a long current
to 3 × 10 −5 Wb/m2 ? carrying wire at distance r at point P is
[CBSE AIPMT 1995]
given by
(a) 8 × 10−2 m (b) 12 × 10−2 m 27 In the product
i
(c) 18 × 10−2 m (d) 24 × 10−2 m ∞ ∞ F = q(v × B)
r
Ans. (a) = qv × (B$i + B$j + B0 k$ )
Total magnetic field due to current P
carrying straight wire at any point P is
For q = 1and v = 2$i + 4$j + 6 k$ and
µ 2i
given by B= 0 ⋅ F = 4$i − 20$j + 12k$
4π r

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Moving Charges and Magnetism 187
mv p
What will be the complete ⇒ r= … (i) (K) of the proton beam, produced
expression for B? [NEET 2021] qB by it, are given by
(a) − 8 $i − 8 $j − 6 k$ where,v p = perpendicular velocity of [CBSE AIPMT 2012]
particle and mν
(b) − 6 $i − 6 $j − 8 k$ (a) B = and K = 2 mπ 2 ν 2 R 2
q = charge on particle. e
(c) 8 $i + 8 $j − 6 k$ As, momentum, p = mv p 2πmν
(b) B = and K = m 2 πνR 2
(d) 6 $i + 6 $j − 8 k$ ∴ r=
p
[from Eq. (i)] e
Ans. (b)
qB 2πmν
(c) B = and K = 2 mπ 2 ν 2 R 2
According to the question, moment of e
Given, velocity, v = 2$i + 4$j + 6k$
both particle is same. mν
Force, F = 4$i − 20 $j + 12k$ 1 (d) B = and K = m 2 πνR 2
⇒ r∝ e
As we know, q
Ans. (c)
F = q (v × B) For ionised hydrogen atom,q H = e eB
Here, q = 1 (given) and for α-particle,q α = 2 e Frequency, ν =
2 πm
Substituting the values in the above rH q α 2e 2 mν
⇒ = = = or 2 : 1 1
KE = mν2 and radius R =
equation, we get rα q H e 1 2 eB
4$i − 20 $j + 12k$ = (1) [(2$i + 4$j + 6k$ ) πR 2 πR
Here, velocity,v = = = 2 πRν
× (B$i + B$j + B 0k$ )] 29 An electron is moving in a circular T /2 T
 $i $j k$  path under the influence of a m(2πRν)
  ∴ Radius, R =
4$i − 20 $j + 12k$ =  2 4 6  transverse magnetic field of eB
  3. 57 × 10 −2 T. If the value of e/m is 2πmν
Magnetic field, B =
 B B B0 
1.76 × 10 11 C/kg, the frequency of e
1
⇒ 4$i − 20 $j + 12k$ = $i (4B 0 − 6B) revolution of the electron is Kinetic energy,K = m(2 πRν) 2
2
− $j (2B − 6B) + k$ (2B − 4B) [NEET 2016]
= 2 mπ 2 ν2 R 2
0
(a) 1 GHz (b) 100 MHz
Comparing the LHS and RHS of the (c) 62.8 MHz (d) 6.28 MHz
31 A uniform electric field and a
above equation, we get Ans. (a)
$i terms: uniform magnetic field are acting
As we know that, radius of a charged along the same direction in a
4B 0 − 6B = 4 …(i) particle in a magnetic field B is given by
$j terms: mv
certain region. If an electron is
r= K(i) projected in the region such that
2B 0 − 6B = 20 …(ii) qB
its velocity is pointed along the
k$ terms: where, r = charge on the particle
direction of fields, then the
2B − 4B = 12 v = speed of the particle electron [CBSE AIPMT 2011]
⇒ B = −6 ∴The time taken to complete the circle, (a) speed will decrease
Substituting the value of B in the Eq. (ii), 2πr T m
T= ⇒ = [from Eq. (i)] (b) speed will increase
we get v 2π qB
(c) ill turn towards left of direction of
2B 0 − 6 (−6) = 20 ⇒ B 0 = − 8 2 π qB
∴ ω= = motion
Thus, the magnetic field vector, T m (d) will turn towards right of direction
B = − 6$i − 6$j − 8k
$
e
Q q = e and = 1.76 × 10 11 C/kg of motion
m Ans. (a)
28 Ionised hydrogen atoms and α B = 3.57 × 10 −2 T Magnetic field (B) will not apply any
-particles with same momenta 2π eB 1 e Q 1 = f 
⇒ = f= B   force. Only electric fieldE will apply a
enters perpendicular to a constant T m 2π m  T  force opposite to velocity of the
magnetic field, B.The ratio of their 1 −2 electron hence, speed decreases.
= × 1.76 × 10 × 3.57 × 10
11
radii of their paths rH : rα will be 2π
[NEET (National) 2019]
= 1.0 × 10 9 Hz = 1 GHz
32 A beam of cathode rays is subjected
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 4 : 1 to crossed electric (E) and magnetic
(c) 1 : 4 (d) 2 : 1 30 An alternating electric field of fields (B). The fields are adjusted
Ans. (d) frequency ν, is applied across the such that the beam is not deflected.
The centripetal force required for dees (radius = R) of a cyclotron The specific charge of the cathode
circular motion is provided by magnetic that is being used to accelerate rays is given by [CBSE AIPMT 2010]
force B2 2 VB 2
protons (mass = m). The operating (a) (b)
mv p2 2VE 2 E2
⇒ = Bqv p magnetic field (B) used in the
r
cyclotron and the kinetic energy 2VE 2 E2
(c) 2 (d)
B 2VB 2

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188 NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Physics

Ans. (d) magnetic field is maintained,the then the chargeq experiences a force
As the electron beam is not deflected, electrons move [CBSE AIPMT 2007] which is given by
thenFm = Fe or Bev = Ee F = q (v × B) = qvB sin θ
(a) in an elliptical orbit
or v=
E
…(i) (b) in a circular orbit If θ = 0 ° or 180 ° , then sinθ = 0
B (c) along a parabolic path (d) along a ∴ F = qvB sinθ = 0
As the electron moves from cathode to straight line Since, force on charged particle is
anode, its potential energy at the non-zero, so angle between v and B can
Ans. (b)
cathode appears as its kinetic energy at have any value other than 0° and 180°.
the anode. If V is the potential difference If both electric and magnetic fields are Note Force experienced by the
between the anode and cathode, then present and are perpendicular to each charged particle is the Lorentz force.
potential energy of the electron at other and the particle is moving
cathode = eV. Also, kinetic energy of the perpendicular to both of them with
1 Fe = Fm . In this situationE ≠ 0 and B ≠ 0
38 An electron moves in a circular
electron atanode = mv 2 . According to orbit with a uniform speed v. It
2 and Fe + Fm = 0.
law of conservation of energy, But if electric field becomes zero,then produces a magnetic field B at the
1 2eV only force due to magnetic field exists. centre of the circle. The radius of
mv 2 = eV or v = …(ii)
2 m And E is perpendicular to theB so the the circle is proportional to
charge moves along a circle. [CBSE AIPMT 2005]
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have
B v v B
2eV E e E2 (a) (b) (c) (d)
= or = 36 Under the influence of a uniform v B B v
m B m 2VB 2
magnetic field a charged particle is Ans. (c)
moving in a circle of radius R with
33 The magnetic force acting on a The time period of electron moving in a
constant speed v. The time period
charged particle of charge − 2µC circular orbit,
of the motion [CBSE AIPMT 2007]
in a magnetic field of 2 T acting in T=
Circumference of circular path
(a) depends on v and not on R
y-direction, when the particle Speed
(b) depends on both R and v
velocity is (2 i$ + 3 $j) × 10 6 ms −1 is (c) is independent of both R and v =
2πr
v
(a) 8 N in z-direction (d) depends on R and not on v
[CBSE AIPMT 2009]
Now, equivalent current due to flow of
Ans. (c) electron is given by
(b) 4 N in z-direction When magnetic field is perpendicular to q e ev
(c) 8 N in y-direction i= = = [q = e]
motion of charged particle, then T (2 πr/v) 2 πr
(d) 8 N in z-direction particle performs circular motion. Magnetic field at centre of circle
Ans. (a) So, centripetal force = magnetic force µ i µ ev  eV 
mv 2 mv B= 0 = 0 2 i = 
Magnetic Lorentz force,F = q(v × B) i.e. = Bqv or R = 2 r 4 πr  2πr 
= −2 × 10 −6 {(2$i + 3$j) × 10 6 × 2$j } R Bq
v
⇒ r∝
= − 2 × 10 −6 [2 × 2 × 10 6 k$ ] Further, time period of the motion B
= 8 Nalong negative Z-axis  mv
2π  
2 πR  Bq  2 πm 39 A charged particle moves through
T= = or T =
34 A particle of mass m, charge q and v v Bq a magnetic field in a direction
kinetic energyT enters a perpendicular to it. Then, the
transverse uniform magnetic field 37 When a charged particle moving [CBSE AIPMT 2003]
of induction B. After 3 s, the with velocity v is subjected to a (a) acceleration remains unchanged
kinetic energy of the particle will magnetic field of induction B, the (b) velocity remains unchanged
be [CBSE AIPMT 2008] force on it is non-zero. This (c) speed of the particle remains
(a) 3T (b) 2T implies that [CBSE AIPMT 2006] unchanged
(c)T (d) 4T (a) angle between v and B is (d) direction of the particle remains
Ans. (c) necessarily 90° unchanged
Magnetic field can never increase the (b) angle between v and B can have Ans. (c)
energy of a charged particle so, its any value other than 90° When a charged particle moves through
kinetic energy will remain same. (c) angle between v and B can have a perpendicular magnetic field, then a
any value other than zero and 180° magnetic force acts on it which
35 A beam of electrons passes (d) ngle between v and B is either zero changes the direction of particle but
does not alter the magnitude of its
undeflected through mutually or 180°
velocity (i.e., speed).
perpendicular electric and Ans. (c)
magnetic fields. If the electric field When a charged particleq is moving in a
is switched OFF and the same uniform magnetic fieldB with velocity v
such that angle between v and B is θ,

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Moving Charges and Magnetism 189

ω respectively at right angles to the

× ×
v
×
Q
× × × ω = 2 πν ⇒ ν =
× × × × × × 2π direction of motion of the
v qB
× × × × × × ∴ ν= electrons. Then, the velocity of
× × × F
P×
2 πm
F electrons must be
× × ×F × × × q
Note In the resultant expression is [CBSE AIPMT 1996]
× × × × × × m
(a) 8 m/s (b) 20 m/s
× × ×O × ×v × known as specific charge. It is 1
sometimes denoted by α . So, in terms (c) 40 m/s (d) m/s
of α, the above formula can be written as 40
So, speed of charged particle remains Bα
ω = Bα and ν = Ans. (c)
unchanged i.e., of velocity magnitude
2π
remains constant. According to Lorentz force,
Note If a charged particle moves at Fnet = q [E + (v × B)]
45° to magnetic field, then path of the 42 A positively charged particle When v, E and B are mutually
particle will be a helix whose circular moving due east enters a region of perpendicular to each other, in this
part has radius according to relation, uniform magnetic field directed
mv sin θ situation if E and B are such that
r= . vertically upwards. The particle
qB F = Fe + Fm = 0, then acceleration in the
will [CBSE AIPMT 1997] F
particle,a = = 0.It means particle will
(a) continue to move due East m
40 A charge q moves in a region where
(b) move in a circular orbit with its pass undeflected.
electric fieldE and magnetic fieldB
speed unchanged Here, Fe = Fm
both exist, then the force on it is
(c) move in a circular orbit with its Fe = qE 
[CBSE AIPMT 2002]
speed increased So, qE = qvB F = qvB 
(a) q (v × B) (b) q E + q (v × B)  M 
(d) gets deflected vertically upwards
(c) q B + q (B × v) (d) q B + q (E × v) or v=
E
Ans. (b) B
Ans. (b)
According to the question, the magnetic Given, E = 20 Vm−1
If E is the electric field strength andB is field is perpendicular to the direction of B = 0.5 T
the magnetic field strength andq is the motion of charged particle. 20
charge on a particle, then electric force ∴ v= = 40 m/s
on the charge Force on the charged particle is given by 0.5
Fe = qE F = qvB sinθ = q (v × B)
where, q = charge on charged particle
44 A 10 eV electron is circulating in a
and magnetic force on the charge plane at right angle to a uniform
Fm = q (v × B) v = velocity of charged particle
B = magnetic field
field of magnetic induction 10 − 4
The net force on the charge Wb/m 2 (= 1.0 gauss). The orbital
F = Fe + Fm = qE + q (v × B) θ = angle between v and B = 90 °
radius of the electron is
Alternative N
[CBSE AIPMT 1996]
According to Lorentz force if a charged B
(a) 12 cm (b) 16 cm
particle is in both electric field (E) and W E (c) 11 cm (d) 18 cm
magnetic field (B), force is given by v
Ans. (c)
F = q [E + (v × B)]
S If charged particle is moving
perpendicular to the direction ofB, it
41 A charged particle of charge q and
According to Fleming’s left hand rule, experiences a maximum force which
mass m enters perpendicularly in a acts perpendicular to the direction ofB
the force acts perpendicular to the
magnetic field B. Kinetic energy of as well as v. Hence, this force will
velocity of the particle. This force in
the particle is E, then frequency of magnitude remains same but the provide the required centripetal force
rotation is [CBSE AIPMT 2001] direction of charged particle goes on and the charged particle will describe a
qB qB qBE qB changing and always perpendicular to circular path in the magnetic field of
(a) (b) (c) (d) radius r and is given by
mπ 2 πm 2 πm 2 πE the velocity of the particle, so the
mv 2
Ans. (b)
particle will move in a circular orbit. The = qvB
magnetic force does not make any r
Magnetic force = centripetal force change in its kinetic energy which Now, KE of electron = 10 eV
mv 2 implies that speed is constant or 1
i.e. qvB = ⇒ mv 2 = 10 eV
r unchanged. 2
or qvB = mrω2 (v = rω) 1
qvB q (rω) B 43 A beam of electrons is moving with ∴ × (9.1 × 10 −31 ) v 2 = 10 × 1.6 × 10 −19
or ω =
2
= 2
mr mr constant velocity in a region having 2 × 10 × 1.6 × 10 −19
qB ⇒ v2 =
Angular frequency,ω = simultaneous perpendicular 9.1 × 10 −31
m electric and magnetic fields of ⇒ v = 3.52 × 10 12
2
If ν is the frequency of rotation, then strength 20 Vm −1 and 0.5 T, or v = 1.88 × 10 6 m

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190 NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Physics

Now, radius of circular path, 47 A uniform magnetic field acts right E1 1 50 keV 1
∴ = ⇒ =
mv 9.1 × 10 −31 × 1.88 × 10 6 angles to the direction of motion E2 2 E2 2
r= = = 11 cm
qB 1.6 × 10 −19 × 10 − 4 of electrons. As a result, the or E 2 = 100 keV
electron moves in a circular path
45 An electron enters a region where of radius 2 cm. If the speed of TOPIC 3
magnetic field (B) and electric field electrons is doubled, then the
(E) are mutually perpendicular, radius of the circular path will be
Force and Torque on
then [CBSE AIPMT 1994] [CBSE AIPMT 1991] Current Carrying Conductor
(a) it will always move in the direction (a) 2.0 cm (b) 0.5 cm
ofB (c) 4.0 cm (d) 1.0 cm 49 A metallic rod of mass per unit
(b) it will always move in the direction Ans. (c) length 0.5 kg m −1 is lying
of E horizontally on a smooth inclined
The force F on the charged particle due
(c) it always possess circular motion to external magnetic field provides the plane which makes an angle of 30°
(d) it can go undeflected also required centripetal force (= mv 2 / r) with the horizontal. The rod is not
Ans. (d) necessary for motion along the circular allowed to slide down by flowing a
path of radius r.
The force experienced by a charged current through it when a
mv 2 mv
particle moving in space where both So,qvB = or r = magnetic field of induction 0.25 T
electric and magnetic fields exist is r qB
is acting on it in the vertical
called Lorentz force. m 
∴ r ∝v  qB = constant direction. The current flowing in
Due to both electric and magnetic fields,  
the total force experienced by the
the rod to keep it stationary is
As v is doubled, the radius also becomes [NEET 2018]
charged particle will be given by, double. Hence, radius = 2 × 2 = 4 cm.
F = Fe + Fm = qE + q (v × B) (a) 14.76 A (b) 5.98 A
(c) 7.14 A (d) 11.32 A
= q (E + v × B) 48 A deutron of kinetic energy 50 keV
is describing a circular orbit of Ans. (d)
When v, E and B are mutually
perpendicular to each other. In this radius 0.5 m in a plane perpendicular Key Concept Firstly, make a free body
situation, if E and B are such that to magnetic field B. The kinetic diagram of the system and indicate the
F = Fe + Fm = 0, then acceleration in the energy of the proton that describes magnitude and direction of all the forces
F acting on the body. Then, choose any
particle,a = = 0. a circular orbit of radius 0.5 m in the two mutually perpendicular axes say X
m same plane with the same and Y in the plane of forces in case of
It means particle will go undeflected. magnetic field B is coplanar forces.
[CBSE AIPMT 1991] As, the system is in equilibrium,
46 A charge moving with velocityv in (a) 25 keV (b) 50 keV ΣFx = 0
x-direction is subjected to a field of (c) 200 keV (d) 100 keV or mg sin θ = F cos θ …(i)
magnetic induction in negative Ans. (d) where,F is the magnitude of force
x-direction. As a result, the charge When charged particle move on circular experienced by the rod when placed in a
will [CBSE AIPMT 1993] path, the forceF on the charged magnetic field and currentI is flowing
(a) remain unaffected particle due to magnetic field provides through it.
(b) start moving in a circular y-z plane the required centripetal force (= mv 2 / r) But the force experienced by the given
(c) retard along x-axis necessary for motion along the circular rod in a uniform magnetic field is
path. F = ILB
(d) move along a helical path around
mv 2 ∴ Eq. (i) becomes,
x-axis So, = qvB
Ans. (a)
r mg sin θ = ILB cos θ
where, m = mass of particle mg sin θ mg
Force on a charged particle in the ⇒ I= = tanθ
v = velocity of particle LB cos θ LB
magnetic field is q = charge on particle
I =  
m g tanθ
| F | = q | v × B | or F = qvB sinθ B = external magnetic field
…(ii)
L B
when angle between velocityv and r = radius of circular path
magnetic induction B is 180° or 0°, then According to the question,
mv 2 = Bqvr
F = qvB sin 180 ° = 0 1 1 s
q
∴ Kinetic energy E K = mv 2 = Bqvr B co
[as sin 180° or sin0 ° = 0] 2 2 F
r Bqr B 2 q 2 r 2
= Bq ⋅ = q
2 m 2m
F
B 2q 2 r 2
x For deutron, E 1 = (mass = 2 m)
B O v 2 × (2 m) q
B 2q 2 r 2 sin q
So, the charged particle remains For proton, E 2 = (mass = m) g
m
unaffected. 2m

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Moving Charges and Magnetism 191

Here,
m
= 0.5 kg m−1 , g = 9.8 ms−2 , µ 0Ii 2µ 0IiL θ = 60 ° , A = 0.12 × 0.1 = 0.012 m2
(a) (b)
L 2π 3π
θ = 30 °, B = 0.25 T µ IiL 2µ Ii B
(c) 0 (d) 0
Substituting the given values in Eq. (ii), 2π 3π
we get Ans. (d) 30°
0.5 × 9.8
I= tan30 ° Consider the given figure, 60°
M
0.25
0.5 × 9.8 1 B C
= × Y
0.25 3
= 11.32 A I i L

50 An arrangement of three parallel X A D

straight wires placed L/2 L
perpendicular to plane of paper Thus, torque required to keep the coil in
carrying same current I along the From the above figure, it can be seen stable equilibrium, i.e.
same direction is shown in figure. that the direction of currents in a long τ = NIAB sinθ
Magnitude of force per unit length straight conductor XY and arm AB of a = 50 × 2 × 0.012 × 0.2 × sin 60 °
on the middle wire B is given by square loop ABCD are in the same = 50 × 2 × 0.12 × 0.2 ×
3
= 0.20
[NEET 2017] direction. So, there exist a force of 2
B d C attraction between the two, which will Nm
90° be experienced byFBA as
53 A current loop in a magnetic field
µ 0IiL
d FBA = [NEET 2013]
L
2π   (a) experiences a torque whether the
 2 field is uniform or non-uniform in
A all orientations
In the case of XY and arm CD, the
µ0 i 2
2µ 0 i 2 direction of currents are in the opposite (b) can be in equilibrium in one
(a) (b) orientation
2 πd πd direction. So, there exist a force of
(c) can be in equilibrium in two
2µ 0 i 2 µ i2 repulsion which will be experienced by
(c) (d) 0 µ 0IiL orientations, both the equilibrium
πd 2 πd CD as FCD = states are unstable
 3L 
Ans. (d) 2π   (d) can be in equilibrium in two
2
As force on wire B due to A and C are orientations, one stable while
attractive, so we have following Therefore, net force on the loop ABCD other is unstable
condition will be Ans. (d)
F µ IiL  1 1  For parallel,M is stable and for
Floop = FBA − FCD = 0  −
2 π  (L /2) (3L /2) 
B
antiparallel, it is unstable.
2µ 0iI
Floop = 54. A current carrying closed loop in
3π
the form of a right angled
52 A rectangular coil of length 0.12 m isosceles ∆ ABC is placed in a
F Resultant and width 0.1 m having 50 turns of uniform magnetic field acting
wire is suspended vertically in a along AB. If the magnetic force on
µ 0I 2
F= uniform magnetic field of strength the arm BC is F, the force on the
2 πd
0.2 Wb/m2 . The coil carries a arm AC is [CBSE AIPMT 2011]
Resultant force on B
current of 2 A. If the plane of the A
µ 0I 2 µ 0I 2
= F12 + F22 = 2 F = 2 × = coil is inclined at an angle of 30°
2 πd 2 πd
with the direction of the field, the
torque required to keep the coil in
51 A square loop ABCD carrying a
stable equilibrium will be
current i, is placed near and [CBSE AIPMT 2015] B C
coplanar with a long straight (a) 0.15 Nm (b) 0.20 Nm
conductor XY carrying a current I, (c) 0.24 Nm (d) 0.12 Nm (a) −F (b) F
the net force on the loop will be Ans. (b) (c) 2 F (d) − 2 F
[NEET 2016]
Given,N = 50 Ans. (a)
B = 0.2 Wb/m2 ,I = 2 A Force on AB is given by,FAB = 0

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192 NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Physics

According to the question, along the directions shown in L

B C figure, the force on the segment
Y
QP is [CBSE AIPMT 2008] S N
B l
I i L Q
90°

X A D P
L/2 L F3 M O N
F1 Normal
FAB = 0
3 2 3 2
⇒ FAB + FBC + FCA = 0 τ =i × l B sin 90 °= il B
FBC + FCA = 0 S R 4 4
FCA = − FBC = − F (Qsin90 ° = 1)
F2 1/2
 τ 
(a) F3 − F1 − F2 Hence, l = 2  

55 A square current carrying loop is  3 Bi 
suspended in a uniform magnetic (b) (F3 − F1 ) 2 + F22
field acting in the plane of the 58 Current is flowing in a coil of area
(c) (F3 − F1 ) 2 − F22
loop. If the force on one arm of A and number of turns N, then
the loop is F, the net force on the (d) F3 − F1 + F2 magnetic moment of the coil, M is
remaining three arms of the loop Ans. (b) equal to [CBSE AIPMT 2001]
is [CBSE AIPMT 2010] As the net force on closed loop is equal Ni
(a) NiA (b)
(a) 3 F (b) –F (c) –3 F (d) F to zero. So, force on QP will be equal A
Ans. (b) and opposite to sum of forces on other Ni
3 sides.
(c) (d) N 2 Ai
When a current carrying loop is placed A
in a magnetic field, the coil experiences F1 F3 Ans. (a)
a torque given by τ = NBi A sinθ. Torque If there are N turns in a coil, i is the
is maximum whenθ = 90 °, i.e., the plane current flowing and A is the area of the
of the coil is parallel to the field. coil, then magnetic dipole moment or
F2
τ max = NBiA simply magnetic moment of the coil is
F1 So, from vector laws, M = NiA
As we know when velocity of charged
FQP = (F3 − F1 ) 2 + F22 particle entering to magnetic field
F4 region is perpendicular toB, then it
57 A coil in the shape of an follows circular path.
F3 equilateral triangle of side l is
59 Two long parallel wires are at a
suspended between the pole
distance of 1 m. Both of them
pieces of a permanent magnet
F2 carry 1A of current. The force of
such that F is in plane of the coil. If
attraction per unit length between
Forces F1 and F2 acting on the coil are due to a current i in the triangle a
the two wires is [CBSE AIPMT 1998]
equal in magnitude and opposite in torque τ acts on it, the side l of the
direction. As the forcesF1 and F2 have (a) 2 × 10−7 N/m (b) 2 × 10−8 N/m
triangle is [CBSE AIPMT 2005]
the same line of action, their resultant 1/2 (c) 5 × 10−8 N/m (d) 10−7 N/m
2  τ 2  τ
effect on the coil is zero. (a)   (b)   Ans. (a)
The two forces F3 and F4 are equal in 3  Bi  3  Bi 
1/2 Magnetic force between parallel wires
magnitude and opposite in direction. As  τ  1 τ per unit length is given by
the two forces have different lines of (c) 2   (d)
 3 Bi  3 Bi F µ 0 i1 i2
action, they constitute a torque. Thus, = ×
l 2π r
if the force on one arc of the loop isF, Ans. (c)
the net force on the remaining three 1 2
Torque acting on equilateral triangle in
arms of the loop a magnetic fieldB is
is −F.
τ = M × B, τ = i AB sin θ [iA = M] i1 i2

56 A closed loop PQRS carrying a Area of ∆ LMN

3 2 r
current is placed in a uniform A= l and θ = 90 °
4 where,i 1 and i 2 are the currents in wires
magnetic field. If the magnetic
[l = sides of triangle] 1 and 2 respectively and r is the distance
forces on segments PS, SR and RQ
Substituting the given values in the between them. Since, it is given that
are F 1 , F2 and F3 respectively and between two wires there is a force of
expression for torque, we have
are in the plane of the paper and

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Moving Charges and Magnetism 193

attraction, so, the direction of currents is 20 div/V. The resistance of the Equivalent resistance of ammeter,
in both will be the same. galvanometer is 1 1 1
[NEET 2018] = +
Given, i 1 = i 2 = 1 A, r = 1 m, (a) 250 Ω (b) 25 Ω R G rs
µ 0 = 4 π × 10 −7 T-m/A (c) 40 Ω (d) 500 Ω 1 1 1 G
∴ = + ⇒R=
F 4 π × 10 −7 1 × 1 R G G /499 500
∴ = × = 2 × 10 −7 N/m Ans. (a)
l 2π 1
Current sensitivity of a moving coil
Note When current is in same direction galvanometer is the deflection (θ) per 64 A millivoltmeter of 25 mV range is
in both the wires there will be attraction unit current (I) flowing through it, i.e. to be converted into an ammeter of
and if current in opposite direction θ NAB 25 A range. The value (in ohm) of
there is repulsion. IS = = …(i)
I k necessary shunt will be
60 A straight wire of length 0.5 m and where,N = number of turns in the coil, [CBSE AIPMT 2012]

carrying a current of 1.2 A is A = Area of each turn of coil, (a) 0.001 (b) 0.01
placed in uniform magnetic field B = magnetic field (c) 1 (d) 0.05
of induction 2 T. The magnetic k = restoring torque per unit twist Ans. (a)
field is perpendicular to the length of the fibre strip. The full scale deflection current
of the wire. The force on the wire Similarly, voltage sensitivity is the 25 mV
ig = A
is [CBSE AIPMT 1992]
deflection per unit voltage, i.e. G
θ
VS = = 
NAB  I NAB
(a) 2.4 N (b) 1.2 N (c) 3.0 N (d) 2.0 N  = …(ii) where,G is the resistance of the meter.
V  k  V kR G
Ans. (b) The value of shunt required for
Force on a current carrying conductor where, R G is the resistance of the converting it into ammeter of range 25 A
placed in a magnetic field is given by galvanometer. i G G
is S = g ⇒ S =ig (as i >> i g )
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get i −ig
F = i (l × B) = il B sin θ i
I
where,θ = angle between current RG = S …(iii) So that,
elements and magnetic field. VS 25 mV G 25 mV
S≈ ⋅ = = 0.001 Ω
If linear conductor carrying current is Here, I S = 5 div/mA = 5 × 10 −3 div/A G i 25
placed perpendicular to the direction of and VS = 20 div/V
65 The resistance of an ammeter is
magnetic field, (θ = 90 ° ) it will Substituting the given values in Eq. (iii), 13 Ω and its scale is graduated for
experience maximum force. we get
a current upto 100 A. After an
i.e., Fmax = ilB 5 × 10 3
RG = = 250 additional shunt has been
Given, i = 1.2 A, l = 0.5 m and B = 2T 20
connected to this ammeter it
∴ F = 2 × 1.2 × 0.5 = 1.2 N ∴ The resistance of the galvanometer becomes possible to measure
is 250 Ω.
61 A current carrying coil is subjected currents upto 750 A by this meter.
to a uniform magnetic field. The The value of shunt resistance is
63 In an ammeter 0.2% of main [CBSE AIPMT 2007]
coil will orient so that its plane current passes through the (a) 20 Ω (b) 2 Ω (c) 0.2 Ω (d) 2 kΩ
becomes [CBSE AIPMT 1988] galvanometer. If resistance of
Ans. (b)
(a) inclined at 45° to the magnetic galvanometer is G, the resistance
field Let i a be the current flowing through
of ammeter will be
ammeter andi be the total current. So,
(b) inclined at any arbitrary angle to [CBSE AIPMT 2014]
a current i − i a will flow through shunt
the magnetic field 1 499
(a) G (b) G resistance.
(c) parallel to the magnetic field 499 500
Potential difference across ammeter
(d) perpendicular to magnetic field 1 500
(c) G (d) G and shunt resistance is same.
Ans. (c) 500 499
i.e. i a × R = (i − i a ) × S
The coil must orient so that its Ans. (c)
magnetic moment becomes parallel to For ammeter,
the field. So that the magnetic force on i ia i
a
the coil is zero. 0.002 I G (i – ia)
A
TOPIC 4 0.9988 I
S
Shunt
Moving Coil Galvanometer High reading ammeter
rs
ia R
0.002I × G = 0.998I × rs or S= …(i)
62 Current sensitivity of a moving coil 0.002 i − ia
galvanometer is 5 div/mA and its rs = G
0.998 Given, i a = 100 A, i = 750 A, R = 13 Ω
voltage sensitivity (angular 1 100 × 13
⇒ rs = 0.002004 G = ×G Hence, S = =2Ω
deflection per unit voltage applied) 499 750 − 100

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