, Bhagwanpur, Varanasi

Artificial Intelligence (417)

Class: 10
Unit 1: Intro. To AI – Foundational Concepts

1 The basis of decision making depends upon the availability of ____________and how we experience and
understand it.
Ans: information/data/conditions/ past experience/ knowledge/awareness.
2 A machine can also become intelligent if it is trained with __________ which helps them achieve their
tasks
Ans: data
3 One of the major sources of data for many major companies is the device which all of us have in our hands
all the time______________
Ans: Smartphone/ Mobile Phones
4 The world of Artificial Intelligence revolves around ___________
Ans: Data
5 Snapchat filters use _____ and _____ to enhance your selfie with flowers, cat ears etc.
a) machine learning and deep learning b) data and image processing
c) augmented reality and machine learning d) NLP and computer vision
Ans: c) augmented reality and machine learning
6 Select a game which is based on Data Science domain of AI:
a) Rock Paper and Scissors b) Mystery Animal c) Emoji Scavenger Hunt d) Pokémon
Ans: a) Rock Paper and Scissors
7 What is Intelligence?
Ans: It is the ability to perceive or infer information, and to retain it as knowledge to be applied
towards adaptive behaviours within an environment or context.
8 What is AI?
Ans: When a machine possesses the ability to mimic human traits, i.e., make decisions, predict the
future, learn and improve on its own, it is said to have artificial intelligence.
9 Write applications of Artificial Intelligence around us.
Ans: Google Search Engine, Virtual Assistants(Siri, Alexa, Cortana etc), Google Maps, Amazon etc.
10 What is not AI?
Ans: Any machine that has been trained with data and can make decisions/predictions on its own can
be termed as AI. Here, the term ‘training’ is important.
1. A fully automatic washing machine can work on its own, but it requires human intervention. It an
example of automation, not AI.
2. An air conditioner can be turned on and off remotely with the help of internet but still needs a
human touch. This is an example of Internet of Things (IoT).
3. Smart TV does not become AI-enabled, it gets the power of AI when it is able to think and process
on its own. It is a smart device.
11 What is Machine Learning (ML)?
Ans: It is a subset of Artificial Intelligence which enables machines to improve at tasks with
experience (data). The intention of Machine Learning is to enable machines to learn by themselves
using the provided data and make accurate Predictions/ Decisions. Eg. Virtual Personal Assistants,
Recommendation systems like Netflix, Face Apps, Online Fraud Detection
12 Why do apps collect data in our phone?
Ans: For the facilities that smartphones provide us, Apps need a lot of data which is collected from
the user like details about your face, browsing history, or your geographic location, contact list etc.
This data is collected with user’s consent which he/she gives at the time of installing an app by
clicking on “yes” or “allow” options which clearly means that we ourselves are giving permissions to
the Apps.
Permissions by themselves are harmless and even useful to provide users a good mobile experience.
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 This data is collected to provide us with a lot of facilities and features which have made our lives
easier. Another reason to collect the data is to provide us with customized recommendations and
notifications according to our choices.
One more reason to collect the data is to make their app more accurate and efficient.
13 List two AI Ethics.
Ans: AI Bias, AI Access, Data privacy, AI for kids.
14 What is Deep Learning (DL)?
Ans: It enables software to train itself to perform tasks with vast
amounts of data. In Deep Learning, the machine is trained with huge
amounts of data which helps it in training itself around the data.
Such machines are intelligent enough to develop algorithms for
themselves. Deep Learning is the most advanced form of Artificial
Intelligence.

15 Depict the relationship among AI, ML and DL.

Ans: There are a lot of applications of AI out of which few are those which come under ML out of
which very few can be labelled as DL. Therefore, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL)
are part of Artificial Intelligence (AI), but not everything that is Machine learning will be Deep
learning.
16 Name the three domains of AI. Explain each of them.
Ans: AI models can be broadly categorised into three domains- Data Science, Computer Vision(CV),
Natural Language Processing(NLP)
Data Science: It is a domain of AI related to data systems and processes, in which the system collects
numerous data, maintains data sets and derives meaning/sense out of them. The information extracted
through data science can be used to make a decision about it. Eg. Price Comparison Websites/ Website
Recommendations/ Fraud and Risk detection/ Internet search/ Personalized healthcare recommendations /
Optimizing Traffic routes in real-time / image tagging.
Computer Vision: It is abbreviated as CV, is a domain of AI that depicts the capability of a machine to
get and analyse visual information and afterwards predict some decisions about it. The entire process
involves image acquiring, screening, analysing, identifying and extracting information. The main objective
of this domain of AI is to teach machines to collect information from pixels. Eg. Self-Driving cars/
Autonomous vehicles Face Lock in Smartphones/ Medical Imaging/ Facial recognition /Security Systems /
Waste Management / Satellite imaging
Natural Language Processing: It is abbreviated as NLP, is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals
with the interaction between computers and humans using the natural language. Natural language refers to
language that is spoken and written by people, and natural language processing (NLP) attempts to extract
information from the spoken and written word using algorithms.
The ultimate objective of NLP is to read, decipher, understand, and make sense of the human languages in
a manner that is valuable. Eg. Email filters/Smart assistants/ Sentiment Analysis/Automatic
Summarization/Search results / Language translation / Digital phone calls.
17 Mention two types of machines which have evolved with time.
Ans: Television/Mobile Phones/ Ceiling Fans/ Microwave ovens/ Headphones / Speakers/ Harvesters/
Refrigerators/Air Conditioners etc.
18 Mention four examples of artificially intelligent applications in our smartphones.
Ans: Phone Smart Lock / Snapchat filter / Shopping websites / Netflix / YouTube / Face Detection /
Google Maps / Emotions recognition / Google assistant / Natural language recognition / image
detection / beauty filters etc.
19 How does a machine become Artificially Intelligent?
Ans: A machine becomes intelligent by training with data and algorithm. AI machines keep updating
their knowledge to optimize their output.
OR
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 Machines also become intelligent once they are trained with some information which helps them
achieve their tasks. AI machines also keep updating their knowledge to optimize their output.
20 Mention four examples of machines that are smart but not AI.
Ans: Automatic gates in shopping malls / remote control drones/ a fully automatic washing machine/
Air Conditioner/ Refrigerator/ Robotic toy cars/ Television etc.
21 How has AI changed the gaming world?
Ans: AI has changed the gaming world in terms of feel and emotions. Some video games react to
player skill level. Depending on how well you do, adaptive AI ratchets the game’s difficulty level up
and down to give you a greater challenge when you need it or to prevent you from rage-quitting in
frustration. AI can also adapt to your playing style by making the game more exciting.
22 Why do we need to collect data?
Ans: Data to a machine is similar to food for human being to function. The world of Artificial
Intelligence revolves around Data. Every company whether small or big is collecting data from as
many sources as possible. Data is called the New Gold today. It is through data collection that a
business or management has the quality information they need to make informed decisions from
further analysis, study, and research. Data collection allows them to stay on top of trends, provide
answers to problems, and analyze new insights to great effect.
23 Where do we collect data from?
Data can be collected from various sources like – Surveys, Sensors, Observations, Web scrapping
(Internet), Interviews, Documents and records. Oral histories
24 What is data mining? Explain with example.
Ans: Data mining is the process of analyzing large data sets and extracting the useful information
from it. Data mining is used by companies to turn raw data into useful information. Eg. Price
Comparison websites- They collect data about a product from different sites and then analyze trends
out of it and show up the most appropriate results.
25 What do you understand by Data Privacy?
Ans: Proper and ethical handling of own data or user data is called data privacy. It is all about the
rights of individuals with respect to their personal information.
26 List down various sensors that are present in a smartphone. Also list down the type of data which gets
collected through them.
Ans:
 ACCELEROMETER [ helps running AR applications and track steps]
 GPS [ Location Data]
 Gyroscope [Orientation Data]
 Magnetometer [ Direction and Magnetic Field Data]
 Biometric Sensors [Fingerprint ,Iris, Face data]
27 Explain in brief any three types of intelligence that are mainly perceived by human beings?
Ans: As per major researches, there are mainly 9 types of Intelligence;
(i) Mathematical Logical Intelligence: A person's ability to regulate, measure, and understand numerical
symbols, abstraction and logic
(ii) Linguistic Intelligence: Language processing skills both in terms of understanding orimplementation
in writing or speech.
(iii) Spatial Visual Intelligence: It is defined as the ability to perceive the visual world and the relationship
of one object to another.
(iv) Kinesthetic Intelligence: Ability that is related to how a person uses his limbs in a skilled manner.
(v) Musical Intelligence: As the name suggests, this intelligence is about a person's ability to recognize
and create sounds, rhythms, and sound patterns
(vi) Intrapersonal Intelligence: Describes the level of self-awareness someone has starting from realizing
weakness, strength, to recognizing his own feelings
(vii) Existential Intelligence: An additional category of intelligence relating to religious andspiritual
awareness.
(viii) Naturalist Intelligence: An additional category of intelligence relating to the ability to process

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 information on the environment around us.
(ix) Interpersonal Intelligence: Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to communicate with others by
understanding other people's feelings and the influence of the person.
28 How intelligent robots are helping us in accomplishing dangerous jobs?
Ans: Robots let humans avoid some hurtful work:
(i) Lifting up heavy material at the construction site.
(ii) Stirring and mixing metals or liquids at a high temperature.
(iii) Collecting and packaging of radioactive waste.
(iv) Working in contaminated and dusty environments.
29 How does learning and adapting help an AI machine in improvising itself?
Ans: An artificially intelligent machine collects real time data and tries to figure out new patterns in
it. Machines learn in a similar way human being; by supervision or by observation and respond
according to past experiences in similar scenarios. A machine learns from its mistakes. The more the
machine gets trained on data, the more accurate result it gives.
30 Differentiate between what is AI and what is not AI with the help of an example?
Ans:
AI Machine Not AI Machine
1. AI machines are trained with data and algorithm. 1. Smart machines which are not AI, do not require
training data, they work on algorithms only.
2. AI machines learn from mistakes and 2. Smart machines work on fixed algorithms and
experience. They try to improvise on their next they always work with the same level of
iterations. efficiency, which is programmed into them.
3. AI machines can analyses the situation and can 3. Machines which are not AI cannot take
take decisions accordingly. decisions on their own.
4. AI based drones capture the real-time data 4. An automatic door in a shopping mall, seems to
during the flight, processes it in real-time, and be AI-enabled, but it is built with only sensor
makes a human-independent decision based on the technology.
processed data.
31 Read the given scenario and answer the questions that follow:(Only for Reading purpose)
A farmer keeps rabbits in three large hutches that stand in a row in his backyard. Each of the hutches is
painted different colours – red, yellow and green. Until recently, the number of rabbits in the green hutch
was twice as large as the number of rabbits in the yellow hutch. Then, one day, the farmer took five rabbits
out of the left-side hutch and gave them away to the local school’s pet corner. He also took half of the
rabbits that remained in the left-side hutch and moved them to the red hutch.
a. What was the colour of the left-side hutch? Justify your answer with explanation.
Ans:
The answer is yellow.
Explanation: As we already know at the outset the number of rabbits in the green hutch was twice as large
as the number of rabbits in the yellow hutch. This means that the number of rabbits in the green hutch was
an even number. After the farmer removed five rabbits from the left side hutch, then the number of rabbits
that remained there also became an even number. This is proven by the fact that it was divisible by 2.
Therefore, before those five were removed, the left side hutch contained an uneven number of rabbits hence
the left side hutch cannot be the green one, but based on the given information, it cannot be the red one.
Hence it is yellow.
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